Utah Statewide Archaeological Society Newsletter, Volume 11, Number 4, December 1965

A Newsletter

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11.

Numh p t:" 4

December 1965

UTAH ST/ TE H1STfl?ICAL SOCIETY 603 E! 5T :::0UTH TEMPLE INDEXED c)ALT LAV\: CITY, UTAH

Pe troglyph Figure on Etched Slate Slab fro m Promontory Cave No. 3

UTAH ARCHAEOLOGY is published quarterly by the UTAH STATEWIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Sulr scription is included in membership. Membership in the society is available from the secretary-treasurer at $2.00 per year. Correspondence concerning the activities of the society should be directed to the presidept. All manuscripts and news items should be 'sent to: Utah Statewide Archaeology SOdety % Dept. of Anthropok>gy, University of Utah.

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, UTAH STATEWIDE ARCHEOWGICAL SOCIETY rHE~InENT: F. K. HRssel, 906 Rancho Blvd., Ogden, Utah PRES.-F.l,F.C'!'; GedL'gc W. Tripp, 98 West 2000 South, Bountiful, Utah SEC. TREAS.: C~rol Hassel, 906 Rancho Blvd., Ogden, Utah ADVISOR: Dr. J. D. Jennings, Uulv~re1ty of Utah Dept. of Anthropology, Salt LaKe City, Utah EDI'IDRIA4 r.()MMrlTC;l~ ; , r,bl ication, C. Melvtn Aikens, University of Utah Dept.

Lake I City, Utah; Distribution, , of Anthropology, Sal,t , George W. Tripp. 98 West 2000 South, Bountifwl, Utah 'I' "

Editor I

S

Notes

The featured 'article in this issue is a prelimiwu;-y repo:r;t of excavations by your Editor at an ,unusual Fremont cult;ure site on the eastern shore of the Great Salt Lake at Warren, Utah~ approximately 15 mi. ' northwest of OGden, Utah. The ,interpretation of the site has no't yet been worked out, in any detal.l~' but the site should prove to b~ of c'orisid~rable significallce t,,) our understanding of noethern Utah prehistory because of its unusual character. As . asidelight, this site probably never' would have been dU 8 were it not for the efforts of Fran Hassel, our esteemed President, who k~ew a good site when he saw one, and kept after the University of Ut2.h '[; Departmenbtof Anthropology to excavate it. FinaUy we did, and Ul''" re~:" i. ts ~V'ere well worth the effort. so, many thanks to Fran , for 'his stimulus al 'd encourage~ent: ' .

The second item in the Newsletter ' is by Joann Rich, who has contributed at' intere~ting tidbit to our new feature column, tlSherds: bits of this 'n t~Vl ~: '\I7e need more items of this sort from our membership to keep this column. .'.'. ~ :!..','P...

All of us get out ' in the hills, and have had interesting experitH.ces or pee:J. interesting sit~s that we could write about. So let's: Carol Hassel ,Secretary-Treasurer of the Society, has asked me' to ackn oT.:, l ,,~ ')ge \-;ith many thanks the contributions of the Ogden .($20), Sal t Lake-Davis :: ',<J), and Orem ($10) chapters toward the payments on the mimeograph machine (0 " , ~,~~ c;.. 'the Ne~!sletter is printed. ' Without these generous and timely contrib1J ';~i0n.c;, ~he payment could not have been made â&#x20AC;˘ .

I

is a gr~m reminder of the state of the Society's treasury--and this seems an appropriate time to remind all members that 1966 dues are dur~ , .. '~ ~hai: many 'have ~ot yet' paid their 1965 dues.

Without this money we uil: I~() t bs able 'to cover printing costs , of the newsletter ~ and oay even lose 0'<.1: ' D:lachine~ So please send in your $2.00 right now, ' before you have a ('.!. ; ,":" ~ P.. r.'l forget.

Send to' Carol Hassel, 906 Rancho Blvd., Ogden, Utah. Ple',; p" Th~s

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PRELIMINARY REPORT ON EXCAVATIONS AT THE INJUN CREEK SITE, WARREN i UTAH

by C. Melvin Aikens Prefaee 'fhe Injun Creek site (4~Wb34) was first recorded in H33, when it was briefly mentioned in 8 report by Julian Steward on the pueblo culture of northern Utah. In 1947, a report on several crania recovered from the western edge of the site area was published by Enger and Blair, but other a~tifacts, and architecture of the site ' remained unrecorded.

Subsequent to this work, scientific investigation of the area languished. In 1963. the extensiveness of the site and its probable importance to Utah prehistory, was emphasized by F. K. Hassel, of Ogden, Utah. Mr. Hassel, President of the Utah Statewide Archeological Society, reported to the University of Utah Department of Anthropology, his extensive reconnaissance of the Great Salt Lake shore in the vicinity of Ogden, noting that the Injun Creek site was the largest and apparently most promising to be found in the vicinity, and urging that excavation be conducted th~re.

In 1964, negotiations were entered by the University of Utah Department of Anthropology with the John Maw Family Corporation, owners, for permission to excavate the site. H. Gordon Havenor, northern Utah area newsman and friend of the Department of Anthropology, brought the site to the attention of Weber County Board of Commissioners, who became interested in it as a possible historic park location. The Commission took an opt ion to purchas e the sit e f rom the John Maw fa mil y, and a tenweek season of excavation by the University of Utah commenced on June IS, 1965, with the permission of the Commissioners.

The project was financed by National Science Foundation Grant no.

GS652. Material support was furnished by Weber County in the form of excavation caQP buildings, a generator, and other equipment. H. Gordon Have nor , as Coordinator of Archeology for Weber County, devoted many weekends to explaining the objectives and findings of the operation to the several thousand people who visited the site during the course of the summer.

Excavation crew members were P. O. Benson, Martin Hanson~ Everett Frost, Ronald Boyce, David Carlquist. David Jennings, Stan Sorenson, and Virginia Kosarko, University of Utah; Tom Zeidler, Rutgers University; Craig Sutton, Weber Collegej Herbert Jennings, St. Marks School, Salt Lake City; Robert Thomas, Weber High School, Ogden; and Jim Gale, Ben Lomond High School, Ogden. Drafted illustrations in this report are

by P. O. Benson. Field director was C. Melvin Aikens. The field work and preparation of this rpport were supervised by Jesse D. Jennings.

The Injun Creek site is located north of the sl:4all town of Warren, and approxitaately 15 mi. northwest of Ogden, Utah, in Sec 25 T7 N R3l>J (see inset, fig. 1). To the east of the site are oountains of the Wasatch Range, which reach elevations of over 9000 ft. The landscape in tha immediate vicinity of the site is essentially level alluvium, poorly drained in some areas, and dotted with small playas and wild fowl marshes. Geologically, this terrain is part of the ancient \'leber River delta. A small, meandering stream, Injun Creek, provided water for the inhabitants of the prehistoric village, and gives the site its name. The modern shoreline of the Great Salt Lake lies within 5 mi. to the west of the site area, and the shoreline of the Willard Bay of the lake lies within a mile to the north.

