Utah Statewide Archaeological Society Newsletter, Volume 2, Number 1, March 1956

UTAH ARC;'E:OLOGY

.A t-lewsle t teI'

f,,;arr.:h 1956

CONTENTS Editor's NDtes University of Utah Ant.hropolL')glcal Papers , tl~f ttB At.d~JSDn tr~ah ~tat.ewide ~ur"ey Actlvltles-1955Jt. D}" J JI He Gunnerson (:or-eat. Basin Archeol()glcal Conference l"r()'£r(-~,m :::DITOF.'~

NOTESI

Conferences 'the 1956 Great Basin Arc~eoloQlc:al COF\ferer)c~ will b~ I,e:ld in au lli f HEl 11. on Ute I.:n 1verl'S i toy (,f,ol tah Campus A.\'1~~;1,;~. t 1\~-~Z ., All rnembet's of the Ctah Statewide A'C'Ch€olv;:;lcat &oclet.y nr~ ~nvited t.o

a.ttend any or all of the sessions.

The

pf'oUra~;

afld

F.l

reSIi~rvat.ion thl~

form for rooms and for the banquet are incll,ded at the end of {tlsue of Ut a h

,(; h~ol(Q¥. o

If

YOlo

plan to attend, please :'Iake your

reservatfoni......-r07iipny ., A lso, please save the progt'fl.1'Ti and brl:ng It wyth you to the ccnterence. The meettngs will be on e professional level \vJ,th many of the top men In the field giving papers .. This. however, should not keep the non-profess I ona 1s away, for anyone ~ntere~ted tn Great !3aSJn Archeology will f'tnd the ~"f1et~n(::s rewardln(J ..

The Pecos Contarenr::e for Southwestern Archeology wIll 1)12 h C' l d Augu st 16-lf at the Museum of Nort~ern Arizona at Flagstaff 6 Arizona.

This, too Is a profQssional meeting, b\l t it is also open to every'l.lod ylnt.er>ested In southwestern archeo l ogYD LiVing accomodatlons ar''Z a va.i.l ... able in Flagstaff Hotels and IlIj(l t els and campgrot:l1ds a.r~ ~cc:€s s l ble~ Pu.bll c:a t, 1 on5 Th~ article on the urliversf.tlr0f Utah Anthro£O logJs,-s t PaiAn' ~ J.s is by the ed It.or of tha. t seNeS;l)r. H"o15'erE Ande.r~1.m-or-rFte Departo> rnent nf Anthropolcr,y at the enlverslty c)f Utah(l ~:)c\me of YOII !!lay wish to buy the t.wo recent nU~J!bers of the Pa .. era deser J bed by Anderson, or ~om0 pf the earlier numberse

' h 0 <>'L~~.Y

To, i C'1

1s ma.lled to ~elTlbers of' the 1:)ta.h St.atp.

Corresponde .f1ce should he dlrect e( li .. Gunner'son, l)li!part~nent of Ant!1ropoto~d,

- .oc;Ii1;Y .. All

I~d l ~'H·""""'J a.I'IHF

of u tah. Salt Lake

, l

Clty~

u tah.

~d~~ tl)

i\rc h e o~

the

;'rli<V(:;r~a'y

Rober t Ande rson

'11 ~ ~~l~..£_s U.y ,_P_~. .lJt~ 11 An t ! I.~~~!?f.L!E a l f>.aper~ ,~r~ a mecliw'l for h-P, e o le of e tah the re·· su lts of r'f)~H:arch in anthropolo~}.y and a) lied sc',ences bea.ring upon

i" GPort1 ng to i n t eres ,d sc 10 a r .-:; a nd to

the peoples and cultures of the Great Rasin and the Nestu They ar e intended to Inch:de 1 first, specIalized and tectmlcal recol'd rep orts on Great BasIn archeology, ettmolo~y. linguist.ics, and physical an tlwopology, and second, more general articles on anthropological discoveries, problems, and interpretations bearIng upon the weste rn region, from the Eigh Plains' to the Pacific Coast, Insofar as they al'e relevant to human and cultural relations in the. Great Ba5in a nd

surro undin(; areas.

Two recently publis~ed llniverslt y of l.!tnh. Ant.hro p l ' c {cal pa tJers are concerned with l!tah ar5eoTogy:;----,--,~--- . ----~

John GIllin's "Archeological Investl;~at.lons in t;ln~ ~Ele Canyor., Utah: a He-publication" was first published In 193B. Thts important report has long been out of print and theN' has been eTlcu~lh demand for it to Justify its republication. Nine ~n le Creek ( " Sn'r1ie Maude Creek) is a western tributary of the Green and is located about thirty mi les northeast of Price..

The ar-cheolo~lcal material report~'d is of the Fremont cult~re upon which the Lniversity of Utah's current archeological research is focused.

Albert H. Schroeder's "Archeology of Zion Park" is a competent and well 111ustl'ated report cf field work done in 1933 and 1934.

