Technique Magazine - January 1995

January 1995

AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF USA GYMNASTICS

Vol. 16, #1

Inside Using All The Features of USA Gymnastics Online! and Delphi Tkatchev Drill Conditioning: Principles For Specific Adaptations Exploring Personal Training As An Additional Source of Revenue In The Gymnastics Club What's Happening With Preschool Accreditation?

Beginning And Staying With The Basics: Building From The Ground Up Gymnaestrada-National Gymnastics Showcase Code Of Ethics Mental Skills Training: What's It All About?

A Plan For The Future Of USA Gymnastics

(tlftJA GYMNASTICS

Educational Materials

(rlilA GYMNASTICS "HE GYM COACH SERIES SERIES I: LEVEL 4 WOMEN'S ARTISflC From warm·up to the handspring vault. From a beam complex to kip cast handstands. Many of the skills and preparation that you need to produce a gymnast ready for Level 4. Meg Warren and Richard Kearns are the coaches. A Charles Minster production.

#2190

529.95

SERIES 2: ST'" ARflSTIC

COACHING WOMEN'S

A video to assist the teaching of advanced skills and techniques for women's artistic gymnastics. Thirty·nine skills with more than 185 progressions including Tsukahara, double backs, giant circles and back handsprings on beam. This video carries on from Series I. Colin and Christine Still are the coaches. Skills are presented in an easy to lollow manner. A Charles Minster Production.

#2450

529.95

Sleills included: VAULT Handspring; handspring with full twist; 1/ 2 on 1/ 2 all; Tsukahara; handspring Iront salta.

BARS Kip to cast; cast to handstand; straddle back to handstand; layout Ilyaway; layout Ilyaway with lull twist; top change; blind change; clear hip circle to handstand; back giant; Iront giant; double Ilyaway.

BEAM Beam complex; spins and turns; hands to leet • landing; back walkover; llic Ilac; handstand to llie lIac; Ilic Ilac, llie lIac; llic Ilac layout salta; RO and RO tuck back salta.

TUMBLING Flic Ilac; round·oll; backward salta; backward saIto tucked; double back salta tucked; layout back saIto with 1/ 2 twist; layout back salta with lull twist; hand supporting the twist action; layout front saIto with 1/ 2 and lull twist; 1/ 2, lull and double twist; handspring; handspring with salta; handspring + salta with 1/ 2 twist; handspring + salta with lull twist.

Item #

Description

Size

Quantity

Price

Total

To order ony of these books, or other educationol materiols ond videos presented in this issue, please complete this arder form.

USA Gymnastics Order Form Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ Address _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

City _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ State

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USA Gymnastics Professional Membership # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Club Gymnastics Membership # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Charge:

SHIPPING &HANDLING: ORDfRS 11 5AII0 UNO£RAOOI3. 11 5.01·150 ADO 14.

om 1100.01 ADO 18

INDIANA RESIDENTS ADD S% SALES TAX T195

o VISA

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SUBTOTAL ISO.Ol-\1llil ADO IS

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Signature: ____________________________ Send orders and make checks payable to: USA Gymnastics, Merchandise Dept., PO Box 5562, Indianapolis, IN 46255-5562 • 317·237-5060

publisher Editor Designer Design Assistant Men' s Pragram Directar Women's Pragram Director Rhythmic Program Director

Kathy Scanlan Steve Whitlock Julie T. Jones Stepha nie Am ick Ron Galimore Kathy Kelly Nora Campbell

USA GYMNASTICS BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chair: Sandy Knopp; President: Kathy Sennlon; President Emeritus: Mike Donohue; Amateur Athletic Union: Stan Atkinson; American Sokol Organilation:Jerry Milon;American Trampoline & Tumbling Association: Wayne Downing; American Turners: Betty Heppner; Jewish Community Centers: Lori Katz; National Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Coaches for Men: Abie Grossleld; National Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Coaches lor Women: Gail Davis; National Association for Girls and Women inSport: Dr. Mimi Murray; National Association 01 Women's Gymnastics Judges: Yvonne Hodge; National Collegiate Athletic Association: Jane Betts, Lou Burkel; National Federation of State High School Associations: Susan True; Notional Gymnastics Judges Association: Harry Bjerke; National High School Gymnastics Coaches Association: John Brinkwarth; Special Olympics, Inc.: Kate Fober-Hickie; U.S. Rhythmic Gymnastics Coaches Association: Suzie DiTullio; U.S. Association of Independent Gym Clubs: Lance Crowley; U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Men's Gymnastics: Peter Kormonn; U.S. Elite Coaches Issociotion lor Women's Gymnastics: TonyGehman, Roe Kreufzer; U.S. Men's Gymnastics (oD(hes Association:

Marc Yancey; U.S. Sports Acrobatics Federation: Bonnie Davidson; Young Men' s Christian Association of the USA: Rick Dodson; USA Gymnastics National Membership Directors: Men' s: JimHall, Roy Guro; Women's: Jim Archer, Julio Thompson-Aretz; Rhythmic: AliaSvirsky, UteAll-Carberry Athlete Directors: Wendy Hilliard, choir; Chris Woller, vice choir; Kristen Kenoyer Woodland, sec; Tanya Service Choplin, Dione ' Dee' Foster, Karyn Lyon Glover, Peter Vidmar, Conrad Voorsonger; USOC Athlete's Advisory Council: Michelle Ousserre.

USA GYMNASTfCS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chair: Sandy Knopp; Special Advisor to the Chairman of the Board: Roe Kreutzer; President: Kathy Sennlon; Secretary: Mike Milidonis; Vice Chair Women: Nancy Marshall; Vice Choir Men: TIm Doggett; Vice Chair Rhythmic: Candace Feinberg; FIG Women' s Technical Committee: Jackie Fie; FIG Rhythmic Technical Committee: Andrea Schmid-Shapiro; FIG Men' s Technical Committee: Bill Roelzheim; At Large Members: Jim Hartung, Joan Moore; Athlete Directors: Tanya Service Choplin, Wendy Hilliord, Peler Vidmor; USOC Athlete Representative: Michelle Dusserre; President Emeritus: Mike Donohue.

Unless expressly idenlilied to the enntrary, all articles, stolemenlsandvieWl printedhereinare ottribuled solelyto IheoUlhor and USA Gymnoslics expresses no opinion and assumes no responsibility Ihereof.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS AND SUBSCRI PTlOIII NQUIRIES: In order to ensure uninlerrupted delivery 01 TECHNIQUEmagazine, notice 01change 01 address should be mode six to eighl weeks in advance. For loslestservice, please enclose your present moiling label. Direct all subscription moil to TECHNIQUE Subscriplions, Pan Amerienn Plaza, 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite300, Indianapolis, IN 4622S. TECHNIQUE IISSII 0748-S9999) is published 10 times per year by USA Gymnastics, Pan American PIOlO, 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 462251phone: 317-2375050). Thirdcloll postage paid at Indianapolis, IN. Subscription prices: 525.00 per year in United States; all 01 her countries S48.00 per year. II available, bock illue single copies S4.00 plus postogefhondling. All reasonable core will be loke n, bul no responsibililycan be ollumed lor unsoliciled material; enclose relurn postage. Copyrighl 1995 by USA Gymnoslics and TECHNIQUE. All rig hts reserved. Printed by Sport Graphics, India napolis, IN.

Contents Telecommunications Using All of the Features of USA Gymnastics Online! and Delphi

5

Sport Science Tkatchev Drill Conditioning: Principles for Specific Adaptations

9 10

Alternative Programs Exploring Personal Training as an Additional Source of Revenue in the Gymnastics Club

14

Coaches Education ASEP Coaching Principles

16

Preschool What's Happening with Preschool Accreditation?

17

Coaching Beginning and Staying with the Basics: Building from the Ground Up

18

Events The 1994 USA Gymnaestrada: ANational Gymnastics Showcase

22

Administration USA Gymnastics - 1995 Budget USA Gymnastics Code of Ethics Mental Skills Training: What'sit all about?

25 26

28

Sports Psychology APlan for the Future of USA Gymnastics

30

Rhythmic Minutes Rhythmic Program Committee

35

Rhythmic Program Judges' Comments on the First Rhythmic Gymnastics Jr. Olympic Group Championships

36

Women's Program 1994 National TOPs Report F1G/ USAG Elite Vault Table USAG Junior Olympic Vault Table

38 44 45

Women's Minutes Women'sJr. Olympic Program Committee Minutes

41

Selection Procedures Rhythmic Gymnastics 1995 Pan American Games Selection Procedures Rhythmic Gymnastics 1995 World University Games Selection Procedures World University Games Selection Procedures

42 42 43

Safety Certification Safety Certification Courses

47

Michael Pina discusses building a strong fundamental base for your athletes through using the strategy of beginning and staying with the basics.

18

This report on the '994 USA Gymnaestrada in Palm Springs, Colif. which includes comments from the coaches and a listing of the top '0 reasons to artici ate.

The first article in a series presenting the USA Gymnastics Strategic Plan-a plan for the future to be submilled to the United States 0/ m ic Commillee (USOC).

22

30

USA GYMNASTICS

SA GYMNASTICS CONGRESS LECTURES J994 U . held mini.cameras. The quality of the tapes ond sound

EDUCATIONAL I

"

A 4

NOTE' These lectures were recorded with han?' . oodl For those of you how were unoble to is noi of high quolity... however, the info;motlo~t~ t~~~:ngre~s Proceedings Book should provide some attend Congress this yeor, these topes 0 ~ng WI excellent information on a variety of topICS.

VIDEOTAPES

PLEASE NOTE: The videos listed in this magazine are provided for educational and historic purposes. While every effort is made to produce videos of the highestguality, it should be noted that some of the videos are produced at events utilizing handheld cameras from vantage points in the stands by non-professional volunteer technicians. Only limited editing and production enhancements are utilized in order to provide a timely product at a reasonable cost to the USA Gymnastics membership.

ro order any of these videotapes, use the USA Gymnastics order form on page 2.

J994 TEAM WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS, DORTMUND, GERMANY

SPORr SCIENCE LECrURES I WOMEN'S PROGRAM LECrURES I (SLP, 5:28)-Whipback Tumbling (0:39); Tumble Tracks (0:44); Motivate Your Gymnasts (0:58); Tramp Techniques (0:51); Conditioning and Alignment (0:55); Rehabilitation of the Injured Gymnast.

#2420

512.95

WOMEN'S PROGRAM LECrURES" (SLP, 5:28)Beginning Beam (I :05); UB Conditioning (0: 10); Get a Grip (0:59); Stage Presentation (0:52); 8asic Bars (0:53); TU & Vault Basics (0:57); Beginning Basic Vault (0:41).

#2421

512.95

Men's compulsory ond optionals. USA and assorted other top routines. (SLP 6:00)

#2266

524.95

Women's training sessions. Warm· ups and "real· time" workouts of the top women's teams. (SLP, approximately 5 hrs.)

#2411

519.95

Women's compulsory podium training-USA and other top teams. (SP, 2:00)

#2412

516.95

MEN'S PROGRAM LECrURES (SLP)-Ring Strength (0:58); Troining Competitive Gymnosts (0:58); Running Speed & Power (0:59); Whipbock Tumbling: Motivote Your Gymnast; Trampoline Techniques.

#2422

512.95

516.95

AUERNAflVE PROGRAMS

Women's compulsory competition-USA and assorted others. (SP, 2:00)

#2414

516.95

Wamen's optionals: preliminaries and finals-all USA and assorted other top routines. (2 SP tapes, each 2:00)

#2415

#2424

524.95

(SLP, 5:50:00)-Abuse in Gymnastics (1:10); Pi/otes Conditioning (1:01); Cheerleader Gymnastics (0:55); Classes need Attention Too (0:44); Tumble Track (0:58).

#2423

POSITION

USA GYMNASTICS EDUCATIONAL SALES COORDINATOR USA Gymnastics has opened the position of Educational Sales Coordinator in the Merchandising Department. Please send resume to: Melissa Caito Director, Merchandising USA Gymnas tics Pan American Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Capitol A venue Indianapolis, IN 46225 (317) 237- 5060 (phone) (317) 237-5069 (fax)

Resumes will be accep ted until January 31, 1995 .

January 1995

512.95

512.95

SPORr SCIENCE LECrURES" (SLP, 5:25)-RSG National Team Testing Results (0:55); Human Performance Technology for Coaches (0:39); Pi/ates Conditioning /I (0:52); Rehobilitating the Injured Gymnast (0:50); Basic Bars (0:53).

#2425

512.95

BUSINESS rOPlcs I (SLP, 5:55)-Teom Problems (0:44); Business Planning (0:55); Capitalize on the Atlanta Games (0:59); Booster Clubs (I :09); 1.3 Million on $200 per month (I :00).

#2426

512.95

BUSINESS rOPlcs " (SLP, 3:48)- Your Best Oefense Against Lawyers (0:54); Protect Your Assets (0:50); Newsletter!

(0:58); Three To Get Ready (0:59).

#2428

Women's optionol podium training-USA and other top teams. (SP, 2:00)

#2413

(SLP, 5:45)Nutrition (0:56); Imagery Training (0:56); Overcoming Mental Blocks (0:56); Female Athlete Triad (0:55); Burnout (0:59); Energy Deficits (0:55).

512.95

PRESCHOOL/DEVELOP. MENrAL SESSIONS (SLP, 3:38)-Reol PreschoolSkills(1 :030; Coaching Skills from Down Under (0:38); Coaching Ideas (0:58);Exploration ond Discovery (0:58).

#2428

512.95

AVAILABLE

Job Description Educational Sales Coordinator will be responsible for all outside and inside sales of USA Gymnastics educational products. Various responsibilities include: providing infor· mation to support the existing inside sales efforts, developing mail order and direct mail efforts, coordinating advertising and promotions at various educational conferences and mini-Congresses, creating a marketing plan to promote a variety of products, creating sales promotions that target USA Gymnastics members and non·members, and organiz· ing and tracking sales of inventory.

Qualifications • • • • •

Undergraduate degree preferred Sales experience Knowledge of various distribution channels for educational products Understanding of marketing Gymnastics background a plus

USAGymnostics is the Notionol Governing Body (NGB) for the sport of gymnostics in the United Stotes, consistent with the AmoteurSportsAct of 1978, theConstitution of the United Stotes Olympic CommiHee (USOC) ond the Internotionol Gymnostics Federotion (FIG).

USAG olso hos the responsibility ond obligotion to identify, select, troin, support. promote ond monoge the Notionol Teoms which represent the United Stotes in internotionol competition. This competitive responsibility ond obligotion must be done with the highest degree of ethics. professionolism. ond commitment to guorontee success.

TECHNIQ UE

Telecommunications

D

:'ctnl~;r~~l

ingof files remam a mystery to many newcomers to online services. The main reason for this is that in order to download (receive) files from another computer system, or to upload (send) files to another system requires that both computers be talking exactly the same language-called protocol. The downloading and uploading processes are easy, once the protocol has been established, but making sure your computer and Delphi's are exactly matched can take some setting up.

USING ALL OF THE FEATURES OF USA GYMNASTICS ONLINE! AND DELPHI

By Jan Claire Manager, Delphi Custom Networks

Here are the things you must check to make sure your software is ready to receive data properly when sent from Delphi, or for when you are uploading (sending) data to Delphi and USA Gymnastics Online!

DOWNLOADING files from USA Gymnastics Online!

Check in your software's" data settings" area (read your manual to find out how) to see that your "parameters" are set to the following: Parameter Data Bits Parity Duplex setting St op Bits Auto -linefeed Car riage路Ret . / Linefeed XON -XOFF Local Echo Ter minal Emulation

Value 8 bit ASCII NONE FULL 1

or

To make sure Delphi's settings are set to ZMODEM you can enter / FX_ METHOD at any Delphi prompt. If ZMODEM shows on your screen, you're home free. If it' s anything else, just enter / FX_ METHOD ZMODEM and the Delphi system will change to that protocol. (It can be any from the list above .) In fact, if ZMODEM doesn't work, just switch your settings on Delphi and in your software to something else and try that. Built in troubleshooting!

Articles, software, and fun things you can download to your own computer to read or use when offline are always found in the DATABASES area throughout Delphi. EXCEPT USA Gymnastics Online where the DATABASES are titled LIBRARIES . (We thought it made more sense to newcomers.) So while in USA Gymnastics Online!, type LIBRARIES .

NO NO ON OFF VT100

Your software manual and perhaps your modem manual will explain the various types. We recommend Z-Modem because it automatically establishes the contact with the remote computer and begins the download without you having to do a lot of typing or entering.

VTlO2

To look around, type the topic you like- how about ARTICLES (text files you can download and read later)?

Type ARTicles to select that option.

The above settings are probably your software's "default" settings-it comes from the factory this way. If you have any trouble at all communicating with Delphi or USA Gymnastics Online!, one of these settings could be the culprit.

But wait, there's more! You also have to tell Delphi' s Computers what" method" of checking those lead marbles you' re going to use, and how you want that data wrapped up in packet form . There are several choices, listed here in order of popularity among our users :

To find out what articles are there, at the next menu select DIRectory of Groups . Typing DIR is enough.

To download (receive) files from another computer system, or to upload (send) files to another system requires that both computers be talking exactly

ZMODEM

the same language-called protocol. The

WXMODEM (Windowed XModem)

downloading and uploading processes are easy,

XMODEM

once the protocol has been established, but making

YMODEM KERMIT

sure your computer and Delphi's are exactly

All others

matched can take some setting up.

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

I

o

.A

s

Telecommunications

You'll be met with a quick short-list of articles available. If you want to download one of them just type READ xxxxx (the first few letters of one of the articles named). The command, READ RESEARCH , will show you details about the articles uploaded by Dr. Bill Sands.

.,

Look at your menu and you'll see that DOWN (load) is one of the options.

I

Type DOWN and Delphi will tell you it is ready to send the article as soon as YOUR computer is ready to receive it.

A

To trigger your own computer to download the article, just enter the key combination peculiar to your software (your manual will tell you how to download and upload) .

6

UPLOADING files to USA Gymnastics Online!

Uploading anything to Delphi is easy, but USA Gymnastics Online! offers you something else that's nice: time spent uploading is free from any surcharges. The minute you start uploading a file, your charges are suspended for that period.

