Technique Magazine - June 1995

June 1995

AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF USA GYMNASTICS

Vol. 15, #6

Inside What's On USA Gymnastics Online?

Events Presentation Task Force: Overview Membership Task Force Report Task Force on Training Facilities and Programs for Elite Male Gymnasts Style of Twisting Official FIG News 1995 Congress Men's Gymnastics Survey Results What's Wrong with Women's Gymnastics?

3rd National GymFest Update Cast to Handstand: A Biomechanical Perspective

JUNE 17 • SAN JOSE, CALIF.

Educational Materials

"HE GYM COACH SERIES SERIES

r:

LEVEL 4 WOMEN'S ARTISTIC

From worm-up to the handspring vault. From a beam complex to kip cost handstands. Many 01 the skills and preparation that you need to produce a gymnast ready lor Level 4. Meg Warren and Richard Kearns are the coaches. A Charles Minster production.

#2190

529.95

SERIES 2: STI" COACHING WOMEN'S ARrlSrlC A video to assist the teaching 01 advanced skills and techniques lor women's artistic gymnastics. Thirty-nine skills with more than 185 progressions including Tsukaharo, double bocks, giant circles and bock handsprings on beam. This video carries on Irom Series 1. Colin and Christine Still are the coaches. Skills are presented in an easy to lollow manner. A Charles Minster Production.

#2450

529.95

Skills included: VAULr Handspring; handspring with lull twist; 1/2 on 1/2 all; Tsukahara; handspring Iront salta.

BARS Kip to cast; cost to handstand; straddle bock to handstand; layout lIyoway; layout lIyoway with lull twist; top change; blind change; clear hip circle to handstand; back giant; Iront giant; double lIyowoy.

BEAM Beam complex; spins and turns; hands to leet -landing; bock walkover; lIic 1I0c; handstand to llic lIac; llic Ilac, lIic 1I0c; llic 1I0c layout saIto; RO and RO tuck bock saIto.

rUMBLING Flic 1I0c; round·oll; backward saIto; backward saIto tucked; double bock saIto tucked; layout bock salta with 1/2 twist; layout back saIto with lull twist; hand supporting the twist action; layout Iront saIto with 1/2 and lull twist; 1/2, lull and double twist; handspring; handspring with salta; handspring + salta with 1/2 twist; handspring + salta with lull twist.

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Publisher Editor Designer Men's Program Direclor Women's Program Direclor Rhythmic Program Director

Kathy Scanlan Steve Whitlock Cindy L. Reed

Contents Telecommunications

Ron Galimore

What's On USA Gymnastics Online?

Kathy Kelly

Events' Task Force Events Presentation Task Farce: Overview

5 9

Nora Campbell

Membership Task Force USA GYMNASTICS BOARD OF DIRECTORS (hair:Sandy Knopp; President: KalhySlOnlon; President Emeri· tus: Mike Donahue; Amateur Athletic Union: Sion Atkinson; American Sakal Organization: Jerry Milon; American Trampo' line & Tumbling Association: Wayne Downing; American Turners: Belly Heppner; Jewish (ommunity (enters: Lori Kalz; National Association of (oliegiate Gymnastics (oaches for Men: Abie Grossleld; National Association of (oliegiate Gym' nastics Coaches for Women: Gail Davis; National Association for Girls and Women in Sport: Or. Mimi Murray; National Association of Women's Gymnastics Judges: Yvonne Hodge; National (aliegiate Athletic Association:Jane BeHs, Lou Burkel; National Federation of State High School Associatia,,:Suson True; National Gymnastics Judges Association: Harry Bjerke; National High School Gymnastics (aaches Association: John Brinkwarth; Special Olympics, Inc.: Kale Fober·Hickie; U.S. Rhythmic Gymnastics (oaches Assaciation: Suzie DITullio; U.S. Association of Independent Gym Clubs: Lonce Crowley; U.S. Elite (oaches Association for Men's Gymnastics: Peler Kormann; U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Women' 5 Gymnastics: Tony Gehman, Roe Kreutzer; U.S. Men's Gymnastics Cooches Association: Morc Yancey; U.S. Sports Acrobatics Federation: Bonnie Davidson; Young Men's Christian Associa111 of the USA: Rick Dodson; USA Gymnastics National .Iembership Directors: Men' s: Jim Holt, Roy Gure; Women's: Jim Archer, Julio Thompson·Arelz; Rhythmic: Alia Svirsky. Ule Alt· Corberry Athlete's Advisory (ouncil: Wendy Hilliard, choir; Chris Woller, vice choir; Kristen Kenoyer Woodland, see; Tanya Service Choplin, Dione "Dee" Fosler, Karyn Lyon Glover, Peler Vidmor. Conrad Voorsonger; usee Athlete Representative: Michelle Ousserre.

USA GYMNASTICS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (hair: Sondy Knopp; Special Advisor to the (hairman of the Boord: Roe Kreulzer; President: KOlhy Scanlan; Secretory: Mike Milidonis; Vice (hair Women: Nonry Morshall; Vice (hair Men: Tim Oagge"; Vice (hair Rhythmic: Condoce Feinberg; FIG Women's Technical (ommittee: Jockie Fie; FIG Rhythmic Technical (ommittee: Andreo Schmid·Shapiro; FIG Men's Tech· nical (ammittee: Bill Roelzheim; At Lorge Members: Jim Hartung.

Joon Moore; Athlete Directors: Tanya Service Choplin, Wendy Hilliord, Peler Vidmar; usee Athlete Representative: Michelle Dusserre; President Emeritus: Mike Donohue.

Unless exprellly idenlilied 10 Ihe "nlrary, all orlides, stole· menls and views prinled herein ore a"ribuled solely 10 Ihe oUlhor and USA Gymnaslics expresses no opinion and o\lumes no responsibilily Ihereaf.

Membership Tosk Force Report

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Men's Task Force Task Force on Training Focilities and Programs for Elite Male Gymnasts

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Twisting Style of Twisting

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Coaches Education ASEP Coaching Principles PPD Level II Grandparenting Application

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International Gymnastics Federation Official FIG News

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1995 Congress General Information Tentotive Congress Schedule Pre·Registration Form Add-Ons Registration Form

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1995 Coca-Cola National Championship Ticket Information

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Men's Program Men's Gymnastics Survey Results

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Commentary What's Wrong with Women 's Gymnastics?

28

General Gymnastics 3rd National Gym Fest Update

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Announcements We've Moved!

USA Rhythmic J.O. Group Championships October 14·15, 1995 USA Gymnastics Women's Collegiate Coordinators

35 35 35

Technique Cast to Handstand: ABiomechaniral Perspective

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CHANGE OF ADDRESS AND SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES: In order to ensure uninlerrupled delivery of TECHNIQUE magazine, nolice of change of oddre\l should be mode six 10 eight weeks in advance. For foslesl service, please endose your presenl moiling label. Direct all subscriplian moil 10 TECHNIQUE Subscriplions, Pan Ameri"n Plaza, 201 S. CopiloIAve., Suile 300, Indianapolis, IN 4622S. TECHNIQUE OSSN 0748·599991 is published 10 limes per year by USA Gymnaslics, Pan Ameri"n Plaza, 201 S. Capilal Ave., Suile 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225 (phone: 317-23750501. Third doss postage paid 01 Indianapolis, IN. Subscrip· 11 prices: S25.00 per year in Uniled Sioles; all olher nllies S48.00 per year. If aVailable, bock issue single "pies S4.00 plus posloge!hondling. All reasonable core will be loken, but no responsibilily con be assumed for unsoliciled moleriol; endose relurn postage. Copyrighl 1995 by USA Gym noslics and TECHNIQUE. All righls reserved. Printed by Sporl Graphics, Indianapolis, IN.

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Men's Results Analysis of Regional vs. National Championship

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Women's Minutes Administrative Board Meeting J.O. Program Commiffee Women's Elite Program Commiffee

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Rhythmic Gymnastics "Get It Going" -Introduce Rhythmic Gymnastics to Your Program

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Telecommunicatins

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ONLINE?

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Your computer access to the world of gtjmnastics. n DElPHI Cllslom Nl'h1'Ork

USAGO Main Menu When you log-on to USA GO, you are presented with the USAG Main Menu which looks like this: USAG MAIN Menu: Business Office

LIBRARIES

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Listed below, are examples from the first page of postings for each of the sub-headings in the News and Information area. This should give you a good idea of the content of information provided.

Marketing and Media Contents

Subscriptions Forum (Message Center) Exit

You can then Go To any of the selected areas by typing the first two or three letters of one of the areas and pressing the RETURN key.

News and Information Menu If you choose the News and Information area, they will be presented with another menu:

USA Gymnastics Develops National Mall Tour (1 / 13/95) Join Club Gymnastics-Hosted by Kim Zmeskal!

Sponsorship vs. Athletic Eligibility USA Gymnastics Marketing Contacts Clubs to be Benefactors of New Programs

Membership Information Contents 1.

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USA Gymnastics Membership Totals Compared Current State by State Athlete Totals USA Gymnastics Code of Ethics Member Clubs in 100% Program

Men's Gymnastics Men's Solidarity Course (5/1/95) Men's Qualifying Competition Requirements (3/14/95) Pan Am - Men' s AA Results (3/13/95) 1995 U.S. Championships Format and Qualification Procedures (M) 5. 1995 J.O. National Championships Schedule 6. MPC Minutes, Winter Cup Challenge (1/27/95) 7. MPC Minutes (12/1/94) 8. MEN' S Gymnastics Survey (2/ 10/95) 9. 1994 ODP Nat. Evaluation Rankings-10-ll division (10/94) 10.1994 ODP Nat. Evaluation Rankings-Levels 4,5, 6 (10/ 94) ll.Men's Program Committee Minutes (8/94) 12.MPC Minutes (7/23/94) 13.Men' s Program Committee Minutes (4/6/94) 14.New Jersey Boys State Championships Results

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NEWS AND INFORMATION CENTER Menu : Marketing and Media

By typing the first two or three letters of one of the area and hitting the RETURN key, you are then presented with a numbered listing of entries available in this area. The entries are listed according to the date that they were posted-the most recent articles are listed first. To read an entry, you type in its number from the list and hit the RETURN key. To return to the previous menu, you must type a CTRL Z or type EX I T .

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Rhythmic Gymnastics Safety & Education

The News and Information area generally contains timely announcements, press releases, event schedules, and other text files that can be read on-line or captured as text files to be read later .

June 1995

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Steve Whitlock, Director of Safety and Education Online Addresses: Delphi (USGF) and the Internet (USGF@delphi.com)

I receive many questions about USA Gymnastics Online (USAGO), USAG's electronic bulletin board (BBS). This article will give you a brief tour of two of the main menu selections-the News and Information area and the Libraries area.

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TECHNIQUE

Telecommunications

15.BIG 10 Championships Results (3/28/94) 16.Men's Gymnastics-Optional Exercises: Worlds

Safety & Education

Merchandise Mart

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USA Gymnastics Videotapes (5/12/95) Coaching Accreditation (PDP) Materials (5/12/95) USAG Merchandise Order Form (5/12/95) Drills, Skills, and More for Men's and Women's Gymnastics Online USA Gymnastics Merchandise Mart USA Gymnastics Color Catalog

News of USA Gymnastics Events 1. Ticket Information for 1995-1996 USAG Events (5/12/95) 2. USAG Event and Education Calendar (5/5/95) 3. Third Annual GymFest (5/5/95) 4. VISA Challenge Scores (4/28/95) 5. 1995 Congress and National Championships Schedule 6. USAG National Mall Tour Scheduled for the Aurora Mall 7. Belarus and China to Challenge U.S. Gymnasts (4/13/95) 8. USAG Mall Tour Scheduled for Minneapolis 9. Mall Tour Schedule 10.VISA Challenge Press Release (3/23/95) 11 .1995 International Mixed Pairs Results (3/5/95) 12.Pan American Games Results (3/15/95) 13.Pan Am Games-Men's Preliminary Results (3/9/95) 14.Powell and Roethlisberger Win American Cup (3/4/95) 15.Powell and Roethlisberger Lead Preliminaries (3/2/95) 16.1995 American Classic Results (2/19/95) 17.Men's Winter Cup Challenge Results (2/2/95) 18.1995 RSG Gym. Challenge/Pan Am Games Trials (2/2/95) 19.McDonalds American Cup and Mixed Pairs (1/25/95) 20.Reese's International Cup Results (1/21/95)

Rhythmic Gymnastics 1. Four Continents Championships (4/27-30/95) 2. Rhythmic J.O. Program Conference Call Minutes (4/13/95) 3. Pan Am Games-U.s. Rhythmic Gymnasts take Silver and Bronze (3/21/95) 4. Rhythmic Technical Committee Minutes (2/11-13/95) 5. 1995 Rhythmic Challenge Final Results 6. Rhythmic Challenge: Day 1 Results 7. Judges' Comments on the First Rhythmic Gymnastics J.O. Group Championships 8. RSG 1994 World University Games Selection Procedures 9. 1995 Pan American Games Selection Procedures 10. Rhythmic Program Committee Minutes (12/4/94) 11. Rhythmic Technical Committee Minutes (7/5-6/94) 12. Olympic Festival RSG Results (final) 13.The Judges' Viewpoint-1994 Rhythmic Championships 14.RSG Names 1994 USA Academic Team 15.1994 Rhythmic National Championships 16. Levinson Wins Rhythmic Challenge 17.Meet Directors Take Note!

18. Rhythmic Gymnastics Promotional Video Available 19.Rhythmic Gymnastics Level 1-4 Program-Filling the Void!

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Coaching Accreditation (PDP) Materials (5/12/95) 1995 Congress Presenters and Topics (5/12/95) PDP I Preschool Teachers Accreditation Workshop (5/5/95) How to Register Groups for Safety Courses (5/5/95) Safety Certification Course Schedule (5/5/95) PDP Level I Video Clinics (5/5/95) Professional Development Program (PDP) Description (/95) ASEP Course Schedule (5/5/95) 1995 Safety Certification Mandate(Regional meets and higher)

What's New at USA Gymnastics 1. New USAG Women's Collegiate Coordinators Hired (5/95) 2. FIG: Official News (1/3/95) 3. About USA Gymnastics President, Kathy Scanlan

Women's Gymnastics 1. 1995 Team World Championships Selection Procedures (5/95) 2. 1995 TOPs Program Update (5/5/95) 3. Judges Certification, Inc. Minutes (2/20-21/95) 4. Communication from FIG/Women's Technical Committee 5. WTC Minutes, Oakland, Calif. (2/17-19/95) 6. WEPC Minutes (2/19/95) 7. Women's Ad. Board Conference Call Minutes (2/9/95) 8. 1995 Am. Classic and Pan Am Qualifying Trials (12/5/94) 9. 1994 National TOPs Report 10. Women's J.O. Program Committee Minutes 11.Elite Program Committee Minutes (7/22-24/94) 12.Introducing P.RE.P. Optional 13. Women's Ad. Board Conference Call Minutes (6/22/94) 14. Women's Technical Committee Minutes (8/8/94) 15.Women's Administrative Workshop Minutes (7/30/94) 16. Women's ].0. Program Committee Minutes 17. Women's Administrative Board Minutes (5/8/94) 18.Elite Program Committee Minutes (3/4/94)

The Libraries area The Libraries area contains longer articles, information, and databases that are available for downloading. While it is possible to read these articles while on-line, because of the length of these articles, it is a good idea to download the files to your own computer and then read them off-line. (This saves time and log-on charges).

LIBRARIES Menu : Articles

USA Gymnastics Magazine

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Technique Magazine The Fans Speak

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

Telecommunication

The process used to find articles in the Libraries area is different than in the News and Information area. After typing the first two or three letters of a topic area, you will see the following: LIBRARY Topic menu : Directory of Groups

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7. Fitness Leaders Handbook Review 8. Sport Psychology 9. Men's Judging-by John Scheer 10. Research Articles 1l.Gymnastics For Young Children 12.Risk Management for Clubs

APR-94 APR-94 APR-94 FEB-94 FEB-94 JAN-94

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General Gymnastics Info Contents 1. Electronic Gymnastics News Resources 2. USA Gymnastics 3. Survey

Narrow search Widen search Set Topic

NEWS JAN-95 NEWS APR-94 DOCU FEB-94

Technique Magazine Online Contents

Submit (Upload) By typing DIR [RETURN], you will see a listing offile titles . To gain more information about a particular article, you must then type in the title and hit ENTER . You will then receive a short description of the file, a listing of "keywords," and various other choices.

You can use the SEARCH function to progressively identify a list of articles about a topic of interest. For example, if you type "gymnastics, coaching, technique" you will receive a list of all the articles that reference these areas.

The SUBM I T command is used if you desire to upload your own article to be included in the Library. Delphi will take you through the submission process in a step-by-step manner. Once you have submitted an article, it is reviewed by USAG, assigned needed codes, and loaded in the Libraries for all to read and enjoy.

Listed below are current first page files listed in the Directories for the Libraries menu topic categories.

Note: If you would like more information about the first file, "Osgood Schlatter Syndrome," you would type READ Osgood Schla t ter [RETURN] and receive the following screen: Name : OSGOOD SCHLATTER SYNDROME

1. USAG Strategic Plan-Part III 2. 1995 USA Gymnaestrada Delegation 3. On-line Services 4. FIG News (1/95) 5. USAG Strategic Plan-Part II 6. Cheernastics 7. Difficulty 8. RSG Code 9. Point, Counter-point 10.TOPs Research 1994 1l.Technique Index (1994) 13.USAG Strategic Plan-Part I 14.Tkatchev Drills (Sands) 15.Principles for Specific Adaptation 16.Mental Skills Training (Duda) 17.USAG Code of Ethics 18.Gymnaestrad-Palm Springs, Calif.

19. Begin .. .and Stay with the Basics 20. Preschool Teacher Accreditation

Type : ARTICLE

The Fans Speak Contents

Date : 18-APR-1995 23:07 by USGF

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ARTI ARTI ARTI DATA ARTI ARTI

Published by USGF

An article by Don Metzger concerning Osgood Schlatter Syndrome Keywords : INJURIES, KNEE, OSGOOD SCHLATTER , GYMNAST , GYMNASTICS, TRAINING, SPORT MEDICINE / File : 01$USGF$OSSGOOD.TXT Acc : 16-MAY-1995 00 : 21

Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday

Chat Chat Chat Chat Chat Chat

(4/23/95) (4/16/95) (4/2/95) (3/7/95) (2/12/95) (1/30/95)

ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI ARTI

MAR-95 MAR-95 MAR-95 FEB-95 FEB-95 FEB-95 FEB-95 FEB-95 FEB-95 FEB-95 JAN-95 DEC-94 DEC-94 DEC-94 DEC-94 DEC-94 DEC-94 DEC-94 DEC-94

TRAN TRAN TRAN TRAN ARTI ARTI

MAY-95 APR-95 APR-95 MAR-95 FEB-95 FEB-95

TEXT

JUL-94

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FEB-95

Nutrition Contents 1. Nutritional Dense Food

Club Operations Contents 1. Multi-Purpose Facility

Articles Contents 1.

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Osgood Schlatter Syndrome Coach Workshop (12-94) Outline Media USA Gymnastics Document Waivers-by Joy Gibney

ARTI ARTI DATA DOCU ARTI ARTI

APR-95 DEC-94 JUL-94 JUL-94 MAY-94 APR-94 June 1995

Summary I hope this article has provide you with a better understanding of information available on USA GO. All it takes is a computer and a modem to begin to explore USAGO. Please refer to the information on the next page of this issue of Technique to receive five free hours of exploration time on Delphi and USAGO. TECHNIQUE

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JOIN USA GYMNASTICS ONLINE! USA GYMNASTICS has joined with DELPH I in a great new partnership . USA Gymnastics On line ! is the new DELPHI Custom Service offering you the world of gymnastics through your computer and modem.

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Events' Task Force

EVENTS PRESENTATION TASK FORCE: OVERVIEW Don Peters, Chair

he purpose of the events presentation task force is to assess ways to increase exposure to gy mn as ti cs through well run events that are both entertaining and fun for spectators. The objective is ti increase the number of spectators at the venue and in the television v iewing audience increase.