The cultural material from the sit~s excavated and reported ls most closely related to that from Sites in southeastern Nevada and northwestern Al"l~ona. There are ab.io many similarities between the ctll~ t.Lre represented at Zion Park and the Anasazi culture of the "our Cor<"

area.

net'S

The ~U~!yel:.!.L!:Y- of~ulah AnthrO.Ro l~gJc~ 1_ ~a: ~e.r!-l can b<:: purchased fron'l."JH~ l:nIversl ty of tr£i l),"'P l'e s s, 5-aTf. Lal~ e Ci ty~ l\ c:: om;:;lete li s t f

0

11 QWS

:

(Nos.

1-e

bound 1n Dne

volume- - $1~25) Carl1n~; r,; alo1.lf

No.1

Prehistoric Exchange in utahj/ by pp .. 1... 6, Z f 195.

No.2

The Ancient Mexicari Writing Sys ( 1940) pp ~ ? .,.,2. f.. g 1 1 1us ..

No • .3

The Gosiute Indians, hy Carling r:1alouf (1(>40),

No.4 No .. 5 No ~

6

te~,

(1939)j

by Charles Ee Dibble pp.

2 c -37~

1 ri~u A f\t'lef Description of an !ndh\fl quin near Shonesbur' (l , 1. tah,

by El mer n" Smith (1940), pp .. 3['=42, 2. !Sket.ch maps ..

The Arc1).aeology of the Deep Creek Pegion~ 1 tah" by Carltn ~ Malo uf, Charles · El Dib h le, and Elmer ~~ Smith (lP40), pp ~ 43·-68, 11 f 19s ~ .

An In.dI a n Bu r ,tal, a Barbed !:,lone OlPto j ectile POint," and Ac com p2nvln q

At' U fa c "s fro m 'Clear La ke, Id a ho, by El mer Ro 1 pi

Sm i t h { i ,:-1,.:1,,) pp. 6 9 - '7 3,

0

Walt~ r Da Enger 71 •. 9 /1 , e f igs.

No . t: Ar c haeology in the 5011 Juan. by Samuel J .. Tobin (194'7), pp~ 95 ·=10(3.

No . '7J An ArchacwlJglcal :~econnaissance In Washington County, tJ ta h~ (1949), by Jach p r?lldv and Hobert D. Stirland, (out of pri nt) No ~ 10 The AI'chaeology <If Deadman Cave; A Revlston~ by Elmer Ro SmIth (1952), 41 P[ ., 20 fIgs. $.50.

No . 11 ProceedLngs of the Sixth Plalns Archeological Conference, (UHe), J 'e sse D. Jelinlngs, EdItor, (1950),161 pp. 4 pIs., ~I' 1.50. !''';(J , 12 Ji.rc~·:eoloUical 51!rvey of Western Utah, by Jac1{ ~~ HlIdy (1 9 53) ~ Nc~

7

Ar chaeolo gy of Dl ac k Rock 3 Cave, Ut ah , by ( 1 ~>q2)~

p p~

190 PPq,62 figs., 7<0 .

1. ·3 .1)1

fl(~ nfnninr.:

$Z~25.

A FishIer (1953), 130

Nc .. 1<1

i;!-l >J

r·~avaho

.

Creation

pp., $1.50.

.

~·:1yth,

by -Stanley A.

.

Survey of. the LaSal Mountain Area, by Alice Hun t (1953), 24fl pp. J e9 fl gs., 3 tables, $2.50 .. .Archeol ·')~jlc tll

No . 15 A Study in Culture Contact and

Cu'ture ' Chnng~:

The White-

rocl{ 1.ltes in Tl'amdtion, by i-ottfrled O. tr~fl.f. (1953). 76 pp., 2 figs., G tables, $.85.

No .. 16 The Garrison Site, by Dee Caldel"wood T-aylor (1954). 66 pp .. , 2 0 fi gs ., ~1.25 .

(No s . 17· 19 bound I n on e

~o l ume,

5 1.0C)

Notes on the Uta h utes by Edward A. Palmer, lfl66 .. 1877.

by Ro F. Heiz el" (195~ ) , P-pp. . lB. Pln e Paz'lot Shelt.e l' p Was ~li n gton County, ttah, by Jack R Rud y

r.' o . 17 ..

No.

( 1954) • No. 19~ Human Skeletal Material from Deadma n 8uettner~Janusch

Cave, Utah, by John

(1954}t 9 pp", 4 pl s.

No. 20 .. Archeological R)I'.cavations in Beef Basin, l.ltah, by Jack R Rudy (1955), 63 pp., 12,pls., 2.7 fI9S.; 12 tables, fb1.50.

No " 21. Arch({ological Investigations 1n Ni ne :.Hl~ Canyon, Utah: A republlr;atloT\, by John Gillin (1955) 45 pp. , 31 figs.

No . 22. Archeology of Zion park, by Albert H .. Schroeder (1955) 7 NO e

ZIZ PPe, 2Z pis., 26 figs ~~ Z3 tables. $2.00 • .

23 ute norschac;h Perfol~ri1ances with Notes on Field ~,. >;ethods .. by Pa u 1 A.. Hn u c k (1 955), 1e p p., $ 0 50 CI

James H. Gunnerson The Sta tew id e Archeological Survey centered Its 1955 ac t i vities

in the dra i na ge of the Dirt.y Devil Faver (t'lfjo 1) .. ltwafil I n this area th at MO l SS (1931) dld the wOl'h resulting in the fh"st des~ cri~ti on of the Fremont culture.

