Technique Magazine - February 1997

February 1997 Vol. 17, #2

AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF USA GYMNASTICS

Inside President's Message FIG Bulletin Subscription Technical Vault - Front Handspring Use Your Imagination!

Update and Clarifications: 1997-2000 Age Group Competition Program Equilibrium: Biomechanical Implications FIG Flash, No. 13 FIG Code of Points and USA Gymnastics rO. Compulsory Materials FIG Code of Points 1997-2000 Order Form Level I KAT: 1996 Year In Review NCAA Collegiate Modifications -1996-1 997

((ÂŤGA. GYMNASTICS

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publisher Editor Designer Men's Program Director Women's Program Director Rhythmic Program Director

Kathy Sconlan Steve Whitlock Cindy l. Reed

Contents Administration

Ron Golimore

President's Message

Kathy Kelly

FIG Code of Points

Nora Campbell

FIG Bulletin Subscription FIG Code of Points and USA Gymnostics 1. O. Compulsory Materials FIG Code of Points 1997·2000 Order Form

USA GYMNASTICS BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chair:Sandy Knapp; President: Kalhy Swnlan; President Emeri· tus: Mike Donahue; Amateur Athletic Union: Mike Sianner; American Sakal Organization: Jerry Milan; USA Trampoline & Tumbling: Wayne Dawning; American Turners: Belty Heppner; Jewish Community Centers: Lori Katz; College Gymnastics Assotiation-M: Roy Johnson; National Association of (ollegiale Gymnastics (oaches for Women: Gail Davis; National Association for Girls and Women in Sport: Marilyn Strawbridge; Notional Association 01 Women's Gymnastics Judges: Yvonne Hodge; National Collegiate Athletic Assadatian: Chris Voelz, Tam Dunn; National Federation 01 State High Schaal Assada· tions: Susan True; National Gymnastics Judges Association: John Scheer; National High Schaal Gymnastics Coaches Asso· dation: John Brinkwarlh; Spedal Olympics, Inc.: Kale Faber· Hickie; U.S. RhythmicGymnastics (ooches Association: Suzie DiTullio; U.S. Assaziatian 01 Independent Gym Clubs: Lame (rowley; U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Men's Gymnastics: MarkWilliams; U.S. Elile Coaches Association for Women's Gymnastics: Gory Anderson, Roe Kreutzer; U.S. Men's Gymnos· tics Coaches Association: Marc Yancey; U.S. Sports Acrobatics Federation: Bonnie Davidson; U.S. Competitive Sports Aerobics Federation: Howard Shwortz;Young Men' s Christian Associa· tian 01 the USA: Rick Dodson; USA Gymnastics National Membership Directors: Men's;Jim Holt, Ray GUrD; Women's: Lindo Cheminski, David Halcomb; Rhythmic: Alia IYirsky, Tamara Dosso; Athlete', Advisory Committee: Tanya lervice Choplin, chair; ChrisWaller, vice chair; Krislen KenoyerWaodland, sec; Wendy Hilliard, Vanessa Vander Pluym, Peter Vidmar, Conrad Voorsonger, Kim Zmeskal; USOC Athlete Representative: Michelle Duslerre· Farrell.

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Men's Vault Technical Vault - Front Handspring

Announcements Academic AII·American Awards Classified Ad - Score Moster Classified Ad - Position Available USA Gymnastics Seeks Public Relations Director Men'sJunior National Coaching Staff Position of Men's National Team Coordinator 1997 USA Gymnastics National Congress

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General Gymnastics Use Your Imagination!

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Men's Program Update and Clarifications: 1997·2000 Age Group Competition Program

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Biomechanics Equilibrium: Biomechanicallmplications An Insight Into the Biomechanics of Twisting

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News from the FIG USA GYMNASTICS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chair: Sandy Knapp; Special Advisor to the Chairman 01 the Board: Rae Kreulzer; President: Kalhy lconlon; Secretary: Mike Milidonis; Vice Choir Women: loon Moore Gnat; Vice Chair Men: Tim Daggell; Vice Chair Rhythmic: Candace Feinberg; FIG Execu· tive Committee: loy Ashmore; FIG Women's Technical Com· mittee: J"kie Fie; FIG Rhythmic Technical Committee: Andrea Ichmid·lhapiro; FIG Men' , Technical Committee: Gearge B"kslead; At Large Members: JimHarlung, luson True; Athlete Directors: Tanya lervice Chaplin, Wendy Hilliard, Peler Vidmar; USOC Athlete Representative: Michelle DUllerre·Forrell; President Emeritus: Mike Donohue.

Unless exprellly idenlified to Ihe IOnlrory, all ortides, slale· mentsand viev~ printed herein are attributed solely to Ihe author and USAGymnoslill exprelles no opinion and ollumes no responsibility thereof.

FIG Flosh, No. 13

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Workshops USA Gymnastics 1997 Women 's Jr. Olympic Compulsory Workshops and WTC New Code Symposiums

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Women's J.O. National Workshops 1997 National Jr. Olympic Compulsory Moster Workshop and Women's Technical Commiffee New Code Symposium

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Preschool Levell KAT: 1996 Year in Review

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Kinder Accreditation for Teachers Level l Kat Workshop Registration

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Collegiate News CHAtlGEOF ADDREISAtW SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES: In order 10 ensure uninlerrupted delivery of TECHNIQUE magazine, notile 01 change of oddrell should be mode six 10 eight weeks in odvonle. For fastest servile, pleose endose your presenl moiling label. Direcl all subscription moil to TE(HNIQUE Subscriptions, 1036 N. Capitol Ave., Suite E23S, Indianapolis, Itl 46204.

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Third dOls postage paid at Indianapolis, lit Subscription priles: U.s.-521 per yea r; Conodo/ Mexico-54B per year; all olher foreign countries-560 per year. II available, bock illue single IOpies 54 plus postage/ handling. All reasonable core Vlill be token, but no responsibility IOn be OIsumed for unsoliciled mOleriol; endose re turn postage. Copyright 1996 by USA Gymnostics and TE(HNIQUE. All rights reserved. Printed by Sport Graphics, Indianapolis, IN.

NCAA Collegiate Modifications - 1996·1997

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PDP II Active ASEP/ NFICEP Coaching Principles Course Instructor List

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Men's Gymnastics 1997·9B Scholarship Application

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Administration

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE ~

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Kathy Scanlan

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have decided to take a small space in our Technique magazine so I can have a direct communication wi th our professional members on a more regular basis and also try to keep you up to date on some of the developments at the n ational office.

USA Gymnastics receives enormous support from the United States Olympic Committee. The USOC estimates that their financial support for our teams in the forms of grants, delegation support and joint marketing during the las t quadrennium had a value of nearly $11 million. In addi tion the USOC provides technical expertise and valuable assistance with our educational programs, our public relations efforts and with our international relations. That's why I am particularly pleased to note that our recently re-elected Chair, Sandy Knapp, has been named by the National Governing Body Council to a concurrent 4-year term on the USOC Executi ve Committee - this is the first time in USA Gymnastics history that we have had an EC representative. Michelle Dusserre-Farrell, USA Gymn astics representative to the USOC's Athletes Advisury Council, has been elected as a member of that grou p' s board and will vo te at the USOc. Both Sand y and Michelle do an outstanding job representing the interests of our athle tes and our sport.

The NCAA also has a large impac t on our coaches, a thle tes, and other members of the gymnastics community. At the NCAA convention in January, the College Gymnastics Association with support from USA Gymnastics successfully passed legislation that protects all OlympiC sport NCAA Championships. This removes

the threat to the men's gymnastics NCAA Championship and will lay the foundation for our efforts to expand the number of both men's and women's NCAA programs. Our NCAA liaisons, Dick Aronson, Kathy Feldma!U1, and Sandy Thielz, do an outstanding job. Special thanks are due to Dick for his tireless efforts on behalf of this particular legislation. In February at their Board meeting, the USOC will consider the details of a program to grant funds for joint efforts by NCAA Conferences and National Governing Bodies to increase the number of Olympic sport programs in NCAA institu tions. The increasing cooperation between the NCAA and the USOC augurs well for the future of NCAA gymnastics.

The John Hancock Tour concludes its second leg on Fe bruary 10 in Salt Lake City. This Tour has been to 56 communities and has been extraordinarily well received in each city. Our hope is to have a yearly tour so that we can promote gymnastics on a national basis. Many people h ave indicated that having events in their communities is on e way USA Gymnastics can help clubs to grow and prosper. The Tour, combined with our televised and other events, will help to keep gymnastics in the public eye. As a reminder our television schedule on NBC is as follows:

Event

EventDate

Broad(ast Date

Time (EST)

American Cup Tarrant County Convention Center Arena Fort Worth, Texas International 3 on 3 Gymnastics Championships Tarrant County Convention Center Arena Fort Worth, Texas International Team Championships USA vs. Chino vs. Romania Cincinnati Riverfront Coliseum Cincinnati, Ohio John Hancock U.S. Gymnastics Championships McNichols Arena Denver, Colorado *tentative

February 27 March 1

March 1 (Live)

4:00-6:00

March 2

March 8

4:30-6:00

March 21-22

April 12 (men) April 19 (women)

1:00-3:00 1:00-3:00

August 13-16

August 16 August 17 Sept. 13

8:00-9:00 7:00-8:00 2:00-3:00*

The USA Gymnastics television broadcast schedule is updated regularly on the USA Gymnastics Online website: http : //www . u s a - gymnastics . org

February 1997

TECHNIQUE

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FIG Code of Points

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T ECHNIQUE

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Men's Vault

TECHNICAL VAULTFRONT HANDSPRING Mas Watanabe, National Technical Coordinator Illustration s by Mas Watanabe and Steve Whitlock

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he handspring vault is used as the technical vault in the USA Gymnastics J.O. Compulsory program for all levels.

This basic vault does not require complex technique in its performance, but through mastery of the basics, gymnasts will develop and refine essential teclmiques that w ill serve them well w h en learning other more complex vaults. The main components of vaulting (such as running form and sp eed, hurdle step onto the board, quick and powerful take-off from the board, turn over from the board to the horse and repulsion off the horse) can all be refined and developed by learning a teclmically good handspring vault.

One of the important and critical technical aspects of the front handspring is the ability to utilize the power of full running speed and body rotation at the take-off without the concern of over rotation. If the gymnast slows down his running speed to control his body rotation in the post-flight, it defeats the purpose of this technical vault. The main focus of this article is to discuss the techniques coaches should look for in order to permit the gymn ast to control post-flight rotation.

Physical preparation Physical preparation is just as important as using proper progressions when teaching vault. Once a gynmast h as the appropriate body strength necessary to execute good technique, learning w ill take place quickly. Following are some exercises w h ich w ill help to prepare gymnasts to execute better handspring vaults.

1. Body tightness in hollow and arched position

jumps over a small block on the rUIming s trip, etc.

D. Weights - Push jerk with barbell, leg extensions and curls on a leg machine - With a dumbbell at side, squat down and jump, etc.

Front handspring on the floor Th e front handspring taught in tumbling is the essential skill for learning the handspring vault. Since the front handspring in tumbling is often used as a preceding tumbling skill (prior to a complex major skill), the main emphasis of the skill is creating an efficient and powerful body rotation rather than the height and the flight of the handspring itself. In fac t, the height of the handspring is rarely emphasized in coaching tumbling. Effective blocking and greater height in the post-flight, however, is essential for proper performance of all the advanced vaults. Floor is the best place to teach how to block from the h orse properly and to develop the power essential to make these advanced vaults possible.

Next we w ill look at important ingredien ts for executing a front h andspring on the floor w ith high flight. There are four critical teclmical points required to execute the high handspring, including: 1. quick upper body ro tation down to the floor, 2. low approach w ith an open sh oulder angle, 3. aggressive push from the front leg and lifting of the back leg, and 4. quick repulSion off the floor.

The mid-section of the body needs to be very strong for the powerful take-off from the board as well as for a strong repulsion off the horse.

2. Handstand hop on the trampoline Gymnasts should be able to hold an extend ed and tight body hands tand while hopping on a trampoline. Body tightness in the handstand position is essential for good repulsion from the horse.

The technical points of #1 and #3 (above) are the same as emph asizing the quick body rotation in the pre-flight on handspring vault. A quick body turnover from the board to the horse is crucial.

Illustration 1 shows some of the positions described above.

3. Shoulder shrug and push off With a spotter holding the gymnast's legs in a push up position on the floor, the gymnast hops on the hands, in series, using sh oulder shrug and extension.

4. Leg exercises There are many leg exercises that gymn asts can do to develop leg strength for a faster run as well as for a stronger take-off.

Examples: A. Variations of numing - stairs, uphill, with weight, etc.

B. Squat jumps, one leg squat, one leg calf raises, etc.

A Figure 1

C. Plyometrics - series of hops up to stacked mats, series of February 1997

TECHNIQUE

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Men's Vault

Th e low angle approach of the arms and shoulders as indicated in Illustra tion I:B is p articularly important for a good h an ds pring vault that h as fas t bod y turn over w ith strong upward leg thrust.

The repulsion off the floor m us t be very fas t w h en the entire body is rotating d own to the fl oor w ith a lot of sp eed. The speed and the timing of the repulsion d etermines the h eight of the flight and am ount of rotation the bod y will have in the air. Th erefore, it is critical to teach good repulsion technique on the floor as the first step .

3. Handspring hop from a springboard to a landing on the back (Illustration 3)

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Following are some examples of floor d rills to teach a good handspring vault:

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Handspring hop

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1. Handspring hop on the floo r (Illus tra tion 1)

Figure3

A. Hop to h andstand roll

B. H op to h an ds tand u sing a h echt action 2. Hand sprin g hop on to an elevated surface (Illustration 2)

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There are two major p oints w hich need to be tau ght thro ugh these d rills: 1. Quick push-off from the shoulders The hand s should come off the floor before the center of mass reaches the ver tical p oint - as early as p ossible.

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2. H ech t ac tion

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To h ave an effective block, initially the hand s and sh oulders should block fo rward (resistin g closing the shoulder angle).

H owever, additional em ph asis need s to be p laced on p ushin g the h and s downward as the blocking occurs. This ac tion facilitates a quick lifting of the sh oulders in an forwar d / upward direction . This sh oulder ac tion is essential for controlling the entire bod y ro ta tion in the air during a good h andsp ring vault.

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TECHNIQ UE

Men's Vault

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Figure 4

Note: This use of the hecht ac tion is the essential technical difference between vaults with a single ro tation and vaults with multiple somersaults in the post-flight.

Handspring vault Following are som e technical suggestions and pointers w h ich coaches and gymnasts should look for during each phase of the vault.

Running

Arm swing Since the hecht-ac tion is crucial to this vault, an under-arm reach is strongly recommended. The h and s should move to the horse as quickly as possible.