The present elevation of the lake surface 'is 4200 ft.; the site elevation val'ips between 4205 and 4210 ft.; thus, it is possible that in prehistoric times, before so many of the rivers flowing into the Great Salt Lake were dammed; or diverted for irrigation,by white men, the lake shore was at, or very near, the site. This 1:s conjectural and cannot be either proved or disproved by evidence presently available. It seems quit'e likely, however, in view of the fact that in 18~8 the lake reached a high stand of 4216 ft., which would have put the sit~ under 5 to 10 ft. of water.

This water level undoubtedly was not unique, and must have been approached and perhaps passed repeatedly in prehistoric times.

The farm land in the general vicinity of Injun Creek village is some of the best in Utah. The soil on portions of the site itself is adequate: for the growing of corn, beans, and squash (an experimental crop was started under irrigation during the excdvation period), but the land has remained pastural because uuch of it is alkali flat, and because its poor drainage makes levell ing and irrigation irnpracticable.

This circumstan'ce' has preserved the site from destruction. Undoubtedly many other, similar, sites once existed on the fertile 'iJeber River delta on th~ eastern shore of the Great Salt Lake, but have been destroyed by over 100 yrs. of cultivation by white farmers. A portion of the Injun Creek site (Enger and Blair 1947) has been so destroyed, as has a large site near Willard, Utah, several wiles to the northeast of Injun Creek (Judd 1926).

The Site Prehistoric occupation sites, repr~sented by concentrations of pottery sherds and stone tools and fragments, occur at a number of localities along the meandering cour~e of the Injun Creek. Invariably, these concentrations of artifacts are on'or near low natural mounds, 20 to 40 ft. in dia., and froo 1 to 3 ft. high, which are a characteristic feature of the site landscape. Most, but not all, fuounds show ~vidence of prehistoric activity. Although an exhaustive survey was not made, over 40 mounds show at least minimal traces of Indian occupation. Some occupation areas are known along the banks of Injun Creek to the north and southwest of the site area (outside section 25),' but the principal concentration lies within section 25 (fig. 1).

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Fig. 1.

Sketch map of Injun Creek site showing locations of IL10unds. (Drawn frot:! photographic enlargeli1ent of USGS 7!" quadrangle. Area shown is I tai. north-south. Contour interval 5 ft. Mound locations approximate.)

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Excavation On the east bank of Injun 9reek near the center of section 25 is a cluster of 13 mounds, all of which show evidence of prehistoric occupation~ Ten of these were excavated completely; two were tested. ApproAir..;ately 1/4 OL.· southwest of this main concentration of fLlounds were one mound that was fully excavated and a nearby one that was tested. Approximately 1/4 mi. north of the Qain concentration was another mound which was excavated and an ndjacent one that was tested. In addition to these, was one mound ca. 3/4 mi. northeast of the ffiain concentration that was partially excavated.-In all, 17 lUO\lndS were investig~ted. All the mounds away frolil the main concentration were. located, as was the oain gl-onping, on the east DAnk of Injun Creek.

The 17 excavated or tested mounds are numbered roughly as they occur frot.l southwest to northeast along the creek. Numbers 1 and 2 are at ~he southwest edge of the sample area; nos. 3-14 are near the c ent~r and constitute the main grouping; nos. 15 and 16 lie north of the center; and no. 17 is at the northeasternmost end of the area (fig. 1).

Excavation was initiated in the main r.lound grouping (nos. 3-14) with trench 1, a 230 fL long east-west e xploratory trench, laid out to intersect the edges of mounds 8, 9, and 10, and the center of oound 11. The trench also intersected two shallow depressions and an area of level ground between. The trench was laid out in this manner in order to obtain a quick ini~ial sampling of the three basic typ~s of topography at the site: mounds, depressions, and level areas. The pattern noted in this initial cut was subsequently fully verified by over SOD additional running ft. of trenches dug throughout the sit~ (trenches 2 and 3); cultural n:,aterials occurred only on or adjacent to th'~ r.l0unds, with little or no evidence of occupation in the depres. sions·.or on level terrain.

The trench also provided a preview of another ccndition that subsequently prove d to be consistent throughout the site: cultural material on the low, natural r.lOunds did not· extend below a depth of 8 to 12 in.

(One apparent e~ception was wound 8, where objects occurred up to 30 in. below surface. This, however, proved to be the result of soil disturban~e by rodents, which carried artifacts downward frow higher levels).

Thus, th~ stratigraphy of the site was uncowplicated. In all excavation units the Sal.le soil situation appeared; the top 6 to 12 in. of earth was a stratigraphically undifferentiated black sandy humus which contained cultural debris. Below that was sterile tan sandy clay, totally devoid of artifacts.

Full \:!xcavation of a mound consisted of stripping off th8 top layer (down to the top of thE: tan clay-sand), over the entire raised surface of the r.lound. Cultural features in the forra of pits and post hole patterns showed up clearly in the tan soil, and, although hUl"US

5

occasional vertical rod~nt burrows we re ~ncountered which at first appeared to be post holes, the y could be readily identifi~d as burrows by following th8~ for a little distance until th~y took a turn or opcn~d into a larg~r burrow. Testing, as opposed to full excavation of a r:.ound, consisted of digging a 5 ft. wide exploratory trench across the center of th~ r.lound.

Four ["!ounds, nos. 2, 12, 14, and 16, were tr-::ated in this fashion. All yielded traces of cultural debris, but did not appear rich enough to warrant full excavation in view of the ready availability of [,lOr e pror.tisingappe aring oounds nearby.

Of the 17 wounds e xcavated or tested, 3 revealed posthole patterns which have bee n inte rpreted as the remains of structure s, and 6 contained a total of 13 storage pits, 3 firepits, and a roasting pit. Four other storag8 pits, not on [.lOunds, were also located. In addition to these f e atures, 5 human burials were 8xcavat~d, of which 2 were in mounds, and 3 were irJDediately adjacent to l:lounds. (These phenomena are , de scribed below, UIld p r Cultural Features. )

The Injun Cre ek site presents a heretofore nearly unknown northern Utah variant of the Freoont culture . Ide ntification of the sit\;! as Freoont is based on the polished, SO[;letil'.",es surface-oanipulate.d typical Freraont gray\-Jare pottery t.lade by the coil-scrape L.iethod which occurs in abundance at the sit~. Conspicuous features of the site which set it off from the typical FreQont as previously known include a complete abse nce of ser.lisubterranean pithous e structures, the presence of a small perce ntage of coars e paddle-and-anvil made pottery, and the pre senc\;! of an unusual type of curve dblade d slate knif e , of \-lhich a nurabe r of sp2ciriens was found. The set:-.isubterrane an pithous e , Gissing at Injun Cre~ k, occurs at most Freoont sit~s reported, whil ~ paddled pottery and slate knives of th~ Injun Cre~k type are reported fr oo none . The Injun Creek site thus diff ~ rs significantly frou previously known Fn;Qont sites, giving a new perspe ctive to the Fret;lont CuI tur c. , and pres",nting the problem of how to int-.;rpret the cultural E-Ieaning of the s e diff;:;rences. HypothGs ~ s which oust b", e ntertain2d, and which should be considered as possible guides in future rc.search in this are a, include the possibilities that the cultural variation at In~un Creek is due to: (1) carryover of ancie nt cultural traits of the area into the Fre r.l0nt [-eriod; (2) d iffus ion (borrowing) of new traits fror:-. surrounding areas (Gre at Basin, Plate au, Great Plains) into the northe rn Utah Freuont culture, with these new traits crowding out old, "typical" FreDont traits; (3) mixing with "typical" Pr8[;10nt of a cillture or cultures frOt:! one of th\;!se areas, not by diffusion, but by actual oigration of peopl;:;s. Possibly all three factors will be found to have played a part, and a major obje:ctive of futurlo research should be to deteruine in what proportions e ach contributed to the synthesis which was the northern Utah Freraont culture variant.

