The Vessel | April 2018

April 2018

Volume 5 Issue 7

the

vessel Sleep Deprivation How Lack of Sleep Affects Your Body

Trevon Evans The Journey to First Team NSIC

USF Theatre Back on Stage & Into the Woods

A print publication of USF student media.

Contents

6

4 6 8

USF Theatre

11

Sweet Easter Treat

12

The Source Roastery & Taproom

Back on Stage and Into the Woods

4

Trevon Evans

Journey to First Team NSIC

Photo courtesy of Dave Eggen

8

, Dear Sleep .

I miss you..

Sleep Deprivation

The Side of Effects of Not Sleeping

14

11

Peeps Candy Bars

New Look, Same Quality Coffee

14

In the Political Arena

The Second Amendment

15 BITCOIN The Currency of the Future?

15

Note From The Editors

This month’s cover photo was taken by USF senior, Adria Botella i Moreno. The story accompanying the photo can be found on page eight.

Do not focus on the final page number.

Instead, “break the paper down and consider each section individually.” It is easier to handle a project in small chunks.”

Spring break is officially over and are now half-way through the semester. Below is a list of four tips from The College Board to make the remainder of your semester successful.

4. Acknowledge Accomplishments “Give yourself a quick reward when you complete an assignment or task. Take a walk, check social media, get a coffee.

Then move on to the next project.”

1. Focus on High-Impact Activities.

Stay focused on course work by creating a to-do list. This creates “an overall picture of your workload before you start to tackle any of it.” Then, start with assignments due first and work your way down the list.

Stay-up-to-date on the latest campus news by going to usfvessel.com.

If you would like to contribute to the magazine, either as a writer or a photographer, please email the editors at: vessel.usiouxfalls@gmail.com.

2. Find a Social Support Network Create a group of people who want to Unless stated, photos are taken by Editor, help you succeed; these individuals can Yuharelly Comparan or are copyright free. be professors, friends, a counselor, or your pastor.

Opinions presented in the magazine are not a reflection of The Vessel magazine, 3. Set Attainable Goals the Media Department, or the University; Having trouble writing a ten-page paper? they belong to only the writer.

12

Photo courtesy of Abriana Scholl

y Schwartz

by T

Ring by Spring

le en

What’s your plan for next year?

Back to School

Graduate Program

Have you been accepted yet?

Any coursework to prep for yet?

No

Work Life

Undergrad

Yes

Got a job lined up yet?

Any big projects due soon?

No

Have you interviewed for anything?

Engagement rings aren’t the only bling spring brings!

Yes Dream job?

Yes No

No Yes

Yes No Yes

Are you staying on task?

No

3 Ring Binder: You’re busy right now, but it’s worth it.

Stay organized with not one but THREE rings! Keep your cool, this isn’t a forever committment!

Ring Pop: Things are lookin’ pretty sweet for you!

Get yourself a treat and celebrate your accomplishments!

No Yes Onion Rings: You aren’t completely pulled together, but take a break to celebrate how far you’ve gotten!

Phone Ring: You’re waiting on big news. Be patient for the ring on your phone with the answer!

APRIL 2018 | 3

Tr The Journey to First Team NSIC Story by Grant Sweeter Photos courtesy of Dave Eggen & Gene Smith

Little did he know, at three years old, Trevon Evans would begin something that would forever change the outcome of his life. Evans has been playing the game of basketball since he was big enough to walk and now it has earned him one of the most prestigious honors in the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference.

Throughout his younger years and high school age, Evans participated in football, basketball and a little bit of baseball. However, the game kept calling Evans’ name as he continued to excel at the game he loved.

“Basketball had always been my favorite sport and I’ve been playing since I was three, so I just love the game,” Evans says.

4 | The Vessel

In high school, Trevon Evans was given a top honor as he was a McDonald’s AllAmerican nominee. The McDonald’s AllAmerican game is a game that features the best of the best high school players in the nation every year.

The best boy’s and girls’ players from American and Canadian high schools get the opportunity to play in front of thousands of people, while also being broadcasted on national television Evans was selected twice for First Team All-State player, making him one of the best five players in his state’s division. He was also named twice as a First Team AllMetro player while in Wichita, Kansas.

High School was a very successful adventure for Evans, but he knew he wasn’t done with the sport he loved.

Coming out of high school, Evans had multiple NCAA (National College Athletic Association) Division 1 offerings including Northern Colorado, Texas Pan American and Weber State.