The Survey relocated a few of !,;;orss l sItes, found other open sites In the area, and establ ished the fa ct that Fremont sites occurr£n, continuously f~om ferr on (in Cast.le Valley) to the Fremontc.oDlrty Devil, and beyond, a re essent ,,·

ially identical. The new data obta1ned do not provide concl usive answe rs to questions concerning the Fremont culture, but they sUQse st where and how the answers may be obtained.

The range of the Survey was restricted to some extent by its tr'ansportation, a half.,.ton plck·~up without four ....w~H~el drive. In a few cases it was necessary to secure horses or a jeep to get to sIte s dlfflcult of access.

The polley was to visit as many s ites as c ould be i'cached without exct8ssive d!fftCtllty even thoug h t his mean t passing u p a few sites whlc~ from descriptions, sounde d pro·11l1sing" Som~ of the sites missed may have been r'lore specta c;~lar ~ less vandalized than those vlsited" but the larger sample !H2 E?r.1ed mor'li! de~

i ra b

h~

8

Background

~aterlal

Most of the previous work In the fremont-Dh·ty Devil dralnag® ha~.;; be en sponsored by the Peabody ~1useum of Harvard Universll,yo In l E 28~Z9 Mr. Noel Morss excavated sites in the vicinity of Fl'uita and To rrey, Utah. His report (Morss, 1931) which also mentIoned w OI'k do na along the Dirty Devil RIver by Henry Roberts In 1929-30, provIded th e first scientific account of the Fremont culture and gave t hi s complex its name. The work ,of Mors s was und~rtakcn at the su g ~ estlcn of w~ HI Claflin and Raymond Emerso n who had made a brief recon naissance Into the area in 1927, and by Donald Scott, who had spe nt a s ho rt tIme In the area In 1928. Pr eVi ously, local collector~ had ta.J.\en an interest in the archeologl cal matel'ial of the 8t'ea a nd two In particular, Mes~3I's. Le~~ and Pectol, had amassed slze~ble (:ol h:ctl cn:~0 Pl:Ht ()f the matc"ial collected by these two men la an displa y in a

s ma l l mus~um In Torreyp utah, and part Is in the M~se cm of t he LoD.S~ Churc h 1n Sa lt Lake City ; except for descriptI ons by ~orss, th e ma te r i e l has n ot bee n re ported. The Fremont c u lture has be en r ecently I't~·e'~f~m i ned

(H~ 55)

by 'No \- rn ln g t o n

_-_._ -

_-.

._

0

_

-- --_.

--- .-.-.. "'-_.... . . ....... .... ...- . - - - . .. ... - _... - - -'-- ..

1!Mu: y rC~Jr"t; i1e!( tl ~~3~stc d i'. h~5 prs t SU r '1P1er f S survey in variot,s Wi:lY<;.

Am ~; t h o ~:H:' wI c ~j h . 1 1 1 I (:(' :d v(:,;: special cI'edit ul'e~ DlJI{\~ r .h(l:n, JCY'Y';' 1\. ' ~nT' J\~"'JlUr I ) ~~Y$ E d~:;on Alvey!> Earl P.t'!hunin, t;r 1ts liol'l(!;r' r'\etlun' n . ) ~ 1 .. By lw:e p r·!!t' ft. ~11t5. Ar'thur Ekl{e t', Reo Hunt}, Irvin J8cl)b~onp An.dr'f';W· Jolmsto!ls ChcH~1es Kelly:!, lr (w e Htl!D~ f·.'t'. t., !'.~r· s. Lur-t l';n.p;p;. FQ D. Landes, Ade ~,·'~)'eruPJ RU':ity i'.\ll S·"· slern~~n;; J8.f.le Pace~ ~b;:1'edit0 Pt'J'fde, John Palms~ Dixon P(':acocll ~ Pa ul -~

w'

\')f',;~, [ ..,.-.!,

Q

,--" " (),., 'jJ '\..... -)

51

Tjdt~

Di..> "11i' r' I Cl

!,.J "

,..1

,-I

'l' "'~~cy ..., ~';:1 .. j'

5un'ev F!'~~~i

", nr'l·

"

-;

n :ic·j. '; i C ,'~ d

j'1.'~'1 , .. '"

ti, s \1l11~: ()n I, ~

'"-.J'

U

by ti:l.e ijnAv~:I"s!ty of Utah Re:H?n t·ch Fund o

5

UTAH

L,-

Pig", 1

rr~-'}.G

W?SD.

of the 1965 U't£E.h Statevd.da

Al~eheologlcw.l

SUl~v~ry 1.0 L'1.clu~lt)d ~J:'t·i:;htn. the d9.8'hed linea

6

The UnIverSity of Utah's 1954 survey r eached the headwaters of the Muddy Rive)"» the northern branch of the DlrtyDevll.

(The name

i!uddy 1$ also often applied to the DIrty Devll Qlver. which begins nt t!i~ confluence of the ~.':tlddy and the Fremont.) Thll 195[) sllrveY$ th~n, v. ·"s . an extens ion of the 1054 W01"}<.

