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THE ORANGE & WHITE

e s n s n e e e T

H isto r y Kelly Alley and Moses York / The Daily Beacon

Volume 134 Issue 24

utdailybeacon.com @utkdailybeacon

Thursday, November 16, 2017

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HISTORICISSUE

The Daily Beacon • Thursday, November 16, 2017

THE DAILY BEACON STAFF

EDITORIAL

Editor-in-Chief: Alex Holcomb Managing Editor: Rob Harvey Chief Copy Editor: Nick Karrick Engagement Editor: Rrita Hashani News Editor: Annie Tieu Asst. News Editor: Kylie Hubbard Arts & Culture Editor: Allie Clouse Sports Editor: Tyler Wombles Asst. Sports Editor: Damichael Cole Digital Producer: Mary Hallie Sterling Asst. Digital Producer: Leann Daniel Opinions Editor: Kellie Veltri Photo Editors: Emily Gowder, Adrien Terricabras Design Editors: Laurel Cooper, Lauren Mayo Production Artists: Kelly Alley, Mia Haq, Kyla Johnson, Hannah Jones, Caroline Littel

ADVERTISING/PRODUCTION

Student Advertising Manager: Zenobia Armstrong Media Sales Representatives: Ansley Brancoff, Amy Nelson Advertising Production: Nathaniel Alsbrooks, Alexys Lambert Classified Adviser: Mandy Adams

I told Rob — the managing editor at The Daily Beacon — that I wanted an excuse to go to the archives of the Daily Beacon and Orange & White, the Beacon’s predecessor, so here’s this.

While you were looking at this issue, whether you’re holding it or are reading it online, you might have thought about the irony of a newspaper publishing a story about history.

We thought about this and had a bit of a laugh about it as well, but after that joke we had a question for ourselves: What value does history have to a newspaper?

Looking at the 1982 World’s Fair, practically unknown football coaches, legacy UT families, the beginnings of SGA, a hidden city, historic homes and more was fun for the Beacon staff, but I found myself searching for a reason as to why it mattered to a online news outlet for college students. Aren’t millennials supposed

to hate old stuff and history?

I mean, sure, I own a record player and a typewriter along with every other pretentious whippersnapper, but that’s not necessarily because we’re history buffs. I think there’s some other value to them; historic items are interesting. There’s something about pieces of history and the stories they tell. What they describe engages people. It’s like hearing the stories of a different, peculiar world that no longer exists.

But it’s not just that history is interesting.

History tells us where and who we are. You wouldn’t pick up a book and turn to any page and start reading because you have to know which stories already transpired and which people had already taken part in the narrative before the page to which you flipped open.

The world is just like that book. Knowing the history of the people of Knoxville and East Tennessee tells us more about ourselves than any therapy session ever could. And if you’re not from this area or even this country, knowing its history can help you understand why people here are the way they are.

Misunderstandings seem to be constant

causes of confrontations, and learning about the past gives us a chance to battle that. Hating people or their actions isn’t the best option.

However, trying to comprehend their personal and cultural histories may more fully explain and even solve the problems at hand.

We learn history to understand the present.

As journalists, knowing history helps us better serve our community; as citizens, a knowledge of our history aids us in our quests to be better people. As George Santayana famously said, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”

A few years from now, hardly anyone will remember this letter, and even fewer people will care about it. Still, this is my own piece of history that says that in November of 2017, the Beacon remembered Knoxville’s history.

Someday, somebody will remember us.

Alex Holcomb, Editor-in-Chief

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CORRECTIONS POLICY: It is the Daily Beacon’s policy to quickly correct any factual errors and clarify any potentially misleading information. Errors brought to our attention by readers or staff members will be corrected and printed on page two of our publication. To report an error please send as much information as possible about where and when the error occurred to managingeditor@utdailybeacon.com, or call our newsroom at (865) 974-5206.

The Daily Beacon is published by students at The University of Tennessee on Monday and Thursday during the fall and spring semesters. The offices are located at 1340 Circle Park Drive, 11 Communications Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-0314. The newspaper is free on campus and is available via mail subscription for $200/year or $100/semester. It is also available online at: www.utdailybeacon.com The Daily Beacon is printed using soy based ink on newsprint containing recycled content, utilizing renewable sources and produced in a sustainable, environmentally responsible manner.

A Sense of History: A guest column from Jack Neely Jack Neely

Guest Columnist I have an apology to make.

It’s been a while since my last column in The Daily Beacon. A little over 36 years, in fact, since you’ve heard from me. I’ve been preoccupied.

Last time you saw this byline, I was an awkward kid about to graduate with vague notions of becoming a war correspondent. But there weren’t many wars at the time, at least none that suited me.

So I’ve found ways to kill time. I’ve been a crowd-control operative, an Egyptian museum guide, a criminal-defense investigator, an assistant editor of a national fiction magazine, an associate editor of a national women’s magazine, the entertainment editor for a city magazine, a humor writer for a monthly laundromat poster, the host of a podcast talk show, a co-host of a live-audience radio show, a columnist, reporter and contributing editor for a couple of different weekly newspapers.

Of the seven newspapers or magazines of which I’ve been a staff contributor, The Daily Beacon is the only one that’s still in business.

It’s been a tough 36 years for print journalism.

You just never know. Lately, I’m in charge of an organization called the Knoxville History Project. We take on research and writing jobs, large and small. I also give happy-hour talks and walking tours. A couple of weeks ago, I gave a Homecoming tour of UT’s campus.

It’s an interesting campus, by the way. As a student, I didn’t know that. I didn’t hear many

stories about the campus. If there were traditions, they didn’t invite me. The Hill was the Hill, but The Rock was just a rock. Neyland’s end zones weren’t checkerboards. It was all artificial turf. UT was modern, and therefore — proudly — just the same as everywhere else.

I was a senior when I drove over to Chapel Hill to visit my sister at UNC. She’d been there only a few months, but she already knew the legends of the campus: Silent Sam, the Old Well, McCorkle Place, the Davie Poplar, the Bell Tower.

