Careers Guide 2024

Careers Guide

2024

Careers Guide

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Careers Guide

Authors Careers (Publications) Director

Clairessa Ng

Careers (Publications) Subcommittee

Jessica Trinh, Rabab Hafij, Mahima Rajendran, Anastasia Radeka, Ankana Dharmaratnam

Designer

Nina Haung

President

Alec Ramsbottom

Vice President (Careers)

Dillan Goro

Vice President (Sponsorships)

Selene Vuong

First Nations Representative

Huw Wiremu- Watson

Dean of UTS Faculty of Law

Anita Stuhmcke

Interviewed Legal Professionals

Thalia Anthony, Nicholas Stewart

Acknowledgement of Country

The UTS Law Students’ Society operates on the ancestral lands of the Traditional Custodians and Elders of this nation. As a body which strives to actively support the reconciliation process with Indigenous peoples, the UTS LSS acknowledges the Gadigal people of the Eora nation, the Boorooberongal people of the Dharug Nation, the Bidiagal people and the Gamaygal people upon whose ancestral lands our university stands. Furthermore, we pay our respects to the Elders past, present and emerging, acknowledging them as the traditional custodians of knowledge for these lands.

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Table of Contents Welcome Address First Nations Representative Dean Faculty of Law President Careers Publications Director Legal Ethics

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Admission into Practice

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Non Corportate Legal Practice Areas

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Criminal Family International Media Enviornmental Migration Legal Academia

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Practice Area Courts

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First Generation Law

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PLT

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Testimonials of Legal Professionals

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DIML Solicitors - Nicholas Stewart DIML Academia - Thalia Anthony

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Work Experience and Volunteering

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Sponsors

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Careers Guide

Welcome Address

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Welcome Address

First Nations Representative Introductory Statement: Hello, bujari gamarruwa and Kia ora! My name is Huw Wiremu-Watson and I am the First Nations Representative of the UTS Law Student Society for 2024.

I am proud to be Māori of the tribes Ngāti Tūwharetoa and Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi and I have a great passion to advocate for First Nations justice.

As the First Nations Representative, my goal is to connect and support all First Nations law students throughout the duration of their degree. I am dedicated to bolstering the involvement of First Nations law students within the array of exciting initiatives that have been planned for the year ahead.

Furthermore, I am here to ensure the availability of academic, cultural and/or well-being resources that may assist each and every one of you throughout the year.

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Huw Wiremu-Watson

Careers Guide

Dean of UTS Law Welcome to the UTS LSS Careers Guide 2024.

It is my pleasure to introduce this guide which provides excellent insights and handy tips for any application you may make across the wide range of career paths which open following your law degree.

Indeed your degree/legal qualification from the UTS Faculty of Law is highly sought after.

A legal qualification offers you the possibility of a career in the law or a related field.

This is the most tangible outcome of your legal studies.

That said you may not be certain as to your career choice. You may not know in what field.

You may not be sure you wish to join the legal profession. In this case this guide will also be of great assistance.

Indeed this guide would have been invaluable when I was a law student. I was ‘first in family’ to attend university. I certainly did not understand the flexibility of my legal education/qualification. I am now the Dean of the Faculty of Law yet it had never crossed my mind to take an academic career path. Indeed I commenced my career as a graduate at (what was then known as Freehill Hollingdale and Page) Herbert Simth Freehills until I discovered the joy of legal education and research as an academic. The lesson I learnt is to be open to where a law degree could take me and I am glad I did.

You may stay in legal practice or choose not to practice law – or like me you may begin to practice and move onto something different. The skills of UTS Law graduates are transferable and valuable across many professions, industries and diverse careers trajectories. So, please take the time to consider the options in this guide and never be afraid to deviate or try something new. UTS Law has the highest percentage of

Dr. Anita Stuhmcke graduate employment of any Sydney based law school. I encourage you to be confident in your skills, the knowledge you have gained through your studies at UTS and to make the most of the opportunities available to you due to your UTS legal education.

I regularly receive very positive feedback from law firms, judges, NGOs and alumni about the quality of UTS Law graduates. Articulate, work ready, industry focused and good team players are just some of the positive attributes listed. The feedback confirms what we know to be true of the UTS Law degree – that it is high quality legal education, intellectually rigorous with an emphasis upon skills.

So, it is with pleasure I invite you to read this guide from cover to cover. It is full of opportunity and ideas as to how you may apply both your legal qualification and your legal education. It offers many traditional and non-traditional career pathways for you to explore, addressing the wide range of professional possibilities open to you through your study of law at UTS Faculty of Law. My congratulations to the UTS LSS for once again putting together such an important and interesting Guide.

Enjoy!

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Welcome Address

President Deciding to plan a career in the legal sphere is often a daunting task, and requires many different choices over a long period of time.

Coming out of university with a law degree provides students with many opportunities, many of which are often not marketed alongside the traditional corporate pathways. It is our aim that this Careers Guide will place a spotlight on some of these alternate options and broaden your perspective on what is possible once you’ve finished your degree.

I would like to formally give a massive thanks and congratulations to the team behind this extensive publication, including our Vice President (Careers), Dillan Goro, our Careers (Publications) Director, Clairessa Ng, and the entire Careers (Publications) Subcommittee.

With organisation occurring from early this year, their efforts have been invaluable and cannot be understated. I’d also like to thank our incredible group of sponsors who have contributed to not only this guide, but all our careers publications this year; as a non-for profit organisation, support from our wider legal community is the lifeblood of our events and provides our students with an improved university experience.

With a changing legal landscape, our tertiary education leaves us with the ability to advocate for what we believe in, problem solve, and create out of the box solutions no matter where we end up working. The variety of skills builds you a useful portfolio irrespective of your eventual industry, and the integrated practical and academic knowledge places you in the position to thrive in many areas. Our Guide has testimonies from firms, organisations, and legal professionals to give you an idea of these possibilities and hopefully spark some extra inspiration.

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Alec Ramsbottom As always, looking for work and thinking about your future is a stressful process, and whilst this is a natural part of the cycle, it is of utmost importance that you take the time to personally stay on top of your mental health, and prioritise your wellbeing. Ensure you utilise the resources given by UTS to help achieve these goals and maintain a healthy mindset, especially given the proven highintensity pressure placed on law students in our current environment.

We hope you enjoy this guide and gain some valuable insight from our selection of tips, advice, and curated information, and feel more confident in being able to make the right decisions after you’ve finished your degree.

Careers Guide

Careers Publications Director It is my greatest pleasure that I welcome you all to the 2024 UTS LSS Careers Guide.

This Guide was created with the intention to clarify and broaden all UTS Law Students’ understanding of the legal profession, gain an insight into the different fields of law and understand the admission requirements to become a legal practitioner.

This year, the focus of my tenure has been to equip First-Generation Law students with the relevant networking and career resources to build and expand a legal network. Law is a competitive career field and it is filled with incredibly talented and ambitious students.

It is not surprising that many students may feel they are overcoming more adversities than those who may have come from a family of lawyers. Therefore, this year the intention of my Guide is to provide a more transparent and concise overview of what UTS law students may expect to encounter after graduation and inform them on opportunities that allows them to begin building a legal network.

In addition, the Careers Guide has expanded on the scope of topics related to the Legal field such as admission requirements, transparency on ‘Practical Legal Training’, different career fields and providing more information on advocate and tipstaff positions.

