PharmD Program Viewbook - USC Mann School

2024-25

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PharmD

USC

On cover: Nancy Ramirez, a member of the PharmD Class of 2028, is pictured near the Tommy Trojan statue before the USC Mann White Coat ceremony, an annual tradition that celebrates entering students and marks the start of their pharmacy education.

(Photo by Isaac Mora/USC Mann)

Welcome to USC Vassilios Papadopoulos Dean John Stauffer Decanal Chair in Pharmaceutical Sciences

“At USC Mann, we attract students who share our commitment to innovation and our desire to solve intractable health issues, shape the future of the profession and improve the lives of people everywhere.”

Kari L. Franson Senior Associate Dean for Academic and Student Affairs

“At USC, we have a diverse definition of what a pharmacy career entails. Whatever you imagine for yourself, you can do it here, and you can find a mentor at USC to guide you along the way.”

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Why PharmD?

PharmD Career Pathways

ENO INYANG PharmD ‘16 CLINICAL PHARMACY MANAGER AND PGY-2 ONCOLOGY RESIDENCY PROGRAM DIRECTOR Dana Farber Cancer Institute

MARINA BOULOS ABRAHAM PharmD ‘19

Numerous career options await our graduates, who are superbly trained experts in research, policy, community care and clinical practice.

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AMBULATORY CARE PHARMACIST Kaiser Permanente

XENIA MADERA PharmD ‘07 INTEGRATIVE HEALTH PHARMACIST & CONSULTANT Elevance Health

KOMAL PATEL PharmD ‘04 VICE PRESIDENT OF HEALTHCARE OPERATIONS Interwell Health

AMANDA LAMERROSEN PharmD ‘06, BCCCP FIELD MEDICAL DIRECTOR / MEDICAL SCIENCE LIAISON (VACCINES) Pfizer

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Why USC? RANKINGS

#1 private U.S. PharmD program according to U.S. News & World Report

Top

10% PharmD program overall according to U.S. News & World Report

650+

400+

professional students

volunteer faculty and preceptors across rotations and sites

10+

95.9%

dual degrees and seven areas of concentration offered to PharmD students

$161,748 14 average salary for pharmacists in California according to salary.com (July 2024)

mentorship opportunities during the PharmD curriculum

Identify practice opportunities early on

Dynamic residency/ fellowship programs

through introductory pharmacy practice experiences, advanced pharmacy practice experiences, shadowing faculty, and community service and health fair opportunities

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On-time graduation rate (PharmD Class of 2023)

designed to provide advanced skills while increasing postdoctoral scholars’ knowledge base through direct exposure

100+ faculty

$8M

in scholarships distributed in the 2024-25 academic year

11,000+ alumni living and working worldwide, including many pharmacists in Southern California

Average pass rate on the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) over the five-year period (2018-2022)

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Pinnacle Awards from the American Pharmacists Association—a national record

Nationally recognized expertise

Return on investment

World-renowned faculty

One of the nation’s top school’s for return on investment

and education that emphasizes excellence in clinical practice

Academic medical center

Top-performing graduates

Internship opportunities

in the heart of diverse Los Angeles County

and consistently above the national average in residency match rate

during summers to gain experience and hands-on skills

in a broad array of practice areas among faculty and alumni

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“ Daniella Del Toro

PharmD Candidate B.S., Biological Sciences, Pre-Pharmacy, University of the Pacific

PRE-P1 Moved to Los Angeles from Northern California

My experience here at USC Mann has been nothing short of phenomenal. I am grateful that my schedule has allowed me to be involved with several community outreach projects in the greater Los Angeles area.

Having summers free has given me a chance to explore different areas of interest, recharge from the demands of academic work, and work a full-time schedule at CedarsSinai Medical Center and CVS to gain clinical knowledge and help pay my tuition.