6

No cllrbon¡¡ll.J. ('la.ws for t.h,,,, sit~~ havl! yet r.p,:'n u\.Jll'lin. >.d, but samp12s are in hand, and dates will be availabl~ by the time the final report on th'-'. ~i1-.e is prepar2d.

For the pr~sent, the site Q.ay be tentatively dat~d to the reriod approxiuately A.D. 900-1200, on the basis that the r~covered cerawics are identical to types found at three other Utah sites which have been carbon-14 dated in that tiDe range. These sites and their dates ar~: the Bear River site, Box Elder county, A.D. 885+ 120 (Harold W. Krueger, Geochron Laboratories, letter dated June 7,1965); the Old WO('1an site, Sevier county, A.D. 1060+200; and the Poplar Knob site, Sevier county, A.D. 1170+250 (Flint and-Deevey, 1959). Two oth~r Freoont sites, Snake Rock in 'S~vier county (Aikens 1965), and the Caldwell site in Uinta county (Aobler 1965), have carbon-14 dates in the A.D. sao's. These determinations are considered, however, in the light of other eyidence, to be erroneous, and are not considered in esti(.~ting the date of the Injun Creek site.

The length of time the site was occupied is a l~tter of conjecture, with a period of SO to 100 years perhaps a reasonable guess. The absence of soil stratigraphy at the site u1akes it¡ i[.1possibl.:: to deteruinc the relative sequence of occupation of its various localities. It seems unlikely that all were occupied at precisely the same timB, but whether they were or were not cannot be deteru,ined with the available data.

That all Were in a general way conteuporaneous, however, is indicated by the sioilarity of artifacts fron every part of the site.

Cultural Reconstruction The 1 ifeway represeilted at the Injun Creek site rJay be characterized by the following: r Econor.:1Y The people of Injun Creek were apparently horticulturists, growing corn, beans, and squash. No actual re[~ins of these plants have been found, but the numerous storage pits and grinding tools at the site suggest the storage and use of plant foods. and in other Freoont sites where vegetal food materials have been preserved, these three plants were predominant. Large quantities of anioal bone also occur at the site, indicating that the inhabitants placed considerable eo.phasis on hunting as well. The bones have not yet been carefully exao.ined, but field identifications indicate the presence of large aniraals such as deer. and of rodents, waterfowl, and a very few fishes.

Dwelling and Storage Posthole patterns revealed at the site arc inter~reted as the remains of three above-ground structures of pole and mud construction. One rectangular coiled clay o.asonry storag~ structure was also found. Two posthole patterns were circular in outline, one was roughly rectangular. One structure had two shallow floor basins of unknown use. None of the others had any interior floor features, other than postholes, but one unit had 7

an outdoor firepit a few feet beyond its east end. The function of thes~ structures is uncertain; the apparently fliosy construction may indicate that they were l'Jerely shades or rawadas rather than enclosed-walled buildirtgs (see Structures, below), and the lack of firepits makes it seem unlikely thnt even if they were substantial structures, they served as dwellings. On the other hand, three outdoor firepits and onc possible outdoor roasting pit were foune at the site, and it oay be that the inhabitants did indeed utilize the structur(~ for shelter, doing their cooking out of ~oors. In line with this interpretation, the pr~sence of artifacts, but no structures, on [aany of the c.,ounds excavated suggests that they too functioned as outdoor use areas.

Apparent storage facilities arc represented by 17 pits, 18 to 48 in. in dia., and 12 to 24 in. in depth, which were found scattered throughout the excavated area (Table 2). These pits are no more than dug hol~s, with no lining of any kind on the walls or floors. No evidence of roofing over r;.ost of these pits was found, but it [.lay be presUfJed that they were roofed in SOl.J.e way, probably with sticks and Dud, since in th,.:! fill of one of the,_, lUL1ps of stick-iQpr~ssed burned clay were found. Entry then Day have been through a small hatch in the roof, but this is conjectural.

Pollen saDples were taken frow the fill of the pits, and a determination of whether they actually were>. used for storage, and if so, of the kinds of plants they held, hay be indicated by pollen analysis. The results of this analysis will be included in the final report on the site.

The storage pits, as well as the large nuubers of artifacts that occur at the site, show that the site was occupied over a considerable period of tir:.e, though the actual length of the period is a matter of conjecture. The relative fliasiness of the>. structures, and the>. fact that they contained no interior fireplaces, sugge~ts, however, that this occupation ['-18Y have been restricted to the SU\~lfc1er gardening season only, with the inhabitants rE!turning to nearby, Gore pert:..ianent villages with heated houses, for the winter.

CeretJ.ollial Recovered r:.aterials interpreted as cerec,onial in nature include one oiniature anthropoworphic (female) figurine of unfired clay (Fig. s,e), and the fraglT.ents of two other unfired clay figurines.

These figur~s have counterparts, some of them quite elaborate, in other Frer.10nt sites, and they¡ are siL,ilar also to the large anthropor.lOrrhic figures of Freuont rock art. The well-defined stylization, careful finish, and wid8spread distribution of this figurine type precludes the interpretation that they were ,:lere "knicknacks" or children's toys, and they are interpreted as being reI igious in character. Presur.1ably they functioned in rain and fertility ritual, as do the socewhat sieilar modern Hopi katchina dolls. co~plete

Cultural Features Cultural features include structures, firepits, storage pits, and burials. These are described in order below.

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Structures Four structures were excavated at the site. Three were of pole and r:IUG construction, anG one was of coursed adobe. All were erected on the then-existing ground surface.

Structure 1 Structure 1 occurs on Dound 1, at the southwest end of the site. The structure is indicated only by a pattern of post holes; no excavation, oasonry, or paving. either with clay or with stone, ar,:;. involved in its construction. The unit is roughly circular in fOrr.l, ca. 17 ft.' in dia.

The floor is the use-packed flat natural ground surface which existed at the tLGIE: of construction. This surface is approxioatdy 10 in. be10"1 the. level of the Llodern surface.