Clairessa Ng I am also very excited to announce that this year’s Guide includes the contributions of a more diverse portfolio of sponsorships which accommodate the diverse demographic of the UTS LSS cohort. Finally, the Careers Guide is very fortunate to include the insightful testimonials of Ms Thalia Anthony, a UTS Law Academic and fellow alumnus Nicholas Stewart, a partner of Dowson Turco Lawyers.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our Careers Publications subcommittee; Jessica, Rabab, Mahima, Ankana and Anastasia, for their incredible contributions to the Guide. I would also like to applaud the incredible design work of Nina Haung who designed our cover and content pages.

Thank you to the wonderful contributions of our Dean Anita, our President Alec and First Nations Representative Huw. I would also like to extend my thanks to the insightful legal testimonials provided by Ms Thalia Anthony and Mr Nicholas Stewart. Finally, I would like to express my appreciation for the wonderful guidance of our Vice-President of Careers, Dillan Goro who greatly assisted me in the process of bringing this Guide to fruition.

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02 Legal Ethics

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Careers Guide

Legal Ethics What are Legal Ethics?

New South Wales (NSW) legal ethics are governed by a comprehensive framework designed to ensure the integrity and professionalism of legal practitioners. The key regulatory body overseeing these ethics is the Law Society of New South Wales, which enforces a strict code of conduct that all solicitors must adhere to. This code emphasises the importance of honesty, confidentiality, and competence, mandating that legal practitioners act in their clients’ best interests while maintaining the highest standards of professional conduct. Additionally, barristers in NSW are subject to guidelines set forth by the NSW Bar Association, which reinforce ethical obligations including the duty to the court and the principle of independence. The legal ethics framework in NSW aims to maintain public trust in the legal system by promoting accountability and ensuring that legal professionals uphold the principles of justice and fairness.

Governing Law in NSW for Ethical Conduct of Solicitors: In New South Wales (NSW), the conduct of solicitors is governed by the Legal Profession Uniform Law (NSW) and its associated rules. The primary set of rules that governs solicitor conduct in NSW are the Legal Profession Uniform Law Australian Solicitors’ Conduct Rules 2015. These rules establish the ethical and professional standards that solicitors must adhere to.

Key aspects include:

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Duty to the Court Solicitors must act with honesty and integrity, ensuring that their conduct upholds the administration of justice. They must not knowingly mislead the court and must provide accurate and truthful information.

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Confidentiality Solicitors are required to maintain strict confidentiality regarding all client information.

This duty extends to ensuring that confidential information is safeguarded against unauthorised disclosure.

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Conflicts of Interest Solicitors must avoid conflicts of interest and disclose any potential conflicts to their clients. They must not act for a client if there is a conflict that cannot be resolved, and they must obtain informed consent if there is a potential or actual conflict of interest.

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Competence and Diligence Solicitors must provide competent and diligent representation. This includes keeping up with legal developments, performing legal work efficiently, and acting in the best interests of their clients.

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Legal Ethics

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Honest and Fair Dealing Solicitors are required to deal honestly and fairly with clients, other solicitors, and third parties.

This includes transparency in billing and avoiding any deceptive practices.

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Client Communication Solicitors must keep clients informed about the progress of their matters and provide them with sufficient information to make informed decisions about their legal matters.

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Professional Conduct Solicitors must conduct themselves in a manner that upholds the reputation of the legal profession. They are expected to act professionally and respectfully in all dealings.

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Fees and Costs Solicitors must provide clear and accurate information about their fees and costs. They must also ensure that their fees are fair and reasonable in relation to the work performed and the complexity of the matter.

These conduct rules are enforced by the Law Society of New South Wales, which has the authority to investigate complaints, conduct disciplinary proceedings, and impose sanctions for breaches of professional conduct.

The rules aim to maintain the integrity and professionalism of the legal practice in NSW.

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Careers Guide

Admission into Practice

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Admission into Practice

Admission into Practice To be admitted as a solicitor in New South Wales, three requirements must be met:

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Completion of a Bachelor of Laws or an equivalent course

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Completion of a Practical Legal Training (PLT) program, which awards you a Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice This is offered either internally at UTS or through other institutions such as the College of Law Only the stand-alone UTS Bachelor of Laws (excludes double degrees) has the option of completing the PLT in your final session of study The PLT involves the completion of course work and work experience There is an ongoing expectation to complete Continuing Professional Education (CPE)

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Be a ‘fit and proper’ person

The Legal Practitioners Admission Board determines whether you are a ‘fit and proper person’ in order to be admitted to the Australian legal profession. You will be obliged to disclose any matters which may impact this assessment.

Careers Guide

By joining the Law Society of NSW as a student member, you become part of a community of over 33,000 members whose wellbeing and success are our priorities.

Our purpose is to help you grow into the best lawyer you can be by providing you with professional development and engagement opportunities to support you as you transition from student to professional.

AS A STUDENT MEMBER YOU CAN ENJOY 5 Access to the online Law Student Portal containing information on upcoming events and programs in addition to helpful information and resources to give you a headstart in your career 5 Exclusive and early access to a range of professional, networking, social and wellbeing events including: • The Law Students Careers Summit • Student and Young Lawyers Golden Gavel Competitions • Graduate and Clerkship Recruitment Programs and information sessions 5 Exclusive access to our range of career, study and wellbeing resources and publications including: • Student Connect e-newsletter • LSJ Online • Thriving in Law Guides 5 Tips and advice on applying for graduate and clerkship positions 5 Resume writing and interview guidance and examples 5 Access to a range of Law Society of NSW wellbeing services including our 24/7 confidential phone line

HOW TO APPLY If you are currently studying or have recently completed a course in law, sign up for complimentary student membership today.

Scan here

or visit lawsociety.com.au/ student-registration

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Non Corporate Practice Areas

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Careers Guide

Criminal Law Criminal law concerns the regulation of conduct and behaviours in society with the intention of protecting the community and imposing the appropriate corrective sentences on individuals who commit crimes.

Examples of offences that criminal law covers include: • Assault • Bail applications • Drug supply or possession • Larceny • Murder and manslaughter • Sentencing • Sexual assault • Traffic violations

Defence Criminal defence lawyers advocate for defendants, which are individuals accused of committing a crime.

They are also essential in assisting accused parties in understanding their legal rights, plea deals and available options for their defence.

Criminal defence lawyers can either work for government agencies such as the Legal Aid Commission or the Aboriginal Legal Service, or for private firms which specialise in criminal law.

As the representative for the defendants, criminal defence lawyers are responsible for numerous tasks, including the preparation of submissions on their client’s behalf, conducting interviews with clients, undergoing negotiations with the prosecution, conducting research for the client’s defence strategy and the overall welfare of their client if they are in custody.

If a matter proceeds to trial, another crucial aspect of their role is to make sure their client receives a fair hearing. It is common for a criminal defence lawyer to be the client’s only protection from having their rights violated or the admission of inadmissible material into evidence.

Criminal defence lawyers craft a strong defence for their client which creates a significant impact on their lives and future.

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Non Corporate Practice Areas

Prosecution Prosecutors commonly liaise with law enforcement officials and investigators, experts, victims and witnesses to prove an alleged offence beyond a reasonable doubt.

