Technique Magazine - February 1996

February 1996 Vol. 16, #2

AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF USA GYMNASTICS

Inside Women IS Gymnastics A History: Volume 11966 To 1974 Keeping Up In The World Of Sport Sciences 1996 Congress 199 7 FIG Code Of Points Summary

USA Gymnastics1996 Budget Handstand To Stutzkehre: The Relationship Between The Anatomical And Mechanical The Symbolic Legacy Of American Gymnastics Starting A Mobile Gymnastics Business From Scratch GymnaestradaA Gym Owner And Coach IS Perspective

([filA GYMNASTICS

USA GYMNASTICS

L--1_I_HL_ET_E_'S_C_OO_K_BO_O_K-----IIIL--_NE_W_V_ID_E_Ot_1_PE_S-------J USA Gymnastics and editor Michelle Dusserre, R.D ., have recently completed a book entitled, Athlete's Cookbook, published

by Masters Press. This book has excellent information on meeting basic nutritional guidelines for athletes, understanding your nutritional needs, getting proper nutrition on the road, learning about and dealing with eating disorders, preparing great-tasting recipes and much, much more.

#2377 $16.95

#2375 $16.95

The chapters include: #2376 $16.95

Nutrition Basics For Backflips Building a Pyramid to Nutrition Success Road Trip Nutrition

#2456 $16.95 #2501

How To Win While Losing Recipe categories are: Breakfast: Great Ways to Start Your Day

$15.95

Side Dishes: The Supporting Cast

#2500

Pastas, Pizza and More

$24.95

Meat and Poultry: Protein Perfection Desserts: The Perfect Dismount

#2502

This book is available through the USA Gymnastics Locker room.

$16.95 #2503

$14.95

#3647

$16.95

Item #

Size

Description

Quantity

Price

Totol

1995 National GymFest, Carmel, Indiana - (1:23) Footage of all individual group performances, plus the USA Rhythmic Group National Team, footage of practices, and the rehearsal for the Finale. This tape includes two music videos.

1995 Rhythmic Challenge - (2:00) This competition also served as the Pan American Games Trials.

See Pan Am medalists Jessica Davis and Tamara Levinson as they prepared for the Games. Also see National Team members challenging to improve their 1995 ranking.

1995 Junior Olympic Group Championships - (2:00) This second annual event was held in San Francisco, CA. The video includes Round 2 of Day 1 and Day 2 Finals competition.

Catch the exci tement of rhythmic gymnastics group action in its developmental stage.

"A Day in the Gym" Video Series - Tape #1 - (2:00) Level 6 off-season workout. Arizona Sunrays, Phoenix, AZ. 1995 U.S. National Championships - Men's Team 2000 Competition - (2:00) Features: All competi tors. Hand-held footage from the stands.

Blurry and choppy in places.

1995 U.S. National Championships - Men's Competition (2:00) - three tapes Tape 1: Compulsory Competition - (2:00) All competitors.

Hand-held footage from the stands. Blurry and choppy in places.

(2:00) Tape 2: Optional Competition Tape 3: Optional Competition and Event Finals (2:00) 1995 IBM Atlanta Gymnastics Invitational Men's Competition (1:30) These are the " technical" videotapes. See top international performers in this " test-event" for the 1996 Olympic Games.

1995 IBM Atlanta Gymnastics Invitational Women's Competition (1:30) These are the" teclmical" videotapes. See top international performers in this "test-event" for the 1996 Olympic Games.

To order ony of these books, or other educotionol moteriols ond videos presented in this issue, pleose complete this order form.

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Signature: ________________________________________________ Send orders and make checks payable to: USA Gymnastics, Locker room Dept., PO Box 5562, Indianapolis, IN 46255-5562 • /-800-4-USA-GYM

Contents

publisher

Kathy Scanlan

Editor

Steve Whitlock

Designer

Cindy L. Reed

Men' s Program Director

Book Review

Ron G al imore

Women's Gymnastics: AHistory: Volume 1- 1966 To 1974 101 Ways To Increase Class Enrollment & Club Profitability

Women ' s Pragram Director

Kathy Kelly

Rhythmic Program Director

Nora Campbell

4 35

Announcements

USA GYMNASTICS BOARD OF DIRECTORS Choir:Sandy Knapp; President: KOlhyScanlon; President Emeri· tus: Mike Donohue; Amateur Athletic Union: Mike Sionner; American Sokol Organization: Jerry Milan; USA Trampoline & Tumbling: Wayne Downing; American Turners: Betty Heppner;

Rhythmic Competition Bids Rhythmic Junior Olympic Group Compulsory Workshop Rhythmic Junior Olympic Group Championships Women's Technical Clarifications

Jewish Community Centers: Lori Kalz; Collegiale Gymnastics

Sports Science

Association: MRoy Johnson; National Association of Colle· giale Gymnastics (oaches for Women: Gail Davis; National

Keeping Up In The World Of Sport Sciences

Association for Girls and Women in Sport: Dr. Mimi Murray; National Association of Women' 5 Gymnastics Judges:Yvonne

1996 Congress

Hodge; Notional (ollegiote Athletic Association: Chri, Voelz, lou Burkel; National Federation of State High School Associa·

1996 Congress & Olympic Trials 1996 Olympic Trials Schedule 1996 Pre·Registration Form 1996 CongressAdd-Ons Registration Form

tions: SusonTrue; National Gymnastics Judges Association:

Harry Bjerke; National High School Gymnastics Cooches Asso· ciotion: John BrinkwMh; Special Olympics, Inc,: Kole Fober· Hickie; U.S. Rhythmic Gymnastics Ca"hes Association: Suzie DITullio; U.S, Association of Independent Gym Clubs: lonce Crowley; U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Men's Gymnas' tics:Peler Kormann;U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Women' 5 Gymnastics: Tony Gehman, Roe Kreulzer; U.S. Men's Gymnas-

Men's Gymnastics 1997 FIG Code Of Points Summary

tics (ooches Association: More Yancey; U.S. Sports Anobatin Federation: Bonnie Davidson; Young Men's Christian Associa-

Administration

'\on of the USA: Rick Dodson; USA Gymnastics Nationol

USA Gymnastics-1996 Budget

mbership Directors: Men's: JimHoll, Ray Gura; Women's:

, ioThompson·Arelz, Mark Weber; Rhythmic:AlloSvirsky, UleAI!· Carberry Athlete's Advisory Committee: Koryn lyon Glover, choir; (hris Woller, vice choir; Tonyo Service Choplin, ,ec; Wendy Hilliard, Korynlyon Glover, PelerVidmar, Conrad Voorsonger, Kri'len Kenoyer Woodlond, KimZmeskol; USOC Athlete Representative: Michelle Du,serre·Forreli.

Biomechanics

USA GYMNASTICS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

General Gymnastics

Chair: Sondy Knopp; Special Advisor to the Chairman of the Board: Roe Kreulzer; President: KOlhy Sconlon; Secretary: Mike Milidoni,; Vice Chair Women: Hanry Marsholl; Vice Choir Men: Tim Doggell; Vice Chair Rhythmic: Candoce Feinberg; FIG Women' s Technical Committee: Jockie Fie; FIG Rhythmic Technical Committee: Andreo Schmid·Shopiro; fiG Men' s Tech· nical Committee: Bill Roelzheim;At largeMembers:JimHarlung, Joon Moore·Gnol; Athlete Diredors: Tonyo Service (hoplin, Karyn lyon Glover, Peler Vidmar; USOC Athlete Representative: Michelle Dusserre·Farrell; President Emeritus: Mike Donohue.

Starting AMobile Gymnastics Business From Scratch Gymnaestrada-A Gym OwnerAnd Coach's Perspective USAG Jr. Olympic Vault Table (Revised January 1996) FIG Vault Table For Elite Competitions (Revised 1/96)

Unless expressly idenlified 10 the conlrary, all orlicles, ,Iole· menls ond views prinled hereinare ollribuledsolely10the oUlhor ond USA Gymnoslies expresses no opinion and ollumes no responsibility Ihereof.

12 13 15 17

18

22

Handstand To Stutzkehre: The Relationship Between The Anatomical And Mechanical

24

History The Symbolic Legacy Of American Gymnastics

27

31 34 41 42

Women's Gymnastics Making Your Choice Of A College

35

Preschool Gymnastics Levell KAT Observation Form Levell KAT Workshops-Current Schedule KATRegistration Form

36 37 37

Board of Directors CHANGEOF ADOREIIAND IUBICRIPTIO NINQUIRIES: In order 10 ensure uninlerrupled delivery 01 TECHNIQUEmogozine, nolice 01 change 01 address ,hould be mode six 10 eight weeks in odvome. For 10,lesl service, pleo .. enciOle your presenl moiling label. Direcl 011 subscriplion moil 10 TECHNIQUE Subscriplions, 1036 N. Copilol, Suile E·235, Indionopolis, IN 46204.

TECHNIQUE UIIN 07~B·5999 9 ) is published 10 limes per year by USA Gymnoslies, Pon Americon PIOlO, 201 I. Copilol Ave., luile 300, Indionopolis, IN 462251phone: 317-2375050). Third closs pOlloge paid ol lndionopo lis, ItI. lubmip· lioo prices: 125.00 per yeor in Uniled Iioles; all olher lunlries 14B.00 per year. If ovoiloble, bock illue single .opies 14.00 plus pOlloge/ hondling. All reosonoble core will be loken, bUI no responsibilily con be ossumed lor unsoliciled moleriol; enclose relurn posloge. Copyright 1996 by UIA Gymno' lies and TECHNIQUE. All rig his reserved. Prinled by Iporl Grophies, Indionopolis, IN.

Helm's Hall Of Fame Becomes USA Gymnastics Hall Of Fame Hall Of Fame Selection Committee Nomination Form

43 44

Women's Program Nominations For National Committee Chairs

45

~ USA GYMNASTICS

CONGRESS --.

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II · 1 0

I

Book Review

WOMEN'S GYMNASTICS A HISTORY: VOLUME I d 1966 TO 1974

A

4

Minot Simons II

T

his beautifully illus trated book is a celebration of the rich heritage of women 's gymnas tics during the period 1966 to 1974, w hen the older gymnas ts of former times gave way to a younger generation w hich brought with them a n ew approach to the sp ort.

Firs t in a series of four volumes w hich w ill describe the history of women's gymnastics throu gh 1996, Volume I contains 82 color an d 95 black and w hite photographs, a total of 177 pictures!

In its 432 p ages, Volume I covers the Mexico and Munich Olympics, the World and European Championships of the p eriod and competitions such as the 1973 University Gam es.

USA Gymnas tics asked author Minot Simon s II to comment on h is mo tivation fo r writing and d escribe the scope and contents of the four volume series .

Simons' Comments I star ted w riting this book because I did n ot think the story of women 's gymnas tics was bein g told as I thou ght it should be. If tod ay's splendid gym nas tics periodicals had been doing as well 20 years ago as they are n ow, I might never have s tarted. Still, there' s one thing they all suffer from-lack of space. There's never room fo r an in-depth s tory. Th ey are so involved w ith their regular features that they have n o room for the kind of detail I went into in Volume 1. It was won derful to be able to w rite as much as I thought the story needed. After completing the 432 p ages of Volume I, I was finally satisfied . Even so, m y wonderful d esigner, Valerie Taylor, would sometimes say, "No Minot, you just can ' t w rite an other word! " Except M unich, the s tories in Volume I h ad never been w ri tten before. Glenn Sundby in his early d ays h ad neither the money n or the w riters to do the job on the 1968 Olympics . He did w ell in the 1972 Olympics w ith Dick Criley's detailed coverage, but could only give p artial coverage to th e 1970 World Champion ships in Ljubljana and h ad to miss the 1974 World Championships in Varna. Even though I a ttended the 1974 Championships, I did not know en ough about gymnastics then to cover it p rop erly. It took m e several years observing workouts through the kindness of the Kips, the Scats, and Verdugo to learn the rudiments of the sp ort; then the h ours spent in fro nt of the TV transcribing ro utines h oned m y ability still further. Even so, I need ed the help and corrections of m y fr iend, Joanne Pasqu ale, well-known brevet judge, to offer a verifiable s tory.

M unich hooked me on wo men's gymnas tics . Within three weeks of watching Olga and Ludmilla on television, I was enrolled in Russian at UCLA Ex tension . I h ave stu died Russian at varying intensities of application since then. The main ben efit of the s tu dy h as been the ability to read an d translate articles in Soviet publica-

tions. Without being a ble to d o this, the biogra phies of Soviet gymnasts, for example, w ould not h ave been possible.

The biographies were one of m y main interests, I wanted to pierce the veil of Soviet secrecy and learn a bout the person behind the gymnas t. Fortunately, in the 20 years since Munich, much w as written in Soviet and now Russian p eriodicals, some of it by the gymnas ts. In addition, I h ave fo und willing collaborators among Russian w riters.

The lives of gymnas ts became m ore interesting w ith the p assage of time. Cathy Rigby McCoy and Karin Janz, are more interesting now than they were in 1972. Ver a Caslavska's life since Mexico is a fascination in itself. It was also moving to read about the unhappy p ost-gymnas tics lives of Zinaida Voronina and Tam ar!

Lazakovich . '" In w riting Women's Gymnas tics a history, I wanted the stories to be in such d etail that people could turn to the various volumes, read the n arratives and the rou tines, and find ou t w ho was there,

February 1996 T ECHNIQUE

Book Review

what they did and how well they did it. I followed this pattern for all the m ajor competitions. While people were reading about the competitions, they could view the pictures and the diagrams. Then they could read the biographies of the stars. In short, I wanted to make it a book of record.

One other objective is that the books should always be available so that future gymnasts will be able to learn about their heritage.

As Kathy Johnson observed in her endorsement of the book, "My belief is tha t to fully appreciate w h(;re we are, it is important to know whence we can1e."

Volume II will continue to fill the gaps in what h as been reported so far. One such gap is the 1980 Moscow Olympics, w hich no one covered. I obtained a tape of the finals from Moscow TV and analyzed the routines as I h ave others. I translated the s tories from the n ewspaper Sovietsky Sport. I have already interviewed Bela Karolyi and Nelli Kim and will interview other gymnasts who where there. In addition, I will pay appropriate attention to those American gymnasts who were unable to compete in the 1980 Olympics.

Volume II will provide biographies of Nadia Comaneci and Nelli Kim, taking each of their stories from their earliest beginnings up to the present. Many articles have been written about both of them, but Volume II will treat them in one condensed, coherent form, taking into consideration both their achievements and their personal lives.

Additionally, Volume IT will offer an opportunity to write about Marcia Frederick, om first world championship gold medalist, and about Rhonda Schwandt, w ho won the vault gold medal in the Moscow Tews competition in the same year. Ensming that such great gymnasts ""ill not be forgotten is one of the rewarding aspects of this work.

In the same vein, Volume III will contain not only the story of the 1984 Olympics, but also that of the competition in Olomouc, Czechoslovakia, involving those countries that did not participate in the Los Angeles Olympics. Just as our gymnasts missed their chance for Olympic gold in 1980, so did Olga Mostepanova, Maxi Gnauck, and others from the socialist bloc countries in 1984. At least they should be honored in print.

I began my research in 1986, intending the work to be a single book. As it progressed, I realized it would be too big for one volume. Consequently, I divided it into four. The first volume would cover the period 1966 to 1974; the second, 1975 to 1980; the third, 1981 to 1988; and the fourth, 1989 to 1996. Since this d ecision was made only recently, much of the material for the subsequent volumes has alread y been written. Meanwhile, I contacted all the well-known publishers, but they turned it down as being either not in their field of interest or as p art of a market they considered too small. I believed in the possibilities of the book, however, and resolved to publish it m yself.

One advantage of self-publishing is that of retaining control of the book. I could select the pictures, including the cover pictures, determine in what d etail the text w ould be written, choose the paper it would be printed on, decide whether the cover would be hard or soft and, in general, what the book w ill look like. A publisher wou Id have made all these decisions. The result is a book that is exactly as I wanted it.

So far, it has been well received .

Minot Simons II Jnnu ary 16, 1996

Order Information You may order copies of the book by supplying the following: name, address, phone number, and ch eck, or charge card information . If you choose to charge, please provide account number, date of expiration, name on the account, type of card, and a signature. Please m ake check or m oney ord er payable to Welwyn Publishing Company. Address:

p.o. Box 222475 Carmel, CA 93922-2475 e-mail: welwwyn@aol . com An order can also be placed as a FAX, and charged to yo ur VISA or MASTERCARD. The FAX number is: (408) 624-5294 The price of the book is $35. California residents add $2.19 sales tax.

Shipping and handling: US, including Alaska and Hawaii: Book rate-$4.25; First Class (airmail)-$6.50. Canada Book rate-$6.25; Air mail$9.50. All other international: Book rate - $6.50. For international air mail, FedEx or other express service, please contact Welwyn Publishing Company.

Now there is a way for you to see the book on the Internet!

The web site is: http : // www . welwyngymbook .com On the Internet, you can see w hole pages, photographs, and diagram s. There you can preview som e of the photos and narratives from major competitions of the period. You will see a biography page and two of the diagrams taken from the Code of Points.

HIRING HEAD CO . Lakeside . I/tCH, INSTRUCTORS gIrls ages 7_/; fa l11e sUmmer Ca . s tudents th . Complete mp. Live Wi th with dance r~ugh advanc~J1 Nissen equip' care for, teach developm e~ t rogram 's com ' ymnas tics sh ment. Beginner of USAG f , measurabl pulSory, Opt' OWs cOmb ' Com undament ead vancem JOnal skills l11ed ch 'ldPUlsolY levels 路 bal,OPtional sk 'll ent,Jnteres t Kn promote 1 reno Sel ,a IlJty to d I S; practic l ' OWledge esSential. Co]!ee of fun, lOve of: n110lnstrate, spo~. dknoWledge of Oppo 路 t 路 ge soph 11 drel ' eSIre t ties 1 UnIty to teac om ores and .1~ substan tial 0 each M .6/16-8/22 N h other athl . up, l11ternsh' matunty etIcs assachUsetts 02 on-smokers K , arts Wat lJjS aVailable 090-0307; (6i7)1~6Pewa, B~x 30;1' /~~nt acti vi_' 2-8291. ' yvestwood,

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

9

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AS

Announcements

~ I

I

lOR OLYMPIC

RHYTHM:~=IONSHIPS GROUP

.