After considering all decisions, Evans decided that Dodge City Community College in Dodge City, Kansas is where he wanted to start. Dodge City Community College is a junior college in Kansas that has an enrollment of 1,807 students.

After playing two seasons for the Conquistadors of Dodge City Community College, Evans found that the University of Sioux Falls was the place for him. After visiting USF, Evans found the connection that he wanted between him and his team.

Trevon Evans “I chose the University of Sioux Falls because I got a good feeling from coach (Coach Johnson) and all the players when I came on my visit to Sioux Falls,” Evans says.

In his first season at USF, the 2017 and 2018 season, he helped lead the Cougars to their most successful season since joining the NCAA Division 2 class of collegiate athletics. The Cougars won 20 games including a trip to the NSIC quarterfinal round.

Evans says that there was some hard work and a lot of team work that went into this year’s Cougar team, but it all paid off in the end. After losing a lot of seniors last season, this season’s Cougar team was very young.

“We went through a lot of adversity this year, we had a lot of problems. For us to still have a 20-win season and make it to the (Sanford) Pentagon, it was really good for us,” Evans says. “We developed a lot of team chemistry late which is normal because we were all new and we didn’t know each other coming into the season.”

As an individual, Evans had a spectacular season. Evans earned NSIC First Team honors which means he is one of the top five players in the NSIC (Northern Sun

There are over two hundred players in men’s basketball in the NSIC and he was a top five player.

Intercollegiate Conference).

“For me as an individual, it went pretty

good. I couldn’t say I expected this coming in to this year. But I knew I would have a big role on the team,” Evans says.

Evans led the team in scoring, as he scored over twenty points per game this season, which was the only person on the team to do so. He also tallied up 95 assists and 139 rebounds in only 30 games.

Evans was also given the Newcomer of the Year award by his team. Despite all of the personal successes for Evans, the season didn’t end the way he wished it had.

“It would’ve looked nicer if we would’ve made it farther in the tournament and made it to the national tournament.

That’s all I was worried about this year,” Evans says. “You know those personal accolades don’t mean much, but it is nice to gets those.”

While this season’s ending left Evans and the rest of the Cougar Men’s Basketball team wanting more, the brightness on the horizon of next season is something to look forward to.

“I know coach is bringing in a lot of new talent and we’ll also have Jared Walton coming back, as he was hurt when he tore his Achilles earlier this year. It’ll be a great addition having him back and then Justin Taylor and Austin Slater, our two big men are returning as well,” Evans says. “And Aaron Rothermund is back too, so basically everyone is coming back, so it should be a fun year next season.

Next season seems to be a promising season for the Cougars as they only lose two players in Tom Aase and Zach Wessels. They do keep good players such as Rothermund, Taylor, Slater and 2nd Team NSIC player Drew Guebert.

As well as Evans who is coming off his historic season.

“If we can just keep what we had last season and gradually improve on that for next year, it will be a good year for us next season,” Evans says.

The clear-cut future for Trevon Evans is not fully decided yet. Ever since he was a toddler, his true love has been basketball and Evans hope that is something he can continue to do into his future.

“After basketball (at USF), I plan on trying to play ball overseas somewhere,” Evans says. “I’m not sure for whom, which country or which league, but I’ll go anywhere to be completely honest.”

From starting at 3 years old, Evans never thought he could come as far as he has come now. He has found the journey from Wichita, Kansas, to Sioux Falls, SD where he earned First Team NSIC rights.

Evans has one year of basketball yet at USF and while he is studying Criminal Justice, he still knows that basketball is something he hopes to do competitively for a long time.

April 2018 | 5

USF Theatre:

Back on Stage

AND

Story by Jessica Justin Drawing courtesy of Kelsey Bageant

The musical Into the Woods is no easy feat to perform. With an overlapping storyline, many characters, and music, it is one of the more complex musicals out there. However, the University of Sioux Falls Theatre Department is ready for the challenge.

gets as deep as this one with new people,” Holcomb says.

Into the Woods is a combination of well-known fairy tales woven together by the common presence of a witch.

It’s a mixing pot of characters from Little Red Riding Hood to the Baker and his wife, and all the favorites in between says USF junior Ian Doyle, who plays the Steward.

“Musicals are the perfect way to make new friends and lifelong memories,” Temple says.

“The woods is meant to represent where you go if you need to figure out something or find whatever you’re looking for,” Doyle says. “Everyone goes into the woods to find what they need and things end up happening.