Pre-flight I believe that pre-flight is the most crucial part of the entire va ult. Focus on the timing of the h eel release and the body/arm angle to the horse.

1. Timing of the heel release

Ideally, gymnasts sh ould be able to utilize full running speed to execute this vault. This ability increases as the hecht ac tlOn becomes more efficient. Gen erally, as a gymnast generates increased sp eed and rotation, a more vigorous a h echt-action is required.

Approach to the board The hurdle step onto the board should n ot be high. The center of mass should travel in a horizontal plane rather than moving up and down. During the hurdle step, the feet should be quickly pulled in fron t of the body to avoid a forward upper body lean mto the horse .

The heels should not be released too vigorously right off the board - however, the heel release begins prior to h and s contacting the h orse (see Illustration 4:D). A comm on mistake in this phase is that the pre-flight is too high and, therefore, the body rotates to the h orse too slowly.

2. Body and arm an gle to the horse The body position at the moment of horse contac t should be: (see the Illustration 4:E) . somewh ere between 20 to 30 degrees above horizontal,

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

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Men's Vault

as open as possible, and the hips should be open without excessive arch.

Repulsion During the repulsion phase, "how to block" is critical to control body rotation. In order to achieve good height as well as good distance in the post-flight, the hecht action is essential during the block.

good technique. Coaches will discover that of time spent on developmental progressions before attempting the entire vault is time well spent.

Finally, along with the proper progressions for each vault, time spent on physical preparation of the gymnasts will assure safe and fast learning.

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Hecht action

The proper hecht-action with the arms is to block the hands forward as well as downward. Forward blocking allows a change from horizontal speed to upward direction and it is essential to attain the maximum height in flight. However, blocking action is not enough to control the tremendous body rotation generated by the heel release. Therefore, additional downward blocking becomes critical to control the entire body rotation in the air. Generally, if a gymnast can generate more speed and body rotation, he needs more downward blocking action. It is essential that the gymnast should not try to control body rotation by slowing down his running speed or the speed of the body rotation. Rather, he should increase downward blocking power in order to control his body rotation in the air.

o

.. mnasts to apply for the 1997 It's time for all qual1hed gy A demicAll-AmericanRecMen's Junior Olympic pr~gra:p~~tive athletes, who hav~ ~ 路tion Award. All rna e co of 3 5 or higher (on a . ~ulative Grade point :~:g~ust 路submit a comple.ted scale), are eligible. AP~~~h two letters of reconunend~lO;~ application form, along d a $5 application fee to USA Yde. f. s and program . hical sketch an a bl~g:a:y April 15th. APplicat9160~7 ~~A Gymnastics Men's nas. lC. be found in the 19 scnptlO n can

Rules and policies.

Head position

As the hands contact the horse, the head should be between the shoulders and should not be lifted too much. The head position is directly related to the shoulder extension. If the head is lifted too high prior to the hand contact, the shoulders will not be as extended as necessary. During the downward blocking action, the head should quickly move in an forward/ upward direction to facilitate body counter rotation.

Body position during the post-flight In the air, the body should be arched mainly from the chest and should remain tight.

The head should be lifted slightly throughout the flight. Also, the head should not be brought forward too early in preparation for landing - rather, the head should remain up until the last possible moment before landing.

The arm movement during the flight is also important. Changing arm position during the post-flight helps control body rotation. After blocking, the arms should be brought upward and open slightly to the side (see Illustration 4:1). The speed of the arm opening (to the side), as well as the timing of this action, have a strong effect on the body rotation. The arm opening action facilitates body rotation in the air. Additionally, the quickness of the arm opening action influences the speed of body rotation. The faster the opening action the more the body will rotate. This arm action is essential for controlling and assuring proper landing position.

Note: The hecht-action technique described should only be applied to gymnasts who have reached a point where their maximum running speed starts to affect their body rotation in the postflight.

Conclusion The vaulting event should given the same attention to technical detail as any other event. A vault should be broken down to smaller segments such as rUIU1ing, approach to the board, take-off, pre-flight, repulsion, post-flight and landing. The coach who devotes effort into perfecting these segments will greatly enhance the learning of any type of vault by their athletes. Additionally, the use of proper progressions for each vault is important for developing

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February 1997 TECHNIQUE

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General Gymnastics

USE YOUR IMAGINATION! Mojka Mehora, coach

Dance Acrobatic club FLIP Pirnn, Sloven ia

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Editor's Note: The FLIP club from Piran, Slovenia recently participated in the 1996 USA Gymnastics Nation al GymFest at the Disneyland Hotel in Anaheim. Their group con sis ted of 28 girls and the coaching staff. Their performances were a highlight of the GymFest. The FLIP's displayed imaginative choreography, excellent teclmique, beautiful constumes, and variety in music selection. During their stay in Southern California, they were hosted by families from Eric Will's gymnastics center.

USA, Here we come!

It was not until las t summer, w hen we returned from Denmark w h ere we p erformed in Legoland, Copenh agen, Tivoli, and Vordinburg, that I started to consider taking our group to p erform in the United States.

I h ad discovered the USAGO website and information about the 1996 USA Gymnas tics National GymFest while surfing the Internet. I established contact with Steve Whitlock from USA Gymnastics and Dean Capelotti, the local Director of the GymFest.

We kept in touch through email throughout the fall. They provided updates on GymFest plans and details. Th eir kindness in answering m y numerous question s was matchless.

We mad e our decision - it was "USA, Here we come!" Our girls began enthusiastic preparations and our n ew ch oreography began to take shape. By November, our training became more focused and livelier. I foun d m y girls getting very excited as their minds dream ed of sandy Californian beaches and Mickey Mouse.

It is d ifficult for me to describe our feelings as we prepared to leave our tiny medieval town on the Adriatic coast and board the p lane for a 24-hour long journey to the other side of the globe anticipation, excitement, and som e degree of apprehension . All I had was a map of Los Angeles, m y 28 girls, and some names and phone numbers of some p eople whom I had never met.

Upon our arrival at the LAX airport, we were at first somewh at down -h earted. But, suddenly we encountered the first of many pleasant surprises we w ould experience during our visit - there was a group waiting for us outside of the customs area. Our greeters included the Slovene honorary consul, w h o lives in LA, and several others who we learn ed later were the parents of the American gymnasts. Our n ew fr iends loaded our group members into their cars and took us to Eric Will's gym center. Eric is one of the many Am ericans w ho did their best to make us welcome and m ake our visit unforgettable H e m ad e them memorable indeed accommodating us in his gym; show ing us a part of his homeland; and describing American culture, customs, and way of life. We found that Eric was somewh at of a magician - he could turn a rainy day into a sunny one!

I believe that general gymnas tics is one of the world's most wonderful sport ac tivities. It became a p erfect success as staged in the fairy-tale scen ery of Disneyland. Music, childish playfulness, and love for gymnas tics were our constant companions. Our girls m ade numerous friendships and we, the trainers, dedicated our free time to sh ared experiences.

Our club has participated in many n ational festi vals as well as the World Gymnaestrad a and we realize that it is a huge undertaking to organize and conduct these events. The USA GYl1mastics National GymFest was carried out on schedule with no problems or disturbances. We offer our thanks and congratulations to the GymFest organizers who made it h app en because of the love they invested in it.

During the trip, I sent a postcard to a friend in Slovenia w here I said, "There are places in the world where each moment lasts eternally. America lives from such moments."

Memories from America I hope our American friends w ill enjoy a few of the photos we took during our visit and the following excerpts from our girls' trip diaries:

At the beginning of the first performance, I had a bit of stage-fright. But, I did quite well. At the end, the applause was so loud that I couldn't hear our exit music.

- Dijana Stanisc (11 years old)

After the show we were in a wonderful mood.

What I liked best was getting acquainted with other groups from America after the show. We wrote names on T-shirts and exchanged addresses.

- Aleksandra Belle (13 years old)

America and Eric Will are great! Disneyland is marvelous and the GymFest even more!

- Tasa Banko (10 years old)

Although we didn't have enough time for regu lar training, we danced our show superbly!

- Jana Zerjal (12 years old)

We are proud of FLIP - It gives us beautiful choreography and we get to travel a lot

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

- Andreja Furlan (12 years old)

â&#x20AC;˘

General Gymnastics

The audience seemed to be delighted with our performance and this made us v ery happy - Ivana Pranjic (13 years old)

Use your imagination!

- Mickey Mouse

Editor's End-note: The 1997 USA Gymnastics National GymFest will be conducted at the new Walt Disney Wide World of Sp orts complex in Orland o in Au gust. We exp ect n early 2,000 p articip ants! Besides groups fr om the United States, we expect participa nts fro m several other cou n tries includ in g: Can ad a, German y, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden (the h ost cou ntry fo r the 1999 World Gymn aestrad a), as well as groups from South and Central America. Watch for m ore informa tion in Technique magazine and on USA Gynmas tics Online at:

http : \\www . usa-gymnastics . org

(Mickey must have been thinking about

"General Gymnastics - It's for Everyone!"

General Gymnastics when he said this!)

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A13

February 1997

TECHNIQUE

Men's Program

UPDATE AND CLARIFICATIONS: 1997 - 2000 AGE GROUP d COMPETITION PROGRAM

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14

Ray Gura - Chairman, Age Group Competition Committee January 13, 1997

T

his is the third update which contains clarifications and rule modifications for the 1997-2000 Age Group Competition Program. These changes and clarifications constitute all of the changes and modifications to the Age Group Program including the changes/ clarifications in updates number one and two, dated June 16 and November 26, respectively. This document w ill be in effect immediately. Th e majority of these changes are the result of reaction to FIG Code of Points rulings and modifications w hich were not fi nalized until January 1997. The specific changes in this document from the last update are fo und in" Changes:" # 2 and # 7 and" Clarifications:" # 6. The committee would like to thank everyone for their patience and understanding with respect to these rule changes and modifications. The committee does not anticipate any fur ther rule changes for the 1996-97 competition season.

Changes 1. Age determining date In an effort to make the age determining rules as clear as possible, please amend page 8, A, number 3 to read: "Gymn as ts under the age of six will not be permitted to participate in the Age Group Competition Program under any circumstance. The athlete must turn six years of age before h e may begin competition."

2. Repetition The Junior Age Group Competition Program will recognize the FIG definition of repetition as it appears in Article 16 of the FIG Code of Points and will apply repetition rules regarding bonus points to all Developmental D's and also to C value skills at the Class III and IV levels .

Exception: For Class III and IV Floor Exercise, there w ill be no repetition d eductions or non-recognition, due to repetition, for acrobatic skills or acrobatic cOlU1ections. This is for Class III and IV only and at Floor Exercise only. In addition, all Developmental D's should be treated as FIG C value skills with respect to awarding connection bonus. (i.e. - the still rings straddle Maltese and 30° inverted cross . NOTE: The Developmental D press handstand is not eligible for connection bonus as per FIG) 3. Swings which pass through or end in handstand positions The 1997 FIG Code of Points and the 1997-2000 Age Group Program are at odds in the way they treat the handstand position. The FIG Code of Points defines swing elements

w hich pass through or end in a handstand with 0° to 15° of deviation as 0.0 deduction, the Junior Program currently recognizes the elements with 0° to 5° of deviation as 0.0 deduction (Section II, I, F). The Junior program will recognize and use the FIG rule. Handstand hold positions are still subject to the FIG deduction for deviation from ver tical.

4. Spotting The junior program will use the rule as written in Section II, E, 3 on page 13 of the Age Group Program Manual with following modifications.

Number 1 - No change Number 2 - delete N umber 3 - Change to read: "If the spotter assists in the execution of the skill, d educt .4 for the spot and any execution errors. The judge has the discretion to not recognize the skill if, in his opinion, the gymnast could not have completed the skill on his own."

Number 4 - No change 5. Compulsories - Intermediate swings All intermediate swings in compulsory competition will be deducted as per FIG (1/2 swing -0.2, entire swing -0.4).

Intermediate swings are not added p arts. To make the correction in the Age Group Competition Program Manual change: A. Page 14, A, number 2: Delete the words or swing.

B. Page 14, A, add number 7: Intermediate swing (as per FIG).

6. Special Bonus for Class III and IV The junior program w ill recognize that the firs t C value skill in Class III and IV modified optional routines will receive +0.1 bonus. To make the correction in your Age Group Competition Program manual, change Section II, number III, D, 1, on page 16, to read: C ; +0.1 (eliminate the word additional) .

7. Commensurate dismount The junior program will not recognize the FIG non-commensurate dismount deductions. Dismounts are required to be, at minimum, an "A" value skill for all classes. Dismounts which are not of at least" A" value (no dismount) or dismounts partially sh own would receive the appropriate FIG deduction.

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

8. Class III Required Skill number 2 on Parallel Bars

Yamashita with 1/1 twist - 2311

Minimum B value, stutz or backtoss to support (page 20 and 83). Change to read: "Minimum B value forward stutz, back toss or Diamadov."

9. B value skills

o

PB - stutzkehr - executed 45° to 74° above horizontal B value, 75° to 90° = C value

16

PB - backtoss - executed 45° to 74 ° above horizontal = B value, 75° to 90° = C value

A.

=

PB - peachbasket - executed 45° to 74° above horizontal = B value, 75° to 90° = C value HB - stoop circle rearward (stoop in, jam out) - executed 45° to 74° above horizontal = Bvalue, 75° t0900 = Cvalue The skills listed above, when executed below 75°, must be valued as B skills and cannot be considered as C value skills with deductions. In addition, the FIG 15° degree rule will begin for B value skills at 45° which results in the following: 31 ° to 44° = -0.1,16° to 30° = -0.2, Horizontal to 15° = -0.4.

Below horizontal results in non-recognition, -0.4 deduction and no B credit.

10. Pommel Horse, Class V, VI, and VII

The technical vault has a starting value of 9.8. A maximum of 0.2 bonus points may be awarded to the Technical Vault for a total of 10.0 points. Please make the appropriate change on page 72, number I, A. 17. Mounting the parallel bars using panel mats Amend page 10, B, number 1 to read: Panel mats may be used to mount any apparatus. At the parallel bars, a gymnast may not mount from stacked mats w hich would place that gymnast's shoulders above the bottom of the rails while in a standing position. In addition, a board or a mat may be used to mount the parallel bars but not both.

18. FIG Super E value skills Super E value skills will receive 0.4 bonus in the junior program.

Clarifications 1. Floor Exercise Class VI

Concerning the special performance criteria in Class V, VI, and VII pommel horse - on all leg cuts, stride support swings, false scissors and scissors the top leg should be at horizontal.

11. Pommel Horse The junior program will allow a gymnast to receive D Magyar credit even if the Magyar is broken up by flops on one pommel. The gymnast would receive both the Magyar and the flop credit.