The easiest files to upload are TEXT files (those saved in ASCII or TEXT mode by a word processor) . You can also upload formatted documents, software, and other types of data as BINARY files, too.

Let's say you've just written the greatest article and you' re so proud of it you want to share it with USA Gymnastics Online's community of gym-buffs.

Once you trigger your computer (in ProComm Plus for DOS, for instance it merely means you press the page down key to start a download). Your software will ask yo u to give the file a name when it saves it to disk.

First, save your article in a disk file or even on a floppy disk as a TEXT or ASCII file. That's very important because Delphi is a text-based system and if a person didn't want to download your article, but wanted to read it while online through the LIST command ... you'd want it readable!

After that the download should proceed. Again, we can't stress strongly enough that you must read your software manual to know how your communications software expects you to begin the downloading process. Once your system matches Delphi's method, the rest is up to your own communications software.

And you!

Using our previous example, submit yo ur article to the ARTI CLES area by selecting that option from the LIBRAR1Es menu.

At the ARTICLES menu, type SUBMIT to prepare the system to receive yo ur file. You'll get that pleasant message UBi 11 ing Tur ned Of f . (It's so pleasant to get something free!)

Learn to download and upload. It's your key to participation in the online world.

U

USA Gymnastics is pleased to offer its member clubs a "golden" opportunity.

Beginning January 19,?,5. our new retail sales program will offer member clubs the chance to provide the most fashionable Reebok@ ac1ive wear distinguished with USA Gymnastics' insignia.

This exclusively designed product line will be sold to clubs at wholesale prices. making this special program a profitable fund raising opportunity.

USA Gymnastics has a renewed dedication to member services. Take advantage of our commitment to club promotion and feature ~USA Gymnastics apparel and fitness clothing in your club and pro shop.

•• • • • •

WHY SELL OFFICIAL YOUR CLUB?

'@\ '@\ '@\

USA

GYMNASTICS APPAREL IN

Raise funds for your clubs Provide your club members the opportunity to associate with the image and success of the U.S .

National Teams Support the U.S. Olympic and National teams and training programs

WILL

I GET

SUPPQRT FROM

USA

GYMNASTICS?

Yes! In addition to offering this exciting program and exclusively designed product, USA Gymnastics will help you with your merchandising business.

Your first order will contain a marketing packaged designed with you, the club owner, in mind. We'll include posters and point-of-purchase materials that are designed to grab the attention of your buyer. We'll send you periodic updates regarding the Club Sales Program.

You'll also receive notices of special promotional merchandise and sales.

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

Telecommunications

The following 11 items contain information you should jot down on a piece of paper before beginning the upload process. Have them handy so you can enter them easily without having to stop and think while online. Do the thinking in advance: Type BEGIN to start filling in the information you need to provide before uploading the file : 1. Enter a BR I EF description of the file(s) you are submitting.

One line is nice. Press CTRL - Z when you're finished and the line looks right.

2. Enter the Topic (subject area) the article is destined for.

(ARTICLES) is the one for this example.

3. Enter the file type: whether it's a software PROGram, NEWS, ARTicle, etc.

4. Enter keywords separated by commas. These are the words researchers might use when searching for data on your subject.

If your article is about Gymnastics Gym Layout, certainly you'd want GYMNASTICS, GYM, PLANNING, LAYOUT to be among your keywords. Enter as many as you like that describe your article. And press CTRL - Z when you've done that.

5. What name or title do you want to appear in the " DIR" listing on people's screens? Give a brief 3D-character description of your article. The title is best. Press CTRL - Z when you've entered it.

6. The next menu allows you to choose your upload protocol if you haven't already done so (ZMODEM, XMODEM, etc.) or, if you always keep your software and Delphi tuned to the same protocol, you can merely choose " UPLOAD F I LE 1."

~ L L.... " "'" .....

a(

10 get

Ready

t

7.

The Delphi system, in an effort to make sure you have the protocols correct, will ask you to re-enter the type of protocol you're using. Do so (ZMODEM? ).

8.

You are now ready to upload. If you don't know how to proceed, the Delphi system will ask you, "Do you want an explanation of this part of the procedure?" You can answer Yor N depending on your expertise. You're an expert now, so just enter N.

9.

Enter the type of file you are uploading at the next prompt: Whether TEXT, BINARY, MIXED , etc. You can type / HELP at any time.

ID. Once you've entered the file type, the system will prompt you to begin your upload and will even tell you the type of protocol it's expecting from your computer (ZMODEM? ).

11. Start your upload. Your communications program will ask you the name of the file you wish to upload, and where to find it (the "path name") . Again, your software manual will tell you all about this part.

If you chicken out at this point, just enter three CTRL - C's in a row and the system will abort the upload.

Give it a try. Downloading and Uploading files is a great project for a rainy Sunday afternoon, and once you have uploaded your first file ... and you see it online, there's the same satisfaction as seeing it published in any other national magazine. It's fun, it's informative, and it helps other people in our great gymnastics community! Learn to download and upload. It's your key to participation in the online world .

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..Ie ss Videorin Dr. Dan e na\ Reaulne et Nutrl l~ healthy athlete in rnin~~t~~~~nistgand Mary A video with the ticS National Team USA Gyrnnas ld MedaliSt. rdot Bena , 984 Olyrnpic Go ton LoU Ret , 1

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ITEM#2444 ...... ·········· ··· To order use USA Gymnastics Merchandise form on page 2!

January 1995

TECHNIQUE

---

JOIN USA GYMNASTICS ONLINE! USA GYMNASTICS has joined with DELPHI in a great new partnership. USA Gymnastics Online! is the new DELPHI Custom Service offering you the world of gymnastics through your computer and modem .

In addition to USA Gymnastics Online !, you can access DELPHI itself, and explore the Internet.

Join USA Gymnastics Online! now and get 5 hours of evening or weekend access to tryout the Internet for free!

- .•

Use DELPHI's Internet mail to exchange messages with over 10 million people at universities, companies and other online services such as Com puServe and MCI Mail.

Down load programs and files using FTP or connect in real-time to other networks using Telnet!

It's all yours when you "hook up" to USA Gymnastics Online and Delphi .

It's easy to sign up, and even easier to get online once you've signed up, through more than 600 local access telephone numbers nationwide. Explore it all from the comfort of your own computer.

Get USA Gymnastics Online! and access to DELPHI and The Internet.

You'l l be amazed by what you discover!

5-HOUR FREE TRIAL! Dial By Modem 1-800-365-4636 Press Return 3 or 4 times At Password, enter GYMNASTICS Free time must be used on evenings and/or weekends Some restriction s apply .

Complete details are provided during the toll-free reg istration.

Questions 7 Call 1-800-695-4005.

USA Gymnastics' on line address for electronic mai l is USGF.

Uneven Bars

he Tkatchev has become a very prevalent skill among elite uneven bar routines. The skill has almost become a compulsory-optional element. The teaching of the Tkatchev, although not extremely difficult, can be troublesome due to the blind nature of the release and the fear factors involved in going over the rail backwards.

T

While presenting a workshop to Wisconsin gymnastics coaches, byaninvitationfromJeffWilborn from Janesville, Wisconsin, I was told about a drill for teaching the Tkatchev that was very intriguing. Sadly, I cannot recall who told me about this drill and thereby offer them credit for the idea-be assured however that the idea was not mine.

was told that the spotters then simp ly h el p the gymnast through the release and backward flight over the rail to a pit landing on the descent side. The coach(es) reported that the learning proceeded easily and that the gymnasts appeared to "catch on" to the motion more directly with this drill than wi th using an overhead belt and other approaches.

"

A. 9

Although I find the idea very intriguing, I can see some potential difficulties with the drill and offer the idea for coaches to consider only as a possible adjunct to current teaching approaches. The first problem is the n eed for a large mat stack. It may be difficult for gyms to dedicate the total n umber of mats required for building the mat stack high enough to reach

Wm. A. Sands, Ph.D. Departmen t of Exercise and Sport Science Universi hJ of Utah

The basic drill is shown in Figure 1. The gymnast swings downward and upward in a giant swing that has presumably been shaped to lead to the proper t ap and rise for a Tkatchev. As the gymnast rises and passes the height of the rail she begins the" reversal" of the Tkatchev, straddles her legs, and with the assistance of spotters, lands in a straddle bridge position on two mat s tacks. I was told that this is followed by having the gymnast perform the same drill more energetically to arrive in the bridge position with less and less assistance .

The gymnast then attempts to perform the reversal more energetically until she can land in a straddle stand on the mat s tacks, again with the assistance of one or two spotters. Finally, I

Land in bridge position

I

Cautions

路TKATCHEV DRILL The Drill

Figure 1 Tkatchev Drill-using a set-up of channel mats

the level of a rail that the fully extended gymnast can swing.

The second problem that I see is that stabilizing the mat stack will be very important. If the gymnast lands on her feet and tips the mats the results could be disastrous. This could be partly alleviated by the simple weight of two spo tters, but coaches should be cautioned to set up a very s table mat s tack.

The third problem concerns the technical emphasis of the drill.

Mr. Leonard Isaacs (American Academy of Gymnastics) told me that the men do their Tkatchevs with very little to no arch. Because women' s technique often follows men, the arch that appears to be emph asized by this drill may be counterproductive in the long run.

The up-side of this is that the drill would appear to emphasize the " internal rota tion" (i.e., January 1995

Mat Stack

reversal motions) that appear very h ard for gymnasts to learn.

The learning difficulties presented by gymnasts in the reversal phase of the Tkatchev was emphasized to me by Mr. Scott Crouse (Lone Star Gymnastics).

This drill may assist in teaching the gymnast to perform this reversal, and actually releasing the bar to perform the complete skill in this setting may be unnecessary. The last problem concerns the technical issue of whether the gymnast sh ould "shift-grip" during the reversal process and the landing on the mat stack while in a bridge position. When the gymnast performs the reversal and tries to land on the mat stacks in the straddle bridge position, the gymnast will probably be forced to shift grip to place her wrists on top of the bar if she wants to support herself in the bridge position. Although I have seen some gymnasts completely shift their grip leading to the release for the Tkatchev, these have been rare and it appears that this approach seriously limits the height that can be achieved in the fligh t of the Tkatchev.

The grip-shift may impede acomplete and forceful" throw" of the bar leading to the release and flight phases This problem might be alleviated by simply spotting effectively, but my feeling is that you should not encourage the TECHNI QUE

gymnast to shift her grip to support herself in the bridge position, and this will necessitate the support of the gymnasts body by an effective spotter.

However, I can also appreciate that w h en the gymnast must finally perform the skill completely and forcefully, the gripshift issue may be eliminated by the speed of the movement and thus take care of itself.

Conclusion Again, I would like to offer this drill as an intriguing idea for very advanced gymnasts with special needs. There are some cautions that coaches and athletes should consider before using the drill. Two spotters should be provided to prevent the gymnast from falling between the mats and to assist the gymnast through the appropriate" reversal" position and landing on the mat stack. The mat stack and the physical set-up should be carefully planned so that the mats cann ot tip and neither the coaches nor the gymnast can fall due to equipment movement. Finally, care should be exercised in eval uation of the drill' s effectiveness with regard to emphasizing the arch of the reversal and the problem of potentially emphasizing a gripshift that could be counterproductive to the long term development of the Tkatchev.

Sport Science

CONDITIONING: PRINCIPLES FOR d SPECIFIC ~ ADAPTATIONS William Cornelius, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of Education

nderstanding and identifying the particular de mands placed on the human body by gymnastics activities is crucial to reaching performance virtuosity and limiting injury.

Incorporating these demands into workouts in the form of progressive, year round conditioning activities can provide a meaningful influence on fitness and gymnastics performance.

Focus should be on activities corresponding to the demands placed on the athlete during gymnastics competition. Bilik (1958), an early athletic trainer and sports medicine authority, indicated that the purpose of sports conditioning is " ... to put the body with extreme and exceptional care under the influence of all agents which promote its health and strength in order to enable it to meet extreme and exceptional demands upon it. " Arnheim and Prentice (1993) also support this view in suggesting the primary objective of intense training is to prepare the athlete for the extraordinary demands imposed by a particular sport.

U

Responses to Exercise Regular conditioning activities and the manner in which training takes place results in

changing physiological responses to exercise (Clausen et aL, 1973). The specific changes or adaptations within the body from training are the direct result of the way particular activities are performed. Roy and Irvin (1983) suggest the SAID principle (Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands) probably best addresses what occurs in conditioning the athlete and summarizes two common conditioning principles-specificity and overload.

Specificity-After identifying the purpose of the activi ty, or what it is the gymnast wishes to accomplish, desired physiological responses to conditioning exercise can be realized through specificity of training.

The effects of training specificity have been well established (Clausen et aL, 1973; Hill and Smith, 1991; Pierce et aL, 1990; Withers et aL, 1981).

Because the outcome of condi tioning is based on the type of activity and the particular stress applied, it is advisable to train according to the task to be accomplished. For example, the particular manner in which the athlete trains determines the type of muscle fiber developed (Arnheim and Prentice, 1993).

Fast-twitch glycolytic muscle fibers are often utilized in gymnas tics performance and respond to the need for a high force production over short duJanuary 1995

The human system must be progressively and systematically worked harder if there is to be a training effect. Added stress or gradual implementation of overload on the system is necessary for improved physiological responses.

Overload is associated with maximum or near maximum effort and can result from increases in resistance, repetitions, rate, and duration of exercise (Roy and Irvin, 1983) . ration (less than one minute).

This type of activity aligns best with anaerobic metabolism.

When conditioning is characterized as activity of longer duration, however, it is likely that slow-twitch oxidative (endurance) fibers are recruited . Consequently, conditioning activity not specific to the gymnastics task would tend to train the system for aerobic metabolism rather than anaerobic. Furthermore, conditioning activity closely resembling that which is of long duration would modify the fast-twitch oxidative-glycoly tic (intermediate) muscle fiber away from the fasttwitch characteristic toward more effective end urance execution (Kreigh-baum & Barthels, 1990; Guyton. 1991) .

TECHNIQUE

Overload - The human system must be progressively and systematically worked harder if there is to be a training effect. Added stress or gradual implementation of overload on the system is necessary for improved physiological responses.

Overload is associated with maximum or near maximum effort and can result from increases in resistance, repetitions, rate, and duration of exercise (Roy and Irvin, 1983). The mode of exercise should replicate all competitive gymnastics events when possible through individual movements, positions, and routines. Appropriate levels of intensity, applied progressively, provide the means for physiological adaptations to be safely secured.

Sport Science

A Primary Means to Change There are a number of factors that contribute to being a successful gymnast. Conditioning activities are one of the primary means by which the gymnast can attain a performance level beyond the norm and undoubtedly is associated with successful implementation of imp ortan t physiological changes. Changes in the physical status of the gymnast, as a result of effective year-round conditioning, can prevent sport related injury, elevate motor performance, and secure health and fitness.

Iniury prevention-Preventing athletic injuries is incorporated in a total conditioning program. The physiological changes derived from an intensive program of both anaerobic

and aerobic activities elicit a decrease in serious injury. Comprehensive conditioning is essential and will provide a program of flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, power, and cardiovascular endurance (Arnheim & Prentice, 1993).

Motor performanceImproved gymnastics performance is closely linked with anaerobic condi tioning and specific physiological parameters relating to muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, and power. Specialized exercise relating to these fitness components, grad ually intensified over time, is designed to secure maximal motor performance (Arnheim & Prentice, 1993).

Health and fitness-A comprehensive conditioning program will go far in impacting health and fitness. This program should be associated w ith activities implementing

--------'

both aerobic and anaero bic metabolism, at intensity levels specifically linked to the various gymnastics events, and with movements replicating tho se n eeded in gymnastics competitions.

Summary Gymnastics conditioning is a beneficial part of effective training and essential for reaching high level performance. Favorable physiological adaptations evolve when conditioning is derived from gymnastics activity. Therefore, after properly identifying FIG combination requirements for each event and focusing on subsequent replication through conditioning, the gymnast can improve performance and reduce injury.

References Arnheim, D.O., & Prentice, W.E. (1993). Principles ofAthletic Training (8th ed.) St. Louis: MosbyYear Book, Inc.

Cla u sen, J.P, Klausen. K., Rasmussen, B., & Trap-Jensen, J. (1973). Central and peripheral changes after training of the arms or legs. American ]oumal ofPhysi010{51), 225, 675-682.

G uyton, A.C (1991). Textbook of Medical Physiology (8th edition).

Philadelphia : W .B. Saunders Company.

Hill,O W., &Smith,JC. (1991). Circadian rhythm in anaerobic power and capacity. Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 16(1),30-32.

Kreighbaum, E., & Barthels, K.M. (1990). Biomechanics: A Qualitative Approachfor Studying Human Movement (3rd edition) . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Roy, S., & Irvin, R. (1983). Sports Medicine: Prevention. Evaluation, Management, and Rehabilitation .

Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Withers, R.T., Sherman, W.M ., Miller,J.M., & Cos till, O.L. (1981).

Specificity of th e anaerobic threshold in endurance trained cyclists and runners. European ]oumal of Applied Physiology, 47, 93-104.

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EXPLORING PERSONAL TRAINING AS AN ADDITIONAL SOURCE OF REVENUE IN 'IHE GYMNASTICS CLUB Jeni McNeal 2814 E. Arcadia Hts. Circle, Salt Lake Cihj, UT 84109, (801) 467-2134

he image of the private gymnastics club has been undergoing a dramatic change in the past five years. Where once concerned only with coaching youth gymnastics and gymnastics-oriented activities (trampoline, acrobatics, cheerleading), clubs are now finding that they must expand offerings to accommodate a more diverse consumer population. In response to the consumer' s desire for variety in their fitness facility, many clubs have constructed climbing walls, swimming pools, and weight rooms. Aerobics classes, daycare, and martial arts programs are further examples of ways in which clubs are adapting to this fitness trend. In gathering information for this article, I was surprised how few clubs offered programs of personal training, since personal training has recently enjoyed tremendous growth and success among the masses. My intention in writing this article is not to provide training guidelines or sample personal training programs, but rather to invite the reader to explore the possibilities a personal training program can offer to the innovative gym club owner/manager.