Crazy stories unfold, and it ends up being this three-hour story” The witch is played by Laurel Holcomb, a sophomore transfer student from South Dakota State University. She describes the witch as the reason for each character’s problems, sending them out into the woods to find items to fulfill her demands. Holcomb is jumping in and making connections in her first semester at USF. “Especially being a transfer, I am very excited meeting new people and being able to experience a show that

Another cast member and transfer student Kirsten Temple, who plays the Baker’s Wife, shares a similar outlook to Holcomb.

In fact, there is a consensus among the cast that the people involved in this production are a special group.

Alex Gerlach, who plays Rapunzel’s Prince, is excited to work with such a talented cast.

“Everyone is extremely talented and I’m just excited to work with a professional group like this,” Gerlach says.

Into the Woods is unlike anything that the USF Theatre Department has attempted in the past. It is something that has tested all of the creative minds working on this production, and it is moving USF in the right direction according to Madison Rimmer, who plays Little Red Riding Hood.

“This production is one of the most difficult shows to produce – it is just such a large production and it is definitely going to be a challenge

for every aspect of our theatre department,” Rimmer says. “We are willing to put the work in and I am so confident in this performance and very confident in our directors, cast, and crew that this will not be a production you want to miss.”

The stage manager of this production, Chloe Lang, says director Joe Obermueller won’t be cutting out any of the unsavory bits in the later acts.

“That’s when we get like the real aspects of what it’s like to be a human, and what those human tendencies are. Like cheating on your wife, or lying or betraying someone, or blaming people. That’s a big theme throughout the whole show,” Lang says.

Holcomb is not the only new-comer making an appearance on stage.

She is joined by three other transfer students and many underclassmen who have not been in a show at USF. Ezra Hunter, an underclassman and the narrator, looks forward to following the legacies of those who have come before him.

“I see actors thrive on this stage, and I am working hard to be one of those,” Hunter says.

Although this show has its fair share of new talent, there are plenty of upperclassmen present and leading the way on this difficult production.

Into the Woods

AND

Hannah Brenner, playing Sleeping Beauty, is a senior looking to make her last USF production one to remember.

“It is very bittersweet to know this will be my last time to experience performing on this stage, I am very grateful to do so alongside all these great people,” Brenner says.

Some of the cast shared what attendees can expect when coming to Into the Woods.

“I think expect to laugh at times, but expect to cry sometimes too. It’s a very relatable show despite being about a big fantasy world,” Holcomb says.

Some of that laughter will be coming from Gerlach and his fellow prince, Brady Boerema.

“We’re kind of the comic reliefs, not that the whole musical is comedic but we definitely play a key factor in making people laugh,” Gerlach says.

Boerema, Cinderella’s Prince and the Wolf, acknowledges the challenges of Into the Woods two weeks into rehearsing.

“Rehearsals have been going well so far, but the music is no easy task. We all have to use more musicianship than we do our singing voice or acting dialogue,” Boerema says.

Although this is a musical, the dialogue plays just as big of a role. Here are a few quotes to look forward to that are favorites among the cast.

Chloe Kimball, who plays Rapunzel, says,

“My favorite line is definitely the last one, when Cinderella says, “I wish”, because throughout the whole musical, they’re all trying to attain things they think will make them happy/satisfied.”

Emily Magera, who plays Lucinda, says,

“My favorite line from the script is “You are not alone”. It is a good reminder for the crazy college times that someone is on your side and will all turn out good in the end.”

Noah Temple says,

“My favorite line that my character Jack has is ‘The difference between a cow and a bean is a bean can begin an adventure!”

Into the Woods will be performed May 2nd through the 6th in Jeschke Fine Arts Center Meredith Auditorium.

What do zombies and college students have in common?

The answer is simple: blank stares, dark eye circles, shuffled walking, and mumbled coffee orders to the baristas.

That is definitely a regular thing one could find in front of Cooper’s Café at any given time of the day, especially on a Monday. Don’t worry, no looming zombie apocalypse yet – these are just the faces of sleep deprivation.

The second semester of the 2017-18 school year is officially in full swing, and speaking from a few years of experience, I think it is probably safe to say that we are all well acquainted with lack of sleep

8 | The Vessel

at night and the side effects.

While the list of possible stereotypes of college students is seemingly never ending, there are a few dynamic characteristics that are significant to the topic at hand. It’s probably safe to assume that our lives are made up of procrastination, late nights, cramming for exams and questionable amounts of caffeine to make up for that lack of sleep. However just because these habits make for funny stories at the dinner table, your body probably doesn’t find it as humorous.

So what is sleep deprivation anyway?