Chapel Hill fascinated me. I’d grown up around the UT campus, had relatives who attended and worked there. I didn’t know any stories except about football. I assumed there weren’t any.

There are. And stories play a role. Recent administrations have emphasized the drive to make UT a Top 25 Research University. As a reporter, I often heard that quest cited to me as a reason for sometimes-controversial development choices.

But there’s one thing Top 25 research universities have in common besides academic prestige. Like Chapel Hill, they tell their stories.

I did a quick review of the current Top 25 Research Universities. Every one of them cherishes century-old buildings. I thought I would find a couple of exceptions, but I didn’t.

Even Caltech, in Pasadena, has a prominent administrative building older than Ayres Hall.

Several leading universities have buildings two centuries old or more. Harvard’s Massachusetts Hall is almost 300 years old; it’s heavily used as an administrative and residential building. A sense of history reflects any institution’s sense

of permanence and significance.

If UT were to join America’s top 25 research universities — and I hope we do — we’ll stand out in one regard: we’ll be the only one on the whole list that has saved no architectural remnant of our first 75 years.

If UT ever wants to do anything with its history, there’s still a lot to work with. Campus includes a Civil War battlefield; a unique Victorian-era park that was once a streetcar destination; an administration building that, as site of a siege by counterculture demonstrators, made national news; America’s oldest theater in the round; the home of a doomed aviator for whom an airport is named; a vivid setting for an Ingrid Bergman movie; an architecturally interesting landmark that hosted appearances by Frank Sinatra, Nina Simone, Gene Roddenberry, the Clash, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Carl Sandburg, Dick Gregory, John McCormack, Chick Webb and Tennessee Williams; a prehistoric Indian mound.

Even the Hill is more hallowed than I knew when I learned the alma mater. As startled construction workers discovered in the summer of 1826 when they dug the foundation for the first building on the Hill discovered with some surprise, it was a forgotten graveyard.

So let’s tell our stories. Need a practical purpose for history? Remembering where the bodies are buried can prevent unpleasant surprises.

Jack Neely is a journalist, author and executive director of the Knoxville History Project. He can be reached at jack@jackneely.com.

HISTORICISSUE

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Remembering the 1982 World’s Fair, its inventions Cat Trieu

Staff Writer 1982 marked a special year in Knoxville’s history: The World’s Fair brought people from all over the world to Knoxville to see exciting new inventions, food and international displays.

The World’s Fair helped transform Knoxville from a small old industrial and college town to a bustling and innovative city with a vintage charm.

“It (World’s Fair) was an amazing thing for a city the size of Knoxville,” Steve Cotham, Knox County historian and head of the McClung Historical Collection, said.

The fair’s theme, “Energy Turns Our World,” debuted many inventions pertaining to energy and its practical applications.

The most famous inventions that were presented at the fair included touchscreen monitors, the Rubik’s cube and Cherry Coke.

Jack Neely, executive director of the Knoxville History Project and crowd controller at the World’s Fair, described the touchscreen monitor as “the most significant thing introduced at the fair,” since it was the “great-grand-daddy” of the smartphones we have today.

“It was demonstrated by a technician in the

U.S. Pavilion, one of those things you had to look fast to notice,” Neely said.

Cotham noted that another technological invention debuted there was an early version of the cordless phone, a predecessor to modern phones.

While we may not see touch screens and Cherry Coke as staple Knoxville items, the Sunsphere and the amphitheater remain two of Knoxville’s star symbols.

“They still resonate as a part of history,” Cotham said. “The idea was that it was going to be an iconic structure.”

The Sunsphere, which was built solely for the World’s Fair, contributed heavily to the event’s theme.

“The Sunsphere became the fair’s theme structure,” Neely said. “It was an energy exposition, and the Sunsphere symbolizes the source of all energy on Earth.”

Even though the World Fair took place over 30 years ago, the Sunsphere still stands as Knoxville’s signature structure.

“It’s the first thing kids think of when they draw a picture of Knoxville,” Neely said.

While the Sunsphere serves as the most popular symbol of Knoxville, the amphitheater that was built for a majority of the performances in the 1982 World’s Fair is still used as a perfor-

mance space today.

While proud of the amphitheater, Doug McCarty, UT Architecture and Design alumnus who was the lead designer of the Tennessee Amphitheater, emphasizes the World’s Fair’s impact on the overall landscape of the valley, as the preparation for the World Fair transformed the valley from a “derelict” place into a “very nice park for the community.”

While the Sunsphere and amphitheater are edifices demonstrating the architectural impact of the World’s Fair on Knoxville, Petro’s Chili and Chips contributes to the alimental impact.

Petro’s made its debut in the 1982 World’s Fair through Joe and Carol Schoentrup, a couple from Spokane, Washington.

Previously called “Petroleum Belly” to fit the fair theme, the name was shortened to Petro’s, and it became the Knoxville-based franchise people know today.

Petro’s had a “Retro Petro Day” on which they reduced the prices of Petro’s fare to $2, which was the price in 1982, to celebrate their 35th anniversary this year. Petro’s also sells coffee mugs with a World’s Fair theme.

The World’s Fair introduced touchscreens and Cherry Coke to the world and brought about the Sunsphere, amphitheater and Petro’s to Knoxville.

The Sunsphere is an iconic landmark left by the 1982 World’s Fair.

Moses York / Contributor Walking through the city, it’s clear that the atmosphere of the 1982 World’s Fair is still alive today.

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The Daily Beacon • Thursday, November 16, 2017

Mabry-Hazen House is a historic place with a grusome background Emily Lewellyn Contributor

Patrick Hollis, interim director of the historic Mabry-Hazen House, said the Historic Homes of Knoxville community seeks not only to preserve the history of the town but also to preserve the surrounding nature. The land on which Mabry-Hazen House resides is an arboretum. Walking along the pathway to the house, visitors can view the Cumberland Mountains on one side and the Smokies on the other.