T

The primary source of advertising for the personal trainer is word-of-mouth, ac-

counting for as much as 80 percent of new client business.

A successful trainer's clients become as devoted to their trainer as they are to their hairdresser or auto mechanic, and enjoy telling others of the individualized attention they receive. This is the primary benefit of implementing a program of personal training into your club. In the beginning you may find that your clientele will consist primarily of parents and relatives of gy mnasts who already belong to your club. By advertising in other sports and fitness facilities, the fitness section of your local paper, and even retirement communities, you will reach customers who probably would have never had reason to otherwise step foot into your gym. So what difference do a few more customers mean to my gym, you ask? These customers probably have children, grandchildren, nieces, and nephews who may not currently be involved in gymnastics . If these clients are happy with the training they receive, they willlikel y tell their friends and neighbors about your facility and programs. Of course, these people may also have restless children at home, just waiting for an outlet for their energy, like gy mnastics!

Personal training in the club offers many advantages to the

client, as well . Often the client will wish to train during the club' s "off" hours-when the gym may be virtually empty.

Thus you provide a great alternative for fitness enthusiasts who are tired of the highly social, over-crowded, competitive atmospheres they are exposed to in many health clubs.

The opportunities for variety in training are endless in the gymnastics gym, as well.

1'm sure every coach has a repertoire of hundreds of conditioning exercises that even the non-gymnast can perform.

This variety in training is an important selling point for both competitive and recreational athletes who wish to cross train. In addition, you may find that many of your clients (athletes in particular) wish to increase their flexibility. Gymnastics clubs can offer the one-on-one training that best facilitates flexibility enhancement. Lastly, clients appreciate the luxury of setting their own hours that are not dependent upon when the facility is actually being used for gymnastics training.

My intent was not to provide program guidelines or instruction, but I would like to make one suggestion to those considering implementing personal training into their program. Although coaches

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

may have extensive knowledge in the training of gymnasts, the average gymnastics coach is not properly qualified for the needs of the community fitness or even athletes from other sports. Conditioning for an elite gymnast is nothing like the training a housewife would likely need or even desire. I suggest that you seek someone who is qualified to train the diverse populations you may have as clients.

Your best choice in locating qualified people will b e at your local college or university in the physical education department. Students will be excited to have a facility in which to work, and will probably be extremel y motivated to have the opportunity to use the skills they are learning in their classes.

If you do not have a college or university nearby, or if it does not have a physical education or sport/ exercise sci ence program, you may have to advertise through the newspaper. If this is the case, I strongly suggest that you look for certifications and relevant educational background in your potential employee. Certifications may be through the American Council on Exercise (ACE), National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA), or the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) to name a few. Currently it is not mandatory to be certified by any organization to become a personal trainer, however, the field of physical education is recognizing the need for proper training of these individ uals and is moving to make certification mandatory.

Beginning a personal training program in your club requires very little effort on your part. All you need to do is find a qualified personal trainer and provide him/her with the facility in which to work. You club receives a percentage 0 profits and free advertising as well. It is a win-win situation for all invol v ed-th e customer, the trainer and the g y mnastics club.

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Coaches Education

ASEP

PDP LEVEL ..

REQUIREMENTS

SUNDAY, JANUARY B

COACHING d PruNOPLES A-

Sun.: 8:30am-finished(5:30?)

California State Fullerton Course Dir.: Steve Reibacki (818) 967-8838

SATURDAY, MARCH 11

16

Sot: 8:30 a.m. -5:30 p.m.

Sumter YMCA, 50 Willow Dr., Sumter, SC 29150 Course Dir: Kim Domagalski (803) 452-6525

To more accurately reflect their current programs and future efforts, ACEP is now ASEP, American Sport Education Program. In addition, the Sport Science Course is now titled "Coaching Principles Course." USA Gymnastics feels this is a positive change which indicates more specifically the content areas covered in this comprehensive course curriculum.

AUGUST 16 • 19

Use the form below to pre-register for the course of your choice. To guarantee your registration, a completed form must be received by USA Gymnastics three weeks (21 days) prior to the published course dote.

GYMNASTICS

• USA Gymnastics Safety Certification • USA Gymnastics Professional Membership • PDP Levell Accreditation • Technique Guide to Coaching exam • PDP Level II Experience form

1995 USAG Congress New Orleons, LA Course Dir: TBA

• J.O. Compuslory Exam (M, W, R)

Successful completion of this course fulfills ONE requirement for PDP Level II Accreditation.

rr«iJA

• ASEP Coaching Principles Course

USA Gymnastics-ASEP Coaching Principles Course- Registration Form

Fill in the following form as completely and accurately as possible. please print or type.

Name

Birthdate__________ Age ___ (min . age is 18 years)

Address _____________________________

City

-------------------------------

Zip _ _ __

Phone #: Home (_) - _

State - __

Work (_) - _

- __

Social Security No. _ _ - ___ - _ _ USAG Professional No. _ _ _ _ _ __ Safety Certification Status: Are you currently Safety Certified? D Course Information:

Yes D

No

Expiration date:

_I _I _

Date:_________ Location : _____________________________________

Course Instructor(s) _____________________________________________ Course Information 1. The textbook for the Coaching Principles course is Successful Coaching. The textbook is included in the course fee. Preregistered participants will receive their materials at the course.

2. The course fee is $80. USAG Professional Members may register at the reduced rate of $70.

3. Successful comp.letion of this course fulfills the Sport Science requirement for PDP Level II Accreditation .

4. Send completed form with payment to: USA Gymnastics, Pan American Plaza, 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225 Payment:

,

D

Check (Payable to USA Gymnastics) Check No._ __

D

MasterCard or D VISA Card No._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Exp. Date: _I_I_ Card Holder Name:_________________________ Signature:_______________________ Tl95 January 1995

TECHNI Q UE

Preschool

he purpose of the ocal gymnastics club has changed dramatic all y over the past 10 years.

The gymnastics club has gone from offering primarily competitive gymnastics to a multi-faceted facility serving the community with a variety of special programs including preschool gymnastics, aerobics, cheerleading, trampoline, and much more.

tion experiences which prepare and motivate students for participation in more advanced gymnastic's ac tivities or other sports.

With this expansion, USA Gymnastics recognizes that there is a need to educate coaches that are in the local gymnastics clubs instructing these additional programs. Currently, USA Gymnastics' Professional Development Program (PDP) provides the beginner and team gymnastics coach with basic coaching education at the grassroots level, however, it is not designed for these other programs.

This accreditation program will be specifically designed to fulfill the needs of the preschool gymnastics instructor: To provide quality hands-on, preschool-specific coaching education. The development of this accreditation program is essential, due to the increasing number of preschool programs in the gymnastics community and therefore creating a need for qualified instructors.

T

When talking to gym owners, listening to the membership, and responding to societal concerns, it was clear that we should begin with educating preschool instructors.

Based on our findings, preschool classes throughout the gymnastics community are the livelihood of many clubs; providing a good foundation for skill development.

Preschool gymnastics can playa very important role in a child's development. Not only does the preschool-age child develop gymnastics skills in a preschool class, but also, body and spatial awareness, self-confidence, creativity, and much more. Additionally, it is a logical way to advance in gymnastics with proper skill progressions, and a direct link to youth and team programs. It also provides ideal movement educa-

Technique magazine, visits to various gymnastics clubs, and talking with preschool instructors. The preschool accredita-

Since preschool classes are a fundamental part of today's gymnastics club, USA Gymnastics decided to start by developing a preschool accreditation program for instructors.

The preschool accreditation program will provide an introduction to preschool-specific coaching principles and teaching methodologies, which w ill include developmentally appropriate activities. The goal of this workshop is to offer a quality program which will involve classroom-type instruction along with participant interaction, hands-on work, and discussion.

The topics covered will include: coaching philosophy, teaching methodology, coaching techniques, assessment and evaluation, spotting and safety, movement activities, and preparing lesson plans-all specific to the preschool-age child.

The format of this program will be highly influenced by the results of the Preschool Survey in

tion program will not be required, however it will be s trongl y encouraged. As a gymnastics professional, it is your responsibility to educate yourself and to provide proper instruction for the athletes that you are coaching.

WHAT'S HAPPENING WITH PRESCHOOL ACO{EI )lTATIoN? Jennifer Gallahue Lee

Educational Development Coordinator

A LOOK TO THE FUTURE ••• The development of this program has been budgeted for 1995 with a Preschool Ad Hoc Committee appointed. The Department of Educational Services and Safety plans for 1995 to be the year for focusing on the preschool program with a schedule to have the first official workshop in the first

- - - - - - - - - -....----------~ quarter of 1996.

Preschool gymnastics can playa very important role The program will be implemented in phases:

in a child's development. Not only does the

•

Phase I

preschool-age child develop gymnastics skills in a

•

Phase II

•

Phase III

preschool class, but also, body and spatial awareness, self-confidence, creativity, and much more.

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

Pilot Workshops (Summer 1 995) Implementation (January 1996) Evaluation (Spring 1 996)

Coaching

I U A18

hen it comes to det e rmining h ow your gymnast w ill look in two to three years, coaches who train their gynmasts with the basics will be successful in ensuring predictable careers.

coach breaks down the targeted skill (TS) into elementary subcomponents that will aid the athlete in developing the TS result. For example, a quick overview of the basi~ swing (,~S), necessary to do a lock arm on still rings requires the development of a swing that has these basic properties:

Although there are m any factors that can effec t yo ur athle tes ' longevity, beginning with skill development with logical and careful planning will help the transition from one level of skill difficulty to another. In analyzing the many factors that influence athletic success, coaches have many considerations-including the athlete's psychological, physiological, biological (anthro pometric construct), motor ability, and often more importantly, social and familial commitment. In coaching young gymnas ts we have limited influences regarding the social factors (which is often best), but are directly associated with the ability for the gymnasts to readily acquire skills.

1. Pressure

Development of

basics In the past, though we always talked about the "basics," there was no general consensus on just what those " basics" were. When I began coaching, I turned to biomechanical principles to determine the direction to take in teaching gynmastics elements. With this in mind, I d eveloped a learning construct that h elped me sort out variances in techniques and m y goals as a coach.

During the first stage of development (gross motor), the

on th e rings throughout the swing with the proper ring turning actions, during the various angles of the swing, in order to maintain pressure on the rings.

2. Shoulders pressed low through the bottom and both the front and back 45 degree angles of the swing.

BEGINNING AND STAYING WITH THE BASICS:

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3. Good development of a tapping action with the hips to help to initiate vertical turn of the body during ascension phase of the swing.

4. Proper understanding of how to momentarily shorten the radius of the body, through a horizontal pulling action, to increase the linear velocity of the swing and de-emphasize

In analyzing the many factors that influence athletic success, coaches have many considerations-including the athlete's psychological, physiological, biological (anthropometric construct), motor ability, and often more importantly, social and familial commitment.

January 1995

the strength requirement of the swing.

5. Understanding the n ecessary hollowing (body shaping) techniques n ecessary in order to put the larger muscle groups in position for utilization.

6. Proper understanding of how to put to use the natural swing of the rings and the advantages found when the body swings in opposition to the rings.

The ideal then, will be that in gYllli1astics one skill level will be dependent upon the success in its prerequisites. This is a difficult ideal to adhere to in practice, however, because of training time constraints, facilities, and American sport values as well. Devising a concep tua l TECHNIQUE

foundation provides a basis from which to begin and continue into the future-not just for particular gymnasts, but for the future of the sport itself.

With an ideal established, the basis from which we build will help us establish current standards and further develop future trends. Without this type of construct, it's likely we will not be able to stay competitive with the rest of the world.

This conceptual developmental model illustrates the inherent inter-relational dependence gym nastic s has upon skills of a " basic" nature .

These basic elements can in turn be broken into moments of time w h en the mechanics of the skill must be exec ute d properly in order for the entire skill to be executed prop-

Coaching

execution can be studied. In this analysis, many items of importance are touched upon.

These include the relationship the desired skills have with physics, the importance and training methodology that will best suit the athlete, and the likelihood that the target skill (TS) can be accomplished by a large number of athletes, thus widening the base of knowledge. With this analysis in place, we have now devised and established a plan that moves us ina direction of solidarity which provides the largest utility.

Devising a conceptual foundation provides a basis from which to begin and continue into the future-not just for particular gymnasts, but for the future of the sport itself With an ideal established, the basis from which we build will help us establish current standards and further develop future trends. Without this type of construct, it's likely we will not be able to stay competitive with the rest of the world. erly. Whether these points of time are learned from a coach and a conscious effort, or just an educated feel for the skill gained by experience, they are important in giving the athlete a reference he or she can use to guide themselves toward the intricate actions vital to higher levels of gymnastics.

How many times as coaches have we advised our athletes that he or she must have a certain body position at a certain point of time? How often have we instructed our athletes that the reason a skill has not been executed properly was because they were not in the correct position just prior to the completion of the skill? It is clear that we, as coaches, all recognize that there are essential elements of execution, and studying closely, we can also find that every skill follows a hierarchy of development. It is only upon what these essential elements are that coaches disagree. Still, the importance of hierarchical development leads from one skill level to another, and will yield further progression and logical advancement .

Motor skill acquisition Essentially, gymnastics can be described as a sequence of motor skills. Just as a baby develops a balance in both kinesthetic and spatial awareness over time in order to develop efficient walking patterns (Schmidt, 1991), so do our athletes in learning varying levels of complexities and skills. The development of efficient walking patterns must happen over

time, as do the elementary levels of gymnastics skills before proper execution can occur.

ping, sprinting, jumping, and so forth.

Gymnastics skills proceed in a progressive and developmental nature like walking.

Athletes first learn skills with gross motor patterns (movements without a lot of refine-

First our babies are helpless in our arms, then they move towards independence through crawling, wobbling, walking and by the time they are 7 years

Determination of TS aids the development of "basics," as it establishes a relationship between one level of skill to another, especially when they

Conceptual Developmental Model of a Target Skill (TS) Gross

Fine ---------------------- - -,

r------: Gross

TS

Fine I I I ... - __ - - ____ I

Gross

In developing a hierarchy of desirous techniques, coaches first need to determine the ultimate outcome. Once goals have been determined and targeted, the process of analyzing the variances in techniques and

Gymnastics skills proceed in a progressive and developmental nature like walking. Athletes first learn skills with gross motor patterns (movements without a lot of refinement) and move toward development offine motor pattern (maneuvers with

TECHNIQUE

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January 1995

Fine

! ,

..... _____ .. _____ ..... __ ..____ .. _____ .. ...__._.._____ ..a

ment) and move toward development of fine motor pattern (maneuvers with an increased degree of mastery).

an increased degree of mastery).

I

I ______ J

,........._____ ....._

old they have reached their developmental p lateau. This plateau occurs when their muscle actions have become more adult-like and their neurological system more rehearsed and tried (Thomas, 1992). Once this level has been reached, children do not become better walkers, they only add to their repertoire of walking-based skills such as turning, hopping, skip-

:

,

-, I,

are interdependent. Once interdependence has been established, it becomes easier for coaches to establish technical importance when teaching skills, thus assuring that the lower level skills advance to higher levels. Utilization of a logical and systematic approach in developing techniques for TS helps to advance the level of gymnastics and aids in determining future and current trends for the myriad of skills found in gymnastics.

For example, before training for the triple back, coaches should first biomechanically analyze the known techniques for executing the skill. This should be done on as many events as it is being performed, whether it is on trampoline, ski tumbling floor or similar surface, high bar, ring tower, or on

~

o

A. 19

Coaching

One Interpretation of Developing a TS-the Round-off Back Handspring Back Saito

~ I

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A

R-Off Back Handspring Back Saito

Series with tight and quick vertical stand

20

.

.- .... _ .... -_ ..- - -- ---I

Cartwheel with 114 turn

,-- -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - .., I R-Off with quick stand '

R-Off

----------~~--------~------------~~~~------~I

Back Limber

Vert. Jump with tuck reach

Jump to back limber

: V. jump wi tuck saito to feet: ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,

floor exercise. This allows determination of which techniques would be best suited for the athlete, event, and coach. Once this process has been performed the n ext step would be to apply the decided techniques to each of its determined preparatory skills (both the single and the double back).

By developing the desired techniques in this reverse order, we intervene into the learning process and initiate learning far before skill execution or training time. This assures a proper balance in both kinesthetic and spatial development.

Research has shown that early intervention in skill acquisition has a positive effect (McGraw, 1993) . Defining the essential motor patterns for a TS in this manner is important and h elps assure a desirous end result.

Practice: motor learning principles Shea and Wright (1991) found that learning motor skills (those in w hich we d eal wi th daily) can be mor e readily learned when practice is most simil ar to the type of s kills previously learned. This fact is important in determining the esse nti al techniques to

concentrate on in gymnas tics and the typ e of training modalities to incorporate.

Research also d emonstrates that there is a negative effect in learning when errors are minimal (Magill, 1989), w hich seems contradictory to conventional wisdom. Looking at Magill's study, there are two important principles that must be remembered. First, w hile completion of a skill is important, the power of failed attempts should never be underestimated. This teaches the gymnasts how to handle errors and gives them the necessary know ledge to more completely understand the skillthus ass uring safety by giving the gymn as ts enough experience to properly d eal w ith an xiety and fear. It's likely athletes w h o consis tentl y and proficiently execute skills ha ve, sometime beforehand, made errors that allowed them to understand, and thus overcome such anxiety. Conquering these obstacles aids in the gymnast's advancement in development of more advanced skills.

Secondly, it is important tha t skills are introduced by various m ethods, even though execu tion is already positive. By doing this, the athletes d evelop a knowledge base from which Januaq 1995

BHS

I

..--!

Bck Saito

It's likely that all athletes who consisten tly and proficiently execute skills have, sometime beforehand, made errors that allowed them to understand, and thus overcome such anxiety. they can draw on when learning other skills. It is important, however, that the gymnast be give n ample time in understanding the current teaching methodology before moving too quickly to the next method.

In teaching basics, coaches should be aware of some problems of learning w hen stimulation is not provided in a manner tha t remedies boredom and monotony. Rote learning of skills is helpful, but, if it is the only learning tool utilized, it will res ult in boredom and physical adaptation to improper bod y position, i.e. " ba d h abits. " The coach's task is to provide n ew p a ths to keep the athletes in a cons tant state of learning and relearning while s till allowing them time to reach a level of mastery.