Survey Act 1vi tl es DUi'ing the 1955 season" the · Pt.a!) stfatewlde Archeological SUf'V2Y locat ed lIZ archeo loGical sites. Th ese consisted of village sltes ,

cam p sit:;·:!;, plctog raph5, petroglyphS 1 arid chipping arca.s~ fo r t!!,~~ :l~o~; t pa\'t~ these s ites f;n'e assI~nablc to the Fremont cl;lt ul'e .

A

discover ed in San Ju~n and Garfield CountIes are of Ana= l'indings vll11 be summarized by area with no ,,;tt 1!;npt to slve a detailed descriptIon of each sIte.

fe w

slt~s

s b~ i affiliation.

i

Cas t Ie Va ll.ey

Castle Valley runs nearly north and south between the Wasatch gountains and the San l\apha~l Swell. It ext.ends from Price almost to Fremol'it Junction. Here, on the e~st face rit' the Wasatch, erosion has left "castle towers" of soft, gray stone. The northern l)art of CfJstle Valley Is In the San Raphael drainage .. while the southern part 1s d ra I ned by the t\·1uddy Rl vcr # a nd hence, by the 01 tty DevIl. Sevl2ra 1 sma 11 streams cross Cas t Ie Va lley, provid i ng fresh wa t er and tIllable 5011 in an otherwise nearly d~$f!rt area. Alonr; these

s treams, clnse to th e Wasatch, is cent~red the present population.

Ar c heological evIdence shows th~t the Fremont people clustered In th 0 same favo~able area, and there Is much to suggest that in ancl<.mt tImes conditIons were better for a~rlcu.ture than they are now~ In ;,om~ pla.ces, e s pecia lly between t.he Muddy . RIvet" and Emery, t ·tah, Fremont detritus is found thickly strewn over are&s dIssected by d~ep wfa.;1hes which are ~: rad ·' al1y eating away the land.

The only ~·~fnnl n[ n g ~~"fu et a tJon is extremely spat'se.

EveT'ywhere In t.he vell €y .. wide n ing gullI e s a nd abandoned fafmsteAds sugGest that the agricul tu ral s i tu a tion has deteriorated In recent time~, and local infor -

mant s confirm this.

It is possible that th~ fremont farmers practic.d rlverin~ lrri~ gat ion; mor~ prob~bly, they div e rted flood waters to their fields, although they May have used both p1~thcds .. Actually, run-off from : t.he i,ilasatcfI is so rapid her'.,; at. t.imes tha.t \'1ater streams out. over

tha slopes and flats

witho ~ t

seeking established

channel~a

Evidence of structures 'is r.u' e ly ap ) arent on the s :: rface of the ground eKc;~pt foi' sea t tel'ed pl eCes of burned adobe.. Ama te u r excava ... tion at one site 5l1g ~: est5 t hat st r uctUI'es were :Shallow plthouses ..

No evide nce of masonry was noted in this area .. Smal l sq u ar~s ou tl ine d by blacl{ st~:\in~ (p l' obably zt.orH~ e bIns or -ro c·ms ) Wi:t'e not.ed at one s ite.

7

Artl f acts from_n ca r Emery are not

dlstlng ui ~ h able fr om ~l ott.et'y is ~

els€wtj-; re a l ong Castle Val l ey or no nge Creek ..

those found

foti the most p~l t't ~ plain, f>fIlooth 8\'; d gray, altt\ouGh 1ncised gra.y s ti er-os, black on gl'ay. and bladt c>n wfdte (slfp;,ed) sherds ore als o f ound..,

Corr ugated

Near

5h~rds

are scarce.

Junction additIonal village sltes were l~cate d , Inwa~ excavated by the T'nlverslty of V t p.h ArctH!o l o gical FiC-!ld School (Taylor~ 1955) later in the sea.s ofl ~ In this (' e n ~r' al ar'ea several nO!"l-ceramic sltes wer~ also f01.:nd .

It canDo E be demo'strated that all of these were ~f Fremont aut ho rs hip, but on one a few Fremont s~erds were found. These sites !ee m t o c ot' te ~~ p (H)d to t:Je "sand ca~llP.Sn fcund by the 1954 survey in t he f oot ~ Pr~mont

clHdIn O Po;>lar l<l1ob, which

hill s of the \ Intah

~_~ounta

Ins and I/ay be scasona 1 camp sPes of

t~'\C

Fremon t ~eofle. In the Fremont Junction ar~a, the sites are n ot as sundy DS near the Ulntahs~ but 1n both localittes they are i n Junip~r­ pU'ion Vlo ()Jed a/'ll~a5, often on ridges or slcpesi they show no e vidence of structures and yleld little or no pottery.

Ab out 120 man-houX's wel'e spent in additIons I work at the Si J.verhorn sit e (tt2EMB) at whIch Tv.1'. Homer Behunin had found a fluted pOint. The ad d ltll1nal work faIled to [ifOd\:ce dla~,nosttc artifacts. More unpl'e--pared hearths were encol.ntered, and one sha.llow.,. unburned pit con-

taInlnG some charcoal VIas uncDvered. The site is not yet completely dUG out, but the probability of findlns dIagnostic artlfact~ ~oes not sar::m great. 'rhe evidence s\lg~ests that this shallow l"oclt 'sheltel' was occupied briefly at many different times whIle £t was beine;:; flll~d rapidly \'Iith alluvial deposits. A report of work at this site wIll appea r in the Apr 11 195(3 Amer i ~2~ f.\nt!9,u i t l .