Championships will . . OlympIC Group Illinois. Please . c 1un101 s Grove, t The Rhyt1"I.ml J 1996 in Downer .

Hice to requ es October 12-13, USA GymnastlCS 0 be h eld b 11 at the call Nor~ Camp 7~237-5050) Thank you. iciorrnatlOn. (31

o

A 6

PETITION BIDS

RHYTHMIC CO~ "",.,t'" ,vef~: '~:i:i~,~~';9t~~ nc

st Rhythn y vents open "Bids to ~-;ing accepted. E April/May are now. . is. followIng: OlympiC Chamt)1onshl'~Ying competitl~~~hedule) . JunIor 0 en Qua 1 n Natl ona "I./western "'~ y (depends 0 october Eas ten early lV,a pionships d in up Cham . d form foun . r OlympiC Gro mplete the bl d return it to should cO d policies an . JunlO d persons R les an L' e lntereste. GymnastiCS ~ mnastiCS ObiC . the Rhythm~ell at the USA y Nora CamP

L

WOMEN'S TECHNICAL CLARIFICATIONS I.

The following technical questions have been clarified: A. Uneven Bar Clarification: If a Cast Handstand with

release-hop to reverse grip in handstand phase is performed followed by a turn (in or after handstand), it is still considered to be ONE ELEMENT. Therefore, a cast handstand-hop in handstand with a 1/2 turn in handstand is ONE "C" element and is not eligible for Special Connection bonus.

B.

::M,~Mf5~:=:::1l0yt.YMPIC WOllKSHOP

Due to time Constrain Compulsory Work ts, .thero. Rl1ythmicG .

Championshi s. T~hop wIll not be held at th:mn~stIcsGroup Congress in B~ston ~WorkShop will be held ins{un IOr Olympic pulsory routines ~ill ~omprehensive introducti~ad at the 1996 sesSIOns will be r e held on Thursda J n of the comepeated during the C y, une 27. Certain ongress, June 28-30.

II.

Balance Beam Clarification: Wolf Jump (Tuck jump/ hop with one leg extended forward at horizontal) with 3/4 turn was evaluated by the USAG-WTC and is presently listed in the Jr. Olympic Element Supplement as a "C" part #2.323. However, at the 1995 USA Championships and the 1995 World Championships, this element was submitted and was evaluated as a "0," if performed to the technical requirements (leg at horizontal, turn complete). Therefore, EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY, this element will receive "0" credit at all USAG competitions (Elite & Jr. Olympic). The new number for the Element Supplement is S-2.413.

USAG Judges' Fee Structure Travel Expenses: Please be advised that the standard IRS rate for mileage has been increased from 30 cents per mile to 31 cents per mile. This new rate is in effect IMMEDIATELY.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

JOIN USA GYMNASTICS ONLINE! USA GYMNASTICS has joined with DELPHI in a great new partnership. USA Gymnastics Online! is the new DELPHI Custom Service offering you the world of gymnastics through your computer and modem.

In addition to USA Gymnastics Online!, you can access DELPHI itself, and explore the Internet.

Join USA Gymnastics Online! now and get 5 hours of evening or weekend access to tryout the Internet for free!

Use DELPHI's Internet mail to exchange messages with over 10 million people at universities, companies and other online services such as CompuServe and MCI Mail.

Download programs and files using FTP or connect in rea l-tim e to other networks using Telnet!

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It's all yours when you "hook up" to USA Gymnastics Online and Delphi .

It's easy to sign up, and even easier to get online once you've signed up, through more than 600 local access telephone numbers nationwide. Explore it all from the comfort of your own computer.

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Yo u'll be amazed by what you discover!

5-HOUR FREE TRIAL! Dial By Modem 1-800-365-4636 Press Return 3 or 4 times At Password, enter GYMNASTICS Free time must be used on even ings and/or weekends Some restrictions apply.

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Questions? Call 1-800-695-4005.

USA Gymnastics' online address for electronic mail is USGF.

1995 Budgetlnvitalional

(uS;\/UKR) Women's Training Footage you can't see on TV! This 2

hour video offers an up·close look at top level athletes as they train for international competition. Features all competitors from the USA and Ukraine teams, including: Amy Chow, Dominique Dawes, Alexis Brion, Jomie Dantzscher, Gail Kachura (USA), Anna Mirgordskaya, Oksano Knizhnik, Svetlana Zelepoukina (U KRI. A fantastic tape for serious gymnastics unthusiasts!

#2430 ... . . $14.95

Women's Competition Includes BONUS Music Viduo!! This

1 hour and 15 minute video shows every routine from this international competition. Features all competitors from the USA and Ukraine teams, including: Amy Chow, Dominique Dawes, Alexis Brion, Jamie Dantzscher, Gail Kachura (USA), Anna Mirgordskaya, Oksana Knizhnik, Svetlana Zelepoukina (UKRI. # 2431 ..... $14.95

Dominique Dawes, Shannon Miller, Jaycie Phelps, Dominique Moceanu, Mina Kim, Vanessa Atler, Alexis Brion, Jamie Dantzscher, Kaifie Dyson ... and many, many more! A must-have video! #2451 ..... $24.95 1995 Jr. National Testing

1995 ;\merican (up

1995-91 Women's level 10

Seottle, Wosh. Prelims & Finals. #2246 ..... $19.95

Judges Training Video and text of deductions for level 10 VT, UB, BB & FX. Routines are shown lirst in real time, then in slow motion and freeze frame to illustrate deductions. #2453 ..... $19.95

RHYTHMIC 1995 RSG Jr. Olympi£

Championships.

LevelS 2 tapes (2:401 # 2371 .... . $19.95 2 tapes (2:401 # 2372 . . .. . $19.95

Championships Women's Training Tapes 1 & 2

1995 RSG Senior National

Footage you can't see on TV! Includes BONUS Music Video!! This 4

hour and 25 minute video offers an up-close look at top junior and senior elite gymnasts as they train for a spot on the U.S. National Team!

Features athletes from the USA, including:

Championships.

Jacksonville, Fla. Sr. Prelims & All-Around.

Camcorder footage taken from the stands.

3 tapes (4:151 # 2373 ... $24.95

r--------------------------------------, To order any USAGymnastics merchondhe presented in this issue, please complete this order form.

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DESCRIPTION

1995 Winter Cup Challenge

Three SlP format tapes featuring EVERY routine, compulsories and optionals, all divisions! Features 011 competitors including: John Roethlisberger, Chainey Umphrey, Chris Waller, Jair lynch, Trent Dimos, Josh Stein, Brian Yee and many more!

Camcorder footoge token from the stands. # 2245 ..... $19.95

QUANT!TY

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USA GYMNASTICS IOCKERROOM PO BOX SS62, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 4625S·5S62 1-800-4-USA-GYM

USA GYMNASITCS

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SHIPPING & HANDLING: ct:95mWtl:il Ibl SlSIID1SiiJ,OOsililOlnI!lJSicr:lS'~il.c,) i!

IN RES!DINTS ADD S% SALES TAX TOTAL AMOUNT PAYABLE 1196

Arie01o-v: Body Alignment and Tony Gel101an: Conditioning for Women's Gymnastics

(2 hoursl #2439 ...... . $19.95

1995

~Fgll3~r

Catch the lectures of the year! Don't miss seuing these captivating talks by the nation's top coaches and gymnastics professionals. More educational than Mardi Gras!

Mary Lee T ra£ey: Athlete and Staff Motivation (l hourI

Steve Nunno: Planning To Win (1 hourI

#2433 . . .. . $12.95

hourI # 2446 . . ... $12.95

# 2452 . $12.95

S~ND ORD~RS

# 2447 ..... $12.95 Double Features Ta0101Y Biggs & Vladitnir

Straight from Mar Del Plato, Argentina: Men's Preliminaries and linals. See the U.S. men's' team triumph! Camcorder footage taken from the stands. # 2247 .. . .. $19.95

Peter Vid01ar: Dedication and Goals (1 hourI

AND MAK~ CH~CKS PAYABI~ 10:

Muriel Grossfeld, T a0101Y Biggs & Roe Kreutzer: Developing Elites (l hourI

1995 Pan i\rneric:an Garnes

Bela Karolyi: Secrets of Successful Coaching (l

S1GNATURE

!HM #

MEN'S

#2432 . .... $12.95

PHOIII

AMRm __________________________________________ _

(HAIG[:

Championships.

Jacksonville,Fla. Jr. Prelims & All-Around.

Camcorder footage taken from the stands.

2 tapes (3: 151 # 2374 .. $19.95

Oakland, Calif. Routines, Elements & Training Camp. (1: 121 # 2470 .. . .. $10.00

Level 7

1995 Coca-Cola National

1995 RSG Junior National

Mi"e West: Spotting Basic Tumbling and Ste-ve Nunno: Tumble-Trak Drills

(2 hoursl #2448 ..... $19.95 T 001 Lenzini: So, Coaches, You Think You Want To Own Your Own Gym? and Jeff Lulla: Developing Effective Advertising and Public Relations Plans

(2: 15 @ SlP Speed) # 2441 ..... $19.95 Triple Spe£ial Vladimir Memov: The Impartance of nexibility and Conditioning for FX and BB in Relation 10 Skill Performance and Bryon Houg"': Basic Unavun Bar Progressions amI Drills and Darla Franz: Balam:e Beam Progressions and Drills

(3: 15 @ SlP Speed I # 2449 .. $24.95

Sports Science

KEEPING UP IN THE WORLD OF SPORT SCIENCES tt

Mark R. Hutchinson, M.D. Team Physician, USA Gymnastics Rhythmic Group

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SAGymnaStiCSand and long term health problems, has been extrapolated from its medical team especially if proper nutritional studies related to cholesterol on have been making intake is not being assured. Dr. patients at risk of h eart disease. every effort to stay Dan Benardot, Team Nutrition- These studies simply do not on the cutting edge of sports ist for USA Gymnastics, h as apply to the yo ung, athletic, medicine and sports sciences to developed an inexpensive and gymnastics population. What is optim..ize the performance ofthe simple technique to measure more important is that w hen athletes as well as ensure safe percentage body fat in elite these athletes are training, they participation in sports. Recently rhythmic gymnasts. He mea- maintain an overall caloric inthe International Olympic Com- sures the gymnast's height, take that correlates with their mittee (IOC) Medical Commis- weight, and su prailiac skin fold. dail y needs and energy expension hosted the Third IOC The data is entered into a for- ditures. This will prevent them World Congress on Sport Sci- mula which is highly correlated from breaking down muscle and ences in Atlanta. The congress to other expensive high-tech actually reducing their perforis traditionally held prior to the ways to measure body fat. mance. summer Olympic games in the If body fat percentage falls host city. Participants include below 11.4%, then the athlete is sports scientists and sports at increased risk of inJ'ury and Sport psyc h i' 1 d 0 ogy mc u es medicine professionals from should be carefully screened for issues such as motivation, anxiaround the world. The congress other health problems. is a forum for Body Fat % = Suprailiac Skin Fold (1.976) - Height (0.0576) - Weight (0.1586) + 5.56 sharing the mos t recent scientific know lIt has been universally ac- ety, burnout, emotions, and atedge and ideas in the field of cepted that maintaining adtitudes regarding training and sports sciences. This article w ill equate hydration is essential to competition. If the gymnast is provide some practical advice optimizing performance and not mentally prepared for comregarding various aspects of health in any activity that takes petition, he/she will not persports sciences including nutri- longer than an hour. During form optimally. Abdel-Wahab tion, psychology, injuries and intense training, water breaks EI Naggar of Saudi Arabia feels prevention, training and biome- should be taken whenever the that a thletes have a wide range chanics, special issues in junior athlete is thirsty and at least of pre-competition anxiety and athletes and female a thle tes. The every 20 minutes. Thirst h as zone of optiomal functioning. following are condensed from been shown to be a late, relaWhen the a thlete performs at variou s presentations, speakers, tively poor indicator of hydratheir level of optiomal functionand meetings of the congress. tion status. A more controver- ing, their performance is imsial issue has been exactly what proved. Likewise, being too the athlete is eating; high pro- anxious or not anxious enough Optimal nutrition plays a key tein, high carbohydrate, and low may diminish performance. role in the performance and suc- fat diets have all been consid- Therefore, each athlete should cess of gymnasts w hether rec- ered beneficial. Dr. David assess his/her individual zone reational or elite. Indeed nutri- Pendergrast of the State Uni- of optimal functioning. Once tional princi pies are versity of New York, and Dr. defined, he should make an asfundamental to the gymnast's Christine Clark of Penn State sessment of his anxiety level two overall health and well-being. University, argue that fats are a days prior to competition in In gYl1mastics, and especially great source of energy and may comparison to his optimal zone. rhythmic gymnastics, the em- not be as bad as the general If he/ she is too anxious, then phasis on low body fat and public has been lead to believe. relaxation skills are instituted. weight can lead to both short Most of the "bad press" on fats If he/ she is not anxious enough,

Psychology

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Nutrition

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

then they should make efforts to increase focus and intensity.

Interestingly, the level of anxiety felt by the athlete may flow over into their expressions during performance which in turn may effect their success.

Dr. Dieter Hackfort of Germany argues that there are no good or bad emotions, yet how the athlete displays or expresses these emotions can effect the athlete's performance and scores. Dr. Hackfort has performed "expression monitoring" on numerous a thletes and correlated their performance. Ideally, the athletes should be evaluated by coaches prior to the event to assure that the expressions being displayed during performance are positive.

Iniuries and Prevention Perhaps the most unwelcome news for any coach is that one of his/her athletes has been injured . Beyond the obvious concerns regarding the acu te injury and the health of the athle te, injury reduces the a thlete's ability to train, decreases their optimal performance, and could have long term ramifications.

Finding ways to prevent injuries and avoid unwanted delays or complications is therefore quite important. William Garrett of Duke University notes three factors that place muscles and tendons at risk of strains, fatigue weakness, and prior injury to the muscle. In contrast, he has shown quite scientifically that warm-up, acute stretching, and chronic stretching helps to prevent in-

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Sports Science

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jury. Therefore, to d ecrease the incidence of muscle strain injuries in gymnasts, they should be participating in a regular stretching program prior to p erformance to warm-up the muscles and stretch out the tendons. Indeed they should be performing routine stretching throughout training to provide conditioning of the muscles and chronic stretching of the tendons. Finally, any muscle or muscle group that has had previous injury should have special emphasis to avoid reoccurrence.

move to quickly, the injured gymnast may be jostled leading to permanent injury. Every coach and trainer who deals with gymnasts that use a foam pit should review this video made available through the USOC in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Junior Athletes In a number of sports including gymnastics, children and young athletes train to a similar extent and intensity as adults.

These high mechanical demands are accompanied by a lesser ability to withstand stress in some structures. The cartilaginous growth plates in the spine and extremities are especially weak areas. Lyle Micheli of Boston correlates the increased number of injuries in young athletes not so much to the demands of the specific sport and actually playing but rather the systemic repetitive training required to excel in organized sports. The repetitive training leads to overuse injuries secondary to overstress. In general, pain in children has a cause that should be identified and treated . Children are rarely malingerers. Micheli also notes a second important factor associated with sports injuries in children ...the actual growth pro-

Unfortunately, injuries will occasionally occur. Fortunately, catastrophic injuries are quite rare . Coaches, athletes, and trainers should nonetheless always be ready to assist in case such an event should occur. The United States Olympic Committee (usOC) Sports Medicine Division has created a video discussing and displaying the proper technique for removing an injured athlete from a gymnastics pit. Foam pits can create significant obstacles when trying to safely remove an athlete with a suspected neck injury.

Bob Beeten of the USOC Sports Medicine Division emphasizes getting a lot of help . When getting into the pit, you mus t move slowly, deliberately, and methodically. If you jump in or

cess itself. As growth occurs in bones, the muscles and tendons that span the bones and joints become tighter until they gradually elongate themselves The tightness leads to reduced flexibility and an increased risk of injury. During rapid periods of growth, intensity of training should be reduced and specific slow stretching exercises begun in order to prevent injury.

Female Athletes As the population of women participating in organized sports has grown over the past 20 years, so has the interest regarding the problems peculiar to the female athlete. Every coach and athletic trainer that works with female athl e te should be aware of the" female athlete triad" of anorexia, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis.

Barbara Drinkwater of Seattle, Washington, argues that while exercise is important for athletic female athletes to prevent osteoporosis, it is more important for these women to have regular menses and normal cycling hormones. In the absence of normal menses, osteoporosis is more likely. All female athletes who have not begun regular menses by age 16 should be evaluated b y a physician.

Coaches can playa key role in

emphasizing appropriate nutrition and not just body weight to avoid disordered eating. If concerns arise regarding "the female athlete triad," early referral to a physician can avoid problems later.

Scientific studies regarding female athletes including training has lagged behind similar studies in males. Barry Brown of the University of Arkansas demonstrated that female athletes could increase their explosive power d emonstrated in vertical leap by a designed protocol that would release neural inhibitions. Specifically, the athlete was asked to jump and grasp a basketball which was placed one inch below there maximum vertical jump. The ball was raised when the athlete was able to grasp the ball 10 times in a row (group 1) or 20 out of40 attempts (group 2). He found that while both groups improved their ability to jump, group 2 did better. He argued that the second technique allowed athletes to release neural inhibitions by not worrying so much about a single failure. This can eaSily be translated to other training techniques by asking the athlete to perform satisfactorily a majority of the time rather than all of the time before they advance to the next level.