The Mabry-Hazen house was built in 1858, and three generations of the same family occupied it. The Mabrys were a wealthy power force in early Knoxville.

Joseph Alexander Mabry II was the patriarch of this family. At the age of 11, Mabry received a substantial inheritance when his father died, and he multiplied the wealth via railroad and land business ventures.

He and William Swan donated the parcel of land known today as Market

Square. They required that the land was to be used a marketplace for the city, as Mabry foresaw commerce moving away from the river and toward the railroad. If the land ever became anything other than a market, the pair stipulated that ownership would revert back to the Mabry family. In the 1960s, Joseph Alexander’s granddaughter used this clause to save the square from becoming a parking garage.

Though Mabry was a Confederate, the hill the home sits on was occupied by both Union and Confederate forces during the Civil War, and the home itself was also used as headquarters for troops of both armies.

By 1881, Mabry’s finances had taken a downward turn, and he got into quarrels with other wealthy individuals. After a dispute over land ownership, Mabry vowed to shoot Thomas O’Connor the next time he laid eyes on him. The next day on Gay Street, Mabry spotted O’Connor.

See MABRY-HAZEN on Page 5

HISTORICISSUE

MABRY-HAZEN continued from Page 4

Before he could pull his weapon, O’Connor reached back into a bank to retrieve a shotgun and killed Mabry.

Mabry’s son heard the commotion down the street, and he ran to the scene where he shot O’Connor but not before being inflicted with a wound of his own.

Three men lay dead from the debacle; Mark Twain recounted the incident in his book “Life on the Mississippi.”

Alice, Mabry’s daughter, married Rush Hazen, whose name can be found on several bridges around Knoxville due to his financial contributions and service on city council. They had three daughters, the youngest of whom was Evelyn Hazen.

Evelyn had the same fiery attitude as her ancestors. She attended UT as an English major and was a member of Chi Omega, becoming a New York Times correspondent. She was quite active at the university and was later secretary to John C. Hodges.

From 1917 to 1932, Evelyn was in a relationship with Ralph Scharringhaus.

They were engaged, but Scharringhaus repeatedly put off a wedding, offering several excuses. He eventually broke up with

Thursday, November 16, 2017 • The Daily Beacon

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her in a letter, and Evelyn began plots to murder him.

Someone talked her out of the act, but she was eventually committed to an asylum.

After gaining leave, Evelyn sued Ralph for seduction and breach of promise to marry.

In 1934, she won the trial and received $80,000 in the midst of the Great Depression.

The trial and details of the relationship were The Mabry-Hazen house was built in 1858, and three generations of the same family occupied it. broadcasted not Hannah Jones / The Daily Beacon only in Knoxville but were also feaHazen residence was owned by the fam- The historic home is located close to UT’s tured in LIFE magazine.

Evelyn became an outcast in Knoxville ily, which is an unusual and remarkable campus at 1711 Dandridge Ave. Director Patrick Hollis mentioned that after the trial, an eccentric recluse in feature in historic homes.

The Mabry-Hazen House is hosting he wished that more UT students would her home. She died in 1987, leaving the dilapidated and cat-laden house to become its Christmas events Dec. 9-10. During wander over to the Mabry-Hazen home, a museum. After five years of renovation, the celebration, the house will be open at offering any current UT student who the Mabry-Hazen home opened to the night, be decorated for the holiday season reads this article and mentions it a halfpublic. Nearly every object in the Mabry- and be host to several in-house historians. price house tour.

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The Daily Beacon • Thursday, November 16, 2017

Family legacy continues at UT for the Nehls family Kylie Hubbard

Asst. News Editor For Mary Beth Nehls, the Big Orange family extends far past her campus life.

Mary Beth Nehls, a freshman studying economics and public administration, is part of the fourth generation of her family to attend UT. Although Mary Beth Nehls said her family would have been happy no matter which school she attended, she ultimately selected UT, starting her freshman year in 2017.

Mary Beth Nehls explained that she was happy she chose UT and that the campus environment has quickly become her “home sweet home.”

“The environment is extremely welcoming, and I feel like I am totally at home here,” Mary Beth Nehls said. “That being said, I know they are still quite happy that I chose UT.” For generations, the Nehls family have called UT their home, with the first beginning in the early 1900s.

Leslie Tubb and Iva Benton composed the first generation of the succession to graduate from UT. Tubb graduated in 1912, and Benton graduated in 1928. The family takes great pride in Benton, as she was one of the earlier female graduates from the school.

The second generation included James Warwick Nehls and Mary Ellen (Tubb) Nehls. James Nehls received his bachelor’s degree in 1948, his master’s degree in 1950 and his doctorate in 1952. Mary Ellen Nehls graduated in 1949 and was one of the original proofreaders for the Harbrace Handbook of English for Hodges Library in 1947.

James Warwick Nehls Jr., John Leslie Nehls, Mary Katharine Nehls and Cheryl Jo (Luneack) Nehls composed the third generation. James Nehls Jr. received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from UT in 1980 and 1984, respectively. Mary Katherine Nehls graduated in 1988 and 1990, receiving her bachelor’s and master’s diplomas.

John and Cheryl Nehls met at UT and both graduated in 1988; John had already received his bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering in 1984 and went back to get his master’s degree in finance, and Cheryl received her bachelor’s degree in graphic design and illustration.

Mary Beth Nehls said her parents talk about the good ‘ole days often, especially since the university played a crucial role in their lives.

“My parents met at UT in the Christian Student Center, so the school is very special to them, and they have lots of wonderful stories from their days here,” Mary Beth Nehls said. “My mother loves to talk about

Courtesy of Mary Beth Nehls the countless late nights she spent in the art and architecture building working on various projects.”

Her parents’ stories, along with the stories of her other family members, helped increase her love for her new home.

“Their stories definitely developed my love for UT,” Mary Beth Nehls said. “It gave the school a more (personal) element for me, where I already felt like I belonged here long before I even started thinking about college.”

Cheryl Nehls, Mary Beth’s mother, said her time on campus was mostly spent in the art building and reflected on the state of campus when she attended school.