Hanl~$vl11e

Area

T'!ear the northeast "corner" of the Henry Mou'"Itatns, about twelve miles sout!! fif Hanksv{ lle, ts an area of about two square roDes, which is thickly covered ~!th Fremont sites. This area !s nearly level, sliShtly rolling, and quite sandy. It lies between two dr y WElshes which origInate some distance apart. in t~e Henry ::!ou'1tains but

w!'~lch,

in the apea under' dJscussion .. are only about a

half~ m lle

One of the waShes (Bull Creek) carrtes water frequently enoug~ to support a f€\!J scrawny cottonw ood trees In Its botto'1lo During the summer rains in the mounta i ns, torrents of slit-laden Dpart.

watev' come down the:sc washes; in earl l e r times these floods could h,.l ve ber: !'I divel·ted ontc the neai'ly level, sa ndy rlat~h (Darlt stains i n th~ sand could be accounted for in th js manner).

At present .. veg(!talon Is ve;>y sl,;arse and sma 11 blow-outs are common. The € n t i r(~ rC {ji c n is 1l, s~ l G ~,s fer a L f'icult~)r-~t but when i t was first settled,

ta ll, lush gras s was su pposedly present.

Is

attl"lbut~d

The change to near-desert

t c; er'osio n ; the rUi1<·ofr itl r'apid and dee p gull i es have

bee n cut ..

The occupation ar"ees are found on lew lmolls of two

typ,,~s

of

:3

tnlctt:res was obser'ved

tectcd from the north by a rocky

ridge~

~

01'

r'ld£;es ...

Evld(~ncr~

One 5 i te, wh lch was pr'o··

has the remains of three

8

°round, masonry rooms, which were apparen~ly buIlt on ground level.

MOl' e c O!Tl ;i! en, 11 OVf eve r' I n r e 51! g h t c ire u 1a l' d e p r Ie S S { 0 n s s u 9 ~J est i n 9 pfthouses.

The a rt l f~c t s from th i s area fit in to the Fremont ass em blA oe.

Pottery ~ fo'," t h€ mest pa r t , l s smooth Gray, hut incised a n d pa i n t ed (blRcl{ on ~Fay ,Ind hlac}{ O~Ol white--slI p: :ed) sherds a:"'e n ot unC (' m ~l o n .

A f~;1J.1 s!H~\'ds of corrugated ware and on e s ~ eT'd 1,ctlth "coffee bea n" applique were also

found~

The sItes are lmown by at least one local col lector but t llel'C h"l~ has be2n very little vandalism 6r dlg,lng J even thouGh acces ~ to the sites Is easy~ Thi$ area would make a ''lOst interesting corn"lurlity stu dy. . . fro m about ten to abo~t twenty air mlle~ to the east and n crth cf Hanksville, across the Dirty Devtl RIver, £)mal1 camp sites Oi' e to h~ foun d around the occasional springs in the Robber's Hoost area. It 1s q Ui tc proba b Ie ttl a t even the few s j t es w i th po t t. e ry r::pr es ent tem po rary camps of h~nters or tra ve l e rs. At pr esent . f ai r amount of gam e exIsts, including a small hEa'ct of an t e l op. , but v e l'y li ttle of the a rea wou Id support even sma 11 ga r d e ns . Any ga r d en Jng weu l d lU1 ve t o be done around the sprinss, which wou ld al~o have served t o water th e game. Local collections contain a wide variety of proJect l le po i n ts, s UU jestins a l ~. ng occupati con of the area.

Aquarius Plateau To the v/est of Hanksvi lIe and the Henry M'::.untairs, on the ~ast slope of the Aquarius Plateau, was found an especially interesting area. Straight south of ~oto~ about twelve mIles, on a ridge extending east from the plateau and forming the high ~outh bank of Oak Creek (also called Sandy Creek), are two series of sites. 0n t!OH~ Oak CreeK side of the r IdgcJI on the hirihcst level and also on lower terraces, are several ceramic sites. They are small, with no evidence cf structl1res. As!>ociated with these sItes Vle-;oe manos and metates of several types .. ~~ainly on the basis of pottery, these sites can be assigned to the f'remor.t cultllre, and the remainder' ('\f the artifact a5Sef11blag~ Is consistent with the Fremont complex .. A few sherds of very coarse, finger-impressed ware w~re found at a site which othet'wise yielded only f'remont potteryo" 'This ware ht\s not y~t been f dent i l' 1ed •

On the opposIte Side, the ridge (which varies from one-fourth to one-half mile in Vlidth) breaks away gradually to a dry valley far b~lcw.

The brol<en land con~~ists mainly of flne~sand bL~wouts and rock outcrops~ The slope 1s to the southeast, so that thare Is r;helter from the no£'th~ He;'e the sites are non-cet'amic. They yield a pI'ofusion of chips, inftequent pieces of' workfJd flInt, and occasional shallow meeling slabs.