According to the American Sleep Association, the term ‘sleep deprivation’ can be described as not obtaining an adequate amount of sleep. As a result, the brain and cognitive functions like memory, attention span, reasoning, and language are adversely affected.

Lack of sleep at night takes a toll on your psychological health. Dr. Mike Grevlos, a psychology professor at USF,

But how much sleep do we really need? Everyone is different. However, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, adults should get between seven to nine hours of sleep each night.

Believe it or not, sleeping in on the weekends to catch up on the Z’s doesn’t actually make up for the lost sleep you may have gotten during the week.

It might even throw off your entire body clock and lead to insomnia that night. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule seems to be the best answer for regulating the circadian rhythm, the body’s internal clock. This system helps to regulate asleep and awake cycles.

Professor Grevlos goes on to say that people with delayed circadian rhythms naturally experience drowsiness earlier in the day.

“If you think about that trend of really not being sleepy until later, and you connect that to classes and other types of schedules, they often don’t fit together very well.”

This is especially prevalent among college athletes who have early morning workouts, school work throughout the day, and possible late nights of studying because of their games.

Story by Marissa Lute Photos courtesy of Edwin Iraheta

says although the research of how many hours of sleep people need often varies, the average amount is a total of eight hours.

“Sleep deprivation is more defined by its effects than the number of hours one has slept. But you could say that if you’re getting less than eight hours regularly, you’re going to be qualified as sleep deprived. Secondly, sleep deprivation is defined as not getting enough sleep to be able to maintain your alertness throughout the day,” Grevlos says.

Edwin Iraheta-Retana is majoring in secondary art education with a minor in theatre. While staying on top of his school work, he is also a member of the cross-country and track team. For him,

getting around 5-6 hours of sleep at night is pretty typical. He says his sleep schedule as been this way since high school, so he’s used to little amounts of sleep.

“My main reason is having a hectic schedule. I wake up a little earlier than 7am to get ready for the day, go to class from 8-2pm, and then practice 3-6pm.

After practice, I usually go to work until about 8 or 9 at night. Then I do homework or hang out with friends until about 11 or 12. By the time I get and ready to go to bed, it is closer to one in the morning. And before I go to bed, I watch some Netflix for a little while; sometimes it goes to 2am.”

Each semester Grevlos surveys his psychology students, and the general consensus reports getting about 6-7 hours of sleep each night. Which, for most of them, would not be enough to fully function on all cylinders the following day. Even though each student has different day-to-day schedules, the amount of sleep a student needs and what they can function properly with varies as well.

Julia Linebaugh, an Exercise Science and Psychology major, says she doesn’t feel as though she is sleep deprived because she gets an average of eight hours of sleep at night. However, like most people, sometimes Netflix and social media scrolling gets distracting, which leads to fewer hours of sleep that night.

“When I am sleep deprived, there are times when if I am not stimulated enough I fall asleep, like in lectures.

Otherwise the biggest thing I noticed when I go a long time without getting enough sleep is I make silly little mistakes, like more typos in my texts or just straight up saying the wrong word in conversation,” Linebaugh says.

She says she doesn’t think sleep deprivation has to be such a common occurrence among college students.

“It is all about how we choose to spend our time during the days. Certainly, there are times when you can’t get as much sleep as you would like, but ultimately if you prioritize sleep you will get enough.”

So why has sleep deprivation become the norm? According to an article published in the U.S. National Library of Medicine, a lot of college students are sleep deprived because they go to sleep late and wake up for classes early. These two factors added together don’t allow the average student to get an adequate amount of sleep.

While it seems to be an easy fix – don’t procrastinate and go to sleep at a decent time – sleep deprivation might be an issue that started a long time ago.

Children who preferred to stay up past their bedtimes and continued to be night owls through their adolescent years have a delayed circadian rhythm as a result.

This change is typically associated with puberty, but we’ll just leave it at that.

Skipping the Z’s to get the A’s might seem like an easy trade off, but the short term effects are just as important as the long term effects.

“50%

of college students report that they feel drowsiness about every day.

When one feels sleepy they aren’t going to be able to pay attention, so it is easy to make simple mistakes and miss major details in a lecture setting,” Grevlos says.

10 | The Vessel

Mental and emotional health is also negatively effected. Just as much as sleep deprivation is prevalent in college students, so is stress. Lack of efficient sleep doesn’t lend to coping with stress quite as well, however. Short term memory is another Looking ahead to the future, if you stick with the sleep routine of barely eight hours you are putting yourself at risk for long lasting effects, some are even life threatening. According to an article

found on WebMD, people who have poor sleeping habits are more prone to diabetes, heart diseases, depression, and so much more.