When con sidering the m an y fac tors that effect teclmical execution, we must never underestimate the power of developing a technique with a logical as TECHNIQUE

well as futuristic plan. This is first accomplished with a vision of w h ere, biomechanically, the sport can proceed (esp ecially in regards to the changes in apparatus), and a logically progressive teaching methodology that considers variances in techniques, know n motor learning principles, and found ed biomechanical principles.

References McGraw,M.R.1993) . Later developmentofchildrenspecially trained during infancy: Johnny and Jimmy at school age. Child Development, 10:1, 1-19.

Sclm1idt, R.A. (1991). Motor Learning and Performance: From Principl es to Practice. Champaign, IL: Huma n Kinetics.

Shea, J.B., and Wright, D.L. (1991).

When forgetting benefits motor retention. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 62:3, 293-301.

Smith, T. (1982) . Gymnastics a mechanical understand ing. Holmes lind Meier Publishers, Inc. 66-68.

Thomas, K. (1992). Motor d evelopment: Childhood walking characte ris tics. EPE 345: FilII.

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Events

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22

"What a spectacular event," "I had no ~ idea it would be this fun," "I can't wait ~ until next year," and "I'm having a great , time," were comments frequently heard ,; , around Palm Springs High School during the 1994 USA Gymnaestrada in Palm Springs, California, October 28-30.

--

THE 1994 USA GYMNAESTRADA:

ANATIONAL GYMNASTICS SHOWCASE

_______________________

Top 10 REASONS .- TO TAKE PART IN USA NATIONAL # GYMNASTICS ~ SHOWCASE

'

#:

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strada more than doubled from last year with thirteen groups participating from all over the United States, representing California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, South Carolina, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. ~

With such a variety of grou ps represented, it provided a great way for the participants to get to meet other gynmastics enthusiasts.