Completed one-year fellowship with California Right Meds Collaborative

P1 FALL Part-time at CVS Health Part-time fellowship with California Right Meds Collaborative

SPRING P1 Part-time position at CVS Health Started three-year Cedars-Sinai Medical Center inpatient internship part time Elected Medical and Pharmacy Student Collaboration (MAPSC) clinic director Volunteered at five American Pharmacy Student Alliance (APSA) health fairs Completed California Right Meds Collaborative fellowship

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P1–P2 SUMMER Began research project at Cedars-Sinai

Ortho bundle short-stay readmission project

Co-founded Southern California Outreach for Pharmacy Education (SCOPE)

Volunteered at eight APSA Health Fairs and served as a training evaluator at three health fairs

High school student longitudinal Saturday Academy planned for fall semester launch

Part-time position at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

SPRING P2 APSA health fair director for cholesterol awareness Class of 2026 mock health fair evaluator Breath of Life East L.A. health fair director Korean American Pharmacy Student Association (KAPSA) health fair director Maywood Center MAPSC Health Fair Director Part-time position at Cedars-Sinai Part-time position at CVS Health Volunteered for five APSA health fairs Elected to USC interprofessional education Began a new research project at Cedars-Sinai subcommittee as the student representative MAPSC street medicine clinic director Healthcare in Action street medicine volunteer Attended clinic weekly in a street and shelter medicine setting

Goal: Work in clinical pharmacy in an inpatient or ambulatory care setting

FALL P2 MAPSC street medicine clinic director

Updated SCOPE Academy program for fall

Healthcare in Action street medicine volunteer

MAPSC street medicine clinic coordinator

Attended clinic weekly in a street and shelter medicine setting Launched SCOPE Saturday Academy

Attended clinic weekly in a street and shelter medicine setting

P2–P3 SUMMER

Part-time at CVS Health Full-time at Cedars-Sinai in IV room Serve as lead Intern coordinating schedule, recruitment, meetings Developing USC Mann x Cedars-Sinai Bridge program for institutional leadership and administration New research project at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

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Personalize your path We offer a breadth of opportunities to reflect your interests and goals, and help you find your passion while differentiating yourself in the job market.

Tailor your degree by pursuing an area of concentration, dual degree, certificate or specialized electives.

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Dual Degrees Earn two complementary, in-demand degrees simultaneously. Dual degrees available: • • • • • • • • • • • •

Biopharmaceutical Marketing Business Doctor of Philosophy Law Gerontology Global Medicine Healthcare Decision Analysis Public Health Regulatory Science Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology

Areas of Concentration Add a concentration to your PharmD degree by completing 12 units in one of the following areas: • • • • • • •

Comprehensive Medication Management and High-Risk Populations Education Health Systems and Care Management Pharmacy Entrepreneurship Pharmaceutical Industry Research Sports Pharmacy

Specialized Electives Personalize your PharmD with elective courses such as: • • • • • • • • • •

Clinical Problem-Solving Complementary/Alternative Therapeutics Health Systems Pharmacy Geriatric Pharmacy Marketing and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry Medical Spanish for Pharmacists Pharmacy Practice in Women’s Health Sleep and the Pharmacologic Management of Its Disorders Cannabis-User Safety Sports Pharmacy

“ Chudi Okafor PharmD ‘26 “My journey at USC Mann has been incredibly rewarding. I’ve had the privilege of learning from outstanding faculty and giving back through volunteer activities aimed at underserved communities in greater Los Angeles. With my summer between P1 and P2 open, I pursued my passion for the industry through an oncology internship at Johnson & Johnson. This experience allowed me to connect with leading experts in pharmaceutical R&D and expand my clinical knowledge.”

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Dual Degrees Doctor of Pharmacy/ Master of Science, Gerontology

Doctor of Pharmacy/ Master of Science, Regulatory Science

Doctor of Pharmacy/Juris Doctor (Law)

Pharmacists with expertise in gerontology and geriatrics are in an excellent position to play a leading role in health policy and direct patient care. The PharmD/MS in Gerontology program provides extensive education and training in the unique health care needs of older adults. It allows student pharmacists with a career interest in geriatrics or gerontology to work with healthcare-planning and healthcare-delivery organizations to develop and implement progressive pharmaceutical care programs for the elderly. Offered in partnership with the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology: gero.usc.edu; 213-740-5156.