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1996 Congress

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BOSTON

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MASSACHUSETTS

JUNE 28·30

IIl1A GYMNASTICS

Convention Center. There isa convenient subway station located at Copley Place, connecting to AMTRAK and Logan International Airport. The Marriott features 1,147 guestrooms and suites, indoor pool, health club with exercise room, whirlpool, saunas, and game room. Hotel restaurants include Gourme/i's, an upscale family restaurant and Bel/o Mondo, featuring the finest in Northern Italian cuisine. For a great place to watch sports and enjoy the best burgersin Boston, try Champions, The American Sports Bar. Reservations: 617-236-5800 Cut-off date: June 6

EXHIBITION HALL

Rates: $125 for single/double, S10 for each additional person

The Exhibit Hall, located in the Hyne' s Convention Center, will provide Congress attendees with the opportunity to see the latest and the best in equipment. apparel, and services.

The Copley Plaza, AWyndham Hotel

THE FACTS Host City: Boston, Mass.

Congress Dates: Pre-Congress Sessions· June 27 Congress Sessions · June 28-30 Post Congress Sessions · July 1 1996 U.S. Olympic Trials· June 25-30 Artistic Trials· June 27-30 Rhythmic Trials · June 25-26

CONGRESS RATES AND REGISTRATION DATES $150.00 Pre-registration $175.00 On-Site No pre-registration after MAY 3l.

After MAY 31, you must register onsite.

Non-Members $235.00

CONGRESS HOTELS The Copley Connection is a joint venture of world class hotels and an outstanding shopping facility. The Westin Hotel Copley Place, the Boston Marriott Copley Place, and The Copley Place Shopping Galleries are all under one roof. For the 1996 USA Gymnastics Congress, these ~o hotels will be joined by the adlacent Copley Plaza to house Congress attendees. The Congress sessions will be conducted atthe Hynes

Convention Center that is connected directly to the Copley Place Shopping Galleries.

The Westin Hotel, Copley Place Boston 10 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02116-5798 The contemporary Westin Hotel, Copley Place Boston is located in the city's charming and fashionable back bay, considered to be Boston 's finest location. The hotel is linked via skybridge to the upscale. Copley Place Shopping Galleries, the new Prudential Center Fashion Court, and the Hynes Convention Center. Eight hundred newly renovated guestrooms and suites offer breathtaking views of Boston. Sample some of Boston's favorite restaurants within the Westin Hotel. Enjoy TurnerFisheries Bar & Restaurant, known for its outstanding fresh seafood and New England's number one, award winning clam chowder.

Reservations: Central reservations' 800-228-3000' Direct reservations: .617-262 -9600' Cut-off date: May 31 Rates: $129 for single/double

Boston Marriott, Copley Place 110 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02116 At Copley Place, in the heart of Boston's Back Bay area, the Boston Marriott is linked to the Hyne' s

PRESENTATIONS The biggest and the best! Watch Technique for more specific information on the Congress schedule, presenters, and topics. Sessions will be conducted at the beautiful John B. Hyne's Convention Center. The Hynes will provide a modern, elegant. highly flexible environment for the annual Congress. Sessions will feature informative speakersdiscussing club business, technique and sport science, preschool/developmental, judges training, and other areas of interest. Sessions will also include men's, women's, and rhythmic areas.

138 St. James Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02116-5071 The Copley Plaza, affectionately known as the "Grande Dame " of Boston is also located in the historic Back Bay. Recent restoration has returned this majestic hotel to its original grandeur.

Fe?turing 373 beautifully appOinted guest rooms and suites furnished with period antiques, Concierge, Cristaldi's Beauty Salon, and an on-site fitness center. Enjoy gourmet New England fare at its finest in the sophisticated Plaza Dining Room or Copley's Restaurantfor the best steak in town.

Reservations: 800-822-4200 Cut-off date: May 26 Rates: $149 for single/double

1996 U.S. OLYMPIC TEAM TRIALS America's top gymnasts will be making magic June 25-30 during the 1996 U.S. Olympic Gymnastics Trials in Boston. This nationally televised competition will determine which gymnastics hopefuls are going to compete in Atlanta. It promises to be a week of drama, passion, and perfection. A week to remember and you can experience the excitement. All of it-live and in person. You' ll want to attend and see firsthan?, .some of the most impor: t?nt ~rtlStiC and Rhythmic competitions In a gymnast's life.

ARTISTIC TRIALS June 27-30

When making reservations, USA Gymnastics is listed in the hotel reservation systems as "USA Gym Congress"

CONGRESS REGISTRATION INFORMATION Congress Registration forms, Congress "Add-on" information and forms, and the tentative Congress Schedule are included on pages 13, 15,170fthisissue.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

RHYTHMIC TRIALS June 25-26 For more information about ordering tickets, please call the Massachusetts Sports Partnership at 617443-4909. Please do not call USA Gymnastics regarding Trials tickets.

The 1996 U.S. Olympic Trials-Gymnastics is offered by USA Gymnastics and the Massachusetts Sports Partnership.

1996 Congress

1996 CONGRESS AND U.S. OLYMPIC TRIALS SCHEDULE No te: The follo w ing schedule is tentative and subject to change. This is offered to illustrate how these two exciting events w ill be coordinated. Futu re issues of Techniqu e will include more specific information regarding Presenters, topics, Congress, add-on sessions, and much more!

Times

I TUESDAY,

Congress Activities

Times

Competition Sessions

7:00-9:30 pm

Rhythmic Trials Session #1

7:00-9:30 pm

Rhythmic Trials Session #2

JUNE 25

I WEDNESDAY, Allday 2:00-6:30 pm Evening

I THURSDAY, Allday 8:00 am-1 :00 pm 8:30 am-1 :30 pm 9:00 am-6:00 pm 10:00 am-7:00 pm 1:00--3:00 pm 1:00-5:00 pm 2:00-6:30 pm 1:00-8:00 pm 6:00-10:00 pm

JUNE 26

RSG Congress KAT Workshop #l. Pt. 1 Congress Registration Desk open

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13

Congress "Add-on " sessions: RSG Congress ' Exhibition set-up (decorator's) KAT Workshop #l. Pt. 2 PDP II: ASEP Sport Principles Co Registration Desk open PDP-I: Video Clinic and PDP I r::.",rviInA,ont:"Q', Safety Course #1 KAT Workshop #2, Pt. 1 Exhibition set-up (exhibitor's) Rhythmic Judge Course - Level 5

Men 's Compulsories

FRIDAY, JUNE 28 7:00 am-7:00 pm 8:00-11 :00 am 8:15-9:15 am 9:30-10:30 am 11 :00 am-12 noon 12:00-6:00 pm 12:00-1:15 pm 1:30-2:30 pm 2:45-3:45 pm 3:00-7:00 pm 4:00-5:00 pm

I SATURDAY, 7:00-2:00 pm 8:00-9:00 am 8:00-11 :30 am 9:00 am-3:00 pm 9:15-1 0: 15 am 10:30-11 :30 am 11 :30 am- 12:45 pm 12:45-1 :45 pm 2:00-3:00 pm 7:30 pm 7:45 pm 8:00:9:30 pm 9:00 pm 9: 15 pm- 12:00 am

I SUNDAY,

Registration Desk open Exhibition Hall set-up (exhibitor' )

SAG YMNAS TI(S

CONGRESS

Congress #1) Congress Sessions Sessions (Round (Round #2) Congress GENERAL SESSION Exhibition Hall Open LUNCH BREAK 1 9 9 6 Congress Sessions (Round #3) B 0 5 ton . Mass . • J u n e 2 8 - 3 0 Congress Sessions (Round #4) .

Level 6 RSG Judges course and Level 7/8 Congress Sessions (Round #5) 6:00-9:00 pm

Women's Compulsories

JUNE 29 Registration Desk Open Congress Sessions (Round #6) Level 5 Judges Exhibition Hall Open Congress Sessions (Round #7) Congress Sessions (Round #8) L U N C H B REA K Congress Sessions (Round #9) Congress Sessions (Round # 10) Doors open for Ceremony of Honors Ceremony of Honors video presentation Ceremony of Honors Doors open to Banquet area USAG Annual Banquet

4:00-6:30 pm

Men 's Optionals

5:30-10:00 pm

Women's Optionals (live N)

JUNE 30

8:30-11 :30 am 9:00 am-3:00 pm 9:15am 9:15-1O:15am 10:30-1 1:30 am 11:30am-1:00pm 1:00-2:00 pm 2:15-3:15 pm 3:30-4:30 pm 3:00-9:00 pm

Registration Desk Open Exhibition Hall Open Rhythmic Judges Certification tests (all levels) Congress Sessions (Round # 11) Congress Sessions (Round # 12) LUNCH BREAK Congress Sessions (Round # 13) Congress Sessions (Round #14) Congress Sessions (Round #15) Exhibitor tear-down

MONDAY, JULY 1 9:00 am-1 :00 pm 8:30 am-1 :30 pm 9:00 am- 12 noon 9:00-10:30 am

9

DEPARTURES •••

Safety Course #2 KAT Workshop #2-Pt. 2 PDP Levell Video Clinic Women's State Evaluator Examination

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

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1996 Congress

CONGRESS COSTS PROFESSIONAL MEMBERS

USA GYMNASTI (S

Early registration: (postmarked by May 31, 1996) $150 .

On-site registration: $175

NON.-MEMBERS $235

CONGRESS

-

B os ton, Mass. _ Jun e 28-30

, 996 PRE-REGISTRATION FORM COMPLETE ONE CONGRESS FORM PER PERSON-YOU MAY PHOTOCOPY FORM FOR ADDITIONAL CONGRESS REGISTRATIONS

Your Professional Address (listed in the USA Gymnastics Pro-member database) will be used for all . correspondence.

Name ________________________________________________________ Social Security No. _________________________________________________ USAG Pro# _____________________________

o

Exp, Date ___________

Change my Pro-address to:

Mailing Address ________________________________________________ City ___________________________

Zip _ _ _ _ ___

State _ __

Name of Club Program _____________________________________________ Day Phone ____________________

Night Phone ______________________

JUNE 14 NO PRE-REG ISTRATION AFTER

MAY31 AFTER

MAY31 YOU MUST REGISTER ON-SITE ,

NO EXCEPTIONS

PAYMENT MAKE CHECK/MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO USA GYMNASTICS

$__________-'

Amount Enclosed Charge to:

, I -

o o

Fee includes: One credential for entrance to Congress sessions and master clinics on Friday morning through Sunday afternoon, Entrance to the Exhibit Hall featuring the industry's finest products, One ticket to the Final Congress Banquet. (Additional Banquet tickets for spouses/guests are $50 each-available at registration).

The annual Ceremony of Honors,

TO ORDER TICKETS TO THE U.S. OLYMPIC TEAM TRIALS ...

Please call the Massachusetts Sports Partnership at:

617-443-4909 Please do not call USA Gymnastics regarding Trials tickets.

Minimum age for Congress registration is 16.

REGISTRATION IS NON-REFUNDABLE AFTER

CONGRESS COSTS

Visa Discover

o o

Mastercard American Express

Card No. _ _______________________________ Exp, Date ________________________________ Signature (required) __________________________

(rlOA

GYMNASTICS T296 February 1996

Please return this registration form to:

USA Gymnastics Congress Pan American Plaza, Suite 300 20 1 S, Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225 TECHNIQUE

MSP reports that ticket sales are very heavy, order your tickets now!

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Disl:o'Ver tLe knowledge to produl:e Lappy and LealtLy atLletes!

Helping Athletes witt.

Eating Disorders Thompson, R.A. and Sherman, R.T.• 1993 • Hard covel' • Human Kinetics * 194 pages. This book provides a

practical, sensitive and therapeutic approach to treating athletes with eating disorders.

This guide thoroughly examines all aspects of eating disorders in athletes, from diagnosis to education and prevention. A

Coa«:t.es Guide to Nutrition and W eigt.t Control

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1990 • Eisenman • Paper· 192 pages.

Good nutrition allows ath· letes to maintain energy levels during training and safely regulate their ratio of fat and leanweight. Apractical sports nutrition guide that translates the sciences of physiology, bio-chemistry, and nutrition into easily applied information. Includes an excellent chapter on the signs of eating disorders. #17 . . . . .. .... . .. . ... . . $22.00

AtMete's Coold.ool< 1995· Paper • Masters Press • 224 pages. Edited by

Michelle Dussere, a nutritionist and 1984 Olympian, this clearly-written guide offers complete nutritional information and "insider" advice from world-class gymnasts. Shannon Miller, Dominique Dawes, Mary Lou Retton, and

r----------------------------------------------, To order any UIA Gymnostics merchandise presented in this issue, please complet. this order form.

USA. GYMN"-STICS ORDER FORM IIAME ____________________________ _

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GYDlDasli(;s: A Guide for Parents and AtMetes 1992 • Paper· Feanay· 171 pages.

An excellent book for beginners as well as experienced gymnasts.

Contains information to guide parents and athletes in choosing a gymnastics program that will best suit their needs. Provides pertinent information on safety, conditioning, and the guidelines of the sport.

PRICE

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Portrait of an AtMete 1992 • Paper· Durbin· BB pagas. This book emphasizes the

ideals that make athletes successful in both sports and life. It features advice, motivation, and values that help young people understand what athletics can mean to their future.

The Inner AtMete: Realizing your Fullest Potential 1994· Paper· Millman, D.· Slillpaini Publishing •

SEND ORDERS AND MAKI CHECKS PAYABLI TO: USA GYMNASTICS lOCKIRROOM PO BOX 5562, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46255-5562 T-BOG-4-USA-GYM

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Sports and Stress Therapy: AtMeti«: Ret.aLilitation on Massage, Stret«:J.ing and Strengtt.ening 1994 • Hard Covel' • Shazl"{l, E. and Hanks, J. • Eskay Inc.• 130 pages. This book introduces a

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1 &9 pages. Used worldwide by professional coaches and athletes to coordinate and develop active men and women's physical, mental, and emotional skills. It explains how to empower athletes to

In Pursuit of Euellen«:e: How to Win in Sport and Life tt.rougt.

Mental Training 1990 • Papal' • Orlick .· 20B pagas. Written in an easy-to under-

stand,m instructive style, this second edition of In Pursuit of Excellence is the supplemental text for courses that cover the basic sport psychology techniques. It covers the psychological concepts of concentration, winning, losing, and competing successfully. This highly successful sport performance book by internationally recognized sport psychologist Terry Orlick, has undergone a complete revitalization. Better organized for easier reading, the second edition includes dozens of new examples taken from Orlick's real-life experiences with champion athletes and their coach. #14 . . .. . . .. . . . ... . .... $14.95

1996 Congress

, 996 CONGRESS ADD-ONS REGISTRATION FORM COMPLETE ONE FORM PER PERSON-PLEASE PHOTOCOPY FORM FOR ADDITIONAL REGISTRATIONS

Your Professional Address (listed in the USA Gymnastics Pro-member database) will be used for all correspondence, Name _______________________________________________________________ Social Security No, _______________________________________________________ USAG Pro# ____ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

Exp, Date _ _ _ _ __

o Change my Pro-address 10:

Use this form to register for the 1996 USA Gymnastics Congress tests, examinations, certifications, accreditations, etc.

Day Phone _______________________

State _ _ _

Zip _ _ _ _ _ __

Night Phone _________________________

Check (/ ) appropriate:

Promember

Nonmember

SubTOTAL

Minimum age for Safety Certification is 18,

--.-.-.

USA GYMNASTICS

CONGRESS

1 0 110 n , Mo •• . • June 28· ) 0

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES:

o o

Thursday, 6/27, 1:00 pm-5:00 pm

$75

$100

Monday, 7/ 1, 9:00 am-1 :00 pm

$75

$100

REGISTRATION IS NON-REFUNDABLE AFTER

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (PDP) Levell Grandparent Course Thursday, 6/27, 1:00-3:00 pm Criteria: USAG pro-membership, Safety Certification, and minimum of 4 years coaching/administrative experience, Experience Verification Form (see page 40),

o

Levell Video Clinics Course #l - Thursday, 6/27, 1:00-3:00 pm Course #2-Monday, 7/1, 9:00 am-12 noon

o o

$35

JUNE 14

N/A

NO PRE-REGISTRATION AFTER $10 $10

MAY31

$10 $10

AFTER

USA Gymnastics/ ASEP Coaching Principles Course Note: Course enrollment is limited to 50, First come, first seNe , basis, You MUST pre-register- NO ON-SITEREGISTRATION o Thursday, 6/27, 9:00 am-6:00 pm

MAY31 $70

Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshops Note: Course enrollment is limited to 65, First come, first seNe-NO ON-SITEREGISTRATION, o Course #l - Wednesday, 6/26, 2:00-6:30 pm; and Thursday, 6/27, 8:30 am-1 :30 pm o Course #2-Thursday, 6/27, 2:00-6:30 pm; and Monday, 7/ 1, 8:30 am- 1:30 pm $140 Women's,Program, Skill Evaluator Examination Monday, 7fl , 9:00-10:30 am

o

YOU MUST REGISTER ON-SITE.

$80

NO ON-SITE REGISTRATION FO R

ASEP COACHING PRINCIPLES COURSES OR KAT WORKSHOPS

$160

$9

$15

RHYTHMIC JUDGING COURSES/EXAMS

o o o o

Level 5- Thursday, 6/27, 6:00 -10:00 pm LeveI6-Friday, 6/28, 3:00-7:00 pm LeveI7/8-Friday, 6/28, 3:00-7:00 pm Judging tests (ail levels)- Sunday, 6/30, 9:15-11 :30 am

NO EXCEPTIONS

$30 $50 $30 $5

rr~

TOTAL PAYMENT

GYMNASTICS

MAKE CHECK/ MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO USA GYMNASTICS Amount Enclosed

1 L$ ____________..JI Charge to:

0 Visa

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Discover

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Exp, Date ____ _ __

Signature (required) _ ___________________ _____________ Minimum age for Congress registration is 16.