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There are currently six to eight televised U.s. gymnastics events in the USA with the potential for increasing this number, and for improvem ent in the quality of existing events. Improvement will help everyone because these events are the showcases for the sport and important to everyone-athletes, coaches, sponsors, gym owners, and general public. The cities and networks fea turing our events d eserve the best productions we can provide, but at the sam e time we must protect the athletes, the integrity of the competition, and international protocol. The Task Force goal is:

To increase positive exposure to gymnastics for the US audience with better attendance, larger TV interest, and increased popularity through more entertaining, more promotable, and more visible events and coverage.

The scope includes events produced by USAG that are televised or have the potential to be televisied.

The task force was designed to involve people from the vari-

ous production perspectives of an event, including people familiar with Men's, Women's Artistic, and Rhythmic. Others represent the media, thegymowners, the host cities, a nd th e spo nsors. These ta sk force m embers h ave sp lit into sub-committ ees, building their recommendations into a complete plan to reach the goal.

Task Force Members Mike Dyer, President of the St. Louis Sports and Events Commission, is overseeing a review of the bid process to host events.

Mike Milidonis, Head of Gymnastics for the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games (ACOG), is packaging a recommended plan for production and execution with special help from Jerry Anderson,aconsuIting architect involved in production planning fo r professional sports.

Don Peters, former USA National Team Coach and a California gym owner, is looking at how various meet formats impact the production value of events.

Stan Feig, a producer for television (primarily gymnas tics and skating events) w ith Billy

Graham Productions, is outlining how events can l should fit into a total gymnastics public relations package.

Marje Kiley, a marketing consultant and former gym owner, is looking at how to use all the collected recommendations to formulate a framework for executing events consistently.

Wendy Hilliard, a former Rhythmic champion and current president of the Women's Sports Foundation.

David Michaels, a producer doing frequen t gymnastics events for NBC. Chester Wheeler, representing USAG sponsor Reebok will add insight to all of the subcommittees.

If you would like to add your input into the project, there are several ways fo r you to do so: 1. Send a letter with your ideas to: Events Task Force, c/o USA Gymnastics, 201 S. Capitol, Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225.

2. Contact any member of the task force by phone.

Contact Heather Whitaker at USAG 317-237-5050 for phone or fax numbers.

3. Attend a work session or complete a questionnaire at the National Congress/Nationals in New Orleans in August. Watch for more details on this when you arnve.

June 1995 TECHNI QUE

Membership Task Force

MEMBERSHIP TASK FORCE REPORT f';I A

Julia Thompson-Aretz, Chair Dave Moskovitz, Director of Membership

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Task Force Members Julia Thompson-Aretz Task Force Chair TAGS, Apple Valley, Minn.

Karl Bishop

Apollo School of Gymnastics, Clearwater, Fla.

Bob Colarossi

Massachusetts Gymnastics Center, Inc., Waltham, Mass.

Tamara Dasso

Encore Gymnastics, Walnut Creek, Calif.

Tighe King

National Gymnastics Foundation Tighe Industries, Inc., York, Penn.

AlIa Svirsky

Los Angeles School of Gymnastics, Los Angeles, Calif.

Conrad Voorsanger

USAG Athlete's Advisory Council Novato, Calif.

Dave Moskovitz

USAG Director of Membership, Indianapolis, Ind.

Mission

A preliminary conference call was conducted on March 30.

Present were all members of the Task Force, along with Kathy Scanlan, President of USAG; Rod Davis, Vice President of Marketing and Communication; and Sandra Hughes, membership consultant. Agreement was reached on the mission and goals. Each member of the Task Force was to conduct a survey of ten members prior to the scheduled meeting in Indianapolis.

The first meeting was conducted May 4-5 in Indianapolis, prior to the spring USA Gymnastics Board of Directors meeting. Background information on current membership totals and programs was presented, along with research from other sports governing bodies and member organizations. A summary of survey information was compiled. Following the strategic planning model, the Task Force was able to accomplish the following:

Examine the Marketing Environment Success 路 Strategic Advantage

Internal Analysis 路 Strengths 路 Weaknesses

External Analysis

The USA Gymnastics Membership Task Force shall make recommendations to increase membership and to improve member services which will enable USA Gymnastics to meet its mission of encouraging participation and the pursuit of excellence in all aspects of gymnastics.

Goals A.

To identify ways to enhance membership services and USAG's overall service orientation.

B.

To increase membership participation and enrollment.

C.

To recommend potential benefits for USAG members toward increasing membership value and satisfaction.

D.

To think strategically about the needs of members and suggest ways to meet those needs .

E.

To begin to form marketing strategies to increase membership involvement in and strengthen commitment to USAG by increasing awareness of services and the value of membership.

The Membership Task Force, one of four task forces outlined in the USAG Strategic Plan, was given the task of evaluating current membership programs and making recommendations for the future. The members of the Task Force were identified during January and February of 1995.

June 1995

Image Opportuni ties / Threa ts Competition In addition, a model for club membership was discussed, including benefits, insurance, and requirements.

A progress report was made at the Board of Directors meeting by the chair, Julia Thompson-Aretz.

To continue its work, the Task Force has tentatively scheduled a conference call for the week of June 5, and its second meeting June 27-28.

A final recommendation/ report is to be made to the Board of Directors at its fall meeting, November 11-12.

The Membership Task Force welcomes your input. Please forward your suggestions to our new address: David Moskovitz, Director of Membership, Stutz Business Center, 212 W. 10th Street, Suite E-235, Indianapolis, IN 46202 TECHNIQUE

Men's Task Force

TASK FORCE ON TRAINING FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS FOR ELITE MALE GYMNASTS

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Purpose The Task Force will assess the current state of facilities and programs available for the development and training of elite level male gymnasts and make recommendations to ensure the future availability of such programs and facilities at a level that will allow the United States to field highly competitive international teams.

Background

With the reduction and/ or demise of the men's collegiate program, USA Gymnastics must develop options in addition to the NCAA system to train elite level male gymnasts and to provide incentives for younger athletes to remain in the sport.

Task Force Members

Francis Allen Scott Barclay

Curt Hamakawa Judy Holland Scott Keswick Deborah Nelson Dale Neuberger DonOhannes Joseph Phelps

Jack Swarbrick

USAG Staff:

USA Gymnastics has 9,7000 registered competitive male athletes. Relative to the women's program, few private clubs offer training for developing elite athletes. For elite athletes in their prime college years, the United States has historically relied on the NCAA institutions which have contributed the majority of members of the national teams (five of the seven member 1992 Olympic Team trained at NCAA institutions) .

Since 1976 the number of NCAA Division I men's gymnastics programs has dropped from 176 to 32. The resultant decline in scholarship availability has affected the interest of junior and high school age boys in continuing in gymnastics.

Richard Young

Mike Strada

Browns Gymnastics Metro, Orlando, Fla. (Fax 407-246-1586; JROBINHOOD@delphi.com) Director, Gateway Services, Atlanta, Ga. (Fax 404- 916-3391) USAG Legal Counsel, Baker & Daniels, Indianapolis, Ind . (Fax 317-237-1000)

Task Force Chair Attorney & Managing Partner, Holme, Roberts, and Owen, Colorado Springs.

Colo. (Fax 719-633-1518) Head Coach, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. (Fax 402-472-9449) Head Coach, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, Ariz. (Fax 602-965-2210; AUSH@imap1.asu.edu) Asst. Dir. of Athletic Support, USOC, Colo. Springs, Colo. (Fax 719-632-5852) Sr. Assoc. Director, UCLA Intercollegiate Athletics, Los Angeles, Calif.

(Fax 310-206-4269) USAG AAC, Los Angeles, Calif.

Asst. Dir. of Championships, NCAA (Fax 913-339-0026) President, Indiana Sports Corp., Indianapolis, Ind. (317-237-5041) Glenview, Ill. Attorney, Rinella and Rinella Ltd ., Chicago, Ill. (Fax 312-236-6975; ANDIRONICUS@aol.com) June 1995

Kathy Scanlan Gary Alexander Ron Galimore Dennis McIntyre Mas Watanabe

President V.P. of Program and Events Men's Program Director Men's Program Manager Men's Tech. Coordinator

Tasks 1. Determine the number and type of programs currently available in the United States for the training and development of elite male gymnasts.

2. Determine the number of athletes involved in men's gymnastics at a competitive level and trends in those numbers.

3. Assess the number of participants and numbers of elite athletes needing to train to maintain an internationally competitive position.

4. Assess the availability and projected availability of facilities/ programs to meet the needs of these participants and elite athletes and the projected gap.

5. Develop a benchmark prototype(s) of a training facility and program.

6. Survey other Olympic sports to determine how training and programmatic needs have been met.

7. Identify alternative available to USA Gymnastics to encourage the development of training facilities and programs for elite male athletes considering a range of partners including, but not limited to: (a) existing NCAA institutional programs; (b) private clubs; (c) municipal agencies including Park Districts and Sports Commissions; and (d) the USOC and/ or other National Governing Bodies.

8. Identify financing alternatives for the development and operation of such facilities.

9. Identify financial and other commitments necessary from USA Gymnastics to develop such programs.

Reports In interim report was presented at the USA Gymnastics Board of Directors meeting in May, and a final report is due at the Board's meeting in November.

TECHNIQUE

Twisting

STYLE OF TwISTING

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Douglas Windsor

his article is a collection of thoughts, techniques, and progressions I have used in teaching twisting.

Of course, this is not the only way to view twisting. All I ask is that you understand these styles from both the coach's and gymnast's point of view and then make your own judgments.

T

There are exceptions to any style of twisting. Each gymnast will feel something different when attempting any gymnastics element. To categorize all twisting into only one" correct" style would be illogical.

This article will not center on teaching setting or wrapping of saltos-it is written to discuss twisting styles . With this in mind, many of the progressions have been generalized.

Side of twisting First, define what direction a gymnast is twisting . Most people view a right twist as a movement of the gymnast's right shoulder moving backward. This should be identical regardless of what kind of element the gymnast is performing; front salto or back salto.

Keep in mind a backward movement to a gymnast is not always what the coaches see-the gymnast may be upside-down.

Contrary to this understanding, a right cartwheel is often defined as a cartwheel with the right leg leading and the right hand of the gymnast touching the ground first. This creates a small problem in understanding twisting because this right sided cartwheel is actually a left twisted element! We will go with this understanding: Right cartwheel and roundoff (RO) = right leg and hand leading Right twist = right shoulder moving backward

Styles of twisting

performing a whip salto, the head is not thrown .

Styles of twisting are categorized these into A-, B-, and Cstyles.

A-style = Right sided cartwheel or roundoff with right twisting salto (or vice versa)

The set is the direction of the salto. On trampoline, there should be no traveling. On floor, traveling can not be avoided, but has acceptable ranges (i.e. whips should travel). Single, double, and triple' saltos will travel because of the momentum created by the gymnast in the lead-up (i.e . run and/ or roundoff, flic flac) . But the actual progression for setting a salto is achieved by several different methods .

B-style = Right sided cartwheel or roundoff with left twisting salto (or vice versa) C-style = Comfort style. No matter what side the gymnast performs a cartwheel or roundoff, the twistis in whatever direction feels more comfortable Every coach, whether they believe it or not, teaches one of these styles.

Rules for twisting 1. In all twisting, your body will follow your head. Shoulders initiate the twist, but the head should lead.

2. Late twisting is better than early twisting. It should not begin immediately after take-off. This leads to low, unsquared saltos, and precarious landings.

3. Height and rotation are key factors with any twisting salto. Height equals air time; more air time equals increased twist. Airborne twisting stems from the basic movement of rotationsteal from Peter to pay Paul.

Basic progressions Basi( saltos The most important part in training any salto without a twist is the neutrality of the head . "Setting" the salto is where the gymnast should be focused. The head plays no part in the set-it should remain neutral with eyes focused on one spot during take-off and then u sed only to spot the landing . Unless the gymnast is

One technique is called "pitch and pulL" The gymnast sets the salto by pitching (lifting) the chest, hips, and arms (not the head) and then pulls the arms and/ or legs into the salto. In all saltos, the hips should be rolled under the torso to achieve better rotation. Remember height and rotation are key factors of twisting. The set of any saito must be mastered before twisting technique is introduced.

Front saito twisting (beg.)

The first twisting sal to should be a front tuck-open brani-out (half twist) done on trampoline. In this progression, the kick-open is the action that actually initiates the twist .

Therefore, the following rules apply: 1. The higher the saito, the faster the rotation (in tuck or pike) 2. The earlier the open, the more twisting can be done Front layout twisting and taking these skills to the floor are done later in the progression simply because of safety.

Trampoline also teaches basic twisting (the kick-open) in skills like swivel hips, barrel rolls, and cradles.

Once the gymnast has learned a front layout, the same

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

progression applies, however, the rules have changed. Height is always good, however, we may not want to rotate the salto faster. As for rule three, there is no kick- open. In it' s place, the earlier the twist begins, the more twisting can be done. However, the twist should not come directly off the floor! -twisting should be initiated just before vertical.

Ba(k saito twisting (beginner) By this time, the gymnast should be able to perform a roundoff, flic flac, layout on floor with good technique. A half twist is introduced by having the gymnast drop one shoulder back just as the saito reaches vertical. This attempt should not be spotted - instead, utilize a soft skill cushion. The twist is done to the predetermined side.

A trampoline may be used instead of the roundoff, flic flac lead up.

The advan(ed progression up to this point, all three styles can be used effectively.

From this point forward, the Astyle has a unique advantage as far as progression.

Ba(k saito twisting (adv.)

Since the gymnast has now mastered both half twisting saltos in the same direction, the full twisting back salto is like adding 1 + 1 = 2. Or better stated as, half + half = 1. The gymnast is told to perform a back layout, twist just before vertical, and then brani-out of the salto.

Once the gymnast has mastered this technique in back twisting, the formulas of half + 11/ 2 = 2 (rudi-out) or half + 21/2 = 3 (randolph-out) can be introduced. This mayor may not need to be spotted. If spotting, only catch the landing for safety. Do not do the twist for them! The gymnast has now been introduced to multiple twisting back saltos.

Vault twisting Tsukahara Using the A-style, a roundoff is a twist in the opposite direction of the salto twist of the gym

Twisting

nast. Therefore, a Tsukahara vault should be taught as a twisting pre-flight instead of a roundoff type skill. This is taught towards the gymnast's twisting side (unlike the roundoff) . Be sure the gymnast twists towards the same side as in her back full on floor. The best way to approach this is if the twisted pre-flightis a totally new skill. Start from the basics.

We are actually teaching a onequarter to half twisted handspring (taught as a late twist just before hand contact). As in the twisting progression, smaller twists such as half's are used to teach the bigger twisting skills like fulls or doubles.

Half-ons may be taught as quarter-ons at first, but then changed into actualhalf-ons before taken to the horse. Be careful if teaching a quarter-on because of the sideward landing and the stress on the knees.

The problem with a Tsukahara is even with it twisting just before vertical, it is still an early twist. With early twisting, the gymnast tends to twist the opposite direction-more like a roundoff. Telling the gymnast to do it like a roundoff on the wrong side defeats the purpose-the gymnast will perform an early twisted pre-flight (immediately off the board).

One way of teaching this progression could be as follows: Go back to the trampoline and have the gymnast perform a straight body handspring.

Watch for the shoulders to be open. Once this skill is mastered, an actual quarter or half twisted handspring is worked (late twist, before hand contact).

Spend more time on this step so that the gymnast becomes consistent in keeping an open shoulder angle. From here, put it back over the horse.

Tsukahara full Once the basic Tsukahara is mastered (tuck, pike, and layout progressively), Tsukahara 'ull work can begin. One of the main reasons the A-style preflight is taught is so a Tsukahara full can continue twisting in the same direction. There is one exception to the rule-men al-

most always twist the opposite (B-style) since they perform only a quarter-on before the saIto. This makes it easier for them to complete a twisted saIto (Kasamatsu) . Tsukahara full with a quarter twisted pre-flight is actually a P/ 4 twisted saito.

Kasamatsu is only a three-quarter twisted saito.

The gymnast that learns the pre-flight using the B-style will need to take extra time to square up the pre-flight before the twisting saito begins. This step requires a considerable amount of time since the gymnast will feel more comfort in doing the pre-flight more like the roundoff (a quarter twist to the opposite side unsquared) .

If by chance you have gymnasts who perform their preflight like a roundoff (twisting opposite of their full), it would be wise to explore the topic of Kasamatsu vs. Tsukahara full.

A Kasamatsu is a pre-flight twist in one direction, and a postflight twist in the other. The Tsukahara twists in only one direction throughout.

Beam twisting When twisting a skill (primarly dismounts) from either a roundoff, flic flac, or cartwheel, a new problem occurs.

Most gymnasts learn to tumble on beam by using a step-together approach. This simply means the gymnast lands on the beam with one foot slightly in front of the other. Using the Bstyle, if the twisted skill is attempted from a step-together lead up, the gymnast's body will become torqued on take-offplacing a strain on the lower back and knees.

She must learn to completely square the skill before the dismount or other twisted element is attempted. The alternative is to tumble everything with the feet side by side. This problem does not occur if the gymnast has been taught the A-style.

B-style of twisting This style of twisting is similar to A-style-but opposite.

When gymnasts learn their first roundoff, the coach figures out the direction of the twist and June 1995

uses this to dictate all of the gymnasts' future twisting. The problem with this is that all twisting step-outs will have the problems indicated earlier.

Since the roundoff twists the same direction as the back full, Tsukaharafull vaulting will not have any "big" problems since the pre-flight will twist the same direction. Instead, they will have to correct the pre-flight so that it does not look or perform like a roundoff. This is also different from the first view simply because the gymnast learned the pre-flight as a twisted handspring and not a roundoff. Once again, beam series and dismounts that twist become torqued and must become completely squared.

C-style of twisting Let's look at a different approach to teaching twisting.

Most gymnasts start twisting the same with cartwheels and roundoffs, but the actual twisting side of a roundoff is ignored.

Back twisting becomes the first experimental grounds for the gymnast. Many coaches start their gymnasts with half twisting back layouts and then progress to full twists. Often, the twist is taught only towards the gymnast's most comfortable side-often the gymnast chooses a side without guidance from the coach. Most gymnasts also choose the A-style, but some do not.

Front twisting to this point has been ignored with the exception of the ear ly twisted brani dismount off of beam. Almost 100 percent of the time, the twist is taught and competed to the same side as the gymnast's roundoff (an aerial roundoff).

This early twisted saIto is most likely opposite from the gymnast's back twisting saito.

Front saIto twisting is usually done early and towards the roundoff twist. This makes front full step-outs extremely hard to teach if using the A-style. This happens because the step-out for a roundoff or other skill will naturally be easiest on the opposite side. Imagine the gymnast doing a right roundoff-if TECHNIQUE

the twist goes towards the actual left twist of the roundoff, the gymnast must square up the salto in order to step out on the right leg. Not to mention that knee injuries would seem more common due to the stress placed on the first landing leg. In order to avoid these mishaps, front twisting in this style should only an experiencial or play basis for the gymnast.

In vaulting, the thought of pre-flight twisting the opposite direction is not realized until Tsukahara fulls's are attempted.

At this point the coach and gymnast must back track and either learn the pre-flight in the opposite direction or square up the current pre-flight. Most likely, the latter of the two solutions will be used . The only other alternative would be to call the vault a Kasamatsu.

Overview To review, we have examined three different styles. of teaching twisting. Mos t coaches and gymnasts practice the comfort style since many times the gymnast automatically twists using the A-style. The only oversights in this area would be the twisting style of the preflight on vault and the opposite twisting directions of front and back tumbling. Many coaches don't notice the mistakes in twisting and simply deal with the situation-accepting it as a natural part of training. On the same lines, if a gymnast chooses the B-style, the coach will, once again, miss the mistake and simply deal with the twisted stepout or delete it in her program.

Not to mention the twisted beam series and dismounts.

The q ues tion remains: Which style should be used? In reality, most gymnasts do not achieve a high level of gymnastics. Therefore, the comfort style is used with no real repercussion. However, if a higher level is desired, then one of the other two twisting styles is preferred. All three styles have problems and exceptions, but it is logical to go with the A-style to build amore all-around gymnast.