So even though your Netflix playlist is thriving and you have recently became besties with the barista, maybe it is time to take a step back and reevaluate your sleeping habits – or lack thereof.

Your grades and academic success is important, but so is your overall health.

Recipe courtesy of:

Hayley Parker

Ingredients:

Peeps Chocolate the domestic rebel .com

Directions:

Candy Bars

1. Line baking pan with tin foil; mist with cooking spray. Preheat oven to 350°.

•

1 box chocolate cake mix

•

1 cup water

•

3 eggs

•

1/3 cup vegetable oil

5. Remove cake from oven, quickly spread with Peeps. Return pan to oven

•

20 - 24 Peeps Candy

and bake for 5 minutes or until Peeps are puffy. Remove pan from oven.

•

1 cup chocolate M&M’s

2. In a bowl, combine cake mix, eggs, water and oil; blend well.

3. Spread batter evenly in pan; bake for 15 minutes.

4. Chop Peeps into bite-sized chunks.

6. Sprinkle bars with M&Ms. Allow bars to cool before cutting.

APRIL 2018 | 11

Roastery and Taproom:

Story by Jade Roszak Photos courtesy of Abriana Scholl

New look, Same Quality Coffee If you are from Sioux Falls, or if you are a coffee lover, you may have heard of the new coffee roastery and taproom, The Source.

The Source officially opened its doors early this year. Dakota Coffee Roasters, the company behind the former Black Sheep coffeehouse, decided to open up a new store after Black Sheep closed. This was due to the fact that the building where the coffee shop had been located for years was demolished last year. Grange Avenue plaza was demolished to create space for the new Kum & Go gas station.

12 | The Vessel

If you had been to the previous coffeeshop, you will notice the great difference the new shop has. The new shop is an update of the brand, and the modern industrial design of the place speaks for itself.

The Source, located inside Jones 421 building at Phillips Avenue, offers world-class coffee as well as signature beers from the artisan breweries and is seen as an upgrade of Black Sheep coffeehouse by the business owners.

The residents of Sioux Falls also seem to agree.

“I am glad; Black Sheep is back as a better brand. The new place is an upgrade of the previous one,” James Black, a regular customer says.

The Source, which serves coffee roasted by Matthew Pitts, a renowned longtime coffee roaster, also intends to sell specialty coffee both at retail and wholesale to the entire world.

Co-owner Kristin Chau says she thought it was wise to grow the already established coffee brand, and at the same time maintain the commitment to ensure that it is the same high-quality coffee they are known for.

“We love the idea of serving handcrafted products that focus on the quality of ingredients along with the artisanship skill that influences the production,” Kristin says.

“I really like the coffee here,” USF sophomore Alexis Jellema-Baerg says.

“It is rich in flavor, but still has the bitter taste of coffee that I like.”

Alexis adds that the Source is a great place to study.

The business has taken efforts of family members to give it a look it currently has.

Haley Rodgers, Chau’s sister and a designer for HR Interior Design, is the designer of the place. She was able to draw the interior design that would meet both the needs of coffee and beer drinkers. The wooden table in this new location has been made by Chau’s father, who got some help from a family friend. A look at the tables will tell you that time and effort were put in making them.

The location is not on a busy street where there are a lot of hooting cars, noise, and smoke. The lighting both during the day and night makes this almost seem like the perfect spot.

The use of glass walls and lightings that hang from the different spots at intervals give the room a natural lighting.

In addition to serving coffee, The Source also has a 16 selfserve tap wall, which includes a selection of beers and ciders that have been handpicked by Chau and her team.

The new location is utilizing the iPourt technology on beer self-service. The beer drinkers are given an electronic card that permits them to pick and choose the wide variety of beer selection before paying by the ounce. This card is reset by the employee after every 32 ounces.

Customers also say they are pleased with the customer service. Ryan Pennington, a regular at The Source says that he enjoys that the staff are all so knowledgeable and friendly.

“I appreciate the good coffee, but I also like that they have other beverage options as well,” Pennington adds.

The Source occasionally has live music to entertain guests. You can check out their website for scheduled events.

The Source is open: Monday - Thursday 6:30am to 10:00pm Friday 6:30am to 11:00pm Saturday 8:00am to 11:00pm Sunday 8:00am to 8:00pm

“I love doing homework here, the natural lighting is great. It’s a very relaxing setting.”

