Technique Magazine - May 1993

USA Gymnastics The Official Technical Publication of USA Gymnastics

Book Review: Movement Activities For Early Children Difficulty Vs. Ability Beam Preparation Club Risk Management 1993 Congress Shoulder Complex: Biomechanical Considerations Ten Commandments of Teaching Tumbling To Preschoolers Equipment and Resource Companies Protect Yourself From AIDS and Hepatitis

EDUCATIONAL RIALS Coaches Guide to Nutrition and Weight Control (Second Edition)

In Pursuit of

Excellence Huw 10 Wi" ill Sport mzd Lifo , Through Menial Truitting

•

\4'~ .

Patricia A. Eisenman, PhD, Stephen C. Johnson, PhD, andJoan E. Benson, MS, RD 1990 • Paper • 192 pp

Te~r)/Orlick, PhD

Item #17 - $22.00

,--------------------------, Name _ ___________________________

Qty

Cost

Total

Zip ______________

Phone (

USA GYMNASTICS

USA Gymnastics Memb. No. _ _____________

POBox 5562 Indianapolis, IN 46225-5526

S.s. No. ________

o

To

order any of these books, or other educational materials and videos presented in this issue, please complete this order form and send to:

City ____________________________ State _________

Terry Orlick, PnD 1990 • Paper • 208 pp Item #14 - $14.95

This highly successful sport performance book by internationally recognized sport psychologist Terry Orlick has undergone a complete revitalization .

Better organized for easier reading, the second edition includes dozens of new examples taken from Orlick's real-life experiences with champion athletes and their coaches.

This second edition translates the sciences of phYSiology, biochemistry, and nutrition into information that students of physical education and sport nutrition can eaSily apply.

Item

(Second Edition)

Written in an easy to understand, instructive style, this second edition of In Pursuit of Excellence is the supplemental text for courses that cover basic sport psychology techniques. It covers the psychological concepts of concentration, winning, losing, and competing successfully. Instructors will find it easy to put these concepts into perspective for their students.

Good nutrition allows athletes to maintain energy levels during training and safely regulate their ratio of fat and lean weight. Coaches Guide to Nutrition and Weight Control is a practical guide that tells readers everything they need to know about sport nutrition .

Address _ __________________________

In Pursuit of Excellence

How to Win in Sport and Life Through Mental Training

MasterCard

0 VISA Exp. Date: _ _____

(317) 237-5060

Subtotal

PLEASENOfE: The videos listed in thismagazine are provided for educational and historic purposes. While every effort is made to produce videos of the highest quality, it should be noted that some of the videos are produced at events utilizing handheld cameras from vantage points in the stands by non-professional volunteer technicans. Only limited editing and production enhancements are utilized in order to provide a tirnely product ata reasonable cost to the USA Gymnastics membership.

Card # _ _________________________ Signature: ________________________ Send Mail Orders to: USA Gymnastics Merchandise PO Box 5562 Indianapolis, IN 46255-5562

Make checks payable to: USA Gymnastics

L ______

Indiana Residents add 5% sales tax Shipping & Handling Charges Purchases 515.00 a nd und er Pu rchases 5 15.01-550 Pu rchases over 550.01-51 00

Purchases 100.01 and u p

Grand Total

53.00 54.00 55.00

S8.00

(T59~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2

L

,""-

:J May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Inside This Issue

Publisher Mike Jacki Editor Stephen W. Whitlock Production Luan Peszek Graphic Design Julie T. Jones Men's Program Director Robert Cowan Women's Program Director Kathy Kelly Rhythmic Program Director Nora Hitzel

Contents Book Review Movement Activities for Early Children ...... ....... ....... .. 5

Coaches Education ACEP Leader Level Sports Science Course ....... ..... ..... . 7 Summer Coaches Workshop ,.......... ...... .. .. .... ... ..... ... .... 36 PDP-At a Glance ..... ....... ,... .. ,., .. ... .. ...... ... ....... .......... ...... 37

Coaching Difficulty Vs. Ability .....,.... ..... .... ... ...... ............ ... ........... 10 page 5