T296 February 1996

TECHNIQUE

A

17

Mailing Address _________________________________________________________ City _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

9

o

Ptease return this registration form to: USA Gymnas~cs Congress Pan American,Plaza, Suite 300 201S. Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225

Men's Gymnastics

1997 FIG CODE OF POINTS SUMMARY I

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Mike Juszczyk

F

ollowing the FIG-Men's Technical Committee (MTC) meetings in August, the 1997 Code of Points has essentially been finalized. The following is an early look at the significant rules changes for the next cycle. Please keep in mind minor adjustments may be made in subsequent meetings, especially on vault. (version 1.1)

General Information Aand BJury There will be an A and a B jury for all events except vaulting.

The two juries will have separate responsibilities and their respective scores will be added together to arrive at the final score.

1. The A-jury will determine the content of the routine (Diffi-

culty, Special Requirements, and Bonus Points) and will render a Start Value out of 10.0.

2. The B-jury will evaluate the execution (exercise presentation) and submit only the deductions without having seen the Start Value.

A t this time it has not been determined which U.s. com petitions will use this format. This will be decided jOintly between the USA Gymnastics Men's Program, National Gymnastics Judges' Association, and the Men's Program Committee.

Difficulty Requirements The main difficulty requirements have not changed in the 1997 Code of Points.

However, an extra lower difficulty skill can never partially replace a higher difficulty skill. If a routine is missing a D skill and has three C skills, the routine is deducted 0.6 for no D skill. The extra C skill will not partially replace the D skill.

There will be no value raising on Parallel Bars and Horizontal Bar. A combined element with a single value will not be split up or broken down to benefit the gymnast. However, if he fails to complete a combined skill, he will receive credit for what he has successfully shown.

Special Requirements Each event will still require three Special Requirements. Each is still worth 0.4 for a total of 1.2. However, a dismount can never meet a Special Requirement. This may effect Pommel Horse and Parallel Bar routine construction.

Bonus This is the biggest change in the 1997 Code of Points. The bonus category is now worth up to 1.4. The following is a breakdown of the bonus rules: The required D can get bonus Each D = 0.1, each E = 0.2

Connection bonus is unlimited and can be attained at both ends of an element (i.e., C+D+C = 0 .3) No bonus for element or connection with a large error

Exercise Presentation Most of the deductions will remain the same as the 1993 Code of Points.The following are minor changes in the 1997 Code of Points: The deduction table has been modified to eliminate the excessive writing. Each deduction has been replaced with a "+" under the appropriate column to signify the correct deduction. The following are changes in the 1997 Code of Points The reversal of direction deduction has been eliminated

Repetition The repetition rule has changed drastically in the 1997 Code of Points. The following is our current* understanding of how the repetition rule is interpreted: At most, one element may be repeated one time for value and bonus points. Any repetition of any other skill or additional repetition of the original skill, will not receive difficulty or bonus credit.

The appearance of any three identical elements (Code identification numbers) in direct succession will be deducted 0.2 by the B-jury.

For the purpose of repetition, an element with the same Code number is considered the same element. Thus a back tuck, pike, and layout are the same.

If two identical directly connected elements (same Code number) result in a single value (i.e. front salto, front saIto = C), that element (front salto) can only be recognized or used for value or bonus a third time if it is recognized as a separate skill with a different Code number.

For the purpose of repetition, elements will be credited according to their order of appearance in a routine. Thus on Floor Exercise: if a double layout, then two front saltos somewhere in mid-routine, then double layout dismountthe second double layout would receive no value since the one permitted repetition has already been used up by the front saltos. * Our understanding is very fluid, there is still considerable confusion and a wide variety of questions regarding the repetition rule. Hopefully these will be addressed in the near future by the MTC.

Individual Events Floor Exercise 1. Requirements-The forward and backward acro series remains the same. However, the third requirement must be of B value and can be either a one point balance OR a strength hold.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Men's Gymnastics

2. Value raising on Floor Exercise will remain similar to the 1993 Code of Points. The first two elements will combine to form one letter and the third element will be raised one letter if the third skill is at least of C value (i.e., whip back, immediate double back, immediate punch front; D+B, whip back, whip back, immediate double back; C+D). The following are difficulty principals and their application to directly connected saltos: B+B; C B+CorC+B;D

DSA, simple Swiss). When used as a dismount, the Kehr, Czech, back Stockli would only have an A value.

3. Other interpretations: All elements have same Code Number whether performed in flair or circle. â&#x20AC;˘ Elements on leather have the same Code N umber as element on the pommels except four flops on a single pommel (; E on Pommel, D +B on leather). The flop rule is the same as in the 1993 code.

C+C or B+D or D+B or C+D or D+C ; E

3. Main difficulty changes: Hold plus press elements are combined as one letter value (example, planche with 2 second hold, immediate press to handstand with 2 second hold; D).

19

Sequence Magyar - L,P,P,L Single pommel Russian Handstand dismount (no turn) Leather circles over pommel

Front salto layout; B

C D A B

Bonus 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

97 Value

D C B A

Bonus 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

1. Requirements-The requirements have been altered from the 1993 Code of Points. The new requirements are:

All tuck and pike saltos have the same code number. sequence . Lay Front, Tuck Front, Tk Front I . Lay Front, Lay Front, Lay 1/1

93 Value

Still Rings

All front saIto 1/1 ; C

!

93 Value

D+C D+E

Bonus 0.2 0.5

"

A

Two B circles; C, three; repetition.

Subsequent saltos will be value raised if at least C value.

D+D will stay as is since bonus is of more benefit to the gymnast; 0.3.

tt

97 Value

C+B C+D

Bonus 0.0 0.2

A swing handstand forward, 2 seconds (minimum C).

A swing handstand backward, 2seconds (minimum C).

A strength hold, 2 seconds (minimum B).

2. Main difficulty changes:

Pommel Horse

Cross; L-cross ; B, therefore all swings to L-cross will be a C.

1. Requirements-the scissor and 3-hand skill on one pommel remain the same as in the 1993 Code of Points. However, the requirement for a B skill on each end of the horse has been modified. The new requirement states a move of value must be done on each end. This move could be an A, B, C, D, or of E value. This is a major change especially for the junior program.

Double layout 1/1 dismount; D, the pike-layout wording will be eliminated, but will be a C.

2. Main difficulty changes: Single pommel Russian; C Flair handstand (dismount or continue without turning) ; B A lower from a handstand to a circle or flair is the same value, one letter upgrade. All other handstand upgrade rules are as in the 1993 Code of Points but need 360 degree turn (not 270 degrees).

Regardless of the composition of flops, the gymnast may perform only two sequences of D or E flops or one combination of D+ E flops. The third set of such flops is repetitious.

With the exception of side travel frontways, all side travels on pommel or leather are B's.

All 3/3 travels in cross support are D value regardless of hand placement.

L cross pull up; C. From planche, straight arm, straight body press to held handstand; C 3. Other interpretations Value raising will occur for swing elements ending in a strength element (example, kip to immediate L cross; C).

There will be limited value raising for connecting strength elements (example, L cross pull up; C, However, planche press to inverted cross; E).

During a combination of strength hold followed by strength press, any deduction for poor position during of the hold will also apply again to the press provided the poor position has made the press easier. If the hold is not recognized, then the press is also not recognized .

Connections of swing elements following strength hold positions will receive bonus only if the held position has a value of at least C. All cross strap work will receive the same value as regular swing work.

Two circles with hands outside the pommels; C.

COImection bonus is mostly for direct connections of swing elements, however, the second element of a direct combination may lead to a strength hold position.

All 1/2 turns (e xce pt Schwabenflank or forward Wendeswings) are B's (i.e. Kehr, Czech, back Stockli, DSB or

NOTE : There will be no connection bonus for pure strength combinations!

Flair spindle in one circle; D.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Men's Gymnastics

Sequence 93 Value Magyar - L,P,P,L C L-cross C L-cross, pull up D D+D Kip, L-cross, and pull up D+D Back uprise planche, press handstand

I

"

Bonus 97 Value Bonus 0.0 D 0.1 0.0 B 0.0 0.1 C 0.0 C+C 0.3 0.0 0.3 D + C - no connect 0.1

Horizontal Bar 1. Requirements-The requirements are identical to the 1993 Code of Points.

2.

Main difficulty changes:

Vault

A.

The vaulting rules have not yet been fi nalized and are subject to the greatest changes.

20

1. Main difficulty changes:

The Quast family of elements will be listed as giants with hops rather than flight elements.

An over or under grip one arm giant One arm giant to one arm Tkatchev

=

=

B

B+C not D

3. Other interpretations

The A, B, C, D, E categories have been eliminated. Each vault w ill have a value. The values range between 7.2 and 10.0.

The three A-part rule for the mount is eliminated.

All elements w ith wrong grip have the same value and Code number as w ith normal grip.

The 1997 Code ofPoints contains approximately 163 vaults (86 in the1993 Code of Points).

All elements on, from or to one arm have the same Code number as w ith two arms. The exceptions will be listed in the difficulty tables.

2. Other interpretations The "virtuosity bonus" for distance has been eliminated.

An extra connection bonus of 0.1 is available for directly Axis evaluation change is as follows: Two parallel lines 40 connected C-value flight elements. cm to the left and right of the center of the horse are to be m arked on the landing surface. Upon the landing of the Only two one arm elements w ill be permitted. vault, both feet are to land between the lines for no axis deduction. If one Sequence foot touches or crosses over the line, Overgrip Endo, Overgrip Endo pirouette 0.1 is to be deducted. If both feet touch â&#x20AC;˘ Tkatchev, Tkatchev, Gienger or cross over the line, 0.2 is to be deducted.

Sequence Handspring 1/1 Handspring front (pike) Layout Tsukahara Layout Kasamatsu Layout Kasamatsu with 1/2 Yurchenko (straight) Yurchenko 1/ 1 (straight)

93 Value 8.9 9.2

9.2 9.5 9.8 9.2 9.5

97 Value 8.6

Composition Strategies 1. Connection bonus is unlimited. Try to find as many different ways to connect a D with a C on both ends. C+ D+C = 0.3 bonus.

Look for D+ E+ D combination (the 3 skills get 0.8 bonus). Look for C+D+E+D+C combination (the 5 skills get 1.1 bonus).

8.8 9.0 9.4 9.5 9.0 9.4

2. Use your most difficult element twice or the element which can easily be connected to a C on both sides to maximize the connection bonus.

3. Try not to use D+D combinations. D+O = 0.3 bonus. Sandw ich D's as much as possible w ith C's. C+ O+C+D +C = 0.6 bonus.

Parallel Bars 1. Requirements-The requirements are identical to the 1993 Code of Points.

2. Main difficulty changes: None

4. The new repetition rule will demand that gymnasts and coaches diversify and find as many different C's, D's, and E's as possible. No longer will routines be built around a few skills in differing combination.

Acknowledgements

3. O ther interpretations NO VALUE RAISING! Connection bonus w ill be available only for connected swing elements that continue in the same direction. A "D" skill fo llowing a Stutzkehr, or swinging down after a glide kip reverse straddle cut w ill not receive connection bonus.

Special thanks in the preparation of this d ocument to Bill Roetzheim, George Beckstead, Dave Juszczyk, Jim Leo, Ted Muzyczko, Brian Richmond, and Butch Zunich.

The straddle or stoop Endo COlu"lections on one rail will be eligible for bonus because there is no other connection possibility.

Sequence Healy, Healy, hop 1/2 Healy, front toss, hop 1/2 C Stutz immed. pike double back

93 Value C+D+D C+D+D C+D

Bonus 0.3 0.3 0.2

97 Value C +C +C C +C +C C+D

Bonus 0.0 0.0 0.1

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

10 ••,

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For parents and coaches: Learn how you can create an environment that fosters high self esteem and positive body image among young athletes.

First two parts of this video series are available for $4.95 each from USA Gymnastics Merchandise Department, PO. Box 5562, Indianapolis, IN 46255-5562. Tel: 317-237-5060

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For parents and coaches: This video was designed to educate about proper nutrition and to explain the hazards of eating disorders.

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GYMNASTICS ORDER FORM

Administration

USA GYMNASTICS -1996 BUDGET I

o

.A 22

As USA Gymnastics draws closer to the 1996 Olympic Games, our level of activity will increase to plateaus never reached before. Below is a Budget Summary for 1995 and 1996 which lists activity by Department.

Revised 1995

1996

Income Events

$475,501

$435,000

Merchandising

507,000

596,000

USOC

984,443

1,187,777

Safety and Education

648,320

738,410

Marketing

4,654,537

5,563,285

Membership

4,512,897

4,723,097

Interest

40,000

40,000

Foundation

36,000

40,000

Misc. Events

37,380

90,800

Sanctions

45,000

45,000

Mise.

39,000

40,000

11,980,078

13,499,369

Total Revenues

Expenses $1,862,015

$2,211,602

Merchandising

557,387

704,190

Safety and Education

607,882

746,809

Marketing/Publications

1,460,881

1,320,406

Membership

3,277,584

3,433,584

Program

2,678,602

3,137,025

225,170

504,036

61,400

80,450

Events

FIG President's Office Administrative

1,247,097

1,359,951

Total Expenses

11,978,018

13,498,053

2,060

1,316

Net Revenues

Budget amounts are categorized by area of responsibility, not necessarily by profit center.

For example, income related to Events is split between the Events Department and the Marketing Department.

Application of Budgeted Net Difference between 1995 and 1996 $458,423

Program (M, W, R) Administrative

112,854

President's Office and Board

19,050 278,866

FIG

869,193

Notes: 1. Program variances between budgeted 1995 and 1996 1995

1996

Change

$1,226,373

$1,639,047

$412,674

Men

973,528

976,576

3,048

Rhythmic

478,701

521,402

42,701

2,678,602

3,137,025

458,423

Women

2. Administrative change includes salary adjustments for entire staff which will be reallocated to departments at a later date and costs related to computer technology upgrades, staffing, maintenance, and amortization.

3. The FIG increase is the result of hosting the FIG Congress and Men's and Women's Intercontinental courses.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

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Biomechanics

HANDSTAND TO STUTZKEHRE:

., i

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24

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANATOMICAL AND MECHANICAL Dr. William L. Cornelius Texas Woman's Ul1iversih)

U

nderstanding and utilizing biomechanical principles is an important means by which the gymnastics community can procure effective performances. This can be implemented by being acutely aware of how body segments are effectively manipulated during a performance. It is essential to provide a means by which the gymnast can be more competent while performing on the apparatus. As the coach and athlete collectively deal with this matter by sharing ideas, they come face to face with the need to understand relationships between anatomical and mechanical concerns. Discerning how an artistic performance occurs depends a great deal on a biomechanical perspective. We simply must grasp the relationship between a gymnast and his environment and how these act as mechanisms of motion.

There is an interrelationship between those aspects that are internal and external to the human system. Figure 1 provides a means by which a discussion can take place concerning the anatomical and mechanical aspects of human motion. The handstand to a stutzkehre combination depicts both static and d ynamic skills and serves to illustrate anatomical and mechanical inseparability.

FRAMES:

1

2

3

4

5

Biomechanical Analysis Static equilibrium The combination begins with a handstand position and serves to illustrate the vertical alignment of body segments over the base of support at the hands (frame 1). Static equilibrium exists when the line of gravity is within the base of support. This is secured only w hen the gymnast's center of gravity is over the base of support.

Static equilibrium is improved when major joints are stabilized February 1996

by recruiting specific muscle fiber types in particular muscle groups. Stabilizing joints at the elbow, shoulder complex, back, and pelvis are particularly important. The elbow joint is best stabilized when fully extended. This prepares the gymnast for controlling forward swing in frames 2-5. The shoulder girdle (scapula and clavicle) is elevated, and related articulations stabilized, in order to facilitate a hollow chest position. Pelvic alignment is secured by adequate strength in the abdominal and hamstring muscles because these muscle groups reduce anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar hyperextension. This is augmented by proper levels of flexibility in hip flexor and erector spinae muscle groups.

Consequently, securing a straight handstand In equilibrium is highly dependent on a strength balance between agonist and antagonist muscle groups, along with related connective tissue flexibility.

Body segments and the tap A beat or tap action at the bottom of the swing (frames 3-4) creates a reaction force from the bars that acts as an upward motive force. The effects of the tap action can accentuate the angular momentum phenomenon when preparatory body segment position occurs. A hollow chest position out of the handstand assists in setting up the tap action. The following are necessary sequential anatomical adjustments when moving into the tap: a) chest leading and legs trailing in order to position the body prior to the bottom of the swing, b) lowering the total center of gravity by relaxing the shoulder girdle into the bottom point of the swing, and c) pulling backward on the bar and quickly moving the legs forward out of the swing bottom. Tapping technique follows the point where the chest passes the bottom of the swing. The purpose of 7 6 the tap is to maximize the relationship between movements of the gymnast's shoulder girdle, bar reaction force, and resulting increased angular velocity of the lower body at the hip joints. The effects of the resistive force of gravity during the forward swing (following frame 3) are reduced when the tap action is well timed. Such relationships are important in implementing sufficient angular momentum for a dynamic stutzkehre forward.

Elbow joint locking mechanism Parallel bar swing in straight arm support requires that there be anatomical adjustments at the pro ximal radioulnar and glenohumeral joints. Particular adjustments at these joints provide TECHNIQUE

Biomechanics

a locking mechanism for mainten ance of fu ll elbow extension. The elbow joint is uniaxial and only allows flexion and extension. This hinge joint does not p ermit m otion around the longitudinal axis; therefore, necessary anatomical adjustments are made at associated articulations.

Effective swing teclu1ique is reliant on an atomical adjustment.