12. Pommel Horse The junior program will not recognize the FIG flop repetition rule. A gymnast may do as many different flopping skills as he wants for credit. No other repetition rules apply to flopping sequences with the exception of the same flop sequence executed three times in a row.

13. Pommel Horse The junior program will recognize A value circles and flair circles (not B or C value) as being different skills with the same value for the code of points. This will particularly help with avoiding repetition infractions at the Class IV Modified Optional level.

14. Still Rings The junior program will recognize the Stretched Honma as a Developmental D. Hip flexion (pike) beyond 15° will not be recognized as a Developmental D. 15. Vaulting Take note of the new vault numbers which are valued at 8.3 in the junior program and the new categories of vaults for Class III and IV (Section II, III, F, 2 on page 16) - these changed in last edition of the 1997 FIG Code of Points. . Forward handspring with 1/ 1 twist - 2310

Class III and IV vaults must come from the FIG Categories II or III. 16. Vaulting - Technical Vault

The junior program will recognize B values for the following FIG skills as defined below. There is no A value for these skills.

I

Cartwheel with 5/4 twis t - 3309

A stalder roll substituted for the forward straddle roll in Class VI, FX, part 6 and 7, does not constitute virtuosity. If the stalder roll is substituted the forward straddle roll has been left ou t and the judge will be forced to deduct one point.

Virtuosity on the press can only be earned through superior press technique.

2. Floor Exercise Class IV Must the Required Skill number 1 be a layout back somersault or would a twisting layout back somersault fulfill the requirement? Yes, only a layout back somersault will fulfill the requirement.

3. Pommel Horse Class IV Must all three parts of the horse be used? Yes. Even though the required skills in the Class IV modified optional pommel horse do not require that all three parts of the horse be used, the FIG general presentation requirements do require that all three parts of the horse be used. The deduction for not using all three parts of the horse, per FIG, is -0 .2.

4. Parallel Bars For Class I, II, III, and IV no more than one B or C value reverse straddle cut may count for difficulty beyond A parts.

This also means that the second B or C value reverse straddle cut would not be reCOgnized for bonus or as fulfilling special requirements .

5. Short RoutinejPartial Replacement Even though the junior program follows the FIG rule which states that lower value skills cannot even partially replace higher value skills - those skills still count as parts. Example: A Class III gymnast performs a routine with 5 B parts and 2 A parts - he would lose 0.4 from difficulty for no C value skill, but would not have any deduction for having a short

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

Men's

rou tine since the B skill is recognized w hich wo uld give him seven parts.

Pro~am

If the judge d etermines that a skill (because of the manner in

stand held less than one second . Th e FIG deduction for a less than one second hold is -0.4 and non-recognition of the part.

However, the gymnas t in this example h as clearly completed more than 50 % of the skill, therefore, the deduction should be -0.4 for the short hold.

w hich it was executed) should not be recognized, the only d eduction would be -1.0 for the missin g part and for any appropriate execution errors. There wo uld be no deduction for added p arts or short hold etc. In addition, the deduction for missing p arts should be carefully applied w here the junior rules supersede the FIG Code of Points.

Example 2, Class V p arallel bars p ar t #8: The gymnast executes a swing backward to 40째 above horizontal with good form. This p art would be unrecognizable because it did not achieve at leas t 45째 (less than 50% of the skill). The deduction would be -1.0 (there is no additional added part or intermediate swing deduction).

6. Missing or unrecognized parts in compuls ories

Example 1, Class V floor exercise part # 6: The gymnast executes a forward stalder roll with good form to a hand-

Official update 1/ 13/96 per Dennis McIntyre/USAG. Approved Jon Cu lbertson/NGJA

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"Early in 1992, one of our outstanding gymnasts dislocated her elbow in a fall from the uneven bars during practice. We got the best doctors and rehabilitation possible and in 60 days she was fully recovered. Thanks to Markel again the bills were covered promptly and we were able to go on."

-steve Nunno

For over 15 years Markel has been protecting gymnastic clubs at stable prices. Join the club!

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(800) 830-7443 February 1997 TECHNIQUE

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Biomechanics

EQUILIBRIUM: BIOMECHANICAL d IMPLICATIONS

A18

William L. Cornelius, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Education University of North Texas, Denton, Texas

G

ymnastics skill combinations are predominately d ynamic motion and usually not performed in equilibrium. Hay and Reid (1982) suggest that equilibrium is often absent in movement experiences because forces such as aerodynamic drag, gravity, and other external forces act on the athlete and generally create either linear or angular acceleration. Positive and negative accelerations disassociate from equilibrium because changes in state of motion are quite normal during gymnastics performance. The performing gymnast is often out of equilibrium because of continuous changes in linear and angular velocities and directions. Although there is both static and d ynamic equilibrium in gymnastics routines, equilibrium most often exists when associated with static positions.

to discuss equilibrium as it relates to a combination of gymn astics movements and positions.

Analysis of Change and Control Initiating the cartwheel

The combin a tion shown in Figure 1 begins in frame A, illush'ating abduction and lateral rotation of the left leg at the hip joint to a position horizontal to the contact surface, w ith the arms raised in bilateral symmetry. This requires that the center of gravity (CG) be shifted slightly to the right in order for the CG to be over the base of support. Static equilibrium can be present if this position is maintained. Control is present because the line of gravity is directed vertically from the CG to a point within the base of support. Certainly control is dependent upon stable Frames Out of Equilibrium Dynamic Equilibrium Static Equilibrium ankle and subtalar joints in the support leg. Hay and Reid (1982) sugLOG within base A gest that equilibrium is evident when A-B Positive Acceleration both the sum of the external forces and the sum of moments are equal B-G When zero an accel When positive ang accel to zero. Static equilibrium is changed &/or LOG insi e base &/ or LOG outside base from frame A to B as the gymnast concentrically contracts the hip abLOG within base & H ductors of the right leg, resulting in zero ang & lin accel an internal action force that transH-l Positive ang accel lates to an external ground reaction force. Dynamic motion follows and â&#x20AC;˘ Line of gravity (LOG) is imbedded in a loss of equilibrium Center of gravity (CG) as the gymnast positively accelerBase of support (ba se) ates around the anteroposterior axis.

Angular acceleration (ang accel) Gravity now acts as an external Linear acceleration (lin accel) torque from frame A to B as the CG moves to the left and the line of H ay and Reid (1982) point out that d ynamic equilibrium is less gravity temporarily relocates at a distance from the base of support. common and is only present when the system is moving with constant linear and angular veloci ty . In gymnastics activities, for Altering the base of support The base of support changes from frame to frame throughout example, it is possible to see change in motion for both the individual human segment and the center of gravity. To suggest Figure 1. This is essential when the gymnast must create a change that dynamic motion is w ithout control would be misleading. in angular velocity. There is a concurrent translation of the body Kreighbaum and Barthels (1996) indicate movement of the body is segments about the axis of rotation at floor contact as the center of usually dependent upon some d egree of control or balance. Con- gravity translates linearly . Both linear and angular motion must go trol is often associated wi th maintenance of a series of skills through change from frame to frame as the base of support is moving in and out of equilibrium in conjunction with effective reestablished and the gymnast translates in and out of equilibskeleta l alignment or human segment positioning. This is particu- rium. For example, the gymnast moves out of static equilibrium larly true wi th gymnastics performance and can be observed in from frame A to B, continues changing in and out of dyn amiC Figure 1. Table 1 provides a summary of the frame by frame equilibrium during the frame B through G sequence, moves to variations in equilibrium. The purpose of this article, therefore, is static equilibrium in frame H, translates out of static equilibrium

TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF VARIATIONS IN EQUILIBRIUM

J

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

Biomechanics

w ith ch anges in dynamic equilibrium from frame H to I, and moves back to static equilibrium in frame ]. Consequently, there is gen eral m ainten an ce of control from frame B to G as the gymnast moves in and out of equilibrium w ith a changing base of support.

Figure 1. Cartwheel and side scale

i

{I

"

A

20

G

The system's velocity and it's line of gravity (LOG) are important considerations in d etermining the state of equilibrium. Static equilibrium exists w hen the line of gravity is w ithin the base of support and there is zero velocity. This indicates the system is at res t. Dynamic eq uili bri um is presen t w hen the sys tem is in motion, but there is no change in velocity or direction (Kreighbaum and Bar thels, 1996). Static equilibrium does not exist w hen the CG and its corresponding line of gravity are outside the base of support; however, this is not the case w ith dyn amic equilibrium. Dynamic equilibrium can exist as long as there is no fluctuation in the velocity of a moving body. Being out of equilibrium, however, is often necessary for the gymnast to effectively change a state of motion. Consequently, a gymnast often deals with the continuum existing in most skills and combinations between being in and out of equilibrium.

A ch an ging base of support is needed during most gymn astics performance. The base of support provides opportunity to produce an external torque for controlling an gular acceleration and an external force for controlling linear acceleration. For example, angular acceleration can be effectively increased as the left foot touches the surface between frames A and B. This certainly allows for greater control or stability within equilibrium and an ability to better manipulate direction and velocity. External torque must continue if the gymnas t is to positively accelerate or maintain zero acceleration when rotational inertia remains large aro und the

anteroposterior axis through the cartw h eel sequence (Frames B-F) .

Control is preserved as the maintenance of equilibrium continues with re-establishment of the base of support. This is best accomplished as the LOG is repeatedly moved away from and into the base of support.

Control and skeletal alignment a re dependent upon effective manipulation of human bod y segments around the CG in both static and d ynamic motion. For example, slight left knee aJ..l d hip fl ex ion in Frame B allows decreased rotational inertia and m aintenance of a straight line connecting the left arm and right leg. This assists in pro v iding improved aesthetic alignment of human segments and an ability to transla te the CG forward beyond the base of support.

The short term lowering of the CG, associated with hip and knee joint flexion, permits posiH tive angular acceleration of bod y segments around the CG. This p ermits the left hand and arm biomechanical unit to make earlier surface contact while the right leg maintains the required straight line from right leg through the trunk and left arm.

Early left h and contact permits re-establishment of the base of support and renewed angular impulse in Frame C. To further continue positive acceleration of the right leg from frame B to C, the left knee is forcefully extended as the left h ip joint continues into fle xion. Left ankle plantar fle xion fosters additional positive acceleration around the CG in the counterclockw ise direction.

Angular acceleration continues in to Frame D. Dynamic equilibrium can be reached by frame D and continued through E w hen a desirable velocity is attained. Consequently, zero acceleration and resulting dynamic equilibrium allows the gymnast to effectively prep are for or anticipate change in the rate of motion in the subsequ ent sequence connecting the side scale.

Transition to the scale Moving beyond the cartw heel w ith d yn amiCmotion, into a side scale that establishes static equilibrium, requires the gymnas t to begin negative angular and linear acceleration well before Frame H. This lead s to mo ving out of dynamic equilibrium in the later stages of Frame E by maintaining a large rotational inertia, relative to the axis of ro tation at the right foot. Further reduction in an gular velocity w ill be possible in Frame F as the left foot establishes a wide base of support and applies a resistive torque to curtail the

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

1

Biomechanics

counterclockwise movement. A large rotational inertia and a resistive torque both provide needed resistance required to continue moving the body out of equilibrium from Frame F to G. Angular velocity should be significantly lowered prior to Frame H. The net torque established around the CG and the net linear force applied through the CG must reach zero if the gymnast is to establish static equilibrium at frame H . A progressive reduction in an gular velocity during this stage, therefore, is necessary if the side scale is to be successfully reached with control. A side scale can be successfully performed when the system is negatively accelerated over time to the point w here static equilibrium results.

The narrow base of support in frame H is best augmented with plantar flexion at the ankle joint and flexion of the toes at the phalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints (left segment). This increased joint stabilization further influences the mechanism by which control can be established .

Summary Gymnastics skills and combinations are identified with both static and dynamic motion and can be performed in equilibrium as well as out of equilibrium. Typically, gymnastics skills affiliate with change in linear and angular velocity and/ or change in direction, rather than always being in equilibrium. This characterizes an important association that is inherent with gymnastics skills and combinations and suggests that because they are out of equilibrium much of the time, repeated re-establishment of equilibrium is needed in maintaining control.

References Arnheim, D.D., and Prentice, W.E. (1993). Principles of Athletic Trainin g (8th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Year Book.

Hay, J.G. and Reid, J.G. (1982). The Anatomical and Mechanical Bases of Human Motion. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Effective use of flexibility It is imperative to possess high levels of joint range of motion (ROM) or flexibility in the performance of many gymnastics skills; this is particularly true with the combination in Figure 1. ROM allows the gymnast to secure required symmetry between human body segments in gymnastics combinations and controlled positions. Frames C through E are exemplary of the important relationship existing between flexibility and artistic motion. Particular focus on hip flexibility during the cartwheel is shown in frame D with the side splits position. This position of hip joint abduction requires high levels of extensibility in the medial soft tissues of the hip joint. Frame H further demonstrates the crucial contribution made by ROM in performing gymnastics skills.

Multiple axes and change in equilibrium The human system is capable of moving around multiple axes Simultaneously. Figure 1 provides an example of multiple axes rotation, w hile in support, as the gymnast mo ves out of equilibrium in leaving the side scale position. Rotation and angular momentum are initiated around the anteroposterior axis as the right leg drops or adducts at the hip joint in Frame H, transfers to both the mediolateral and longitudinal axes toward Frame 1, and continues rotation with flexion at the right hip joint as the gymnast moves to a position of static equilibrium in frame J. Rotational inertia changes relative to the three axes. Rotational inertia increases around the anteroposterior and mediolateral axes as the distribution of the gynmast' s mass moves further away from these axes. There is a decrease in rotational inertia as both arms and the right leg move closer to the longitudinal axis. These segmental adjustments reduce resistance to rotating abou t the longitudinal axis and increase resistance about the anteroposterior and mediolateral axes. Consequently, the gymn ast is able to remain under control to the standing position in frame J, w hile turning 90 degrees around each of the three axes. A controlled tempo is more likely about the anteroposterior and mediolateral axes when the arms and the right leg remain extended. This creates a large rotational inertia relative to the anteroposterio r and mediolateral axes and promotes transfer of angular momentum around the longitudinal axis as conservation of angular momentum is established. Consequently, the system temporarily moves out of equilibrium in the initial dynamic motion in leaving the scale, but quickly reestablishes dynamic equilibrium in mo ving to frame 1.

Technical execution of frame I requires that the right leg move at a constant velocity w ith the line of gravity intersecting the left leg base of support. The final state of motion is static equilibrium in frame J.

Kreighbaum, E., & Barthels, K.M. (1996). Biomechanics: A Qualitative Approach for Studying Human Mo vement (4th ed.).

Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT USA Gymnastics Seeks Public Relations Director USA Gymnastics, the National Governing Body, for the sport of gymnastics in the United States, is seeking a PUBLIC RELATIONS DIRECTOR. The position is responsible for development and execution of USA Gymnastics public relations and for general promotion of the sport, organization, athletes, coaches and events. Duties will include: developing a publiC relations strategy for USA GYl1mastics; acting as USA Gymnastics spokesperson as appropriate; assuming responsibility for press operations at USA Gymnastics televised events; and serving as media services liaison with the United States Olympic Committee.

An undergraduate degree and related public relations experience are required. Knowledge of gymnastics is desired .

For more information, please request a position specification from:

Kathy Scanlan, President USA Gymnastics Pan American Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225 317-237-5050 phone 317-237-5069 fax Deadline Date: March 14, 1997 for receipt of applications.

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

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News from the FIG

FIG FLASH, No. 13

system req uires addi tional work.

FIG Developmental and Age-Group Program

October, 1996

Following are excerpts from the FIG Flash, No . 13, a publication of the Federation Internationale de Gymnas tique (FIG):

Official News

The EC approved work on the first phase of the FIG Developm ental and Age-Gro up Program. This effort is being coordina ted

by Slava Corn (CAN). The purpose of this program is to provide a systematic approach to developing competitive gymnastics fro m entry level to interna tional medalist. This program w ill serve as a guideline for m ember federations all over the world . The first phase is to identify the scientific base of the program and establish the grow th and m a turation principles for the sport at all age groups. This foundation w ill be the topic of review by world-wide experts and presented a t the Scientific Con gress in Berlin in October 1997.

Honorary diploma for judges

In mid-November, the FIG Executive Committee convened in Lausanne, Switzerland to app rove important decisions as well as to officially recognize those members w h o h ave completed their terms w ith the FIG. The m eeting witnessed the succession of Yuri Titov (RUS), President since 1976, by Bruno Grandi (IT A), w ho was electe d at the A tlanta Con gress in July, 1996 .

The FIG accepted the introduction of an honorary diploma for judges. This dis tinction will be awarded to judges in all disciplines, particularly to those w ho h ave distinguished themselves by exemplary work quality in the course of their long-term collaboration.

New provisional member federation Th e Federation of Nigeria (NGR) is re-admitted und er provisional title.

Primary decisions taken: RSG World Championships

Atlanta Olympic Games reports

Th e 22 nd RSG World Ch ampionships 1998 has been d eSignated to the Federation of Spain.

The A tlan ta Olympic Gam es reports, drawn up by the Teclmical Committee (TC) Presidents, will a ppear in the u pcoming FIG Bulletin No . 168.

The proposed d ates of the 23,d RSG World Championships in Osaka (JPN), Sept. 28 throu gh Oct. 3, 1999, m ust still be confirmed .

Atlanta doping controls All doping controls conducted in A tlanta for gymnastics were negative.

1999 Artistic World Championships

Olympic technical consultants

The dates of the 34'h Artistic World Championships in Tianjin (CHN) h ave been confirmed as Oct. 8-16, 1999.

FIG Code of Discipline In implementing the Code of Discipline (Code of Ethics) approved a t the Atlanta Con gress, the Executive Committee (EC) will appoint an Arbitration Commission each time an internal dispute occurs that would, following an appeal, call for a decision.

Proposed 1997 FIG Symposium The EC also supports the organization of a Symposium in 1997 - the location and date are yet to be determined. The objectives of the Symposium a re to:

The Longines Watch Company, Swiss Timing, and the FIG h ave renewed their technical collaboration contrac t for the nex t Olympiad. According to the terms of agreement, the Swiss watchmakers w ill expand their services to include sports aerobics, the newest discipline of the FIG. Presidents' Walter von Kaenel (Longines), Manfred Hlauman (Swiss Timing), and Yuri Titov (FIG) officially signed the new document at a sm all ceremony organized at Federation headquarters in Moutier.

Other News Congratulations to Norbert Bueche

adapt the structures of the FIG to the evolution of the sport, electronic m edia, and public taste,

The FIG Secretary General Norbe rt Bueche recently received the Russian Medal of Sports Merit by the Minister of Spor ts.

fur ther the un derstanding of the rules of the sport of gymn as tics,

France Telecom supports FFG

increase the popularity of the sport of gymn astics, and to spread the universal virtues of gymnastics as a master sport.

Judging Objectivity Evaluation The FIG introduced a computer system, "JOE" (Judging Objectiv ity Evaluation), for the evaluation of the judges' work in ar tistic gymnastics. Further integration of this evalu ation w ith the Longines February 1997

France Telecom and the FFG (the French Gymnastics Federation) w ill continue their collaboration. The two partners signed a new agreement supporting the preparation of the French teams for the OlympiC Games in Sydney, 2000.

Good-bye Larissa!

The Bielorussian rh ythmic gymnast Larissa Lukyanenko has retired from competition. A t the awardin g of th e Epson Cup TECHNIQUE

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a n 1\ \ C"

COACHING lOlAY IN TlH[1E GYM[ Video Series Sarles DescriptiDn:

The Day In The Gym series features training footage from dubs across the notion. Each video focuses on a level of training at a gymnastics club in the United States. This series shows candid, unrehearsed views of typical workouts.

The purpose of this series is to serve as a tool for gymnastics professionals to shore training wisdom. The United Stotes is home to vast resources of knowledge in the field of coaching gymnastics. In an effort to share that intelli· gence and disseminate information within the coaching community, the Day In The Gym video series operates under the philosophy-"Something can be learned from everyone." Each video presents the expertise of leading professionals to activate that philosophy.

Elite LeTel - Cinc:innali GyIDDaslic:s A.c:adeIDY Featuring on Elite level workout from Cincinnati Gymnastics Academy with Olympic coach, Mary lee Tracy and Olympic Gold Medalists, Amanda Borden and Jaycie Phelps.

2 tape set #2705 . ... $29.95 Le .... el 8 - Cincinnati Gy.unaslic:s A.cadeIDY Featuring a level 8 workout from Cincinnati Gymnastics Academy.

2 tape set #2473 .. . .$24.95 Le.... el 6 - A.rizona Sunrays Gy .....astic:s Featuring a level 6 Workout from Arizona Sunrays Gymnastics. #2456 .... $16.95

GENERAL GYMNASTICS 1996 U.S. National

GyIDFesi Anaheim, CA. Gymnastics really is for everyone at Gym Fest! These topes include every perfor· mance from Gym Fest plus the Opening Ceremonies and the Gala Showcase. USA partic· ipants of Gym Fest were joined by the fantastic

9

and creative, FLIP Acrobatic Club from the country of Siovinia. The USA National Group Routine that will be used at Gymnaestrada in 1999 is a high9 light of the Gala Showcase, performed here for the very first time.

3 tape set #2703 . ... $26.95

Magic Music: Days Disneyland. All performances are included.

2 tape set #2704.... $19.95

.A

WOMEN'S

~anta 1996 T e«:l.ni«:al Video-WOOlen's Team Optionals Features all teams from Atlanta as well as individual athletes competing for other countries.

Including the gold medal winning USA, RUS, ROM, CHN, BlR, UKR, FRA, GRE, AUS, HUN, JPN, ESP. 6 tape set: all events #2950 . ..... $49.95

Atlanta 1996 T e«:IIDi«:aI Video-WoOlen's AII-

i\round Features all competing athletes. Including the gold medal winning Lilia Podkopayeva (UKR), S. Miller, D. Dawes and D. Moceanu (USA), G. Gogen, L Milosovici and S. Amanar (ROM), D. Kochetkova, S. Chorkina and R. Galiyeva (RUS), Mo Huilan (CHN), S. Boguinskaia and Y. Piskun (BLR) and athletes competing from other countries. This video available to USA Gymnastics members only.

4 tape set: all events #2951. . . . . . $29.95

Atlanta 1996 T e«:IIDi«:al Video-WOOlen's E"ent Finals Features all competitors, including: Lilia Podkopayeva (UKR), S. Miller, A. Chow, D. Dawes and D.Moceanu (USA), G. Gogen, L Milasovici, A. Marinescu and S. Amanar (ROM), D. Kochetkova, S. Chorkina and R. Galiyeva (RUS), Mo Huilan (CHN), S. Boguinskoia and other athletes. This video available to USA Gymnastics members only.

1 tape: all events #2952 . ..... $19.95

(UlB), Sang lan (CHN), Svetlana lelepukina (UKR), Yvonne Tousek (CAN), Alexandra Dobrescu (ROM), Joonna Juarez (ESP), Julia Korostilova (RUS).

2 Tope set (2:40) #2471. .. ... $24.95

1996 RLytLmi«: CLalienge

Senior CompetitiDn Downers Grove, Il. Day one and day two com· petitions. Features all competitors: Jessica Davis, lauri Illy, Natalie lacuesta, liriel Higa, TIna Tharp, Kristin lee, Kelsi Kemper, Melissa McElroy & Alicia Albe.

2 topes (2:40) #2375 . . ... . $24.95

o

RHYTHMIC Atlanta 1996 T e«:l.ni«:al Video-RLytLmi«: Group Preliminaries Feotures all teams from Atlanta. Including: USA, ESp, BU~ BLR, FRA, CHN, RUS, GER and ITA. This video available to USA Gymnastics members only.

1Tape: all events #2953 .. .... $19.95 Atlanta 1996 T e«:l.ni«:al Video-RLytLmi«: Indi"idual Preliminaries Features all competing athletes. Including: Jessica Davis (USA), E.Serebryanskaya, E. VItrichenka (UKR), I. Batyrchina and A. laripova (RUS), D. Popova and M. Petrova (BUl), L loukanenko and T. Ogryzko (BlR), as well as athletes from ESp, FRA, CAN, GRE, ROM, GER, ITA, CHN, JPN, POL, aE, HUN, AUT, GEO, BEl, FIN and LTU. This video available to USA Gymnastics members only.

4 tape set: all events #2954 .. . . .. $29.95

MEN'S 1995 Anweri«:an Cup

Seattle, Wash. Prelims & Finals. #2246 . . . . . $19.95 1995 Winter Cup CLalienge Three SLP format topes featuring EVERY routine, compuisories and optionals, all divisions! Features all competitors including: John Roethlisberger, Chainey Umphrey, Chris Waller, Jair lynch, Trent Dimas, Jash Stein, Brian Yee and many more!

Camcorder footage taken from the stands. # 2245 ... . . $19.95 1~ Pan Arneri«:an GaJDe§ Straight from Mar Del Plata, Argentina: Men's Preliminaries and finals. See the u.s. men's team triumph! Camcorder footage taken from the stands. #2247 . ..... $19.95

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Cup Women's Competition Fort Worth, TX. Preliminary and Finals competitions. Features all competitors. Including: Kerri Strug, Kristy Powell & Andree Pickens (USA), Svetlana Boginskaia (BlR), Oksana Chusovitinia 1197

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DOMESTIC SHIPPING & HANDLING: ft1ISSIlIll X1l))S). lllJl·W1:,."S6.~I·I6Jl,)l51.

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TOTAL AMOUNT PAYABL, MEMBERSHIP '

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~-------------------------------------------------

News from the FIG

closely fought in Tokyo (JPN) - Lukyanenko declared her decision to exit the front stage of internation al RSG competition. She will be remembered as a cheerful gymn as t, gifted in ability w ho displayed a high level of choreographic sen sitivity. Her forem ost resul ts inclu de: World Champion in 1992 (rope and hoop), 1994 (hoop); 1995 (rope), and in 1996 (rope). Lukyanenko was 7th at the Olympic Games in Atlanta.

World Championship equipment suppliers The apparatus suppliers for the Wo rld Championships in Lausanne include the following manufacturers: Spieth, Janssen and Fritsen, and Alder and Eisenhut. Th ese companies will supply the seven sets of a pparatus required for this event.

Olympic television ratings The newspaper Equipe reported that 19-20 billion television viewers followed the 1996 Olympic Games - 20% more than in Barcelona. Athletics headed the list, followed by Gymn as tics, w hich is making a grand success of itself in many countries of the

wo rld . At peak viewing times in France, Gymnastics took the lead in ratings over Cycling and Athletics.

FIG Scientific Symposium, Berlin The FIG will conduct a Scientific Symposium in Berlin (Oct. 2122,1997) in conjunc tion with the RSG World Ch ampionships. The Symposium w ill be managed by the FIG with the European Gymn as tics Union (UEG) and the German Gymnastics Federation (DTB). The Symposium will focus on three themes: 1. The medical, biom echanical, pedagogical, and social aspects of gymnastics - Coordinated by Dr. Michel Leglise (FRA) 2. The development of competition, evaluation, and training programs in gymnastics - Coordinated by Ms. Slava Corn (CAN) 3. The development of educational apparatus, security (safety) equipment, and training of junior gymnas ts - Coordinated

by Siegfried Fisch er (BRA).

Interested p ar ties may obtain m ore precise d etails from the FIG Secretariat.

Beginning any project is half the battle. You can conquer your projects by preparing yourself with the books and reports from Richardson Publishing. Each publication contains valuable information that will save you time and money. It is much easier to develop your own programs when you have current research and ideas on the topic.

Give yourself time to sit back and relax for a change! Order now!

To order: Photocopy the order form, make your selections, then send your check or money order to: Richardson Publishing 741 Post Lake Place, Suite 109 Apopka, FL 32703 Include your name, address, and phone number.

P.S. Order 2 items and get free shipping & handling.