Ml;lny of thC58 site~ 8.('~~ Cli3!"'Hctepized y hearth (H~eElS, tlsually con < burned reeks, surrounded by small , rocks, covering areas about 12 to 15 ft~ <).cr'o'Js. o~~ometir.H~s the small rocks t~nd to be c0nc.2ntrated F

tainin~

at the pel"'iphery 05 though th3Y had been

includ(~d

in adobe Vlalls$

9 1"1~dted down.

Sites found €!sewherc this SUIli'~ier' t1ad s1.1g~:estion of adobe v,fall~. but these were usually not so pt'o··

wl'lch have since ~i~mllaX'

nounced.

AbQ::t a mile south and a half-mi le- east of Notom .. In hf'oken count.ry" is a bay containing several small sites. One cons i sts of two s~al1 storaGe cists under a low rock overhang. They had bee n du~ intc the somewhat cr'urnbly rocJ{ floor and cribbed aver wi th s ma 11 poles, which In turn had been plastered. The opening tn the top had probably been closed with a stone slab. A few corn cobs wet'{; f"und in and ne~r the clsts, and sherds were found on the slope brf.! l ow~ SI tes are common In the vlclnlty of Boulder, t1tah, but ma ny are no:)-c erarn"lc. Within,:', the limits of Boulder Jtself, there is a l.a~~;e P I! - P III site reported by ~krss (1931, pp .. 2-3). To the s ou t h of r.1ould e1", the highway to Escnlante crossed tl'c Escalante R lve ~ a t. the TO'J t h l) f Cal fer eel, • !-! ere wh,: 1'" e the £ sea J. cl n t e Va 12 ~ Y 1 s a b 01.1 t a quart er of a mile wide, there are level area~ (t~r~aces1) nt dlff e pe n t e!evat.lons above t~le rtv(: r. and s:r:al1 rock shelters In t he vtd l ey walls. Two of the shelters have stone and mud stora s:; e c Js t s, and a third, larger shelter shcv/s evidence of occupation .. The r e has been at least ODel"OOm large enough te· live in~ A small roa d l e a d!.llg fr om the hi~lhway has cut through what was probably a structure in a n o pen site but not enou,h was exposed to determine Its naturee An i n teresting pIctograph panel consisting cf nothing but abou t 4 0 wh ite hand prInts Is also in this area.

In the immedIate vicinity cf Escalante are several sites, only two of whlch were vls1ted~ Surface indications suggest that they are sfI'Iall plthouse villaGes. Burned, stlck~lmpt'e~sed adobe, and sherds are common at the sltes, which do not seem to be attributable to the fremont culture.

Several of the sites reported by Morss from near Fruita a r:d i o r "" rey were revisited and additional sites found. The pottery fr om t h ese sites is very Similar tc that frcm Fremont sites in Castle Va lley; a detailed analysis of the pottery from the sUm~er has n ot yet been made, howevero The range of structure types

doe~

not

see~

to be quIte as great

u l one the Fremont River as further north. ~elther the isolat ed 5 t o ne towers nor the "1'Ulti-roor.J structu.'::'es on ht~lh polnt.s seeM t o o c c u r'~ Re mains of h a th adobe and stone structures are t.o b e 'f ound on ope n s I tes.

San Juan COt!nty

None of the sites located east of the Colorado River see~ to be attributahle to the fremont culture. Mossback Ridge, which is Just south of the Natund J),1'idges r"at1;-nal ~:'(j.nl:ment.~ hos. been made accessible in the past faw years by the construction of a road~ Here arc to be found numerous sites, soma wIth walls stlll st.anding (fig. Za)~

)0

ot h er site!; a.re apjA;)'I'l!ntly small plthcllse vllla~jes and all wo u },d seem t o be of Anasazi autho~$hlp, P 11 or later.

One 1f1t e1'(:~3 tln~J site (fig. 2.c) midway between Mossback a.nd nl andlnr; only' 8. few feet fr~)rn the ncw ~dSh\'1ay" ccn~~ists of a rock s hc-:lter ':-; c·n talnln(j two ne a rl:J, complete r'ot)ms and traces (~f two mora.

Th ra t'},',:: b~ st~p l·· e;sel·ved \'oorns have been huilt of small logs la. ld tl of'iZ.CI!,! Lzi lly a nd heavIly plast!21~ed '.111 th 'flltd both ins ide and O \~ t. The t C O : 'l~i n i'e c i l'C t l lal', Vi i th ho rG (~~CO lin r-sha rjed doorways, and fT;ay tw 'i e: bc'<:'n bui lt to the ceIling of the rock shelter.

No Shc:rds \>':~~\,(J fO ~ l. nd 2. I"c,u:,d th e S 1 tel btl t cairn cobs were nurlierOlJu. f' i ~,.j

Salvase Archeology The l'tah Statewide Al'cheo1coica 1 Survey was enguged in tvlo ~lnva g e Sever'al .d~ys wel'e s~) ent in chec~ing rlpht-of-·w?ys w~~y'e the r'1 U l' call of. Publ t(: TIoods was bt'llld ing min~ access roads 1'01' the At. omf. c Encl'QY Commiss ion.