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Coaches Education

ASEP I

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COACHING PRINCIPLES

• USA Gymnastics Safety Certification

27 & 28 - Lexington, KY TIme: TBA Location: TBA (ourse Dir: Steve Schoenboechler 502-458-8094 28 & 29 - Mundelein, IL TIme: TBA (ourse Dir: Norbert Bendixen

To

more accurately reflect their current programs and future efforts, ACEP is now ASEP, American Sport Education Program. In addition, the Sport Science Course is now titled "Coaching Principles Course." USA Gymnastics feels this is a positive change which indicates more specifically the content areas covered in this comprehensive course curriculum.

• USA Gymnastics Professional Membership • PDP Levell Accreditation

AUGUST 16 New Orleans, LA Time: 9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.

1995 USA Gymnastics National (ongress The New Orleans Hilton Riverside and Towers (ourse Dir: TBA (ontact: Tina Sunier 317-237-5050 ext 238 25 & 26 - Wall, NJ Time: TBA Devlin Gymnastics 2351 Highway 34 PO Box 1335; 07719 (ourse Dir: Taro Yamagucci 201-316-2507

Use the form below to pre-register for the course of your choice. To guarantee your registration, a completed form must be received by USA Gymnastics three weeks (21 days) prior to the published course date.

Successful completion of this course fulfills ONE requirement for PDP Level II Accreditation.

GYMNASTICS

• ASEP Coaching Principles Course

JULY

14

1t«GI~

PDP LEVEL ..

REQUIREMENI'S

18 Tampa, FL TIme: 8:00 o.m.-5:00 p.m.

Region 8 Mini (ongress; Saddlebrook Resort (ourse Dir: Jeff LaFleur 813-968-8152 Local (ontact: Tim Keckler 813-962-3220

• Technique Guide to Coaching exam • PDP Level II Experience form • J.O. Compuslory Exam (M, W, R)

USA Gymnastics-ASEP Coaching Principles Course- Registration Form

Fill in the following form as completely and accurately as possible. please print or type.

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Date:______ Location : _________________________________________ Course Instructor(s) _______________________________________________

Course Information

1. The textbook for the Coaching Principles course is Successful Coaching. The textbook is included in the course fee . Preregistered participants will receive their materials at the course.

2. The course fee is $80. USAG Professional Members may register at the reduced rate of $70.

3. Successful completion of this course fulfills the Sport Science requirement for PDP Level II Accreditation.

4. Send completed form with payment to: USA Gymnastics, Pan American Plaza, 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225 Payment:

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June 1995 TECHNIQUE

International Gymnastics Federation

OFFICIAL

FIG NEWS

Reprinted from the FIG Flash, No.5, April 1995

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THE FIG EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TOOK THE FOLLOWING IMPORTANT DECISIONS AT ITS MEETING IN MOUTIER (SUI) ON MARCH 2-3, J995.

Doping The Regulations of Doping Controls and he Regulations on the Medical Organization of FIG Events have been modified and . brought up to date.

At the last Team World Championships held in Dortmund in November 1994 one anti-doping test was positive.

This is the first time in the history of the FIG that such an incident has occurred.

The low dope count of the substance found (although it was a prohibited product), the circumstances in which the substance was taken (to fight off a minor infection), and the good faith of the athlete in question led the FIG authorities to be both lenient and vigilant at the same time. Gymnasts were informed that a severe warning had been given, and the reasons were stated. The FIG's decision is intended to prevent future errors of this kind through an educational approach.

Gymnastics injuries A study carried out recently in the United States shows that reported accidents at world championships are down. The FIG's Medical Commission, chaired by Dr. Michele U~glise, nevertheless suggests that a statistical survey and check on accidents should be maintained.

Such data would be useful to the members of the Technical

Committees and the Apparatus Commission. In addition, the German Federation has carried out a study on the risk of injuries and lesions in Women's Artistic Gymnastics. Its conclusions, together with data from other studies at present being undertaken, will be the subject of a comprehensive discussion at the next meeting of the Executive Committee to be held in Berlin in July.

Four Continents Championships The 1997 RSG Four Continents Championships has been awarded to the Australian Federation and are to be held in Sydney. This choice was motivated partly by the rotation principle between the continents and partly by the opportunity it will give the organizers to use the event as a test in the run-up to the Sydney OlympiC Games in the Year 2000.

New provisional member Bosnia-Herzegovina Federation has been provisionally admitted to the FIG. This brings the number of affiliated federations to 121. It will be for the 1996 General Assembly to ratify the Executive Committee's decision.

World Gymnaestrada

Aerobics The minimum age for participants in the first FIG Aerobics World Championships has been fixed at 18 years.

From March 6-13, 1995, 70 candidates representing 30 nations from all five continents gathered in Ebnat-Kappel, a small Swiss town. This town will enter the annals of the FIG as the host of the first intercontinental judges' and coaches' course for Sportive Aerobics.

The first meeting of the Sportive Aerobics Commission was held on the same occasion, attended by FIG President Yuri Titov. Following the decision of the 1994 Congress, this sportive discipline is now one of the FIVE sports under the umbrella of the FIG. The first official World Championships will take place in Paris on December 15-17, organized by the experienced French Gymnastics Federation.

At the end of this lengthy seminar, 59 candidates took the examinations to obtain the international judges' brevet, and 45 of them returned home with this precious document.

OTHER FIG NOTES Provisional entries for the gymnastics World Championships:

The 10th World Gymnaestrada to be held in Berlin on July 9-15, 1995, expects 20,000 gymnasts from 35 countries.

Rhythmic in Vienna-

Congratulations and our best wishes for success go to Mr. Jean Willisegger (SUI), Chairman of the FIG Technical Committee for General Gymnastics, who has just been appointed to the Sport for All Commission of the IOC.

American Athletic, Inc .

(AAI), (Jefferson, Iowa, USA) has been appointed to be the Gymnastics Equipment official supplier to the 1996 Atlanta Centennial Olympic Games. Founded in 1957,

Artistic in Sabae54 federations 46 federations

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

AAI has also supplied the World Championships in 1979 (Ft. Worth), in 1991 (Indiana polis), and has been the official supplier to USA Championships since 1976.

Artistic and Rhythmic Sportive Gymnastics at the Pan American Games in Mar del Plata in Argentina met with enormous public success. Experts gave their opinion that the performances of the gymnasts were of a quality rarely achieved.

The Congress of the Pan American Gymnastics Union (P AGU) too place against the background of this tournament. The President, William Torres (CUB) was reelected by the Assembly. We congratulate him and wish him much success during his new term of office.

Federation Internationale de Gynmastique (FIG) P.O. Box 359 - 2740

Moutier, Switzerland Phone: (41) 32.936.666

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1995 Congress

CONGRESS ADD·ONS AND MEETINGS This schedule is tentative and subject to change.

Description

Day/Time

For Registration information:

Wednesday, August 16

., I

8:00 arrH>:oo pm PDP I Preschool Accreditation

Invitation (J.Lee)

8:15-11-30 am

Add-on Form

PDP I Video Clinic Instructor course PDP I Video Clinic

A18

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1:00-6:00 pm 7:00-10:00 pm

CONGRESS 995

THE FACTS Host City: New Orleans, LA Congress Dates: Pre-Congress Sessions . August 16 Congress Sessions· August 17-19 Post Congress Sessions . August 20 Coca-Cola National Championships . August 16-19

U.S. Championships Transportation: Taxi service is available from the hotel to the U.S. Championships sessions at the Superdome. The Superdome is approximately five minutes from the hotel. USAG is exploring other transportantion altematives.

Hotel Parking: $lO/day (reg.), $11Iday (valet)

CONGRESS REGISTRATION

AIRLINES

Early Registration (postmarked by July 1) $125 Late Registration: (postmarked after July 1) $150 Non-Members: $210 Registration is non-refundable otter August 4.

No pre-registration otter July 24. Atter July 24, you must register on-site.

~. Delta Air Lines

CONGRESS HOTEL The New Orleans Hilton Riverside and Towers, Poydras at the Mississippi River New Orleans, LA 70140 Ph: (504) 561-0500 FAX: (504) 568-1721

RATES Single/Double:

$109 (Standard) $144 (Tower) Additional person: $25 You must make reservations by July 17

GROUND TRANSPORTATION Airport Transportation: $10 one way The Hilton Riverside is within 15 minutes of the New Orleans Airport.

Safety Certification (new participants)

Add-on Form

Safety Certification (re-certification)

Add-on Form

Rhythmic Level9/l0 Judging course

Add·on Form

Thursday, August 17

USA GYMNASTICS 1

Add·on Form

8:45 am-6:oo pm PDP II ASEP Sport Science course

The Official Airline of the 1996 Olympic Games Delta Airlines is offering special disount fares for Congress attendees. To take advantage of these savings follow these steps: , Call Delta Airlines at 1-800-241-6760 • Use Group Number: M 0147 . Identify yourself as a USAG Congress attendee

EXHIBITION HALL The Exhibit Hall will provide Congress attendees with the opportunity to see the latest and the best in equipment, apparel. and services.

1995 COCA-COLA NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS Congress attendees will be able to enjoy one of the most important competitions of the 1995 season-the Coca-Cola National Championships for men and women will be held in the New Orleans Superdome. Information on session times and ticket prices are provided on page 22 of this magazine.

8:30am-12:oopm USAG Sponsor Seminar

Invitation

9:00 am-9:oo pm Rhythmic Level 9/l 0 Judging course

Add-on Form

5:45-8:00 pm

PDP I Video Clinic

Add·on Form

5:45-10:00 pm

Safety Certification (new participants)

Add·on Form

Safety Certification (re-certification)

Add-on Form

6:00-10:00 pm

Rhythmic Level 6 Judging course

Add-on Form

7:00-10:00 pm

USECA-W meeting

CCC

8:00-10:00 pm

Classroom Systems seminar

Invitation (G.Thibodeau)

7:00-8:00 am

Men's RCISC meeting & brunch

Invitation (R.Galimore)

8: 15-9:45 am

USGSA meeting & brunch

Members (H.Gibson)

1:00-2:00 pm

Men's National Team Luncheon

Invitotion (R.Galimore) Add-on Form

Friday, August 18

5:00-9:00 pm

Rhythmic Level 5 Judging course

5:00-10:00 pm

RhythmiC Level 718 Judging course

Add-on Form

5:45-6:45 pm

Men's GymnastiCS Coaches Association

CCC

TBD

USAG Athlete's Council Reception

Invitation

Saturday, August 19 12:30-3:30 pm

NACGC-W meeting

CCC

1:00-TBD

Women's Regional Board meetings

Closed (K.Feldmann)

1:00-2:00 pm

Rhythmic General Membership Meeting

Congress credential

2:00-3:00 pm

Rhythmic FIG Update

Congress credential

2:30-3:30 pm

NAWGJ Bd. of Dir. meeting

Closed

2:30-3:30 pm

NAWGJ meeting

CCC

3:30-5:30 pm

NACGC-W Clinic

CCC

9:00-9:45 pm

USAG "Ceremony of Honors"

Ticket required

9:30pm

USAG Mardi Gras Banquet- doors open

Ticket required

9:50pm

USAG Mardi Gras Banquet-doors open

Ticket required

Sunday, August 20 8:00-9:30 am

Judges Certification, Inc. (JCI) meeting

Closed (D.Darst)

8:30-10:30 am

National Safety Certifiers mtg & brunch

Invitation (USAG)

8:45-1 :00 pm

Safety Certification (new participants)

Add-on Form

Safety Certification (re-certification)

Add-on Form

9:00·1 :00 pm

Women's RCISC Workshop & brunch

Invitation (C. Maloney)

9:00-11 :30 am

Rhythmic Judging examinations

Add-on Form

9:00-9:45 am

JCI active status coordinator's meeting

Invitation

10:00-11 :30 am JCI examination administration

Sign-up on site

11:30 am-I :00 pm Women's Skill Evaluator's examination

Add-on Form

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

JCI Board of Directors meeting

Closed (D.Darst)

1995 Congress

Tentative Congress Schedule Note: The following schedule is tentative and subject to change. USAG is in the process of confirming the Presenters time committments regarding the Congress and the Coca-Cola National Championships .

Th urs daYt August TIme \Rm. 1O:0Dll:15

I

17

Nopoleon I,DOD A· BUCOlO, Lyons, Lowe, Colvert -Sofe

Rosedown 100 R· N.Compbelllnlro.

To Rhythmic Gym.

Elmwood 100 WJ· ProcliceJudging Elile UB &fX WJ Procnce Judging L10 V&BB

Cheerleodin~

I1:3DI2:3D LUNCH 1:0D2:00 2:15-3:IS 3:3D4:30 4:45-5:45

W·T.Gehmon Condilioning fOI Women's Gvm.

R· P.Hillikel Rhylhmic Level 1-2 Closses

W- P.liddick flexibility Tloining

M-M. Wolonobe flonl Tumbling Techniques R- P.Hillikel Closs Planning

W- S.Nunno How 10 Monvole Your Athleles W-M.L.Trocey Sioff Molivonon & Effecnveness B- P.KomOlo Ideas fOI School- age Classes

R- P. Hillikel Rhythmic Level 3-4 Closses R- Mainor, Spolo Pleschool Rhylhmic Gymn.

~COOse

M~rose

100 WJ· Procnce Judging L5-7 V&BB WJ Procnce Judging L5·7 UP &fX

IIll

S-D.AdIOld Biomechonics of Twisling S-IMcNeol WeighlTrng fOI Plepubescenl S- DI.BenOldolSlless froc!ule Risk: Exolorolion S- DI.BenOldol Noulish{heck Alhlele Softl'lore

WJPloclice Judging Level 8 WJ- C.Homillon To Give 01 Nollo Give:on BB WJ Proclice Judging Level 9 W-GWollen TOPs Updole

Elmwood 170 USAG -J.Holl Coaching Ablood

Belle COOse 170 WJ -Schweyel, M. ClOSS fiG Tech. Video

USAG - Moskovilz Everything you need 10 know oboul insuronce USAG -K.Sconlon USAG BSllolegic Plan &Bud~el Report USAG -SWOlblick, Kleulzel-USAG Code of Elhics

WJ-Schweyel JI. Not. E. Tesnng

Mellose 170 M-L Muzyczko, 1 Schell Camp &Jdg Tlends R&V S- DI.NossOl Injury Plevenlion TlOining

WJ.L.Beron To Give or Not: floOlExelcise WJ (& cooches loa!)

-D.PelelS-Gel 0Grip!

(UB)

S- DI.BenOldol TimeUne Enelgy Inloke Anolysis S-SpOIl Science Commmee Ponel Q&A

P-J Morthy Techniques fOI Difficull Momenls

A- S.WhiMock Generol Gymnosncs

USAG -D.Pelels, M.Kiley - Even~ Task force USAG -N.MOIsholl femole Mhlele Tliod Task fOlce USAG - Moskovitz , Aretz-MembTosk force

Mognolio IIll A. SAmmelmon HOInell &Seol Beloy Climbing P- N.Geigell Undelslonding Devel App.I,\vml B-S JCliffold If I Build II, Will They Come? (PI 1) B-S J Cliffold I Builll II, They Come l (PI 2) W-KolI,Moloney 10. Updole Holverl &Lord Choreoglophy fOI Cheelleodin!

Versoilles 650 M· B./unich Camp. & Judging Tlends·Pommel M-S.Bulchel Camp. & Judging Tlends

BolllOom 'C' 900 W· DJronz BB ploglessions & Dlills W- T.Koll Cleonve ChOleogrophy

Bollroom ' 0' 900 B. T.Lenzini Owning YOUI own gym

R- N.Compbell Basic GIOUp Acnvines .

W-J.Wojlczuk UB Composinon

W-S.Ellion flipping Voulls

B-LBulgdorf Cuslomel Comploinls

W-V.Artemov BosicBOIs

B-J .. MelzgeIMoke youisioff mOle lesponsible P- L.Shuck Gomes & Cilcuils ideos

W- B.Hough UB Dlills

W-Elfenbein, Gleenhowk BB &fXComo.

P- J LulloP.S. Concepls &

B- J.Lulio Advelnsing ond Public Relolions

Plo~lessions

W-V.Artemov WJ· J.5cholk, S.Ellion flex. &Condo for fX& flip 'N Twisl BB

FrI'd aYt A ugust 18 Napoleon I,DOD B-S.Gleeley Designing fliers for YOUI Gvm M-PelelVidmor Dediconion &Gaols

Rosedown 170 B-R.5milh Closs &Twm Plooroms B. T.Lenzini Avoiding Ihe Cosh Clunch

ID:45-11:4S

B· S Cook Selling YOUI PlOglOm

12:0DI:DO

W-M.L.Trocey Athlele Monvonon Technioues

S-01. Bologue Menlol Trng fOl Ihe Rhymic Gym. R-G.Glib Trng the Level S/ 6 Gvmnosl

TIme\Rm 8:0D9:00 9:15-10:15

LUNCH 2:0D3:00 3:15-4:15 4:3D5:30

B- LBulgdorf Teoching ond Owning 95'-99' P- PDP I Pleschool Awed. fOl TeochelS (KAT) B-S.Gleeley The Chollenges of Leodin~ YOUI Sioff

A R.Kulshols Piloles Troining R- Yokhimovich Troining the Level 7 Gymnosl R-L.Loshoff Developing Level 7-8 Oplionols

M- LSosvory, M.Grohom-Comp Jdg Trn. PB &HB M- A. Glossfeld, H.Bjelke - Inl'l Trovel for G,C.J P- G.Thibodeou Communiconng wilh 2-4 yl aids

P- N.Geigert Rhythms ond Ool1!e

B- S.Whillock, R.Horiell USAG Online!

B- R.HOIless No~gole the Inlemel

Mognolio 170 A-Bucoro, Lyons, Lowe, ColvertCheelleod~m

A·Bucoro, Colvert Cheernoslics Cordia Cilcuil USAG -M.Ruskomp GUOlding NCAA Eligibility B- B.5progue Salellile School ProglOms P- KJ-Hickie PS fOl Childlen wi Disobilines A- LOId, Colvert Cheer: PortnelSlun~

Versoilles 600

IHoy Guro 10. Updole (stnrts oI8:30) A-Buddy Lee Jump Rope WizOld M-G.ScholOls Developing Speed & Power

Dok Alley 170 P- SSchell Hinls for Porenl{hild Plgroms P-J . McCorthy Successful Theme Weeks P- B. Dovis Pleschool flexibility M- K.BishopSiorting 0 Boys' Plogrom

M- ROlhlisbergel, R Horney-Trng.

Preporonon M- Rolhlisbelgel, R Horney-Cond.l.lole Gymnosls M-Bronl& MOIinilchT moves on PB

M& W. D.AdIOld ReleoseMoves Biomechonics M&W - D.AdIOld Tumbling Dbl loyoul USAG - Moskovilz IRiskMonogemenl

5aturdaYt A ugus t 19 TIme\Rm 8:3D9:30 9:45-10:45 11:0DI2:0D

Nopoleon lDOD W-G.POSZOl Explessive Plesenlonon W-L Biggs, V. Artemov Bodv Alionmenl W-B. KOIol~ SeC/e~ 10 Successful

Rosedown 170 R- 01. 8010gue Working wilh Rhylhmic POIenls R-S.5lefonov Tech 10 Imp Trng Leops & fouenes

Elmwood 170

8 - f.5ohlein Pulling il 011 Togethel W- Thielz, Kelly, feldmonn-College CoordinololS

Coochin~

Belle Chose 170 WJProcnce Judging LIOUB&fX WJProcfice Judging Elile V&BB WJ -01. Dudo Judges' Survey Resulls

Bollroom 'A' 850 USAG -R.Young Men's Tosk force Report USAG - R.Young l.Ien's Tosk force An Open forum M-V.Uukin Useful Dlills TowOlds Adv. V

BolllOom 'B' 850 S-Dls.Dudo &.