Jennifer Gallahue Lee,

Educational Development Coordinator

" It was nice to see how this performance gynmastics event has grown since last year. It is an experience that w ords can' t begin to describe," explains Lil Laz no vsky of Ennis, Texas, group leader of Sokol K.H.B. "Everyone works towards one goal- to promote gynmastics at all levels."

~~~~~,~ .~~~~~, THE INTERNATIONAL GYMNAESTRADA PHILOSOPHY

The spirit of a Gymnastics Show case is a "come one, come all" attitude, which encourages groups of all ability levels and ages to participate. This year, the groups' sizes ranged from four to fourty-two participants, the age range spanned five to thirty-two years. " We w ere able to bring 42 kids. They were so

To promote the value and diversity of gynmastics to the community.

To increase participation in gynmastics regardless of age, gender or ability.

To provide an incen tive and m otivation for the recreational gynmast.

To create a venue where the gynmasts can display their talents.

To provide an opportunity for sharing knowledge, ideas, and new developments.

To assist in the general and technical education of coaches.

Jan uary 1995

TECHNIQUE

10. It brings more variety to your club, 9.

It unifies all ages and ability levels of participants,

8.

It enhances your total gymnastics education,

7.

It oHers a refreshingly new spirit to coaching,

6.

Gives you and your group a chance to travel and meet new people,

5.

There's no iudging-it's not a competition,

4.

You can exchange creative ideas with other instructors,

3.

Everyone is a winner,

2.

Gives you a chance to coach all ages and ability levels, and the

Events

Photography by Tracey Callahan Molnar

excited to work together," said Dean Capelotti, of Fallbrook, Calif., group leader of Fallbrook Gymnastics. "In our group we h ave kids from age five to 18 years. The older kids helped the younger ones, it really brings them together as a team-like one big family."

Sure, competition is a great experience and teaches many skills w hich are helpful in life, but what could be better than performing a fun group routine and sharing your en thusiasm for gymnastics with several hundred people from across the country?

Many group leaders find participating in Gymnastics Showcase performances a refreshing break from competition. Spending several hours a week coaching the art of gymnastics and being judged on your abilities in less than two minutes often requires a much needed break.

No t only is the goal to promote unity and diversity, it also provides a vehicle for ed ucation. "I think it' s a fantas tic way to support the sport of gymna s tic s," said Teresa Watson, of Hemet, California, group leader of Valley Gymnastics. "Performance gym-

nastics events enhance their all around gymnastics experience and provides an opportunity to expose them to a total education no t just in gymnastics, but a much broader area."

What you see at the National Gymnastics Showcase simply shows how much fun the participants are h aving. "It w as so beautiful," said Judy Volkov ich, of Palm Desert, California, grou p leader of The Tumblers, "The kids kept saying, 'It was the best weekend of my life,' and they want to do it next year."

Many group leaders find participating in the Gymnas tics Showcase performances a refreshing break from competition.

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• Motivates Parents and Students Dynamo Gymnastics - Steve Nunno • Keeps Records of when Skills are Passed • VaLuabLe for Measuring Teacher Efficiency Gymnastics Unlimited - Paul Mayer

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Upon emollment every student receives a Poster TO TAKE HOME. The whole family can monitor the students progress and share in the excitement as stars are awarded for skills learned.

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January 1995

TECHNIQUE

""E OFFER KNOVVLEDGE THAT'S A SAFE BET

YOU CAN BE A PART OF THE 10TH WORLD GYMNAESTRADA Berlin, Germany· July 7-16, 1995

Don't take chances with safety in your gym. Know how to protect your club and gymnasts. Apply the most up.to.date safety information from the latest release of the USA Gymnastics Safety Handbook.

This publication represents the ninth year of USA Gymnastics' commitment to provide the best and safest opportunity for individuals to participate in a wide variety of gymnastics activities.

This handbook is now provided to all Safety Certification course participants as part of the course fee.

To order use the USA Gymnastics Merchandise order form on page 2. #6001

19.95

PRICES

Gateway (e.g.)

Price/with communal lodging New York $1205* Chicago $1265* Houston $1305* Los Angeles $1405* * If you choose to stay in a budget class hotel, add $238.

Price includes: Round trip airfare; Communal lodging in school classrooms; Breakfast; Lunch; German health insurance; Ticket that can be used on all forms of public transportation in Berlin;Airport to lodging transfers; Tickets to all daily sessions; Opening and Closing Ceremonies; The Gala; Exhibits (educational materials, equipment, and supplies); and Visitor's Registration Credential.

SCHEDULE: (THIS PROGRAM IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE)

AVAILABLE FOR THE FIRST TIME! 1994 CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS BOOK

USA Gymnastics is sending an official delegation to the 10th World Gymnaestrada in Berlin, Germany. The World Gymnaestrada is a event conducted every four years by the FIG where nations come together to celebrate seven days of gymnastics performances and exhibitions. There are 10 groups participating from across the United Stotes, but USA Gymnastics is permitting interested individuals and coaches to travel os part of the official delegation as observers to experience the fun and excitement of the World Gymnaestrada and the ambiance of Berlin. NOTE: Coaches, because of the educational nature of this trip, it may be tax deductable!

Besides the opportunity to view the Gymnaestrada performances and sight-see in Berlin, there will be several special opportunities for coaches attending the 1995 World Gymnaestroda. The Instructor's Forum will consist ofa series of lecture/demonstrations about General Gymnastics activities with afocus on the needs of the coach. The Exhibition Hall will allow the coach to see the newest in equipment and instructional materials, and the Information Hall will offer booths by all of the participating countries with examples of their program materiols available for review and purchase.

1994 CONGRESS USA GYMNASTICS

If you couldn't make it to Congress this year or lost your book during all the fun ••• you can purchase the highly-prized Congress Proceedings Book for your very own! This book is filled with useful information provided

by Congress presenters. Subjects include: Sports Science, Alternative Interests, Preschool, Business, Education, Women, Men, and Rhythmic.

The Handbook is a perfect accompaniment to the Congress videos advertised on page 4 of this issue.

FRI SAT

July 7 July 8

SUN

July 9

MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

July 10 July 11 July 12 July 13 July 14 July 15 July 16

Depart U.S. for Berlin Arrive in Berlin, meet ISE and USAG representatives, and of course, explore Berlin Groups rehearse, visitors explore Berlin or take day trips, Opening Ceremony Rehearsal Day Alternate Performances & Rehearsals; National Evening performances Alternate Performances & Rehearsals; National Evening performances Alternate Performances & Rehearsals; National Evening performances Alternate Performances & Rehearsals; National Evening performances FIG Gala; Closing Ceremony, Farewell Party Depart Berlin for the U.S.

ACT NOW! SPACE IS LIMITED For more information contact:

International Sports Exchange* 59B2 Mia Court Plainfield, IN 46168 Tel: 317-839-9257 Fax: 317-839-0258 ' tnternational Sports Exchange is the recognized travel agent for the official USA Gymnastics delegat; to the 10th World Gymnaestrada.

Item #1402 $5.00 January 1995 TECHNIQUE

Administration

1995

USA GYMNASTICS BUDGET As USA Gymnastics draws closer to the 1996

Budget amounts are categorized by area of

Olympic Games, our level of activity will

responsibility, not necessarily by profit center. For

increase to plateaus never reached before. Below

example, income related to Events is split between the

is a Budget Summary for 1995 which lists

Events Department and the Marketing Department.

activity by Department.

Income EVENTS

$804,280

MERCHANDISING

1,023,915

USOC

853,000

SAFETY AND EDUCATION

759,210

Application of Budgeted Net Revenue Difference between 1994 and 1995 $397,606

MARKETING

5,405,828

PROGRAM

MEMBERSHIP

4,352,897

FIG

$50,870 $42,065

INTEREST

40,000

PRESIDENTS OFFICE & BOARD

FOUNDATION

36,000

ADMINISTRATIVE

GRANTS

20,000

SANCTIONS

45,000

MISC

20,000

TOTAL REVENUES

$719,289

Notes: l. Program variances between budgeted 1994 and 1995.

$13,360,130

Expenses EVENTS

$2,512,540 816,230

SAFETY AND EDUCATION

611,099

MARKETING

1,867,139

MEMBERSHIP

3,176,866

PROGRAM FIG PRESIDENTS OFFICE

2,816,146 210,870 194,065

ADMINISTRATIVE

1,155,175

Total Expenses Net Revenues

1994

1995

CHANGE

$1,234,667

$1,358,846

$124,179

MEN

$844,744

$975,231

$130,487

RSG

$339,129

$482,069

$142,940

$2,418,540

$2,816,146

$397,606

WOMEN

MERCHANDISING

$228,748

2. Administrative change includes salary adjustments for entire staff which will be reallocated to departments at a later date and costs related to computer technology upgrades, staffing, maintenance, and amortization.

$13,360,130 $0 January 1995 TECHNIQUE

Administration

USA I

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GYMNASTICS CODEOF ETHICS I. Introduction The mission of USA Gymnastics is to encourage participation and the pursuit of excellence in all aspects of gymnastics. USA Gymnastics grants the privilege of membership to individuals and organizations committed to that mission.

The privilege of membership may, therefore, be withdrawn

by USA Gymnastics at any time where USA Gymnastics determines that a member's conduct is inconsistent with the mission of the organization or the best interest of the sport and those who participate in it.

In order to assist all members to better serve the interests of those who participate in gymnastics, USA Gymnastics has adopted the Ethical Code which follows. This Code is not intended to establish a set of rules that will, by inclusion or exclusion, prescribe the appropriate behavior for USA Gymnastics' members in every aspect of their participation in the sport. Rather, the Code offers general principles to guide conduct, and the judicious appraisal of conduct, in situations that have ethical implications.

This Code cannot further ethical conduct in the sport of gymnastics; that can only come from the personal commitment of the participants in the sport to behave ethically. This Code is offered instead to guide and to affirm the will of all of USA Gymnastics' members to safeguard the best interests of the sport by acting ethically at all times.

II. Elements of the Code A.

B.

1. Restrict the ability of a member to qualify for or participate in competition because of the member's association with a particular organization or individual or because of that member's race, sex, creed, sexual orientation, age, national origin, or mental or physical disability.

2. Participate as a judge, coach, athlete, or administrator in any activity where that judge, coach, or athlete is inadequately prepared, unable to participate, or fails to participate to the best of his or her ability.

3. Engage in behavior which is so disorderly or inappropriate as to interfere with the orderly conduct of the activity or other members' participation in, or enjoyment of, the activity.

c.

Participant Relationships Members of USA Gymnastics are charged with the responsibility for contributing to an environment which makes participation in the sport a positive and rewarding experience. In order to achieve that result, each professional member has a special obligation to make decisions based on the best interest of the athlete. It is inconsistent with this obligation for any member to: 1. Fail to follow the safety guidelines established by USA Gymnastics, or otherwise knowingly subject a participant to unreasonable physical or emotional risk.

2. Engage in unsportsmanlike conduct including, in particular, attempting to injure, disable or intentionally interfere with the preparation of a competitor.

3. Engage in conduct toward another participant in the sport which is excessively or repeatedly abusive. USA Gymnastics recognizes that the process for training and motivating athletes will vary with each coach and each athlete, but it is nevertheless incumbent on everyone involved in the sport to support the development and use of motivational and training methods which avoid conduct which is, or is likely to be perceived as being, abusive.

January 1995

4. Discriminate in the provision of resources or opportunities to any member or prospective member on the basis of race, sex, creed, sexual orientation, age, national origin, or mental or physical disability.

5. Attempt to intimidate, embarrass, or improperly influence any individual responsible for judging or administering a competition.

6. Engage in unethical or illegal business practices directed toward another member, including but not limited to the dissemination of false or misleading information about a member, the misappropriation of valuable property such as mailing lists, the imposition of onerous non-competition provisions in employment agreements or the initiation by a professional member of direct solicitations encouraging athlete members to relocate from the club of the professional member's most recent prior employer.

Participation Any USA Gymnastics activity or event should be open to any member properly qualified under the rules of that activity or event, and every member participating in a USA Gymnastics activity or event has an obligation to participate to the best of their abilities. It is inconsistent with this obligation for any member to:

D.

Loyalty A member of USA Gymnastics has a duty of loyalty to the sport of gymnastics and the rules and regulations which govern it. It is inconsistent with this obligation for any member to: 1 . Knowingly misrepresent the policies or actions of USA Gymnastics or its authorized representatives.

2. Fail to resort in the first instance to the established procedures for challenging a competitive result, contesting a team selection decision, complaining about the conduct of another member, or attempting to reverse a policy adopted by USA Gymnastics.

3. Breach the duty to maintain appropriately established confidences of USA Gymnastics or its members.

Communication Members of USA Gymnastics have a duty to communicate honestly and openly with the organization and its members. It is inconsistent with this obligation for any member to: 1. Misrepresentcompetitive achievements, professional qualifications, education, experience, eligibility, criminal record, or affiliations.

2. Withhold from athlete members information or resources likely to enhance the athletes' enjoyment of the sport or reduce their risk of injury or illness.

TECHNIQUE

Administration

3. Fail to consult w ith or inform full y the athlete or the athlete's parents about opportunities made available to the a thlete involving competitions, commercial activities, or recognition.

H.

4. Misrepresent the nature or ex tent of an injury in order to d ecline an invitation to p articipate in or wi thdraw from a competition assignment, tra ining camp or other similar activity.

5. Misrepresent the nature or ex tent of an injury in order to participate in (or cause an athlete to participate in) a competition, training camp, or other similar ac tivity when s uch p ar ticipation is inconsis tent with the appropriate m edical response to the injury.

E.

Alcohol and Drug Abuse Members of USA Gymnastics mus t en sure that the sport is conducted in an en vironment fr ee of drug or alcohol abuse. It is inconsistent with this obligation fo r an y m ember to : 1. Use or provide to a third party any drug proscribed by applicable federal, s tate, or municipal law.

2. Assis t or condone any competing a thlete's use of a drug banned by the International Olympic Committee, International Gymnastics Fed era tion (FIG ), United States Olympic Committee, USA Gymnas tics, or National Collegiate Athletic Associa tion, or, in the case of a thle te members, to use such drugs or refuse to submit to properly conducted drug tests administered by one of those organizations.

3. Provide alcohol to, or condone the use of alcohol by, minors, abuse alcohol in the presence of ath lete members or at USA Gymnastics' activities or, in the case of athlete members, consume alcoholic beverages while a minor.

F.

Criminal Conduct Members of USA Gymnas tics are exp ec ted to comply with all applicable criminal codes. This obligation is v iolated by any m ember who has been con vic ted of or h as entered a plea of gu ilty or no contest to a criminal charge or indictment involving sexual misconduct, child abuse, or conduct that is a violation of a law sp ecifically d esigned to protect minors, and, d e pending on the nature of the crime, may be violated by any m ember who has been convicted of or h as entered a plea of gu ilty or no contest to any felony charge or indictment involving conduct other than that specifically d escribed a bove .

G.

Sexual Misconduct.

Professional Members of USA G ymnastics must protec t the integrity of the spo rt and the inter es ts of the a thl etes they serve b y avo iding sexua l relationships with athle tes except where the capacity and quality of the athlete's consent to enter that relationship is b eyo nd ques tion. It is inc onsis tent w ith this obligation for any m embe r to: 1. Solicit or engage in sexual r elations w ith any mino r.

2. Engage in any behavior tha t utili zes the influence of a profess iona l member 's position as coach, judge, or administrator to encourage sex ual relations with an athlete.

3. Engage in sexual harassment by making unwelcome advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature where such cond uct creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive environment.

January 1995

Professional and A thletic Develo pment Members of USA Gymnas tics should s tri ve to increase their level of proficiency and skill. To fulfill this obligation, professional members sh ould: 1. Participate in continuing education programs like the safety cer tification and professional d evelopment programs m ade available by USA Gymnastics .

2. Remain current on safety, h ealth and training d evelopments relevant to the sport and seek ad v ice and counsel of co ll eagu es and ex p erts whenever such consultation is in the bes t interes ts of the athlete .

1.

Conflict of Interest Members of USA Gymnastics are responsible for avoiding both actual and perceived conflicts of interest in the conduct of business on behalf of the organization. It is inconsistent with this obligation for any m ember to: 1. Use, or be p erceived as using, USA Gymnastics' properties, services, opportunities, authority, or influence to gain private benefit.

2. Fail, as an employee, director, officer, or committee member of USA Gymnastics, to complete an annual conflict of interest form, or fail to complete that form acc urately.

3. Incur expenses in furtherance of USA Gymnastics' business w hich are unreasonable, unnecessary, or unsubs tantiated .

4. Participa te in the deliberation or d ecision making process about any issu e for which the member h as a direct financial interes t.

III. Enforcement of Code Compliance with this Code depends primarily upon unders tanding and voluntary compliance, secondarily upon reinfOJ'cement by p eers, and , when n ecessary, upon enforcement through disciplinary action.

Any indi v idual who belie ves that a member of USA Gymnastics has failed to meet his or her obligations under this Cod e is, under all but the mos t egregious circumstances, encouraged to first address that concern direc tl y to that m ember. If that action does not result in a satisfactory resolution, the individual may fil e a written complaint with the President, program director, or other appro pria te staff m ember of USA Gymnastics. That complaint must be signed and must state specifically the nature of the all eged misconduct. Upon review of the complaint and, w h ere appropriate, additional discussions wi th the complainant and/ or member w ho is the subject of the complaint, the Presid ent may: 1. Determine that the complaint does not merit further ac tion .

2. Counsel the m ember w ho is the s ubj ec t of the com plaint and record both the comp laint and the n ature of the counseling in the member's perman ent record.

3. Refer the complaint, as a ppropria te, to the s tate or regional ch airs/ committees or affiliated organization.

4. Process the complaint under the m ember misconduct or grievance procedures of USA Gymnastics' By laws .

NOTE: Th is Code was approved by the USA Gymnastics Board of Directors at the Decembe r 1994 meeting in Indianapolis.

TECHNIQUE

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Sport Psychology

MENTAL SKILLS TRAINING: WHAT'S IT ALL ABOUT? I

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Joan Duda, Ph.D.

Professor, Depts. of HKLS and Psychological Sciences Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907

28 he field of sport psychology has grown tremendously in the past twenty years or so. Coaches as well as athletes have become increasingly sensitive to and appreciative of the role of psycho. logical factors in athletic performance. One important part of sport psychology is focused on optimizing these factors so that people's sport involvement will be all that it can be. In particular, this area of work revolves around the training and maintaining of mental skills in sport.

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we want our athletes to be able to: a) psych themselves up when necessary, b) reduce their competitive stress, c) keep their focus on task relevant cues during practice and competition, d) be adept at mental rehearsal, e) set proper, challenging goals, and f) maintain a dialogue with themselves while performing which is positive and instructional.

Maior Mental Skills Stress Management

Mental skills training is concerned with the development of psychological skills which help maximize performance, enhance the sport experience, and foster the personal development of the athlete . A major goal of mental skills training is to increase the probability of an optimal mental state being realized by athletes on a regular basis. A good illustration of this ideal performance state is conveyed in the words of Carol Johnson. Carol, who was once a national-level gymnast, eloquently describes what she experienced while competing:

.. . Suddenly everything worked. I did not wonder any longer what to do or how to do it everything was automatic. I just hooked on. Nothing could have disturbed me in that moment. I was completely involved with what was happening. I had no thoughts of doing it correctly, no thoughts offailure, no thoughts offatigue. I felt an inner security and confident that was tremendous. It was completely natural that I would succeed. I watched my accomplishment and enjoyed what I was doing at the same time, I was one with it.

It was a state which I would like to experience

Arousal Regulation Concentration Imagery Goal Setting Negative Thought Stopping Positive Self-talk

Features of a sound mental skills training program Like any other aspect of athletic preparation, we can set up a mental skills training program which is likely to be beneficial OR we can structure a program whose effectiveness will probably be in question. Drawing from the sport psychology literature as well as my consulting experiences, I would suggest that a sound mental skills training program has the following characteristics:

1.

Every gymnast has his/her strengths and weaknesses when it comes to the mental side of gymnastics. Gymnasts have particular mental skills that they work on presently. They have certain ways in which they tend to think and feel before a competition, during a particular part of a routine, and when the meet or practice is over.

These attributes and tendencies need to be carefully considered before a mental skills training program is set up for a gymnast.

2.

every time.

What skills are fundamental to an ideal performance state?

Although there is some variability in the emphasis and scope of mental skills training programs, most center around several essential psychological competencies (see below) . Specifically,

It entails an initial assessment of each athlete's overall psychological approach to gymnastics.

The program allows for individual differences between gymnasts.

Given this first point, it is obvious that a "canned" psychological skills package will not work for most gymnasts. This is not to say that there are no principles and dimensions of mental skills training which apply to all athletes. However, once the general mental skills are mastered and subsequently made sport-specific, then the package needs to be customized. In essence, we want to

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

Sport Psychology

develop a personalized pre-performance and during-performance psychological rou tine for each gymnast.

3.

A mental skills training program should take an educational perspective.

This means that working on optimizing an athlete's m ental state in sport is considered a natural and critical part of athletic training and development. Further, an educational perspective implies that there is a scientific basis to the program and that this foundation is explained to those involved with the program (such as the athlete and coach).

4.

Strengthening one's mental skills should be a part of the gymnast's year-round training regimen.

We are not referring to something a gymnast should work on right before an important competition or w hen things are going wrong. Coaches are continually working on improving an athlete's technique and increasing her strength, endurance, and flexibility.

Why would we expect the development of psychological skills to be any different?

s.

Mental skills training should be multidimensional.

All the various facets of an athlete's mental state are interrelated-e.g., individual goals, stress levels, attentional focus, capacity to image, and thought processes while performing. A sound mental skills training program emphasizes this interconnectedness.

As an athlete p ractices one skill he/ she enhances another skill. For example, a gymnasts may use one of his/ her psychological strengths, such as the ability to image, and employ this skill to help counter a present weakness (such as the gymnast's ability to manage pre-competition anxiety).

6.

As we progress through mental skills training, it is critical to know w hat parts of the program are working and which are not.

Mental skills training is dynamic and fle xible-once we set-up a program, it should not be "set in stone."

7.

increase the probability of an optimal mental state being realized by athletes on a regular basis.

The ultimate goal of mental skills training is to give the athlete awareness and control over her mental state.

The gymnast is the one who needs to be cognizant of where he/ she is psychologically and em otionally during practices and meets .

Further, the gymnast is the one who most needs to know where he/she should be and how to get there. The development of this level of self-realization and self-regulation will give the gymnas t a tremendous sense of confidence. It will let the gymnast get the most out of gymnastics ... and, it will take a lot of pressure and responsibility off of the coach. When athletes have strong mental skills, it is not necessary for the coach to be a " mind reader."

Instead , coaches can concentrate on teaching and training ... and controlling their own mental outlook!

8.

A major goal of mental skills training is to

Mental skills training requires periodic evaluation.

Good mental skills are not just for sport-but for life.

The skills that one learns through mental skills training should lead to the maximizing of each gymnast's performance potential and overall gymnastics experience. Beyond sport, however, these skills can be employed in other life d omains (e.g., school).

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TECHNIQUE

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Administrative

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THE MISSION OF USA GYMNASTICS IS TO ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION AND THE PURSUIT OF EXCELLENCE IN ALL ASPECTS OF GYMNASTICS. t the strategic planning meeting in December, 1994, the Board of Directors of USA Gymnastics adopted this statement as the mission of the organization. Th e mission statement was developed through a strategic planning process that spanned 10 months and involved the direct participation of representatives of the women's, men's and rhythmic gymnastics programs, the educational community, gymnastics clubs, athletes, staff, and a representative of the United States Olympic Committee. The goal of that process were to develop a plan for the future of USA Gymnastics that would:

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1. Foster consensus concerning, and promote the understanding, the goals, priori-

A PLAN FOR THE FUTURE OF USA GYMNASTICS ties, and strategies of USA Gymnastics.

mission and the realization of those goals.

key strategies and milestones that support those goals.

2. Guide the future activities of USA Gymnastics' volunteer and staff leadership to ensure an integrated and strategic approach to the conduct of gymnastics in the United States.

In its final form, the strategic plan includes, in addition to the mission statement, a list of visions of success, an analysis of internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats, and the goals for each of USA Gymnastics' major activities. Each of those goals is accompanied by specifically identified strategies to achieve the goal, milestones for m easuring success in meeting the goal and the tasks to be accomplished to meet the milestones. Beyond identifying in this issue of Technique the mission statement, we are presenting the "visions of success" which help to give definition to that mission. In the next issue of Technique we will highlight the strategic goals and a few of the

The "visions of success" which follow are not necessarily intended to reflect the realities of USA Gymnastics or the sport of gymnastics in the United States today, or even to identify goals which might someday be fully realized.

Rather, they identify the values and ideals that will be used to guide the conduct of USA Gymnastics, its members and other participants in gymnastics as all of us work together to encourage participation in

3. Facilitate a better understanding on the part of those organizations which support the mission of USA Gymnastics (e.g., United States Olympic Committee and sponsors) of USA Gymnas tics and the challenges and opportunities it faces.

4. Provide a basis upon which to regularly evaluate the mission and goals of USA Gymnastics and the progress made toward the fulfillment of that

Two aspects of the mission statement and the visions of success that support it merit special attention. The first is that the term "gymnastics" is to be read broadly.

Secondly, the "participants" to be served by USA Gymnastics in furtherance of its mission are not limited to competing gymnasts.

January 1995

TECHNIQUE

Administrative

the pursuit of excellence in all aspects of gymnastics.

Two aspects of the mission statement and the visions of success that support it merit special attention. The first is that the term" gymnastics" is to be read broadly. The term is n ot intended to refer only to the sport of gymnastics and the attendant training programs and competitions, but rather to also encompass general gymnastics and activities like sport aerobics, cheerleadin g, and tu mbling which are specifically designed to encourage the development of movement skills.

an opportunity to have asense of achievement and satisfaction available at each level.

• USAG will identify, encourage, and develop potential elite athletes.

• USAG will select the mast internatianally com petitive natianalleams and will strive to field the best artistic and rhythmiC gymnastics teams in the world.

• USAG will actively encourage its athletes to stay involved and support USAG Programs following their competitive career.

• USAG will provide professional development and other services to ensure there are ample numbers of trained, respected and professional coaches, in-

PARTICIPANTS Excellence in meeting the needs of competing gymnasts cannot be achieved unless USA Gymnastics also cultivates the participation of and promotes excellence among such varied groups as coaches, judges, parents, club owners, recreational gymnasts, directors, officers and staff.

Secondly, the " participants" to be served by USA Gymnastics in the furtherance of its mission are not limited to competing gymnasts. Excellence in meeting the needs of that group of athletes cannot be achieved unless USA Gymnastics also cultivates the participation of and promotes excellence among such varied groups as coaches, judges, parents, club owners, recreational gymn asts, directors, officers and staff.

USA Gymnastics' (USAG) v isions of success include the fo llowing:

• Gymnastics progromswill be accessible to all people, all of whom will be encouraged to participate.

• Each participant in gymnastics should have an experience that is safe, mentally ond physically heolthy, worthwhile, and fun.

• Participants in gymnastics programs will be encouraged to participate to their highest level of ability ond interest, and have

structors, judges, and administrations in gymnastics.

ensure the continuity of the sport in the United States.

participants in its programs and for the organization.

• USAG will provide coaches education programs for beginning to elite coaches to

• USAG will encourage and promote the development of afinancially stable gymnastics industry, including private clubs, non-profit and public programs, and suppliers of gymnastics products and services.

• USAG will ensure that the history of gymnastics in the United States is preserved and that there are appropriate honors and awards for those making exceptional contributions.

GYMNASTICS sport of gymnastics and the attendant training

• USAG will have membership options accessible to all gymnastics participants and groups.

programs and competitions, but rather to also

• USAG will have aclear Code of Conduct for its members and will enforce its application.

encompass general gymnastics and activities

• USAG will be an international leader in the sport of gymnastics and in the development of appropriate safety, education, and sport science programs.

The term is not intended to refer only to the

like sport aerobics, cheerleading, and tumbling which are specifically designed to encourage the development of movement skills.

• USAG will increase national and international exposure for gymnastics, for

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

• USAG will conduct its business in afiscally responsible manner.

• USAG will increase net revenue from areas such as television, corporate sponsors, licensing, merchandising, marketing programs, grants, events, and other sources.

• USAG's services and programs will be conducted ethically, fairly, and openly and with the highest degree of professionalism and integrity.

• USAG will encourage competence, diversity and responsiveness among its employees, contractors, and volunteers.

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USA Gymnastics

POSITION

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ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANTMARKETING Organization:

Salary:

$20,000 p er year plus benefits

Please submit a resume to: Rod Davis Vice President of Marketing & Communications USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300 Indianapolis, IN 46225 (317) 237-5050 phone

USA Gymnastics (USA G)

(317) 237-5069 fax

USA Gymnastics is the National Governing Body (NGB) for the sport of gymnastics in the United States, consistent with the Amateur Sports Act of 1978, the Constitution of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) and the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) .

USAG also has the responsibility and obligation to identify, select, train, support, promote, and manage the National Teams which represent the United States in international competition. This competitive responsibility and obligation must be done with the highest degree of ethics, professionalism, and commitment to guarantee success.

Location:

AVAILABLE

Deadline Date: Jan uary 31, 1995

PROGRAMS AND EVENTS ASSISTANT USA Gymnastics has opened the position of Programs and Events Assistant reporting directly to the Vice President of Programs and Events.

Indianapolis, Indiana

Reporting Relationship:

Reports to Vice President of Marketing & Comm unications

Experience:

Previous employment as administrative assistant or similar position is required.

Basic Function: The Administrative Assistant-Marketing will provide administrative support to the Vice President of Marketing and Communications, as well as secondary administrative assistance to others in the Marketing & Communications department on a project-byproject basis.

Please fax resume to: Gary Karl Alexander Vice President of Programs and Events USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300 Indianapois, IN 46225 Fax: (317) 237-5069

Job Description: The Programs and Events Assistant provides administrative and logistical support for the programs and events division, including but not limited to: Preparation of correspondence Maintenance of division files Creation of delegation information and gifts

Specific Duties:

Coordination of delegation travel

1. Provide administrative support for the Marketing & Communications Division, including: preparation of correspondence for the Vice-President; maintenance of Department files; response to requests for information; answering department phones; maintenance of updated list of sponsors and key contacts; and preparation of purchase orders.

Maintenance of events calendar

2. Obtaining and maintaining inventory of all televised event broadcast tapes as well as releasing allowable footage for use to other staff members and outside parties.

3. Obtaining and maintaining the television broadcast rating for all televised gymnastics events aired in the United States.

4. Coordinating all Division travel with the USAG travel agent.

Qualifications Ability to work effectively with Gymnastics Professionals, Volunteers, and Supervisors Stong written and verbal communication skills Ability to take dictation preferred but not required Computer knowledge essential-Familiarity with word processing and database programs Energetic, enthusiastic, flexible, and positive towards job challenges and co-workers

5. Maintaining and updating the broadcast schedule for USA Gymnastics events.

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

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USA Gymnastics

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POSITION

SANCTION COORDINATOR

AVAILABLE

Job Description

USA Gymnastics has opened the positon of Sanction Coordinator in the Programing and Events division.

The Sanction Coordinator will administer the sanctioning process for USA Gynm as tics Sanctioning Events, for all three disciplines and w ill provide administrative support to the Programs and Events division.

Qualifications

Please fax resume to: Gary Karl Alexander Vice President of Programs and Events USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300 Indianapois, IN 46225 Fax: (317) 237-5069

Ability to work effectively w ith Gynmastics Professionals, Volunteers, and Supervisors Strong written and verbal communication skills Computer knowledge essential. Familiarity with word processing and database programs Energetic, enthusiastic, flexible, and p ositive toward job challenges and co-workers

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\ PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS VIDEO

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A video with the healthy and happy athlete in mind . .. featuring Dr. Joan Duda, USA Gymnastics National Team Sport Psychology Consultant, and Mary Lou Retton, 1984 Olympic Gold Medalist.

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For athletes: This video sets the stage for better communication between you and your coaches/parents so that your sport experience can be maximized. Learn how athletes stay motivated and confident. . For parents and coaches: Learn how you can create an environment that fosters high self esteem and positive body image among young athletes.

First two parts of this video series are available for $4.95 each from USA Gymnastics Merchandise Department, P.O. Box 5562, Indianapolis, IN 46255-5562. Tel: 317-237-5060

NUTRITIONAL READINESS VIDEO A video with the healthy athlete in mind .. . featuring Dr. Dan Benardot, USA Gymnastics National Team Nutritionist, and Mary Lou Retton, 1984 Olympic Gold Medalist.

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For athletes: Your performance is affected by your diet. Learn how and what to eat to excel. Answers your questions about what to eat: most of the time, before exercise, during exercise and after exercise .

For parents and coaches: This video was designed to educate about proper nutrition and to explain the hazards of eating disorders.

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Rhythmic Minutes

RHYTHMIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE

III.

INTERNATIONAL SUMMIT

Campbell announced that an International Summit will be held January 29-30, 1995 w ith coaches an d judges invited fro m all three gynmastics disciplines. The purpose of the summit is to organize and strategize events lead ing u p to 1996.

IV.

1995 BUDGET

The 1995 rhythmic budget, wh ich was approved by the Board of Directors was briefl y disc ussed. There was an increase of approx imately $125,000 over the 1994 budget due primarily to the costs required to train the Na tional Team Group.

IV. December 4, 1994 Indianapolis, IN Continuation on conference call December 13, 1994

I.

ROLL CALL

V.

Present: Andrea Schmid Candace Feinberg Norma Zabka Wendy Hillia rd Nora Campbell (non-voting) Absent: Lan a Lashoff (from conference call)

II.

SELECTION PROCEDURES

The World University Games selection procedures were approved.

The Pan American Group selection procedu res were approved.

The preliminaIY draft of the Olympic Ga mes selection procedures was approved for submission to the United Sta tes Olympic Committee.

1995 INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION Events: March 19-Ma rch 22

April 22-April 24 April 27- April 30

RHYTHMIC CHALLENGE

At the 1995 Rhythmic Challenge the juniors and seniors w ill be judged using the sam e rules which w ill be as fo llows: Competition III requirements (4 A's, 4 B's, l C, and 1 D) Bonus given for ex tra C's and D' s as follows: 2 C's : 0.1 bonus : 0.2 bon us l C+ ID 2 D' s : 0.3 bonus Bonus w ill by given ON LY if the Competition III requirements (4A's, 4 B's, C +D) are met first.

There is no bonus fo r 2 extra B's The Pan Ame rican age rul e for p a rticipa ti on is 14 years old in the yea r of the games; the refore several USA "j uni ors" a re age eligible for the Pa n Am e rican Team; therefore, the judging cr iteri a must be applied the same to all.

A "USA junior" who chooses to be ranked in the Pan American Team selection w ill be required to compete five events-the scores from the senior events w ill be used for Pan American Games ranking; the junior event scores w ill be used for junior team re-ranking.

The RPC p olicy is tha t the Rhythmic Challenge is d esigned fo r Na ti on al Team Members only . Th e committee vo ted to make a n exce ption for the 1995 Ch allenge a nd in vi te the n ex t th ree junior age gy mnas ts in rank ord e r fr om th e 1994 Na tional Ch a mpionships beca u se, as a result of age changes, only 4 juniors remain on the Junio r Na tiona l Team lis t, and becau se the Challenge is a selection competition for the USA Junior Four Contin ents d elegation it is impor tant tha t the selecti on p rocess be as comp e titive as possible.

All-a round compe tition w ill be held bo th days, w ith seni ors compe ting 4 events and juniors fo ur or fi ve . Th e fin al all-around score w ill be d e termined by addin g the two d ays of all-a round together. Th e AA res ults from Day 1 w ill be w orth 60% of the fin a l score. The AA res ults from Day 2 w ill be w orth 40 % of the fin al score.

Rationale: At major interna tional events, the fi rst day of competition is TH E MOST IMPORTANT. Those athletes who are capable of performing well " right fr om the beginning" should be rewa rded . There are no second chances a t international competitions. Therefo re this policy is a compromise. Rather than only allowing the a thl etes to compete four routines, the competition results w ill be based on eight routines, but the first four receive more importan ce because of the weight.

May 5-7 May 13-15

PaI1 American Games # 1, #2, #3 Seniors from Challenge 6 Group athletes Portugal - Jr. competition (TBD) Four Continents # 1 and # 2 Senior from Challenge # 1, #2, #3 Junior from Challen ge 7 Group athletes Bulgaria #3 and #4 Senior from Challen ge Corbeil # 1 aI1d # 2 Senior from Challen ge

East/West Open Qualifying Events Seniors: Juniors :

Competition I rules Senior Competition I rules

National Championships Sen iors:

Juniors:

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

Competition II Competition III 1995 Challenge Rules Competition I (senior rules) Competition I (senior rules) Competition II (senior rules)

Olympic Festival Seniors: Juniors:

VI.

1995 Challenge Ru les Competition II (senior rules)

OLYMPIC TRAINING CENTER POLICY

Beguming January 1, 1995 the USOC Olym pic Training Centers will be instituting a new policy w ith regard to the criteria for OTC access. All participants must pay a $30 per day room aI1d board fee unless they are among the top 15 Senior aI1d Junior Rhythmic athletes aI1dj or the top 15 Group athletes.

VII.

RHYTHMIC TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

The new committee has been elected aI1d w ill meet for the first time at the Challenge. Com mittee mem bers are: M. Broderick, M. Dav idovich, H. Greathouse, D. Massad, E. Nyemcsik, J. Scherrer, A. Svirsky, N .

Zabka.

VIII.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Campbell announced that at the recent Board of Directors meeting, Candace Feinberg, was elected Vice President of Rhythmic Gymnastics replacing Norma Zabka who has served two consecutive terms.

Next Meeting: Rhythmic Challenge

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

Rhythmic Program

JUDGES' COMMENTS ON THE FIRST RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS JUNIOR OLYMPIC GROUP CHAMPIONSHIPS

in order to receive credi t for the small/ medium exchange w ith " A" body movement.

2.

a. Do not use only pivots w ith fr ee leg in passe position throughout the whole exercise. b. Do not use fi ve or six catleaps in the w hole exercise, even if you otherw ise have three di fferent large leaps. (Overuse of an element.)

3.

We were pleasantly surprised by the high level of com petence of m any participa ting grou p team s. The following are some points of practical advice for the future.