T1{ght-of ...ways checked were in the Y(!l1ow P1' Onr<-'~ i"1S~

Catm,lnlng area south of Thompson, Utah; along highway 24 from Green , Rl.ver to Temple !/.oulltain turn off; f,roffl Trnchite Creek to Sho('teTin~~ mine; and betW(!Hm l.s. ~\al a.nd La Sal Junction. In all cases, either

most of the dirt-moving had been completed before the Survey was Informed, or th€-~ construction involved only hnprovements on e)~lstlng roads. No sItes were found which had been dama£ed by construction, n o r were any noted which 'Ilould be threatened by future wDrk. \

A repoi't received by Or. Jesse L. NuSbaum, ccncernlng a ca.ve rHHH'

Xanab, Itah, was forwarded to the Statewi~e Survey. A 10cal infor 11!8 n t h2.d heard rLAmo~"s t,hat the cave contained archeological l~lateria.l r:.nd was to be looted~ An cv.araination of tile cave by the ~)ul'vey faIled to reveal evidence of intensive or Bxtenslv2 Occu~ltlon.

Detritus" probably of 8asketij!al<:er orl~;in.v was sparse. tt', 0 shallow cave was an interesting plctograph p~nel.

Just outside

Su rvey act i vi ties were sus pe nded for the :,~o1\ t.h of' .}u ly wtd Ie t he Fleld Director wa~ on loan to Dr. Jesse L. Ndsbaum to a~s [ st wi t h 5~1vage archeoloGY in tonnectlon with the construct len of a pipe line throu~heastern Utah and neighboring states.

As yet J no definIte answers to.~aJor que~tions concerninG the Fremont culture can be riven on the basis of data collected by the surv~?y .. W? .do, howevel~~ find ourselves in a better position to phras e questions concerning this culture and we have some idea a s to \.!here the nr8~

<'nis\'ley·~~

rr-ay he found ..

Som~

of the unanswer.ed questions

L ?

What are the lccal var'i<lnt!:, of tlH! Fremo nt cultllrC?1

3.

What Is the

HOI!.!

har-.; t.he Fl't2mCrd;

c1..l1t.u~·e

rclation~h!p

compl!;. ;:>~f;s IncIt:decl in w'hat periphery of the :';olithw <~st7

4.

chan~e<l

Ull' ()tlgh time1

of the fremont culture to other wn~

once called the

north~H'n

Ghat Is the relBtlGnshlp of the Fremont culture to the AnasHz! development?

11

to

Data collected during the past two years suggest posslble an~wers thes~ and ather questions, and laboratory analysis of the arti-

facts will contrIbute more to their solution. however, will require more fIeld work.

Llt~t'ature :·~()!'ss ,

ConclusIve answers}

Cited

Noel "The A.ncient Clllt.ut'e of the Fremont River in Utah . " P::J pe t's of the Peabody :-::useum . of American Archeol!:. r ~· n'na-.;,Jl).!IOI1iliF}1arvii rd i ve rty, vo'l .. r;-~o" ~ c; a niE r [d tl e.. rv~a s s •

19.31

rs

On

i~~5(l:

X1

"Clay f"igut'es of the Am~rlcal') Southwest."

.. :

PapeI'B of

.•~ h ~P Ci!abo.~,):~~~u~f_A!!!r iean Ai£!!.e p},osy ,and Efh.lJ.'o"1ojn:. t Clrvar dU u ! vers)ty) yol. XrTX::-ll o. I . a mor , ~~J f"ia,' s.

1'8 y 1or, D.. C ..

1955 "Archeological Excavations Near 5altna, utah." Ut (.... h ~.E.bJ-0 l~,S.l'> Vol. 1, No.4..

Sa 1 t Lake Ct ty, Uta h 0 -

Wormington, H. M. 1955

itA R.eappralsal ot' the Fremont Culture. f1 P r oce ecl 1 n ~1 ~ of the Denver ;:'useum of Nutural Histo r~, ~" -.

lie nver ,~oTor ad'o.

Figure l

......~

,

.. ,

_. "_...

(following page)

a. Wa t Is of ~r.os~)bacl( Ruin (4Z'::-AZ50). rhe exposed faces af the stone blochs have been carefl1lly dressed to

b.

Rock rIng south of

ca~

27 feet tn diameter at site 42SvZ3. eight miles

T-.rFi~!~ont

Junction.

Stones appear to be' the base of

a house wal1~ Large boulder at left side of picture is on the north ~lde of the rlngo (:.

Bnsi<etmakel' room;.:; in cave (ilZSA2.48) between nlandlng a;l d Ht tl;~ j Utah. Walls are made of h01"i:r.ontal poles, plastered with ad obe"

d.

Petroglyphs (12WN7) from along the Fremont River at Fruita, Ute- he The figures are about one foot tall.

(

13

PHOGRAM T ~ dt'd

( reat Basin Archeological Conference Au~]ust

19,20, and Zl,

1956

Ba llif Hall

Un!verslty of utah Sa 1 t Lal<e C 1 ty /

Dr. Faye-Cooper Cole, Qeneral Chairman

Sunday, August 19 1 :00 to 10:00 p.m.: 8:0C p.m,,:

·Heglst..rat,lon and Ass ignment of Rooms, James H. Gunn~rson.