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

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Women's J.O. National Workshops OFFICE USE ONLY Date Rcvd. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Amt. pd. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Check # _ _ _ _ _ _ __

GYMNASTICS I

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Postmark

USA GYMNASTICS 1997 WOMEN'S JR. OLYMPIC COMPULSORY WORKSHOPS AND WTC NEW CODE SYMPOSIUMS Sites:

26

# 1 University of Nevada Reno, NV

#2 Rhode Island College Providence, RI

o

o

May 28 - June 2, 1997

June 4 -9, 1997

Please check one: Dates:

If preferred site is NOT available, please (check one) :

0

register me for the other site

0

send me a refund

Participant Information: First Name _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ USAG Pro/Instructor #_ _ _ __ __ _

Last Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Exp. Date _ _ _ _ _ _ Daytime phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _---'-_ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ City/State/Zip_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _

Please register me for:

0 0 0

Compulsory Workshop ONLY (Th-Fri-Sa) WTC New Code Symposium ONLY (Su-Mo) Compulsory Workshop & WTC Symposium

For the WTC Symposium, please indicate your major interest:

10 Elite or 0

II 0

Jr. Olympic

0

Coach or

Judge

I

SS# _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Compulsory music - available at workshops on

0

CD ($10*) or

0

Cassette ($5*) or

0

Both

(Preference Reference only - DO NO SEND $) Compulsory Workshop

WTC Symposium

Both

$275

$175

$325

USAG Instructor/Professional Member Discount

<$50>

<$50>

<$50>

Early Registration Discount (postmarked by February 28,1997)

<$25>

<$25>

<$25>

Registration Fee (Includes compulsory manual)

Total Amount Remitted

Make checks payable to: USA GYMNASTICS

If paying by credit card :

0

VISA

~

0

PREFERS

Other Card

VISA"

Card #: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Exp. Date :_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Signature: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Mail Registration Form to: USA Gymnastics JO Workshops 201 S. Capitol Ave ., Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225

NOTES: 1. $50 Cancellation Fee up until May 1, 1997 2. NO REFUNDS after May 1, 1997 (Substitution of participants is allowed) 3. NSF check charge of $20 4 . Direct any questions to USA Gymnastics office (317- 237-5050)

REGISTRATION PER SITE IS LIMITED - FIRST COME, FIRST SERVED BASIS * Workshop Attendee Rate only February 1997 TECHNIQUE

Women's J.D. National Workshops

1997 NATIONAL JR. OLYMPIC COMPULSORY MASTER WORKSHOP AND WOMEN'S TECHNICAL COMMITTEE NEW CODE SYMPOSIUM Schedule Workshop #1

May 28-June 2, 1997 Univ. of Nevada, Reno

Workshop # 2

June 4-9, 1997 Rhode Island College, Providence

Compulsory Workshop Schedule

WTC New Code Clinic Schedule

Day One: VVednesday

Day Four: Saturday

12:00- 9:00 PM 6:00 - 10:00 PM

(Rules for Optional Exercises)

Registration/Check-in Add-on Courses: 1st Safety Course

4:00 - 9:00 PM 6:00 - 10:00 PM

Day Two: Thursday 7:30 8:30 9:00 12:00 1:30 2:30 5:00 6:00 8:00

-

9:00 9:00 12:00 1:30 2:30 5:00 6:00 8:00 10:00

Day Five: Sunday

Late Registration Official Opening Level 6 FX Lunch Break Levels 1-2 FX Levels 3-4 FX Levels PI-4 Flexibility Dinner Break Practice

7:30 - 8:30 8:30 - 10:30 10:45 - 12:45 1:45 2:30 5:30 7:30

-

2:30 5:30 7:30 9:00

Day Three: Friday 8:30 9:00 12:00 1:00 2:30 4:30 6:00 8:00 8:30

-

9:00 12:00 1:00 2:30 4:30 6:00 8:00 8:30 10:00

Q& Afrom Day One Level 5 FX Levels 1-2 Beam Lunch Break Level 6 Beam Levels 1-6 Vault Dinner Break Q& Afrom Day Two Practice

-

10:30 11 :30 1:00 3:15 5:15 6:00 8:00 8:30 9:45 10:00

Late Registration General Information (Elite) Vault (Jr. Olympic) General Information (J.O.) Vault (Elite) Lunch Break Bars (Elite) & Floor (JO) Dinner Break Question & Answer Session Lev. 10 Recertification (self-exam for eligible judges - Port 1)

Day Six: Monday 9:00 12:00 2:00 5:00 7:00

-

12:00 2:00 5:00 7:00 8:30

Day Four: Saturday 8:30 10:30 11 :30 1:00 3:15 5:15 6:00 8:00 8:30 8:30

Registration/Check-in Add-on Courses: 2nd Safety Course and Athlete Wellness Course

Level 5 Beam Levels PI-4 Conditioning Lunch Break Levels 3-4 Beam Levels 1-6 Bars Level 7 -All events Dinner Break Questions &Answers Skill Evaluator Examination Practice February 1997

TECHNI QUE

Floor (Elite) & Beam (JO) Lunch Break Beam (Elite) & Bars (JO) Dinner Break Q& ASession Level 10 Recertification (self-exam for eligible judges - Part 2)

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FIG Code of Points

FIG CODE OF POINTS AND USA GYMNASTICS J.O. COMPULSORY MATERIALS I

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Now that Atlanta is behind us and Sydney is on the horizon, it is time to roll out new compulsory exercises and Codes of Points. Below is information related to M/W/R Codes and Women's Compulsories. Note that the Men' s JO. Materials are currently available and RSG JO. materials will be used in the upcoming quadrennium with only minor changes .

ITEMS:

28

Women 's FIG Code of Points Men 's FIG Code of Points RSG FIG Code of Points

WHAT ARE THEY? These are the official international competitive rule books. They include the values of all elements with illustrations, bonus Foints, special requirements, combinations, and penalties. In addition, they provide the foundation on which JO. optiona routines for the 97-98 through 2000-2001 seasons will be based.

WHEN ARE THEY EFFECTIVE? January 1997 through December 2000 WHO SHOULD HAVE ONE? Anyone who is coaching or judging optional routines should have a copy of this definitive rule book for their particular discipline.

WHEN WILL THEY BE AVAILABLE? We anticipate the new Codes will be available for shipping in February 1997.

HOW DO I ORDER ONE? See order form on page 33 or call USA Gymnastics Merchandise (after February 1, 1997).

ITEMS:

Women's J.O. Compulsory and related materials

WHAT ARE THEY? J.o.

J. 0.

J.o.

J.o.

Compulsory Manual Compulsory Video Compulsory Music (Cassette or CD) Technical Handbook

The JO. compulsory materials define and illustrate the routines used in USA Gymnastics' JO. competitive program and provides the basis for the sound development of young athletes from entry level to the advanced competitive levels . The J. 0.

Technical Handbook is based on the FIG Code of Points and provides the guidelines for optional competition in the JO. program as well as general information about judging .

WHEN ARE THEY EFFECTIVE? For the 1997-1998 through the 2000-2001 (competitive season).

WHO SHOULD HAVE ONE? If you are coaching or judging in women's gymnastics in the U. S., you should have these definitive materials.

WHEN WILL THEY BE AVAILABLE? Attendees of the JO. Compulsory Workshops will be able to purchase materials (limited quantities) at the workshops at discounted rates. Materials ordered by those NOT attending the workshops will be mailed approximately two weeks after the workshops (mid-June) .

HOW DO I ORDER? Look for order forms and instructions in future issues of Technique magazine and USA Gymnastics Online *to reserve your copies of the basic "tools of our trade." * http : // www . usa-gymnastics . org February 1997 TECHNIQUE

FIG Code of Points

IMPORTANT!

FIG CODE OF POINTS 1997-2000

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,

CURRENT ANTICIPATED SHIPPING DATE! MID FEBRUARY 1997

ORDER FORM CUSTOMER INFORMATION

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(Please Type or Print)

29

First Name

Last Name

Business Name Shipping Address

I

City

State

Day phone (

Zip

Evening phone (

Professional or Instructor Number Exp. Date

ORDER INFORMATION Item #

Quantity

Price

Men' s Code of Points

1201

$44.95

Women's Code of Points

1101

$44 .95

Extension

Subtotal Shipping

-,

(S & H)

Orders - $50, add $7 Orders $51 - $100, add $9 Orders Over 100, add $1 2

Total Amount Due

PAYMENT INFORMATION Charge

0

Visa

0

Other Card

Exp Date

_---L.I_ _

~ PREFERS VISA' Card#___________________________________________________________________ Signature

of Card Holder_______________________________________________________

Printed Name of Card Holder _______________________ Check #_ _ _ _ _ _ Amount _ _______ Send Orders and Make Checks Payable to USA Gymnastics P.O. Box 5562 Indianapolis, Indiana 46225-5562 or Call 1-800-4-USAGYM February 1997 TECHNI Q UE

.A..T.AJ AMERICAN® Offering a Complete Line of F.l. G. Approved Gymnastic Equipment and Mats.

GYMNASTIC SUPPLIER TO:

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1996 Olympic Games 1996 World Championships 1994-96 USA Gymnastics 1991 World Championships 1987 Pan American Games 1984 Olympic Games For information contact:

An American Sports Products Group Inc. Company

200 American Avenue • Jefferson, Iowa 50129 Phone : 515-386-3125· Fax: 515-386-4566

Preschool

LEVELl KAT: 1996 YEAR IN REVIEW tt

Jennifer Gallahue Lee, Coaching Education Manager

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early 400 preschool gynmastics teachers have participated in the Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) program. We are looking forward to another successful year where we can improve and expand upon our program. Changes will be m ade based on feedback provided from the evaluation forms given at the conclusion of each KAT Workshop.

Q

My gym is interested in hosting a KAT Workshop, how do 1 go about setting it up?

A

Please contact Jennifer Gallahue Lee at USA Gymnastics (317-237-5050).

Q

When do 1 officially become Level 1 KAT?

A

When you have completed all of the requirements for accreditation: Rookie Coaches Guide test, eight class observations, CPR (infant/ child), Basic First Aid, and pass KAT Workshop test. Once all the requirements are met, you will receive a KAT card and certificate and an official USA Gymnastics press release w ill be sent to your local newspaper.

Q

I'm having trouble completing all my class observations. What are the guidelines?

A

The "COmplete results of the evaluation have been carefully reviewed. All comments and suggestions will be taken into consideration. If you would like more information on Level I KAT, please contact me at 317-237-5050.

You are allowed to observe up to four classes at your gym (two prior and two after attending the KAT Workshop) and the remaining four can be completed at the following: Daycare Facility Kindergarten Preschool Workshop/Seminar (a summary paragraph must be w ritten on back of observation form) Gymnastics franchise businesses (Gymboree, The Little Gym, etc.)

Other alternatives are available, please contact Jennifer Gallahue Lee at 317-237-5050.

Q

When do 1 begin receiving my subscription to Kinder Connection?

Commonly asked Questions

A

Your subscription begins immediately after yo u attend a KAT Workshop. The Kinder Connection is a quarterly publication, therefore, yo u w ill receive yo ur first issue within the quartet.

Q

1have some great preschool ideas, how can 1get them published?

A

Please submit yo ur articles, teaching tips, and activity ideas to USA Gymnastics, Kinder Connection, 201 South Capitol Ave. Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225. Your submission will be considered for publication in Kinder Connection . It also may be considered for publication in USA Gymnastics or Technique magazine.

In 1996,19 workshops were conducted and the overall evaluation was extremely positive. An overwhelming 100 percent of the responses felt that the KAT Workshop was relevant to their teaching. Many responded that the material presented gave them new ideas and affirmed their current teaching methods. Also, 100 percent found that the KAT Clinician presented the information in a clear and understandable maimer.

Regarding the wor kshop format, almost everyone felt the group activities and networking with other teachers were most enjoyable parts of the workshop. They also found that the critiquing the companion videotape during the workshop very educational.

Overall, the participants felt it was" excellent," "highly informative," "worthwhile," "motivating," "best class ever taken," "a necessity for developing standards for preschool teachers."

Many noted that nothing should be changed to improve the KAT Workshop, but others suggested that there needs to be more discussion and hands-on interaction. Finally, several general comments were made recommending all coaches and teachers get involved with the program because attending the workshop is a great educational program.

Q

Can 1 register for aKA T Workshop on-site?

A

No. We do not take registrations on-site. Everyone is required to register at least two weeks prior to the scheduled course. Registration forms are found in Technique and can be requested by calling 317-237-5050 ext. 237.

Q

1f1'm a USA Gymnastics General member, do 1 get a discount?

A

No. Only Professional and Instructor members receive a $20 discount on KAT Workshops.

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

Kinder Accreditation for Teachers

LEVEL I KAT WORKSHOP REGISTRATION

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April 5-6

Mt. Laurel, NJ

Will Moor School of Gym

May

3-4

Temecola, Calif.

SCEGA

June

20 &22

Houston, Texas

Region 3 Congress

, Workbook is sent prior to workshop.

Grandparenting 4 class observations is available. Must have at least 5 years preschool gymnastics teaching experience- send resume with registration.

For more information, contact Jennifer Gallahue Lee at 317-2375050, ex tension 237.

, Accreditation is valid for three years.

....

KAT REGISTRATION FORM Minimum age for KAT is 16 years Nalne _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Social Security

#_________________________________________________________

Birthdate ___________________________

Address ______________________________________________________________________________________________ City _____________________________________________ Sta te _________________________ Zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Telephone (Day) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Night) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Course Location _________________________________________________________________ Date _______________________ Organization Represented ___________________________________ Job Title _______________________________________ LocaINewspaper ____________________________________________ Fax ___________________________________________ Current USA Gymnastics Member #____________________ (required for discount) *USA Gymnastics individual membership: Instructor or Professional only Prereq uisi tes : ____ Rookie Coaches Guide Test/ or PDP Level I ____ Four hours observation/ or Grandparent (via resume) Registration:

___ $140 member (Instructor or Professional) ---- $160 non-member

Form of Payment:

Check

Other Card

Visa

~

PREFERS

VISA'

Name on Card ______________________________________________ Number _______________________________________ Expiration Date ___________________ Signature of Card Holder ___________________________________________________ Printed Name of Card Holder _________________________________________________________________________________ Please make checks payable to USA Gymnastics KAT Workshop.

Mail registration form and payment to :

USA Gymnastics KAT Pan American Plaza 201 South Capitol Ave. Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225 February 1997 TECHNIQUE

Coaches Education

LEVEL

II EXPERIENCE VERIFICATION

Name

References

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(olher Ihon your currenl employer)

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Birthdate

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Address

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Collegiate News

NCAA COLLEGIATE MODIFICATIONS -1996-1997 tt

Kathy Feldmann and Sandy Thielz August 1996

"

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1. •

3S

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he National Collegiate Women's Championships and all meets used to qualify will be conducted according to the International Gymnastics Federation Women's Code of Points (I-B rules), w ith the Junior Olympic (Level 10) modifications as of November 1, 1996.

NOTE: If the value of a skill is raised after November 1, it will be effective immediately.

In addition, collegiate modifications / clarifications are:

Rules 1. Retain the vault values used atthe 1996 championships (J.O .

- revised 1/04/93) with one exception: Vault #3.60 Tsukahara - stretched will be valued at 9.8.

2. Continue the ban on the round-off entry va ult.

3. On a one year trial basis, the fall time on balance beam w ill be 30 seconds.

4. All layout saltos backward on balance beam will be valued at a "D. " 5. The value of the 1 1/ < saito (prone landing) on floor exercise will be one value higher than landing on the feet.

6. A layout salto forward with 1 1/ 2twist (540°) - Rudy (FX)will be valued at an "E."

7. A straddle pike jump or side split jump (180°) with 1/1 turn (360°) - Popa (FX) - will be valued at a "D." 8. All variations of a Popa (FX) landing in a prone position will be valued at a " D" provided that the turn, body and leg position requirements are met.

9. Retain the 0.30 deduction for competing out of order.

Uniforms 1. There will be no deduction for a matching sports bra that is exposed.