BenOldol - Sport Psych &Nullilion P-LShuck PS Plogrom Sirolegies

Bolhoom 'C' 8SD W-Biggs, Ellion How 10 Leop on BB & W- S.Nunno Tumble-Trok dlills

Boilioom 'D' 850 W-Grossfeld, Biggs, KleutzelDevelop Elile Mh. B-P.Komoro Plomo .Duling Olympic fevel

P-B.Dovis Kids Slep Aerobics

R-E Anguelovo &USA Grou~ Dev GIOUp Technique

W-MWesl SpOiling Bosic IU

fX

Wed,5/16

Thurs, 5/17

Fri, 5/18

Sat. 5/19

Registration Desk Exhibit Hall

7 :30 am-8:00 pm Exhibitor set-up

9:00 am-9 :00 pm 12:00-6:00 pm

7:00 am-6:30 pm 10:00 am-6:00 pm

8:00 am-l :00 pm 9:00 am-l :00 pm

Competitions

1O:OO-M - Team '96 3:00-JrW - Opt. I 1O:OO-SrW - Compo

2:00-M - Team 2000 7:00-M - Team '96

2:00-JrW - Opt_ II 7:00-SrW - Opt_

1 :OO-Men' s Final s 6:00-Wamen's Final s

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

o

.A 19

Official Airline of the 1995 USA Gymnastics National Championships and USA Gymnastics Congress

**

~~

'Y' ~

~ ~

~

~

~ 'Q5e9' ~~ Atlanta 1996 1

19 9

6'

0

~

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TM, Š 1992 ACOG

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~ ~ ,....,.

~

~

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Delta Air Lines is offering special discounted fares to New Orleans!

Get a 5 % discount* off Delta's published domestic fares to New Orleans for USA Gymnastics National Championships and Congress.

Call 1-800-241-6760 8am to llpm Eastern Time, refer to File Number M0147.

You'll love the way we fly.

Domestic fares include USA , San Ju an, and the US Virgin Island s. Applicable restrictions must be met. Seats are limited. All travel mu st co mmence o n or after August 12 and be completed by August 20, 1995 , or according to rul es of fare ; whichever occ urs firs t. *For those passengers not qualifying for a publi shed di scount , a 10% di scount will be offered based on Delta's publi shed round trip coac h rate.

1995 Congress

CONGRESS COSTS PROFESSIONAL MEMBERS Early registration: (postmarked by July 1) $125 Late registration: (postmarked after July 1) $150

USA GYMNASTICS

NON-MEMBERS $210

CONGRESS

-

, 995 PRE-REGISTRATION FORM COMPLETE ONE CONGRESS FORM PER PERSON-YOU MAY PHOTOCOPY FORM FOR ADDITIONAL CONGRESS REGISTRATIONS

Name __________________________________________________________ Social Security No. ___________________________________________________ USAG Pro# ________________________________

Exp. Date _______

Mailing Address ___________________________________________________ City _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Zip _____________

State ______

Name of Club Program _______________________________________________ Day Phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Night Phone _______________________

Check (/ ) appropriate: Program:

o

Men's Program

o

Women's Program

o

Rhythmic Program

Title: 0 Club Owner

o

Coach

o

Administrator

o

Judge

Minimum age for Congress registration is 16 years.

REGISTRATION IS NON-REFUNDABLE AFTER

AUGUST 4 NO PRE-REGISTRATION AFTER

JULY 24 AFTER

PAYMENT MAKE CHECK/MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO USA GYMNASTICS

Amount Enclosed Charge to:

o

$_ _ _ _ _-'

LI

Visa

o

NO EXCEPTIONS

Fee includes: One credential for entrance to regular Congress sessions, master clinics, and demonstrations on Thursday morning through Saturday.

Entrance to the Exhibit Hall featuring the industry'sfinest products.

One ticket to the Final Congress Party. (Additional banquet tickets for spouses/guests are $40 each-available at registration).

One ticket to the annual Ceremony of Honors.

(NOTE: Seating will be limited).

Priority seating locations are being held for Congress attendees desiring to purchase tickets to the 1995 Coca-Cola National Championships.

Special ticket discounts are included for Congress attendees-see the form on the next page.

TO ORDER TICKETS TO THE COCA-COLA NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS, PLEASE USE TH E FORM ON THE NEXT PAGE.

Card No. _________________________________ Exp. Date _________________________________ Signature (required) ___________________________

JULY 24 YOU MUST REGISTER ON-SITE.

Mastercard

CONGRESS COSTS

rrtBI~

GYMNASTICS

Please return this registration form to: USA Gymnastics Congress Pan American Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225

T695

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

Note: You must register separately for the PDP Coaching Accreditation courses, Safety Certification course/exam, Skill evaluators exam, and so forth.

.

I

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21

1995 Coca-Cola National Championships

1 995 COCA路COLA NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS TICKET INFORMATION

PLEASE NOTE

I

o

.A

Priority locations are being held for Congress attendees in the gold, silver, and bronze levels (a" sessions).

22

Special ticket discounts are included for Congress aHendees for sessions with reserved seats. The discount is only available at the silver and bronze locations. This will be consistent with other discounts (Le., group, Coca-Cola coupons, and so forth).

FOR CONGRESS ATTENDEES The 1995 Congress has been designed with special attention to permit Congress attendees to enjoy one of the most important competitions of the 1995 season-the Coca-Cola National Championships for men and women.

This ticket request for priority seating must be accompanied with a Congress registration form and be postmarked by July 24. After July 24, unsold priority seats will be released for sale to the general public.

IF YOU WISH TO BE SEATED WITH ANOTHER GROUP OR PERSON-Please put your total order on ONE form. We will NOT coordinate separate forms.

Name ___________________________

Phone # _______________________

Address ___________________________

State_________

Social Security No. ___________________

USAG # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

No discounts wi" be available for any Gold level seats.

Seating will be assigned on a "first come -first served" basis until the reserved blocks have been filled. Subsequent seating requests will be on a "next-best-available" priority.

AVAILABLE SEATING AND TICKET COSTS Competition

Time

Gold

10:00 AM-12 noon 3:00-5:00 PM 7:00-10:00 PM

$15

Nool Tickets

Silver

Bronze

Price

$5

$5

$5

X

$5

$5

$5

X

$1'i;

$5'i;

X

TOTAL

WEDNESDAY 8/16 Team '96 (Men) Junior Women Optionols I Senior Women Compulsories

THURSDAY 8/17 Team 2000 Optionols (Men) Team '96 Optionols (Men)

2:00-4:30 PM

$5

7:00-10:00 PM

$1 5

FRIDAY 8/18

A" other requests for Championships tickets wi" be p rocessed through TicketMasterTM outlets for this event

Zip_____________

$5

$5

X

$1'i;

$5,i;

X

$5'i; $5,i;

X

Junior Women Optionols II

2:00-4:00 PM

$15

$1'i:'

Senior Women Optionals

7:00-10:00 PM

$22

$13,i;

Men Individual Event Finals

1:00-3:00 PM

$22

$13,i;

$5,i;

X

Sr. Women Individual Event Finals

6:00-8:00 PM

$22

$13,i;

$5,i;

X

SATURDAY 8 /1 9

X

GRAND TOTAL .:" INDICATES $3.00 DISCOUNT HAS BEEN TAKEN

ALL TICKET PURCHASES ARE NON-REFUNDABLE.

PAYMENT MAKE CHECK/MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO USA GYMNASTICS

Amount Enclosed

USA GYMNASTICS

CONGRESS

-

T695

IL-$__________-'

Card No. ___________________________

Charge to:

o

Visa

o

Mastercard

Exp. Date _ _

Signature (required) _____________________

Please return this registration form to: USA GymnastiCS Congress, Pan American,Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46225 June 1995 TECHNIQUE

rr芦IJA

GYlVINASTICS

1995 Congress

1 995 CONGRESS ADD路ONS REGISTRATION FORM COMPLETE ONE FORM PER PERSON-PLEASE PHOTOCOPY FORM FOR ADDITIONAL REGISTRATIONS Name ______________________________________________________________ Social Security No. _______________________________________________________ USAG Pro# ___________________________________

Exp. Date _____________

I

Mailing Address _________________________________________________________ City _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ Day Phone _______________________

Zip ______________

State _ __

Night Phone _________________________

Promember

Check (/ ) appropriate:

Nonmember

SubTOTAL

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES:

o o o

Wednesday,8/16, 1:00 pm-5:00 pm $75 $75 Thursday, 8/17,6:00 pm-1O:00 pm $75 Sunday, 8/20, 9:00 am- 1:00 pm Minimum age for Safety Ceriificafion is 18 years.

$100 $100 $100

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (PDP) COACHING ACCREDITATION: Levell Video Clinic Administrator's Course

o

Wednesday, 8/16, 8:30 am-11 :30 am Criteria: USAG pro-membership, Safety Certification, and minimum of 4 years coaching/administrative experience.

Experience Verification Form will be sent upon pre-registration.

o

CONGRESS

-

Use this form to register for any of the 1995 USA Gymnastics Congress tests, examinations, certifications, accreditations, etc, in which you plan to partiicpate, REGISTRATION IS NON-REFUNDABLE AFTER

$35

AUGUST 4

Levell Video Clinics

o

USA GYMNASTICS

Course # 1- Wednesday, 8/16, 8:30 am-11 :30 am Criteria: Thisis open to all interested coaches.

Course #2- Thursday, 8/17, 6:00 pm-9:00 am Criteria: This is open to all interested coaches.

$10

$10

$10

$10

NO PRE-REGISTRATION AFTER

USA Gymnastics/ ASEP Coaching Principles Course

JULY 24

Note: Course enrollment is limited to 50. First come, first served basis. You MUST pre-register for these courses.

NO ON-SITE REGISTRATION o Wednesday, 8/16, 9:00 am-6:00 pm

JULY 24

AFTER

Levell PDP Preschool Accreditation for Teachers Note: This pilot workshop will be be offered by invitation only.

For consideration of attendance, please submit a resume to Jennifer Gallahue Lee by July 3, 1995.

Wednesday, 8/16, 8:00 am-6:00 pm

$70

$80

By invitation only $95

NA

YOU MUST REGISTER ON-SITE. NO ON-SITE REGISTRATION FOR

ASEP COACHING PRINCIPLES COURSES

Women's Program, Skill Evaluator Examination

o

Sunday, 8/20, 9:00 am-1O:30 am

$15

$9

RHYTHMIC JUDGING COURSES/EXAMS

o o o o o

NO EXCEPTIONS

Level 9& 10- Wednesday 8/16, 7:00-10:00 pm, and Thursday, 8/17,9:00 am-9:00 pm LeveI7&8-Friday, 8/18, 5:00-10:00 pm Level 6-Thursday, 8/17, 6:00-10:00 pm LeveI5-Friday, 8/18, 5:00-9:00 pm Judging tests (ail levels)- Sunday, 8/20, 9:00-11 :30 am Pre-registration is required for rhythmic judging courses

$80 $50 $30 $30 $5

(rti,;a GYMNASTICS

PAYMENT MAKE CHECK/MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO USA GYMNASTICS Amount Enclosed

Charge to:

Card No. _____________________________

0 Visa

o

Mastercard

Exp.Date _ _

Signature (required) ________________________

Minimum age for Congress registration is 16 years.

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

T695

Please return this registration form to: USA Gymnastics Congress Pan American,Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225

"

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23

Men's Program

MEN'S GYMNASTICS SURVEY RESULTS I

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Men's Task Force

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24

Pproximately 750 surveys were mailed to clubs who registered male athletes in the 1994- 95 season. This survey contains the data collected from the 100 surveys, 13 percent, which had been received by February 20, 1995. This summary attempts to present the data into a usable and useful format. Comments have been added in places which makes the information presented more meaningful.

A

General information concerning club location, enrollment, and instructors

3. Three year total enrollment trends

Total Students

Total Boys

Total Boys Team

60~----------------------

so 40 30 20 10

1. Average metropolitan area population All Clubs: 450,000 Elite Clubs: 1,100,000

o

Metropolitan Population

1,500,000 r----------

Graph 3 reflects the following trends: Increased participation of males in all clubs, with and without elites.

1,000, 0 0 0 1 - - - - 500,000 t - --=-:::----

There is a moderating trend for team size by all clubs.

0'-------

2. Average total enrollment, boys total enrollment, and total boys team size

All Clubs: Elite Clubs:

Total Enrollment

Total Boys

Total Team

595 752

114 192

18 29

800

4. Relationship with outside groups Twenty-six of the 99 respondents (26 percent) have some type of gymnastics relationship with an outside organization such as a civic group, city organization, or local school district.

Among the programs with elite gymnasts, 19 percent have such a relationship.

S. Average number of full and part路time instructors All Programs

700

A. Total full-time instructors B. Total part-time instructors C. Boys program full-time instructors D. Boys program part-time instructors

600 500 400

4 12 1 2

Elite Programs 6 14 3 4

The percentage of part-time instructors, for all clubs both boys program and elite, is approximately the same (70-75 percent).

The percentage of part-time instructors for the boys program is only somewhat more significant between the two types of programs.

300 200 100

Avg Total

Avg Boys

6. Student to teacher ratios

Avg Team

For all clubs, 21 percent of the total enrollment are boys.

For clubs with elites, 26 percent of the total enrollment are boys.

Clubs which have elite male athletes typically have a larger enrollment, as well as higher boys enrollment and larger team size, than clubs without elite athletes.

The student:teacher ratio for clubs with boys programs is 7.5 : 1 on the average for both clubs with and without elite gymnasts.

7. Average boy's program enrollment Also included, is the percentage of programs without this level, or who who did not respond to the question.

Note: It is not possible to determine if these percentages are accurate with the exception of the elite percentage.

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

Men's Program

All Clubs

Elite Clubs

%none/ no resI10nse

A. Preschool boys

56

122

14%

B. Class boys

49

89

21 %

C. Class VII

7

7

39 %

D . Class VI

7

10

11 %

E. Class V

2

6

28%

F. Class IV

3

4

46 %

G. Class III

2

4

58 %

H . Class II

2

3

68%

I. Class I

2

3

27%

Class Program

1.8

B. Availability of hours for training

Competitive Program

J.

Rating 1.1

A. Training facility

Elite-84 percent of the programs do not have elite gymnasts. In the programs where elites are trained, although the average is two elites, nine of the 16 programs are training only one elite.

Note: Remember that the average team size for all programs is 18 and for elite programs is 29; therefore, while the numbers above reflect the average team size per level they do not reflect the overall team size.

8. Average training hours for males

. C. Coach/ athlete ratio

1.3

D . Availability of quality coaching

1.3

E. Medical support for athletes

1.3

F. Educational/technical support

1.2

G. Number of required school hours

2.0

H. Cost of program to club

2.9

I. Cost of program to athlete

2.6

J.

1.4

Number of boys in program

K. Competitive opportunities

1.6

L. Recent success of u.s. Men's teams

1.7

Information concerning the facility and training programs 1. Average size of training facilities All Programs

Elite Programs

11,000 ft2

12,700 ft2

All Programs

Elite Programs 100%

2. Equipment

2S~-------------------------------------------20 r-------------------------------------~~--

A. Have all men's apparatus

96%

lS~---------------------------

B. Permanent stations for men

85 %

94%

1 0 r--------------------~~

C. Multiple stations for men

66 %

88 %

D. Training pits

65%

88%

E. Specialty equipment

39 %

69 %

0'--':.....-----

3. Training planning for men All Elite Programs Programs 83 %

94%

B. Daily lesson plan

70%

81%

C. Individualized plan

60 %

88%

D. Strength training plan

81%

88%

A. Yearly plan

The following section deals only with programs training elite athletes

Note: While it appears that a majority of programs due some

1. Average age The average age of elites competing at the national level is 17 (youngest) and 23 (oldest).

2. Number of competitions

type of training plan for their athletes, the information on training plans is very suspect because of the wide variance in opinion concerning what constitutes a training plan.

4. Use of sport science support

The elites in these programs go to an average of seven competitions per year.

3. Kind of schedule Six of the 16 Elite programs which responded use some type of split or multiple workouts/ day schedule.

Sixty percent of all programs and 100 percent of the elite programs use some type of sports science support. The majority of respondents indicated that this support consists of using a trainer who comes in one or two times per week.

Information Sources

4. Factors limiting success Respondents were asked to rate the following factors, to the degree which they can limit the success of their elite program: [0 indicates that this is not a limiting factor, 5 indicates a severely limiting factor for your program.]

The graph below indicates the relative importance of various timely and accurate information sources to the coaching community. [0 indicates little or no use as an educational source and 5 indicates a high use.]

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

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Men's Program

Educational Source The graph below indicates the relative importance of various educational sources to the coaching community. [0 indicates little or no use as an educational source and 5 indicates a high u se. ] 4.S . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A

=

State Director

B = Regional Director C

=

USAG periodicals

D

=

Word of mouth

A

Note: The system for information distribution for the men's program is: National Office -+ Regional Directors -+ State Directors to membership. For this system to work, we would expect that there wo uld be a higher score for State Directors tl:an Regional Directors (close to five) . This survey indicates that the State and Regional Directors scored appro ximately the same-this is a problem. In addition, the individual surveys rating the state and regional directors tended to be either a very high number or a very low (resulting in an average close to. the middle). Finally, the fact that the respondents identified "Word of Mouth" as a moderately important source of accurate and timely information is another indication of an information distribution problem.

A

=

B

(

D

G

H

Competition program materials

B = State instructional clinics C

=

Regional instructional clinics

D

=

USA Gymnastics National Congress

E

=

Boys camps

F

=

Instructional publications-books

G

=

Instructional publications-periodicals

H

=

USAG Professional Development Program (PDP)

I

=

Videotapes

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Commentary

WHAT'S WRONG WITH WOMEN'S GYMNASTICS? I

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Wm A. Sands, Ph.D.

Associate Professor Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of Utah The freedom of the press works in such a way that there is not much freedom from it.

- Princess Grace of Monaco (1928-1982)

Generally speaking, the Press lives on disaster.

- Clement Attlee (18831967), British Labour Politician, Prime Minister

If you guys could get just one percent of the stories right.

- John McEnroe (1959-), American tennis player to the Press at Wimbledon, 1985

711e most important service rendered by the press and the magazines is that of educating people to approach printed matter with distrust.

- Samuel Butler (18351902), English author

It isn't enough for a promotion

to be entertaining, or even amusing: it must create conversation.

- Bill Veeck, 1965

All the news that's fit to print - Motto of the New York Times I buy paper at so much a pound; I put X amount of ink on it, and I resell it at a higher price.

- Name withheld, vicepresident of a major publishing house, 1966

Keep it short - Standard instruction to reporters

A journalist cannot: 1. Predict what will happen.

2. Prove "betjond a reasonable doubt" most of propositions presented in his report.

3. Produce a "complete" account of anything.

4. Probe a complex subject, situation, or personality "in depth."

5. Investigate a crime (or anything else).

- Leonard Koppett, Sports Illu sion Sports Reality.

1994. 2nd ed. University of Illinois Press, 131 . ecent years have focused considerable scrutiny on American gym~ nastics, particularly women's gymnastics. The tragic death of Christy Henrich and allegations of various kinds of abuse of child gymnasts has focused media attention on a sport that stands vulne rable and unprepared for such criticism. The response of gymnastics coaches and administrators has been defensive and virulent. Those intimately involved in gymnastics believe these accusations are basically exaggerated and without foundation. I also find myself concerned. As a parent, scientist, former coach and gymnast, I have been involved in gymnastics for well over 20 years at virtually every level. As a serious skeptic, I highly prize criti-

R

June 1995

cal thinking and rational approaches to all circumstances that are incompletely or inaccurately understood. Gymnastics, particularly women's gymnastics, is poorly understood by the media and the general public who are accustomed to team sports and male dominated athletics. Sadly, gymnastics has been placed in a position of wanting to "prove itself innocent" due to the accusations that seem to repeatedly find their way into the popular press. Of course, proving oneself innocent is a backward way of looking at any kind of justice.

Let me begin with some underlying assumptions that will permeate the following thoughts. First, I believe the media has the right to print/ present what is accurate and relevant. It is vitally important that all relevant aspects of a story, and words of dissent and disagreement be heard. The background noise of dissent and disagreement is fundamental to the functioning of a healthy democracy. At times the dissent can grow to proportions that cannot be ignored and real change occurs, most frequently for the good. However, as vanguards of information for public consumption it is important that the media report accurately and factually. Given the current power of the media to shape public opinion, and as one of the only sources of information that the lay public may consult, what is presented should be carefully considered with every effort to present all sides. As I was told by a journalist for whom I have the highest respect; it is the job of the media to

TECHNIQUE

report, not to promote. Sadly, I believe this has been largely ignored in some circumstances, although I must acknowledge this may not have been intentional.