“Since the Mac computer was just being introduced in the graphic design field, I never touched a computer during my time at UT,” Cheryl Nehls said. “I also had to use the library to study slides with a group of art students for art history exams.”

Although she had great memories, she remembered aspects of campus she did not like.

“My least favorite part of campus was walking the steps up the Hill during the winter,” Cheryl Nehls said.

John Nehls loved the Hill and said he spent most of his time in his undergraduate years on or around the Hill. Some of his favorite memories, though, came from football seasons during his time at UT. “In 1980, the university allotted 18,000

student tickets in an area that stretched from section C to R. We used to stand in line for hours to get tickets in the old U.C.,” John Nehls said. “(The) Alabama game once had the line stretch from the ticket office, out the Stadium Drive entrance, along the sidewalk to Cumberland, then zig-zag around the front of the building, then back along Volunteer to the library.”

He said the love for orange and white was strong, and he couldn’t imagine the student body organizing an “Empty Neyland” protest.

“I cannot conceive of an ‘Empty Neyland,’” John Nehls said. “We supported the team and the school regardless.”

Mary Beth’s sister, Holly Nehls, graduated with a degree in history and political science in May of 2017. Her decision was based on many factors, and it was one she hasn’t regretted.

“My favorite part of being on campus was the comfort I felt. I never felt judged or out of place while walking amongst my peers,” Holly Nehls said. “We were all Vols and all working through similar situations.”

She said watching campus change was one thing she liked to see. Her favorite change was the addition of the pedestrian bridge because it meant she didn’t have to walk downhill before walking back up the Hill.

“Campus changes are always bittersweet.

It is good that the campus is growing and

evolving, but it is sad to see buildings torn down that contain many memories,” Holly Nehls said. “Freshman year is pivotal in a student’s life, so watching the freshman area change is a little sad.”

Cheryl Nehls commented on the new landscaping and water features that have been added to campus since her time at UT. “I like the effort being made to beautify the campus,” Cheryl Nehls said.

John Nehls also felt the changes on campus have made positive impacts. He specifically praised the new engineering and science buildings and the updates to housing.

His least favorite change has been the demolition of Stokely Athletics Center.

“That was like losing an old friend,” John Nehls said. “So many exciting memories there.”

No matter the changes, Cheryl Nehls said she will always take pride in having attended UT and was glad her daughters continued the tradition.

“I’m proud to have attended UTK,” Cheryl Nehls said. “I met my husband on campus, and now I have one daughter who has graduated and another who is a freshman.”

Mary Beth Nehls would love to see her children carry on the tradition but planned to follow her parents’ example.

“While it would be very special if my children did attend UT,” Mary Beth Nehls said.

“I will not place that expectation on them.”

HISTORICISSUE

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Neyland Stadium’s history reflects Volunteer spirit Gabriela Szymanowska Senior Staff Writer

Neyland Stadium now has a 102,455-seat capacity, but it began with only 17 rows. Its growth and history reveal its rich tradition of embodying the Volunteer spirit.

Neyland Stadium represents a huge part of the Volunteer community and spirit via its roaring crowds. For Kevin Zurcher, assistant director of facilities and grounds, Neyland Stadium is a Knoxville icon.

“Growing up, it’s just always been the icon to me in Knoxville. You know Neyland Stadium, and to see it grow like that, the fans come in and fill the seats, it’s just a very special place to actually play in and work for, so for me, it’s very exciting,” Zurcher said. “This is the most exciting part, just to be able to get back to the fans and the concourses, concessions (and) restrooms, and we’re working on the technology part, so the Wi-Fi and Dash system.”

Today, the stadium is the fifth-largest stadium in the United States, right behind Texas A&M’s Kyle Field, which holds 102,733, and Ohio State’s Ohio Stadium, which seats 104,944.

“The main thing that I would say is we used to play on a field called Wait Field, and we played on that field until 1921. That field was right across from Student Center, and there’s a building sitting there right now, but that was at one time the football field, back in 1914,” Bud Ford, associate assistant director and former associate director of media relations, said.

In 1921, W.S. Shields, president of Knoxville’s City National Bank and a newly appointed UT trustee, helped pay the University Realty Company’s debt that had been garnered by the purchasing of a seven-acre tract of land to build a physical

“ We used to play on a field called Wait Field, and we played on that field until 1921. That field was right across from Student Center, and there’s a building sitting there right now, but that was one time back in 1914.”

Bud Ford, Associate Assistant Director

“ As a 13-year-old boy living in Knoxville, I actually sold Cokes. I was a vendor for Cokes for football games.”

Kevin Zurcher, Assistant Director

Emily Gowder / The Daily Beacon education athletic field. In honor of Shields and his wife, Alice Watkins, the trustees who accepted the aid honored Shields by naming the field Shields-Watkins Field.

Though the stands were completed before Thanksgiving of that year, the field remained an expanse of dirt heaps. To fix this, the All-Students’ Club planned a “Campus Day” for March 16, 1921, designed to help finish the field in just three days to host the first baseball game against Cincinnati University.

Students, faculty and workers installed drainage, removed six inches of hard clay and trucked in 400 yards of cinders for the field. In eight hours, the workers completed most of the field but required an additional day to finish, which they did just in time to host the first intercollegiate game on ShieldsWatkins field.

In 1926, N.W. Dougherty hired Brig. Gen. Robert Neyland to be the head football coach.

“The chairman of our athletics board, or our Athletes’ Association, was Nathan W. Dougherty … he was an engineer, and he hired a football coach named Robert R. Neyland in 1926. Robert Neyland was a captain in the ROTC unit, but he was also an engineer by trade. That was what his Army training was, as an engineer,” Ford said. “So, a lot of what happened in the stadium during

those years was due to Nathan Dougherty and General Neyland both being engineers.”

In the 1930s, the Athletes’ Association convinced the university that student-athletes should live on campus, so the football players moved into Humes Hall until Dougherty moved them to live in a four-floor hall in the stadium. The band also received a practice room under the east stands.