In the PharmD/MS Regulatory Science program, pharmacy education is enhanced by knowledge and skills related to medical product development and regulation. The program provides an opportunity for advanced preparation in the fields of clinical research, regulatory affairs and quality assurance. Skilled personnel are needed to fill positions in industry and government.

The program takes advantage of the complementary requirements and favorable scheduling of two standalone programs, the PharmD and the MS in Regulatory Science.

It permits students to use certain courses as dual credits to minimize duplication of content and reduce program length. Offered by the USC Mann School’s Department of Regulatory and Quality Sciences: regulatory.usc.edu; 323-442-3102.

There is a growing need for health professionals with legal backgrounds. The USC Mann School, in partnership with the USC Gould School of Law, has met this challenge by developing a PharmD/JD dual-degree program. This program provides specifically chosen students the opportunity to combine expertise from two distinctly different yet complementary disciplines.

Students develop expertise within both disciplines. For example, you can combine interests in administrative, industrial, substance abuse, primary care, geriatric and/ or pediatric pharmacy with medical malpractice, tort liability, product liability, intellectual property, patent and professional responsibility law. Graduates are highly suited to pursue careers in health-related law within the pharmaceutical industry, patent law, managed care or private practice. Offerered in partnership with the USC Gould School of Law: gould.usc.edu; 213-740-2523.

For more information on our dual-degree programs, visit

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Doctor of Pharmacy/Master of Business Administration

Doctor of Pharmacy/Doctor of Philosophy

Doctor of Pharmacy/ Master of Science in Global Medicine

In response to the growing demand for pharmacists knowledgeable in both pharmacy and business, the USC Mann School pioneered an exciting innovation in pharmaceutical education by developing a dual degree that combined a PharmD with an MBA. This five-year dualdegree program, established in 1988, permits participants to complete all pharmacy and business school requirements in of five years—one year less than would be required if a student completed each degree independently. Offered in partnership with the USC Marshall School of Business: marshall.usc.edu; 213-740-6548.

The USC Mann School’s PharmD/ PhD dual-degree program integrates the professional pharmacy school curriculum with graduate curricula in the sciences (Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology; Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy; and Pharmaceutical Sciences) to develop an accelerated course of study leading to both the PharmD and PhD. The program is prepares clinical scientists for careers in academia, government or industrial settings. Learn more at: pharmgradprograms.usc.edu; 323-442-1474.

The PharmD/MS in Global Medicine dual degree is designed for students who are interested in providing pharmaceutical care to underserved populations around the world. Students benefit from an advanced understanding of modern medicine in developing countries. Graduates will be able to serve as pharmacists in both domestic and global healthcare settings with special expertise in pharmacotherapy issues, or as researchers at biopharmaceutical companies’ global health programs. Offered in partnership with the Keck School of Medicine of USC: msgm.usc.edu; 323-442-3141.

Doctor of Pharmacy/Master of Public Health Pharmacists have expanded beyond the traditional role of dispensing medications to become an integral part of the healthcare team, with expertise in patient drug therapy. In response to a growing demand for pharmacists who are knowledgeable in both pharmacy and population-based health care, USC Mann and the Keck School of Medicine of USC have developed a dual-degree program that combines a PharmD and Master of Public Health. Offered in partnership with the Keck School’s Department of Population and Public Health Sciences: pphs.usc.edu; 626-457-6676.

Doctor of Pharmacy/ Master of Science in Biopharmaceutical Marketing The PharmD/Master in Biopharmaceutical Marketing provides graduates with the knowledge to become experts in growth sectors beyond the current healthcare and global biopharmaceutical industry, including newly emerging diagnostics and medical technology devices.

Graduates of the program will have developed strategic management tools for business careers in biopharmaceuticals, medical devices and diagnostics, digital health, and health care consulting. The PharmD and Masters curricula must be completed concurrently.

Offered by USC Mann Division of Healthcare and Biopharmaceutical Business; 213-821-6478.

Doctor of Pharmacy/Master of Science in Healthcare Decision Analysis The Master of Science in Healthcare Decision Analysis (HCDA), offered by the USC Mann School’s Division of Healthcare and Biopharmaceutical Business, gives students the tools and knowledge to succeed in the complex world of healthcare data analytics, international access and reimbursement, product pricing and value assessment, insurance operations and design, along with competitive business intelligence.

