Bitter Gourd Farming, Cultivation Information Guide

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), also known as bitter melon or karela, is a popular vegetable crop in many countries. It is a warm-season crop that is grown for its edible fruit, which is consumed in various ways, including as a stir-fry vegetable, in soups, stews, and salads.

Find here all details about bitter guard (Karela Cultivation) cultivation information with Seed Variety selection, Land Preparation, Crop Care, Fertilizer and pesticides to use and harvesting tips. Read here complete Bitter Guard Farming Guide.

1. Climate and soil requirements:

Bitter gourd needs warm weather to grow well, with a temperature range of 18-40°C. It grows best in sandy loam soil that is well-drained and has a pH range of 6.0-7.0.

2. Land preparation:

Before planting, prepare the land by plowing, harrowing, and leveling. Add organic matter like compost or manure to the soil to enrich it.

3. Planting:

Bitter gourd seeds can be planted directly in the field or in seedbeds. If planting in the field, plant the seeds 60 cm apart and 1-2 cm deep. If planting in seedbeds, plant the seeds 5-7 cm apart and 1-2 cm deep. Once the seedlings have grown to a height of 15-20 cm, transplant them to the field at a spacing of 2-3 feet between rows and 1-2 feet between plants.

4. Watering:

Bitter gourd plants need regular watering, especially during the flowering and fruiting stages. Water them once or twice a week, depending on the weather.

5. Fertilization:

Use a balanced NPK fertilizer to fertilize the plants. Apply it at a rate of 50-60 kg per acre in 2-3 split doses during the growing season.

6. Pest and disease management:

Bitter gourd is vulnerable to pests and diseases like fruit flies, aphids, powdery mildew, and mosaic virus. Use insecticides and fungicides to control them.

7. Harvesting:

Bitter gourd fruits are ready for harvesting 60-70 days after planting. Harvest them when they are 10-15 cm long, firm, and green. Don't wait too long to harvest them, as they become bitter and lose their flavor when over-mature.

8. Post-harvest management:

After harvesting, sort the fruits and discard the damaged ones. Store the healthy ones in a cool, dry place. Bitter gourd can be stored for 5-7 days at room temperature.