Necessary preparation occurs tlu'ough supin ation of the lower arm at the radioulnar joint and slight outward rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint. These movements are aro und the longitudinal axis in the transverse plane. The result is to limit elbow joint flexion created from a buckling action at the bottom point in the swing. TI1is can be problematic when an explosive maneuver is required. The pull of gravity is difficult to control unless the anterior elbow is facing forward immediately prior to and at the bottom of the swing (frame 3). The locking mechanism is particularly relevant w hen coupled with the effects of high levels of centrifugal force created in angular motion. The gynmast flies away from the axis of rotation w hen support is lost due to the bucking effect. Consequently, the gymnast's anatomical structure serves to maintain control, at tl1is critical point in the swing, and positions the body segments to receive the inwardly directed centripetal force from the bars in order to counteract centrifugal force.

Maximizing forward angular displa(ement Angular displacement on the forward swing (frames 1-5) can be maximized by releasing one bar (frame 5). The result is increased range of motion and a continued ability to control angular momentum (product of the moment of inertia and angular velocity). On the other hand, the anatomical limitation connected with hyperexten sion occurs at the shoulder joints w h en h olding on too long w ith both hands. Value in the teclu1ique of releasing w ith one h and, prior to the point of anatomical limitation, cannot be overstated. The effectiven ess of a one h and release can be further reinforced by slightly flexin g the head at the cervical vertebra (frames 3-5). Neck flexion red uces the tend ency to move the sh oulder backward beyond the vertical line that p asses through the base of su pport at the hands (Watanabe, 1995). The single hand base of support allows the forward swing to continue longer and permits the application of a backwardly directed ac tion force on the bar. Hand contact with the bar can result in a forwardly directed external reaction force that is crucial to controlling the shoulder position and provides a mechanism for increasing an gular m omentum. It is more likely that a handstand position can be attained in frame 6 with the release of one h and prior to the position shown in frame 5, rather than simultaneous release of both hands.

Multiaxial rotation Rotation of the gynmast' s body during the stutzkehre is around both the primary mediolateral axis (frames 2-7) and the secondary longitudinal axis (frames 5-7) . Maximizing angular momentum about the primary axis is essential if there is to be an acceptable position at the completion of the stutzkehre (frame 7). There must be sufficient transfer of angular momentum from the p rimary axis to the secondary axis, yet enou gh continued angular momentum abo ut the primary axis throughout the s tutzkehre.

and reaction torque from pulling on the bars (frames 3-5), are effective mechanisms for producing angular momentum. There must be sufficient an gular momentum entering the second phase of the combination (frames 3-7) for rotating effectively aro und both axes. These techniq ues sh ould be fu lly exploited during support because additional an gular momentum is not p ossible once free of support (frame 6) .

Rotating the human system during p erformance of the stutzkehre embodies conservation of angular momentum. This m ech anical princi pIe is relevant while in bar support as well as free of support. From the point of releasing one hand, through the point at w hich both hands recontact the parallel bars, provides an important opportunity for having a positive effect on the rate a t w hich the elongated body rotates around the secondary axis (frames 5-7). While maintaining an extended support arm and to rso, the free or unsupported ann can ac t to reduce the moment of inertia (rotational inertia) by bending at the elbow joint in frame 5. The moment of inertia can be further decreased w hile free of support by decreasing the length of both arms in fr ame 6. This results in greater an gular velocity and assis ts in completing the 180 d egree turn in preparation for subsequ ent gymnastics skills.

An gular momentum is the primary principle related to rotating the body and conservation of this vector quantity is essential if insufficient angular momentum exists around the longitudinal axis w hen free of support. External torque must be present to increase or decrease angular momentum; therefore, conservation of angular momentum occurs in fr am e 6. Furthermore, the stutzkehre forward w ill not reach a handstand position (frame 7) unless there is sufficient angular momentum present around the mediolateral axis in the sagittal plane at release (frame 5). Transfer of angular momentum from the mediolateral axis to the longitudinal axis can take place in both support or free of support. However, overall angular momentum cannot be changed w hile free of support unless there is the presence of external torque. In this case, gravity ac ts only to redu ce angular momentum in frame 6 w hen the gymn ast is dissociated from the bar.

Summary The interrelationships between anatomical and mechanical aspects of human motion permeate gymnastics activity. One effects the other. The athlete and coach should strive to open lines of communication and continue to study movement and it's scientific principles. Effective gymnas tics performance and progressive change can otherwise be evasive.

References and Acknowledgements Kreighbaum, E., and Barthels, K.M. (1990). Biomechanics: A qualitative approach for studying human movement (3rd edition). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Watanabe, M. (September 9, 1995). Parallel bar swing. Gymnastics Association of Texas Annual Meeting. Austin, Texas.

Figure 1 was based on drawings by H. Mizoguchi in the USA Gymnastics Junior Olympic Age Group Compulsories.

The generated angular momentum shown in frames 2-5 is direc tly related to the magnitude of that w l1ich is produced w hile in bar support (Kreighbaum and Barthels, 1990). An gular momentum produced in the first p art of the combination around the mediolateral axis (frames 1-5) is dependent on torques external to the gymnas t. Utilizing the gravity torque by elongating the body from frame 1 to a point just shy of frame 3, use of the bar relation torque gen erated from a tap ac tion beginning just prior to frame 3, February 1996

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History

THE SYMBOLIC LEGACY OF AMERICAN GYMNASTICS A.B. Frederick, Ph. D.

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ymnastics and tumbling are thousands of years old.

The evidence for tumbling in particular suggests that it is one of the oldest physical activities in existence rivaled only by various types of dance activity. (1) Early evidence of the existence of gymnastics activity consists of hieroglyphics, art, statuary, and literature. Rudimentary forms of gymnastics were practiced by the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and during the Dark Ages.

Another way to recall highlights of our gymnastics forebears is to examine symbols and artifacts that, in their time, were well known. Examples of carvings, patches, logos, and other organizational representations are found on the accompanying chart. (2) From 1848 until World War II, gymnastics practiced by various ethnic groups and clubs produced an array of patches, logos, and symbolic representations . These are the symbols of our sport and should be preserved in a special way.

Hieroglyphics from ancient Egypt are among the archaic evidence of gymnastics activity. Observe the girls and women performing back bends or perhaps forward limbers in Figure 1.

Athletic artifacts from ancient sites have been carefully documented by the Egyptian Olympic Committee. (3) One of the most frequently cited evidence of primitive gymnasticsis the fresco in Crete showing a leap over a bull. This kind of activity has been studied by Professor James G. Thompson of Penn State University.

(4) One interpretation of the leap is that it was done from the side over the bull's back with a cartwheel-like action perpendicular to the path of the charging bull; hence an early example of vaulting.

See representation in Figure 2.

After he founded his playground in Berlin in 1811, F. L. Jahn, the father of modern gymnastics, created the root term "Turn" (5) which he believed (erroneously) to be of Germanic origin. He spoke about the "Gymnastic Art" or "Turnkunst" that appeared on the first diamond-shaped patch worn by his followers (Figure 3). The dates on the patch refer to some beginnings and endings in German history with the founding of "Turnkunst" being an important element in rejecting French culture. It is ironic that "Turn" may actually be of French origin. (5)

The "Turnkunst" patch was replaced shortly after 1814 when a coppersmith, Heinrich Felsing, proposed a four "F" symbol for Jahn's gymnastics "Turnen." (7) The "F' s" denoted "Frisch," "Frei," "Frohlich," and "Fromm" (fresh, free, joyful, and devout). The original Felsing symbol is shown in Figure 4. The four F's were seen frequently in early American gymnastics clubs and persist throughout European gymnastics today. The symbol was readily adopted by Jahn who described the four F's as representative of the "Riches of the Turners." (8) The four F's were partially replaced by some Turner groups who substituted an "S" and "T" for two of the F's (see Figure 5).

Emerging Worker's Gymnastics and Sport Societies (9) rejected these joyful and pious symbols favoring in their place "Stark"

(strong) and "Treu" (true) as more typical of mature workers and the goals of the Turners. Both symbols appear on some certificates issued by the Normal School of the North American Gymnastics Union in Indianapolis in order to show support for all societies.

The spiritual aspect represented by the fourth F (" fromm" = devout or pious) was also distasteful to some. The Milwaukee Turners apparently adopted the worker's symbol and it is displayed in other materials published by the former North American Gymnastic Union. After World War I, these symbols were infrequently seen in American gymnastics. Others did not wish the four F symbol to become confused with the 4F classification of the military-the latter carrying a negative connotation. The last prominent American gymnast to wear the four "F' s was Frank Cumiskey when he tried out for and made, the 1948 Olympic team. (See Figure 11, the logo for the Hudson County Swiss Turnverein.)

In the earl y 30' s the American Turners adopted a very common symbol of American sporting groups .. . the Greek discobolus. (10) Variations of the logo are shown in Figure 6. Displayed on the left is the Worker's "Frisch, Frei, Stark, and Treu" and the "North American Gymnastic Union," the central organizing body of the Turners is on the right. The center patch shows the adoption of the Roman dictum, Mens sana in corpore sanD. (A sound mind in a sound body.) (11) Note that the Turners then identified themselves as members of the American Gymnastic Union. The last progression was to the American Turners with "Sound mind, sound body" displayed in English. Three time Olympian, Jack Beckner, of the Los Angeles Turners won the last of his four national all around titles in 1959. The LA Turners had accumulated seven national team titles. Since then, the Turners have not played a prominent role in national competition although a few gymnasts continued to represent various Turner clubs.

The seal of the Amateur Athletic Union (A AU), the original governing body for gymnastics and a host of other American amateur sports appeared early in its history. The AAU was founded in 1888 and the first official gymnastics championships were held that year although AAU champions are listed from 1885. The AAU seal (Figure 7) shows Victory extending her wreath. The more common logo of the AAU is shown on the right in Figure 7. With the emergence of the United States Gymnastics Federation (USGF), the AAU finally lost its status as the gymnastics governing body in 1970. The USGF was the first independent governing body devoted exclusively to gymnastics.

For the first 19 years of its existence, the USGF employed the familiar oval logo on its official documents and patches. (See Figure 8) It shows a male and female gymnast framed in a map of the United States. In 1982, a logo incorporating figures representing the three disciplines governed by the Federation appeared.

The present logo (established initially for marketing purposes) has replaced the USGF representation and the governing body is now known as USA Gymnastics (USAG). A portion of the present trade mark first appeared on the September-October 1986 cover of the

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

History

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USA GYMNASTIC~

Early evidence of the existence of gymnastics activity consists of hieroglyphics, art, statuary, and literature.

Rudimentary forms of gymnastics were practiced by the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and during the Dark Ages.

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hacgc February 1996 TECHNIQUE

History

Illustration sub-titles 1.

Female tumblers carved on the temple wall of Deir el Bahri (Egypt) 1554-1306 BC

2.

Cretan bull leaper from a fresco in a cave in Knossos.

2000-1400 BC

3.

The earlest example of a patch worn by followers ofJahn.

4.

Heinrich Felsing's four "F" symbol designed for Jahn.

5.

Alternate symbol used by the so-called workers gymnastics societies.

6.

American Turners symbols featuring the discobolus.

7.

Early and later logo and patch for the Amateur Athletic Union.

8.

Early andllater hallmarks of the United States Gymnastics (USA Gymnastics).

9.

Symbols for the YMCA; Gulick's triangle and present corporate logo .

10. Symbols of the NCAA; before women's competition and after.

11. Famous club logos 1900-19500; New York Turnverein, Philadelphia Turngemeinde, and the Hudson County Swiss Turners.

12. The Sokol mevement symbol.

13. Hall of Fame sponsors: Helms Athletic Foundation, Citizen's Savings Athletic Foundation, and the Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles.

14. National Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Coaches (nowCGA).

official magazine of the federation. The official periodical had changed its name to USA Gymnastics in 1984.

The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) originated in England in 1844 and by Century's end provided many gymnasia for British youth. In 1869, "Y" facilities were opened in San Francisco and New York City. Leaders from the latter discovered that a School for Christian Workers had been established in 1885 in Springfield, Massachusetts. Although there was resistance, a division of the School for Christian Workers became the YMCA Training School in 1889 since there was a need for the special preparationof physical (education) directors. A year later itwas designated the International YMCA Training School and separated its connection with the School for Christian Workers. Luther Gulick, 23 years old, was hired to head up the physical education program in 1887.

He was active in gymnastics, the first varsity sport at the college.

The Gulick award, named for the first director, is the premier honor given in the fields of health and physical education. (12) Gulick, an anti-smoking advocate, was responsible for devising the well-known triangle of the YMCA seen toady in its registered trademark (Figure 9). He added "Spirit" to Juvenal's Mind/Body dictum resulting in the Training school's emblem shown in Figure 9. From Springfield College, as it is now known, came many of the first collegiate coaches among whom are Hartley Price, Ralph Piper, Leslie Judd, Lyle Welser, Charles Graves, Pat Yeager, Ray Heidloff, and Wilbur West. The first six named are honored in the National Gymnastics Hall of Fame.

Collegiate gymnastics had its beginnings in Chicago and the New York City region around the turn of the present century. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) was established in 1906 to save intercollegiate football. President Theodore Roosevelt had threatened to ban the sport if it continued to produce an inordinate number of deaths. The NCAA added gymnastics to its roster of sponsored national championships in 1938 At the time the logo showed the wreath of victory being placed on the head of a male athlete (see Figure 10). The logo changed with the addition of women's sports to the program in the late 70' s. The first NCAA national women's gymnastics championships was held in 1982. Collegiate women's gymnastics had been championed earlier by Herb Vogel, one of the first honorees of the women's section of the National Gym.nastics Hall of Fame. He offered an open invitational meet for women in 1965 at Southern Illinois University.

Three of the clubs that dominated the sport in the first half of the present century were the New York Turnverein (NYTV), the Philadelphia Turngemeinde (PTG), (13) and the Swiss Turnverein of Hudson County, New Jersey. Their emblems are displayed in Figure 11. In Figure 12, two emblems of the Sokol (meaning "Falcon") clubs are displayed. Three time Olympian, Frank Kriz of the Bohemian Sokol in New York was the first acknowledged Olympic gold medal winner from the United States. The 1904 St. Louis Olympiad produced a number of medal winners from various American Turner Societies but only American teams competed. No foreign teams were present.

It is interesting to note that when the Sokol stamp was issued by the United States Postal Service in 1965, the discobolus was depicted rather than more typical Sokol symbols such as the falcon shown in Figure 12. The falcon has deep meaning for Eastern European gymnastics societies including the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Yugoslavia and Poland. The fitness movement was booming in 1965 and the discobolus symbol was recognized by many Americans as having something to do with "staying in shape" since it was used by a number of athletic organizations.

The Helms Athletic Foundation seal adopted in 1936 appears on the early certificates (1959-1970) issued to honorees of the National Gymnastics Hall of Fame. Thereafter several California banks issued the certificates. The Helms seal and that of the Citizen's Savings Athletic Foundation also feature the disco bolus.

Following the 1984 Olympics, the Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles (AAFLA) was founded and eventually acquired all of the materials collected originally by the Helms family. They also continued to support Halls of Fame for various amateur sports.

Since 1988, certificates issued to National GYIlmastics Hall of Fame honorees bear the seal of the AAFLA whose design is derived appropriately from that of the 1984 Los Angeles OlympIad. See Figure 13.

Finally, the logo of the National Association of Collegiate Gymnastic Coaches is displayed in Figure 14. The original organization was called the National Association of American Gymnastics Coaches (14) (NAAGC) and was organized at a ten minute meeting by 13 collegiate coaches at the 1950 NCAA Championships held at West Point. After the death of Roy E. Moore (15) in 1957, the NAAGC made arrangements with the Helms Athletic Foundation to establish a Hall of Fame for gymnastics. This was accomplished under the leader$hip of George Szypula of Michigan State University. The first group of Helms/NAAGC honorees including Moore, was presented in 1959. Honorees have been elected in almost every year since. (16) Women, including men who served as their coaches, have been elected to the Hall of Fame since 1974.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

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History

It is the writers hope that as the responsibility for the Hall of Fame program is assumed by the national governing body that some of our rich history and its symbolism will be preserved in the design of certificates issued by the Hall of Fame Selection Committee . This responsibility is likely to begin in 1997 with the first group of honorees to be elected by a USAG Hall of Fame Selection Committee presented at the 1997 Congress in Denver, Colorado.

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5

"Turn" is the root word for gymnastics in German. e.g. Turner = gymnast; Turnhalle = gymnastics hall. Turnlehrer = gymnastics teacher, etc. Jahn's Die Deu tsche Turnkun st (German Gymnastic Art) was published in 1816.

6

Alfred F Kierschner historian for the former New York Turnverein has provided the best explanation of the term " turn" as used by Jahn in his essay published in Ba/111 Frei reprinted in American Turner Topics (March-April, 1958. pp.

10-16).

7

"Turnen" (limited to gymnastics in modern German) had a much broader meaning in Jahn's time. Included were walking, running, jumping, swinging, balancing, horizontal bar exercises, parallel bar exercises, climbing, throwing. pull/ push contests lifting, carrying, stretching, wrestling, and exercises with hoops and ropes .

8

Jahn. F.L. and Eiselen. E Die Deutsche Turnkunst (German Gymnastic Art). Dresden, GER: Wilhelm Limpert publishers, 1928, p . 233.

References Frederick, A. B. Physical Education More or Less-A History of the Mind-Body Problem from the Point of View of an Educator.

Philosophical Seminar. Brockport. NY. 1978 (Unpublished).

Halls of Fame for Gymnastics: A Chronology-1900-1993.

Technique, Nov.-Dec., 1994, pp. 5-7.

-----f

_____ , National Collegiate Meets for Women (1965-1994).

Wilmington, Del.: The Author, 1994.

Roots of American Gymnastics. Wilmington, Del: . The Author, 1995.

-----f

Garvey, Richard c., The Springfield College Family Album. Springfield, Mass. Springfield College, 1984.

9

Arbeiter turnvereins.

10

A Greek statue of a discus thrower. A statue of a discus thrower stands near the State Department in Washington, DC.