2. Backless leotards are permissible.

Equipment 1. 1/2" plywood may be used under the springboard for mounting bars and beam.

2. If a gymnast has a broken/torn grip, she will repeat her routine as the last team competitor or after the all-around competitor (specialist). If this does not allow for a sufficient amount of time to change grips or enough time to prepare, the gymnast will repeat the routine as soon as safely possible, but the time should not exceed fi ve minutes (common sense and safety must prevail).

REPLACE YOUR CARPET OR MATS AT 0% FINANCING* Start your season with carpet from Tiffin! *for 6 months

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

Email: tiffin@tiffinmats.com http://www.tiffinmats.com

PDP II

ACTIVE ASEPjNFICEP COACHING PRINCIPLES COURSE INSTRUCTOR LIST I

"

Instructor Name\Address\Phone Beck, Nelena PO Box 1891 Chiefland, Fl32626 (904) 378-8711 Bendixen, Norbert The Gymnastics Spot 200 South Shaddle Mundelein, Il60060 (847) 949-8743; Fax: (847) 566-4411 Biron, Beau 12526 Carriage Hill Houston, TX 77077 (713) 497-6666; Fax: (713) 497-5029 Busse, Mark 9114 Centerway Road Gaithersburg, MD 20879 (301) 468-9181 Chambers, Kathy Jumpin' for Joy Gymnastics, Inc. 3424 loch Ridge Drive Birmingham, Al35216 (205) 979-7969 Clifford, Sarah Jane 277 Ridgeview Drive East Rochester, NY 14445 (716) 388-8686; Fax: (716) 388·0018 Domagalski, Kimberly P.O. Box 41 Manning, SC 29102 (803) 773-1404 Faber Hickie, Kate 2188 Sochs Avenue Toms River, NJ 087S5 (908) 920-2400 Fitzjarrell, Doug High Tumblers Gymnastics P.O. Box 8893 Waco, TX 76714-8893 (817) 776·2150 Gallahue Lee, Jennifer USA Gymnastics Pan American Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225 (317) 237·5050; Fax: (317) 237-5069 Gibson, Ed 6862 Van Btiren Merrillville, IN 46410 (219) 736·5600; Fax: (219) 736·0667

Nelson, Jerry Nelson's Gymnastic Centers, Inc. 105 Research Drive Milford, a 06460 (203) 281 -1826; Fax: (203) 281-1826 Peterson, David 63 South Morrison Avenue San Jose, CA 95126 (408) 246-7795; Fax: (408) 246-7797

07JAN97

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36

Moskovitz, David P.O. Box 1B1 Fairfax, CA 94978 (415) 453-5411 ; Fax: (415) 453-1101

Hacker, Pally South Dakota State University P.O. Box 2820 Brookings, SD 57007 (605) 688-5218; Fax: (605) 688·5999 Hausladen, Paul Twisters 2639-A Terminal Boulevard Mountain View, CA 94043 (415) 964-2257; Fax: (415) 967·7149 Jonuska, Douglas CSA Gymnastics 1506 Plainfield Avenue Janesville, WI 53545 (608) 756-0444; Fax: (608) 756-5474 Kinne, Heather University WIEC/Club lCGA P.O. Box 166 Nashota, WI 53058 (414) 646-8492 Klein, David Metro Gymnastics Center 18084 SW lower Boones Ferry Rd. Tigard, OR 97227 (503) 620·8939; Fax: (503) 968-9285

Pulido, Edgar Premier Gymnastics 2435 Curtis Downers Grove, 60515 (630) 969-0900

Rybacki, Stephen Charter Oak Gymnastics 841 North Dodsworth Covina, CA 91724 (818) 966·8775; Fax: (818) 915·8928 Schoenbaechler, Steve 3001 Whiteway Avenue louisville, KY 40205 Scoll, Steven 1600 E. 3rd Ave. #3205 San Mateo, CA 94401·2158 (415) 591 -8734

laFleur, Jeff 15810 Sea Oats PI. Tampa, Fl33624 (813) 968-1721 ; Fax: (813) 968·8152

Taylor, Michael 2171 Manzanita Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025 (415) 858-3480; Fax: (415) 328-7935

Levine, Marti 9291 E. Bay Harbor Dr., ApI. 20 Bay Harbor, Fl331 54·2765 (305) 238·2237

Thomas, Jack 4302 Gunn Highway, #706 Tampa, Fl33624 (813) 968-1721 ; Fax: (813) 968·8152

Linderholm, James Al Gymnastic Development Progr P.O. Box 4764 Huntsville, Al3581 5 (205) 883-0566; Fax: (205) 539·1444

Tornese, Dawn 224 Circle Drive Bakerstown, PA 15007 (412) 444-3010

February 1997

Valley, Robert The Master's School of Gymnastics 175 Old Shackle Island Road Hendersonville, TN 37075 (615) 822-8116; Fax: (615) 824-2003 Yamaguchi, Taro 14 Webster Avenue Kearny, NJ 07032-1412 (201) 316 -2507; Fax: (201) 998-2204

TECHNIQUE

..

Sprague, Betsy 9057 E. Mississippi, #10·106 Denver, CO 80231 (303) 373-2797 Stork, Steve 417 E. Glenn Auburn, Al 36830

Moellenbeck, Derrick Gymnastics Nevada 225 Lillard Drive Sparks, NV 89434·8902 (702) 355·7755

..

Reighard, Jerry Central Michigan University Rose Center, SAC 192 MI. Pleasant, MI 48859 (517) 774·6696; Fax: (517) 774·5391

Krum, Susan Columbia Academy of Gymnastics 274 East 5th Street Bloomsburg, PA 17815 (717) 784·0188; (717) 387-0195

Miller, Ken 1204 Spring Avenue Fort Washington, PA 19034 (908) 271 -2838

a,

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Biomechanics

1

AN INSIGHT INTO THE BIOMECHANICS OF TwISTING I

Hardy Fink

Canadian Men's National Coaching High Pelformance Director and Chairman of the MTC FIG 1997 Reprinted from the Association of British Gymnastics Coaches Newsletter Edited by Meg Warren.

(',

A 37

Introduction

Angular momentum = moment of inertia x angular velocity or,AM

A

n understanding of how a gymnast twists in the air is still not complete, even in the mind of physicists and mathematicians; however, the past decade has seen jmuch progress in identifying w hich of these mechanisms are most effective or contributory to successful twisting.

A major problem has been that, altho u gh the human body must obey the laws of physics, it does not act as a rigid system and therefore is not easily analyzed. In fact, a recent survey (Frohlich, 1979) of the 59 physicists who responded to a qu estionnaire, more than 56% believed that a somersaulting diver could not initiate a twist having left the board; something practitioners have known to be readily possible for some time.

Ten years earlier a paper was published (Leigh & Bengerter 1967) which attempted, with the use of cinematography, to demonstrate that coaches were poorly prepared in basic theory because all in the study believed (probably correctly) their divers and trampolinists to have initiated their twists in the air, contrary to what the authors believed the film to sh ow.

The reasons for past difficulties are not hard to understand. All "knew" that according to the principle of conservation of angular momentum, rotation could not be initiated in the absence of an applied torque. Also until the la te 1960s not many aerial performances in the sense of multiple somersaults with delayed multiple twists had been seen; the common appearance of which finally did challenge theoreticians to explain. Finally it may well be, and the issue is far from resolved, that as many as three or four twisting mechanisms are active during one performance and that these mechanisms may interact throughout a complicated twisting and somersaulting performance.

Twisting Mechanisms

=

Iw

For meaningful discussion the forgoing relationship mus t be understood completely: 1. Angular momentum can be viewed as the quantity of rotation a body has about some given axis as a result of its speed of rotation and the distribution of mass about the axis.

2. Moment of inertia (I) is a measure of how the mass of body is distributed about the axis of rotation. The further the mass is away from the object, the larger the "I" and vice versa. In fac t "I" increases as the square of the distance of the mass and therefore small increase in distance can result in relatively large increases in "1."

3. Angular velocity (w) is simply the stated speed of rotation about the axis of rotation.

4. Since AM must be conserved (unless an external force or torque is applied) the product of "I" and "w" must stay constant. However the human body can change position in the air which has the effect of chan ging ''1'' and thus "w." If a gymnast tucks up in the air, ''1'' will decrease and then so that " AM" will be conserved, "w" will increase accordingly and vice versa.

5. No discussion of rotation is meaningful unless axis of rotation is specified.

Angular momentum can be created only by the application of an eccentric force, that is, a force that at some distance from the axis of rotation. Such a force is known as a torque and is most effective the further that it is applied from the axis .

Twisting Mechanisms Torque Twists

For purpose of simplification, validated twisting mechanism may be identified in the following manner: A. Torque twists

B. Non torque twists L Zero angular momentum mechanisms a) Cat twist or two axis theorem b) Hula hoop or conical twist 11. Non zero angular momentum mechanisms a) Tilt twist

Clearly the most effective twisting mechanism is to apply a large torque relative to the longitudinal axis during take off. The gymnast will then have a considerable twisting" AM" in the aire and then if the arms have been held wide (large "1"), "w" can be increased quite significantly simply by pulling the arms in (small "i").

For most twisting gymnastics skills the application of torque during take off is the major twisting mechanism.

Non Torque Twists

Understanding angular momentum The principle of the conservation of angular momentum is most simply stated as:

February 1997

Two conditions can occur, the gymnast can begin with total body" AM" equal to zero about all axes or the gymnastics can begin with some quantity of" AM" about one of the non twisting axes (Le . somersaulting or cartwheelin g).

Zero" AM" Twisting Mechanism TECHNIQUE

Biomechanics

Two diffe rent mechanisms h ave been identified that provide for a body twist w ithout violating the principle of conservation of angular momentum. a) Cat twist or two axis theorem : It is p ossible to perform a limited twist by varyin g the relative movements of in ertia of the upper and lower bod y, in essences, successively twisting one p art of the body w ith small ''1'' against one w ith large ''1'' w hich will therefore tw ist less in the opposite direction.

The tilt mechanism requires the gymnast to sh orten one side of the body relative to the other (by throwing the are, one up, one dow n, or by side flexion or both). This h as the effect of tilting the somersaulting axis away form the" AM" vector the direction of which (in order to be conserved) requires the body to undertake a compensating sustained twist about the longitudinal axis as long as the tilt exists.

Though this is not a mathematical paper the simplified m athematics of w hat occurs can be very enlightening.

I

"

A

Ami = AM,sine (1)

38

Ilwtl

I,w,sine W I = w, (1,/1,) sine (2) =

where t = twist s = somersault angle of tilt

Figure 1 Cat Twist

-6- =

b) Hula Hoop or Conical Twist Theory The simplest explanation is that if a body p art is used to introd u ce an extraneous component of " AM," the total body must turn in the opposite direction to maintain the total "AM" a t zero. The h and or arms could be rotated overhead.

But more effective because of its m ass is to use the trunk in a hula h oop fashion . The total body w ill respond by twis ting in the opposite direction about the lon gitudinal axis.

o

= Q c===J t /

Figure 3 Tilt twist

Equ ation (1) gives the relationship of how much twisting " AM" is induced by a given degree of tilt, but equation (2) is especially useful on ce it is understood. If we assume that we wish to maximize the speed of th e twist (W I) then the equation tells us the follo w ing.

WI

2.

w ill be the largest if the somersaults are performed in the layout position since the value of 1,/1, is m aximized if the numerator is maximized and the d enominator minimized (a layout p osition in each case).

3.

will be greatest the greater the amount of tilts or the greater the amount one sid e is shortened relative to the other since the value of sine increases from 0 to 1.0 as the angle 0 ap proaches 90 degrees . In other words if the body tilts sideways (~= 90 degrees; sine = 1.) completely then the total somersault is converted to twist.

Figure 2 Hula Hoop or Conical Twist

It is important to recognize that these mechanisms under conditions of zero total body" AM" provide only for a reorientation of the body in sp ace while certain body p arts are mo ved and that the twis ting ac tion ceases immediately that the body actions are stopped.

Non Zero AM" twisting Mechanism II

a) Tilt twis t If a gymnas t has considerable angular momentum about the transverse (somersaulting) axis it has now been established that the most effective mechanism for initiating a non torque sustained twist is what is commonly referred to as the tilt twist. This took m any years to discover because it had been neglected that" AM" is a vector quantity, that is, it h as a magnitude component and a directional component. For" AM" the be conserved both compon ents must be con sidered. The direction of the angular momentum vector during a somersault is along the axis of rotation (left for forwa rd somies and vice versa).

w ill be larger, the larger the w, (the sp eed of the initial somersault).

1.

WI

WI

The message sh ould be clear. One of the most effective uses of the tilt mechanism is in multiple layout somersa ults with late twists (i.e., do uble layou t w ith full out) which gives a large value of W maximizes the value of I / 1 and perh aps the sine because of the ~rch to hollow body positlOl~ ch ange.

It has been demonstrated that in backward somersaults the feasible tilt of 10 degrees w ill result in a twisting speed of three twists for each som ersault forwards the feasible tilt is 20 degrees w h ich can result in 51/2 twists per somersault.

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

1997-~000 Age Group

Co... petition Progra...

Conclusion It is likely that in most twisting gymnastics skills there is an interaction of the various twisting mechanisms. Although the " cat twist" and the "hula hoop" mechanisms were explained in reference to zero angular momentum tw ists it is clear that they may also be active in non zero angular momentum twists. In these cases the "cat twis t" likely assists in initiating twist and the "hula hoop" mechanism assists in and may be sufficient for sustaining it although it is not clear if these actions can be maintained consciously throughout a complex performance.

In all cases, other things being equal, a torque twist is the most effective twisting method provided it does not aesthetically detract from the performance or result in modification of other performance parameters (i.e., height or somersaulting" AM"). Ion delayed non zero" AM" twists the tilt twist mechanism is the most effectively and the only one that can create a sustained tw ist. It is the only in-air Inechanism that is certainly under conscious control during the initiation and maintenance of complicated tw isting skills .

1997-~000 Men's Age Group Co...petition Progr....., Clas~ V-VII

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#2221 ..... ......... .$19.95 1997-~000 National Tea ... Progra ...

REFERENCES Bartree, H. and Dowell,!. (1982) A cinematographical analysis of twis ting about the longitudinal axis when performers are free of support." Journal of Human Movement Studies 8:41-54.

U

Fink, H. (1985) "A critical review of biomechanical research in the sport of gymnastics." University of British Columbia, unpublished paper.

Fink, H. (1986) "The principle of the conservation of angular momentum and its application to gymnastics." Coaching Review, March 1986.

#80...... . .... ...... $7.95 1997-~000 Men's Junior National T e .....