In later years, the dorms would be transformed into offices and classrooms, including the office of William Mass, professor of forensic anthropology, who had a classroom under the stadium. His cadavers were those which prompted the now-common myth of the body farm under the field.

Neyland saw many renovations of the stadium take place. Artificial turf was installed; the east stands’ capacity was expanded from 3,600 to 6,800; 17 more west stands were added, increasing capacity to 17,860; rows 18 and 19 were converted into box seats; the stadium’s capacity was increased to 19,360 and eventually to a horseshoe-shaped stadium that could hold 46,390 people. Before his death, Neyland saw the beginning of the construction of a large press box surmounting the upper deck but died before its completion in 1962.

Neyland left behind a career record of 173 victories, 32 losses and 12 ties in 21

seasons and a legacy of focusing on athletes’ academic careers. This latter fact led the UT Development Council to start a campaign to raise $100,000 for academic scholarships in his name.

In 1963, Bob Woodruff, a Vol tackle of the late 1930s, returned to his alma mater and saw to the construction of the north-end bleachers, which increased the stadium’s capacity to 54,420. The bleachers were not finished before the 1966 season began, but a new scoreboard behind the bleachers was ready for use.

The 1972 season began with another addition to the stadium: 6,221 elevated seats were added above the western half of the horseshoe, and lights were added to allow the team to play on cool, dark September evenings. Sept. 16, 1972, the Vols played their first night game in Neyland Stadium against Penn State and won 28-21.

Zurcher described how he has seen the stadium change from the time he was a 13-year-old vendor for Coca-Cola to his days of being a receiver on the football team to today when he serves as the director of facilities.

“When I was playing, I played in the late ‘80s, so it’s obviously a little bigger now then it was when I played, but as a player, I didn’t see a whole lot of outside the field. I didn’t see the concourses,” Zurcher said. “However, as a 13-year-old boy living in Knoxville, I actually sold Cokes. I was a vendor for Cokes for football games.

“That’s how I was able to get into the game, and so I got to see a lot then and just the massive crowds and things like that. But now that I’ve become the facilities director, I guess we went through the renovations in the mid-2000s where we improved the fan amenities on the north end and the west side.”

The stadium’s most recent history saw a switch from artificial turf to grass and new technology installed to better the experience of the fans. Now the university plans to renovate the stadium once again on the south and east sides, improving fan amenities and continuing to add to the history of the stadium.

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The Daily Beacon • Thursday, November 16, 2017

HISTORICISSUE

Who were Tennessee’s coaches before Robert Neyland?

Tyler Wombles

Sports Editor With Butch Jones out as the head coach of the Tennessee football team, the Vols will have a new face roaming the sidelines next season.

The program has seen its fair share of coaches throughout its history: 23 have held the position.

Names such as Phillip Fulmer and Robert Neyland stand out among the crowd. Lesser known, though, are the men that led the team during its earliest stages, all before Neyland made the Vols a powerhouse.

J.A. Pierce: (1899-1900) Pierce was the first coach in program history, taking the job in 1899 and leading the team for two seasons. He compiled a 9-4-1 overall record at the helm, including a 2-3-1 mark in conference play. Before coaching at Tennessee, Pierce attended and graduated from Lafayette College in Pennsylvania.

Gilbert Kelly: (1901) Kelly was born in Washington D.C. and played football at Princeton University before succeeding Pierce as the head coach of Tennessee. He notched a 3-3-2 overall record during the 1901 season, finishing with a 1-1-2 conference record.

Hubert Fisher: (1902-1903) Fisher also played at Princeton University

prior to serving as the third head coach in Tennessee football history, leading the team for two seasons in 1902 and 1903 and accumulating a 10-7 record. After coaching at Tennessee, he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, a member of the Tennessee Senate and the United States district attorney for West Tennessee.

Sax Crawford: (1904) Crawford played at Tennessee in 1901 and 1902 before taking the helm in 1904. He led Tennessee to a 3-5-1 overall record during his one season as head coach. Crawford is known for being the first coach in program history to notch a win against rival Alabama.

James DePree: (1905-1906) DePree holds the distinction of having coached two separate sports at Tennessee: football and baseball. He coached the football team from 1905 to 1906 and also started the school’s basketball program. Before making his coaching mark at Tennessee, Depree was a fullback for the football team at the University of Michigan.

George Levene: (1907-1909) After playing football as an end at Philadelphia University, Levene was an assistant under legendary coach John Heisman, the namesake of the Heisman trophy. He led Tennessee to a 15-10-3 record from 1907 through 1909 before coaching at Wake Forest. Levene finished his

career with an 18-15-5 overall record over four years of head coaching.

Lex Stone: (1910) Stone played football as a tackle for Sewanee University then coached Tennessee for one season in 1910.

Stone notched a 3-5-1 record at the helm of the squad. Following his tenure at Tennessee, Stone served as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1913 to 1915.

Zora Clevenger: (1911-1915) Following the lead of Depree, Neyland Stadium’s JumboTron displays Clevenger coached football, basketball former head coaches Butch Jones and and baseball at Tennessee after heading Nebraska Wesleyan for three seasons. Robert Neyland.

He coached at the school for five years, Adrien Terricabras / The Daily Beacon from 1911 through 1915, accumulating of Houston, where he helped the athletic teams a 26-15-2 overall record. Following his coaching acquire the Cougars nickname. career at Tennessee, Clevenger served as athletic M.B. Banks: (1921-1925) director and football coach for Kansas State. He After playing quarterback at Syracuse later worked as athletic director for Missouri and University, Banks coached at Centre College and Indiana. He is recognized in the College Football Drake University before leading the program at Hall of Fame as a player.

Tennessee. It was during Banks’ tenure that the John Bender: (1916, 1919-1920) school’s teams began to associate themselves Bender coached at Tennessee in 1916, 1919 with the iconic orange color of today. He later and 1920, notching an 18-5-4 record. He also led coached at Knoxville Central High School and the basketball team, winning 29 games and losHartwick College, where he led the basketball ing 15. After his time at Tennessee, Bender was and baseball teams and served as the athletic a physical education teacher at the University director.