Learn more at: mann.usc.edu; 323442-1369.

NEW!

PharmD/MS in Pharmaceutical Sciences PharmD/MS in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics PharmD/MS in Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology

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Areas of Concentration

Health Systems and Care Management Students learn how managed care impacts the healthcare system, the various roles of pharmacists— in health systems, the insurance industry and the pharmaceutical industry—the fundamentals of health insurance and managing risk in the pharmacy practice setting.

Comprehensive Medication Management And High-Risk Populations Students gain specialized knowledge and skills in the healthcare needs of high-risk populations, including geriatric pharmacy and needs of underserved patients.

Students acquire advanced skills in comprehensive medication management through practice and project opportunities.

Research

Education

Students develop an advanced research project with mentorship and guidance from a faculty member for hands-on experience in basic, translational and clinical research.

Students learn about pharmacy education, including educational theory, teaching strategies, accreditation standards, creating and delivering educational programming, academic research, building a teaching portfolio and careers in academia.

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Pharmacy Entrepreneurship Students learn about community pharmacy practice involving location analysis, pharmacy management principles and business law concepts. They are also exposed to risk assessment and management in pharmacy practice and subspecialties available in independent pharmacy including specialty pharmacy, 340B pharmacy, durable medical equipment, compounding, long-term care and infusion.

Pharmaceutical Industry Students are exposed to pharmaceutical development, business marketing and commercialization, and safety and regulations during drug and medical product development.

New!

Sports Pharmacy With an eye toward the L.A. Olympics in 2028, our newest concentration exposes students to this growing field.

Didactic Courses (6 units) PHRD640: Sports Pharmacy Students will be connected with sports pharmacists, sports scientists and other health professionals who are working in the growing specialty of sports pharmacy. Students will explore how the sports pharmacy practice can be incorporated into their future careers.

Experiential Courses (6 units) Interprofessional sports pharmacy ambulatory care rotation

PHRD641: Focused Sports Physical Assessment and Drug Management.

This course focuses on screenings and physical assessments related to sports injuries or sportsrelated situations. Students will master clinical skills during pharmacist-athlete conversations, especially when it comes to counseling about self-treatment with non-prescription drugs and interpretation of anti-doping policies.

PHRD 599: Sports and Dietary Supplements Students will gain insight on the dietary supplements market and regulations, sports supplements and associated risks and how sports pharmacists can help athletes become wellinformed consumers and reduce the risk of inadvertent doping when using these products.

Michael Kessler, PharmD ’21, joined USC Mann as a sports pharmacist in February 2024 and serves on the USC Athletics interprofessional medical team. He holds a master’s in kinesiology and exercise science and previously worked with the Los Angeles Chargers.

Athlete-centric community pharmacy rotation

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P1 FALL Started internship at PIH Good Samaritan Hospital Elected Medical and Pharmacy Student Collaboration (MAPSC) level 1 representative USC Mann Student Admissions Committee member Community Pharmacy Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE) at Janna Compounding Pharmacy

P1 SPRING Part-time position at PIH Good Samaritan

P2 FALL

Nominated as a Margaret and John Biles Leadership Center student ambassador

Part-time position at PIH Good Samaritan Hospital

Phi Delta Chi active member

MAPSC president-elect AMCP Pharmacy & Therapeutics Competition participant Information technology (IT) Liaison, a paid student worker position Elected pharmaceutical industry area of concentration

Latinx Advancing in Pharmacy (LAP) member American Pharmacy Student Alliance (APSA) general member Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP) general member

P1–P2 SUMMER Full-time position at PIH Good Samaritan Started research project at PIH Good Samaritan

Gilberto Peña

PharmD Candidate

B.S., Pharmacology and Drug Development, USC

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MAPSC health fair intern ambassador planning for fall orientation for incoming class

The resources and Trojan network at my disposal at USC Mann have presented me with signif icant opportunities on and off campus to succeed in my career.

I have been able to proactively exercise my summers to intern in an inpatient hospital setting and pharmaceutical industry setting, while growing as a leader through the planning of extracurricular seminars.