APRIL 2018 | 13

EDITORIAL

In the Political Arena: The Second Amendment

Written by Whitney Fryer

On Saturday, March 24, thousands of people poured onto streets nationwide to take a stance on gun control. Thus far, cries for increased gun regulations have gone unanswered by lawmakers in Congress. The predominant reason, the Second Amendment to the Constitution, which provides that “A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”

The amendment is primarily interpreted in two ways. The first being, that it grants every U.S. citizen the right to own a firearm. On the other hand, it is analyzed as only protecting a state’s’ authority to maintain a militia, such as an Air Force Reserve.

Generally, the Second Amendment only concerns federal efforts to regulate firearms; state gun control legislation

does not implicate the amendment. This is why certain states have stringent laws regarding gun ownership and others, such as South Dakota, have more liberal policies.

The NRA (National Rifle Association) also has a strong influence over gun control policies in the United States. The NRA is a lobby group; “a body formed to influence legislation on a particular issue” (Oxford Dictionary). Typically, a lobby group raises money for their issue, which they then donate to political campaigns and federal agencies with the hopes of swaying lawmakers to vote in their favor. For the NRA, that means convincing legislators to strike down possible gun control laws (home.nra.org).

In 2017, the NRA spent over five million dollars lobbying legislators, according to an analysis of data provided by Open Secrets, a campaign finance and

lobbying watchdog (opensecrets.org).

District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) is the most recent U.S. Supreme Court case concerning the right to bear arms.

The Court ruled that “The Second Amendment guarantees an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia, and to use that arm for traditional lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home” (Library of Congress).

Since 2008, the Supreme Court has declined to hear several Second Amendment cases challenging laws that placed strict limits on firearms in various states. The Court has said very little about what categories of laws may violate the Second Amendment. Since the Heller decision, few challenges to gun control laws at the lower court level have succeeded. To view current gun laws by state, visit: gunlawsbystate.com.

What might a potential a gun control policy look like?

Increased waiting periods.

Several states have waiting periods for obtaining a firearm, some lasting as long as two weeks and some as short as two days. The federal government could create legislation that could establish a national waiting period.

Firearms licenses.

Twelve states and the District of Columbia have some type of gun licensing in place, per Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. These laws including a few common elements, such as requiring the licensees to take a gun safety course, pay a fee, and wait a certain amount of days to get a license.

Some states go beyond that by requiring

14 | The Vessel

prospective buyers to obtain licenses in person, either from the police or local officials. Overall, licensing involves a more rigorous background check than the one federal law requires.

Ban certain types of firearms.

The Heller decision only mentions the right to possess a firearm within the home, not the right to concealed or open carry in public. Meaning, both states and the federal government could pass legislation regulating firearms in public spaces. Since the case does not mention a particular type of firearms, states still have the freedom to ban weapons, such as the AR-15 – the firearm at the center of the current gun debate.

Extensive background checks.

The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (1993) mandated federal background checks on individual firearms from a registered firearms seller. Federal data shows, that between 1994 and 2007, 1.6 million gun sales were blocked by background checks, half due to felony convictions. Currently, unlicensed gun sellers do not have to conduct background checks. Therefore, if an individual fails a federal background check, they can purchase a firearm privately or from an unlicensed seller.

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java.io.File; import import java.io.FileNotFoundException; java.io.FileNotFoundException; import import java.util.ArrayList; java.util.ArrayLis import java.io.File; java.util.HashMap; import import java.util java.util Iterator; Iterator; import import java.util.Map; java.util.Map;import importjava. jav import java.util.HashMap; util.Scanner; import import javax.swing.JFileChooser; javax.swing.JFileChooser; import import javax.swing.UIManager; javax.swing.UIManager; public publi class WordCount WordCount {public {public static static void voidmain(String[] main(String[]args) args){countWordsViaGUI();} {countWordsViaGUI();}//// to pick pick file file to to exam exam via via GUI. GUI.////allow allowmultiple multiplepicks pickspublic publicstatic staticvoid voi allow user to {setLookAndFeel(); try try {Scanner {Scanner key key = = new new Scanner(System.