To present a solid prosecution case, prosecutors construct persuasive arguments, gather evidence and prepare cases for trial. As a voice for the State, prosecutors are commonly employed by various government agencies, such as the NSW Police Commission, the NSW Director of Public Prosecutions, and the NSW Crown Solicitor’s Office, with the intention to protect the community from criminal activity.

The main priority of prosecutors is not only to pursue the harshest punishments for accused parties, but to also consider other factors relevant to the accused’s sentencing including rehabilitation, retribution, restoration and deterrence. A central tenet to the role of prosecutors is the value of equitable, just and fair outcomes.

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Ultimately, a career in criminal law, whether it be in defence or prosecution, is equally as exciting and fulfilling in your ability to make a profound impact on the justice system and the lives of individuals.

Careers Guide

Family Law The practice area of family law entails advising clients on resolving problems which arise from the breakdown of family relationships and assisting them through a range of court processes and dispute resolutions with the aim of preventing court proceedings from being initiated.

Family law is a complex and unique practice area as it requires a balance of empathy and objectivity and has an impact on society’s cultural values. Family lawyers must possess adaptability, empathy and resilience in order to provide counsel to their clients compassionately and clearly, as these times are often the most vulnerable and emotionally charged. With the nature of these matters, there is a risk of being emotionally attached to clients and their circumstances.

Family lawyers can choose to work with government agencies, non-profit legal service organisations or private/mid-sized firms which specialise in family law or have a family law team. Predominantly, their work consists of assisting clients with financial agreements (pre and post-nuptial agreements), property disputes and settlements, divorces and parenting and child support disputes and agreements.

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Non Corporate Practice Areas

International Law International law comprises of principles and rules that enable international organisations, individuals, and transnational companies to facilitate conduct with one another.

Practicing International Law can consist of holding Australia accountable to its international obligations, and protect non-governmental interests.

The sectors of International Law include: • Public International Law • Private International Law • Suprainternational Law • International Trade • Human Rights Law

Public International law predominantly involves considering the treaty obligations between various countries and individuals.

In contrast, Private International law can involve resolving jurisdictional issues, such as determining which jurisdiction to apply in transnational cases or civil claims. Lastly, Supranational Law demonstrates how bodies such as the European Court of Justice, the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court function.

UTS Graduates can apply for graduate positions once they complete their degree by applying to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), the ICC or the Australian Human Rights Commission. Alternatively, graduates can work at international NonGovernmental organisations.

Whilst there are several options for practicing International Law, obtaining graduate positions are highly competitive, given that DFAT has been a popular employer for several years. As such, it is recommended that graduates pursue studies abroad, or learn a second language, as having a strong understanding of two or more languages is highly valued.

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Careers Guide

Media Law Media law involves resolving legal issues that arise from film, digital media, publishing, and advertising. In Australia, the primary act concerning legal disputes in Media Law involve the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 (Cth), Telecommunications Act 1997 (Cth) and the Radiocommunications Act 1992 (Cth). In addition, those who practice Media Law will also consider industry guidelines, and codes of conduct.

Media law can be divided into several subtypes, including: Defamation Defamation Law involves civil claims that the Plaintiff’s reputation has been damaged as a result of false statements. Lawyers can determine whether they will bring a claim or defend it.

Intellectual Property Media Law often intersects with Intellectual Property, as media lawyers often consider issues concerning copyright and trademarks. For example, this can involve protecting the creative works of the clients. For example, lawyers can work on obtaining licenses to utilise copyrighted media in advertising material.

As a graduate working in Media Law, one can expect to be in a fast-paced environment. Media Lawyers can be found working for an in-house media organisation, in a regulatory authority, or within a law firm.

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Non Corporate Practice Areas

Environmental Environment law consists of the system of case law, legislation and treaties that determine the interactions between humans and the environment. Environmental law has several aspects, such as focusing on environmental conservation, climate change and renewable energy, whilst also determining the applicable environmental regulations for clients to enable them to get licenses for construction projects.

Graduates will have the opportunity to work within a range of industries, such as within scientific and technical services, planning and development, not-for-profit organisations and government, which includes: Environmental Defenders Office: The Environmental Defenders Office is a community legal service and a not-for-profit organisation that focuses on protecting Australian wildlife, and climate by litigating environmental cases in court, and advocating for law reform across Australia.

NSW Environmental Protection Authority The NSW Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) is an environmental regulator which supports environment, the economy and communities by working with the Australian Government to improve environmental performance and waste management in NSW. 22

Additionally, graduates can be expected to challenge government-decision making and implement strategies to resolve environmental issues. In practice, this can involve drafting submissions to government enquiries and providing legal advice to scientists and agencies, as well as environmental organisations.

Careers Guide

Migration Migration law concerns the movement of people across a specific boundary, in order to establish a permanent or semi-permanent residence. Migration lawyers typically handle Visa applications for clients, to assist them with migrating to Australia. In addition, they also handle complex legal issues arising from such applications, and litigate matters in the Federal Court or the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia.

There are several types of visas, in which migration lawyers handle.

Some of these visas include: • Visitor Visas • Working and Skilled Visas • Family and Partner Visas • Refugee and Humanitarian Visas Practising as a migration lawyer allows one to guide individuals through complex situations, and allows individuals to give back to the community through assisting with humanitarian cases.

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Non Corporate Practice Areas

Legal Academia Law students who are inspired by research and teaching are likely to flourish in pursuing a career in legal academia. Legal academia is a non-practice area which provides a fascinating career path heavily involved with legal education, research and scholarly endeavours. Often legal academics work in institutions and universities which engage in all forms of academic service, teaching and research.

A legal academic may be a law professor who is part of the Australasian Law Academics Association (ALAA). To become an academic, you must first obtain an honours degree, followed by a PHD. The aim of legal academia is to participate in scholarly discussions, offer solutions to legal issues and contribute to existing legal knowledge. This is often achieved through the publication of their findings in peer-reviewed journals, scholarly publications or research reports for industry, business or government.

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Law academics also play a central role in contributing to the development of their institution and the wider legal community through serving committees, assisting with administration and governance of their institution and planning conferences or workshops. Law academics also collaborate with other academics on a national and international level, cultivating networks and connections to further their knowledge, hone their teaching methodologies and investigate innovative approaches to legal education and research.

Furthermore, law academics are often engaged in policy and law reform discourse by collaborating with other practitioners and policymakers. They also contribute to inquiries conducted by the government and provide expert advice on legislative and policy proposals. Their aim is to ensure that legislation is developed and reformed to align with the needs of society and legal principles.

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Careers Guide

Practice Area Courts

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Practice Area Courts

Tipstaff and Associate Positions One of the most highly competitive and challenging positions to acquire would be associate and tipstaff positions. Both positions are prestigious and are invaluable experience as you are employed to become a judge’s personal staff.

Associate Positions Associate positions provide executive support to a judge. Often, the associate may assist with legal research for writing judgments, in-court duties and other support for a judge, including liaising with practitioners appearing for parties and completing administrative tasks. In addition, associates manage a judges’ chambers and support the judge to facilitate courtroom operation.

The exclusivity of this position is clearly outlined by the person’s expectations.

The judge that you are applying to be a support staff member is the one who selects the associate. The experience of an applicant varies highly, on an applicants WAM, extra-curriculars or similar work experience after they have graduated.

The position of associate is generally for approximately 12-18 months.

Tipstaff Positions Tipstaff are a junior position compared to associates. It is highly competitive, and tipstaves are employed by the judge to join their personal chambers staff.