USC has encouraged me to pursue goals beyond my comfort zone and explore the pharmacy profession.

P2 SPRING Founded USC Chapter of the National Hispanic Pharmacists Association (NHPA) and became founding president Coordinated and planned summer USC Mann Leadership Seminar South Bay/Long Beach Society of Health-System Pharmacists mentorship program coordinator Attended Western Pharmacy Exchange conference in Las Vegas

P2–P3 SUMMER Institutional IPPE at L.A. General in internal medicine Full-time position at PIH Good Samaritan Hosted California Schools of pharmacy for USC Mann Leadership Seminar MAPSC health fair intern Ambassador planning for fall orientation for incoming class

Elective IPPE at RIS Rx healthcare technology organization

P3 SPRING P3 FALL MAPSC president USC student-run clinic undergraduate liaison Phi Lambda Sigma alumni liaison USC Mann Alumni engagement board member

Began Healthcare Decision Analysis (HCDA) master’s graduate certificate program Presented research conducted at PIH Good Samaritan Hospital

P4 SUMMER Summer Amgen internship (Commercial Leadership and Insights) during break in APPEs Primary Care/Ambulatory Care APPE USC virtual pharmacist Elective APPE Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Industry Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) at Emmaus Life Sciences

Goal: Work in the pharmaceutical industry to improve patient experiences through consumer market research and 15 marketing

Admissions To be eligible for the PharmD program, you must meet certain academic requirements.

Complete a bachelors degree and all prepharmacy required courses with a grade of C or higher at least one week before you enter our program.

Achieve a minimum 3.0 cumulative GPA (on a 4.0 scale) in all college work and pre- pharmacy required courses at an accredited two- or four-year college (biochemistry must be taken at a four-year institution).

A communications/public speaking course will be required for the PharmD class entering in Fall 2026.

Visit our website: https://mann.usc.edu/program/doctor-of-pharmacypharmd/admissions/course-equivalencies/ for course equivalencies at your school.

Apply Today!

Complete Your Pharmacy College Application Service (PharmCAS) https://pharmcas.org

Pre-Pharmacy Requirements General Biology

One year course with laboratory, excluding human anatomy and physiology

General Chemistry

One-year course with laboratory, including inorganic and qualitative analysis

Organic Chemistry

One year course with laboratory

Calculus

One semester or two quarters

Scholarships & Financial Aid • Over $8 million available for students. We’ll help you get the best pharmacy education so you can start your career on top.

Microbiology One course

Biochemistry One course

Human Physiology

One semester or two quarters

• The USC Mann School awards a variety of scholarships each year to new students based on academic performance, citizenship, extracurricular activities, pharmacy interest and/ or financial need.

*Human Physiology for science majors is required. If taking a combined Anatomy and Physiology course, the entire series must be completed.

• Federal and private student loans are available to all students.

Contact admissions at pharmadm@usc.edu

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Student Internships and Work

Financial Aid and Loans Students can apply for federal or private loans to cover any gaps they may have through the cost of attendance.

Over 80% of our students work and have paid internships Students tell us they earn between $10,000 to $40,000 per year Students work 40+ hours in the summer and part time during the year

Financial Factor

Gaining a significant amount of work experience while in a four-year program Gaining professional development, leadership, mentorship, and network

Scholarships If eligible, incoming students can earn a scholarship ranging up to $32,500, with an average scholarship over $17,000.

Tuition cost: $67,186 per year

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Started internship at Ralphs Pharmacy Nominated to be a Margaret and John Biles Leadership Center student ambassador

P1 FALL

P1 SPRING Volunteered at two APSA health fairs

Moved to Los Angeles from Orange County

MAPSC interdisciplinary clinic volunteer Joined MAPSC, American Pharmacy Student Alliance (APSA), Industry Pharmacists Association (IPhO) and Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP)

Started research in the lab of USC Mann Associate Dean for Research Annie Wong-Beringer Started position as Information technology (IT) liaison, a paid student worker position Los Angeles General Medical Center rotation Volunteered at five health fairs Medical and Pharmacy Student Collaboration (MAPSC) interdisciplinary clinic volunteer

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P2 FALL Founding member of Black Pharmacy Society affinity group Part-time position at Ralphs Pharmacy

Full-time Dean’s Summer Research PharmD Fellowship Community pharmacy Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE) at Clinica Romero

Part-time work in WongBeringer lab

My experiences at USC Mann prepared me to become a clinician-scientist. I had a desire to practice as a pharmacist while performing research that could be benef icial to patients.