PUZZLES&GAMES

Thursday, November 16, 2017 • The Daily Beacon

9

STR8TS No. 1048

Easy

Previous solution - Tough

6 9 8 5 8 6 9 7 9 8 7 6 7 5 8 3 4 2 5 6 4 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 2

1 6 8

5 5 6 1 8 9 8 4 4 6 8 2 3 8 5 2 6 4

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5 6 7 3 4 8

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8 2 3 1 6 4 5 7 9

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The solutions will be published here in the next issue.

4 6 7 9 2 5 8 3 1

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3 1 9 6 4 8 7 2 5

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4 6

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31 Got some action

1 Like a hermit

15 Score after opening with an ace, informally

For many strategies, hints and tips, visit www.sudokuwiki.org If you like Str8ts, Sudoku and other puzzles, check out our books, iPhone/iPad Apps and much more on our store at www.str8ts.com

18 Singer of the Wagner aria â&#x20AC;&#x153;Liebestodâ&#x20AC;?

21

36 Company added to the Dow 30 in 2013

24

39 Scenery chewer

46 Box at the gym?

24 Root used in perfumery

47 Bad news on the stock market

25 James ___, 199094 New Jersey governor

48 Part of a record

22

10

11

12

13

14

28

29

30

23

25

26

27

31

32

33

34

35

50 Quick shots 51 Many people take them to bed nowadays

27 Joint flare-up?

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE R A T E S

A I R W O M E N

A M A S A N D W I C H B A G

36

37 39

40

38

41

42

43

44

46

47

48

49

50

51

45

49 Lowdown sneak

26 Noodle soup noodle

I T T Y

9

20

22 Feature of Namibia and Libya

T A M A R A

8

34 Goes over the line?

44 Dubonnet or Campari

L E A F

7

18

42 Grinders, of a sort

T R I F O C A L

6

19

21 Looks forward to the next spring?

A G R I B O G I L I Z D Z E M A N O S L O S H E L H E A I N Y

5

33 Station that people once looked up to

43 Tree favored by giraffes

M E O W

4

16

20 Make a feast of

U N I X

3

38 Draw toward dark

19 Least cool

S O R E

2

17

37 Dr. Brody of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Raiders of the Lost Arkâ&#x20AC;?

17 Catch of all catches, of a sort

1 15

32 Method of fishing

9 Response to a sophomoric comment

16 Secret ___

No. 1048

8 5

NEW YORK TIMES CROSSWORD â&#x20AC;˘ Will Shortz

B A B Y D O L L S

M A D E N O S E N S E

I C E D O V E R

R H D I U N H O

T H I E V E S A D K E A N U

C H U M I E V E G N E D S A S A A L L H E A P A D O C R E S A N D Y S A T E D B O L O A M E D S E A D

DOWN 1 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Should there be any question â&#x20AC;Śâ&#x20AC;?

2 Corn on the cob, e.g.

3 Replaced, as on a computer 4 Shows the way 5 Force in the Battle of Dunkirk 6 Shakespeareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s First and Second Folios, e.g.

7 Spacewalks, in NASA lingo 8 It covers bridges, typically 9 Primitive cooking equipment 10 Situated (in)

11 Alitoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s predecessor on the Supreme Court 12 Toon who uses his middle initial

29 Waterway that lent its name to two French departments 30 Students arriving late?

13 High styles

32 Most airheaded

14 Ones always banging their heads against things?

35 Clam

23 Female factory workers in W.W. II, informally 25 West Coast locale mentioned in â&#x20AC;&#x153;(Sittinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; On) The Dock of the Bayâ&#x20AC;?

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27 Some fruit pastries

42 Intervening, at law

28 Like store brands vis-Ă -vis name brands, typically

45 â&#x20AC;&#x153;How ___ are they that have not patience!â&#x20AC;?: Iago

10

HISTORICISSUE

The Daily Beacon • Thursday, November 16, 2017

The ‘hidden city’ under Kellie Veltri

Opinions Editor Every day, people walk along Block 100 of Gay Street near the Old City without having any idea that there is a secret part of Knoxville hiding below them.

There are several urban legends about the history of this “hidden city,” also referred to as “underground Knoxville.” Some people believe that it is the seedy underbelly of the town, and others think that it originated with the Manhattan Project.

Although there was a network of limestone caves throughout the city and at least one tunnel under Gay Street used for shipping, the actual history of this hidden city isn’t as colorful as it sounds. There is not a network of buildings or streets under the town.

Instead, the road pedestrians use is raised a story above ground on a support structure. The area below the street itself is filled with dirt. The only open areas are below the sidewalks, where the entrances to the buildings’ former first floors are located.

Executive Director of the Knoxville History project Jack Neely describes the feature as “a series of interesting basements,” but he is no stranger to the misconceptions of the city.

“I grew up hearing that there was something like a streetscape down there, with old street lamps and storefronts and signage,” Neely said in an email. “I’d swear I even saw a photograph of something like that in one of the newspapers, about 40 years ago. But I’ve done a lot of exploring with property owners over the last 20 years, and have never seen anything of that nature.”

Like the rest of Knoxville, downtown was once hilly, and Gay Street dropped steeply on the north side past Summit Hill. At the drop, there was a high-traffic railroad crossing which carried large numbers of people and goods, and many people had to travel over the rail yards. The area was a safety hazard, and the incline from the southern rail yards caused traffic problems for pedestrians.

In a massive, expensive undertaking in 1919,

the city leveled the street by building the Gay Street Viaduct over the rail yards. The viaduct raised the street to the second floor level of most of the tall buildings on either side and the third and fourth floor levels of a few others.

This allowed vehicles and pedestrians to move across the railroad tracks more efficiently and eliminated prior safety concerns.