The role consists of high-level legal research, administrative support, court duties, and other support.

Sometimes, tipstaves may need to accompany the judge to regional circuit locations in NSW. Applications are generally taken at the beginning of the year for the following year. Regarding submitting an application, it is strongly suggested that the chambers of the judge be contacted for specific information for the application process. Candidates must display highly developed legal and analytical research skills along with interpersonal and organisational skills. A high academic record is also expected. Due to the importance of research, previous positions regarding legal research are highly encouraged and essential.

Similar to the association position, the tipstaff position is also for 12 months.

On some occasions, the judge may renew your contract.

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Careers Guide

The Bar Law students interested in advocacy and working in high-pressure environments representing clients in higher-level courts may consider a job in advocacy as a barrister.

Barristers are speculated advocates who are trained to appear and represent in the courtroom. The work the barristers receive are ‘briefs’ from a solicitor working in a firm or department.

Generally, a solicitor or a team will provide details on a matter/case, and the barrister will act as the representative and advocate in court. In more recent times, barristers have also worked as mediators and arbitrators, as well as ADR. Barristers generally are self-employed or work at chambers with other barristers.

The process

1 The first step is to graduate with a Law

Degree or Juris Doctor.

After completing your law degree, you may not have completed your practical legal training (PLT). PLT is a compulsory program that teaches graduates the necessary skills and work of a solicitor.

This includes work experience and training under a supervising solicitor.

Generally, workplace experience requires approximately 75 working days of supervised experience. Once you successfully complete your PLT, you are eligible and able to apply to become a legal practitioner.

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Once you have received your admission certificate, most graduates apply for their practising certificate. Generally, the most common way is to proceed with a restricting practising certificate, which requires 18-24 months of supervised legal practice. Once this is completed, graduates are able to practice as an unsupervised solicitor.

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Often, most barristers take this route instead of going straight through the bar path, as there are crucial practices that graduates learn as solicitors. Barristers are known for their specialised experience and range of expertise and knowledge, which are often attained through practising as a solicitor for a number of years.

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Regardless of whether the applicant is a solicitor, to become a barrister, you must prepare and sit the bar exam.

A mark of 75 per cent overall must be achieved to pass the bar exam.

Once you pass the exam, you must apply for a reader practising certificate and complete the bar practice course.

The reading practising certificate permits you to be a ‘reader’ whereby you shadow an experienced barrister who supervises you for at least 12 months, similar to when a graduate has a restricted practising certificate. Once you complete your bar practice course and your practice as a reader, you can apply for an unrestricted practising certificate.

Once you receive one, you can finally practice as a barrister. Although the path is long, the job is a vigorous and highly rewarding one.

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Practice Area Courts

The Public Sector Office of the Director of Public Prosecutors

Public Defenders

The role of a Prosecutor is to represent the state/crown in criminal cases. A prosecutor’s duty consists of researching and investigating cases, preparing for court cases with sufficient evidence and representing the Crown in court.Prosecutors are generally selected once the graduate has a few years of experience, as positions are competitive and require high litigious skills.

Public defenders are counsel for defendants which may assist the defence solicitor in a matter. Generally, public defenders represent disadvantaged defendants, through a grant of legal aid and charged with a strictly indictable criminal offence. Students who are interested in criminal law and humanitarian law could consider this position as a potential pathway to working as a defence advocate.

For Law students, the ODPP offers work experience to students who are completing a degree that requires them to undertake a placement or undertaking PLT course. This program is known as the ‘Legal Development Program’ which is a 12 month program, in which students are to perform full 35 hours of work per week at one of the 10 ODPP offices in New South Wales.

The eligibility criteria requires a candidate to have completed a bachelor’s degree and PLT. However, to be selected as a public defender, you must be a barrister and hold many years of experience and skill in advocacy, along with a high level of knowledge in criminal law.

Generally, the public defenders do not offer any law clerk or graduate positions.

However, they do provide unpaid work experience to selected student volunteers in certain circumstances.

If you are a First Nations Law graduate, you are eligible for paid work experience through the ‘Aboriginal Law Graduates Program’. The aim of the program is to help Aboriginal law graduates meet the professional practical training requirements to enable them to practise as a solicitor or barrister, or gain employment in some other legal position.

Candidates for the program are usually nominated by their law lecturer via the Dean of Law at their University, or under the NSW Bar Association’s Equal Opportunity program in consultation with the Dean of Law at the relevant University.

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Careers Guide

Services Australia Services Australia takes in several in-house lawyers to assist with government-related services. The in-house legal team specialises in multiple areas, including legal advice, litigation, and advocacy in appeals tribunal reviews and compensation claims.

Law students interested in working with the government can apply through the Australian Government Graduate program after graduation. To be eligible, the candidate must have a bachelor’s in law or Juris Doctor along with a WAM of 60 or above. A graduate diploma in legal practice must be obtained before commencing work.

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Practice Area Courts

Applying for a Legal Career It’s never too early or too late to start building your legal experience, and there are countless opportunities to explore throughout your studies. Roles such as a paralegal, law clerk, research assistant, and legal secretary can help develop your legal skills and fuel your passions, providing invaluable experience for aspiring law students.

Looking for opportunities to kickstart your legal career? Check out these excellent platforms to get started:

SEEK Seek, Australia’s leading job portal, offers a wide range of opportunities across various disciplines, including law. By refining your search with keywords and location, you can optimise your results and discover numerous law-related job openings. Additionally, Seek features a ‘company reviews’ section where you can read feedback from current or former employees, helping you gauge company culture, career prospects, and benefits.

UTS Careers UTS Careers is your go-to destination for job hunting, offering many listings through their Careers Hub, including graduate positions, clerkships, and casual roles. As a law student, you can explore the Law Career Hub, which is curated for legal opportunities, and stay updated with the UTS Law Students’ Society’s Job Opportunities’ page. The ‘Law Job Alerts’ section on Career Hub also provides daily postings for various roles, including PLT positions.

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Careers Guide

LinkedIn LinkedIn is a powerful tool for job seekers, functioning as a professional social media platform and a job advertisement site.

To make the most of it, keep your profile up-to-date, highlight relevant skills and experience, and use the ‘open to work’ feature if you’re seeking employment—set job alerts to manage notifications and stay informed about opportunities without feeling overwhelmed.

Additionally, craft a compelling online resume, connect with legal professionals, and follow law-related organisations to enhance your network and access real-time job openings in the legal field.

GradConnection GradConnection, designed for university students and recent graduates, offers opportunities across multiple industries, including law. The legal section provides entry-level roles, internships, and graduate programs from law firms and organisations. Use filters to tailor your job search to your preferences and qualifications, simplifying the process of finding legal positions. Their career resources and articles will help you prepare effectively for job searches and applications.

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First Generation Law

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Careers Guide

Using LinkedIn LinkedIn is an incredible network for students and graduates to use when looking for career opportunities, opening lines of communication with others, personal promotion and simply keeping up with the latest industry trends. If you are a First Generation Law student and do not have the connections that others may have, LinkedIn will allow you to establish some solid connections that can assist you in developing a legal network. For some, LinkedIn was not necessarily a social media platform that they engaged in until they started looking for jobs, so here’s a quick overview on navigating LinkedIn.

If you have grown up with social media or use it currently, think of Linkedin as “the business version of Facebook or Instagram”. It holds all the features that you would have in Facebook and Instagram such as direct messaging and feed posts, but it is strictly for career or networking purposes.