COMPOSITION

At the Junior OlympiC group session during the 1994 USA Gy mnastics Congress the new rules of US Junior Olympic grou p competition were clea rly explained. Now during the competition in Palm Springs, it was noticea ble w hich gro ups were or were not awa re of the new rules.

1.

ExCHANGES

a.

In order fo r an exchange to be

va lid, each gy mnast mus trelease one piece of appa ratus as well as receive ano ther piece of ap paratus w ithin a short time. Consequently, the following d oes not count as

an exchange: one gymnas t throws three hoops simultaneously to be received by the rem aining three gy mnas ts after one of them rolls a hoop on the floor to the first gymnast. H owever, it is a legitima te and interesting combina tion, good for variety in the composition. b. The two required large exchanges must be performed w ith any type of body movement (however small) in order to be counted . c. The two required small/ medium exchanges must be performed with " A" body movement in order to be counted . A large exchange w ith " A" body movement carmo t replace a s m a ll / m edium exc h a nge w ith " A" body movement. (It just counts as a large exchange tUlder "b" above.) The" A": body movement must be performed to the required limits

POSITION

VARIETY IN CONNECTIONS

a. In order to achieve varie ty in corlllections, it is necessary to make some of them more intrica te. b. Example: Displacement of gymnasts does not have to be always in unison. Different gymn as ts can do d ifferent movements to get to the next forma tion. (However, d o not overdo it; just show your group is able to do this, too.

Group unity is very importa nt, a nd w ork in unison shows the unity.)

October 28-30, 1994 Palm Springs, California Written on belwlfofthe judges (Maureen Broderick, Helena Grea tholl se, Ellen Nyell1csik, Ma ry Panackia) by Helena Greathouse

EXAMPLES Of VARIETY IN BODY ELEMENTS

4.

RELATION BETWEEN MOVEMENT AND

MuSIC This was one of the most important factors contributing to the final placement of the group tea m s in Palm Springs. Timing, rhythm, accent, phraSing, mood of the music, d yna mic contrasts, variations of intensity-all tha t mus t be expressed precisely throu gh the move ment of gymnas ts.

5.

NOTES ON JUDGING COMPOSITION

a. In order to receive credi t for " A" body element or for a required exchan ge, a t leas t 3/4 of the gy mnas ts must perform the" A" body elem ent or the required exchange a t the correct standa rds and exchange w ithout a drop of the appara tus.

AVAILABLE

The Chicago Park District is once again expanding its Gymnastics Program and is actively seeking GYMNASTICS COACHES for Centers throughout the City of Chicago. Generally, coaches will instruct boys and girls 路from beginner to elite level. The starting salary is $28,500 per year. The benefits include pension, major medical, hospitalization, dental, 12 paid holidays, 12 paid vacation days, and 4 paid personal days. The Chicago Park District is an equal opportunity and affirmative action employer. Persons interested should contact the Personnel Department at 312-747-0946 or call the Gymnastic Office, Ms. White at 312-747-2024,425 E. McFetridge Drive,3 West, Chicago, Illinois, 60605. Target Starting Date is Feb. of '95.

January 1995

TECHNIQUE

b. The 30 degree rule does not a ppl y in Juni or O ly mpi c group judging. No p artial credit for " A" body element or for a required exchange is given. Credit is either given or not given. (See "a" a bove.)

ExECUTION

1. Be aware of the new rules (since 1993) for loss of appa ratus and use of replacement apparatus. (FIG Code of Points, p. 16, cases 25 and 26) a. We do not want to see lar ge runs over the w hole floor a rea and out of the area to catch the los t ap paratus. It is much more elegant to let this los t appara tus roll outof the floor and replace it quickly w ith another piece of appara tus prepared nearby. To ma ke this option a ttrac tive, the fla t penalty fo r it is only 0.60 points altogether. (0.50 points for loss of appara tus - small or large-plus 0.10 points for apparatus leaving the fl oor a rea and use of replacement apparatus)

Compare this with the la rge penalties for the traditional way of handling the situation: running long distance after the los t appara tus (0.50 points) plus gymnas t leaving the floor area (0.10 points) plus appara tus leaving the fl oor area (0.10) plus consequences (may get large ded uctions for omitted requirem e nts a nd exc h a n ges, disruption of continuity of the exercise, disruption of relation between move ment, and music, e tc.). b. We do not wantto see the lost appara tu s (ex tra piece, replaced by another piece of apparatus) remaining inside the fl oor area. If that happens the new rules give 1.00 point fl a t penalty (0.50 points for loss of apparatus - small or largeplus 0.50 p oints for a pparatus not leaving the floor area and gymnast using the replacement appara tus). Therefore, if that happens, my advice is to get the extra piece off the floor area as fas t as possible (kick it out, tlu路ow it out) to avoid the additional penalty.

2. Keep in mind tha t it is important for the g roup to function as one entity, not as a collection of soloists. It should be show n tha t even the technicallevel of the group members is equal. Therefore, do not use those elements for the w hole group, w hich can be performed well ani y by some members of the group . If you do so, your group receives not only penalties for execution, but also fo r composition. (See a in No tes on Judging Compos ition above.)

1994 N ATIONAL TOPs REPORT Ga ry Warren

Women 's Program Special Projects Development Manager

FLIPOVER

u lsa, Oklahoma was the site of the 1994 TOPs (Talent Opp ortunity Program) Training Camp . Seventy-seven 9-11 year old a thle tes were in vited to a ttend the th ree d ay camp workin g wi th th e Na tional Staff, Regional Elite Committee Chairm en, and Regio n al TO P Direc tors on their gymnas tics fundamentals and training sys tem s for their future d evelop men t. In a ttendan ce there were 77 a thle tes, their coach es, a nd 50 other coaches rep resenting the 6-8 y ear old Na tion al TOPs Team members . Put this combina tion together of TO Ps ath le tes and coaches, Na tion al Coach in g Staff, USA Gym nastics Sports Scien ce Com mi ttee m embers, and the athlete' s parents, you get a weeken d of great informatio n , edu cation , a n d evaluation .

T s

You'll flip over USA Gymnasticsl This magazine covers important national and international events leading up to, and including, the 1996 Olympic Games. Get to know the gymnasts through interviews, profiles and competition results. USA Gymnastics gives comprehensive gymnastics coverage in six, full color issues for only $15.00. Foreign subscriptions $32.00. Don't miss what USA Gymnastics has to offer!

,--------------- - -1 Please enter m y subscription immediately. Enclosed is m y check or m on ey order for six issues of USA Gymnas tics.

Name Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

Goals of the Talent Opportunity Program are threefold:

City _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ State _ _ _ _ Check one:

Zip _ _ _ __ Phone _ _ _ _ __ D Gymnast /age_ D Coach

USA GYMNASTICS Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, __ _ _ _ IN _46225 _______

1T195 L..!..:! _ _ _ _

I

~

January 1995

I

Elite Committee-Julie Knight (714) 773-2778 TOP Director-David McCeary (916) 383路1778 REGION

II

Elite Committee-8rod loon (206) 845-0910 REGION

III

Elite Committee-Kristi Krafft (918) 664-1496 TOP Director-Scott Crouse (817) 738-0688 REGION

IV

Elite Committee-Mike Hunger (612) 421 -3046 TOP Director-Debbie Cusimano (314) 291 -5436 REGION

V

Elite Committee-Mary leeTracy (513) 860-3082 TOP Director-Mike Cosey (708) 393-6693 REGION

VI

Elite Committee-8yron Knox (203) 271 -0279 TOP Director-Joy Villegas (401) 884-2830 REGION

VII

Elite Committee-Gory Anderson (301) 468-9181 REGION

VIII

Elile Committee-Tim Rand (305) 972-4947 TOP Director-James linderholm (205) 883-0566

USA GYMNASTICS NATIONAL COORDINATOR

TOP

GoryWarren (317) 237-5050

w ill be communicated to bo th the a th le te a n d coach .

between the ages of 6-11 years old tha t are n ot currently seeking or training at an elite level.

3. To enhance the information flow and edu cational opportunities for the athletes, their parents and coaches to improve training .

2. To id entify deficien cies in fitn ess and skill fac tors th a t can be de termin ed by testin g and interaction wi th region al and na tional staff coaches . Th ese d eficiencies

This selection p rocess began in the su m m er of 1994. Regional TOP testing begins in June and continues throu gh the end of July. All of the Regional TOP testing m ust be com p leted by

1. To identify young a thletes

D Parent D Other_ _ __

Regional TOP Contads REGION

TECHNI Q UE

Women's Program

1995 TOP Calendar: Morch 1995 June 1 . July 31, 1995 October, 1995 December, 1995

Seven ty-seven

Revised edition ofTOPs Monuol ovoiloble for sole. Contoct USA Gymnostics Merchondise Deportment for informotion. (317) 237路5050 Regionol TOPs Testing ot vorious sites within eoch region. Contoct your Regionol Elite Choirmon or Regionol TOP director. (see list below) Notionol TOP Testing for 9-11 yeor aids. (site to be determined) Notionol TOP Troining Comp for 9-11 yeor aids (site to be determined)

athletes were selected from this testing to take part in the National TOP Training Camp. The

July 31,1995. Fourteen hundred athletes nationwide were evaluated regionally in the 1994 TOP season. To be eligible for TOPs testing, the athlete must be at least 6-years-old by the testing date and cannot be 12-years-old any time within the calendar year. She must also have a USA Gymnastics Athlete Membership number. Forms such as a pre-participation physical, a medical history, personal information and coaches information; must be sent to the Regional Elite Chairman or the ~egional TOPs director prior to .he Regional testing. Athletes ages 9-11 are selected to National Testing based upon a battery of physical ability tests. Six to 8-year-olds are selected to the National TOP Team based on regional testing alone. In 1994, 66 of these 6-8 year olds representing 51 different clubs were selected to the team. The coaches of these athletes are invited to the National TOP Training Camp.

From regional testing, 400 athletes 9-11 years old were invited to take part in the National TOP Testing. This year the testing was at the Lexington Hotel in Phoenix, Arizona. One hundred athletes per day were eval uated in the four day testing by the National Staff, Regional Elite Chairmen, and Regional TOP directors. The same battery of physical abilities tests were performed along with basic skill testing. The skills were pre-determined and a list of the skills can be found in the USA Gym,as tics' TOPs manual. Seventy"even athletes were selected from this testing to take part in the National TOP Training Camp. The 1994 National TOP Training Camp took place at the Tulsa World of Gymnastics in Tulsa. Oklahoma.

The TOP program has shown enormous growth in it's three year existance. 1992 saw 470 athletes evaluated nationwide; in 1993 the number was 1,048; and in 1994, the total number of athletes evaluated at the regional level were 1,388. In 1995, we'll see increased support from the

gymnastics community. The goals of information and education are being met based upon the increased quality of gymnastics fundamentals from year to year. Our hope is to filter this valuable information back down to the regional level through regional TOP Training Camps.

1994 National TOP Training Camp took place at the Tulsa World of Gymnastics in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

1994 National Averages from National TOP Testings: EVENT

9

ANTHROPOMETRY Standing Height (inches) Sitting Height (inches)

11

ST. DEY.

10 YR

ST. DEY.

51.57

1.85

52.58

3.25

54.77

2.29

27.03

.98

27.73

2.76

28.37

1.20

YR

YR

ST. DEY

Arm Length (inches)

22.57

.90

23.08

1.13

24.07

1.18

Leg Length (inches)

26.29

1.20

27.07

1.42

28.36

1.43

Biacromial Diameter (centimeters)

30.37

1.39

30.88

1.56

32.00

1.61

Biiliac Diameter (centimeters)

20.28

1.30

20.56

1.17

21.48

1.27

Thigh Skinfold (milimeter)

6.80

2.72

6.48

2.50

6.59

2.50

Tricep Skinfold (milimeter)

6.63

1.92

6.19

1.46

6.51

1.69

17.59

4.52

18.88

4.56

18.73

4.96

Right Split (inches)

9.33

3.01

9.33

3.15

8.39

3.07

Left Split (inches)

9.48

2.63

9.01

3.55

8.21

3.16

FLEXIBILITY Active Shoulder (inches)

STRENGTH AND POWER Leg Lifts (max reps)

12.18

7.14

10.20

6.60

8.95

6.23

Pull ups (max reps)

9.95

3.47

9.39

3.46

9.11

3.06

Push ups (max reps)

29.08

10.82

27.21

11.69

27.23

10.85

20 meter dash (seconds)

3.49

.18

3.44

.17

3.36

.15

140.28

22.44

151.06

24.38

166.05

30.30

6lb Medicine Ball Backward (inches) 154.71

27.16

165.48

28.75

188.87

34.18

3 Bounding Jumps (inches)

203.94

17.08

210.72

16.31

214.98

19.95

57.18

6.99

54.56

9.99

54.96

10.15

4.51

1.00

4.47

1.32

4.73

1.30

6lb Medicine Ball Forward (inches)

Hollow Hold Time (max 60 sec) SKILLS Vault Bars

4.43

1.89

4.16

2.03

3.77

1.97

Beam

4.64

1.71

4.67

1.86

4.58

1.72

Floor

5.01

1.06

5.09

1.16

5.00

1.06

Dance

4.92

1.02

5.15

1.06

5.22

1.06

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

USA GYMNASTICS

EDUCATIONAL

flU

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TECHNIQUE

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Women's Minutes

I.

Roll Call

Meeting was called to order by Chairman Tom Koll at 7:30 PM. Region I Darla Franz Region II Mike West Region III Cheryl Jarrett Region IV Bryon Hough Region VI Kathy Ostberg, proxy for B. Colarossi Region VII Kelli Hill (Fri./Sat.) Region VIII Elaine Wulf Chairman Tom Koll WJOP Coord. Connie Moloney Absent: Region V John Geddert NABC Kathy Feldmann NEPC Roe Kreutzer mc Rep Cheryl Hamilton WPD Kathy Kelly II. Apparel For J.O. Nationals National spo n sor Alpha Factor/ Reebok will continue to provide a pparel; however; in 1995, both A and B teams will be provided w ith a leotard, briefs, hair scrunchie, and warm-up uniform.

III. Regional Elections The chairman polled the committee as to their intentions of running for the 1)osition next year. He has major con~erns regarding the timing of the elections for the J.O. Committee. The election comes in the middle of the preparation period for the new Compulsory cycle. The Women's Administrative Board will be addressing this issue at their 1995 Spring meeting.

The RJOPC Chairman recommends that, in order to complete the compulsory development for 1997, the Women's Administrative Board extend the present term of the Regional Jr. Olympic Program Chairmen to be completed by June 30, 1997 and to subsequently change the year of the election for the RJOPC to the spring following the year of the Olympic Games and to also consider changing the election for Chairman to the year following the Regional election.

IV.

Minimum Score For J.O. Nationals Committee discussed whether to require a minimum score to go to J. O. Nationals.

Recommendation that, effective for the 1995 season, gymnasts placing 8th through 14th at Regionals must score a minimum of 34.00 AA in order to qualify to Level 10 Nationals. Exception: If there exists a tie within the" A" team involving a score of less than 34.00 AA, all gymnasts involved in the tie will qualify to Nationals. The 'ie will be broken to determine the , A" team member(s) and the additional tied gymnast(s) will compete on the "B" (All-Star) team.

Motion: B. Hough Second: D. Franz 5 in favor, 1 against, 1 Abstention PASSED

V.

Achievement Awards At LevelS ReCOli t'IuelLdaticlI •to gi ¢e States" I tiel.

SPOILSOI a Le vel 4 plOgl alii (,¢itlt schiel elliellt an/lids Oldy) the optiolL of awsldilLg by sel .ie, emelLt olLly, ad tie, eliiellt a:lid placeliiellt 01 place liielLt oltly at LevelS. Motion: E. Thompson Second: C. Jarrett 4 against, 2 in favor, 1 abstention DEFEATED VI.

J.O. Program Structure For 1997-2001 Recommendation to change Level 7 to required (compulsory) elements with optional choreography.

Motion: D. Franz Second: E. Thompson PASSED 6 for, 1 against, 1 abstention Recommendation that, beginning in the Fall of 1997, Level 7 become a required level.

Motion: K. Hill Second: B. Hough PASSED The Committee determined the structure of the J.O. Program for the 19972001 cycle.

levels 1-4 level 5 level 6 level 7 level 8: level 9: level 10:

Developmental (with level 4 competition allowed, but not required) Beginner Compulsory Intermediate Compulsory Advanced Compulsory Elements/ Optional Choreography Beginner Optional Intermediate Optional Advanced Optional

VII.

Mounting Surface For Bars And Beam For Present Levels 1·7 Recommendation that a board, or some type of raised surface (i.e. folded panel mat) may be used as a mounting surface for Levels 1-7 Bars and Beam.

Effective immediately.

Motion: K. Hill Second: M. West PASSED VIII. Vaulting Boards Recommendation to allow the use of a manufactured" junior" va ulting board at Levels 1 - 5.

Effective at the beginning of the next compulsory season.

Motion: C. Jarrett Second: D. Franz PASSED Clarification of the 2.0 deduction for Level 4 Handspring Vault From the July 1993 Technique, J.O.P.c. minutes of May, 1993: A flat2 .0deduction will be applied if the gymnast is assisted (spotted) at any point from the time the gymnast leaves the board to the time the hands leave the horse. If spotted in the afterflight phase, then the 0.50 deduction would be applied.

WOMEN'S

OLYMPIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE MINUTES December 2-4, 1994 Tulsa, OK

Recommendation that this deduction be in effect also for Level 5, effective atthe beginning of the next compulsory season.

Motion: K. Hill Second: E. Thompson PASSED

X.

Clarification on Mobility: top of lIalie 17 in Rules and Polities: Once an athlete competes in a State Championships, she is not allowed to drop back; however, valid reasons would be considered by the State Chairman (Levels 8 & below) or Regional Teclmical Chairman (Levels 9 & 10) for dropping back an athlete who has competed inState meet. These reasons would include injury, illness, or other valid reason which would have prevented the athlete to continue training a t the level at which they previously competed. If a valid reason does exist, the athlete wou ld be able to drop back only one NUMERICAL level (i.e. competed Level 8, permission to drop back ONE numerical level to Level 7).

XI.

Region 8 conveyed a desire to keel' the present compulsories for the next cycle.

After discussion, the committee decided that change is beneficial; however, the goal is to assure that the difficulty level is not increased.

XII.

IX.

January 1995

JR.

Committee reviewed the rulinll on Levels 8 and 9 restrictions and continues to support the decisions from the Spring 1994 meeting. At the May 1995 meeting, the committee wi ll review the 1995 Level 8-9 season.

XIII.

1997·2001 Compulsory Development The committee completed the text for Levels 1-4 Beanl and Floor, as well as a rough draft of the Vault and Bars text

TECHNIQUE

and drills for all events. A timeline was established: filnl the Levell-4 sequences in the summer of 1995 in order to begin work on the video editing, scripting and book layout; then film Levels 5-7 in the summer of1996. Master Workshops will be scheduled for late Spring, 1997.

Elements for Levels5-7 were proposed and the choreographers (M. Grossfeld and T. Biggs) w ill begin work on the beam and floor exercises. The committee will be finalizing these elements and reviewing the Beam and Floor exercises at the May 1995 meeting. Th e finalized elements will be published after the May meeting.

C. Maloney and the USA Gymnastics Women's Program would like to thank the Committee members for the tremendous accomplishments made at this meeting. They are all to be commended for the work they did in compiling information from the surveys from their states and for dedicating their time and expertise in order that our future Jr. Olympic Program be of the highest quality ever.

XIV.

Corrections To The 1994· 95 Women's Rules and

Policies

Page 27: I. G. (maximum of 72 judgements per session) II. H. (maximum of 72 judgements per session) Page 28 III. (maximum of 72 judgements per session) Top of Page 71 add f. level 4/5 gymnosts in the Jr./Sr. division (12 yrs.&over) may lower the beam to 110 or 115 em.

Apparatus section, pages 67-73: Correct all references to Mats"maximum allowable landing surface" to 24 ±3 em.

Meeting adjourned at3:00 PM Sunday.

Nex t meeting is scheduled for May 21-22, 1995 in conjunction with the Sr. Na tionals in Lincoln, Nebraska.

I

"

i~ 41

Selection Procedures

RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

PAN I

"

A. 42

1995

AMERICAN

GAMES SELECTION PROCEDURES FOR GROUP GYMNASTS

I.

Qualification to USA Gymnastics Group training camp: A. Application for training team-all athletes registered as a Level 8, 9, and 10 athlete are invited to submit an application to attend 1994 summer training camp.

1. All athletes must be USA citizens and registered athlete members with USA Gymnastics.

2. All athletes must be a minimum of 15 years old in 1995.

3. All athletes must submit a written application and skill video.

4. All athletes must be recommended by their personal coach.

5. All athletes must have parenti guardian permission to participate if

II.

they are under 18 years of age.

6. All world championship athletes will automatically qualify.

B. The 1994 World Championship coach reviews all applications and travels to the two National Championship Qualifying events to observe individual performances.

C. The World Championship coach in consultation with Karyn Lyon Glover (USA Gymnastics athlete board member) and the Rhythmic Program Director selects eight (8) athletes to train as the 1994 World Championships team and an additional eight (8) athletes to train at a 3 week group summer training camp.

Qualification for Pan American Games Training Camp (November 17-27, 1994)

A. The Pan American coach in consultation with the 1994 World Championship coaches and the Rhythmic Program Director will select 15 girls from the summer training camp to attend the Pan American Garnes training camp.

B. The 1994 World Championship group members will automatically qualify.

III. Pan American Garnes Training Camp (November 17-27,1994) A. During the camp all athletes will learn the skills and choreography of the Pan American Garnes USA group routine.

B. Based upon rhythmic skill and synchronization ability seven (7) athletes will be selected by the Pan American Garnes Head Coach and the two assistant coaches to attend the final training camp.

IV. Pan American Garnes Training Camp (December 28-January 8) During the camp all athletes will practice the Pan American Garnes routine and receive ballet instruction by ballet master.

V. Pan American Garnes Team Training Uanuary 22).

The Pan American Training Team will move to Downers Grove, Illinois for Pan American Garnes preparation.

VI. Rhythmic Challenge Garnes A. The Pan American Training Team will participate in train-

ing at the Rhythmic Challenge (Feb 11 & 12, 1995) B. On February 12, the Pan American team (6 athletes) and 1 non-traveling alternate will be named by the head coach.

VII. The Pan American Team and non-traveling alternate will train in Downers Grove, IL (Feb 13 March 13, 1995) VIII. If an athlete who has been named to the Pan American Team is injured or ill prior to the Pan American Garnes and this injury requires the athlete to withdraw from the team, the replacement will be the nontraveling alternate.

IX . If an athlete who has been named to the Pan American Team fails to follow established training procedures and rules, or in any other manner behaves inappropriately according to the rules of USA GymnastiCS, the Head Coach and/ or the Team house mother, that athlete will be replaced by the non-traveling alternates.