Second, most people in the gymnastics community enjoy being" covered" by the media and historically reacted harshly when the media seemingly ignored the hard work and accomplishments of those in the community. Gymnastics as a top-draw in the media has been a relatively recent phenomenon to those of us who have been around for more than a few years. The" spotlight" of media attention tends to shine on everything, sometimes discriminating only those things deemed to be "newsworthy." The gymnastics community has taken considerable offense at some of the coverage of gymnastics w hen the coverage portrays an isolated incident that speaks poorly of the sport. As I have read the various comments of people on the Internet regarding gymnastics coverage, some members of the community also seem singularly selfish with regard to failing to acknowledge the role of the media in helping to make gymnastics a household word . It is important to remember that the job of the media is to report, not to promote. Although we may not like to see an injury sequence played numerous times, it is somewhat Byzantine to think that this will be ignored by a news-hungry and sometimes scandal-hungry media and society. One need only witness the continual attempts at scandal charges facing those in public office to see

Commentary

my point. In short, gynmastics cannot expect to have their cake and eat it too . When a newsworthy event happens, it is the obligation of the media to cover it. The fact that the media was present to capture an injury sequence indicates that gynmastics has grown-up considerably from the years of the weird characters who were passionately involved in the sport and participated without any consideration for media attention-because there wasn't any.

Third, in the one or two minute segments that make up common television, and the severe space requirements in modern newspapers, it will be very difficult to show gynmastics in an accurate and relevant fashion. Gynmastics is just too complicated. It defies simple explanations and summaries in one or two quotations. Selective quotations of any individual can result in making a case for almost anything one might wish.

Removal of quotations from the context in which they were offered can further misrepresent the intent of those words. Disregarding the stated caveats surrounding one's statements may also lead to misrepresentations. Constantly returning to interview the same vocal, visible, and disgruntled people and their views can present a biased idea of what really exists. Failure to investigate beyond opinions carries further potential for misrepresentation of what exists because the opinions sought may not be the most informed.

Although anyone is entitled to his or her opinion, no one is entitled to his or her own facts.

An attack which consists largel y of condenmation by example opinion does little to uncover much about anything other than a highly specific situation or person's opinion.

Fourth, gynmastics is level specific. In other words, the nature of gynmastics training and performance is quite different depending on what level of athlete you are talking about. Interestingly, there is almost no criticism (or coverage) of gymnastics when one is talking about the levels from 1-10 in the

Junior Olympic Program. Almost all of the harsh criticism of gynmas tics has been focused on those very few athletes who are at the very top of the sportalmost entirely at elite level gynmastics. This appears at least logical simply because these are the people who gain access to the media. The elite program is where the most is at stake, the most critical decisions are made, and where the most visible part of women's gymnastics is found. How many kids are we talking about? In any given year, the num-

~of

/

top are a very small minority indeed, correspondingly special, and unique. Moreover, it should seem apparent to any thinking person that condenming the activities of the vast majority of athletes by the actions of a few is ludicrous. Moreover, even among these high level few, the picture of gymnastics is quite good. A recent survey conducted by an honors student and myself, of former and current elite and level 10/ class I gymnasts and their mothers showed that appro ximately 92 percent of these athletes were satisfied with their gymnastics participation, and that approximately 85 percent of the mothers

I '4J4t,.- U:-1A'V1--'

;'

-----J nasts who qualify for" elite" status is less than three hundred.

From experience, I might argue that the gynmasts who actually get access to the media on a regular basis number less than thirty. Unlike some other sports and contrary to the writings of some authors, gynmastics stipulates by rule who attains the title of" elite." The total number of female gynmasts varies from year to year, but a recent Board of Directors Report for USA Gymnastics put the athlete membership at approximately 45,000. This makes the population of gymnasts at the very top range from approximately 0.07 % to 0.7 %. These figures should indicate that the gymnasts who make it to the very June 1995

felt likewise. The survey involved 87 mother-daughter pairs. Sadly, this information does not appear in any of the media reports I have seen.

So, for the record, let's take a look at women's gynmastics and see what is known,unknown, fact, and opinion. Moreover, let's try to take a question and answer approach to help keep the ideas somewhat organized.

Is gymnastics a veiled form of child abuse?

Some athletes and parents have been extremely critical about their experience in gymnastics and have demonstrated extraordinary bitterness in the TECHNIQUE

media. This bitterness should not be ignored and steps should always be taken to ensure any injustices or inequities are investigated and rectified if possible.

One of the basic issues involved in child abuse is that the child is coerced into the situation. Although victimization of children is a very complex issue, and I do not want to reduce its seriousness in any way; one cannot escape the basic issue that gynmasts are free to join and leave gymnastics clubs at the gynmast's and/ or parent's discretion. No one is conscripted into gymnastics training and performance. Gynmasts pay for the priviledge of participating in gynmastics training, they are not paid by the coach and therefore" owe" or are" owned" by the coach. One of the most important issues ' in women's gynmastics is that the vast majority of training occurs in privately owned businesses I will call private clubs or gynmastics clubs. As with any private business, the patrons are free to frequent the business or to "vote with their feet" and go elsewhere. That being said, again I do not mean to belittle the issues of child abuse because they are complex. However, the parent of the gymnast is free to take the child elsewhere or to cease gynmastics training altogether.

Certainly, this makes the "victimization" issue substantively different from typical child abuse settings.

It has been said that gymnastics training and performance at the top leads to a kind of seductive relationship where people get" caught up" in the fame, media attention, and so forth. One might infer that this "seduction" is the reason for the victimization of children and their parents. However, I do not find any easy answer to helping people avoid such a situation given the numerous examples of fame and power enticing and overwhelming people of unquestionable moral character in many areas outside of gymnastics. One need only look at show business and politics to see what can happen to people when

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Commentary

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public interest is suddenly showered on them. Education may help, but it seems extraordinarily difficult to identify and warnpeople of impendingproblems with gymnastics fame when this was often what they sought in the first place (i.e., not the problems, but the fame) . I am not sure that anyone would like the implied idea they cannot handle fame without outside help.

Finally, if gymnastics is a form of child abuse then why have several athletes returned for a "comeback" following retirement? These retired athletes could easily walk away from gymnastics with few or no regrets often having been at the pinnacle of their sport, and some at the most demanding training centers in the world. Why do gymnastics memberships continue to increase?

relationship between the number of priests in a city and the number of prostitutes. Does this mean that priests cause prostitution? Of course not, there is another variable which is the size of the urban area that links the two. Obviously, urban areas have more priests and more prostitutes-one does not cause the other. Early on, the AIDs epidemic was largely confined to a group of homosexual males

dictments. I have no idea if eating disorders are caused by a pathogen or genetic predisposition, (although as I write this a recent edition of American Scientist carries a summary of work done showing a virus linked to mood disorders in animals), but it would appear to me that eating disorders should be approached more systematically and the attacks on character and cofactors should be put in

Coaches

If child abuse was inherent, you would think that parents and gymnasts would see it, identify it, and withdraw. If gymnastics is child abuse, then the athlete's reported 92% level of satisfaction with their careers (as mentioned above) should be unlikely.

Does gymnastics cause eating disorders?

Currently, no one knows the cause or causes of eating disorders. The present state of know1edge is similar to that of the early AIDs crisis where cofactors surrounding the incidence of the disorder are known, such as: compulsive behavior, perfectionist tendencies, gross disturbances in eating behaviors, and so forth, but the causative agent(s) are not known. Based on the constellation of cofactors it would appear that gymnastics is a fertile ground for the development of eating disorders, but a causative link has not been established. As a scientist I cannot emphasize this enough. Scientists are taught in their earliest research design and statistics classes that correlation does not mean causation.

For example, there is a very high

who also abused drugs. At first, the prevailing thought was that AIDs was a "lifestyle" issue and the product of an alternative lifestyle. We now know that AIDs is caused by the humanimmunodeficiency-virus and not by lifestyle. Ulcers were thought to be caused by lifesty Ie issues also. Having had an ulcer, I was told to relax more, that I was too uptight, and that I should learn to control my anger and frustration . In other words, I had a character flaw.

Interestingly, an Australian found that the majority of ulcers are caused by a bacteria.

Taking antibiotics can cure some ulcers, and antibiotics accidentally cured mine. Some forms of obesity have faced similar in-

proper perspective.

However, one cannot deny that the things that gymnastics performance prizes are cofactors for eating disorders . It is always prudent to be extra careful if you are in a high risk group for any problem. Gymnastics should be especially prudent in preventing eating disorders because the age of the participants makes them particularly susceptible, leanness is a prerequisite for accomplished performance in gymnastics, and treating the disorder once acquired is very difficult. USA Gymnastics has established a Task Force to focus on the issues of The Female Athlete Triad-eating disorders, osteoporosis (bone loss) , and

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

amenorrhea. Interestingl y, gymnas tics is somew ha t uniq ue in doing this .

However, does gymnastics have a problem with the Female Athlete Triad? The short answer to this is a qualified yes.

Sufficient evidence, both empirical and anecdotal, exists to indicate that gymnasts are at risk for Triad disorders. Interestingly, osteoporosis may be the least threatening while the gymnast participates in training. However, little is known about what happens to bone health following retirement of the female gymnast. Evidence for disordered eating and amenorrhea is quite plentiful and indicates that gymnastics training can delay menarche, stop menstruation, and that more than the "normal" number of gymnasts demonstrate disordered eating habits. And, I should add that the "normal" number of people demonstrating disordered eating is far from agreed upon. Again, this does not indicate that gymnastics is causative. Many victims of eating disorders are not gymnasts, and other sports and activities have eating disorder problems also. All of us in gymnastics should be hyper-sensitive to this area however until the actual causative factors are found.

What about the coaches?

Are gymnastics coaches a bunch of mean-spirited people and should gymnastics "ban" the ones that step out of line?

Coaches of women's elite gymnastics work in private clubs as employees or as business owners. These coaches offer their services for a fee. Most gymnastics coaches will tell you that they do not coach elite gymnasts for the money. I know of no gymnastics club that exists and pays its bills from the elite gymnasts. In fact, all private clubs that I know lose money on their elite athletes. Some private clubs have made a conscious decision not to have elite gymnasts because of the financial burden and hassle. The elite

Commentary

gymnast requires an extra ordinary commitment of time and resources. These athletes require high-priced and highly skilled coaches. The elite gymnast requires expensive facilities and access to expensive competitions which usually means traveling a great deal along w ith the inherent expense and absence of key employees/ persormel. The family expense of supporting an elite gymnast has been reported amply in the popular press. What seldom gets reported is that elite gymnastics coaches do their jobs at a financial loss, and really do it for the benefit of the kids and to fulfill a need for accomplishment and striving in themsel ves and the athletes .

Coaches, first and foremost, are teachers. From my experience the personali ties of coaches run the same range as that of teachers. As with all forms of teaching, there are issues of style and idiosyncracy that strike some people as genius and others as absurdity. As someone who prepares teachers, I know that personality has an enormous influence on teacher effectiveness and that some aspects of good teaching- are unteachable. But coaching is more than teaching in a sense because coaches are much more omnipresent in achild's life than typical teachers. This carries with it an awesome and disquieting power, and an equally awesome potential for influencing young lives. Not all coaches are up to the entire task; while others behave brilliantly and thrive in the pressure-cooker of elite level gymnastics. However, none of the coaches that I am familiar are anti-child in any way, in fact they are among the most zealous proponents of raising children properly.

Control of coaches has 'been an issue implied in many media treatments of gymnastics and by individual coaches themselves. One must carefull y evaluate the opinion of one coach expressed about another coach. Coaches are by their nature competitive and often do not like each other very much

due to professional jealousies and perceived unfair / political advantages. It is very difficult to disentangl e a coach's professional jealousies from opinions based on observable and objective facts . Those of us in gymnastics for a long time know that the gossip and rumors that surround gymnastics clubs and participants can range from the merely distorted to the absolutely bizarre. A saying has even developed regarding the breadth and depth of the gossip and rumor-mill in gymnastics; " telephone, telegraph, tell-agymnast."

Coaching standards Can USA Gymnastics sufficiently control the actions of coaches so that some minimum standardis achieved?

USA Gymnastics has pursued professional certification for some time and has begun the first steps to implementing such a policy. It is seldom offered that USAG has banned some coaches from membership in USAG due to transgressions that could be proven and were clearly without ethical foundation. As one might expect, such procedures must be very carefully undertaken due to their permanence, breadth of effects, and potential for doing harm.

However, it is unrealistic to think that USAG can act as police or enforcers in the private business and personal interactions of gymnastics coaches and athletes and/ or parents. Given that gymnastics clubs are private businesses and USAG is disnot a law enforcement body, it can only offer guidelines. It is unfair to hold gymn as tics to a standard of administration and oversight that local police forces cannot even uphold . Police and the judicial system have been incompletely effective in dealing with violence in the home, child abuse, child neglect, and so forth. These agencies have multimillion dollar budgets and much more focused areas of jurisdiction. USAG has a national focus and a budget that makes the entire enterprise a hand-toJune 1995

mouth affair. USAG simply does not have the resources, the power, or the personnel to police coaches. Given the complexity of such issues, the difficulty in getting to the root causes, and the nature of a free society, I would also argue that gymnastics can only reprimand those coaches who have been charged with bonified crimes.

Moreover, I think it would be very chilling for USAG to attempt to serve as the enforcers of ethical principles that are the private affairs of families and coaches. USAG can certainly educate and provide guidance, but cannot make the step to being a gynmastics "thought police."

Do gymnasts at the top suffer the most?

Apparently, yes. Particularly with regard to physical injury, those gymnasts at the top of the sport appear to suffer the largest number and severity of injuries.

Understand from the outset that there are some serious technical issues in the presentation and interpretation of injury incidence information. It is very difficult to interpret much of the published injury information because of differing definitions of injury, whether or not the injuries are presented per participant and per exposure, the stability of the data due to short study periods, and so for th.

The incidence of injuries appears to be related to level of performance along with other factors. Of course, anyone in gymnastics for any length of time might speculate the causal links . Gymnasts at the top are doing the most difficult skills and have the greatest exposure to injury. The most difficult skills often have the smallest margin for error and thus expose the gymnast to increased risk of injury. Gymnasts at the highest levels also tend to train the largest number of skills, thus increasing their exposure to being injured. Previous research has shown that gymnasts at the elite and international level perform 220,000 to 400,000 elements per year, corresponding to 700 TECHNIQUE

to 1,300 elements per day. This is certainly a large workload. A recent review by Caine and colleagues (in press) has offered the most indepth study of inju ry epidemiology in gynmastics to date and offers some useful but well known means of preventing injuries. However, one must be careful to avoid jumping to seemingly logical conclusions without sufficient information for cause and effect linkages. On the other hand, one should note that smoke from the house is sufficient evidence that a problem exists and one need not wait until flames are visible to call the fire department, thus confirming cause and effect. As with eating disorders, gymnastics should, and does, pay significant attention to the issue of injury. Considerable conference time and journal space is occupied in recognizing, preventing, and dealing with injury. A task force was deSignated and charged with investigating the round off entry vaults following a catastrophic injury, this further indicates the conscience of gymnas tics in dealing with problems it encounters.

Gymnastics must exercise care with regard to the" image" that is projected. Gymnastics often promotes risk as it relates to spectacle, but denies that same risk when it relates to injury. Again, the idea of eating one's cake while having it is apparent. However, I believe that gymnastics is much safer now than it has ever been in the past. The increase in safety has been largely due to enhanced training and communication among coaches, and the considered use of safety equipment.

Spring floors, fiberglass rails, padded balance beams, thicker mats, specialized hand grips, and foam pits all have increased the safety of gymnastics markedly. I vividly recall the days when a gymnast went through the low bar (when low bars were made of wood) during a wrap to hecht dismount, collapsing uneven bars during the dismount of Tourischeva, stone bruises due to impacts with the

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balance beam, sore bumps on the neck and almost universal shin splints prior to spring floors, and four spotters carrying a mat like a trapeze artist's net for a double back somersault prior to the use of pits. Of course, our quest for increasing safety should never end. Unfortunately, the pace of increasing skill difficulty is very rapid and thus risky skills continue to find their way into gymnastics performance on a regular, and at times dizzying pace. This places an enormous burden on gymnastics because the skills and the inherent problems of these skills change very quickly. Other sports generally don't have these problems to the same extent and therefore cannot serve as easy comparisons nor models for dealing with gymnastics injury patterns. In short, gymnastics must create its own knowledge and models with regard to injury. This is a difficult and slow task, but one that has been ongoing for several decades.

Do excesses" occur in gymnastics?

II

Of course they do. Sadly, there are times when excesses have occurred in the name of high performance sport. Gymnastics is by no means alone in this. Drug abuse, profanity, coaches striking players, violence among players, violence among fans, temper tantrums, unbridled greed, gambling, rape, and many other problems have plagued modern sport-and I was not thinking of gymnastics in this littany. Of course, two wrongs do not make a right. Gymnastics has recently been assailed by the tragic death of a young Romanian gymnast, alleged pregnancy doping of Eastern European gymnasts during the 60s and 70s, and of course the d evastating death of Christy Henrich.

The entire American gymnastics community has reacted with trepidation, heart-felt concern, and out-right contempt for these excesses. However, these excesses are not the norm of gymnastics.

Gymnasts and coaches must walk a thin tightwire between under-doing gymnastics and losing competitively to gymnasts and coaches who work harder, and overdoing gymnastics and being undone by their own overzealousness. Anyone who cares about achieving knows th at there is a rough relationship between how hard you work and the awards you receive. This is almost axiomatic in American culture. I personally believe that developing the best character in young people requires risk, problems, hard work, striving, commitment, determination and so forth. Moreover, I believe that none of these are obtained easily and without some pain and frustration.

The very qualities that make a youngster seek to excel in a sport are the same qualities that I thought we were always trying to

encourage in American youth. Now, it apVISA / Me pears that gymnasts have a moving target.

They are supposed to strive to excel, unless someone wants to label them as a victim, in which case the passion and determination of the gymnast is perverted into some type of involuntary servitude. I believe such views do an enormous disservice to all of those gymnasts who are striving day-in and day-out to become good at something they love. Moreover, I am not the first to GYM ,.,GRAM notice that the necessary steps to develop talented young people are largely the same 1530 Joliet Street regardless of the particular area of his or her talent. Sometimes bad judgment preDyer, IN 46321 vails and kids are pushed beyond their (219) 865-2274 capacities for a host of documented reasons involv-ing unrealistic expectations from parents, coaches, the media, school mates, friends, family members, and sometimes the athlete herself. As much as this is important, it is equally difficult to predict when and to whom this will happen. Some $250 for all new materials! athletes appear to thrive in high pressure Offer ends Dec. 31,1995 settings, some athletes appear to thrive only up to some threshold, and some athletes d o not appear to thrive in these settings at all.

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Closing In closing, I would like to emphasize that these are my opinions alone and that they are not intended to represent those of USA Gymnastics. In recent weeks, I believe that my words have been mis-characterized in the lay press and found it a very disquieting experience, hence this long document. However, to answer the question in the title of this document, I believe that women' s gymnastics doesn't have anything wrong with it. There are some unique problems that are being dealt with as intelligently as possible. No human enterprise is w ithout problems in varying sizes and arising at various times. Some of the problems are intricate and difficult, these will be solved in time and with the help of many people both in and out of the gymnastics community. Some problems, both now and in the future, may never be totally reconciled but merely kept in check by the vigilant efforts of those in the gymnastics community. I am confident that both the will and the means to keep gymnastics vital and rewarding currently exists and will always exist. The character of women's gymnastics is as good as it ever was and continues to get better.

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

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General Gymnastics

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Cannel, Indiana Co-hosted locally by Performer's Edge School of Dance and Theatrical Training he third annual National GymFest will be held in Carmel, Ind., October 2730, 1995. The first National Gymnaestrada was conducted in Indianapolis in 1993, and the second in Palm Springs, Calif. in 1994. The 1995 National GymFest will prove to be a spectacular event with more participants than ever before!

T

General Gymnastics General Gymnastics (GG) is a non-competitive form of gymnastics where groups of various sizes, ages, and experience levels have the opportunity to perform exhibition displays with diverse themes. The performances, lasting anywhere from eight to 12 minutes, are choreographed to music with audience appeal in mind . The National GymFest provides an opportunity for gymnastics performance groups to come together annually to "show their stuff," share in learning opportunities, and have a lot of fun!