Floor features include two shallow bowl-shaped basins placed offcenter in the floor of the structure, one near the southwest wall, and holes which ~1"'~1A.r('atc a rough square around the centerpoint of the floor.

The shallow floor basin in the southwest quadrant of the structure is 24 in. in dia., and 4 in. deep. The basin in the southeast quadrant is 16 in. in dia., and 2 in. deep. Neither basin was burned around its edges, and they thus ap~arently did not serve as firepits, even though their placeDent inside the structure suggests that they wight have.

Their function is unknown. The [aain roof support postholes range between 6 and 12 in. in dia., and between 16 and 24 in. in depth. In the northeast quadrant of the structure, the [.lain support post is supplet.lented by three additional posts placed near it, as if to give extra support to a weak portion of the roof.

The outer edses of the structure. are represented by 3 to 4 in. dia. pole holes, ~mich are spaced ca. 3 ft. apart around the south side of the building, and 6 to 10 ft. apart around the north side. These holes are 4 to 7 in. in Gepth. Three holes on .the southeast edge of the structure were canted inward, toward the building's center. Th~ oth~r holes were not as well defined as these three, and their degree of verticality could not be eleteruined ~lith confidc:.nce. The fra,-u~work suge;estec by the roof support posts' and imJard-canted \olalls is that of a truncated cone. During excavation then:: were recovered frau the. fill of the structure a nULJbcr of pie.ces of pole and stick-iupressed burned clay daub, suggesting that this fral.leWork was cov~red with additional, perhaps horizontal, poles with uud packed bet\-leen, in presur.;ably typical jacal construction. An artist's conjectural reconstruction of this unit, based on the post pntterns found in the e;round., and the fraguents of daub found in the fill, is presenteel in Fig. 2. Caution LIUSt be observed in accepting this int2rpretation, however. The four-post patt~rn and circular outline of the structure ar~ re[Jiniscent of a widespread Southwestern and Fr<:!clOnt pithouse pattern, and this siuilarity lends support to th~ notion that the structure had substantial jacol walls, as have Southwestern and Freuont pithouaes.On the other hand, it is possible that the unit was uerely a rarmda-like shade or an insubstantial pole and ,-lUd hut t which is the interpretation suggested for structures 3 and 4. The first interpretation seeDS the be.tter in this case, but it is offered with reservations.

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I

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r .

, B , .

Fig. 2.

\-- )

,

Structure. 1. A, conjectural reconstruction based on posthole pattern and fragments of pole-iopressed clay found in excavation. B, ground plan.

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Structure 2 Found overlying the floor of structure I was the reonant of a rectangular coursed clay storage bin, built after structure 1 was abandoned.

(That the bin was built after structure 1 was abandoned, and was not an interior feature of structure 1, is attested by the fact that its wall partly covered one of structure l's roof support post holes.) The wall of the bin was represented by a single rec;aining course of a wall of clay Dud, ca. 5 in. wide, and 3 to 4 in. high. The bin's south end was not located7 having apparently been destroyed prior to excavation. The dioensions of the preserved portion were, width, 3 ft.j length, 8 ft.

There was no prepared floor, and no floor features.

-Structure - ----.3 Structure 3 occurs on oound 4 (a 80und in the central portion of the site). As with structure 1, structure 3 is indicated only by a pattern of postholes. The unit is roughly circular, ca. 20 ft. in dia. (Fig.3).

No prepared floor or use surface was located during excavation. The approxiLlate US(;;! level was defined by reaoving culture-bearing soil until sterile was reached, at which point excavation was halted. This level apparently corresponds to the ancient ground surface, and is approxioately 6 to 10 in. below the oodern surface.

Interior features were a two-post interior roof support. The two roof support posts occur along the oidline of the structure, and are spaced 11 ft. apart. One posthole is 12 in. in dia. and 24 in. in depthj the other is 13 in. in dia. and 20 in. in depth.

The outer edges of the structure are represented by 3 to 4 in. dia. pole holes, which are spaced sotlewhat irregularly around the circuuference of the unit, between 4 and 8 ft. apart. The poles were set vertically, "'hich suggests a cylindrical t flat-roofed structure. A sr.1a11 aL10unt of pole-ir:lpre.ssed fire ~ hardened clay was found in th(;; excavation, indicating that the pole frar.le.work was plastered with clay.

Structure 4 Structure 4 occurs on t~lound 13 (a Dound in the central portion of the site). Siuilar to structures 1 and 3, structure 4 is indicated only by a pattern of postholl2.s. Th~ unit is trapezoidal in forLt, 13 ft. long, 9 ft. wide at the narrow end, and 14 ft. long at the broad end. As was the case with structure 3, no pr~pared floor or us~ surfaCe was located during excavation, and the approxioate use l~vel was detenained by reooving culture-bearing soil until sterile was reached, at which point excavation was halted. This level apparently corresponds to the ancient ground surface, and is approxiDatel y 4 to 8 in. below the 1.Iodcrn surfac2.

Interior features are two post holes 4 and 6 in. in dia., ca. 6 in. in depth, and 18 in. apart. These perhaps represent props supporting the roof of the structure, but this is conjectural. No firepit occurs within the structure, but one does occur outsid~ it, 7 ft. frou the broad end of the building (see !ir ~E~!! J below).

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six vertically s ~ t postholes (Fig. 4). It is not ~ntirely ch!ar whethGr these are to be interpreted, as ttw outer walls ofa building, as a serie s of intl;!rior roof supports, ,or as the supports of a ral.~ada-l ike s tructure. In vi w of th wid spacing b ~ ttvei;:n th\.! posts, an interpretation of thc tl a s int2rior supports seer.1S c os t likt.!l y to b~ correct. No indic a tions of pol s which cli g nt have bean h~ an...: d fr Ol.: a cribwork around the t o s of the support posts out ward to the c round to f on t the walls of th\:.! structuH: were found, though such indications wOUld be difficul tto d<;;;t e ct and (.Iight have been tJissed in excavation. \-!ith such walls, thl;! building would have been a hut or hogan-lik,=, structure; without theL.l, it would have b ~en a raDada.

A swall a~ount of fire-hardened pole-iupressed c~y found in the excavation shows that the structure frauework was covered at least in part with [;.ud daub.

Defining the outline of the structure

8 to 10 in. in dia., and 6 to 14 in.

ar~

de~p

Fir8pits and Roasting Pit , Thr~e circular, basin-sha t ed p its, filled with ash and charcoal~ and bu r neo: d to a light br ick r e d color around the edges, are identifie d a s fi r ep i t s. On ¡ large trough-sha ped pit, also filled with ash and ,charcoal and bu r n.;!d around it s e dg s, is, becaus~ of its siZe and de pth, interpr e t e d as a roa s t ing pit. The s ~ pits are n<::ither line d nor rir.med, but a r e s i u , ly hole s dug into the st ~ ril clay-sand subsoil of the site. None of t hc~ oc curs within a stru c tu re , and only one occurs ev~n near a structur e ; the o the rs occur on ~ounds which had no buildings, but appear to have functio ne d as outdoor us ~ are as. Locations of the pits, and their d i oensions, are give n in Tab l ~ 1. Pit no. 1 is the roasting pit, and nos . 2-4 a r e fire pit s.