Technique Beam Preparation ........ ,....... ... ..... ........... ...... .................. 12

Safety USA Gymnastics Board of Directors

Eme~~~~i:dBe~d: ~H~~n!~~~i~Tkheag~~:l;~~ ~:~fer~ b~~:~1::'s~ Wend y Hilliard, chair; Jim Hartung, vice chair; Michelle Dusserre, sec;Shef,'1Dundas;Tim Dag~tt ; Karon Lyon-Glover; Tanya Service; C lris Wa ller; Kevin avis, SOC Athlete's Ad visory Council; Nancy Marshall, Admin. Ad visor; Amateur Athl etic Union: Stan Atkinson; American Sokol 01anization:Jerry Milan; American Trampoline & Tumbling 5S0dation: Wayne Downing; American Turners: B e ~ H e~pn er; Junior Boys Gymnastics Coaches Association: arc a lley; Men's Elite Coaches Association: Peter Kormann; National Association for Girls and Women in ~ort: Dr. Mimi Mu rray; National Association of Collegiate ymnastics Men: Able Grossfeld; Natio nal Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Women: Ga il Da vis; National Association of Women's Gr;mnasticsJudges: Yvonne H od~e; National Coll egiate Ath etic Association: C hert} Levick, red TuroH; National Federation of State Hi,h Sc 001 Associations: Susan True; National Gymnastics udges Association: Harry Bjerke; Nat ional Hifth School Gfmnast ics Coaches Association: Jo hn Brinkwort 1; Na tional ew ish Welfare Board: Courtney Shanken; Rhythmic Coaches Association: Suzie DiTullio; Special Olympics, Inc.: Ka te Faber-Hi ckie; U.S. Association of Independent Gym Clubs: La nce Crowley; U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Women: To ny Gehman; U.S. Sports Acrobatics Federation: Bo nnie Dav idson; Young Men's Christian Associat ion: Rick Dod so n; USA Gymnastics National Membership Directors: Men's: Jim Ho lt, Ray Gura; Women's: Joa n Moore, Julia Thompson-Aretz; Rhythmic: Alia Svirsky, Ute Alt-Carberry.

USA Gymnastics Executive Committee Chair: Sa nd y Kn~p; Secretary: Mike Milidonis; Vic e ChairWomen: Nancy a rshall;Vice ChairMen:Jim Howa rd; Vice Chair Rhtthmlc: Norma Zabka; President: Mike Jacki; FIG Women's echnical Committee: Jacki e Fie; FIG RhythmicTechnical Committee: Andrea Schmid-Shapiro; FIG Men's Technical Committee: Bill Roetzheim; At Large Members: Roe Kreutzer;Sue Ammerman; Athlete Directors: Tim Dag ~e tt , Mich ell e Dusserre, Wend y Hilliard; President Emeritus: ud Wilkinson, Mike Donahue .

Associate Contents Editors Sports Science Advisory Committee Willia m Sa nds, Ph.D., Cha ir, Spor ts Advisory Com mittee Patty Hacker, Ph.D., C hair, Edu ca tion Su b-commi ttee Stephen W. Whitl ock, Liaison Unless eXIressly id entifi ed to the contrary, all ar ticl es, statement s an views printed herein a re attributed solely to the auth or and the Ul1lted States Gy mnastics Federa tio n expresses no opinio n and assumes no responsibilit y th ereo f.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

Club Risk Management Committee .............. .......... .... 16

Congress Facts ........ ,..,. ....,.,. ...... .... .,.,.,. ....,..... ...... .... ... ... ... ..... .......... 18 Registration Form .... ,.. ,. ..... .... ..... ... .. ... .. .. ..... ...... ..... .. ... .. . 19 Tentative Schedule ........... .... ..... ... .. ........ .. ... ...... .... ..... .... 20