Location The venue for the National GymFest will be Carmel Clay Junior High School in Carmel, Ind. The high school features two full size gyms, a prop storage area, outdoor practice areas, and a warm-up/staging facility.

Special Opportunities Coaches, parents, senior citizens, and participants with handicaps will have special cho-

reography arranged to meet specific needs. Some of this choreography will be presented at the 1995 USA Gymnastics Congress in New Orleans.

Also at GymFest, group leaders and instructors will be able to attend an Instructor's Forum in GG and all participants will be invited to attend special workshop sessions.

As always, the National GymFest will feature many opportunities for groups to meet socially.

Local Director Ron Morgan, owner and director of Performer's Edge School of Dance and Theatrical Training and choreographer for the Indianapolis Colts Cheerleaders, will be the local Director for the 1995 National GymFest. Morgan and his staff alread y have plans for the grand finale which include utilizing rhythmic and artistic gymnastics, dance, aerobics, jazzercise, show choir, band guard, karate and judo, handicapped, and senior citizen units. Choreography for the grand finale will be videotaped in July and sent to all groups planning to participate in the National GymFest.

Groups will be able to utilize the floor area to stage right and left of the mat.

Performance length (time)Displays are between 8-12 minutes. Maximum time in the performance area is 15 minutes (this includes entrances, exits, and the placement/ removal of any equipment or props).

Number in group-The suggested number is 10 or more per group.

Music-Each group must provide a cassette to the local orgainzing committee (LOC) and an individual who can assist the A/V personnel.

Equipment-The LOC will provide the basic floor mat and sound system. At this time, the member LOC gymnastics clubs have agreed to provide additional equipment (skill cushions, landing mats, etc.).

All other equipment and props must be supplied by the groups. Remember that you will need

Performance Parameters Performance area-One 42' x 42' matted floor exercise area will be provided centered on a basketball floor. There will be a stage-front. The stageback area will be draped.

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

to get all of this on and Ofl stage quickly! In GG, equipment might include traditional artistic gymnastics equipment as well as nontraditional equipment such as ladders, chairs, parachutes, and so forth.

Theme-The theme for the 1995 National GymFest will be Cirque de Gymnastique. Just as the world recognized" Cirque de Soleil" creatively expanded the traditional concept of the circus, Cirque de Gymnastique will encourage great imagination and diversity in choreography, music selection, and costuming.

Kinds of performances- What kinds of performances (displays) are permissible? Almost anything! Large and small groups. Artistic gymnastics, dance, rhythmic, aerobics, clown, and many other possibilities exist.

Group members may be male, female, or mixed groups of all ages-childrev to seniors. GG is a fantastil activity for your club members who don't usually get the chance to travel to participate in USAG Junior Olympic programs.

GymFest Gala-a Gala Performance open to the public is planned. Groups should be prepared for a special 2-4 minute display. This can either be an excerpt from the group's 15 minute program or one that is specially choreographed for the Gala.

Mailing list If you or your group would like to be added to our mailing list to receive special information about GG, the 1995 National GymFest, or the World Gymnaestrada, please complete and return the form.

Announcements

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PS CHAMPIONSHI 1995 OCTOBER 14-1 S, , S arts Center San froncis(o S herba P

USA GYMNASTICS WOMEN'S COllEGIATE COORDINArORS Kathy Feldmann and Sandy Thielz have been named Women's Collegiate Coordinators for USA Gymnastics.

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wor thmic See Rhy hmic Coaches mation. . on cond the Rhyt hnical infor informatl an 1 and tec for more for ru es forms or 50 uest entry 17-237-50 To req astics, 3 USA Gynm Campbell, Nora

Feldmann has a 26-year history as a gymnastics professional. Most recently she is self-employed and works as a gymnastics consultant, judge, clinician and meeting planner.

After 21-years of coaching, Thielz recently retired as the women's gymnastics coach at West Chester University. She currently serves as a gymnastics coach and consultant.

Their duties and responsibilities include increasing the number of collegiate gymnastics programs, maintaining relation_ ships with the NCAA, Athletic Directors and various coaching and sports relations communities, administrating the two existing collegiate championships that are sponsored by USA Gymnastics, acting as liaison to the Collegiate Coaching Committees, advising collegiate coaches on opportunities, and formulating employment network for coaching positions, just to name aanfew.

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

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Technique

CAST TO HANDSTAND: A BIOMECHANICAL PERSPECfIVE I

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William Cornelius

University of North Texas, Denton, TX

36

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handstand is to create swing and often serves as a tr ansition between gymnastics maneuvers.

A cast is an indispensable means of creating instantaneous dynamic angular motion (Figure 1). Based on characteristics inh erent in the cast and criteria su ggested by Kreighbaum and Barthels (1990), classification may be established as a closedd iscrete skill under the swing general movement pattern. The cast has evolved in a particular manner because it is performed in a predictable environment (closed), with a d efinite beginning and en d (discrete), and h as been ad apted to the constraints of the gymnastics event.

Mechanical/Anatomical Considerations A biomechanical perspective is particularly relevant when analyzing or a ttempting to bette r understand m ovements such as路 the cast. Biomechanics is quite appropriate for use in m o tion analysis because it applies the principles of mechanics to solving questions related to the structure and function of living systems (Hall, 1995) .

Phases of the skill Th e human chain linked system ac ts at four articulations (elbow, shoulder, lumbar, and hip jOints) through the preparation (frames A-E), execution (frames F- I) , and fo ll ow through (frames J-K) phases of the cast to handstand .

Flexion and exten sion provide the primary movements

Figure 1 (

B

NOTE: Figure 1 was based an drawing by James Stephenson in the 1994-1988 Junior Olympic Age Group (ompulsories.

associated with these joints, around the mediolateral axis, along the sagittal plane. Apart from these joint ac tions in frames E-I, relatively little skeletal segm entation occurs. Most joints remain stabilized by associated muscles. These fixed articulations act to unify a rigid bar effect and serve to enhance swing and artis tic expression .

(hanging joint angles Changes in joint an gles can result in augmenting or red ucing rotational inertia. This determines the body's resistance to change about an axis. The decision to increase or decrease joint a ngl es, and r es ulting changes in inertia, is based on whether the pull of gravity is ac ting positively or negatively on segmen tal centers of gravity. Decreases in elbow and shoulder joint angles, shown in Fram es D-E, lower resistance to moving about respective ar ticular axes when moving against the force of gravity. Conversely, these joint angles are increased June 1995

in fram es E-F, w h en the pull of gravity and swing direc tion are compatible.

Angular momentum Gymnastics skills often align with swin g and are closely associated with angular momentum on all the fixe d apparatus.

Angular momentum is the product of rotational inertia and angular velocity and is initiated, increased, or d ecreased from an externally applied torque. A force resulting fro m the pull of gravity, and the reaction force created from fixed gymnastics apparatus, can be important sources of torque. These sources of external torque can act as a motive or resistive force. The motive force creates positive angular momentum, while the resistive force acts to oppose m otio n (Kreighbaum & Barthels, 1990) .

Analysis of phases Initiation of the underswing The preparation phase and TECHNIQUE

the fo rward swing are initiated with a forward jump. An underarm swing and knee extension at takeoff result in an external ground reaction force from frame A to B. This provides the body with forward linear momentum to the fi xed bar creating counter clockwise swing in frames B-C. Additional reaction force can be received from the bar and u sed to increase angular momentum. This external force is initiated from an internal action force created through the shoulder joint flexor muscle group. This is introduced as the h ands push backward on the bar effecting a forward directed external reac tion force from the fixed bar. The swing moves forward until the resistive force of gravity acts to negatively accelerate the gymnast to zero velocity in frame C. The preparation phase continues in frames C-E with the pull of gravity serving as a m otive force o n the clockwise swing to the bottom point in the movement. This can be coupled

Technique

with a reaction force from the bar created through an internal angular impulse from the shoulder joint ex tensors. Consequently, greater angular momentum is created backward around the mediolateral bar axis (frames C-D).

The purpose of the preparation phase is to place the body in a position that will allow maximization of angular momentum in the subsequent execution phase. This can better be accomplished when conservation of angular momentum occurs near the end of the back swing in frame E. This mechanical phenomenon occurs by reducing shoulder, elbow, and lower back vertebral joint angles. The conservation mechanism is the result of decreased rotational inertia and simultaneous increased angular swing velocity. Continued angular impulse forward and downward on the bar allows the gymnast to rise relatively high on the backward swing (frame E). This facilitates raising the shoulders to bar level and a large angular heel displacement.

Downward swing The downward swing following frame E represents the initiation of the execution phase and is in consort with an explosive movement below the bar.

The preceding body position in frame E should, therefore, place the hip flexor muscle group on a slight stretch. Greater force will result when these muscles are quickly stretched immediately prior to being concentrically contracted. This facilitates positive acceleration in to hip flexion on the downward part of the forward swing.

By pressing the bar downward in transition from the preparation phase to the execution phase (frame E), it is possible to facilitate a shoulder position that is at or above bar height. The shoulders and hips are then pushed away from the bar, the ankles are moved toward the bar, and the downward swing begins to positively accelerate in a counter clockwise direction. Flexion at the hip joints in to frame F allows a

reduction in rotational inertia and increases angular velocity.

This conserves angular momentum in readiness for the resistive force of gravity as the body begins to move upward in frame G. A large net angular impulse is created from frame E to the bottom of the swing by fully utilizing the external motive forces derived from gravity and the bar. Gravitational force ac ts through the CG and the fixed bar provides a reaction force from the internal shoulder joint fle xor muscle group. These two forces are applied through the full range from frame E to the bottom point in the downward swing. Consequently, angular momentum is enhanced in preparation for a resistive effect created by gravity on the upward swing.

Upward swing to the top The upward swing motion through the handstand position (frames G-I) is considered to be a continuation of the execution phase. The entire upward maneuver is performed against the pull of gravity. This constant gravitational force negatively accelerates the gymnast unless counter acted by an external motive torque. The existing angular momentum in frame G is usually insufficient for the unaided upward swing to continue without interruption. An additional external motive force is therefore necessary.

There are two primary sources of successful competion of an uninterrupted, technically performed, upward swing from frame G to I. Reliance on existing angular momentum from prior technique (frames A-F) and additional reaction force from the bar are critical, Consequently, this external reaction force is contingent upon an internal angular impulse from the should er joint flexors. This serves to either maintain or even increase existing angular momentum by counteracting the resistive force of gravity through flexing the humerus at the shoulder joint. The bar simply responds with an equal and oppositely directed torque.

Confounding the problem of securing a fluent upward swing June 1995

pattern is an increased rotational inertia created as the hip and shoulder joints increase angulation from the bottom of the swing tlu'ough frame G. This maneuver creates increased resistive torque from the bottom through frame G. As the gymnast swings from frame H to I, however, resistive torque decreases because the CG progressively moves closer to the bar (axis of rotation). Gravitational torque decreases as the line of force application moves closer to the axis; in fact, torque does not exist at 90 degrees to the axis (Luttgens et a!., 1992).

A neutral head alignment, hollow chest position, elbow extension, and stabilized pelvic girdle are essential during the entire counter clockwise swing.

When there is insufficient upward swing, however, concessionsinappropriate body alignment are appare nt. This compromise is 0 bvious in frame H with decreased rotational inertia produced by elbow flexion. Further compromise can occur by reducing rotational inertia through decreased going angles inherent in vertebral column hyperextension, pelvis forward til ting, humerus extension at the shoulder joint, and flexion at the wrist.

Aerodynamic drag exis ts with gymnastics performance.

This resistive force results with the interface of body profile to air flow and rises as the square of the velocity (Kreighbaum & Barthels, 1990). Consequently, as the body begins to increase velocity on the upswing, the effects of both aerodynamic and gravitational forces are apparent. Although aerodynamic drag force alone may be of little consequence, coupled with the resistive force of gravity, there is significant repercussion unless all phases of the skill are performed with strict concern for mechanical principles. Although aerodynamic drag always acts as a resistive force, influence of this form of drag is reduced from frame F to I by increasing rotational inertial.

This change in body position acts to streamline the body profile and enhances laminar airflow by reducing air turbulence TECHNIQUE

(Kreighba um & Barthels). As the shoulder and hip joints increase in angle, such inertial changes reduce body profile to air flow and reduce resistive effects.

Change in swing direction The follow-through phase (frames I-K) is considered to be part of the cast to the handstand and represents an uninterrupted change in swing direction from a vertical position in frame 1. Counter clockwise swing can continue through the handstand position, when the line of gravity is directly above the base of support, because the system possesses angular momentum. For a change in swing direction, however, there must be a slight adjustment immediately prior to the top . Certainly maintaining the largest possible rotational inertia is helpful in changing swing direction and in establishing artistic expression. Additionally, a braking mechanism results through the gravity force and an eccentric muscle contraction of the shoulder joint flexors as the gymnast approaches the handstand from frame H to I. This begins slowing angular momentum in the counter clockwise direction, assisting in facilitating a directional change. The change in swing direction is not procured through concentric contraction of the shoulder joint extensors at the handstand position, providing a net angular force impulse on the bar. The resulting external reaction force from the bar directs the clockwise swing from frames I-K. Continuation of angular motion then facilitates beneficial outcomes for the subsequent gymnastics skill.

References Hall, SJ (1995). Basic Biomechanics (2nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby - Year Book, Inc. Kreighbaum, E., & Barthels, K.M. (1990). Biomechanics: A qualitative approach for studying human movement (3rd ed.). New York : Macmillan Publishing Company.

Luttgens, K. , Deutsch, H., & Hamil ton, N. (1992). Kinesiology: Scientific basis of human motion (8th ed.). Madison, Wisconsin: Brown & Benchmark.

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Men's Results

ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL VS. NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP Scores & Placement, 1994 ("

The following is a comparison study done by Fred Roethlisberger at the Un iversity of Minnesota. This analysis compares the relative scores and placements of athletes at the National Championshi[s who competed in one of the four Regional Qualifying competitions.

A

Name

I

Regional Raw Score n=26**

38 International (N

Minnesota (N

Stein Denucci Slaton Booth Wiley Larson

Diff. in Raw Score from Reg. to Not'l

Diff. in Rank Average change among all 4 in Rank from regions from Reg. to Nat'l per Reg. to Nat'l Individual

4 10 9 15 19 21 18 2

102.10 99.70 103.50 98.00 102.10 101.1 0 99.30 Ave. 100.80

14 21 7 23 14 16 22 4

路5.15 -6.50 -2.80 -5.80 -1.1 0 -1.50 -4.20 Ave. -3.89

-10 -11 +2 -8 +5 +4 -4 -2

-3.4

105.35 105.05 102.25 101.75 101.25 Ave 103.13

11 12 22 23 24 4

103.45 103.15 100.65 99.90 97.75 Ave. 100.98

8 9 18 19 24 2

-1.90 -1 .90 . -1.60 -1.85 -3.50 Ave. -2.15

+3 +3 +4 +4 0 +2

+3.2

108.75 108.45 107.30 106.60 106.65 106.50 102.90 103.75 Ave. 106.36

1 2 3 7 5 8 20 16

108.40 107.05 102.20 105.50 105.50 107.60 102.65 102.50 Ave. 105.18

1 4 13 5 5 3 10 12

-.35 -1.40 -5.10 -1.1 0 -1.15 +1.10 -.35 -1.25 Ave. -1.21

0 -2 -10 +2 0 +5 +10 +4 0

+1.1

106.65 105.05 104.85 103.70 99.80 99.00 Ave. 103.18

5 12 14 17 25 26 3

107.75 99.90 102.55 100.75 97.10 92.15 Ave. 100.33

2 19 11 17 25 26 3

+1.10 -5.15 -2.30 -2.95 -2.70 -6.85 Ave. -2.85

+3 -7 +3 0 0 0 0

-0.2

=8*)

Bryan Kell en MacReady Asano Reive Hanks Datilio Johns UCLA (N

Rank among 4 Regionals at Nat'l Champ n=26**

=5*)

Christie Thornton Vogt Denk Cotter Gold Cup (N

National Raw Score

=7*) 107.25 106.20 106.30 103.80 103.20 102.60 103.50 Ave. 104.69

LaVallee Klaus Masucci Booker Moran Goodale Brumley

Rank among 4 Regionals

=6*)

*Prequalified and petitioned athletes were not included in this analysis. **Twenty-six persons qualified from four regions and alsocompeted at Nationals including elite 8 elite developmental.

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

USA

VIDEOTAPES To order any of these videotapes, use the form on page two.

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fHE GYM COACH SERIES I: LEVEL 4 WOMEN'S ARflSflC

A.

From warm-up to the handspring vault. From a beam complex to kip cast handstands. Many of the skills and preparations that you need to produce a gymnast ready for Level 4. Meg Warren and Richard Kearns are the coaches. A Charles Minster production.

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'S .MERIC.N cUP

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Thirty-nine skills with more than IS5 progressions including Tsukahara, double backs, giant circles and back handsprings on beam. This video carries on from Series I. Colin and Christine Still are the coaches. Skills are presented in an easy to follow manner. A Charles Minster production.

Skills included: Vault-Handspring; handspring with full twist; 1/ 2 on 1/2 off; Tsukahara; handspring front saito.

Bars-Kip to cast; cast to handstand; straddle back to handstand; layout flyaway; layout flyaway 1/1; top change; blind change; clear hip circle to handstand; back giant; front giant; double flyaway.

Beam-Beam complex; spins and turns; hands to feet -landing; back walkover; llic flac; handstand to flic flac; flic flac, flic flac; flic flac layout salta; RO; and RO tuck back saito.

Tumbiing-Flic flac; round-off; backward saito; backward saito tucked; double back saito tucked; layout back saito with 1/ 2 twist; layout back salta with full twist; hand supporting the twist action; layout front saito with 1/2 and 1/1 twists; full and double twist; handspring; handspring with saito; handspring + saito with 1/2 twist; handspring + saito with full twist.

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HOME fRAMPOllNE SAFErY VIDEO The Home Trampoline Safety Video addresses important safety considerations including: proper equipment set-up, supervision, safetr rules and procedures, trampoline storage and security, the use of progressions, and emphasis on non:somersaulting skills.

This video is recommended for all families who currently own or are considering the purchase of a home trampoline. " is also a valuable resource for gymnastics clubs and schools .that use trampolines in their programs.

The suggested retail price for single copies of the Home Trampoline Safety Video is $19.95. To encourage gymnastics clubs and pro-shops to distribute the video to their clients, a "Club Pac" of 10 videos for $ I 20 is being offered for a limited time.

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The official video magazine of USA Gymnastics.

Contents of Vol. I, No. I, April 1995: Competition Highlights-Men's 1995 Winter Cup Challenge, Colorado Springs, Colo.; Women's 1995 American Classic, Oakland, Calif.; 1994 Rhythmic Challenge, Colorado Springs, Colo.; and 1995 American Cup, Seattle, Wash.

Club Tour-West Valley Gymnastics Athlete Spotlight-Amy Chow Other-How do you warm-up? International Protocol Summit.

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June 1995 TECHNIQUE

Women's Minutes

ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD MEETING

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May 14,1995 West Palm Beach, FL

I. ROLL CALL Meeting was called to order at 8:00 n.m .

Region I Region II Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII Region VIII

Denise Porrazzo Laurel Tindall Carol Hillenburg George Grainger Kathy Koeth Kathy Ostberg Jan Greenhawk (absent) H oylene Noble

JOPCC EPCC WTCRep WPD WJOPM NAWGJ

Tom Koll Roe Kreutzer C. Hamilton for M. Cross Kathy Kelly (absent) Connie Maloney Yvonne Hodge

II. MINUTES Recommendation to approve the minutes from the last meeting and the February Conference Call as published.

Motion - D. Porrozzo Second - K. Koeth PASSED

III. WAB MINUTES K. Feldmann discussed with the Committee that she would request that future WAB Spring meetings not be held in conjunction w ith a competition.

The committee members were in agreement. The next meeting will be conducted at the USAG Congress with date and time to be announced.

IV. RULES AND POLICIES REVISIONS The WAB will have a conference call concerning the final approval of the 1995- 96 Rules and Policies for Women.