Your Profile

To use LinkedIn, you first need to set up a profile. Your profile is basically your selling point when looking for jobs or connecting with others, as it is the first thing they see when you open that line of communication with them. Like Facebook, you have your profile picture. Make sure this is an appropriate picture of yourself that excludes anything that may put anyone off from considering you for a position. We suggest taking a professional headshot.

The UTS LSS Careers Portfolio, offers a free annual LinkedIn Photoshoot at the start of each year which students can sign up for and get a professional headshot for your profile.

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First Generation Law

Profile Picture Do’s and Don’ts DO

DON’T • Professional photos • Photos of just you

Next, you can add a banner photo that reflects your interests or the industry you are in. This can enhance your profile along with adding details regarding your education, past work experience and at least four skills you have, that makes you a great possible employee.

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Photos with alcohol Party photos Blurry photos Pictures that do not have you in it

There is also a feature located under your profile that allows you to upload your resume for easy access to those you connect with.

Remember, your profile is where you promote yourself, so make sure yours stands out and can make a good impression for any future employers.

Building Connections Again, similar to Instagram, you can follow people by pressing the “follow” button on their profiles, if they work in the legal field or are potentially beneficial to your network. This way, you can directly message them or simply view their posts that may be helpful to you in your search for opportunities in the legal field.

Speaking of jobs, LinkedIn has a vast selection of job advertisements that are posted to the “Jobs” tab at the top of your screen. By clicking on this button, you have the option

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to search for jobs in the search engine. When you have found a job that interests you, all the information regarding the position is readily available for you to view. If there is a position that you may consider for the future, you can “save” the advertisement for the job to revisit later. Additionally, LinkedIn allows you to directly apply for the job.

LinkedIn has become a staple in the professional world. Once you figure out how to usefully function the platform, you will make great use of it for the rest of your professional career.

Careers Guide

Networking First Generation Law Students who are considering fulfilling a career path as a lawyer are often faced with several challenges, particularly understanding the importance of networking and how to effectively build one without relying on pre-existing connections.

This section of the Guide is focused on reducing professional and social barriers faced by Law Students who are the first in their family to study Law or postsecondary education.

Attend Organisation Events That Reflect Your Values and Upbringing Meeting professionals who may be from a similar ethnic or social background will often be able to empathise with your experiences of imposter syndrome in a competitive field such as Law.

Remain In Contact With Your Lecturers

Your lecturers and tutors at University, are the most valuable legal professionals that you can ask questions about the area of the law they practice in and can provide advice about legal opportunities that may not be as highly marketed.

Our biggest advice is to utilise and view them as your mentors, rather than someone who is making class participation and your assignments. If you find that you gravitate towards a particular tutor, do not hesitate to ask them to remain in touch with them, once the semester finishes.

Here are some suggestions to stay in contact with them:

We highly recommend regularly attending a diverse portfolio of legal organisation which host events that include networking cocktail nights, professional panels or workshops.

This is an invaluable opportunity for Law Students of various backgrounds to meet and network with professionals in the industry.

Arrange for an date and time where both parties can discuss legal opportunities over coffee

Here are examples of Organisations which are worth considering:

Connect with them on LinkedIn. Most tutors are genuinely curious to see the graduate opportunities of past students. This also allows you to still remain in contact with them, once your university email expires

• • • • • •

Australian Asian Law Association Diverse Women In Law Pride in Law Muslim Legal Network RACS Women Lawyers Association

Ask for their work email, so you can continue to liaise with them after the semester finishes

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Our Mission: We are a team of human rights lawyers with a mission to achieve justice and dignity for and with refugees through dedicated legal services and advocacy.

Who We Are: SPONSOR

What We Do: Applying for protection in Australia is a complex and arduous process. RACS lawyers provide trauma-informed legal support for people of all nationalities, religions and gender identities, and we advocate for fairer and more humane asylum policies.

The Refugee Advice and Casework Service is a nonprofit providing essential legal support to people who have fled persecution to find certainty and safety in Australia.

Reach us at: @racsaustralia

Join us: It’s simple: RACS wouldn’t exist without volunteers.

Whether they are responding to first-time callers or delivering good news to years-long clients, our volunteers provide invaluable support to our legal team.

In return, they receive practical on-the-ground legal training, which equips our volunteers with the skills and knowledge to excel not just at RACS, but in their future careers.

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racsaustralia racs.org.au racsaustralia

UTS Alumni at RACS Careers Guide

Sarah

Centre Director and Principal Solicitor SPONSOR Studied a Bachelor of Laws at UTS in 2011

I’m inspired by the team at RACS. Everyone comes here every day to fight for the rights of others. To me, that’s incredibly inspiring.

I love that the law is such an integral part of people’s lives: it’s a protection mechanism, there to make sure we all have access to what we’re entitled to.

Jenny Volunteer Studying Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of International Studies at UTS

I’ve always known about RACS, and I’ve heard a lot of stories from friends who volunteered. I was drawn to the work that RACS does in helping refugees and people seeking asylum, and it really aligned with my values.

I love the opportunities to learn and grow, and the supportive environment of everyone who works here.

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ASIAN AUSTRALIAN LAWYERS ASSOCIATION INC PROMOTING CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE LAW

Empower Your Future: Join Us and Be the Change in Australia’s Legal Landscape Who We Are The Asian Australian Lawyers Association (AALA) is the national peak body for Asian Australian lawyers and those with an interest in Asia, regardless of background. Driven by a vision of systematic inclusivity and access, we are passionate about promoting cultural diversity in the law. Our national, non-profit, and volunteer-run organization welcomes practitioners and students from across Australia, representing and serving the diverse communities that make Australia a multicultural nation.

8 Branches Nationally NSW, VIC, QLD, WA, SA, TAS, NT and ACT

What We Do AALA is committed to creating an inclusive and representative legal profession. Our efforts are focused on advancing cultural diversity, equity, and inclusion in the legal field:

We provide a forum for practical discussions on achieving diversity, equity and inclusion in all facets of the law.

1300+ Network of Legal Professionals

We give a voice to the underrepresented through research, government submissions and public statements.

We organise various events such as panels, conferences, CPD events and networking functions that attract attendees from all walks of the legal profession, industry, academia, non-profits and government.

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100+ Events Run Nationally Per Year

Careers Guide

Membership and Opportunities Why Join Us? As a member of AALA, you will have the opportunity to: Be part of a community that represents and serves the rich cultural and socioeconomic diversity of Australia.

Participate in events that attract attendees from all areas of the legal profession, including industry, academia, non-profits, and government.

Become an Individual Member of AALA and connect with a community of students and legal professionals committed to promoting diversity in the law. Enjoy access to exclusive networking events, professional development resources, and mentorship, along with remote volunteer opportunities that allow you to contribute from anywhere.

Contribute to our advocacy efforts and help shape a legal profession that reflects the communities it serves.

Access opportunities for professional development and networking.

Get Involved Join AALA and help shape the future of the legal profession in Australia.

Your involvement—whether as a student or lawyer —can make a meaningful impact. It takes less than 5 minutes.

To explore available roles and join as a student member, visit www.aala.org.au.