My rotations, work at Ralph’s Pharmacy and experience in the UCLA Hotspotters program helped me discover a love for outpatient pharmacy.

During the summer, I was able to do additional rotations and work in pharmacy to supplement and practice the material I was learning in class. I also was able to perform research and sharpen my skills as well as gain new skills that helped me move my research forward.

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P1–P2 SUMMER

P2 SPRING Hosted inaugural Black Experience in Healthcare Education panel Part-time position at Ralphs Pharmacy Part-time work in the Wong-Beringer lab

P2–P3 SUMMER Hospital IPPE at Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center Awarded American Foundation of Pharmaceutical Education Gateway to Research Fellowship Full-time Dean’s Summer Research PharmD Fellowship Part-time position at Ralphs Pharmacy

PHD FALL 1 Started PhD program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics

P3 FALL Part-time position at Ralphs Pharmacy

Teaching assistant for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacy Practice and Professionalism courses

Part-time work in Wong-Beringer lab

PHD SPRING/ SUMMER

Community IPPE at White Memorial Plaza Pharmacy

Teaching assistant for Oncology and Nonprescription Therapies courses

UCLA Hotspotter Program participant Recipient of the United Food and Commercial Workers Joseph T. De Silva Scholarship

P4 SPRING Ambulatory care and acute care APPEs at Cedars-Sinai Published first author research paper in the journal mSphere Awarded Order of Arete at USC Graduated with Doctor of Pharmacy from USC Mann

P3–P4 SUMMER Huntington Hospital Infectious Disease APPE Community APPE at CedarsSinai Recipient of the United Food and Commercial Workers Joseph T. De Silva Scholarship Recipient of American Society for Microbiology Minority Abstract Award Presented research at the American Society for Microbiology World Microbe Forum Part-time position at Ralphs Pharmacy

Goal: Continue to practice outpatient/ ambulatory care pharmacy

Received Outstanding Teaching Assistant Award Received Culty Graduate Student Diversity Scholarship Co-Liaison for Black Pharmacy Society Affinity Group Panelist, Women’s Experience in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Event (DHI x DEI x LKS)

P4 FALL Hospital APPE at Providence Tarzana Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Part-time position at Ralphs Pharmacy Part-time work in WongBeringer lab

Michelle Kalu PharmD ’22 PhD Candidate

B.S., Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC Irvine

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Trojan Voices

Jessica Abraham, PharmD ’11 Director of Population Health USC Mann

“After completing an ambulatory care residency at USC Mann, I was a lead pharmacist in the school’s $12 million Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation grant promoting pharmacists collaboratively working with physicians to improve health outcomes while reducing costs. This led to a managed care opportunity with what is now Optum Health, where I spearheaded multiple medication management programs. I returned to USC Mann to cultivate partnerships that develop value-based pharmacy strategies aligned with population health priorities. Working for a national leader known for its progressive curriculum and clinical excellence allows me to truly make a difference.”

“USC is definitely true to its reputation of providing broad networking opportunities.

I can name so many faculty members that have served as role models and mentors in my professional career.”

Ken Thai, PharmD ’02 CEO 986 Degrees Corporation

“The USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences prepares its students for any career they want to pursue, whether it be in clinical pharmacy, regulatory science, business or any unique path that hasn’t been explored. The curriculum is incredibly advanced and the hands-on training I received at the university is unmatched and prepared me for my path in entrepreneurship.”

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Jack Simityan, PharmD ’11 Chief Pharmaceutical Officer Sortpak Rx Inc.

Members of the PharmD class of 2028 recite the Oath of a Pharmacist during USC Mann White Coat Ceremony, a tradition which marks the start of their pharmacy education.

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1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121 Main phone: (323) 442-1466 | pharmadm@usc.edu mann.usc.edu