Progra...,10-11 Co... pulsory ' oulines and Phase #1 Junior Conditioning

Progr..... Video

Frolich, C. (1979) "Do springboard divers violate angular momentum conservation?" American Joul'I1al of Physics.

47(7),,583-592.

r~~- T~rdety~~m~'~~;~~~;;~~n~;~~;~~::e'l;m~ --~-1

Frohlich, C. (1980) "The physics of somersaulting and twis ting. " Scientific American, March 1980.

I

Leigh, L and Bangerter, B. (1967) " A cinematographic analysis comparing techniques and mechanics of selected forward and backward twisting somersaults in competitive and rebound tumbling." Paper to AAHPER March 13,1967.

Liu, Z. and Nelson, R. (1985) Analysis of twisting somersault dives using computer diagnostics." Biomechanics IX-B.

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Van Gheluwe, B. (1981) "A biomechanical simulation model for airborne twist in backward somersaults." Joul'I1al of Hu man Mo vement Studies 7:1-22.

This article was first published in 1989 by the Canadian Gymnastics Federation it was reproduced with the permission of Hardy Fink.

TOTAE

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I I I I I

Van Gheluwe, B. and Duquet, W. (1977) "A cinematographic evaluation of two twisting theories in the backward somersault." Journal of Human Movement Studies 3:5-20.

Yeadon, M. and Atha, J. (1985) "The production of a sustained aerial twist during a somersault without the use of asymmetrical are action." Biomechanics IX-B (edited by Winter et all 195-400.

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Men's Gymnastics

,

1997-98 SCHOLARSHIP ApPLICATION I

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40

The National Gymnastics Foundation and USA Gymnastics Men's Scholarship Program Application Guidelines General Information

The National Gymnastics Foundation Men's Scholarship Program 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225 (317) 237-5050, ext. 264

What is the amount of the scholarship?

What is the purpose of The National Gymnastics Foundation and USA Gymnastics Scholarship Program?

The National Gymnastics Foundation provides opportunities for in dividual, corporate, foundation and government gifts and grants to support, nurture and steward the special programs and initiatives of USA Gymnastics that build scholarship; develop grassroots model programming; strengthen international relationships through world education and competition; and address the mental and physical challenges presented by the sport. In partnership with USA Gymnastics Men's and Women's Programs, opportunities in the sport of gymnastics are advanced by offering financial support to a full range of athletes competing at an elite level.

Who will administer the Scholarship?

The National Gymnastics Foundation and USA Gymnastics will administer the Scholarship.

Who is eligible to apply for the Scholarship?

Any American male citizen, who is an elite-level gymnast pursuing his

college or post-secondary education. Note: Acceptance of this scholarship could effect your NCAA eligibility, depending upon your individual situation.

How do I apply to the Scholarship?

The application must be received in the Foundation office on or before April 1.

The application must be TYPED. We want you to have the greatest possible chance of receiving a grant. A typed application will be easier for the scholarship panel to read.

Three recommendations are needed to complete the application - one each from: your personal coach, a leader in the gymnastics community, and a teacher or a professor.

The letters should address your work habits, character, athletic participation, pursuit of academic goals, and your relationship with the person writing the letter. These letters need not accompany your application, but they do need to be received by the Foundation on or before Aprill.

Your completed Scholarship Application must contain 6 full packets (1 original and 5 copies), collated and stapled in the following order: 1. Application forms - first page signed 2. 3 Letters of Recommendation - if sending with the application 3. College or High School transcript

Where do I send the completed application?

Return the original and the copies to:

The size of the scholarship will vary, depending upon the dollars raised throughout the year in support of the program.

Who will make the scholarship decision?

A Scholarship Panel, appointed by The National Gymnastics Foundation and USA Gymnastics, will choose the successful candidate.

What are the requirements for scholarship recipients?

Scholarship recipients must: 1. Use the scholarship for college or post-secondary education expenses, excluding post-graduate work.

2. Be training at the elite level with an emphasis on international competition.

3. Maintain a minimum of a "C" average in order to qualify for or renew a scholarship.

4. Submit a report at the end of the year about his experiences as a scholarship awardee.

5. Accept in writing within four weeks of notification of the award, with correspondence addressed to: Kathy Scanlan, President USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225 Or to other such persons or addresses as expressed by scholarship donors.

What are the deadlines and other relevant dates?

April 1:

FINAL deadline for receipt of scholarship applications at the Foundation office.

April 15:

Scholarship recipients notified

June, 1998: Scholarship recipient reports due atThe National Gymnastics Foundation

How do I receive the Application forms? and Who do I call if I have questions?

The Men's Scholarship Program Application Forms may be obtained from and questions may be addressed to our Men's Program Assistant: Apryl Garnett (317) 237-5050, ext 264 The forms are also posted on USA Gynmastics Online at: http : // www . usa-gymnastics . org and on the National Gymnastics Foundation website at: http : //www . gymfoundation . org

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

Announcement

MEN'S JUNIOR NATIONAL COACHING STAFF Dennis McIntyre

Evaluate the Future Stars National Championship .

Participate as a presenter, lecturer, and or a coach at the National Coaches Workshop. c. Attend USA Gymnastics National Congress. d. Attend scheduled Junior National Coaclung Staff meetings. (USA Gymnastics National Congress and Future Stars National Championship) 2. Duties at the Regional & State level a. Work with the Regional Chairman of the staff member's home region to develop and carryout a Regional Clinic.

U

SA Gymnastics is now soliciting and accepting applications to the Junior National Coaching Staff. Information concerning the duties and responsibilities of Junior National Coaching Staff members has recently been reviewed and updated. The current responsibilities are listed in the fo llow ing document.

If you are interested in serving as a member of the Junior National Coaching Staff, please submit your application and resume to the Men's Program Director at USA Gymnastics by April 1, 1997. Applications w ill be reviewed and new staff appointments made prior to the 1997 Junior Olympic Championships being held May 16-18.

If you have any questions, please contact Demus McIntyre at USA GYrJU1astics.

Junior National Coaching Staff

b. Work with the State Chairman of the staff member's home state to develop and carryout a State CliIUc. c. Attend and oversee the Regional Future Stars' Evaluation in the staff member's home region.

3. Service as a resource person for the community.

a. Be willing to work with and serve as a tecluucal resource to coaches within their region and to n ational team members' coaches. b. Be willing to draft and submit technical articles for publication in a timely manner w hen requested.

4. Miscellaneous: Junior National Staff members should attempt to make themselves available, w henever possible, for the following when requested:

a. Attend other training camps as requested by the Men's Program Manager.

The J uluor National Coaching Staff is responsible for providing the leadership in technical development and execution to the Junior Program of the USA Gynmastics Men's Program. In addition, the Junior National Coaching Staff plays an important role in the task of overseeing and executing all aspects of the Junior National Team Program including planning, athlete selection and training. Selection to the Junior Coaching Staff is a singular honor and is a responsibility which requires attendance at training camps, coaching staff meetings and the USA Gymnastics Con gress. Jutuor Coaching Staff members are available as a resource for the states and regions. They have demonstrated by their talents and successes that they are leaders in the sport.

b. Conduct other regional clinics or camps. c. Attend domestic or international events involving Junior National Team Members.

Junior National Coaching Staff Selection A. Application: Interested applicants should send a request for

appointment and a complete resume to the Men' s Program Director. The Men' s Program Director will review the application and determine appointment to the staff based on : Professional membership in Men's Program

Junior National Coaching Staff Responsibilities

Involvement in the jutuor program on the local, state, regional, and national level.

A. General

Demonstrated interest in the n ational program through attending clinics, training camps, and USA Gyllli1as tics National Congress.

1. Work w ith the Men's Program Manager, National Team Coordinator, and other staff members in a professional mam1er.

2. Abide by the host facility's rules and policies during training camps.

3. Perform the position's required administrative and coaching duties.

B. Specific 1. Required Event Attendance

a. Attend at least one assigned Junior National Team Training Camp per year. In addition: Be prepared to carry out assigned duties in such areas as coaching, group leader, supervisor, and resource person for other coaches.

Attend all camp staff and coaches meetings. b. Attend "Future Stars" National Championship and National Coaches' Workshop and be prepared to:

Perceived ability to integrate into the Staff.

ational Coaclun g

Teclmical knowledge of gymnastics Competitive experience Education B. Term: The term for a Junior National Coaching Staff position is four years. The initial year of the four year term shall be probationary and the Men's Program Director may elect to terminate a Coaching Staff appointment at the end of the firs t year. There is no limit to the number of consecutive terms .

C. Removal from the Coaching Staff: Failure of a Junior National

Coaching Staff member to follow the USA Gynmastics Code of Ethics or to meet the obligations set forth in this document, may result in suspension or termination of a Coaching Staff appointment by the Men's Program Director.

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

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Announcement

, POSITION DESCRIPTION

,

Position of Men's National Team Coordinator 16-JAN-97

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The 1997-2000 Men's National Team Program calls for the creation of a position titled "Men's National Team Coordinator." USA Gymnastics is now actively seeking qualified individuals who are interested in serving in this position. The position requirements are listed below.

The position of Men's National Team Coordinator is a very important one for the success of the Men' s National Team Program. It is essential that the National Team Coordinator be a focal point for the continuing education of both coaches and athletes, a resource for gathering and disseminating information and for the coordination of educational efforts . The position of the National Team Coordinator must be a very pro-active one in that the National Team Coordinator must be in constant contact with National Team members and coaches assessing their individual needs . The specific duties of the Men's National Team Coordinator are: Serve as a resource person and a conduit for the gathering and exchanging of information to the National Team coaches.

Consult with National Team athletes and coaches and through that consultation develop and monitor a training plan for each member and log and file the physical, attitudinal and competitive status of each team member.

Conduct periodic clinics for National Team members and provide formats for training camps for the national team.

Serve as a technical consultant to National Team members, National Team coaches, Men's Program Committee, Junior Olympic Program Committee and National Gymnastics Judges' Association.

Serve as the contact point for coaches and oversee the logistical aspects in the implementation of the Expert Clinician Program.

Assist the assigned coaching staff in the development and implementation of any competition plan for international events.

Attend major national and international events as necessary.

Provide the National Team with relevant information on other countries' progress and perso!U1el.

Provide technical videos for judges, coaches and National Team members after major competitions where applicable.

~w~~~~.~N~a::tiona' CongreSS

fcs National Con1997 USA GymnastiCS s for USA Gy mnas 1 C nvention

Join your colleague t 14-17 at the Denver o. nction aresS in Denver, AuguS 'ess will be held In conJU hich Center. This year, th~ J~n8~mnastics ChampionshIPS w C with the JohnHanco ~Nichols Arena. .

'11 be conducted at M f' d y our area wIth WI '11 be sure to In I re At the Congress y?SU",':~men' s, rhy thmic, prescho!.~p';pe~la~ f ns on men , 1 Tith the eve pres enta 10d neral gymnastics a.ong "'AI featured is the ational, an ~e sport science sesslfns. t . 1S~ymnastics equipbusll1ess an. . Hall showing the ates II 0 popular ExhIbIt roducts and serVICes. ment and related P d August 13 and 17.

'11 be offere on Add-on sessions WI . * d the next Technique stics Onhne an na Watch USA Gy m ' ticket information, etc. . f ' more detall s, Inagazlne or G astics Online is: * The URL for USA ymn .

9 mnastlCS . or http : // www . usa -gy

This position does not necessarily require relocation. Salary commensurate to experience and personal situation. For more information contact:

Ron Galimore, Men 's Program Director USA Gymnastics Pan American Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225

February 1997

TECHNIQUE

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Coaches Education

GRANDPARENTING ApPLICATION

I'~ :::,-s- - - GYMNASTICS ------

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COACHES EDUCATION

S5# _ _ _ __

City _ _ _ _ __

State _ _ _ __

Phone (day) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

(night) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

/ Birthdate / Safety Certification: PDP Level II Accreditation: ASEP Sport Science Course: Please select:

USAG Professional No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Age _ _ __

o o o

No No No OMens

0 Yes 0 Yes 0 Yes 0 Womens

Zip _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Grad Yr.

0 Rhythmic

School/College/University

Degree

Major Area

HS Univ.

Grad.

Coaching!Administration Experience From

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Employer

Position Description

# of Athletes/Boys or Girls

Other

Team Coaching Year

Upon completion of this form send to: USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capitol Ave. Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225 Attn: PDP

-

Level

A

43

Educational Background Inst

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Additional Infonnation (certifications, courses completed, additional experience, etc.) (please pri"1 or Iype)

Februa ry 1997 TECHNIQUE

Coaches Education

PDP LEVEL I VIDEO ADMINISTRATORS Updated 31 - JAN- 97

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State Al AR CA CO

Fl GA ID IA Il IN KY KY MA MD MD ME MN NC NC NC NJ NJ NM NY NY OH OK OR PA PA SC SD TN TX TX TX UT VA

Name Garcia, Rick Gomez, Julian Taylor, Mike Turner, Pam Charshasian, Rick Calvert, Chris Penza, Donna Glas, Tim Mendoza, Juan Carlos laFollette, Christine Martin, laura Schoenbaechler, Steve Moore, lowence Ouellette, Robert Taborsky, Roger Rogers, Rae Gay, Scott Davis, Don Kennedy, Kristine Smith, James Pelzer, Art Yamaguchi, Taro Clovis, Sheryl leary, Irene Stout, Heather Parsley, Jamie Blakemore, Scott Franklin, Becky Kost-Sterner, Sandy Peterson, Megan Pamir, Susan Udehn, Kippy Malone, Allan Artale, Faye England, Mark Friedlein, David Heddens, Katy Seabright, Stacey

City Trussville Benton Menlo Park

Palm Beach Oecatur Boise Carroll Chicago Park Washington Florence louisville Pittsfield Elkridge Baltimore Bangor Minneapolis Raleigh Raleigh Asheville Cranbury Kearny Tatum Kenmore New York City Hilliard Stillwater Ontario Pottsville Wynnewood Myrtle Beach Kadoka Cookeville Austin Austin McAllen Pork City Winchester

Location

Central Arkansas

60mi Eof Orlando

Western Edge

Central Maine

by Texas border

south- by Mexico

You may also contact USA Gymnastics Member Clubs to view the clinic.