Gasch. R Handbuch des gesmnte Turnwesen (Encyclopedia of Gymnastics) Vols . 1&11 Leipzig, GER Lion Publishers, 1928.

11

Attributed to the Roman satirist, Juvenal, and later to philosopher John Locke who declared. "A sound mind in a sound body is a short but full description of a happy state in this world."

Jahn, F.L. and Eiselen, E. Die Deutsche Turnkunst. Berlin, 1816.

Lynch, Harold C. The Joy of Effort: The Story of Gymnastics at Springfield College. Springfield, MA: Fall Homecoming Committee, 1969.

Metzner, Henry. A Brief History of the North American Gymnastics Union (Commemoration of the Opening of the Hasenheide by F L Jahn in 1811). Indianapolis IN: The National Executive Committee of the North American Gymnastic Union, 1911.

McCurdy, J.H . Pioneers in Physical Training. Springfield, Mass.

International YMCA Training School. Undated.

Physical Education as a Profession. Springfield, Mass.: International YMCA College, Undated.

-----f

Neumann, Herbert. Ed., Deu tsche Tumfeste Bad Homburg, GmbH: Limpert Verlag, 1985.

Prestidge, Jim. The History ofBritish Gymnastics. Slough ENGLAND: British Amateur Gymnastics Assoc ., Centennial Year, 1988.

12 A union of health-related fields known collectively as the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance has a representative on the Board of Directors of USAG. The YMCA is also represented on the Board.

13

Although the PTG produced many champions over the years, its women's gymnastics teams were most renowned. Most of the early all-around champions were from the PTC.

14 Note that the last three words of the organization begin with "A," "G," and "C." In reverse this gives "C," "G," and "A." The current organization changed its name in 1995 to the Collegiate Gymnastics Association or CGA. 15 Moore is known as the "Father" of American gymnastics.

16

Phillips. Chester. A Brief History of the National Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Coaches. 1950-1967.

Zwarg, Leopold. A Study of the Hisotry, Uses and Values ofApparatus in Physical Education. Philadelphia. Pa.: The Author, 1930.

Footnotes 1

Cotteral, Bonnie and Donnie, The Teaching of Stunts and Tumbling. NY:AS Barnes & Co., 1936 (Especially Ch. I, "Historical Sketch of Tumbling").

2

Numerals in the body of the article refer to those in the chart.

They will be referred to in the body of the text as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc.

3

A.E. Touney, Sports History with Ancient Egyptians, Cairo: The Egyptian Olymplic Committee, 1981.

4

e.g. "The Location of Bull-Sports: A Consideration of the Problem. Journal of Sport History, Spring, 1986 and "Clues to the Location of Minoan Bull-Jumping from the Palace at Knossos." (Same Journal).

February 1996

TECHNIQUE

General Gymnastics

STARTING A MOBILE GYMNASTICS BUSINESS FROM SCRATCH

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Patty Spisak

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y mobile gymnastics business started out as nothing more than a favor for m y son's preschool director. She asked me if I would come out of retirement to teach gym classes at the preschool in exchange for Kristopher' s tuition. Since it would only take three hours out of my week, I obliged. I started with one panel mat, a 6 foot parachute, a pair of plastic jump ropes and cones, and a dozen rhythm sticksall stuffed into our Toyota hatchback.

I've learned plenty since those days. What started out simply as a favor grew into a small business .

Right away I realized I needed attendance sheets to keep track of students, lesson plans for three different age groups, a bookkeeping system to keep track of payments, and a budget for new equi pment! If I was going this far, then I might as well add a day to my schedule and expand to include another preschool. Before I knew it, word of mouth had attracted three preschools and two daycares! Now I was cooking! Time to get"a, name for my business and a business checking account. Rising Star Gymnastics was born.

Building a base-Does a mobile program sound good but you' re still not ready to give up your dream of owning a gym ? Well, this plan gets your name and reputation out there to the community. When, (if) you ever decide to go "big" you m ay have a student base of 1,000 or more.

Clients It's always a good idea to start w ith people who know you and your reputation, such as your child's preschool, daycare, or elementary schools. Yes, elementary schools. The working parents of the 90's are looking for quality after-school programs for their children. Most PTA's are offering this type of program.

Send them a flyer and your resume, then call them.

..,

Where to Start

Make a personal list of pros and cons for staying where you are versus starting your own business. If the mobile program wins, then it's time to get serious.

You'll w ant to look into:

Definition

1. Reviewing your finances

A mobile program, most simply explained, is a program where you bring your equipment to the clients location. This program offers more than a gymnastics bus program because you don't just target preschools. On the other hand, it' s less encompassing than a gymnastics facili ty .

start-up capitol planning a monthly budget (tuition fees, registration fees, and monthly expenses) 2. Investigating your client base 3. Determining equipment needs

Mobile vs. Facility There are definite advantages to starting mobile vsersus starting out with it "big gym." Here are a few main reasons: Money-Lower start-up costs and monthly expenses.

Time-You schedule clients for the time that you or you r em ployees are available.

Here are a few equipment companies that you can call for free catalogs: American Athletic, Inc. (1-800-347-3978), Flaghouse, Inc. (1-800-793-7900), Gerstung (1-800-922-3575), Gibson (303937-1012), Kimbo (1-800-631-2187), Mancino (1-800-336-6267), Resilite (717-473-3529), Rhythmic Gymnastics Inc. (201-3437424), Spieth Anderson (1-800-331-8068), Sporttime (1-800-8451535), ues (1-800-526-4756).

Affiliation-As an optional judge, I can work teaching gymnastics without the hassle of conflict of interest because I'm not working with a team.

4. Liability insurance

Creative Control-Have you ever disagreedwith a gym owner abou t gymnastics philosophy, teclmique, or office policy? Well, here, you' re the boss! Although this doesn' t mean that you' re not open to knew ideas.

5. Design your flyer

. You can check into insurance offered by USA Gymnastics (1-800-345-4719) or other agencies. . This should take a few weeks to complete. Good luck!

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

General Gymnastics

~----------.----

>

~

Rev it up...

Starting Up ... liability insurance policy

folding wedge mat

six-foot parachute

4-inch skill cushion

springers

ropes/ cones

rhythm sticks

hoops / holders

scooter-boards

bean bags

masking tape

tunnels

tape player/ tapes computer 386, 60 HD

panel mat

limited office supplies

one-write checkbook system

v

Putting it in gear... ~ elementary schools

employees

trapezoid mat

floor beams

junior-size spring board

stilts

The pedal's to the metal!

partner equipment

preschool bar

octagon

ma t cylinder mat

roll-up beams

CD player and CD's

team ch allenge equipment

introduction of warm-up games 路 new p owerful computer cellular phone

February 1996

TECHNIQUE

FREE CATALOG In NY 914-963-0005 Dept. GA26

You are the Multi-Sport business owner, experienced, already part of progress, planning for the future, always moving forward I ould it interest you t o be able to meet a nnu ally and brainstorm with other progressive owners? Imagine the energy and power that cou ld be tapped with a meeting mom ful l of so many creative, overtime minds! If you can see the adva ntage of this prospect, you are ready for the Assoc iation of Childrens' Fitness Faci lities. This is a very active organization of directors of privately owned facilities. People who see the power of working

together to gain togethe r.

The purpose of AOCFF is to in crease Member reve nues and profits while decreasing risk.

Membership Benefits in clude: "Vita l Sig ns" newslet ter (a childrens" fitness tre nd adv isory) Discounts as a prem ier buyi ng group for insurance, equipment & merchandise.

1-800 number giv in g you a network of co ll eagues to help make sound dec is ions.

Ad mi ss ion for 2 to the 1996 Summit in Dallas, TX (Apri l 26 - 28) Need to know more? Ca ll

AOCFF Office (208) 376 3641

Frank Sahlei n, Exec utive Director

Ass'n of Childrens '

AOCFF Fitness Fac ilities

General Gymnastics

GYMNAESTRADA A GYM OWNER AND COACH'S d PERSPECTIVE A 34

Dean Capelotti Co-owner, Fallbrook Gymnastics Club 342 Industrial Way, Suite 103 Fallbrook, CA 92028 619-723-1345

W

hat is General Gymnastics and what is all this fuss in GG? The number one reason is it's fun and exciting. Forming a about World Gymnaestrada and GymFest? These Performance Team will help you retain gymnasts and add a new are some of the questions I have been asked since re- element to your gymnasts' workout they will be excited about. In turning from the 10th World Gymnaestrada in Berlin. our gym we have a separate class for the Performance Team, and General Gymnastics (GG) is a movement that originated in it is our most popular class. The kids enjoy the gym more and it Europe and is just getting off the ground in the United States. It carries over to their regular workouts. It is also an opportunity to differs from Artistic and Rhythmic Gymnastics because it uses bring people into your program that do not participate, like large group routines instead of individual performances. Routines parents. Currently we have eight parents on our Performance are choreographed to utilize the strengths of each participant. GG Team with four more considering joining. Every performance we is non-competitive and entertainment oriented. Performances can conduct generates inquiries from interested adults. consist of groups as small as 10 to large groups with thousands of One of the biggest complaints I hear from gym owners is they participants. The beauty of GG is anything that is safe is accept- can't get any coverage in the newspaper when a gymnast does able-the performances use creativity and imagination, you can well. During the time we prepared for our trip to Germany, we had incorporate elements of artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gym, seven Southern California newspapers write large articles ~, # on us with three of them being front page in the sports nastics, cheer, dance, and anything else you wish to add.

In Berlin we saw routines similar to a Broadway ~ . /';,:. ' section with color photos. Our local newspaper musical which used sets, costumes, dance, com~â&#x20AC;˘ , , devoted half the front sports page and carried edy routines, or folk dance groups. You name ~ { " six photos of our trip when we returned. it, we saw it! ~ () .~ '.

Newspapers prefer group activities over inWorld Gymnaestrada is the Olympics of .. . . . . . . dividual activities-there is more general inGen~r~ Gymnastics. In B.erlinmore than 20,000 .. , .) .... te~est fro~ the readership . For example, if you partiCIpants from 35 nations came to show off ~" , ~ ~ ~n~g 50 klds.to perform at a local theme ~ark, their talents. There were 26 stages where every â&#x20AC;˘ , ., ,- . \ . t~~ IS more ltkely to .~et covered than If an 20 minutes a new group performed. Performances , # , ' mdlvldual gymnast qualIfIes to a State Meet. An started at 9 a.m. and continued until 6 p.m. for an entire " , added bonus: If you perform at an amusement or week. Additionally, several countries conducted special theme park, then your group will usually get in for free. evening performances in a theater-type setting featuring gymHow do you get started? First, request copies of GG tapes from nasts and dancers from their country. Having the opportunity to USA Gymnastics. USA Gymnastics has edited versions of the last meet people from all over the world is incredible. For our group, three National GymFests has a tape from the World Gymnaestrada this was the experience of a lifetime that they will never forget. If in Berlin. The tapes will give you ideas. If your gym, like ours, puts you are ever offered the opportunity to participate in World on shows or exhibitions for your parents, you already have a head Gymnaestrada-don't hesitate, go for it! (The next World start. I recommend you begin a separate class to concentrate on Gymnaestrada will be in Goteborg, Sweden in 1999.) performance routines. Fallbrook currently has five separate groups National GymFest is the counterpart to the World based on age and ability leveL When your group has developed Gymnaestrada. It is a three-day event with an opening ceremony, about 30 minutes of performance routines, start performing at group performances, Gala closing performance, and many fun amusement/ theme parks, county fairs, street carnivals, or any social activities. USA Gymnastics has conducted three National other community events in your area. Watch for local and national GymFests-1993 (Indianapolis), 1994 (Palm Springs, Calif.), and GymFest events in Technique magazine. Most of all, be safe, use 1995 (Indianapolis). The National GymFest is usually held in late your imagination, and have fun!

October. Plans for the 1996 GymFest will be aIU10unced in a later If you would like to talk to me about how we got started, feel issue of Technique magazine. free to call me between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m., Pacific Coast Time, on any This all sounds great, but why would I want my gym involved weekday.

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February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Women's Gymnastics/Book Review

101 WAYS TO MAKING INCREASE CLASS YOURCHOICE ENROLLMENT & OFACOLLEGE CLUB PROFITABILITY

3S

When applying to a college you should consider the following: The academic standing and graduation rates of members of the gymnastics team. This information is published by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and should be available in the athletic office.

Check the stability of the gymnastics program. You can ask questions about the history and tradition of the team, coaching staff (length of tenure, full-time or part-time), size of squad, budget, support services, and lawsuits.

101 WAYS TO INCREASE ClASS ENROLLMENT & CLUB PRORTABIUTY

Determine if there is an academic program suitable to your interests. Always remember that your goal is to finish with an education.

BY RIK FEENEY

Ask the coach if you will be competing-there are no guarantees, but you should have a reasonable chance.

Determine if you will be eligible as a freshman. You can check with yo ur guidance counselor about the NCAA Clearinghouse. To obtain additional information about this, call the NCAA at 319-337-1492.

It is helpful to write a letter of introduction to the head coach.

Consider preparing a short video of your skills. Include a routine on each event.

Arrange a visit to the school to meet the head coach, to speak to some of the gymnasts on the team, visit the dorms and dining hall, etc.

Ask about practice times, schedules, academic support, assistant coaches, trainers, coaching philosophy, and other responsibilities you may have (fundraising, etc.).

Talk to as many people as possible for insight and advise.

Good Luck!

If yo u have questions about collegiate gymnastics, you can contact the USA Gymnastics Collegiate Coordinators:

Sandy Thielz 207 Walnut Hill Rd. C-16 West Chester, PA 19382 610-436-2102

9

A.

Sandy Thielz and Kathy Feldmann

Kathy Feldmann 668 S. Main St. Sharon, MA 02067 617-784-5830

.,

Rick Feeney, author of 101 Ways to Increase Class Enrollment & Club Profitability, says the book is" designed to help coaches spend more time on the gym floor coaching and less time worrying abou t their bills and filling each of the classes."

Feeney notes, "It took me a few years of struggling before I realized that just because I could coach gymnastics, didn't mean I could run a business" .Finally, I learned that a business is a business no matter what type it is. Certain rules apply for you to have a decent chance at success."

The book is filled with ideas Feeney learned during his 20 years in gymnastics. It features ideas for developing class enrollment and income producing programs for gymnastics clubs. Feeney explains how to use marketing, advertising, and public relations techniques to help increase club enrollment. Chapters include: Marketing, Advertising, and Public Relations; The Press Release; Involving the Public; Internal Marketing; External Marketing; Back to Basics; Communication/Staff; Communication/ Customers; Promotional Items; Miscellaneous Ideas, and Research.

"As a reference for club owners, it is an invaluable guide."

- Rita Brown, Brown's Gymnastics "".anyone who owns a gym school could really benefit from this book."

- Patti Komara, Patti's All American Gymnastics 101 Ways to Increase Class Enrollment & Club Profitability is available from: Richardson Publishing 741 Post Lake Place, Suite 109 Apopka, FL 32703 407-788-7525 Cost: $19.95

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Preschool Gymnastics

USA GYMNASTICS LEVEL I KAT OBSERVATION FORM Skills practiced

KAT Observation Steps

., I

1. Contact club (let the teacher know you are completing your KAT observations) 2. Set-up a time to meet with the teacher prior to start of class 3. Observe class/complete observation form 4. Allow teacher to review your observation form and sign 5. It is advisable to send a thank you note to the teacher observed

i~

NOTE: You can only observe two classes at your gym. It is advisable that you also observe various age level classes.

36

Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___

Students Comments and observations regarding student's personality characteristics (i.e. shy, aggressive), their behavior patterns, and social interaction.

Social Security No. _ _ - _ _ - _ _ USAG No. _ _ _ __

I'eacher

Mailing Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

What communication methods were particularly effective (i.e. verbal, demonstration)?

City _ __ _ _ _ _ _ State

Zip _ _ _ _ __

Day Ph: (_ _) _ _ - _ _ Night: (_ _) _ _ - _ _ Birthdate: _

/_

/_

Observation No (circle).

12345678

Ages (circle):

wa lkers

crawlers

2-yr 3-yr

Ratio = __ Students / _

4-yr 5-yr

What teaching style was used (i.e. animated, enthusiastic, authoritative)?

Teacher(s)

Club Observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ City_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Phone: (_ _) _ _ - _ __ TeacherObserved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

~--------------------------------------------~

Safety

General Observations (Facility & equipment)

Teacher's Signature

Lesson Plan Objectives.________________ _ _ __

Warm-up Components

Class Management Class organization-Were the students organized in a manner in which learning was facilitated? How?

Skills introduced & practiced

Activity (name & explain)

Time management-Was there enough time allotted for each part of the lesson (i.e. warm-up, skills)? List time frame .

Theme Props Music

Discipline-What types of discipline tactics were used (i.e. time out. warnings)?

Games Closing

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Preschool Gymnastics

LEVEL I KAT WORKSHOPSCURRENT SCHEDULE February

24-25

Santa Clarita, Calif. Fun & Fit Gymnastics

September 13-14

September 20-22 Seattle, Wa. (tentative)

Region II Congress

October

TBD

TBD

Region VIII Congress

October

11-13

Williamsburg, Vir. (tentative)

Region VII Congress

October

24-27

Boxboro, Mass.

Region VI Congress

April

13-14

Warrenville, Ill.

Midwest Academy of Gynmastics

April

27-28

Reno, Nev.

Gym Nevada

May

4-5

Dyer, Ind .

Patti's All-American Gymnastics Center

June

1-2

Urbandale, Iowa

Urbandale Dance Acad.

June

27-30

Boston, Mass.

National Congress

August

9-11

TBD

Region IV

August

23-24

Battle Creek, Mich. Region V

September 6-9

Austin, Texas

GAT

--------------------

San Jose, Calif.

Region I. Congress

Workbook will be sent upon receipt of registration.

Accreditation is valid for three years.