Instagram: aala_org Facebook: asianaustralianlawyersassociation LinkedIn: asian-australian-lawyers-association YouTube: Asian Australian Lawyers Association

ASIAN AUSTRALIAN 39 LAWYERS ASSOCIATION INC PROMOTING CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE LAW

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Careers Guide

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07 PLT

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Careers Guide

Practice Internationally A career in international law might not be on the radar for many law students, but it offers limitless possibilities. The field accommodates various personalities and skill sets, making it suitable for multiple interests and abilities.

International law has three main working branches: conflicts of law (private international law), public international law, and supranational law, with most practitioners typically working in one of these areas.

Public International Law

A career in public international law involves analysing international treaties and obligations, focusing on the legal relationships between sovereign nations and the rules governing war, diplomacy, and economic relations.

Private International Law

Supranational Law

Supranational law involves legal entities with international jurisdiction, such as the European Court of Justice, the International Court of Justice, and the International Criminal Court, which handle issues like banking, finance, and environmental law and operate within a framework where nations cede certain judicial powers to a joint tribunal whose decisions are directly effective and take priority over national court decisions.

Students exploring a career in private international law will deal with jurisdictional issues, such as determining which jurisdiction’s laws apply in transnational cases, and address legal matters that cross jurisdictional borders, including contract and tort law, as well as civil and commercial law between private individuals or entities across international boundaries.

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PLT

Other areas of international law: Students passionate about human rights or global studies may spend significant time abroad, which can be exciting and challenging. Studying International Law offers various pathways, including human rights law, which involves advocating for abuse victims and violations globally. Those with a strong humanitarian drive will likely resonate with the principles of international law and should prepare for the possibility of working abroad.

While these international career paths can be rewarding, the need for overseas experience may be crucial in determining the viability of some students.

A typical path for those pursuing a career in international law is through government bodies such as the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, as international lawyers typically represent and act on behalf of nation-states. International law encompasses many practices, including relations between nations, human rights, trade law, environmental law, international boundary disputes, and international criminal law.

Students interested in international law have various career options, including roles as legal advisors for national governments, positions with intergovernmental organisations like the United Nations or European Union, and roles as prosecutors or defence lawyers in international tribunals and courts.

Additionally, opportunities exist in NGOs and private law firms specialising in public international law.

Alternatively, to be admitted in England, you must complete the Qualified Solicitors Training Scheme, including a multiple-choice and practical exam. Each jurisdiction has its admission process for international lawyers, so it’s essential to research the specific requirements for the area where you wish to practice.

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International Law Job prospects: Due to the limited number of graduate roles in agencies focused on international law and human rights, these positions are highly competitive. Fortunately, UTS equips students with legal and non-legal skills to aid in the application process, which is crucial for securing a role in this niche field.

Practising international law can also open doors to careers in nations like the United States, the United Kingdom, and France.

However, navigating their sophisticated processes, such as obtaining permanent residency, can be complex. The prospect of practising law overseas, whether immediately after graduation or after gaining experience in Australia, offers exciting and lucrative opportunities, though each jurisdiction has its regulatory procedures.

Careers Guide

Practice Domestically Practical Legal Training

Practicing as a Solicitor

In order to practice within Australia as a solicitor, there are several steps, one of which is the Practical Legal Training (PLT).

Upon admission to practice, solicitors must hold a practicing certificate issued by the Law Society of New South Wales. Newly admitted solicitors are required to undertake two years of supervised practice.

Practical Legal Training is a structured training program consisting of learning the day-to-day practice of law, through completing takehome assessments and completing workplace experience. Once completed, students will be awarded the Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice (GDLP), and can be admitted as a solicitor in NSW. This can be undertaken at UTS, or through the College of Law.

PLT comprises of a range of topics encountered in practice of law, which include: • • • • • • •

Problem-Solving Work management skills Trust and Office Accounting Litigation Practice Property Law Practice Commercial Law Practice Ethics law Practice

Completing PLT takes approximately three months full time, to eight months part-time.

75 working days of supervised practical experience in delivering legal services is also required.

Practicing certificates are annually renewed, and are subject to solicitors completing 10 Professional Development points annually.

Practicing as a Barrister Solicitors can also decide to become a barrister. In order to become a barrister in New South Wales, an individual must:

1. Be admitted as a lawyer in Australia; 2. Pass the Bar Exam according to the relevant standard; 3. Complete the reading program.

The New South Wales Bar Exam requires individuals to demonstrate their ability to manage ethical situations arising as a Barrister and demonstrate an understanding of Barristers’ Rules. In addition, they are required to show evidence of practice and procedure consistent with the level of knowledge required to practice as a Barrister.

Further, Barristers are required to participate in the Reading Program, which requires Barristers to undertake a 1 month course, and undertake a 12-month reading period with another Barrister with no less than 7 years of experience.

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From the classroom to the courtroom Study that fits around your life Flexible delivery with part-time and full-time options, on-campus or online study, and three intakes per year.

PLT Options Choose from PLT options that suit your career plans.

Our program offers the choice of 20 or 65 days in-person practical work experience as well as six electives to choose from.

Work-based assessments No exams and all assessments are based on real legal scenarios e.g. practice files, will drafting, court appearances, client interviews and file notes.

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Get a head start

Learn from experts

Current UTS LLB or JD student? You may be able to begin your PLT early when you have completed all core law subjects and have no more than two electives remaining (written consent from the Legal Profession Admission Board [LPAB] required).

You will be taught by experienced clinical practitioners. As well as being accomplished lawyers, our clinical practitioners are also excellent teachers who are able to guide you in this crucial stage of your professional development.

UTS CRICOS 00099F UTS TEQSA PRV12060

40519

Careers Guide

Complete your Practical Legal Training at UTS – New options launching 2025

Recognition of Prior Learning Completed an LLB or JD? You’ll receive an automatic 6cp exemption.

Alumni discount UTS Graduate? You may be eligible for a 10% discount on PLT course fees with the UTS Alumni Advantage.

“I chose UTS because it was one of the few universities that offered a single undergraduate law degree which included the PLT program as part of the degree (which ultimately gave me at least a 1.5 years headstart into my career). I loved how UTS Law has a strong focus on practical education and technology.”

Raymond Sun UTS Practical Legal Training graduate and 30 Under 30 Technology Lawyer of the Year (2023)

Be supported

LPAB accredited

Have the support of the PLT Program Head, UTS Careers Service and a team of clinical practitioners for the duration of your study.

The UTS PLT is fully accredited by the Legal Profession Admission Board.

Find out more and register for an info session at: uts.ac/plt

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Legal Testimonials

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Careers Guide

Nicholas Stewart Mr Nicholas Stewart is a fellow UTS Alumnus and practicing solicitor with extensive litigious experience in criminal law and human rights law. Mr Stewart is a partner at Dowson Turco Lawyers, Australia’s leading LGBTQA+ and diversity firm which specialises in providing accessible and inclusive legal services for the entire community. Additionally, Mr Stewart is the President of the Australian Lawyers for Human Rights (ALHR), Adjunct Professional Fellow of the University of Technology Sydney and recipient of various Alumni awards.

In your own words, how would you describe the field of criminal and human rights law? What type of career paths can students expect from working in this area?

In the abstract, the intersection between these two fields is surprisingly simple, both being concerned with protecting individuals’ fundamental rights while balancing the need for justice and public safety.