If you would like to be includ ed on this list, please contact Tina Sunier 317-237-5050 ex t. 238

Note: Administrators can charge up to $10 per person to conduct the PDP Level I Video Clinic

February 1997 TECHNI Q UE

Phone 1 205-970-0496 501-778-1131 415-858-3480 303-651 -1456 407-676-4429 404-6B7 -9911 208-853-3220 712-792-4999 312-434-5523 812-254-7673 513-762-1894 502-458-8094 413-445-5689 410-379-1548 410-823-1421 207-947-3860 612-953-1911 919-790-9400 919-848-7988 704-252-8746 609-395-1416 201-316-2507 505-763-9726 716-877 -2700 314-256-4500 614-876-5736 405-624-6206 503-889-2838 717 -628-4966 610-896-7770 803-293-3118 605-837-2306 615-528-1133 512-280-8432 512-441 -1808 210-686-1411 801-640-1245 540-665-2848

Phone 2

501 -954-7166

â&#x20AC;˘

605-837 -2322

1997 USA Gymnastics National GymFest

1997 GYMFEST TO BE HELD AT WALT DISNEY WORLD The new Walt Disney Wid e World of Sports Complex at Walt Disney World in Orlando will serve as the venue for the 1997 USA Gymnastics ational GymFest. We expect high participation including several international groups.

The 1997 GymFest w ill be conducted August 24-27.

Tentative schedule: August 24 (Sun.)

August 25 (Mon.) August 26 (Tues.)

August 27 (Wed.)

Rehearsals (All-day) 4:30·6:00 PM - Opening Ceremony 7:00·10:00 PM - Welcome Party GymFest rehearsals and performances (all day) GymFest rehearsals and performances (all day) The Gym Fest Gala Performance

Registration All participants must register with their Grou p (Club). Group Leaders sh ould contact Steve Whitlock at the USA Gymnastics to obtain Registration packets.

Cost:

$100/participant (paid to USA Gymnastics)

Includes:

• • • • •

Participant Credential Gym Fest Welcome Party Plaque for each registered group Opening Ceremony (march-in and possible display) Optional outdoor performance (large groups only)

• • • •

USA GymFest Gala (possible display for your group) Entrance to Disney's Wide World of Sports Certificate for each paid participant Entrance to all Gym Fest activities

MAGIC MUSIC DAYS GymFest grou ps are able to perform their GymFest (or another display routine) in one of the Disney Parks as part of Disney's Magic Music Days. This activity compliments the GymFest and provides significant savings for groups to obtain Walt Disney World Park Passes. Information will be included in the 1997 GymFest Information Packet. (NOTE: Magic Music Days performances are scheduled either immediately before or after the GymFest activities .)

Cost:

$85/ participant

Includes:

• One performance in one of the Walt Disney World Parks (i.e., Epcot®) • Up to 4·days admission to the Magic Kingdom®, Epcot®, and Disney·MGM Studios®with park·hopping privileges using the VIP-Passport • Disney Magic Music Days T·shirt and lapel pin • Use of the Walt Disney World transportation system linking the Parks NOTE: The VIP Passport is available to all performing members in the group and one chaperone per every five paid MMD performers. Groups receive two FREE VIP Passports for their Group Leaders. Standard admission is available to the remaining members of your traveling party.

Accommodations GymFest groups will be able to take advantage of special group accommodations at the Disney All-Star Music Resort. The rooms are a standard double that can accommodate up to 4 persons. Information on accommodations w ill be provided in the Group Registration packet.

Example: The package below is the cost per person in either a double or quad occupancy room for four nights. If yo ur group plans for a longer stay, the package rate would be adjus ted accordingly . $189 (double)

$93 (quad)

More detailed information will be provided in the Group Registration packet. Write to Steve Whi tlock a t USA Gymnastics: Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46225 - (317) 237-5050 Additionally, more information will be included in the next issue of Technique magazine and posted in the General Gymnastics pages on our websi te: http : // www . usa-gymnastics . org

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

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Rhythmic Gymnastics

Official

1997 Rhythmic

Entry Form

Eastern/Western Open

Office Use: Date Rcv'd - - -

Qualifying Events I

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East Entry Fee _ __ West Entry Fee _ __

A Level 9 or 10 rhythmic gymnast may enter one or two qualifying events.

o Bowie, Maryland

o Portland, Oregon

Entry for:

April 5/6

April 12/13

Name _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Birthdate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ phone . \. .(_----'-_ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ City _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ State_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Zip_ _ _ _ _ __ USA Gymnastics Athlete Member # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ SS #_ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ _

o Level 9 o Level 10

Level of Competition

o Child o Junior o Senior

Age Division :

Club/Team Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Phone...l.(_----'L.-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ City _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ State _ _ _ __ _ _ Zip _ _ _ _ _ __ _ Head Coach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ USA Gymnastics Pro #_ _ _ _ _ _ Safety Cert. Exp._ _ _ _ __ (Print Na mel

Assistant Coach,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ USA Gymnastics Pro #_ _ _ _ _ _ Safety Cert. Exp. _ _ _ _ __ (Print Na mel

Meet Entry Forms and Entry Fee Must Be Sent To USA Gymnastics Postmarked No Later Than Monday, March 17, 1997 Entry Fee:

$60.00 per Event. $120.00 for Both . No Refunds Make Checks Payable to USA Gymnastics Further information sent upon receipt of entry.

will be given.

o VISA

0 Other Card Exp. Date_----'-/_ __ ~ PREFERS VISA路 Card# _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Amount _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ Charge

Signature

of Card Holder _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Printed Name of Card Holder _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

Mail Entry Forms and Fee to:

Signature of Coach

Nora Campbell USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capitol, Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225 Signature of Parent or Legal Guardian if Under 18

Signature of Gymnast February 1997 TECHNIQ UE

,

Calendar (Dates &Events Subject to Chonge or Cancellation) Date

Days Discipline

Event

Location

Contact

Phone

Internationol 3 x 3 Gymnastics Chompionships Internationol Rhythmic Exhibition American Classic National Gymnastics Foundation Board Meeting International Team Championships (Jr./Sr.) Level 10 State Meets

Ft. Worth, TX Chicago, IL New Haven, CT Cincinnati, OH Cincinnati, 0H Various Sites

Jeff Olsen Nora Campbell Kathy Kelly Michelle Sherbun Jeff Olsen Connie Maloney

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050

American Challenge - National Elite Western Open NCAA Western Regionals NCAA Eastern Regionals NCAA Regionals USA Gymnastics Collegiate Championships Eastern Open Level 10 Regional Championships USA Gymnastics Nat'llnvitational Tournament NCAA National Championships NCAA National Championships Pan American Invitational Pan American Training Camp

Sacramento, CA Portland, OR Albuquerque, NM West Point, NY Various Sites Seattle, WA Bowie, NO Various Sites Iowa City, IA Iowa City, IA Gainesville, FL Houston, TX Houston, TX

Kathy Kelly Nora Campbell NCAA NCAA NCAA Kathy Kelly Nora Campbell Connie Maloney Kathy Kelly NCAA NCAA Gary Warren Gary Warren

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 913-339-1906 913-339-1906 913-339-1906 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 913-339-1906 913-339-1906 317-237-5050 317-237-5050

J .~.

Championships U.S. Rhythmic National Championships J . ~ . Championships J.D. Championships J.D. National Compulsory Workshop &New Code Clinic USA Gymnastics Executive Committee Meeting USA Gymnastics Board of Directors Meeting

Orlando, FL Houston, TX Walnut Creek, CA Orlando, FL Reno, NV Indianapolis, IN Indianapolis, IN

Connie Maloney Nora Campbell Nora Campbell Dennis Mcintyre Connie Maloney Julie Bejin Julie Bejin

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050

Four Continents Championships J.D. National Compulsory Workshops and New Code Clinic Elite Regionals Region 3 Symposium U.S. Challenge - National Elite

Sydney, AUS Providence, RI Various Sites Houston, TX Cincinnati, OH

Nora Campbell Connie Maloney Kathy Kelly Carol Hillenburg Kathy Kelly

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 713- 395-2215 317-237-5050

Elite Judges Course U.S. Championships Qualification Meets Regional Elite (International Only) International Junior Team Meet U.S. Classic \ National Gymnastics Festival Sr. Pan American Gymnastics Championships

Tempe, AZ' Various Sites Various Sites TBD TBD Medellin, COL

Kathy Kelly Ron Galimore Gary Warren Nora Campbell Kathy Kelly Gary Alexander

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050

FIG Continental Judges Course John Hancock U.S. Gymnastics Championships USA Gymnastics National Congress USA Gymnastics National Gym Fest Artistic World Championships

Colo. Spgs., CO Denver, CO Denver, CO Orlando, FL Lausanne, SUI

Nora Campbell Jeff Olsen Steve Whitlock Steve Whitlock Gary Alexander

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050

Austin, TX Houston, TX

GaryAlexander

317- 237-5050

TBD Berlin, GER Berlin, GER Berlin, GER

Nora Campbell Gary Alexander Nora Campbell Gary Alexander

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050

MARCH 1997

2 6 14 21 21 22

1 1 3 1 2 2

MWR R W MWR MW W

t'~

APRIL 1997

4 5 5 5 5 10 12 12 12 17 17 18 20

2 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 5

W R M M W MW R W W M W W W

MAY 1997

1 2 10 16 28 30 31

4 3 2 3 6 1 2

W R R M W MWR MWR

JUNE 1997

3 4 14 19 28

4 6 2 4 2

R W W W W

JULY 1997

9 12 12 19 24 TBD

5 1 2 2 4

W M W R W MWR

AUGUST 1997

9 13 14 24 31

5 4 4 4 8

R MW MWR MWR MW

SEPTEMBER 1997

5 TBD

3

MW MW

GAT Convention Junior Pacific Alliance Championships

OCTOBER 1997 11 2 J.D. Group Championships

20 22 28

2 5 2

R MWR

FIG Scientific Symposium Rhythmic World Championships FIG Executive Symposium

NOVEMBER 1997

21

MWR

USA Gymnastics Executive Committee Meeting

Indianapolis, IN

February 1997 TECHNIQUE

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on-profit Organization U.s. Postage PAID Permit I o. 7867 Indianapolis, I.

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES Minimum age for Safeh) Certification is 18 years

23

FEBRUARY 1997

28

22

23

23

23

North Olmstead, OH; 1:00-5:00 p.m.

2600 Lorain Local Contact: Jon Dzurinda 216-734-8200 Course Dir: 80bbi Fahrnbach 614- 777- 5057; 614-457-1279 Downers Grove, IL; 9:30 a.m.-2:00 p.m.

2435 Curtiss Course Dir: Edgar Pulido 630-969-0900 Salt Lake City, UT; 1:30-5:30 p.m.

The little Gym; 3440 East Bengal Blvd. (7800 South) 801 - 942-4411 Course Dir: Randy McCoy 541-929-2003 Raleigh, NC; 10:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.

North Raleigh Gymn, 5400 Atlantic Springs Rd Local contact: Don Davis 919-790-9400

Boise, 10; 9:00 a.m.-l:00 p.m.

Gem State Gymnastics Academy Course Dir: JimTighe 208-853-3220 Myrtle Beach, SC; 6:00-10:00 p.m.

N. Myrtle Beach Gymn &More; 523 Highway 17 North Local contact: Louie or Tommy 803-249-5867 Course Dir: Billy Bob Taylor 304-344-3279

2

2

MARCH 1997

Robbinsville, NJ; 2:45 registration 3:00-9:00 p.m.

Connections Course Dir: Cathy Finkel 201-586-1808 before 9:00 p.m.

Rapid City, SO; 7:30- 11:30 a.m.

Just Jymnastics 2830 West Omaha St Course Dir: Bill Allen 605-341-59 14 Gainesville, FL; 8:00 a.m.12:00 noon Holiday Inn West Course Dir: Nelena Beck 352-378-8711 or 352-493-7512

,- - --------

7

8

Chicago, IL; 10:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m.

Harrison Pork 1824 S. Wood St Local contact: Juan Mendoza/ Jackie White; 312- 747- 2024 Course Dir: Monte Kimes 773-586- 6015 North Wales, PA; 12:00 noon4:30 p.m.

Family Fun Gymnastics Center; 121 Dickerson Rd, Unit 4 Locol contact: Gene Speer 215-699- 2900 Course Dir: Ken Miller 908-356- 0633 Mt. Vernon, VA; 6:00-10:00 p.m.

The Notion's Capitol Cup Meet Local contact: GoryAnderson 301-468-9181 Course Dir: Billy Bob Taylor 304-344-3279 Decatur, GA; 2:00-6:00 p.m.

Varsity Gymnastics; 2617-BTolley St Course Dir: Chris Colvert 404-687-9911

--...,..---~

West Babylon, NY; 2:00-6:00 p.m.

BK Gymnastics Center Course Dir: Ed Konopa 516-422- 0116 9 Son Bruno, CA; 1:00-6:00 p.m 300 Piedmont Suite #508 Course Dir: Steve Scott 415-866-4932 15 Columbus OH; 1:00- 5:00 p.m Tuttle Pork, 240 West Oakland Ave Locol contact: James Whetstone 614- 645- 3602 Course Dir: Bobbi Montanari Fahrnbach 614-777- 5057; 614-457-1279 16 Clearwater, Fl; 9:00 a.m.-l :00 p.m.

2140 Range Rood, Unit G Course Dir: Karl Bishop 813-447-2108 21 Loramie, WY; 6:00-10:00 p.m.

Wyoming School of Gymnastics Course Dir: Raleigh Wilson 307-745- 8302

8

--

Name: Mr./Mrs./Ms. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

All materials (including the Safety Handbook) for 3rd Cycle courses are provided at the course and are part of the course fee.

COST: Pro路Member with Current Sofety Certification wishing to re-certify ........ no charge

Soc. Sec. #:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Birthd ate: _ _ _ _ __

Certificationis good for four years.

Pro-Member with expired or new Sofety Certificotion ........................ _$50.00

Address: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

To achieve Safety Certification, the participant must be at least 18 years of age at the time of the course.

Instructor Member ................. $50.00 Non-Member or Generol Member... ....................... $100.00

Participation Registration Form Minimum age for Safety Certification is 18 years

City:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _State: _ _ _ _ Zip _ _ _ __ Telephone: (H) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (W) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Course Direc tor: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Course Loca tion: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Date: _ _ _ __ Organization Represented:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Professional or instructor Number: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Cu rrent Safety Expiration date: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Form of Payment: 0 Check 0 Visa

~

PREFERS

VISA

0 Other Card

ame on Card :_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Please make checks payable in full to USA Gymnastics Safety Certification.

Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics Safety, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300,201 S. Capitol, Indianapolis, IN 46225 or FAX. to 317-237-5069

Number: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

T297

I I ____ -.JI

路 You must hove YOUI USA Gymnosti(s numbel on the TegistlOtion 101m in OIdel to quolify 101 the discount.

NO APPLIED FOR numbelsl'lill be o((epted.

You moy not Tegistel 101 0 couise to leC81tify ony eodiel thon 8 months pliO! to yOUi expilOtion dote.

No on-site registrotion. rou must pre-register no loter thon 10 doys prior to the course,

To register please fax (317-237-5069) or mail your Participant Registration Form to USA Gymnastics.

(rlOA

GYMNASTICS