Grandparenting 4 hours of observation is available. Must have at least 5 years preschool gymnastics teaching experiencesend resume with registration.

For more information, contact Jennifer Gallahue Lee at 317-2375050 exten sion 237.

--------------------

KAT REGISTRATION FORM Minimum age for KAT is 16 years Name _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Soc. Sec. # ______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Birthdate ________ _ _ _ _ __ Address _____ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ City _________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ State ______________ Zip _ _ __ _ _ _ _ ____ Telephone (Day) _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~--------- (Night) _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ Course Location ________________________________________________________________ Date ________--,--_____________ Organization Represented _____________________________________ Job Title ________ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ LocaINewspaper ___________________________________________ Fax ___________________________________________ Current USAG Pro. # ________________________ (required for discount) Prerequisites - must be completed upon registration ____ Rookie Coaches Guide Test/ or PDP Level I - - - - Four hours observation/ or Grandparent (via resume) Registration

_ _ $140 pro member -

-

Form of Payment:

$160 non-member Check __ Am. Express

Visa

Mastercard Discover

Name on Card _____________________________________________

Number _______________________________________

Expiration Date ________________________________ Signature ____________________________________________________ Please make checks payable to USA Gymnastics KAT Workshop.

Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics KAT, Pan American Plaza, 201 South Capitol Ave. Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225 February 1996

TECHNIQUE

., 9

A

37

Rhythmic Gymnastics

Grant Application Form

r

In an effort to encourage new rhythmic gymnastics programs, USA Gymnastics Announces the Get It Going grant program.

"Get It Going"

The fo llowing criteria must be met for consideration as a Get It Going grant winner:

I

Applicants must be employed by a gymnastics club, YMCA, or Park District program.

.A

Applicants must attend eight hours of designated Congress sessions plus elective sessions.

o 38

Applicants will be encouraged to initiate rhy thmic classes in the Fall of 1996.

Applicants must submit a completed grant application w hich includes signature of current employer.

Former grant recipients are ineligible.

Procedure for application

Introduce Rhythmic Gymnastics to Your Program

1. Complete the application form and return to USA Gymnastics postmarked by March 22, 1996.

2. Complete the separa te registration for Congress (in the February issue of Technique magazine) if you plan to attend regardless of your acceptance into the Get It Going program.

3. If yo u have alread y registered and are accepted into the Get It Going program, you will be reimbursed for your Congress registration.

4. Grant winners w ill be notified by mail on April 15, 1996.

The USA Gymnastics Get It Going Grant program is designed to promote the addition of rhy thmic gymnastics classes to club, school, YMCA, or Park District gymnastics programs who have had little or no rhythmic programming in the past.

5. Grant applicants are responsible for their own hotel arrangements. Grant winners will be reimbursed after submitting a cop y of their receipts.

Twenty people (through application) w ill each receive a grant equivalent of $350 to attend a special Rhy thmic Gymnastics Introductory Workshop at the 1996 Congress in Boston.

------------------, "Get It Going" Grant I

Grant recipients will receive from USA Gymnastics

Applilation Form

v

Congress Registration Name

V Two nights of housing (1 / 2 double)

of Applicant

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Age _ __

V Two days per diem

Name of school/club program _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

V One full set of Level 1-4 Rhythmic Curriculum materials

Title _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

: I I

(includes video, book, and music cassette) Address

Introductory Workshop

---------------------

City _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ State _ _ __ Zip _ _ _ __

The Rhythmic Gymnastics Introductory Workshop is an eighthour curriculum. The Workshop begins at 1:00 p.m. on Friday, June 28, and ends on Sunday, June 29, at 3:00 p.m. and includes: V Introduction to Rhy thmic Gymnastics

Day phone _ _ _ _ _ _ Night phone _ _ _ _ _ __ Planned start dote of rhythmic gymnastics program _ _ _ __ Signature

of employer _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __

Signature

of applicant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

V Rhy thmic Level 1 and 2 Classes V Basic Group Activities

Attach a letter of intent outlining, 1) professional gymnastics/ d ance background, and 2) statem ent describing why yo u are interested in receiving this grant.

V Class Planning

V Rhythmic Level 3 and 4 Classes V Preschool Rhythmic Gymnastics

Return to: Rhythmic Gymnastics - Get It Going!, USA Gymnastics, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol, India- I napolis, IN 46225. ~

V Training Level 5/6 Rhy thmic Gymnasts

L __________________

V One additional Rhy thmic Session of Choice February 1996

TECHNIQUE

Rhythmic Gymnastics

Comments from the 199 SGet It Going Grant Winners I

Thank you for the great opportunity this grant provided. I'm so excited to start teaching! - Jennifer Stempien, Joliet, Ill.

o

GFB-4 - DEEP PURPLE .

YELLOW, JADE, BLACK INK

A.

GFB-2 - FOREST GREEN, SAND , BURGUNDY. BLACK INK

39

JUST HAfTA EAT .lUST HAfTA WORK. JUST HAFTA GO TO SCHODl

.uSTd OSTOY

Thanks again for the chance to get involved in rhythmic gymnastics.

I am already adding elements to my preschool classes and am actively planning classes for the older kids. We should have things going

by October. - Susan Wittkop, LaJolla, Calif.

HAFTA

FF-2 - GREY, TERRA COD A , BLACK INK

GFB-7 - TERRA CODA, BURGUNDY. SILVER, STORM BLUE. BLACK INK

GFB-5 - METALLIC GOLD , FUSC HIA, GREY, BLACK INK

GFB-8 - BURGUNDY, SAND, FOREST GREEN , BLACK INK

Can't wait to Get It Going! Debbie Schmitt, Wake Forest, N.C. We have already started fou r rhythmic classes, introduced it to artistic teams, developed a demonstration rhythmic group, and incorporated it in our preschool program. We are having a blast!

- LuAnnNix, Tuscaloosa, Ala.

PRI CES BASED ON 12-50 PIECE QUANTITY (CALL FOR QUANTITY PRICING) ALL DESIGNS ARE FULL-FRONT PRINT AVAILABLE IN AS-AXXL PRINTED ON HIGH QUALITY WHITE 100% FRUIT OF THE LOOM T-SHIRTS ALSO AVAILABLE ON 9 OZ. 90/10 F.O L SWEATSHIRTS (CALL FOR PRICING) ART WEARS ACCEPTS VISA, MASTERCARD, CHECK

I am motivated to continue learning and sharing with young girls.

I appreciate all the work that went into the instructor's manualshaving written progressions is very helpful to beginners like me.

- Jackie Williams, Portland, Org.

SHOW YOUR TEAM UNITY CUSTOMIZE YOUR CLUB T-SHIRTS CALL FOR DET AILS

-

SIZES

-

-

1 - 800-235-9327

-

DESIGN

CUTANDMA"iLrH'iSPORriONrOAoD'iifSSBELl5WAfftv- ITEM

100% WHITE T-SHIRT

S8.50

100% WHITE T-SH IRT

S8.50

100% WHITE T-SHIRT

$8.50

100% WHITE T-SHIRT

I especially enjoyed practicing in my hotel room! - Janet Skaggs, Dothan, Ala. (artistic Level 10 judge)

UNIT PRICE QTY TOTAL

3630 SO. 144TH ST. OMAHA, NE 68 144 402-697-0240 1-800-235-9327

S8.50 SUBTOTAL r = J

WE PAY SHIPPING UPS GROU ND SERVICE

ALLOW 3 WEEKS FOR DELIVERY

NEB. RES TAX ADD 6.5%

-

WEARS~

r---I

l.-----.J

TOTAL r = J CLUB NAME _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ CONTACT _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ ADDRESS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ CITY.STATE.ZIP _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ PHONE _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __

_

PAYMENT METHOD

o CHECK o VISA o MASTERCARD PLEASE PHONE IN CREDIT CARD ORDERS

D PLEASE SEND ME AN ART WEARS CUSTOM GYMNASTIC APPAREL BROCHURE.

Coaches Education

LEVEL

(9111&

I

GYMNASTICS

" <:» ~ II ~

T

A

40

I EB

M'\~ I I

II EXPERIENCE VERIFICATION

Nome

References

ss#

10lher Ihon your (urrenl employer I

/ -- / --

8irthdate

One

Age

Address

Nome

City

State

Position

(night)

Phone (day) Safety Certification:

Zip

o

o

No

Relationship Yes · exp.date _ _

COACHES EDUCATION

PDP Accredication: 0 Levell Completion dote _ _ __

» 0 ••• A· <0 •0 • • • • • "•••,

Job Description

C

...,

'"

==0 ••• :z :z .......

I

o o <:)

~

•

Ipleose prinl or typel

Two Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

I coach and/or teach the following: (check oillhol opplyl

o o

Mom &Tot Cheerleading

Women: Men:

0 Preschool 0 Tumbling

o

Developmental

0 Levels 1-4 o Levels 8-1 a

o o

Levels5-7 Elite

o

0 Closs 5-7

Rhythmic 0 Levels1-4 o Levels 8-10

o

Closs 1-4

Elite

Address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Phone - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Three Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ __

0 Levels5-7 0 Elite

Position _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 0 No 0 Yes

I(heck oil lhol opplYI

Relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

If yes, list number per year. o Locol

#«a

I

Phone _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Do you actively coach at competitions?

2.J

2_

Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

o Upon completion of this form send to: USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capitol Ave. Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225 Attn: PDP

Regional

0 State _ _ _ __ 0 Notional _ __ _

Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Additional information

Employer's Verification

(certifications, courses completed, etc.)

Ipleose prinl or Iypel

I, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , acknowledge that this information is true and accurate for the period which the above listed coach has been employed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

T994

Signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ February 1996

TECHNIQUE

dote - - -

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11/2 on Handspring

11/2 on Handspring 1/ 2 on 1/ 1 on

-1 1/4 - 1/ 1 -1 / 1 -1 / 1 -1 1/2 - Handspring _ 1/2 off

-1 / 1 - 21/2

_ 1/2 off - 2/1 - 2/1 -1 1/ 2

-1 1/2 - 1/ 1 off (H/ Y)

10.0 10.0

9.8 9.9 9.9 9.8

9.4* 9.7

9. 1 9.2 9.3 9.2* 9.4 9.5 9.5

- 1/ 4 turn _ 1/2 turn _ 1/2 turn

_ 1/2 off - 3/ 4 turn

8.5 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8

Level 8 & PREP Opfional: S-O.l Squat 7.0 S- 0.2 Stoop 7.5

1.501 S1.510

1.401 1.402 1.403 S14lO

1/ 1 on

1/2 on

Cartwheel Handspring Yamashita 1/2 on Handspring 1/ 1 on 1/ 1 on

1.201 1.202 1.203 B 1.204 1.205 1.206 S1.210

1.301 1.302

Handspring Yamashita Cartwheel Handspring Yamashita 1/2 an Cartwheel

Handspring Handspring Handspring 1/2 on

1/ 1 on Handspring Handspring

Handspring Handspring Handspring Handspring Handspring 1/2 on

Handspring 1/ 4 on

Front Tuck 1/2 1/2 Bock Tuck Front Pike Front Pike 1/2 1/2 Bock Pike 1/2 off, Front Tuck

7.5 8.0

- FrontTuck - 21/ 2 Front Tuck - 1/2 off, Bock w/ lj2 + - Front Layout 1/2 - FrontTuck 1/ 1 - Front Layout - 1/2 off, Front Layout

-

- FrontTuck - 1/4 off, Front Tuck (Raab)

S- O.3 Straddle S-O.4 1/2on- Repulsion off

2.504 2.505 2.506 2.507

2.501 2. 502 2.503

2.401 2.402 2.403 2.404 2.405 2.406

2.301 S2.305

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

10.0 10.0

9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9

9.7 9.7

Tsukahara 11/2 on Tsukahara Tsukahara

Tsukahara Tsukahara

Tsukahara Tsukahara Tsukahara Tsukahara

Tsukahara Tsukahara Tsukahara

Pike 1/2 Layout Layout 1/2 Tuck 1/ 1

-

-

Layout 11/2 Bk.Salto T/ P/ L 21/2 Salta Tuck 21/2 Salta Pike

- Layout 1/ 1 - Tuck 11/2

-

- Tuck - Tuck 1/ 2 - Pike

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

9.8 9.9

9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7

9.4 9.5 9.5

4.501 4.502 4.503 4.504 4.505 4.506 4.507 4.508

4.401 4.402 4.403 4.404 4.405 4.406 4.407 4.408 4.409 4.4 10 S4.415

4.301 4.302 4.303 4.304 4.305 4.306

4.201 4.202 4.203 S4.210 S4.21 1

~ ~:>~--------------~

10.0 10.0 10.0

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7

9.4 9.5 9.5 9.2 9.4

RO,FF - Back Layout 11/ 2 RO,FF - Bock Tuck 2/ 1 RO,FF - Bock Layout 2/ 1 RO,FF 1/ 1 - Bock Layout Lowered to 4.410 RO, FF 1/2 - Front Layout RO, FF 1/2 - 1/2 off, Bock Pike RO, FF 1/2 - Front Pike 1/2

Bock Pike 1/2 Bock Layout Bock Layout 1/2 Bock Tuck 1/ 1 Handspring 1/ 1 1/20 ff, Front Tuck

BackTuck Back Tuck 1/2 Bock Pike 1/ 1twist off 11/ 2 twist off

9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

-

-

-

Back Tuck 1/2 off, Front Pike Back Layout 1/ 1 Front Tuck BackTuck 11/2 Back Pike Front Tuck 1/2 1/2 off, Bock Tuck Front Pike 1/ 20ff, Front Layout 2/1 twist off RO,FF 1/ 1 RO, FF RO,FF RO, FF 1/ 2 RO, FF RO, FF 1/ 1 RO, FF 1/2 RO,FF 1/2 RO,FF 1/2 RO,FF RO,FF 1/ 2

RO,FF RO,FF RO,FF RO,FF RO, FF 1/ 1 RO, FF

RO,FF RO,FF RO,FF RO,FF 1/2 RO,FF 1/ 2

Round-off Entry (Yur(henko)

GROUP IV

Sindicates J. O. Element Supplement

* Indicotes different value from FIG Code

Allowable Vaults: Level 10 All vaults from all four Groups Level 9 All Group 1, 2 & 3 vaults (9.9 & 10. vaults will start from 9.8) Level 8 Vaults valued at 9.5 ar less from Group 1 (Handspring) &Group 3 (T sukahara)

----

AllTsuks are to be performed with 90 degree to 180 degree LA turn infirst flight phase.

3.501 3.502 3.503 3.504

3.401 3.402

3.301 3.302 3.303 3.304

3.201 3.202 3.203

Tsukaharas

Cuervos (Handspring on - 1/2off, Ba(k Saito) and Saltos Forward

Handsprings, Yamashitas, and Cartwheels (with &without twists)

1.101 1.102 1.103 A 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.107

GROUP III

GROUP II

GROUP 1

USAG Jr. Olympic Vault Tab~-= (Revised January 1996)

FIG Vault Table for Elite Competitions (Revised 1/96)

3.401 3.402

3.501 3.502 3.503 3.504

Tsukaharo Tsukahora Tsukahora Tsukahora

Tsukahora Tsukahora

Tsukahora 11/2 on Tsukahora Tsukahoro

Pike 1/2 Layout Layout 1/2 Tuck 1/ 1

- Tuck - Tuck 1/2 - Pike

-

Layout 11/2 Bk.Solto T/ P/ L 21/2 Salta Tuck 21/2 Salta Pike

- Layout 1/ 1 - Tuck 11/2

-

Back Pike 1/2 Back Layout Back Layout 1/2 Back Tuck 1/ 1 Handspring 1/ 1 1/ 2 off, Front Tuck

9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7

9.4 9.5 9.5

-

Back Tuck 1/2 off, Front Pike Back Layout 1/ 1 Front Tuck Back Tuck 11/2 BackPike Front Tuck 1/2 1/2 off, Back Tuck Front Pike 1/2 off, Front Layout

- Back Tuck - Back Tuck 1/2 - Back Pike

RO,FF RD,FF RD,FF RD,FF RD, FF 1/ 1 RD, FF

-

RO,FF RO,FF RO,FF

9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7

4.301 4.302 4.303 4.304 4.305 4.306

RD,FF 1/ 1 RD, FF RD,FF RD, FF 1/2 RD, FF RD, FF 1/ 1 RD, FF 1/2 RD,FF 1/2 RD,FF 1/2 RD,FF

4.201 4.202 4.203

9.8 9.9

4.401 4.402 4.403 4.404 4.405 4.406 4.407 4.408 4.409 4.410

10.0 10.0 10.0

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

RD,FF - Back Layout 11/2 RD,FF - Back Tuck 2/1 RD,FF - Bock Layout 2/1 RD,FF 1/ 1 - Bock Layout Lowered to 4.4 10 RD, FF 1/2 - Front Layout RD, FF 1/2 - 1/2 off, Back Pike RD, FF 1/2 - Front Pike 1/2 All Tsuks ore to be performed with 90 degree to 180 degree LA turn in first flight phase.