V. REGIONAL ELECTIONS Region I - RTC and REPC election Region V - None Region II - RC and RTC election Region VI - RJOPC election Region VII - REPC election Region III - REPC elec tion Region IV - None Region VIII - REPC election CLARIFICATION: That a tie in an election with only two candidates running would follow the same procedure as for a tie in a run-off (the Regional Board would vote to break the tie). The National Chairmen voted officially to elect/re-elect the following candidates who ran unopposed for a position: Reg. I Denise Porrozzo (RC) Reg. II Brad Loan (REPC) Re. III Carol Hillenburg (RC), Carole Bunge (RTC) Regg. IV George Grainger (Re), Linda Beran (RTC), Jim Chudy (REPC) Reg. V Kathy Koeth (RC), Mary Lee Tracy (REPC) Reg. VI Kathy Ostberg (Re), Cindy Sielski (RTe), Byron Knox (REPC) Reg. VII Jan Greenhawk (RC), Cheryl Hamilton (RTC) Reg. VIII Hoylene Noble (RC), Marian Dykes (RTC)

VI. NATIONAL CHAIRMEN ELECTIONS Discussion was held concerning the timing of the elections for the National Committee Chairmen.

Recommendation that the National WAB Chairman and the National Elite Program Committee Chairman be elected the year of the Olympic Games, after the completion of the Games. The National Jr. Olympic Program Committee Chairman and the National Technical Chairmen be elected two years after the Olympic Games.

Motion - H. Noble Second - L. Tindall PASSED CLARIFICATION: All National Committee Chairmen will be elected in 1996 as per the current Operating Code. Terms of office will be of varying lengths (or this election because of the above motion. Terms will return to four-year terms with the subsequent elections.

Note: The rO. Program Committee voted (May 21, 1995) to extend the present term of office of the r O. Nationa l Chairmallulltil August 31,1998.

Recommended changes in the Operating Code: Article VII, Section B, 3: Concerning the completion of elections for National Committee Chairmen-to read "Elections to be completed by and term of office to begin September 1st."

Article VII, Section C: The dates stated in the election procedures for National Chair be adjusted accordingly.

Motion - C. Hillenburg Second - D. Porrozzo PASSED Recommendation to change the Operating Code concerning the election procedure for National Committee Chairmen (Article VII, Section C, 1) as follows: "that the election of National Officers be conducted by a written ballot mailed to the respective Committee members and returned to the National USAG office. The election commission shall be published with the ballot. " Motion - K. Koeth Second - H. Noble PASSED

VII. OPEN SCORING/START VALUE FLASHING PROCEDURES The Committee requested that the WTC change the wording of the procedures for Open Scoring and flashing Start Values in order to expedite this process.

VIII. ELITE COMMITTEE REPORT-R. Kreutzer The Talent Opportunity Program was discussed. The Regional testing fee was increased to $30 ($25 to go to the Region, $5 to go to USAG).

Elite Qualification: Each gymnast has a maximum of two chances per level (National and International) in each season to qualify to Classics.

The top four Senior National gymnasts will be guaranteed an international assignment this year.

National Gymnastics Festival will be held in Colorado Springs at the Olympic Training Center, American Classic will be in Birmingham, Alabama and the Olympic Festival will be in Boulder, Colorado.

IX. JR. OLYMPIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE REPORT- T. Koll Copies of the J.O. Program Comm ittee meeting agenda were distributed and the Res were requested to give their input to their RJOPCs prior to the meeting in Nebraska. T. Koll thanked the WAB for supporting his request to extend the current term of the RJOPCs. The committee is working d iligently on the compulsory exercises to be presented in June of 1997.

X. WOMEN'S TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORT-C. Hamilton The WTC is compiling a score comparison of the Regional Elite and Classic meets. An Elite base score video is being developed and the committee is working on the deductions for the new J. O. compulsory exercises.

XI. J.O. PROGRAM MASNAGER REPORT-C. Maloney Problems with hotel space atJ.O. National meets was discussed. C. Maloney will work with the 1996 J.O. National meet director towards a solution.

Upcoming camp and compulsory development schedules were discussed.

The JOPC w ill meet at the USAG Congress in August and again Dec. 1-3.

XII. PAYMENT OF OFFICIALS At the request of Marilyn Cross (NTCC), C. Hamilton brought up the concern that judges are to be paid in a timely manner. None of the RCs reported any written notification of problems in this area.

XIII. ASSIGNMENT OF REGIONAL MEET JUDGES CLARIFICATION: Regional meet judges' assigrunents must be approved by the Regional Board.

XIV. NAWGJ REPORT-Y. Hodge Copies of the NAWGJ 1194 Annual Report and information on the National Judges Cup/Workshop (to be held June 29-July 2 in Denver) were distributed.

Through the ed uca tional fund, NAWGJ has purchased the FIG training film for each Region.

XV. USAG JUDGES FEE STRUCTURE There was a request from the Committee to USAG to clarify the fee structure relative to the amount of break time allowed w hen the judging time falls in

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

Women's Minutes

between the hours listed . There was also discussion concerning Regional mee t fees.

Recommendation that the State and Regional Boards have the option to use the regular hourly fee according to rating OR to negotiate a fee for State and Regional Championship meets not to exceed the regular hourly fee schedule.

Motion - H . Noble Second - L. Til'ldall PASSED

No te: Th is issue was also discussed at the JOPC meeting (May 21, 1995) a/ld K. Kelly rem inded the committees that the Judges Fee contract is a responsibility of the National Office and that committee input will be conveyed to the office by their National Chairmen for negations with NAWGj. A review of these issues will be conducted prior to August 1, 1995.

XVI. RCI SC WORKSHOP A Regional/ State Chairmen's Workshop w ill be held at the USAG Congress on Sunday, Augu st 20, 1995, 9:00 AM-1 :00 PM.

to compete the gymnast must also have reached the minimum age requirement for each Level. It is the coaches' responsibility to indicate the athlete's birthdate and correct age for the season on the entry form.

Motion - B. Colarossi Second - M. West PASSED (5 in favor, 3 opposed) Recommendation to change the minimum age requirements to: Level 4 must have reached her 6th birthday LevelS -7 must have reached her 7th birthday Level 8-9 must have reached her 8th birthday Level 10 must have reached her 9th birthday Motion - B. Colarossi Second - E. Wulf PASSED

VI.

LEVEL 8 REGIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS

Chairman K. Feldmann reminded the Committee tha t all National, Regional, and State officers have an obligation to support USAG and foll ow its rules, policies, and p rocedures as outlined in the Rules and Policies.

Recommendation that the Regional Board will determine if and when a Regional Championships for Level 8 will be conducted, as well as the qualifying procedures for such competition. .

Motion - J. Geddert Second - B. Colarossi PASSED

XVIII. FINANCIAL REPORTING

VII.

There was a d iscussion concerning problems w ith financial reports. K. Feldmann reminded the Committee of the importance of maintaining the proper financial reporting procedures and time lines.

Recommendation that the State Board will determine if and when a State Championships for Level 4 will be conducted, as well as the qualifying procedures for such competition.

Motion - E. Wulf Second - C. Jarrett PASSED

XVII. OBLIGATIONS OF ELECTED OFFICIALS

Meeting adjourned at 11 :45 Approved by Kathy Scan lan, USAG President 5/26/95

VIII. LEVEL 9 EAST/WEST CHAMPIONSHIPS

J.D. PROGRAM

Recollmtendation to conduct au Eas!,/\'\'est ChMnpionships at Le. e19 for the 1996 season.

Motion - K. Hill Second - C. Jarrett DEFEATED (3-3-2 - Chairman voted to break tie)

COMMITTEE M ay 21-22, 1995, Lincoh1, NE

I.

II.

IX.

ROLL CALL Region Region Region Region Region Region Region Region

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

Darla Franz Mike West Che ryl Jarrett Bryon H ough John Geddert Bob Colarossi Kelli Hill Elaine Wulf

NABC NEPCC WTC Rep WJOP Mgr WPD

Ka thy Feldmann Roe Kreutzer Cheryl H amilton Connie Maloney Kathy Kelly

PREVIOUS MINUTES RECOGNITION

The Committee presented B. Colarossi with an Appreciation Plaque for his years of service to the J.O. Program. Due to the fact that he has been named the Executive Director of the 1996 OlympiCTrials, he is not able to accept the two year extension of the RJOPC position . T. Koll presented the entire committee with a token gift for their tremendous ded ication and efforts and also presented B. Colarossi w ith a personal tribute for his contribution .

IV.

GEOGRAPHIC DISCUSSIONS

Committee discussed the letter requesting permission for a gym club to compete in a neighboring State's qualifying system, including State Championships and T. Koll w ill respond w ith possible solutions and available options.

"I.

TOUCH WARM·UP REGULATIONS

The J. O. Committee request tha t the Women's Technical Committee clarify the 30 second touch warm-up for Balance Beam and the directives for the event timers.

X.

LEVEL 8 DIFFICULTY RESTRICTIONS

ReCOllltliendation that if " C" elell teltt is perforllted at Le. e18 it .. illrecei. e • alue part credit of "B" Mid lIta), fulfill COlltpoSitiOltalMid spedalrequite ItIents7

Motion - B. H ough Second - D. Franz DEFEATED (4- 4 - Chairman voted to break tie)

The minutes from the last meeting had no corrections or deletions.

III.

LEVEL 4 STATE CHAMPIONSHIPS

AGE DETERMINATION

Recommendation that the athlete's age for competition be determined by the date of the final day of competition at the culminating Championship meet of that level [Example: State Meet: Levels 4-7; Regionals: Levels 8 & 9; and Nationals: Level 10) This means that athletes must compete in USAG meets at the same age for the entire season. In order to be eligible June 1995

XI.

OPTIONAL ELEMENT VALUE CHANGES

Recommendation to accept the WTC recommendation to adopt the recent FIG element evaluations: Vault: Roundoff, Flic flac on, half tum and front salto stretched off from 10 to 9.9 Floor Exercise: Straddle pike jump with 360° tum (Popa) from "D" to " C" Front Salto stretched w ith 1,/, (540°) twist (Rudi) from "E" to "D" Flyspring to remain a "B" Motion - D. Franz Second - B. Hough PASSED

XII.

ELITE PROGRAM REPORT

R. Kreutzer reported that the EPC w ill meet at the National Gymnastics Festival, July 6- 8 in Colorado Springs. The Am erican Classic Meet and World University Games Trials w ill be conducted jointly in Birmingham, Alabama on July 22-24. The USA Championships w ill be conducted in conjunction wi th Congress (Au gust 22-24). World Championships Trials are scheduled for September 8- 9 in Austin, Texas in conjunction wi th the TECHNIQUE

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Women's Minutes

GAT Convention. Olympic Sports Festival w ill be held in Boulder, Colorado on July 28-30. This will probably be the last Olympic Fes tival.

XIII. WOMEN'S ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD REPORT

~

K. Feldmann reported on the actions taken last weekend at the Administrative Board's meeting. The WAB reviewed the Operating Code, Election Procedures and Terms of office, and continues w ith its work on the revisions of the Rules and Policies.

Also, as the USAG Collegiate Co-Coordinator, Feldmann informed the committee that she w ill be presenting opportunities for club/collegiate coordination and asked for the committee's sugges tions and support.

A

XIV. WOMEN'S TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORT c. Hamilton reported on the judges' training videos and other work that the

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WTC has completed or is in near completion. She w ill be compiling information from the two J.O. National meets in regards to trends in composition and difficulty.

XV.

NATIONAL J.O. PROGRAM CCOMMITTEE CHAIR ELECTION

In response to the WAB's action to change the term of office of the National JOPCC to begin two years after the Olympic Games, the committee discussed w hether there should be an extension or an election for the two year term w hich would commence in 1996 and end in 1998.

Recommendation to extend the present Jr. Olympic Program Committee Chairman's term of office to August 31, 1998.

Motion - C. Jarrett Second - B. Colarossi PASSED

XVI. JUDGES' FEE STRUCTURE CONCERNS Recommendations from the WTC and the W A B concerning the Judge Fees for Regional Meets was discussed by the committee. This issue is an office negotiation between the USAG and NA WGJ and all committee recommendations w ill be brought to the office by the National Commi ttee Chairmen ..

A decision will be made prior to the August 1, 1995.

Meeting adjourned at 11:30 PM. Meeting reconvened at 9:00 am.

XVII. EQUIPMENT FAILURE Recommendation to the WTC that a broken/tom handgrip used on Uneven Bars be considered equipment failure, thus allowing for the exercise to be repeated.

Motion - J. Geddert Second - C. Jarrett PASSED

XVIII. MEET FORMAT CONCERNS Recommendation that for meets in which the warm-ups are conducted in a separate gym alternating with competition ("Capital Cup " format), all athletes on the same team MUST be drawn in the same squad(s) within the same flight (in the same gym).

Motion - C. Jarrett Second - D. Franz PASSED Recommendation to abolish the 50 % rule for competition draw for J. O. Regional competitions.

Motion - K. H ill Second - C. Jarrett PASSED

XIX. ELITE DROP-BACKS The committee discussed the rules regarding Elite athletes petitioning back to the Level 10 program. It was the consensus of committee that USA Gymnastics' main purpose is to provide all athletes a competitive environment w hich is appropriate for their needs and to portray our sport as a caring place for our athletes.

Recommendation that an Elite athlete may be petitioned back to Level 10 provided that she has not competed in the American Classic competition in the same calendar year in which she wishes to compete in Level 10.

Motion - K. Hill Second - B. Colarossi PASSED June 1995

XX.

LEVEL 4 VAULT DEDUCTIONS AND START VALUES

Recommendation to the WTC to amend (reduce) the Level 4 Squat Vault pre-flight deductions at their July 1995 meeting.

Motion - E. Wulf Second - C. Jarrett PASSED Recommendation that the State Board may determine the Start Value of the Level 4 Vaults (Squat and Handspring).

Motion - E. Wulf Second - B. Colarossi PASSED

XXI. COMPETITION CONCERNS T. Koll asked C. Maloney to work on the formatting formulas and competition draw procedures in the Rules and Policies to review their accuracy. The committee expressed concern with competitions that conduct warm-ups in a separate gym do not always meet the" duplicate" apparatus specifications.

Recommendation that for competitions using a separate warm-up gym, the apparatus in the warm-up gym must be identical to the competitive gym, with the exception of the Floor Exercise. If a "spring" tumbling strip is used instead of a full Floor area, it must be a minimum of 56 feet long and 8 feet wide.

Motion - B. Colarossi Second - C. Jarrett PASSED

XXII. 1995-96 COMPETITIVE CALENDAR 1995: Aug.16 JOPC Congo mtg (arrive by noon); New Orleans Nov. 3- 5 Filming of1997- 2000 Level 1-4 Exercises; Indianapolis Dec. 1-3 JOPC Meeting; TBD 1996: May. 23-24 or 30- 31 - Level 10 State Meets Apr. 3-14 Level 10 Regional Meets May 2- 5 J. o . Nationals (Jr. & Sr.); Atlanta 1997: Mar. 22- 23 or 29-30 - Level 10 States Apr. 12-13 Level 10 Regionals May 2-4, J. O. Nationals; TBD 1998: Mar. 28-30 or Apr. 4-5 - Level 10 States Apr. 18-19 Level 10 Regionals May 8-10 J. O. Nationals; TBD

XXIII. 1997 MASTER COMPULSORY WORKSHOPS Committee decided that two Workshops will be conducted. The Committee requested that sites be researched and awarded. Tentative dates ar May 29June 1, 1997 and June 5- 8, 1997.

The committee suggested that the WTC consider conducting the presentation of the new Code of Points in conjunc tion w ith the Compulsory Workshops.

XXIV. J.O. NATIONWAL CHAMPIONSHIPS RecoII짜TIendation that the top five Regional teams in each age division receive awards.

Motion - J. Geddert Second - B. Hough PASSED ReCOII Ll1lelLdatiolL to i:t'C1ea~e tlte J. O. Na tiolLa} Tean. hom ~evelL (7) to telL (10) pel age divi~iolt.

Motion - C. Jarrett Motion died for a lack of second.

XXV. 1997-2000 COMPULSORY PROGRAM The committee reviewed the skills in Levels 1-4 and Levels 5- 6- 7, as well as the rough draft videos for Level 5/6 Floor and Beam by T. Biggs and M. Grossfeld. Chairma n T. Koll w ill contact both choreographers w ith comments and suggestions from the commi ttee.

Evaluation of Level 1-4 will be similar to the evaluation of the present Level 2/4 sequences. Chairman requested each committee member to work up a list of 12 points for their event by the Congress meeting.

Vault: West & Hill Bars: Geddert & new Region 6 JOPCC Beam: Jarrett & Franz Floor: Hough & Wulf

Meeting adjourned at 7:30 Approved by Kathy Scan lan, USAG President May 26, 1995 TECHNIQUE

Women's Minutes

WOMEN'S ELITE PROGRAM COMMITTEE

LEVEL I PDP PRESCHOOL ACCREDITATION FOR TEACHERS

Conference Call May 8,1995

Call commenced at 11 :15 am, Monday, May 8, 1995.

Region I Region II Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII Region VIII EPCC ETC WPA

The Facts

Julie Knight Brad Loan Kristi Krafft (absent, called in late) Jim Chudy Mary Lee Tracy Byron Knox Gary Anderson Tim Rand Roe Kreutzer Audrey Schweyer Kathy Kelly

1995 Congress, New Orleans August 16, 1995 Registration: 8:00-8:30 a .m .

Workshop: 8:30 a.m.- 6:00 p.m.

Special Discounted price: $95

The Pilot Workshop

The purpose of the call was to review the National Elite Qualification Scores for the upcoming season . G. Warren h ad sent the committee the actual n ation al statis tics on the level from the 1)revious season.

Recommendation to amend the qualification score for the National Elite level to the National Gymnastics Festival as follows: Junior National

35.00 AA (Optional Only)

Senior National

36.00 AA (Optional Only)

USA Gymnastics is proud to present the first Level I PDP Preschool Accreditation for Teachers pilot workshop at the 1995 Congress in New Orleans . The all-day pilot workshop is designed for individuals w ho have at least five years experience in teaching preschool gymnastics. Those w ho are selected to attend w ill have an opportunity to provide input regard in g worksh op format, evaluation, workbook contents, and above all, be the first group to be officially accredited.

All individu als w ho are accepted to attend and successfully complete the Level I Preschool Accreditation will receive the following: special discounted worksh op price ($95)

Junior National MUST perform and be scored on the new testing program at BOTH the regional elite meets and the Nation al Gymnastics Festival.

Thirty-two athletes in each age division Uunior and senior) will be guaranteed to the Meet Director with the understanding that entry will not drop below one point of the qualification score; (i.e.

34.00 Junior and 35.00 Senior).

Roe Kreutzer thanked Knight, Hunger and Rand, w ho have decided not to run for re-election in their regions, for their service to USA Gymnastics and the Elite Program. Kelly stated that the program w ill continue to call upon their expertise in other ways. A. Schweyer thanked Knight, Krafft and Anderson for their h elp with the new program. Kelly then thanked all- especially to A. Schweyer for her leadership and efforts for the new testing program.

Kelly informed the committee that G. Warren had mailed the new program (text and video) to all those clubs who competed in the first elite season. She requested that if the regional chairman had new clubs entering this season or knew of any athletes who were considering petitioning to the World University Games Trials to please inform the office ASAP. Warren stressed the importance of good communication from the regions.

workbook certifica te newsletter subscription and much more!

Registration Application If you would like to be considered as p art of the inaugural group in Level I Preschool Accreditation, please send cover letter and resume to the following address by July 3,1995:

Jennifer Gallahue Lee, Educational Development Coordinator USA Gymnastics 201 South Capitol Ave., Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225

It looks like Birmingh am, Alabama w ill be hosting the US -': lassics. Contract should be signed this week. Hotel reservations for the athletes and coaches MUST be m ade throu gh the USA Gymnastics office ONLY. Look for information packets on the GYMNASTICS FESTIVAL, the OLYMPIC SPORTS FESTIVAL, and the U.S. CLASSIC. June 1995 TECHNIQUE

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Coaches Education

GRANDPARENTING ApPLICATION SS# _ _ _ __

Name Address

I

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<5> ÂŤJQ

rn M6~

COACHES EDUCATION

Zip _ _ _ _ _ _ __

City

State _ _ _ __

Phone (day)

(night) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

/ Birthdate / Safety Certification: PDP Level II Accreditation: ASEP Sport Science Course: Please select:

Age _ _ __ 0 No 0 No o No OMens

0 0 0 0

Yes Yes Yes Womens

USAG Professional No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

0 Rhythmic

Educational Background Inst

Grad Yr.