X. These procedures have been approved by the Rhythmic Pro路 gram Committee which includes athlete representation. The committee members are: Candace Feinberg, Norma Zabka, Andrea Schmid, Lana Lashoff, Wendy Hilliard. * subject to approval by USOc.

RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS 1995 WORLD UNIVERSITY GAMES SELECTION PROCEDURES I.

Eligibility: To be considered for the World University Team the athletes must be actively pursuing a degree from a college/ university or be a 1995 high school graduate with documentation that she has been accepted and enrolled in a college/ university for the Fall of 1995.

II. Selection: The 1995 World University Rhythmic Gymnastics Team will be selected at the 1995 USA Gymnastics Rhytlunic National Championships to be held June 9-11, site TBD. A. Athletes who meet the eligibility requirements may qualify to the National Championships through one of two May qualifying competitions with an all-around score of 32.00.

B. Athletes who meet the eligibility requirements but do not obtain the qualifying score (32.00) may petition into the Championships as a candidate for the World University Games Team.

1. Petitions may be obtained from the USA Gymnastics office and will be reviewed by the Rhythmic Program Committee.

2. Petitions must include the athlete's all-around score from a minimum of two 1995 competitions.

3. Petition deadline is May 24,1995.

4. If accepted into the Championships via petition, the athlete will be participating as a World University

Team candidate and will not be eligible for National Team status.

C. World Universtiy Team athletes will be selected by rank order from the preliminary allaround competition at theNational Championships.

D. In order to be selected as a World University Team Member an athlete must obtain a minimum of 34.00 in the preliminary all-around.

E. Alternates will be named by

rank order if a named team member must be replaced because of illness or injury which is certified by USA Gymnastics and a United States Olympic Committee approved physiCian.

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

III. Publication: The World Universi ty Garnes selection proced ures will be published in the January/February issue of USA Gymnastics, the federation's publication that is sent to all registered athletes.

IV. Training: There will not beamandatory training session prior to the games.

V. The above selection procedure was developed by the USA Rhythmic Program Committee which has an elected athlete representative as a fully participating member.

RHYTHMIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE MEMBERS:

Andrea Schmid, Narma Zabka, Candace Feinberg, Lana Lashoff, Wendy Hilliard, Nora Campbell(nonvoting) * subject to approval by USOc.

Selection Procedures

\'\OMEN'S WORLD UNIVERSITY GAMES SELECTION PROCEDURES World University Games Team Trials will be held at U.s. Classics, in Denver, Colorado, August 1213, 1995. A separate session for the Trials competition will be held.

II Qualification to Trials with a maximum of 20 gymnasts A. Top Ten AA gymnasts fr om the NCAA Cha mpionship s April 1995 at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia must declare their intent to compete in Trials immediately aft er the co mp etiti on. Declined spots will be filled in Ran k Order fro m 11th AA if the gymnas t' s AA score is 38.00 or above.

B. Additional spots to be fi lled by peti tions. Petitioning athletes must be properly admitted and registered for the 1995 fall semester with a full time course of study at a University recognized by the competent academic authority of the USA. Petitions can be submitted by any gymnas t born between

January 1, 1967 and December 31, 1977 who is: a: A senior in high school and who has been accepted and enrolled in a university college in the fa ll of 1995. b: A co ll egia te gy mn as t whose team competed at the NCAA Nationals and who did not qualify to compete as an individual. c: 1994 USA National Team Member who was injured or ill at the time of NCAA Nationals or who did not compete in the all-around at the meet. d. Petitions must include two (2) All-Around scores from the current com pe titive season.

NOTE:All petitions are to be a one round all-around optional competition with a total of the fo ur events.

C. All qualified athletes must sign and agree to the Athletes' Code of Conduct and return with

their entry / acceptance fo rm in order to complete their entry requirements.

D. Trials Competition will be a one round all-around op tional competition with a total of the four apparatus events. 1995 FIG Code of Points Competition II Rules on Uneven Bars, Balance Beam, and Floor Exercise and Vault will use the 1995 Elite Competition Rules.

III. World University Games Team A. The top fi ve (5) in rank order from the Trials will comprise the team.

B. The number six (6) gymnast w ill be the traveling alternate may replace a team member in the case of injury, illness (which is verified by a neutral doctor).

C. The number sixth (6) gymnast may replace a team member in the case of violations of the Athletes Code of Conduct with the approval of the Ethics Committee or if time constraint is an issue with the approval of the President of USA Gymnastics.

D. Ties will be broken by the highest individual event score.

E. Replacements to the team due to injury of one of the team members will be made in allaround rank order from the Trials. Need for replacements must be documented by a doctor and athletic trainer.

F. No injury petition onto the team will be accepted.

G. The six (6) members of the team will be required to attend a

I.

training camp one week to 10 days prior to processing by the Olympic Committee.

H. The four( 4) competing athletes and the lineup for each event will be determined at the conclusion of training camp by a vote of the head coach, assistant coach, and team leader. In addition the two (2) judges and the athlete representative will receive a vote if they were in attendance at the Trials and Training Camp using the following criteria: 1. Demonstrated ability to perform entire routines 2. Freedom from any small disabling injuries 3. Preformance consistency d e m on s tr a ted durin g training 4. No visible deterioration as de mons tra ted in Trials competition 5. Attitude and team supportspirit Coach Selection The Head Coach and the Assistant Coach will be determined by the Selection Committee and the President of USA Gymnastics after the team has been determined based upon the fo llowing criteria: • Proven team leadership ability • International experience • Rank order of the athletes • Number of athletes NOTE: These SelectionProced ures are subject to approval by the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) and USAG Executive Committee.

RHYTHMIC PROMOTIONAL VIDEO IS NOW COMPLETE! ~

..... ~ ~

~

~ -<

~ tI)

~

This new item is designed to introduce rhythmic gymnastics to the general public. The four-minute video illustrates for parents and club owners alike both the fun side of rhythmic gymnastics and the competitive possibilities. Images range from preschool movement classes to international elite competitions.

Adding rhythmic gymnastics to your curriculum? Remember that parents and coaches alike are generally unfamiliar with the sport. The promotional video can be used to educate your clientel and to promote the development of new rhythmic classes. Turn on in your lobby and let the pictures do the talking!

==;;

The video is set to music and includes voice.-over narration. Call USA Gymnastics Merchandise at 317-237-5060 to order your copy. (Item # 1341 ) --'-,,-"_'."'-'-'--

January 1995

TECHNIQUE

USA GYMNASTICS

., I

A..

43

Women's Program

FIGjUSAG ELITE VAULT TABLE I

f', A 44

(REVISED October 1994)

GROUP I

GROUP II

GROUP III

GROUP IV

Handsprings, Yamashitas, and Cartwheels

Cuervos and Saltos Forward

Tsukaharas

Round-off Entry. (Levell 0 only)

A

A

A 1.101 1.102 1.103 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.1 07

Handspring Forw.

Yamashita Cartwheel-I/. turn

8.5 8.6 8.6

Handspring- l /2 turn Yamashita w/ 1/1 turn 1/, on-I/, off

8.6 8.7 8.8

Cartwheel-'/. turn

8.8

NONE

Cortwheel-1 1/. turn Handspring-I/I turn Yamashita w/ 1/1 turn 1/, on-I/I off

1.301 1.302

1/, on-1 1/2 off 1/1 on-I/I off (H/Yl

1.401

1 1/, on-I/, off

1.402 1.403

Handspring-'/I turn 1/, on-'/I turn

Hondspring-1 1/2 turn 1/1 on-Handspring

NONE

B

B 1.201 1.202 1.203 1.204 1.205 1.206

C

3.201 3.202 3.203

Tsukahara Tucked Tsukahara Tuck 1/,

9.7

3.301 3.302 3.303 3.304

Tsuk Piked w/ 1/, Tsukaharo layout Tsuk layout w/ 1/2 Tsuk Tucked 1/1

9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9

3.401 3.402

Tsuk layout 1/1 Tsuk Tucked 11/2

Tsukohora Piked

9.4 9.5 9.5

4.201 4.202 4.203

RO, FF-Tuck Back RO, FF-Tuck Back w/ l /2 RO, FF- Pike Back

9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7

4.301 4.302 4.303 4.304 4.305 4.306

RO, FF-Pike w/ I/, RO, FF-Back layout RO, FF-layout w/ 1/, RO, FF-Tuck 1/1 RO, FF 1/1- 1/1 twist off RO, FF-I/2 off, Front Tuck

9.8 9.9

4.401 4.402 4.403 4.404 4.405 4.406 4.407

RO, FF I/I-Back Tuck

C

C 9.6 9.7

2.301

Hndspg-Front Tuck

9.8 9.9 9.9

2.401 2.402 2.403 2.404 2.405 2.406

Hndspg-Front Tuck 1/2 Cuervo Tucked Hndspg-Front Pike Hndspg-Front Pike 1/2 Cuervo Piked 1/2 on-I/, off, Front Tuck

E

E

E 1 1/, on-I/I turn

10.0

2.501 2.502 2.503 2.504 2.505 2.506

1/1 on-Front Tuck off Hndspg-2 1/2 Front Tuck Cuervo Tucked w/ Turn Hndspg-Front layout 1/2 Hndspg-Front Tuck 1/1 Hndspg-Front layout

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

3.501 3.502 3.503 3.504

RO, FF-I/2 off, Front Pike RO, FF-Back layout 1/1 RO, FF 1/2 -Front Tuck RO, FF-Back Tuck w/ 11/, twist RO, FF l/l-Back Pike RO, FF 1/2 -Front Tuck 1/, RO, FF 1/2 _ 1/, off, Back Tuck RO, FF 1/, -Front Pike

9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

E

Tsuk layout 11/2

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

1 1/2 on-Bk. Salta T/ P/ l Tsuk 2 1/, Salta Tucked Tsuk 2 1/2 Salta Piked

All Tsukaharas are to be performed with 90 to 180 LA turn in first flight phase.

January 1995 TECHNIQUE

9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7

D

4.408 4.409

1.501

9.4 9.5 9.5

C

D

D

D

B

B

NONE

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5

A NONE

0

0

4.501 4.502 4.503 4.504 4.505 4.506 4.507

RO, FF-loyout 11/2 twist ~O, FF-Tucked '/1 twist RO, FF-layout '/1 twist RO, FF 1/2-Back layout RO, FF-I/, off, Front layout RO,FF 1/2- Front layout RO,FF 1/'1-1/2 off, Back Pike

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

Women's Program

USAG JUNIOR OLYMPIC Vi~ULT TABLE

• Indicates a different value from FIG Code of Points "5" before a number indicates J.D. Element Supplement

(REVISED October 1994)

GROUP I

GROUP II

GROUP III

GROUP IV

Handsprings, Yamashitas, and Cartwheels

Cuervos and Sallos Forward

Tsukaharas

Round-off Entry. (Levell 0 only)

A 1.101

Handspring Forw.

1.102 1.103 1.104 1.105

Yamashita Cartwheel-1/4 turn Handspring-l/1 turn Yamashita w/ 1/1 turn 1/1 on-1/1 off Cartwheel-3/4 turn

1.106 1.107

A B.5 B.6

1.202 1.203 1.204 1.205 1.206 51.210 1.301 1.302

1/2 on-l1/2 off 1/1on-1/ l off (H/Y)

45

B.B B.B

B

2.301

Hndspg-Front Tuck

~

11/, on-1/l turn Hondspring-2 1/, off

3.301 3.302 3.303 3.304

2.401 2.402 2.403 2.404 2.405 2.406

Hndspg-Front Tuck 1/1

4.201 4.202 4.203 54.210

Cuervo Tucked Hndspg-Front Pike Hndspg-Front Pike 1/1 Cuervo Piked 1/1 on-1/1 off, FronfTuck

3.401 3.402

2.501 2.502 2.503 2.504 2.505 2.506 52.510

LevelB & PREP OPTIONAL ONLY: 5-0.1 Squat Vault 5·0.2 Stoop Vault 5·0.3 Straddle Vault 5·0.4 1/ 2 on-Repulsion off

1/ 1on-Front Tuck off Hndspg-2 1/1 Front Tuck Cuervo Tucked w/ Turn Hndspg-Front Layout 1/1 Hndspg-Front Tuck 1/1 Hndspg-Front Layout 1/, on-1/1 off, Ff. Layout 7.0 7.5 7.5 B.O

9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7

4.301 4.302 4.303 4.304 4.305 4.306

3.501 3.502 3.503 3.504

9.4 9.5 9.5 9.2 9.4

RO, FF-Tuck Bock w/ 1/1 RO, FF-Pike Bock RO,FF 1/(-1/1 twist off RO,FF 1/1-1 1/1 twist off

RO, FF-Pike w/ 1/1 RO, FF-Back Layout RO, FF-Layout w/ 1/1 RO, FF-T uck 1/1 RO, FF 1/1_ 1/1 twist off

9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7

RO, FF-l/1 off, Front Tuck

D

Tsuk Layout 1/1 Tsuk Tucked 11/,

9.B 9.9

4.401 4.402 4.403 4.404 4.405 4.406 4.407 4.40B 4.409 54.415

RO, FF l/l-Back Tuck RO, FF-l/1 off, Front Pike RO, FF-Bock Layout 1/1 RO, FF 1/1 -Front Tuck RO, FF-Bock Tuck w/ 11/1 twist • RO, FF l/l-Bock Pike RO, FF 1/1 -Front Tuck 1/1 RO, FF 1/1 _ 1/1 off, Bock Tuck RO, FF 1/1 -Front Pike RO,FF 1/1-'/1twist off

4.501 4.502 4.503 4.504 4.505 4.506 4.507

RO, FF-Loyout 1 1/1 twist

E 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

RO, FF-Tuck Bock

C

Tsuk Piked w/ 1/1 Tsukahara Layout Tsuk Layout w/ 1/, Tsuk Tucked 1/1

D 9.B 9.B 9.B 9.9 9.9 9.9

E 10.0 10.0

9.4 9.5 9.5

C 9.7

D 9.B 9.9 9.9 9.B

Tsukahara Tucked Tsukahara Tuck 1/1 Tsukahara Piked

54.211

E 1.501 51.510

3.201 3.202 3.203

C 9.4' 9.7

B

B

NONE

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.2' 9.4 9.5 9.5

D 1 1/1 on- 1/1 off Hondspring-'/l turn 1/, on-'/l turn 1/1 on-l 1/1 off

{';

A

C

1.401 1.402 1.403 51.410

I

NONE

NONE

B.6 B.6 B.7

B Cartwheel-l 1/ d urn Handspring-1/l turn Yamashita w/ 1/1turn 1/1 on-1/l off Handspring-l 1/ durn 1/1 on-Handspring 1/1on-1/2 off

1.201

A

A

NONE

9.B 9.B 9.B 9.B 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

E

Tsuk Layout 11/1 11/1 on-Bk. Salta T/ P/ L Tsuk 2 1/, Salta Tucked Tsuk 21/, Salta Piked

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

All Tsukaharosare to be performed with 90 to lBO° LA turn in first flight phose.

0

RO, FF-Tucked '/1 twist RO, FF-Loyout '/1 twist RO, FF l/l-Bock Layout RO, FF_l/1 off, Front Layout RO,FF 1/1- Front Layout RO,FF 1/1_ 1/, off, Bock Pike

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

ALLOWABLE VAUlTS: Level 10 All vaults from 011 four groups Level 9 All Group 1, 2 & 3 Vaults (9.9 & 10 Vaults will start from 9.B) LevelB Group 1(Hondspringsl volued at 9.5 or less & Group 3 ITsukaharas) valued at 9.5 or less

Calendar Date

I

"

i~

46

Days Discipline

Location

Contact

JANUARY 1995 First Elite Regional 5 3 W Safety Certification (1 :00-5:00 p.m. New/2:00-5:00 p.m. Renewal) 7 1 MWR Safety Certification (5:00 p.m.-9:00 p.m.)

7 1 MWR Safety Certification (2:00·6:00 p.m.)

MWR 1 7 Safety Certification (TBA) 7 or 8 1 MWR Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.' 1:00 p.m.)

8 1 MWR Safety Certification (1 :00 p.m.·5:00 p.m.)

8 1 MWR Safety Certification (12:30·4:00 p.m.)

14 1 MWR Safety Certification (12:30 p.m.·5:00 p.m.)

15 1 MWR 16 1 Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.·3:00 p.m.)

MWR 1 Reese's International Gymnastics Cup 21 MW Safety Certification (1 :00·5:00 p.m.)

21 1 MWR USAG Winter Cup Challenge 27 2 M Second Elite Regional 27 2 W 1 Safety Certification (1 :00·5:00 p.m.)

27 MWR 1 Safwty Certification (8:00 a.m.·12:00 noon) 29 MWR

Various Sites Decatur, GA Harahan, LA Broadview Heights, OH Winter Springs, Fl West Islip, NY Charleston, WV Chappaqua, NY Madison, WI Penfield, NY Portland, OR Rhode Island Colorado Springs, CO Various Sites Lexington, KY Boise, ID

Kathy Kelly Christine Calvert Caesar Garcio Ron Ganim DJ Milem Ed Konopo Billy Bob Taylor Paul Spadaro Ralph Drueke Sarah Jane Clifford John Kirchner Mike Franca Ron Galimore Kathy Kelly Marci Levine Bernie Ray

317-237-5050 404-377-0241 504-275-4210 216-237-3808 904-641-9966 516-757-5400 304-344-3279 212-344-3279 414-782-3430 716-920-5342 317-237-5050 401-789-8096 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 305-861-8753 602-934-2007

FEBRUARY 3 3·5 4 1 MWR 5 1 MWR 5 1 MWR 11 2 R 16 3 W 1 18 MWR 24 3 MW 26 1 MWR TBA 1 MWR

Peachtree Classic &Team Cup Safety Certification (1 :00 p.m.-5:00 p.m.)

Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.' 1:30 p.m.)

Safety Certification (1 :00 p.m.-5:30 p.m.)

Rhythmic Challenge Pan Am Games Trials/American Classic Safety Certification (Timw: TBA) Gymcarolina Classic Safety Certification (12:00-4:00 p.m.)

Safety Certification (Time: TBA)

Atlanta, GA Chicago, IL Downers Grove, IL Englewood, CO Colorado Springs, CO Oakland, CA High Point, NC Raleigh, NC New Berlin, WI Edina, MN

Micahel Strada Monte Kimes Gerald Denk Betsy Sprague Nora Campbell Kathy Kelly Don Davis Barbara Blidden Heather Kinne Scott Gay

404-664-7292 312-347-6770 708-272-9511 303-750-3356 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 919-834-9380 919-848-7988 414-789-6885 612-920-5342

MARCH 2&4 2 4 1 4 16 5 1 8 4 10 1 1 11 12 1 18 1 19 1

MW MW MWR MW MWR MWR MW MWR MW MWR

McDonald's American Cup Broadcast McDonald's American Cup Pan American Games International Mixed Pairs International Messe Cup Safety Certification (5:30·9:30 p.m.)

Broadcast Reeses' International Gymnastics Cup Safety Certification (10:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.)

Broadcast Int'l Mixed Pairs Safety Certification (8:00·12:00 noon)

Seattle, WA NBC/Live 4·6pm EST Mar del Plata, ARG Seattle, WA Hannover, GER Sumter, SC ABC/4:30·6pm EST New Jersey NBC/TBA N. Myrtle Beach, SC

John Kirchner Mktg. Assistant Galimore/Kelly/Campbell John Kirchner Galimore/Kelly/Compbell Kim Domagalski Mktg. Assistant Cathy Finkel Mktg. Assistant Billy Bob Taylor

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 803-452-6525 317-237-5050 201-586-1808 317-237-5050 304-344-3279

1 1 1 1 5 1 3 3 2 2 1 1

W M MWR MWR MW W W M W MW MWR W

NCAA Regional Meets NCAA Regional Meets Safety Certification (1 :00 p.m.-5:30 p.m.)

Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.·2:00 p.m.)

USA Gymnastics Collegiate Championships USA Gymnastics Nat'llnvitational Tournament NCAA National Championships NCAA National Championships Level 10 Regionals VISA Challenge Safety Certification (New:I-5:00 p.m./Renew: 2-5:00 p.m.)

Broadcast Visa Challenge

Various Sites Various Sites TBA Penfield, NY Denton, TX Cape Girardeau, MO Athens, GA Columbus, OH Various Sites Fairfax, VA TBA ABC/4:30·6:00 pm EST

Kathy Kelly Ron Galimore Betsy Sprague Sarah Jone Clifford Galimore/Kelly Kathy Kelly Kathy Kelly Ron Galimore Kathy Kelly John Kirchner Christine Calvert Mktg. Assistant

317-237-5050 317-237-5050 303-750-9821 716-388-8686 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 404-377-0241 317-237-5050

3 1 4 4 2 4 2

R MWR M W R W R

J.O. Championships Safety Certification (9:00 a.m.' 1:00 P.M.) J.O. Nationals J.O. Nationals JR Western Rhythmic Open J.O. Nationals SR Eastern Rhythmic Open

Atlanta Augusta, GA Oakland, CA W.Palm Beach, FL Downers Grove, IL Lincoln, NE TBA

Nora Campbell Mike Goodall Ron Galimore Kathy Kelly Nora Campbell Kathy Kelly Nora Campbell

317-237-5050 706-736-1073 317-237-5050 317-237-505' 317-237-5050 317-237-5050 317-237-5050

APRIL 8 8 9 10

11 15 20 20 22 27 29 29 MAY 5 7

11 11 13 18 20

Event

JUNE

' tentative January 1995 TECHNIQUE

Phone

Safety Certification

------_...

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES JANUARY Chappaqua, NY 12:30-4:00 p.m.

World Cup Gymn., 170 Hunts lane Course Dir: Paul Spadaro (212) 957·1963 local Contact: Mary Ann Kenefic (914) 238·4967 1S Madison, WI 12:30-5:00 p.m.

Badger Gymnastics Academy, 6901 Schroeder Rd, 53711 Course Dir: Ralph Druecke (414)782·3430 local Contact: Joel Alberti (608)271·1885 16 Penfield, NY 9:00 a.m. ·3:00 p.m.

Gymnastics Training Center of Rochester, 2051 Fairport Nine Mile Point Rd, 14526 Course Dir: Sarah Jane Clifford (716)381·8840 21 Rhode Island 1:00-5:00 p.m.

Course Dir.: Mike Franco (401) 789·8096 27 lexington, KY 1:00-5:00 p.m.

Course Dir.: Marti levine (305)861 ·8753 local Contact: Shelton 8arley (606)278·6561 With Kentucky (/assic at the Hyatt 29 80ise, ID 8:00 a.m.-12:00 noon Gem State Gymn Academy, 5420 W.State SI., 83703 Course Dir: 8ernie Ray (602) 934·2007 local Contact: Gem State Gym (208) 853·3220

26

14

New Berlin, WI 12:00-4:00 p.m.

M& MGymnastics, 16850 W.Vidtor Rd, 153151 Course Dir: Heather Kinne (414)789·6885

29

MARCH 10

12 19

Sumter, SC 5:30-9:30 p.m.

Sumter YMCA, 50 Willow Dr., 29150 Course Dir: Kim Domogalski (803) 452·6525 New Jersey-Site: T8A 10:00 a.m.·5:00 p.m.

Course Dir.: Cathy Finkel (201) 586·1808 North Myrtle 8each, South Carolina 8:00-11:00 a.m.

N. Myrtle 8each Gymnastics and More 523 Highway 17 North 29582 Course Dir: Billy Bob Taylor (304) 344·3279 Local Contact: Louie liguori (803) 249·5867 Tammy Aronson (803) 249·5867

MAY 7

10

Augusto, GA 9:00 a.m.-l :00 p.m.

Augusto YWCA Main Complex, 3532 Wheeler Rd Course Dir: Mike Goodale (706)736·1073 Local Contact: Karen Daughtry (706)738·6678

JULY 29

APRIL 9

Course Dir: Sarah Jane Clifford (716)388·8686 (716)381·8840 location: T8A 1:00- 5:00 p.m. New certification 2:00-5:00 p.m. Renewal Course Dir.: Christine Calvert (404) 377 ·0241

Site: TBA 1:00-5:30 p.m.

Course Dir.: Betsy Sprague (303) 750·9821, (303) 750·3356 Penfield, NY 9:00 0.m.-2:00 p.m.

Gymnastics Training Center of Rochester 2051 Fairport Nine Mile Point Rood, 14526

Decatur, GA 1:00-5:00 p.m. New/2:00-5:00 Renewal Decatur DeKalb YMCA, 1100 Clairemont Ave. Course Dir.: Christine Calvert (404) 377·0241

4

S

.

18

Edina, MN Time: TBA TAGS Edina, 5201 Eden Circle, 55436 Course Dir.: Scott Gay (612) 920·5342 Chicago, Il 1:00-5:00 p.m.

Harrison Pork, 1824 S. Wood St., 60608 Course Dir.: Monte Kimes local Contact: C.P.D. Gymnastics (312) 347·6770 Downers Grove, Il 9:00 a.m.-l :30 p.m.

Indian 80undary YMCA, 711 59th SI., 60516 Course Dir: Gerald Denk (708)272-9511 local Contact: linda Reynolds (708)968·8400 Englewood, CO 1:00-5:30 p.m.

All American School of Gymnastics Course Dir: Betsy Sprague (303) 750·3356 High Point, NC Time: T8A High Point Gymnastics, 3530 NMain SI. Course Dir: Don Davis (919)834·9380 Local Contact: Rob Travers (910)869·3589

• Allmaterials(includingthe new Safety Handbook) for 3rd Cycle courses are provided at the course and are part of the course fee.

tt

"

.A 47

Certification is good for four years.

The course/examination is $100. USA Gymnastics Professional Members and recertification is $75. Retest cost is $25. For groups of at least 10, contact the USA Gymnastics Department of Educational Services and Safety.

OCTOBER New York, NY 11 :00 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Sutton Gymnastics, 20 Cooper Square (7th Floor). 10003 Course Dir.: Joan Hicks (203) 924·8666 Local Contact: Joanne Sotres (212) 533·9390

"IlIA GYMNASTICS ---------- :;-1

FEBRUARY T8A

All courses are 3rd Cycle courses.

Please make checks payable

Participation Registration Form

in full to USA Gymnastics Safety

Name: Mr. / Mrs./ Ms._ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __

Certification

Soc. Sec. # _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _

Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics Safety, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol, indianapolis, IN 46225

Address: _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ State: _ _ _ _ Zip_ _ __ _

City:

Telephone: (H) _ _ __ _ _ _ __ (W) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Course Director: _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ Course Location:_ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __

Date: _ _ __ _

DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE • FOR OFFICE USE ONLY

Organization Represented: _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ __

Registration Fonn Received: If USA Gynmastics Member, List Type and Number _ _ _ _ _ __ _

Form of Payment:

o

Check

o Visa

o

Mastercard

Name on Card:_ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __

Confirmation Mailed:

N umber: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ Expiration Date:

Sign ature:

L ____________________ January 1995 TECHNIQUE

T195 ~-------~

Non-profi t Organization US. Postage PAID

Permit No. 7867 Indian apolis, IN

,

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