4.501 4.502 4.503 4.504 4.505 4.506 4.507 4.508

9.4 9.5 9.5

GROUP IV

9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

Tsukahora Tsukaharo Tsukahora

GROUP III

Front Tuck 1/ 2 1/2, Back Tuck Front Pike Front Pike 1/2 1/2, Back Pike 1/2 off, Front Tuck

Front Tuck 21/2 Front Tuck 1/20ff, Back w/ I/l t Front Layout 1/2 FrontTuck 1/ 1 Front Layout 1/2 off, Front Layout

3.201 3.202 3.203

GROUP II

-

-

9.7

GROUP 1

Handspring Handspring Handspring Handspring Handspring 1/ 2 on

1/ 1 on Handspring Handspring Handspring Handspring Handspring 1/2 on

- Front Tuck

Round-off Entry (Yurchenko)

8.5 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8

2.401 2.402 2.403 2.404 2.405 2.406

Handspring

Tsukaharas

- 3/4turn 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5

10.0

2.301

Cuervos(Handspring on - V2 off, Back Saito) &SALTOS FORWARD

Handspring Yamashita Cartwheel Handspring Yamashita 1/2 on Cartwheel - 11/4 -1 / 1 -1 / 1 -1 / 1 -1 1/2 - Handspring

-1 / 1

2.501 2.502 2.503 2.504 2.505 2.506 2.507

3.301 3.302 3.303 3.304

Handsprings, Yamashitas and Cartwheels (with &without twists) 1.101 1.102 1.103 A 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.107 Cartwheel Handspring Yamashita 1/2 on Handspring 1/ 1 on

- 1/4turn - 1/2 turn _ 1/2 turn - 1/2 off

1.201 1.202 1.203 B 1.204 1.205 1.206 9.6 9.7

11/2 on

9.8 9.9 9.9

-1 1/2 - 1/ 1 off (HjY)

1.301 1.302

1.401 1.402 1.403

1.501

_ 1/2 11/2 on Handspring - 2/1 1/2 on -2/ 1

1/2 on 1/1 on

(

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Board of Directors

HELM'S HALL OF FAME BECOMES USA GYMNASTICS HALLOFFAME

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43

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t the November, 1995 Board of Directors meeting, the Board approved the incorporation of the Helm' s Hall of Fame into USA Gymnastics. The USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame will include all previously elected members of the Hall of Fame. Induction of new members of the Hall of Fame will occur annually at the USA Gymnastics National Congress.

The responsibility for inducations into the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame will be assigned to a subcommittee of USA Gymnastics Awards and Recognition Committee. This Hall of Fame Selection Committee will consist of seven members who shall be appointed by the Awards and Recognition Committee. Once approved the Selection Committee will pick a Chair.

3. Appointees must be able to commit the time and energy necessary to accomplish the work of the Selection Committee. a. Failure to participate and/ or vote are grounds for removal. b. The Awards and Recognition Committee will appoint a replacement from the pool of nominees as soon as possible after a member's removal.

4. The Committee will reflect the best possible representation of disciplines governed by USA Gymnastics, Active Members of the Corporation, honoree categories subsumed under the Hall of Fame, and geographic balance in that order.

The initial appointments to the Hall of Fame Selection Committee shall be for staggered terms as follows:

Nominations for the Hall of Fame Subcommittee may come from any member of USA Gymnastics. Criteria for appointment to the Hall of Fame Selection Committee (SC) include:

Two members will be assigned two year terms.

1. Appointees will have a notable record as a gymnast, coach, judge, or contributor to USA Gymnastics and its predecessors.

The Chair will be assigned one of the four year terms.

2. Appointees must be USAG members in good standing.

Two members will be assigned three year terms.

Three members will be assigned four year terms.

The initial Committee appointed in 1996 shall include at least two members of the present Helm's Selection Committee.

7/F~N

ATHLETIC MATS, INC. COMPETITIO

Contact Tiffin for all of your mat needs. Whether you need a single mat for home use, or enough mats to set up your entire gym -- quality mats at affordable prices.

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DRY PITS TRAINING MATS FOLDING MA~ MARTIAL ARTS FLOORING SKILL SHAPES

TIFFIN ATHLETIC MATS, INC.

ASK ABOUT OUR DISCOUNTED TOURNAMENT MATS!

February 1996

TECHNIQUE

P.O. Box 823 â&#x20AC;˘ Elkton, MD 21922-0823

1-800-843-3467 0% Financing Available We accept MastercardlVisalDiscover & American Express

Board of Directors

HALL OF FAME SELECTION COMMITTEE NOMINATION FORM

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NOMINEE _________________________________________________________________________

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ADDRESS _________________________________________________________________________

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CITY ___________________________________________ STATE ___________

ZIP _____________

DAY PHONE _______________________________ NIGHT PHONE _____________________________ USAG MEMBERSHIP # _________________________ SOCIAL SECURITY # ___________________________ please check all that apply:

o Gymnast

o Judge

o Coach

Briefly explain their Contributions to USA Gymnastics:

DEADLINE TO BE CONSIDERED please Return to:

USA Gymnastics Attn : Heather Whitaker 201 S. Capitol , Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225 (317) 237-5069 FAX (317) 237-5080 FAX February 1996

TECHNIQ UE

o Other

Women's Program

NOMINATIONS FOR NATIONAL COMMITTEE CHAIRS Submission Deadline: Who may submit:

March 15, 1996 Any USA Gymnastics Pro member may submit nominations

All nominees for positions must be USA Gymnastics Women's Program Professional Members in good standing for a minimum of two consecutive years, be at least 21 years old, and meet the prerequisites in Article VI of the Operating Code, Sections F, G, 1, and J found in the Women's Rules and Policies.

Four year term - 1996-2000 1. National Administrative Board Chairman

Must have been a member on the National Administrative Board for a minimum of four years.

I NOMINATE __________________________________________________________________________________

2. National Elite Program Committee Chairman Must h ave coached an Elite or Jr. or Sr. International gymnast who has qualified to a USA Championships during the last four yea rs or served as the coach of the U.s. Olympic or World Championship Team; must have been active at the Elite National, Classic, or National Gymfest level for at least six years; must have been a Regional Elite Program Chairman or National Elite Program Chairman.

I NOMINATE

Two year term - 1996-1998 1. National Junior Olympic Program Committee Chairman

This position will not be elected until 1998 as the committee voted to extend the present term to complete work on the new Compulsory Program.

2. National Technical Chairman Must have been a Brevet judge for at least six years and served as a National Technical Committee member.

I NOMI NATE ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. National Elite Technical Chairman Must have been a Brevet judge for at least six years and served as a member of the National Technical Committee.

I NOMI NATE ___________________________________________________________________________________ National officers shall be elected by written ballot by the respective committee members. Ballots must be returned by August 1. Term of office will begin September 1, 1996.

Nominations are to be sent to the Women's Program Director, USA Gymnastics office, by March 15,1996.

Women's Notionol Progrom Direcfor USA Gymnosfics Pon American Plozo, Suife 300 201 S. (opifol Avenue Indionopolis, IN 46225

February 1996

TECHNIQUE

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Calendar Date

Days Disdpline

Event

Location

Contact

Phone

Downers Grove, Il Santa Clara, CA

Nora Campbell Jennifer Gallahue lee

317-237-5050 317-237-5050

McDonald's American Cup

Ft. Worth, TX

Jeff Olsen

317-237-5050

MARCH 1996 2 1 MW 5 MWR 6 MW 23 MWR 30 MWR

Broadcast of McDonald's American Cup (LIVE) McDonald's International Gymnastics Cahmpionships Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational (USA vs. France) Broadcast of McDonald's International Gymnastics Championships Broadcast of Reese's International Gymnastics Cup

4:00-6:00 p.m. (EST) Atlanta, GA Miama, Fl 2:00-3:30 p.m. (EST) 2:00-3:30 p.m. (EST)

NBC Sports Jeff Olsen Jeff Olsen NBC Sports CBS Sports

APRI L 1996 6 MW 13 W 13 M 13 2 W 13 2 MWR 15 MW 6 18 3 MW 20 2 R 21 W 21 1 MW 25 3 W 26 2 M 27 2 W 27 2 MWR

Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational NCAA Regional Meets NCAA Regional Meets level 10 Regionals Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop World Championships -I/E/ F USA Gymnastics Collegiate Championships J.O. Championships USA Gymnastics Nat'llnvitational Tournament Broadcast of Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational NCAA National Championships (Univ. of Alabama) NCAA Championships Elite Regionals Kinder Accreditation far Teachers (KAT) Workshop

Miami, Fl Various Various Various Warrenville, Il San Juan, PUR Seattle Pacific Univ.

Maryland Cape Girardeau, MO 1:00-3:00 p.m. (EST) Tuscaloosa, Al Stanford, CA Various Reno, NV

Jeff Olsen

317-237-5050

Jennifer Gallahue lee Gary Alexander laurel Tindall Nora Campbell Kathy Kelly CBS Sports

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 206-281-2883 317-237-5050 317-237-5050

Kathy Kelly Jennifer Gallahue lee

317-237-5050 317-237-5050

MAY 1996 2 4 W MWR 3 3 4 2 R 4 2 MWR 4 2 MWR 10 3 M 11 2 R 12 3 M 16 4 W 25 2 W 31 3 R 2 31 MWR 31 3 MW

J.O. Nationals (Jr. and Sr.) USA Gymnastics Executive Committee Meeting Eastern Open USAG Board of Directors Meeting Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop J.O. Championships Western Open J.O. Nat. Competitive Prog. Workshop U.S. Classic Nationals National Gymnastics Festival USA Gymnastics Rhythmic National Championships Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Region III Congress

Duluth, GA Indianapolis, IN Macon, GA Indianapolis, IN Dyer, IN Tulsa, OK Seattle, WA Tulsa, OK TBA TBA Athens, GA Texas Texas

Connie Maloney Julie Bejin Nora Campbell Julie Bejin Jennifer Gallahue lee Dennis Mcintyre Nora Campbell Dennis Mcintyre Kathy Kelly Kathy Kelly Nora Campbell Jennifer Gallahue lee Carol Hillenburg

317-237-5050 317- 237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317- 237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237- 5050 713-395-2215

Kinder Accreditation far Teachers (KAT) Workshop PDP level I Video Clinic (1 :00-5:00 p.m.)

Coca-Cola National Championships Broadcast of Coca-Cola Nat'l Championships Broadcast of Coca-Cola Nat'l Championships Elite Qualifiers Rhythmic World Championships U.S. RhythmicOlympic Trials U.S. Artistic Olympic Trials USA Gymnastics National Congress Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Broadcast of U.S. Olympic Trials Broadcast of U.S. Olympic Trials Broadcast of U.S. Olympic Trials (LIVE)

Urbondale, Iowa Decatur, GA Knoxville, TN 4:00-6:00 p.m. (EST) 3:00-4:00 p.m. (EST) Various Budapest, HUN Boston, MA Boston, MA Boston, MA Boston, MA 4:00-6:00 p.m. (EST) 2:00-3:00 p.m. (EST) 7:00-9:00 p.m. (EST)

Jennifer Gallahue lee Chris Calvert Jeff Olsen NBC Sports NBC Sports Ron Galimore Nora Campbell Nora Campbell Jeff Olsen Steve Whitlock Jennifer Gallahue lee NBC Sports NBC Sports NBC Sports

317-237-5050 404-377 -0241 317- 237-5050

Pre-Olympic Exhibition FIG Congress Games of the XXVlth Olympiad

Greensboro, NC Atlanta, GA Atlanta, GA

Jeff Olsen Gary Alexander Gary Alexander

FEBRUARY 1996 1 18 R USA/Belarus Exhibition 24 2 Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop MWR

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MW

JUNE 1996 1 2 MWR 2 1 MWR 4 5 MW

8 9 18 21 25 27 27 27 29 30 29

1 1 2 3 2 4 4 4 1 1 1

M R

R MW MWR MWR W

J ULY 1996 13 1 M 13 5 MWR 20 11 MW

February 1996 TECHNIQ UE

317-237-5050 317-237-5050

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237- 5050 317-237- 5050 317- 237-5050

317-237-5050 317- 237- 5050 317- 237- 5050

Safety Certification

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES Minimum age for Safeh) Certification is 18 years

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MARCH 02

Raleigh, NC; 9:00 0.m.-1:00 p.m.

North Raleigh Gymnastics; 5400 Atlantic Springs Road; 27604 Course Dir: Don Davis 919-790-9400 08 Gaithersburg, MD; 6:00-10:00 p.m.

Holiday Inn (Capital Cup) local Contact: Gary Anderson 301-468-9181 Course Dir: Billy Bob Taylor 304-344-3279 09 or 10 Miami, Fl; TBD Course Dir.: Marci levine 305-861-8753 10 Clearwater, Fl; 9:00 a.m.-I :00 p.m.

The Apollo School of Gymnastics; 2140 Range Road, Unit G; 34625 Course Dir: Karl Bishop 813-447-2108 10 Wilmington, DE; 9:00 0.m.-1 :00 p.m.

Diamond Gymn; I King Ave. Coacl Contact: Dave Hirsh 302-324-8001 Course Dir: Phil Frank 609-786-3977 15 City: TBA, WA; 6:30-10:30 p.m.

Site: TBA Course Director: leigh Eaton 360-577-6274 16 Westboro, MA; 9:00 a.m.-1 :00 p.m.

Central Mass. Gymn. Trng. Ctr.; 17B Turnpike Rd. Course Dir: Steve DiTullio 508-263-9306 16

State College, PA; 8:30 a.m.-2:30p.m.

Nittany Gymn. & Dance Inc.; 2300 Commercial Blvd; 16801 Course Dir: Mike Rizzuto 814-238-1577

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Knoxville, TN; 1:00-5:00 p.m.

In conjunction with Dogwood Invitational University of Tenn.; Stokely Athletic Center local Contact: Boog Potter 615-588-2502 Course Dir: Billy Bob Taylor 304-344-3279 Fort Collins, CO; 12:00-4:00 p.m.

Mountain Gymnastics; 419 E. Stuart Course Dir: Ron Baretta 970-482-3118 Ridgefield, G; 9:30 a.m.-1 :30 p.m.

The little Gym; 1 Ethan Allen Hwy.; 06877 local Contact: Solly Gill 203-544-9905 Course Dir: Randy McCoy 1-800-418-2878 Rapid City, SD; 4:00-8:00 p.m.

Just Jymnastics, Inc; 2830 W.Omaha St; 57702 Course Dir: Bill Allen 605-341-5914 Corvallis, OR; 9:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m.

Oregon State University, Dee Andros Room, Gill Coliseum local Contact: Michele; Superkids Fitness Course Director: Ruth Sandoz 503-531-9492 or 503-246-0818 Morgantown, WV; 10:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m.

West Virginia Training Center local Contact: Gene Diaz 304-292- 5559 Course Dir: Billy Bob Taylor 304-344-3279 Kenosha, WI; 9:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m.

Scamps Gym Academy local Contact: Julie Gray 414-694-0805 Course Dir: Heather Gollnick Stanford, CA; 6:00-10:00 p.m.

Nor Cal Boys Jr. State Championships; Stanford Univ, Ford Center local Contact: Greg Corsiglia 510-796-3547

06 Course Dir: Hiroshi Fujimoto 408- 372- 1006 30 South Plainfield, NJ; 3:00-9:00 p.m. (includes dinner breakl Feigleys School of Gymn; 4475 S. Clinton Ave Course Dir: Cathy Finkel 201-586-1808 30 Orland Pork, Il; 2:00-7:00 p.m.

Tumbling USA Gymnastics; 10482 West of 163rd Place; 60462 Course Dir: Edgar Pulido 708- 969- 0900 30 Medford, OR; 9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.

Mega Gymnastics, 160 N. Fir, 97501 local Contact: Hilary Selland, Mega Gym 541-776-4026 Course Director: Ruth Sandoz 503-246-0818 or 503-531-9492 30 or 31 AZ; TIme: TBA In conjunction with Al lv 7-10 State Chomps; AZ St Univ; PE West Course Dir: Quin Shannon 602-919-5920 & Bernie Ray 602-934-2007

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JUNE 01

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Westerville, OH; 3:30-7:30 p.m.

Buckeye Gymnastics Local Contact: Dave Holcomb 614- 895-1611 Crse Dir: Bobbi Montanari 614- 777-5057 or 614-457-1279 TBA ; 1:00-5:00 p.m.

Course Dir: Chris Calvert 404-377-0241 Penfield, NY; 9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.

Gymn. Trng. Ctr. of Rochester; 2051 Fairport Nine Mile Point Rd Course Dir: Sara Jane Clifford 716-381-8840 or 716-388-8686

Ci ty: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _State: _ _ _ _ Zip, _ _ _ __

TBA

Telephone: (H) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (W) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Course Director:, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Course Location: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Date:,_ _ _ __ Organization Represented :, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

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~ ~ Please make checks payable in full to USA Gymnastics Safety Certification Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics Safety, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol, Indianapolis, IN 46225

If USA Gymn astics Member, and N umber _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ '1

of Payment: 0 Check 0 Visa 0 Mastercard 0 AmExp 0 Discover

Name on Card :_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ N umber: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

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February 1996 TECHNIQUE

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Bottle Creek, MI; Reg VCongress local contact: Cindy Schornes 616-9634770 Course Dir: Jerry Reighard 517-8285604 or 517-774-6696

FALL

,---------I Participation Registration Form I Minimum age for Safety Certification is 18 years I Nam e: Mr. /Mrs.jMs. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ II Soc. Sec. #: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Birthdate: _ __ __ _ I Address:, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

TBA; 1:00-5:00 p.m.

Course Dir: Chris Calvert 404-377-0241

AUGUST

APRIL 04

lincoln, NE; 2:00-6:00p.m.

University of Nebraska; Mabel lee Hall;14th & Vine; 68583 local contact: Cathy Christie Course Dir: David Mickelson 402-551-3977 Fort Wayne, IN; 1:00-5:00 p.m.

The little Gym (Westland Moll); 6183 W. Jefferson Blvd.; 46804 local Contact: Amy Spiritoso 219-436-9353 Course Dir: Randy McCoy 1-800-418-2878

NJ; TIme: TBA Hamilton Gymnastics, Gymnastics Unlimited Course Dir: Cathy Finkel 201 - 586-1808

A ll m a terials (including the Safety Handbook) for 3rd Cycle courses are provided at the course and are part of the course fee.

Certification is good for four years.

The course/examination is $100.

USA Gymnas tics Professional Members is $75. For groups of at least 10, contact the USA Gymnastics Department of Educational Services and Safety.

To achieve Safety Certification, the participant must be at least 18 years of age at the time of the course.

IrtUA

GYMNASTICS

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Non-profit Organization U.s. Postage PAID Permit No. 7867 Indianapolis, IN

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