Kodachrome Pi 1m:

THe HERI::RO OF NGAMlLAND. (A premiet'e)

Dr. Gordon D. Gibson, Department of Anthropology, Unlvers i ty of Utah.

Monday, August 8:30

to lZ:30:

a~m.

~O

Registration.

8:30 a.m. to 12:30:

Welcome:

Dean Sterling

McMurrln~

Volunteer Reports of 1956 Fleld Work.

Free time for inspection of archeological displays; Informal sessions.

LUl"'ch 2:00

to 5:00:

nADIQCAr.:,RON DATING; ITS STA1't'S, ~ELIAmLITY A~m HI A"tC"lFOL0GICAl STI'DY. Presentations

t;SEFl'L~IESS

by Jaf'1CS B.

Gl'tffln, (Cha lrman), Rohert Helzer, Char les n .. Hunt, C lement ~. ~[lidghan; followed by genera 1

discussion ,J.'

D i nnet' ...~

6:0C p .. m.: 8 ! 00 :

I

pe~iod&

}\RCEEOLCGY

Ad d i'es s !

Ar~D

111E SCIEl';TIFIC :vtE'J'HGO, Dr.

Faye~· C:ooper

Cole.

__',/0._"'. _ .....

ol._

r

....... , ... .........

",.rIP-.-....- ___

*1'10 Gochtall party Is .

Utah has state

11~uor

~_.

__

~

___ . ......... .......-. .•

-.M

t ...

~-"-'

•

~}chedl.lh:d because of University regulatIons. stares~

open 6 days a week.

14

Tuesday, August 21 1'111 10:00:

Fl'ee lime.

Bu~dness

10:00 to 10::30; 10 : 30 to 12:00:

sesslon (new offlcers, regIstratio n , etc.)

GRJ::AT BASIN ETHNt ' LCGY; ITS REtATIO~·lS"IP Te AnC" f;C,~

Presents t1 ons by Omer 5tewe.r-t (Chatrman), 10bert Heizer .. Char'les E. Dibble; followed by general discussion.

LC·GlCAl.. DATA ArlO CONCU 'SIONS..

1,1lTl ch

1 :3 ~' tp 5:00 p .. m.!

and also

A,RCHEliU'GlCAL

PAPE ' ~S

1)

The Fremont Culture and Its Relatl<':nshlps to the Great I38stn Cultm'es. James ll ... lrUnner s on.

Z)

The Lucy SIte and the Sandia Complex, William

7t30 to 9:30 p.m.

B .. Roosa.

If' needed

3)

4)

The Lehner

SIte, E. R. Say les "

Pre-Columbian lrrIgation in the Great gasln, E

5)

r,~amrnoth

II

.A. Treganza.

?\~am~oths

c.

orr ..

and r',':an on Santa Hosa

6)

Tule 5prings

7)

The Karlo SIte, F. A. RIddell.

S1t~,

Island, PhIl

stuart Peck.

(No t. e: One or two other titles al'e anticipated for the radlocarbon, ethnological and archeological sessionsa)

Great Basin Arc n eolo(llcal Conference August 19 (evenlng),-ZO, & Zl, 1956 Un I V<B1"s! ty of Utah Ca.mpl1s salt Lake City" l"tah

Accom" odations:

Living accommodations have been arranged B~d 11 f

H~ 11

In

1'01'

(the new men' $ dOl'ml tory) a t we 1 !

below commel'ciel rates. Selllrate sect.lons of the b,; Ild i ng will be ass 1gned to sino Ie m<·; n, 5 tng Ie women, and familIes. ROOMS are double (single lwds) but. will be rented as stngles unless att.(:md a nc ~ forces doubl i~g-up. two large be throo"1s. and two lOl'nces arc provlded for each eight ronmso Rates: DOl1ble rooms ... $3.0~ per adult, $1 .. 50 pei~ child; one person per roop- $3.75 per person.

Mea 13 'wi 11 be awi lable at t~rla,

["r:~s.sonable

prices at the dormitory cafe">

where an area will be reserved for conference members.

Pr(l;(:ed !n£ a n add ress by Dr ~ l-'aye·~Coope r Co Ie, e banque t i s pla,nned

Monday night, Autust 20 • . Th16 wIll be served In a room In 8al11f Hall where most, if not all~ ~f th~ sessions will be held.

In order to get

t:H~5e

t'ates we must make close guarantees of the Hence, we must ask yo:_.r cooperation in givInG us your l'eservaticns (or cancellations) by AU£iust 1., 1956.

Please rstv.rn the blanlt below.

numbElr .to be accommodated.

So far as 1 know now Is:

,Jamss H u Gunnerson Department of Anthropology

University of Utah salt Lak~ City, Utah Pl~a5e

--

certain: . probable ;""

reserve for me for the

of Abg. 19

nl~hts

-'

att endance

~y

~o

double rooms ($.:3.00 per adult, $1.50 per child)

-

$

21

single rooms if available ($3.75 per ?erson) or if t:'ot" of a double room (~3.00 per person)

h~lf

Banquet set! ts ($20.50 per person)

- - - - -.....

-....~

... _ _

~~--

.

.... ,

......·_

_ .4""...,.·--...,. _

_

...........

-