School/College/University

Degree

Major Area

HS Univ.

Grad.

Coachin&,Administration Experience From

r-

"' < "' r-

To

Employer

Position Description

# of Athletes/Boys or Girls

Other

Team Coaching Year

Upon completion of this form send to: USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capitol Ave. Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225 Alln: PDP

Level

Additional Information (certifications, courses completed, additional experience, etc.) (please print or type)

--------------------------------~~

T695

June 1995 TECHNIQUE

Rhythmic Gymnastics

Grant Application Form In an effort to encourage new rhythmic gymnastics programs USA Gymnastics announces the Gel II Going grant program.

The following criteria must be met for consideration as a Gelll Going grant winner : Applicants must be employed by a gymnastics club, school, YMCA or Park District program.

Applicants must attend eight hours of designated Congress sessions.

Applicants w ill be encouraged to initiate rhythmic classes in the Fall of 1995.

Applicants must submit a completed grant application which includes signature of current employer.

Procedure for application

Introduce Rhythmic Gymnastics to Your Program

1. Complete the application form and re turn to USA Gymnastics postmarked by July 1 2.

2. Complete the separate registration for Congress if you plan to attend regardless of your acceptance into the Gel II Going program.

USA Gymnastics offers a unique opportunity to the gymnastics community ...

3. If you have already registered and are accepted into the Gel It Going program, you w ill be reimbursed for your registration.

The USA Gymnastics Get It Going grant program is designed to promote the addition of rhythmic gymnastics lasses to club, school, YMCA or Park District gymnastics programs who have had little or no rhythmic programming in the past.

4. Grant winners will be notified by mail on July 21, 1995.

Twenty people (through application) will each receive a grant equivalent to $350 to attend a special Rhythmic Gymnastics Introductory workshop at the 1995 Congress in New Orleans.

Grant recipients will receive from USA Gymnastics ./ Congress Registration ./ Two nights of housing (1/2 double)

5. Grant applicants are responsible for making their own hotel arrangem ents. Grant winners w ill be reimbursed after submitting a copy of their receipt.

-------------------1

IIGet It Going" : Grant Application Form I

I (Return only this portion.)

I Name of applicant Age _ __ I I Name of school/club/program _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

./ Two days per diem

: Title _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

./ One full set of Level 1-4 Rhythmic Curriculum materials (includes video, book, and music cassette)

I Address

_ _ _ _----'-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

City _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

The Rhythmic Gymnastics Introductory Workshop The Workshop is an eight-hour curriculum which includes:

Day phone _ _ _ _ _ __

State

Zip _ _ __

Evening phone _ _ _ _ __

Planned start date of rhythmic gymnastics program _ _ _ __

./ Introduction to Rhythmic gymnastics ./ Rhy thmic Levelland 2 Classes

Signature of employer _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __

./ Basic Group Activities

Signature of applicant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

./ Class Planning ./ Rhythmic Level 3 and 4 Classes ./ Preschool Rhythmic Classes ./ Training the Level 5/6 Rhythmic gymnasts ./ Rhythmic Membership meeting

Attach a letter of intent outlining 1) professional gymnastics/ dance background and 2) statement describing why you are interested in receiving this grant.

Return to: Nora Campbell, USA Gymnastics, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300,201 S. Capitol, Indianapolis, IN 46225. (317-237~050~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ June 1995 TECHNIQUE

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USA GYMNASTICS

___ ra------;::~:----a. .., _

EDUCATIONAL I

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order any of these publications, use the USA Gymnastics order form on page .2. receive a "echnical catalogue, call USA Gymnastics merchandise department at 3 r 7-.237-5060.

"0

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SPORT PSYCHOLOGY

:;~~'lan~I~~~~hmic skills.

:86

GREAT GAMES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE

:he a/hle/:~nd ~:;~;~o/. Sol/ware pro fa mportan/ nU/riNo I n evaluo/ing and 9 II} that assists o~ compa/ible Wi/hna considera/ion~ He m~nt/oring Ulf higher. HD with 3Ma processor' '1 ements: 18M-PC praphics print. a Iree space I'M ,megahertz Or de . J bu r cOpabi"~ • a HAM .. / no/ reqUire'! and graphics capable' ",o~se,

S/;364

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'6

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1991 • Whitlock. paper· 127 pp • Sports Illustrated lor Kids: Little, Brown and (0.

Designed lor young girls expressing interest in gymnastics, this book includes tips, advice, illustrations, and more to help them get started in a sport that is great lun and great exercise.

ERGOGENIC AIDS IN SPORT

#3630

1983 • Williams. cloth·

386pp The aids are grouped into 5 categories: nutritiona~

1992 • Willis & (ampbell· cloth. 272 pp

pharmacologica~ physiologica~ psychologica~ and

Text providing broad coverage 01 research, theory and practical applications in exercise psychology. Real-lile scenarios help readers understand how to apply theoretical models and research in the litness setting.

mechanical.

#19

542.00

IN PURSUIT OF EXCELLENCE: HOW TO WIN IN SPORT AND LIFE THROUGH MENTAL TRAINING

528.95

TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE 1980· Burke· paper· 311 pp Readings in exercise physiology lor the coach and athlete.

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It covers the psychological An up-to-date guide to the concepts 01 concentration, prescription 01 exercise lor winning, losing, and health, litness & performance. /low U'llI ill Spcm al/d IjA competing successlully. This The book is divided into 5 parts: 17/flnq:1t Mnll<J1 Truinill1! highly successlul sport aerobic litness, muscular litness, performance book by litness & weight, control, litness & health, andlitness & lilestyle. internationally recognized sport psychologist Terry #12 517.95 Orlick has undergone a complete revitalization.

LIVING ANATOMY Better organized lor easier 'len\, Orlick PhD reading, the second edition 1990 • Donnelly. spiral· 231 includes dozens 01 new pp examples taken Irom This book takes a non-traditiona~ Orlick's real-lile experiences with champion hands-on approach that helps students learn the athletes and their coaches. essentials 01 anatomy quickly, easily, and more lunctionally. Designed lor physical education #14 514.95

In Pursuit of

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MAKE THE TEAM: GYMNASTICS FOR GIRLS

#3606 569.95

ADVANCES IN SPORT PSYCHOLOGY

1991 • Gustalson, Wolle & King. paper. 152 pp m_onpoo't_or_J Contains 60 lield-testedgames and relays lor upper elementary through high school. Included: complete descriptions, game diagrams, suggestions lor modilications, equipment needed, and salety tips.

____

(urtis This coaching system is designed to improve the mental preparation 01 athletes. It is an entire mental training program which includes: coaching manua~ athlete's log; cassette; and VHS tape.

#15 519.95

sequence activities include Across the Iloor, Over the vault, On the beam, Around the

~~~~S~ (HE(KATHLETPM

MINDSET FOR WINNING

1978· Martens. paper. 376 pp 36 articles based upon pertinence, succinctness & quality 01 writing. The book emphasizes the joy 01 sports, but also examines those events that create sadness.

#3617

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~

SO'r'WlP'J ...~R..'

PUBLICATIONS "0

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observe their young athlete's progress as well as learn the terminology 01 gymnastics.

The book is lully illustrated and includes helplul "What to practice" sections. Movement

55.95

MOVEMENT AalVITIES FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD teachers, coaches and/or trainers. Learn about the human body in a manner that is applicable to the daily activities 01 your lield.

#16

519.50

PRESCHOOL

1992. Totsky-Hammett. paper. /52 pp

100+ child-tested movement activities that make learning new skills lun lor preschoolers. Four movement areas: locomotor, ball-handling, gymnastics skills, and rhythmic activities.

#3622

$15.00

DESIGNING PRESCHOOL MOVEMENT PROGRAMS 1992 • Sanders· paper· 152 pp Both a detailed guide lor developing a preschool/ movement curriculum and a resource containing developmentally appropriate movement activities.

#3626

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DEVELOPMENTAL GYMNASTICS 1990· O'Quinn· paper· 218 pp Gymnastics movement education program lor kindergarten through 3rd grade.

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I CAN DO GYMNASTICS: ESSENTIAL SKILLS FOR BEGINNING GYMNASTS 1992 • Hacker et 01. paper. 139 pp

This is the student version 01 Sequential Gymnastics II. I (an 00 Gymnastics includes check sheets where the gymnast can record his/ her progress in accomplishing the basic movement skills 01 gymnastics. Parents can TECHNIQUE

FITNESS FUN: 85 GAMES AND AalVITIES FOR CHILDREN 1992 • Foster, Hartinger & Smith. paper. 112 pp Provides children with unique and enjoyable activities that consider muscular strength, muscular endurance, Ilexibility, and cardiorespiratory litness. Great lor K-8.

#3601

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Calendar Date

Days Discipline

Event

Location

Contad

Phone

317-237- 5050 317-237-5050

.JUNE

20 21 23 24 25 27

1 9 3 4 1 1

W M W MWR MWR MWR

Memorial Arthur Gander Sr. International Training Camp Region IV Congress Jr. Pacific Alliance Championships Safety Certification (8:30 a.m.-1:00 p.m.)

Safety Certification (6:00-10:00 p.m.)

Montreux, SUI Sabae, Japan Waukesha, WI Cali, COL Brookfield, WI Mundeline, Il

Kathy Kelly Dennis Mcintyre G. Grainger Galimore/ Kelly/ Campbell R. Druecke Quin Shannon

317-237-5050 414-782-3430 602-919-5920

1 1 1 1 7 8 9 10 10 12 13 20 20 21 22 22 25 27 28

2 9 1 1 2 1 7 1 7 1 5 4 11 3 1 1 14 1 2

W MWR MWR MWR W MWR MWR MWR MW MWR W R MW W MWR MWR R MWR MWR

Elite Regionals Special Olympics World Summer Games Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.-12:00 noon) Safety Certification (12:30-5:00 p.m.)

National Elite Gymnastics Festival Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m.)

Tenth World Gymnaestrada Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.)

Puerto Rico Cup Safety Certification (TBA) J.D. Training Camp U.S. Olympic Festival U.S. Olympic Festival U.S. Classic Nationals Safety Cert. (1 :30-5:30 p.m.)

Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.-1 :00 p.m.)

USA/Bulgaria Group Training Safety Certification (6:00-10:00 p.m.)

Safety Certification (TBA) &lIIinais State meeting

Various sites New Haven, CT Cable, WI Port Jervis, NY TBA Santa Barbara, CA Berlin, GER Savannaha, GA San Juan, PR Nassau, Bahamas Colo. Spgs., CO Denver, CO Boulder, CO Birmingham, Al* Deerfield, MA Richmond, VA lake Placid, NY Carmel, IN Peoria, Il

Kathy Kelly

317-237-5050

Bobbi Montanari Ken Miller Kathy Kelly Michael Taylor Steve Whitlock Kim Domagalski Galimore/ Kelly Mike Franco Cannie Maloney Nora Campbell Galimore/Kelly Kathy Kelly S. DiTullia Billy Bob Taylor Nora Campbell Dave Moskovitz Norbert Bendixen

614-777- 5057 914-856-8326 317-237- 5050 415-858-3480 317-237-5050 803-773-1404 317-237-5050 401-789-8096 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 413-772-0575 304-344-3279 317-237-5050

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Safety Certification (New: 1-5:00 p.m./Renew: 2-5:00 p.m.)

Safety Certification (1:00-5:00 p.m. New /2:00-5:00 p.m. Renewal) Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.-1 :00 p.m.)

J.D. Training Camp (10-11)

Decatur, GA Decatur, GA Sarasota, Fl Colo. Spgs., CO

Christine Calvert Christine Calvert Mike Franco Dennis Mcintyre

404-377-0241 404-377-0241 401-789-8096 317-237-5050

MWR MWR MWR MW MWR MWR MWR W MWR MW R

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Certification (6:00- 10:00 p.m.)

Safety Certification (TBA) Safety Certification (1 :00-5:00 p.m.)

Caca路Cola Nat'l Championships USA Gymnastics National Congress Safety Certification (6:00-10:00 p.m.)

Safety Certificatian (9:00-1 :00 p.m.)

National Elite Training Squad Camp World University Games 12th International Junior Camp Elite Training Camp

Grand Farks, ND Stroudsburg, PA New Orleans, LA New Orleans, LA New Orleans, LA New Orleans, LA New Orleans, LA TBA Fukuoka, JPN Yokohama City, JPN Colo. Spgs., CO

David Adlard Inter. Gym Camp Tina Sunier Gary Alexander Gary Alexander Tina Sunier Tina Sunier Kathy Kelly Galimore/Kelly/Campbell Galimore/Kelly Nora Campbell

701-746-2797 717-629- 0244 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050

MW W MWR W MWR MWR R MWR W MWR

FIG General Gymnastics Colloquium World Team Trials GAT Convention Safety Certification (7:30- 10:30 p.m.)

NorCal Congress (Region I) Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.)

Safety Certification (1 :00-4:30 p.m.)

Rhythmic World Championships Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.)

Region VCongress Safety Certification (TBA)

Copenhagen, DEN TBA Austin, TX Santa Clara, CA TBA Santa Clara, CA Charleston, WV Vienna, AUT Wall Township, NJ Bailie Creek, MI .

WA

Steve Whitlock Galimore/Kelly Cheryl Jarrell H. Fujimoto Chere Crowhurst H. Fujimoto Billy Bob Taylor Nora Campbell C. Finkel Cindy Scharnes leigh Eaton

317-237-5050 317-237-5050

MWR MW MWR W

Safety Certification (11 :00 a.m.-3:30 p.m.)

Artistic World Championships (T, AA, Ind) Olympic Congress of the USA Region VII Congress

New York, NY Sabae City, JPN Atlanta, GA lancaster, PA

Joan Hicks Galimore/ Kelly

.JULY

708-949-77 68

AUGUST

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SEPTEMBER

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3 2 3 1 3 1 1 6 1 3 1

408-372-1006 408-372-1006 304-344-3279 317-237-5050 201-586-1808 206-578-2042

OCTOBER

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*tentative June 1995 TECHNIQUE

Steve Kass

203-924- 8666 317-237-5050

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Safety Certification

Non-profit Organization U.s. Postage PAID Permit No. 7867 Indianapolis, IN

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES JUNE 25

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Brookfield, WI Registration 8:30 a.m.

9:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m.

Region 4 Mini Congress Milwaukee Marriott, I 94 & Moorland Rood, 53005 .

Course Dir: Rolph Druecke 414-782-3430 Mundeline, Il 6:00-10:00 p.m.

Allstar Gymnastics, 1355 Wilhelm Rd, 60060 Course Dir: Quin Shannon 602-919-5920, 602-892-7023 local Contact: Mary Ann Cashman 708-367-7968

JULY Coble, WI 9:00 a.m.-12:00 noon lake Owen Gym Camp Course Dir: Bobbi Montanari 614-777-5057 local Contact: Tom Jones 715-798-3785 also conducting PDP I Video Clinic Port Jervis, NY 12:30-5:00 p.m.

Team USA Sport Camp Course Dir: Ken Miller 914-856-8326 Santo Barbaro, CA 9:00 a.m-2:00 p.m.

University of California Course Dir: Michael Taylor 415-858-3480 local Contact: Mike Jacobson 407-743-8550

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Savannaha, GA 9:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.

Savannaha Coastal Georgia YMCA Course Dir: Kim Domagalski 803-773-1404 12 Nassau, Bahamas Time: 9:00 a.m.-1 :00 p.m.

Course Dir: Mike Franco 401-789-8096 22 Deerfield, MA 1:30-5:30 p.m.

5 Star Gymnastics Camp Eaglebrook School, 01342-0701 Course Dir: Steve DiTullio 508-263-9306 in July call 413-772-057 5 22 Richmond, Va 9:00 a.m.-l:OO p.m.

Richmond Regional Mens Gymnatics 2704 Charles City Circle, 23231 Course Dir: Billy Bob Taylor 304-344-3279 local Contact: Terri Finnegan 804-794-4354 27 Carmel, IN Time: 6:00-10:00 p.m.

Carmel Academy of Gymnastics; 575 W. Carmel Dr; 46032 Course Dir: Dove Moskovitz local Contact: Terri Wilson 317-844-6330 28/ 29 - Peoria, Il Time: TBA Illinois USA Gymnastics State Congress Course Dir: Norbert Bendixen 708-949-77 68, 708-708-8743 29 Decatur, GA 1:00-5:00 p.m. New / 2:00-5:00 Renewal Decatur DeKalb YMCA, 1100 Claire mont Ave. Course Dir.: Christine Colvert 404-377-0241

I Participation Registration Form I Name: Mr./Mrs./Ms. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ I Soc. Sec. #: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Birthdate:_ _ _ _ __ I Address: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ I City: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _S, tate: _ _ _ _.Z ip_ _ __

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Sarasota, Fl Time: 9:00 a.m.-l:OO p.m.

Sarasota YMCA Course Dir: Mike Franco 401-789-8096 Grand Forks, ND Time: 6:00-10:00 p.m.

Red River Volley Gymnastics Course Dir.: Dove Adlaird local Contact: Nancy Evans 701-746-2797 Stroudsburg, PA Time: TBA International Gym Camp Course Dir: TBA local Contact: International Gymn Camp 717-629-0244 New Orleans Time: 1:00-5:00 p.m.

USA Gymnastics Notional Congress The New Orleans Hilton Riverside and lTowers Contact: Tina Sunier 317-237-5050 ext 238 New Orleans Time: 6:00-10:00 p.m.

USA Gymnastics Notional Congress The New Orleans Hilton Riverside and Towers Contact: Tina Sunier 317-237-5050 ext 238 New Orleans Time: 9:00 a.m.-1 :00 p.m.

USA Gymnastics Notional Congress The New Orleans Hilton Riverside and Towers Contoct: Tina Sunier . 317-237-5050 ext 238

Please make checks payable in full to USA Gymnastics Safety Certificatibn Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics Safety, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300,201 S. Capitol, Indianapolis, IN 46225

Course Location: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Date: _ _ _ __

DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE â&#x20AC;˘ FOR OFFICE USE ONLY

If USA Gymnastics Member, List Type and Number_ _ _ _ _ _ __

Check

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Visa

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All courses are 3rd Cycle courses.

All materials (including the new Safety Handbook) for 3rd Cycle courses are provided at the course and are part of the course fee.

To achieve Safety Certification, the participant must be at least 18 years of age at the time of the course.

Registration Form Received:

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WA Time: T8A Washington State Workshop Course Dir: leigh Eaton 206-578-2042 or 577-6274 Santo Claro, CA 7:00-10:30 p.m.

Region One Congress Santo Claro Marriott, 2700 Mission College Blvd, 95054 Course Dir: Hiroshi Fujimoto 408-372-1006 local contact: Cheni Crowhurst 408-238-7245 Santo Claro, CA 9:00 a.m.- 12:30 p.m.

Region One Congress Santo Claro Marriott, 2700 Mission College 8lvd, 95054 Course Dir: Hiroshi Fujimoto 408-372-1006 local contact: Chere Crowhurst 408-238-7245 Charleston, WV 1:00-4:30 p.m.

Maverick Gym Club, 725 Crescent Rd., 25302 Course Dir: 8i1ly Bob Taylor 304-344-3279 Wall Township, NJ 9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.

Devlin Gymnastics, 2351 Hwy 34 Course Dir: Cathy Finkel 201-586-1808 before 9:00 p.m.

The course/ examination is $100.

USA Gymnas tics Professional Members and recertification is $75. Retestcost is $25. For groups of at least 10, contac t the USA Gymnastics Department of Educational Services and Safety.

Organization Represented: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Form of Payment:

TBA

Certification is good for four years.

Telephone: (H) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (W) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Course Director: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

SEPTEMBER

Mastercard

Name on Card: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Confirmation Mailed:

1'1114

Number: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

T695

Expira tion Date: _ _ _ _ Signature:_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

L ______________________________ June 1995

TECHNIQUE

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GYMNASTICS