“When it was constructed there was no idea of preserving a ‘cool space.’ They were simply being practical. Also, all the sewage, cable, electrical and other infrastructure is located below — and remember — it was a such a sharp decline in the first place that it was difficult,” Alan Sims, local blogger for InsideofKnoxville. com, said in an email.

The Tennessee Department of Transportation rebuilt the viaduct in 2005 and 2006, and the first major repairs were made to its support structure in 2009. These repairs fixed the weakened infrastructure, and cosmetic changes were made on the surface level, including wider sidewalks and the addition of more benches, trees and bike racks.

It is difficult to see the old first level from the street since new buildings have been built and older ones have been remodeled. However, subterranean balconies, complete with chairs and plants, can be seen when looking down from the sidewalk in front of the Commerce Building on the east side of the street.

Sims also suggested that a few of these spots could be developed, given the right opportunity.

“Depending on how the plans are set for the re-build, that space could be preserved or forever lost,” Sims said.

Neely said the unusual and mysterious nature of the viaduct is the reason it is a point of interest for Knoxville citizens.

“I’m just intrigued with the unusual aspect of it and interested in the potential of what could be done with them that would make downtown Knoxville different from any other city I’ve seen. It’s already maybe Knoxville’s most densely populated block, and one thing that makes it unusual is that many of the residences are below the street level,” Neely said.

HISTORICISSUE

Thursday, November 16, 2017 • The Daily Beacon

11

UT ROTC continues tradition as the oldest land-grant program Kylie Hubbard

Asst. News Editor Serving as the oldest land-grant university military program, UT’s Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) is revered by alumni across the nation.

The ROTC program exists to train commissioned officers for the U.S. military. Students in the program attend college just as any student would while they also learn basic military skills to prepare for military service.

Captain Morgan Berg, assistant professor of military science, said ROTC itself did not begin until 1916 in preparation for World War I. “That’s where ROTC as a nationwide thing comes from,” Berg said. “With that said, here at the university, it has gone through different phases.”

Albert Miller Lea, West Point military academy graduate, organized a Dragoon Infantry, an infantry that uses horses to march but not to fight, in 1844, and a uniform was soon adopted which quickly became famous across the nation.

When former Tennessee governor Aaron Brown asked for 2,800 troops to help in the Mexican-American war in 1846, 30,000 Tennesseans volunteered, including UT Dragoons. The large number of volunteers solidified Tennessee’s title as the Volunteer state.

The Dragoons’ legacy lives on in the present day in the Army ROTC’s color guard. The color guard is revered as a place of honor, as cadets who participate carry and present the nation’s flag at various events.

“They lead every Vol walk. They marched in the inauguration parade with the Pride of the Southland Marching Band,” Berg said.

“They are best known because the uniforms that they wear are not modern-day army uniforms; they wear the original uniforms

from 1844.”

The small group of members making up the Dragoons go through a lengthy selection process.

“To get into that company you can’t just join it, there’s a lot of special things. You have to pass a board and get accepted into the company,” Berg said. “It’s almost like a little fraternity within ROTC.” The next change to the program came in 1867 with the passage of the Land-Grant College Act. The act provided the funds for military programs to place their primary focus on teaching, specifically teaching military tactics.

Almost 50 years after that act, the National Defense Act of 1916 began the ROTC program that the university participates in today.

The act created government funding for parts of uniforms for students, and graduates were offered commissions as second lieutenants.

Air Corps training was added to the program in 1946 in response to the end of the second World War. The Armed Forces Unification Act of 1947 separated the Air Corps from the Army ROTC into its own program: Air Force ROTC. Berg said that prior to the 1960s, ROTC was required of all male students but that the program has always received significant support no matter who participated.

“Up until, I believe, the early ‘60s, ROTC was a required course here at the university.

Every male at the university had to take it at least one or two years,” Berg said. “And then after that, it became an optional course, and we’ve just always enjoyed great service from the school, very supportive.”

As the program became optional, more study focuses were offered to cadets. Modern cadets participate in a four-year program designed to equip students with the tools necessary to become an officer in the military while they take regular class schedules.

“The idea behind the ROTC program is to commission new officers for the Army,” Berg

“ It’s an interesting thing to become a new officer. I became an officer when I was 36 or 37 years old; these guys do it when they are 22. So at the age of 22, you’re immediately in charge of about 60 to 70 kids that are only a couple of years younger than you.”

Captain Morgan Berg, Assistant Professor

Courtesy of UT Army ROTC said. “So the first year is really focused on an introduction to the Army.”

The introductory year covers basic concepts related to the U.S. military, such as uniforms, traditions and the program itself.

Following the first year is a year dedicated to learning how to follow and how to be a soldier within a unit.

“Before you can lead, you have to learn how to follow,” Berg said.

The third year of the program is devoted to tactics and teaching cadets basic infantry.

Most of the time is dedicated to introducing cadets to war and giving them ample opportunities to train in the field.

The last year is spent with the colonel, when cadets learn the art of leading as an officer. Berg said the pressure put on the cadets to reach this level produces extremely mature graduates.

“It’s an interesting thing to become a new officer. I became an officer when I was 36 or 37 years old; these guys do it when they are 22. So at the age of 22, you’re immediately in charge of about 60 to 70 kids that are only a couple years younger than you,” Berg said.

“So, there’s a lot to know about maturity.”

This maturity was something Austin Gentile, third-year cadet studying kinesiology, said he has had to learn.

“I’ve matured a lot from it. It has taught me how to be a leader, it has taught me how to relate to people. Everybody’s different. There (are) different ways to be a leader, and there (are) different ways that these people respond to leadership,” Gentile said. “Being in ROTC, representing the United States Army, repre-

senting the school, you know there’s a sense of professionalism that you need to have.”

The completion of the program gives cadets the opportunity to take three main career paths: active duty as a full-time military officer, a reserve officer serving part-time or serving in the national guard.

No matter students’ choices, Gentile said that their time in the Vol Army instills a sense of pride.

“Having the amount of alumni just look at you and then knowing that you are representing what they had already established, it’s awesome,” Gentile said.