Roasting

~it

Table 1 and firepits at Injun Cre ek site

Pit no.

1

uound 5

riD 102" by 27"

e lliptical

2

Dound 8

rill 19"

circular

3

wound 13 ril.-, 23"

4

(.lound 15 riL. 19"

22"

---~

ash, charcoal, daub

6"

', ----./

ash, charcoal

circular

7"

'L/

charcoal

circular

6"

12

-L-r

charcoal, daub

•

•

.'

•

f

, ,;

•

(II

•

I' : 6'

• Fig. 3.

Str.·I]("t.llH?

3 gt'ound

•

pl~n.

o •

questionabl e post hole

•

• --.

I

' ...

Fig. 4.

Structure 4 ground plan.

13

:

-"

fire pit

1":6'

Storagli; Pits Seventeen pits of circular or ~lliptical forw, filled in sev~n cases with greasy huuus soil which indicates that organic uaterial had decaye d within the o, and, also in most cases containing artifacts, are id~nti­ field as storage pits. Th.:.:se pits are not lined, but are siuply holes dug into the sterile clay-sand subsoil ~f th~ site. Fraguents of stickic..pressed clay daub found in the fill of one of the!.l suggests that the y ~~y have been covere d with roofs of sticks and Qud. Non~ of the pits occurs within a structure, and only one occurs even closely adjA.cent to a structure. The majority (12) occur on structure 1ess l.lOunds which seemingly functioned as use areas, but four occur in flat t e rrain away frohl uounds. Locations of the pits, and their dil:lens ions. are given in Table 2.

Tabl e 2 Storage pits at Injun Creek site Pit no.

Location

-----

lyJax. dia.

- -~ ---

- --Ria -

_._-

out .. _.. line

Section -----

Max. ---de t h

~ --

Fill

cn:ek bank of mound 3

riul 48"

circular

12 "

-\_J

2

r.1ound 4

rir.1 96" by 24"

kidne y shap ed

14"

-

3

uound 5

ril:l 90" by 48"

irre g. dliptical

14"

4

northwest of t:lound 6

rita 132 " by 48"

elliptical

24"

----,'-

5

Dound 8

rill 42"

elli~tical

12"

'~

6

oound 10

riLl 114" by 30"

elliptical

8"

~

hUDus

7

Qound 10

rhl 82"

dliptical

9"

~

hUG:lUs

1

we ~t

by 68"

8

* Pit

southwe st of Dound 12

riD 38 "

unknown *

24"

,r

...........~. _ â&#x20AC;˘ ..,.J

-"

~

--

,-""'-

.J

vie we d only in cross-section; not cQ[1pletely e xcavated

14

humus

hucms

hUQU3

huuus

charcoal, huuus

hUDus

Table 2 (continued) Storage pits at Injun Crepk sit", Pit no.

9

Locat.ion southw~st

IvJax, di~<'l'

.Rim outline

Iviax.

ยงepth

rio 42"

unknown *

18"

of Gound

Fill -Section - _._--~ huous

12 10

c]Qund 15

rio 60"

circular

36"

L-"/

11

r:.ound 15

ri(;1 72 "

circular

36"

\ .. //

12

oound 15

ritel 48 "

circular

18 "

greasy hm,ms

/

greasy huc,us

L---/" gn'.:\sy hUr..1US

~

13

Gound 15

rill 78"

circular

18"

14

Glound 15

rit.1 72 "

circular

18"

~

15

mound 15

ril':l 72 "

circular

30"

\, ..,.1

greasy hUDUS

16

\;lound 15

riu 44"

circular

36"

-V

greasy hur.ms

17

1IL0und 17

riG:! 50" by 42"

pear-shaped

"--/

hur..ms

*Pit

7"

greasy b.ut.:ms greasy hur.:ms

viewed only in cross-section; not coc,pletely excavated Burials

One doubl e burial (burials I, 2) and thr ~ singl e burials (burials w~ re e xcavate d at the site.

Two of th singlE; intaroents occlJ.!:red in nounds. The third sin~l e burial, and the double burial, occurred in flat t e rrain adjacent to mounds. All tha burials originated frmil a level at or within inches of the present surface. The precise level of origin is obscured by the 4 to 6 in. deep disked zone, but all were buried frau no lower, and rossibly fro[U higher, than the bottOLI of the disturbed layer.

3-5)

15

The C! xtreLle shallowness of [Jos t of the burials raises the question whe ther the gen(e.ral site surface has been r8duced froQ a higher level by sheet erosion sinc~ the interuents were:. uade. \Vind erosion conceivably could have had this effect if the site surface were devoid of veg~tation.

However, no sand dunes or blowouts occur on the site, and there is thus no evidence that such erosion has actually taken place.

The negative evidence therefore favors the interpretation that the present surface is essentially the satle as that existing at the tit:Je of the site's occupation, and that the burials are shallow because the Indians Dade theu so.

The skeletal l,:taterial has not yet been studied in the laboratory, und the age and sex determinations given below are based only on cursory field OhSPL¡Vi:lt.inns. Thus, they must be cOllsidered as tentRtive and subject to error, pendil~ a fuller study to be incorporated in the final report of the site.

Burial 1 A relatively undisturbed burial, probably an adult Dale, was situated in the south end of a shallow pit 15 ft. north of the nQrth edge of c.1ound 4.

Orientation:

heaG to west.

Position: lying on stoLiach, facing south. Legs loosely sec.i-flexed, knee s pointing south. Right and left ar~s tightly flexed, with hands und e r fac e . Rodent disturbance has re~oved or destroyed the left scapula, and disarticulated the skull frOc.l the vertebral colurJn below the atlas.

Bey ond this, the skeleton was co~pl~tely articulat e d.

Assoc'iations: De pth below

none.

pres~nt

surface:

winilJuw, 6 in.; r:lll.xil:-lUl:l, 16 in.

The burial occurred in the south end of an oval pit 10 ft. by 7 ft. in diaoeter and 16 in. deep. In the north e nd of the saLle pit, .~~. 6 ft. frau burial 1, occurred burial 2.

Fill of the pit in the area of burial 1 ~as dark huuus soil.

Burial 2 A rodent-disturbed burial, probahly an adult feoale, was situated in the north end of a shallow pit 15 ft. north of the north edge of hlOUnc. 4.

Orientation:

head to west.

Position: lying on right side, legs tightly flexed. Upper torso by rodent disturbance; which also has de stroyed skull.

scra[;1bl~d

Associations:

none.

Depth below present surface:

(Jinhmu, 6 in.; o8xitlutl, 16 in.

16

'.