Where criminal law and human rights law differ in practice is largely a matter of the distinct functions, scopes, and legal frameworks they occupy. Human rights law is fundamentally concerned with safeguarding individual or class interests under international human rights treaties which Australia has signed. Whereas criminal law is structured around due process, a fair trial and a high standard of proof. There are many elements of human rights law that apply to the Australian criminal justice system, but human rights law itself is rarely referenced in criminal proceedings.

Consequently, it is both logical and inevitable that the domains of criminal law and human rights law interact and overlap, as they collectively work towards the broader goal of justice and accountability on a global scale.

Students interested in criminal law can explore a range of impactful career opportunities; criminal lawyers work as prosecutors, defence lawyers or policy makers, working towards to the utopian goals of fairness and justice.

Importantly, legal aid lawyers and lawyers in community legal centres support society’s access to justice by providing free or low-cost legal services to those who cannot afford private legal representation, often working with marginalised communities.

What type of administrative and legal responsibilities do you face working as a partner for Dowson Turco Lawyers? Do you have any tips to aspiring law students who may be considering this path?

As a partner and head of the criminal law and human rights teams at Dowson Turco Lawyers, I supervise complex cases including cases in the Local, District and Supreme Courts of NSW, as well as matters before the Australian Crime Commission or involving the right to 49

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Legal Testimonials

silence in civil proceedings. In the human rights arena I supervise complex matters in defamation, discrimination, and employment law in the Federal Court of Australia. These cases can span months or even years, each presenting unique challenges and deadlines.

On top of my substantive legal responsibilities, a significant aspect of my role as a partner is ensuring my team maintains meticulous records for every case and develops high level technical skills that allow them to be the best lawyers they can be.

Given the substantial volume of information we handle daily, it is essential for my team and I to maintain comprehensive files, including every document, email, and phone call made in the course of the matter.

Safeguarding this confidential and privileged information is also a critical aspect of my job, extending beyond careful file management.

It involves constant vigilance against cyber threats, network breaches, and potential data leaks. As our practice increasingly relies on digital record-keeping, addressing these security concerns is vital to maintaining the integrity of our operations and ensuring the protection of client information.

Finally, I am involved in leading our firm, managing staff and ensuring we can operate financially and into the future, while managing risks and prioritising our paramount duty to the Supreme Court of NSW, and our ethical duties to clients and the Court.

For aspiring law students considering a similar path, I would offer several pieces of advice.

First, develop strong organisational skills.

The volume and complexity of legal matters demand effective time management and systems for tracking and documenting work.

Second, prioritising confidentiality and being mindful of ethics is critical. You should ensure you understand and maintain client confidentiality as a fundamental aspect of 50

your work, and familiarise yourself with ethical standards and the Uniform Solicitor Rules.

Third, cultivate a detail-oriented mindset.

Thoroughness in research, document preparation and analysis ensures high-quality legal representation.

Fourth, strong communication skills, both written and verbal, are equally vital, as they enable clear and persuasive articulation of complex legal concepts to clients, colleagues, and in court.

Having previously worked in several top tier commercial law firms, what factors drove you to transition from commercial litigation to working as a pro bono lawyer specialising in human rights?

In the commercial sector, I found that while the work was intellectually stimulating, it often lacked the direct, meaningful impact on individuals’ lives. The focus on corporate interests and financial disputes, though important, felt disconnected from the broader societal issues I cared deeply about.

My experiences in commercial law made me increasingly aware of the disparities and challenges faced by marginalised communities. I wanted to apply my skills and knowledge to address these pressing issues more directly.

When I can perform pro bono, I do. This often comes down to our resources at Dowson Turco and the needs of pro bono clients.

Outside of my day job at Dowson Turco I am director of several boards and work as a pro bono lawyer. Working in a pro bono capacity, particularly in a field as impactful as human rights, provides

Careers Guide

an opportunity to be involved in cases that can genuinely alter lives and contribute to systemic change.

What advice would you give to students who may be thinking of pursuing a career in human rights law? Are there some cons of the career that students should be aware of before considering it?

For students contemplating a career in human rights law, it is important to approach the field with the knowledge that international human rights law is best practised at an international level. Fluent French and Arabic would assist enormously, and volunteer work in, for example, a people’s tribunal would be an enormous advantage.

In Australia, human rights work is largely integrated into practice areas of law such as criminal law, discrimination law, employment law and even defamation law, and of course, migration law. But the pure human rights space in Australia is occupied by advocates who seek to promote Australia’s international human rights obligations by way of enacting domestic legislation consistent with those obligations. Law students can move into this arena by working for, say, the Human Rights Commission, in community legal centres, as volunteers at Australian Lawyers for Human Rights (where I am currently president) and other civil society organisations such as Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and the World Health Organisation.

How do you balance working as a partner at Dowson Turco while holding positions such as ...

Vice-president of the Australian Lawyers For Human Rights (ALHR), UTS Adjunct Professional Fellow, Vice-President of the New Theatre and a member of the Law Society of NSW Diversity and Inclusion committee? Do you have any special insight that might assist students in achieving work life balance and any additional tips that may encourage students to be more active in external legal organisations?

One of the key strategies I employ is meticulous planning and prioritisation. The minute I wake up I check my diary for the day before looking at the week and month ahead.

I have to do this to ensure I am doing my best by clients, my firm and the justice system.

Effective delegation is also crucial; I rely on my team to share responsibilities and ensure that each area of my staff receives the support they need.

Additionally, maintaining a clear boundary between work and personal commitments are vital. While it is important to be engaged and proactive in external roles, setting aside dedicated time for my personal life helps to prevent burnout. I cycle to and from work, I go to the gym every night and I spend quality time with my partner and our families.

For students aiming to achieve a similar balance, I recommend developing strong organisational skills early on. Learn to manage your time effectively, and do not hesitate to set boundaries to protect your well-being.

It is also beneficial to engage in civil society because this will help you work towards themes of justice and human rights while also giving you networking opportunities and practical experience that enrich your professional development.

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Legal Testimonials

Thalia Anthony Professor Thalia Anthony is a fellow UTS Professor of Law who specialises in criminal law and procedures with acute focus on the social relations and systemic effects on First Nations peoples, communities and organisations. Professor Anthony’s scholarship is also widely published in books and shown in the media as she has been listed on three occasions as one of Australia’s Top 50 Thinkers of the Year by The Conversation.

In your own words, how would you describe the field of legal academia and how did you end up in this line of work?

What is a key distinction between legal academia and a legal profession?

The beauty of academia as a career is that it allows you to pursue a diverse set of interests, to develop a wide range of skills, and to work autonomously and collaboratively. The work is really exciting, whether it’s in the classroom, engaging with the legal profession or pursuing research projects. I have had the honour of researching with First Nations legal organisations, First Nations communities and research units (such as Jumbunna). We have been able to develop initiatives to support First Nations Women in prison, reduce the incarceration of First Nations drivers and improve criminal sentencing information in First Nations communities.

A key distinction between academia and the legal profession is the opportunity to research systemic legal issues and broad concepts of justice and legal change. As a legal practitioner you tend to work within the confines of the law. By contrast, in the UTS Law Faculty we do work that pushes the boundaries of the legal system and can imagine a different legal and justice system.

I do this work in collaboration with First Nations communities that involve selfdetermination and sovereignty.

Academia enables you to explore different paths. My research and teaching was initially in tort law, relating to Aboriginal stolen wages claims. Over the past decade it has focused more on criminal law and procedure, especially on the hyperincarceration of First Nations people and systemic racism.