Gentile said he has signed a four-year obligation to the Army, something that he said most of his fellow cadets have already done. Past his future obligation, Gentile said participating in the Vol Army has given him a newfound respect for his heritage and UT heritage.

“He was never part of the program, but my dad was here. And my sister was here, and being able to say that I get to carry on the traditions of the Vol Army is a pretty cool experience,” Gentile said.

For Berg, as a 1996 UT alumnus, helping educate the UT Army has given him a sense of knowing exactly where he should be.

“I was considering retiring, and the person who manages my career for the Army asked me if I’d like to teach. And I said sure, and he said, ‘Where would you like to go?’ And it was the only place I could think of that I did want to go, and it was here. Having gone here, it’s nice to be home,” Berg said. “I couldn’t think of a better place to be; I love it here.”

12

HISTORICISSUE

The Daily Beacon • Thursday, November 16, 2017

Student government reflects on their past successes Annie Tieu

News Editor For nearly 100 years, the UT Student Government Association (SGA) has served as a voice for UT students.

SGA was previously known as the All Students’ Club and was started by secret honors society the Scarabbean Senior Society in 1919. Since its name change to SGA in 1962, the group has served to “provide the student body with a means to deal with the affairs of students and as a forum for the expression of student views concerning student life within the university.”

SGA is comprised of six branches: the executive cabinet, the judicial branch, administrative committees, student Senate, student services and First-Year Council. Some branches, like administrative committees and student services, have various sub-committees within them.

Morgan Hartgrove, Mickey Curtis Jr. and Hunter Jones are the student body president, vice president and student services director, respectively. This year, the three have both worked on new initiatives and continued old initiatives.

“It’s certainly a mix (of initiatives), and it’s a mix every single year,” Hartgrove, senior in College Scholars, said. “I’m taking credit for some things Carson (Hollingsworth, 2016-17 SGA president) did, and I know that the next president is going to be taking credit for things that we’ve done.”

Hartgrove said SGA has become more accessible to students this year; new initiatives started this year include the goal to save students $1 million on open educational resources, which are freely accessible, openly licensed digital assets used for teaching and research purposes.

Curtis, senior in nursing, said he has attempted to make changes with Senate and First-Year Council, challenging the ideas of what it means to be in these positions with volunteering and attending diverse events to gain different perspectives.

“This year, I’m taking a more Torchbearer effect and idea,” Curtis said. “So, instead of just legislating and voting on bills, what more can we

do to embody what it means to be a Volunteer?”

Hunter, senior in animal science, has worked on reevaluating the effectiveness and functions of student services committees.

“Internally, something that we’ve focused on this year is flushing out our structure … reimagining them and putting our own twist on it to help the student body,” Jones said. “Because if these areas within SGA are functioning well, they service the entire student body that much better.”

When it comes to SGA projects, Hartgrove said that executive members can begin initiatives and hope that the next members continues them.

“It’s like a race,” Hartgrove said. “You carry the baton as far as you can, and the next person picks it up, and you do it again.”

Both Hartgrove and Curtis started in SGA as freshmen. Hartgrove began in the Traditions committee, and Curtis Jr. began SGA as a senator for the College of Nursing and in Traditions.

Unlike Hartgrove and Curtis Jr., Jones was not heavily involved with SGA until becoming student services director.

Throughout their collective years, Hartgrove, Curtis and Jones have been able to witness developments between SGA and the rest of the university with administration and students.

After serving in various roles within student government, Hartgrove said she saw changes in SGA’s relationship with the diversity of SGA members.

“I think in the past, a lot of times, there was this culture of, ‘If you’re Greek, then you’ll probably be in SGA or probably be an SGA president.’

Very few of our presidents aren’t Greek, and I’m one of those,” Hartgrove said. “We’ve got a lot of different students who are involved in more diverse organizations, and so that’s great to see.

I can see that in the legislation that they present and in the ideas that they bring to student services committee. I think that’s amazing.”

All three executive cabinet members said that they had seen changes in the dynamics between SGA and the student body. In the past, Hartgrove said many SGA events were for members only and that the organization was more exclusive than inclusive.

“A lot of the events we did were only SGA members … just very closed off,” Hartgrove said.

We’re really trying to hear a better “perspective of the students, and I think that it’s changed.”

Mikey Curtis, Jr., SGA Vice President “And I think we’ve really tried to expand that where we let students just try it.”

Curtis also said that the organization has attempted to have more outside student engagement.

“We’re really trying to hear a better perspective of the students, and I think that it’s changed,” Curtis said. “When I was a first-year student, I didn’t know about it (SGA), … and a lot of my friends, we didn’t know about it at all.

But now, we’re being more overt to get it out there, more flyers saying, ‘Hey, let us know what you want. We want to hear it from you.”

While there have been some changes within the organization, they are not without their challenges. Hartgrove said one of the biggest challenges SGA executive members face is the one-year term limit.

“Your terms are so short,” Hartgrove said.

“And it’s hard because you just have to hope that the next administration that comes in sees things the way you did and they value the initiatives that you started, because it’s so easy for an initiative to just fall off the books if the next person doesn’t want to pick it up and carry it

the baton as far as you can, “andYouthecarry next person picks it up, and you do it again.”

Morgan Hartgrove, SGA President

Courtesy of SGA

further.”

Curtis said that another problem can be students’ reactions to the legislative process of SGA, as bills and other proposals must go through many channels before they can take form.

“I do believe that many students want to see the direct result of something; I get it,” Curtis said. “Some students want to see a result tomorrow, and that’s not necessarily how it happens because you have to go through so many people to talk to.”

While many students criticize SGA, Jones said that the relevance and importance of the organization comes from its service to students, acting as one of the channels between the student body and UT administration.

“SGA matters because SGA is the most comprehensive student advocacy group on campus,” Jones said. “We take into account the many different constituencies of students on campus and try to synthesize it down to where we can actually make some things happen for the students in a progressive manner. And we have the ability to see things holistically and then take action.”