The. burial occurred ~lJ:1;;'he ~crtb' end 'Of the same pit which t.arbore.d burial 1. This pit was :' Illuch larger than necessary to accot:.1oodat8 two int~rL1ents, and apparently originally was dug for SOL.1e other purpose, perhaps as a borrow pit. Slightly lighter coloration and sandier tâ&#x201A;Ź~xtur-.; of the hUl:ms fill covering burial,2 frol., that occurring about burial 1 suggests that the burials oay not hav\..; be.::n CladE; at the SaL.Le time. The relative ,tiLll; order of the two burials could not, however, be de tert.l inea.

Burial 3 A .rodent-disturbed burial, probably an adult [Jale, was situated in a pit on th", south side of hlound 8, just below its crest.

Orientation:

Head up.

Position: sitting, facing north, arws at sides with elbows flexed and hands in front of chest. Lower body below luubar region not found with upper torso. Disarticulated leg bones, pelvis, and cne partially articulated foot were found in a badger burrow 15 ft. east of the torso, on approxiLlately the satae level.

Associations: bone beads. Because of extensive burrowing through burial, provenience is uncertain. Association r.~y be aprarent rather than real.

Depth bl:.low present surface:

1.1in iUUlJ, 16 in.; Llaxir.,ufti, 30 in.

The iwwediate vicinity of the burial was badly disturbed by a badger burrow. The pe 1 vi~ and 1 o~r 11lclb bones Were severed fro[cL the torso and dragged to a point 15 ft. away, appar.:ont'ly bdore the fleshy parts of the body had fully decouposed, since all were found in a cluster, with one ~oot still in partial articulation.

Burial 4 A disturbed burial, probably an adult c~le, was situated on the southeast edge of t.:;ound 10.

Orientation:

head to northeast.

Position: lying on back. Skull was dauag8d by disking disturbance, and th~ direction it was fa~ing could not be d~terwin2d.

Right leg flexed, kno2~ to north. L~ft leg and left half of pelvis ~issing, but flat-lying position of trunk and right half of pelvis indicates thnt the left leg was not fl~xed oVer the right. ,Thus, it Llay have bl.!E.:n either extended or flexc.d with the knee to the south. Right arr., 8xt<:::nded parallel to trunk, with hand under lower leg. Left arc and scapula are also wissing.

Associations:

grayware pottery sherds.

Depth below present surface:

t.1iniraUfJ, 3 in.; maxiLlUl<I, 10 in.

17

No burial pit. was obsprv.;> iI. The sk r-~l~~ton was 1 yiug un dark hucus soil, and was covered by hU[luS soil. A fre;w frag[aents of charcoal OCClJr ;t[.l0ng and under the bones, and the right hand is blackened as if by charring. EvidenCe of burning is too slight to warrant the suggestion that this was an atte~pt at crecation, and neither is there evidc;nce around the skeleton of any substantial structure which wight have been burned down over the dead laan. Perhaps a very fli[,1sy brush wikiup which le;ft no e;nduring traces in thtc ground rJight have; been involved, but this is purely conjectural.

Burial 5 A disturbed child burial was situated in a pit 10 ft. east of the east edge of an unexcavatcd mound west of the creek, ca. 3/4 mi. north of the oain wound cluster.

Orientation:

head to northeast.

Position: lying on left side, legs tightly flexed. Left arm extended parallel to trunk, with hand near knees. Right arLl l:tissing.

Associations: A grinding slab frag~ent, chipped stone fragments, and graywar~ pottery, were found in the fill of the burial pit.

D8pth below present surface: tliniuuG, 0 in. (fragl:lents of the skull were visible on the surface); laaxiuuu, 12 in.

The body was in an oval pit. Disking and surface erosion had exposed the skull and right side of the body, and the right aro and right side of the skull w~re d~stroyed.

Artifacts Artifacts conoisted solely of non-perishables--pottery, chipped and ground stone, and bone. The artifacts will be fully d~scribed in the final report on the site. Here only a brie f general sUDhlary is attelapted.

Pottery POttery is the Clost nur.:.erous artifact collected at the site.

Field observations indicate that Gost belongs to a s~ooth-surfaced grayware with d8nse past2 and fine te~per. This pottery app~ars to have been r.~de by the coil-scrape process. Another type, which occurs in lesser, but still significant quantity, is an undulatingsurfaced gray-to-black ware with rather friable paste and coarse teuper. This appears to be (cl8de by the paddle-and-anvil (,Ie.thod.

By far the greatest percentage of the pottery is r=-lain-surfaced, but a slliall percen t.ag0. of surface-uc'lnipula ted inc ise.d and punched

18

A

B

1:1

C

~------

, .,

..

;" '. ¡------------------~-7

~

1:1~~------------~-------~.

, ': ~~

.~-;.~ ----D

E

."

I-

/.

I

I

L

-..~ ----­

...

I

f

\.~

j ".

'.

Fig. 5.

1:1

ca. 1: 1

Representative artifacts from Injun Creek. A, slate knife; B, chipped stone projectile points; C, bone awls; D, slate pendant; E, unfired clay figurine.

19

pottery also occurs. Painted pottery is very rare, only several sherds having beli!n recovered. No cotolplete vessels were found, but two partially restorable jars were recovered and are being put back together in the laboratory.

In addition to pottery, one complete and two fraguentary unfired clay anthrupoGlOrphic figurines were found. The co~plete speciD~n, a f enale, is presented in Fig. 5.

Chipped Stone.

Chipped stone artifacts include projectile points, blades, and scrapers. Materials used are quartzite, chalcedony, and occasionally obsidian. Representative projectile points are illustrated in Fig. 5.

Ground Stone Ground stone artifacts include [;lanOS I me.tates I curved-blad8d slate kn ':vcs I and st:1all flat rectangular slate pe ndants or tablets. Manos are Chiefly of the soall, one-hand variety, with either one or two grinding surfaces. One cooplete st:1all scoop L.etate was found; other uetate spe cil~(ens were fragrc.entary. A typical slat ÂŁ' knife and a typical pe ndant ar e illustrate.d in Fig. 5.

Worked Bone Nost of the work ed bone specir:.ens recovered were awls. Thes e were usually fashioned by splitting a long bone such as the cannon bone of a deer, and then working the splinter to a point. Oft en the head of the bone rel:1ains on the handh: e nd of the awl. Nost specir...ens show considerable use polish. A soall cache of bone beads which WE:re L.lade by cutting a bird bone into thin disks also was found.

Unworked Bone Unworked bone fragments were numerous. Large ma~mals including d8e r, and s mall rodents and birds were we ll represente d. The reoains of two fishe s, proport.ionately a sl,tall percentage of the total fauna, also were found. Host of the r e covered u8Dl.,al bone wns split, r.robably for the extraction of [aarrow.

20

References Aikens, C. Melvin 1966 Excavations at the Snake Rock Site.

MS, Departoent of Anthropology, University of Utah.

Aob1er â&#x20AC;˘.1. Richard 1965 Excavations at the Caldwell Site.

MS, Depart~ent of Anthropology, University of Utah.

Eng'~I'

1947

â&#x20AC;˘ Walter D., and William C. Blair Crania from the Warren Mounds and Their Possible Significance to Northern Perirhery Archeology. Aoerican~nti~~~, Vol.l3, No.2, pp. 142-l46. Salt Lake City.