Scanner(System countWordsViaGUI() {setLookAndFeel(); {System.out.println(“Opening GUI GUI to to choose choose file.”); file.”);Scanner ScannerfileScanner fileScanner= =new new in); do {System.out.println(“Opening Scanner(getFile());Stopwatch st st == new newStopwatch(); Stopwatch();st.start(); st.start();ArrayList<String> ArrayList<String>words word = countWordsWithArrayList(fileScanner); countWordsWithArrayList(fileScanner); st.stop(); st.stop(); System.out.println(“time System.out.println(“timeto tocount: coun st); System.out.prinwt(“Enter System.out.print(“Enter number “ + st); numberof ofwords wordsto to display: display: “); “); int int numWordsToShow numWordsToShow numWordsToShow); fileScanner. fileScanne =Integer.parseInt(key.nextLine()); Integer.parseInt(key.nextLine()); showWords(words, showWords(words, numWordsToShow); another count? “) }while(key.nextLine().toLowerCase() close(); System.out.print(“Perform System.out.print(“Perform another count? “) }while(key.nextLine(). charAt(0) == ‘y’); key.close( e) {System.out.println(“Proble toLowerCase().charAt(0) ==catch(FileNotFoundException ‘y’); key.close( catch(FileNotFoundException e) {System. reading the data file.

Exiting the program.” + e);} // determine distinct words in a fil out.println(“Problem reading the data file. Exiting the program.” + e);} // determine Editorical Written by Caelan Markstrom network, the new block must have all miners have a chance to get using an array ArrayList<String> countWordsWithArrayList(Scanne distinct wordslist in private a file static using an array list private static ArrayList<String> what is called a proof of work. The income from bitcoins and not fileScanner) { System.out.println(“Total of words: “ organization + numWords);System.ou In January of 2009, Satoshi countWordsWithArrayList(Scanner fileScanner) { System.out.println(“Total just one or specific number PoW requires thenumber miners to find Nakamoto mined the first ever a number a nonce, which return Most mining pools println(“number of distincy words: “ called + result.size()); result; // determine of words: “ + numWords);System.out.println(“number of individual. distincy words: “ + distinc result. block on the chain. From there have capped their hashing power, is an arbitrary number that can words a file and of distinct each word withina aMap static Map<String size()); return result; // words fileprivate and frequency of each on, thein bitcoin network camefrequency into determine only be used once. This proof is which is the measurement unit of Integer>count WordsWithMap(Scanner fileScanner) {System.out.println(“number of existence. have word withMost a people Map may private static Map<String, WordsWithMap(Scanner the processing power of Bitcoin, distinc at easy for any node but alsoInteger>count quite heard of bitcoin, but still do not 39.99%. time-consuming.

The proof of words: “ + result.size());return result }private static void showWords(ArrayList<String fileScanner) {System.out.println(“number of distincy words: “ + result.size());return know what precisely it is or how to work system makes modification

words, int numWordsToShow) {for(int i = 0; i < words.size() && < numWordsToShow result words, inti numWordsToShow) even}private obtain it. static void showWords(ArrayList<String> of the blockchain extremely hard.

Bitcoin is pseudonymous, meaning i++) System.out.println(words.get(i));} private void {for(int i = 0; i < words.size() If&& i < numWordsToShow; i++) System.out.println(words. an attacker wants to modifystatic one it has noshowWords(Map<String ties to real world In short, bitcoin is a cryptocurrency entities; only bitcoin addresses. block, they must modify all other Integer> words, int numWordsToShow) } // perform a series of experiments on file get(i));} private static void showWords(Map<String, Integer> words, int and a worldwide payment system.

Owners of bitcoin addresses are blocks in order for the network Determine average time to // count words in files of various sizes private stati numWordsToShow) } other // perform a series of experiments not onidentified, files. but Determine average They can be exchanged for to accept it. As new blocks are all of their void performExp( String[] smallerWorks = the {“smallWords.txt”, “2BR02B.txt”, “Alice.txt currencies, services. in time to // products countand words files sizes private static void InperformExp( mined of all thevarious time, difficulty blockchains are public. addition, The system works without a central of modifying a block as time each ownerstime bitcoin address is “SherlockHolmes.txt”};; words from files and print average to cound word String[] smallerWorks =read {“smallWords.txt”, “2BR02B.txt”, “Alice.txt”, “SherlockHolmes. bank or single administer or the changed after each transaction. increases as well as the number of private static void timingExpWithMap(String[] titles, for(int j = 0; j <static title txt”};; read words from files subsequent and print average timeint tonumExp) cound words.private transactions happen directly

blocks as time passes. length; j++) Scanner fileScanner new Scanner(new Stopwatch st = new between users. void timingExpWithMap(String[] int numExp)File(titles[j])); for(int j = all 0;this j knowledge < titles.length; =titles, So if it takes How does someone store ofFile(titles[j])); on top of the amount of timest and = new Stopwatch(); Map<String, Integer> words = countWordsWithMap(fileScanner j++) Scanner st.start(); fileScanner = new Scanner(new Stopwatch Bitcoins are created from a process their mined bitcoins?