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Careers Guide

You were an intern at the Aboriginal Legal Service, how would you describe your experience working in that field and what advice would you give students who may be interested in that field?

In my final years at Sydney Law School, I did an internship with the Aboriginal Legal Service in the Children’s Court. I remember on my first day seeing a 13 year old child locked in a court cell, pushing against the perspex.

He had spent the night in a cell and looked completely abandoned. I found it difficult to comprehend that it could be legally or morally acceptable to treat a child like this. In the end, the excellent lawyer at the ALS (James Payten) was able to divert this child. However, it was not an isolated event and in the coming months I’d see children endure punishment for minor matters that could have been dealt with in another way.

What inspired me about the work of the Aboriginal Legal Service was that they would challenge the use of police powers against Aboriginal children. On a number of occasions I worked with them to prepare briefs on false imprisonment claims for wrongful arrests and race discrimination complaints for hateful treatment of Aboriginal children. This helped to keep the police accountable, although it was difficult to change the penal systems and cultures that targeted Aboriginal children.

As an academic I have continued to work with Aboriginal Legal Services in the Northern Territory, NSW and Victoria. We have worked on High Court cases on police powers and Aboriginal sentencing; the Custody Notification Service (a hotline for Aboriginal people locked up in police cells); and Aboriginal Community Justice Reports (used to provide Aboriginal background material to promote procedural fairness in sentencing).

This has given me insight into the strategic role of Aboriginal legal services and the capacity for lawyers to push back on the carceral tendencies of the criminal law system.

I would encourage students with a strong sense of justice to consider criminal defence work, including in Aboriginal Legal Services.

To prevent someone from going to prison is one of the most basic forms of human rights lawyering. We have a huge incarceration problem in NSW and Australia. Legislative reforms have contributed to the escalating numbers of people in prison over several decades, especially First Nations people. This not only harms people locked up, but also their families, loved ones and communities.

What made you decide not to pursue a career in criminal law and instead work as a legal professor?

When I completed my Law degree I had a sliding doors moment. I simultaneously had an offer to work for a Supreme Court Judge and an offer to work as a lecturer at Sydney Law School. If I chose the latter, I suspect I would’ve gone on to become a criminal lawyer and barrister. However, I chose the former because I was excited by the prospect of doing something different. By that stage I had completed my PhD (which I partly did concurrently with my Law degree) and I knew that I loved teaching and research. But I also saw the possibility to make change through public debates and shaping students’ passion and understanding of justice.

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Legal Testimonials

Can you provide an outline for students on how they can also become a professor in law? Does a student need to have a masters or doctorate to be qualified for the position? Are there certain tests or experiences that a student may need to be eligible for the position?

The first step would be to apply for a PhD and this will give you a sense of what a life of research looks like and often give you exposure to teaching opportunities. A PhD can also be a pathway to employment in the law faculty. Recruitment rounds for academics are based on three criteria: research, teaching and service. As a PhD student it is important to have published articles, have taught core subjects and have contributed to the faculty life (including the culture of PhD students).

Having had several published works surrounding Indigenous dispossession of the law, how do you deal with the media attention or response to it?

Media engagement can be an important responsibility for an academic. However, often we are not setting the terms of that engagement. Attention to First Nations justice and sovereignty issues is often drowned out by a veracious media appetite for crime stories, especially those that denigrate First Nations people and other racialised groups.

Even though I do a lot of research with Aboriginal organisations on their excellent programs improving safety and combatting racism, the media is rarely interested in these.

Most of the media interview requests I receive is to provide commentary on the government 54

response to a crime (e.g. tougher bail laws, harsher sentencing etc).

I regularly initiate media engagement by publishing opinion pieces in The Conversation, Croakey, The Guardian, ABC and the Sydney Morning Herald. For example, earlier this year I appeared on Channel 9’s Under Investigation. I was on a panel that included senior Warlpiri man Ned Hargraves, a former police officer and a barrister. The program was on the police killing of Kumanjayi Walker in his family home in Yuendumu and the justice process. We discussed the racism in the Northern Territory police, the deliberate and reckless nature of the shooting and the Supreme Court decisions that shaped the trial of Constable Zachary Rofe and arguably contributed to his acquittal. I had researched the case for years but still felt apprehensive about the clarity of my responses. In the end, the program won a Walkley Award for diversity in journalism. But despite this measure of success, there is still no justice for Walker’s family and the need to keep raising these issues feels never-ending.

What advice would you give to students who may be thinking of pursuing a career in legal academia?

Are there some cons of the career that students should be aware of before considering it?

Do it! I think jump in now because once you go onto a legal career, it is hard to come back to academia. The major con would be the precarity of work. Higher education is very casualised and securing ongoing employment is extremely difficult, especially in this climate of sorely inadequate government spending.

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Careers Guide

Work Experience and Volunteering

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Work Experience and Volunteering

Work Experience and Volunteering Private International Law

All types of work experience are beneficial to add to your resume. When it comes to applying for a job in the legal industry, employers prefer candidates who have previously worked in the legal field. While it is an advantage for candidates to have legal experience, employers still value nonlegal work experience if it demonstrates fundamental skills that are transferable to the position you are applying for. Additionally, having work experience informs your employer of the experience you have gained and the skills you have picked up along the way that shape yourself as a future employee of the legal industry.

There are multiple opportunities to gain experience in the legal field. Some of these include a clerkship that you apply for in your penultimate year of study, working as a paralegal at a local firm, assisting a barrister in chambers and much more. As a law student, before reaching your final years of your degree, such work experience reveals the multiple aspects of the legal field and can allow for a deeper understanding of what to expect in your coming years of study and work. For law graduates, some of the opportunities above can count towards the minimum of fifteen days of work experience, required for your Practical Legal Training (PLT).

We all know that work experience in any field is important but in the context of the legal field, work experience is particularly important as it enables students to apply their theoretical knowledge to real life scenarios.

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If you were to only learn about law and apply them to fake scenarios, as an aspiring lawyer, you are restricting your ability to expand upon the lecture room to immerse yourself in the reality of the profession. Thus, even applying for miniscule jobs within the field is vital in your journey to becoming a legal professional.

Volunteering

While work experience often comes with a payslip, volunteering is equally as important.

It is always looked positively upon by employers and displays your selflessness and dedication to a cause. Employers want to see that you are passionate, hardworking and reliable which is showcased through the skill development you undergo in your free time.

You want to show that you can go above and beyond in what you do rather than playing it safe and only doing what you must do to complete your degree.

There are multiple opportunities to volunteer whether it be within UTS or in your own community. You can volunteer for non-profit legal organisations that provide free legal consulting services for those who cannot afford it or you can volunteer through the Brennan Justice and Leadership Program that appears on your degree certificate when you graduate. Alternatively, you can even volunteer by serving as a subcommittee, director or vice president of the UTS LSS. Ultimately, volunteering is a great opportunity which demonstrates that you are a well rounded individual.

Careers Guide

Choose your next move wisely SPONSOR

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We offer our graduates the opportunity to get hands-on experience, working on market-leading work in a down-to-earth environment where people thrive.

Our lawyers take on the work that reflects their ability, not their job title.

You will also benefit from our structured and bespoke professional development program.

There are no barriers to your success with us.

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SPONSOR

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A BETTER PLACE TO WORK 58

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Careers Guide

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Careers Guide

We would like to thank the following sponsors for their contributions to the guide

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