Flint, R. F., and E. S. Deevey 1959 Radiocarbon Supplement, Vol. 1.

New Haven.

Judd, Neil M. 1926 Archeological Observations North of the Rio Colorado.

But'e~u of A,r.1erican Ethnology, Bulletin 82. tlashington.

Ste\o,ard, Jul ian H. Early Inhabitants of \Jestern Utah, Part I--MouncJs and Reuse 1933 Types. Univ~rsity of Utah Bulleti~, Vol. 23, No.7.

Salt Lake City.

21

SHERDS bits of this 'n that ...

Share an interesting archeological experience or an unusual artifact with readers of the Newsletter. Do you have a question of an archeological nature? He will try to answer it in this colur:m. Address corr8spondence to the Editor.

Hunter's Hide-a-way If you're following the so called 'road' up the wash in Bull's Canyon, Duchesne County, you'll surely !:liss Hunter's Hide-a-way. The rock work of the dwelling blends so perfectly with the ledge on which it rests, that it takes an experienced eye to notice it. However, if you're lolling along on a cow pony, approaching froL1 the other direction, with tirJ.e to look around, you're sure to sry the ancient dwelling and enjoy a closer look. Even though the sheer ledge on three sides of the pinnacle drops into the canyon floor, the hind side slopes into a 'saddle' that fLine;es frOLl the (J.ountain proper. After cl iDbing into the saddle and to the base of the pinnacle, it's quite easy to scale the ten feet of lodge and ga in access to the Hide-a-way. There is one sma 11 circular dwelling about five feet in diameter on the right. The rock work is neat, drylaid rJasonry and stands about four feet high. The curious thinG o.bout the round wall is a sClall 'window' boxed in with straight ede;ed rock. It is a foot square and waist high. There are two other floor Qreas to the left of this rOOL1 that have rer.mants of wall tUClbled over th"'-,Cl. On the first visit to the Hide-a-way, I gazed over the surrounding des e rt terrain of greasewood filled washes cutting into the wountains, and wondered why this type of dwelling was built. But this sUliltJer:s visit was diff2rent! Peeping through the 'winom," I saw a spring oozing froD the slope into the saddle, and a definite game trail wound through the rocks there. When I crossed over to the other two floor areas, I CQuld see the lazy trickle of water in th8 wash bottoG. In another direction, a spring seeps froD und2r an overhang. This past year with so u\.lch (Joisture oakes these watering places evid~nt. Little ir:-,agination is needed to invent a scene of an Indian hunter \<Jaiting behind the wall for a try at gam~, using the 'window' to shoot through. Of course, this explanation may be erroneous, but it was fun trying! I don't know if the site has been ~reviously na~ed, so it is that I call it the Hunter's Hide-a-way.

by Joann Rich

22

CLUB NEHS Cache Geological and Archeol.ogical Societ.,!

Officers Prenident: Vice -Pres.: Secretary: Historian:

Clayton C. Neil&eu, Lewiston, Utah Oswell S. Clarke, N~wton, Utah Roland Mort e nsen, Trenton, Utah Gladys Hansen, 263 Lauralin Drive , L08an, Utah

M~e ti n gs

Tic.e: 7:30 p.D., second Thursday of each nwnth Place: EQployr,lent Off.ice, 446 North, Is t tle st, Logan, Utah News Th e Cache Arche ological and Ge ol ogical Society has ~njoye d this past ye ae a varied and active progr"al!l in the fon.:, of lectures, socials, field tri p s. and individual r e ports on field activities. Our club meets once a [Jonth, an d throug h the courtesy of the uncr,ll: loYl.",8nt bureau in Logan, Utah, ~'<:: have e njoye d th e ir uodern and spacious lecture hall that accot::L1o dat, ·s filC! proj e ction as w211 as lecture situations. "~1 <.:. have also b ee n fortuna te in obtaining the servic e s of cOloipetent and we ll inforl~1~d archeolog ical and eeolor;ical pe rsonne l frat" our university. Our cOI:llili tt ee n have functioned in a clanner that Llakes our club active, proud, and prosre ssive. Our fi e ld trips have been a success unde r the able direction of Roy Sore:nsen, a charter w.;r.:lber of our club, who is our field trip chairl.lan. The r e d horn coral will long be rrized by all who ciade the field trip to Kanas, Utah.

He a r e holding our club Christuas social Dec. 9 undGr the co-chain-lans hip of Hr. and IVlrs. Ellis Kingsford. Rock speciums will be exchan!!ed as Christr:ias gifts a[,10ng the r.le n, and the ladies will contributi:! sor;,,,, of the ir handiwork as exchang e gifts. Potluck will be the main f e atur e of th"-! ev"-!uing at the Logan 4th l-1ard r ~ cr·2ation and cultural hall.

Thi.'! norJinating cOLlr..litte e under the chairLlanship of Oscar Grunig will pres e nt a roster of candidates for the cowing year, and e lections will follow after a splendid t:lusical prograLI prepared by the f. i.ngsfords.

This has bee n a l.:.08 t successful year, thanks to an activ~ , enthusiast:i_c and reliabl e club De ~b e rship.

Roland H. f.lort.;nsen, Corresponde nt

Ogden Chapt e r, Utah Statewide Archeoloe ical Society Officers Pn"sident: Mrs. Jerrold (NorDa) Dalton, 829 North 100 We st, Suns e t, Utah Vic e -Pres. : Mrs. Ronald Fikc, 1135 Maxfield Drive, Ogden, Utah Se c. Treas. :Mrs. Charl e s (Leah) Wanczyk, 1260 Cross St., Ogd~n, Utah t>1E.:e t ~ !!.(£l.

Thle : 8:00 r.c:'., first Fricay of each clonth Place : HO r..1E? of one of the wCu1b c:: rs 23

News MerJbers of the Ogc'len Chapter we. 1COI;W np.t.l r"e[;)het-s Michie 1 and Jean Burson and l{c>nnC'.t-h ."Iud Dorothy llildoner. The Bursons have lived in Sunset many :'-0!lrs; Mr. Burson is a fonlcr oayor of Sunset.

The \lildonets recently taoveo fn>lJ. CAl ifDLId.q to Kaysville.

On Oct. 1, 1965, our meeting was held at the hotae of Fran and Carol Hassel.

Mr. NorGlan Pitt of Ogden brought two enormous scapbooks called "Out Where the West Begins." They contain newspaper clippings, articles, and publications with pictures of western history. There were many pictures of fataous Indians and stories of different cultures. We enjoyed ~k. Pitt's collection and appreciatcd having him share it with us.