The answer effort it takes to mine a bitcoin, st.stop(); System.out.println(words.size()); times[j] += st.time(); fileScanner.close() Stopwatch(); st.start(); Integer> words = countWordsWithMap(fileScanner); known as mining.

Mining is a Map<String, then what’s the point? Why make is simple: wallets. Not physical for(double a :service times) 3);/ pre: titles elements of title record-keeping that timingExpWithMap(bigFile, is done st.stop(); System.out.println(words.size()); times[j] += st.time(); fileScanner.close(); such a != bignull, deal about it? wallets – digital wallets.

While using a computer’s processing walletsfrom are generally as a titles refer to files the/timingExpWithMap(bigFile, read words filesdescribed and average timeelements to cound word for(double a : in times) 3);/print pre: != null, of titles power. The mining process starts place to hold bitcoins, due to their Currently, mining a bitcoin can import java.io.File; java.io.FileNotFoundException; import refer filesa blockchain, in the/ import readis words from files and print average time tojava.util.ArrayLis cound words. withto creating which nature, bitcoins are connected to make miners incredibly wealthy. import java.util.HashMap; import java.util Iterator; import java.util.Map; import jav a publicjava.io.File; ledger that keepsimport records java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.util.ArrayList; One bitcoin equals 8,449.90 US their blockchains. Bitcoins uses of bitcoin transactions.

Minersjavax.swing.JFileChooser; must dollars.

On average, 12.5import bitcoins publi public-key cryptography, in which util.Scanner; import import javax.swing.UIManager; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util Iterator; import java.util.Map; java. keep these blockchains consistent, twos cryptographic keys, one are created per block added to class WordCount static void main(String[] {countWordsViaGUI();} util.Scanner; import{public javax.swing.JFileChooser; import args) javax.swing.UIManager; public// complete,and unalterable public and the oher private, are a blockchain. That amounts to allow user to pick file tostatic exam via InGUI. // basic allow picksIf you public static voi by repeatedly grouping new class WordCount {public void main(String[] args) {countWordsViaGUI();} // generated. the most form, multiple $105,623.81. have a hard broadcast transactions into a block. drive full=of bitcoins and wallets wallets holdGUI. these// “keys”. countWordsViaGUI() {setLookAndFeel(); tryallow {Scanner keypicks new Scanner(System allow user to pick file to exam via multiple public static void that you mined a while ago, in); do {System.out.println(“Opening GUI to choose file.”); Scanner fileScanner = new countWordsViaGUI() try {Scanner key = new Scanner(System.

From there, it is broadcast to {setLookAndFeel(); the Bitcoins are designed to have no now might be the best chance Scanner(getFile());Stopwatch st = new ArrayList<String> network and verified by recipient in); do {System.out.println(“Opening GUIStopwatch(); to file.”);of Scanner =word new central authority and choose is consideredst.start(); cashing themfileScanner in and you will nodes.

To be accepted by the to = benew decentralized.

This way, st.start(); receive big money. = countWordsWithArrayList(fileScanner); st.stop(); System.out.println(“time towords coun Scanner(getFile());Stopwatch st Stopwatch(); ArrayList<String> + st); System.out.print(“Enter number of words toSystem.out.println(“time display: “); int numWordsToShow =“ countWordsWithArrayList(fileScanner); st.stop(); to count: Integer.parseInt(key.nextLine()); showWords(words, numWordsToShow); fileScanne “ + st); System.out.print(“Enter number of words to display: “); int numWordsToShow close(); System.out.print(“Perform another count? “) }while(key.nextLine() = Integer.parseInt(key.nextLine()); showWords(words, numWordsToShow); fileScanner. toLowerCase().charAt(0) == ‘y’); another key.close(count? catch(FileNotFoundException close(); System.out.print(“Perform “) }while(key.nextLine().e {System.out.println(“Problem== reading data file.catch(FileNotFoundException Exiting the program.” + e);}e)// toLowerCase().charAt(0) ‘y’); the key.close( April 2018 15 // another count?another count? another “) }while(key.nextLine().toLowerCase() {System.out.println(“Problem reading thecount? data file.

Exiting the program.” + |e);} charAt(0) key.close( catch(FileNotFoundException e) {System.out.println(“Proble another == ‘y’);count?another count? another count? “)

Bitcoin: The Currency of the future?

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