He oet in the home of Michiel and Jean Burson on Nov. 5, 1965. Our guest speaker was Mr. Gordon Keller, Associate Professor of Anthropology at Utnh State University. Mr. Keller showed slides of his work in south~astern Ut.qh (Grand Glllch) and gave an excellent lecture Nor~

Dalton, Correspondent

Sal t Lake-Davis ÂŁhapte r Officers President: Secretary:

Grant Reeder, 11.D., 1969 South Claretaont Drive, Bountiful, Ftdh Afton Crawford, 829 \>lest, 1500 South, Woods Cross, Utah

lYlee tings Titae: 8:00 p.m., usually fourth Thursday of each Glonth; cards are mailed to members to reGlind them of meetings. Place: Anthropology Mus e um, Bldg. 411, University of Utah (Fort Douglas Annex).

News lie have held three oeetings this season. Beginning in Septembe.r, the proeram for the first taeeting was presented by Melvin Aikens of the Univers ity' s Anthropology Department. He showed 81 ides and discussed the study at Uest I/arren in Weber County which was done last suomer.

At the October Lleeting Le Van lVlartineau from Snnta Clara, Utah, talked about his study of peti":~"'C'Ph.~. He also demonstrated his stone chipping technique. In Noveclber Bob "Apache" HcLean perfon.led soo.e Indian dances and explained their ~caning. The costUGlâ&#x201A;ŹS he wore were his own work, handmade and exact copies of authentic costuhles.

Some of us have Dade brief exploratory ~~cursions looking for sites, SOLle into the southwest deserts, some into the. Colorado Plateau. Afton Crawford tried the Nine Mile Canyon tour and got storQed out. She tried the Kanab area and had to call the gaoe because of rain. The Allreds figured out a way to locate sites befor~ they got there--which works.

I had heard about the pictographs in Horseshoe Canyon which had been de scribed as the Qost spectacular mural of Fremont paintings known.

We \-lent to have a look and saw four groups of pictographs. The largest grour is a uural nearly one hundred feet long with figures 8 or 9 feet tall. It is this group the Arizona Highways a few issues back captioned: The Painted Hen of Hors e shoe Canyon. The paintings are fairly well preserve.d. The. colors and details are vivid, but they also make good targets apparently. Sooe of them are ~lell peppered with pockmarks frorJ rifle sluss. Except for that, the y art: spect.acular paintings in a spectaculAr canyon.

24

We hav",n' t had allY other rf'pnrts fn:nn chArtor oemhers. Sotae of us wish w.:! could spend more tiDe exploring, but don't seem to be able to mAnA g e it. We have been v e ry envious about the opportunity Mel Aikens had in making an archeological survey of the Canyonlands Nati om\! Park.

SODe of us threatened to go down and give hio SODe help, but it regrettably turned out to be just talk.

Grant Reeder, M.D., Correspondent Uta h

Va~l e y

Cha pt e r

Officers President: \'l ayne Allred, 140 \.[est 200 South, Lehi, Utah Vice Pres.: Dale Banett, Payson, Utah S{>cre tAry: Ve rn Thurber, 134 West 400 South, OrerJ, Utah Pro. Chro.: LaMar GroneDan, 369 North Main; Springvill e , Utah Trips and Proj e ct ChairElan: \oJilford Mellor, 93 Buckley Ave., SpI:ing vill p Utah PUblicity: Darrell Haws, 883 North 800 South, Mapelton, Utah Calling: Lowell Dobson, 2023 North 750 West, Provo, Utah Mee tings TiDe: 7:30 p.o., third Thursday of each oonth.

Place, variable.

News The city of Springville is conteoplating the conversion of its old library into a m~seuo, and the Utah Valley Chapter has notified the chairoan of the museum groups that we would like to participate in foroing display of Indian artifacts on a gift or loan basis.

a

The outstanding speaker of the past quarter was Mr. James Mock, a new meobcr of the B.Y.U. Anthropology Department. He discussed pottery of the local area. \.[e al'so had an evening Eloeeting where each oCDber . brought sODe ¡of hie "finds" during the year for display and discussion.

An election was held in October with Mr. Wayne Allred of Lehi ooving up to president; Dale Barnett of Payson, vice president; Vern Thurbe r of Or em , sec. treasurer; LaMar Groneoan, of Springville, prograr,l chai ,(i1an; ~]ilford Mellon, Springville, trips and' project chairuan; Darre ll Haws of ~Japleton, publicity, and fillally, Lowell Dobson of Provo, cnlline. T,ooks like we've c::ove.r e d Utah county.

G. Cloyd Krebs, M.D., Correspondent

25

,

St. George Archeology Club Officers President:

Tom MacArthur, 794 East 300 South, St. George, Utah

t-jee tings Time: Evening, fourth Sunday of each month Place: The home of one of the members News Several members of the St. George chapter had an overnight field trip into the Wolf Hole Spring area on the Arizona Strip on Friday and Satur~RY, August 20 and 21, 1965. ~~ny fine arrowhead specimens were found by the various Clembers. The area around Llolf Hole Spring appears to have been seasonally occupied by Paiute peoples, according to the few pottery sherds found and the type of arrowheads picked. A few basal notched types of the Pueblo were found, but these could have been dropped by the Pueblo people passing through and stopping because of the spring or they could have beeri carri~d in by the Paiutes. No evidence of perDanent dwellings was encountered.

Our next field trip will be the first week in October. be Liade ()n Little Creek Mountain.

Tom MacArthur,

This trip will

Corres~,ondent

Southe~~tern

- - --Officers Nuseum Cllrator:

Utah Society of Arts and Science -Sporls"or s of MOa"b--MuseuCl

Mrs. Wil[Ja Provensha, Moab, Utah

News The C1ajor recent news fraCl our area is the November presentation to the Moab Museum of an infant mu~my by Robert Anderson. District Manager of the Bureau of Land Management. The tiny infant, wrapped in cedar bark, was found in the banks of Mill Creek near Moab by unknown persons and was confiscated by the BLM. In making the presentation, Mr. Anch:>.rson snid: It is a pleasure to be able to loan this valuable mummy to the Moab Museum, I know you will take excellent care of it. It would please me more if I could loan you the mUU1CtY and provid~ answers to the questions that I feel sure musem:J visitors will ask; such as "How old is the mmmJy?" II¡Was it buried with other r.1ummies?" ''Why was it buried where it was?;; Unfortunately, that information is gone-destroyed by the careless persons who rel:loved the mUlill.1y from its burial place. It could possibly have been obtained if a trained archeologist had removed it. Having this infork~tion would have [Jade the t:mrilDy even (aore valuable as a display in your museum.

I urge you as citizens to help the Bureau of Land Manageraent stop such reckless destruction of a valuable scientific resource.

This mummy is a fine specimen and we are happy to have it.

Wilr,lA. DUES

DUE!

Don't

Forget~=_

26

Prov~nsh!'\.

Corr,"sponllent

I,

,

lJ::ah Archeology D~part~ent of Anthropology Tbiversity of Utah Salt. LA.ke:>. City, UtA.h 8 1l-l12

;T. '. . ";

"~ .,<",«,""..~-"\ .,.. ~ • "', />"' " ' 1, )' "" '," J.)

c.:".':'t ~l

l J Ut a SBttes His torical Soc. 6 O3 h".

Coas au th Temple Salt Lake City, Utah