Sports Medicine Shoulder Complex: Biomechanical Considerations ........... ....... .... ...... ..... 23 Protect Yourself from AIDS and Hepatitis .,. .. ,.,. ..,. ..,.43

page 10

Preschool Gymnastics Ten Commandments of Teaching Tumbling to Preschoolers .................... .... ... ..... .......... .. .. ... ,., ..... ,., ..,.26

Resources Equipment and Resource Companies .. ....... .... ,. .... .... ,.31

Research A Twenty-four Year Retrospective Look ..... ....... .. ...... 32

Women's Judging

page 16

Code of Points ,. ... .. ,... ..... ,.... ,.... ....... ... ......... ..... ....... ........ 40

Minutes W-Elite Program Committee, 3/28/93 ..................... ..42 W-Ad Hoc Committee, 3/7-8/93, Orlando, FL ....... .44

Announcements

.... ... .. ................. ,.,....... .. ,... ,.......... .. .. .... .. ............. ..... .......... 46

C HANGE OF ADDRESS A D SUBSCRI PTION INQ UIRIES: In order to ensure uninterrup ted deli very of TECHN IQUE magazi ne, notice of cha nge o f add ress should be made six to eight weeks in advance. For fas test service, please e nclose your present mai ling label.

Di rec t all su bscript io n ma il to TEC HNIQUE Subscriptions, Pa n America n Plaza, 201 S. Ca pi tol Ave., Suite 300, India napolis, I 46225.

TECH NIQU E is publi shed 10 tim es per year by USA Gymnas tics, Pan America n Plaza, 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300, India na polis, IN 46225 (phone: 317-237-5050). Third class postage paid a t Indi a napolis, IN. Subscri ptio n price: $25.00 per yea r in United States; all other countries $48.00 per yea r. If ava il able, back issue single copies $4.00 plus S1.00 postage/ handling. All reasonable ca re will be ta ken, but no res po nsibility ca n be assum ed fo r un soli cited materi al; enclose return pos tage. Copyright 1993 by USA Gymnastics and TECH NIQUE. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

3

page 26

IEDUCATIONAL MATERIALS I Panasonic VIDEOTAPES PROUD SPO NS OR OF USA GYMNASTICS

Use the order form on page 2 to order any of these videotapes.

Educational

Rhythmic

General How to tape an injured gymnast. This tape was prepa red by Larry Nassar, ATe. (Part I = 1:55, Part II = 1:23) #2102 $19.95 PDP level I instructor's starter kit. For Level I Clinic Administra tors. Includes video and 15 #3609 $60.00 Clinic Workbooks.

Safety Video. Gymnastics 1st, 2nd , and always. #2601 $39.95 Back exercises for the gymnast. A video designed to lessen the problem of back pain in the gymnast.

With use of a skeleton and gymnasts, L. Nassa r, ATe, demons trates how bod y positioning, flexibility, pelvic stabilization & muscular exercises are beneficial. 0 :20)(1992) #2410 $10.95

Men Basic Skills Achievement Program (BSAP) video.

Demonstration of a ll of the skills. #52 $29.95 J.O. Compulsory Program (JOCP) video. Demonstration of all of the exercises. (Edited by class level) #2221 $39.95 J.O. Compulsory Program (JOCP) video. Demonstration of all of the exercises. (Ed ited by event) #2222 $39.95 Jr. Nat. Team Dance Training program and Boy's team winter training camp, Colo. Spgs. (2:00) #2272 $12.95 Olympic Development Program (ODP) video1992. Complete demonstration. #61 $29.95 USGFCongress, Indi anapolis. International trends in men's gymnastics. Prese nta ti on by M. Watanabe. (1991) #2243 $15.95 Goal setting and preparation for competitions.

Sport Psychology session by Dr. K McKelvain at 92 nat. team camp, Colo. Spgs. (2:00)(1992) #2273 $14.95 USGF Congress, Anaheim. Dieter Hofmann's lectures. Clinic for men's coaches. (2 parts: total time = 9 Ius in SLP)0992) #2200 $39.95 Intercontinen tal Judges Cou rse, Tampa, Fla. Pommel Horse. Presentation by B. Roetzheim. (SLP format) (1992) #2210 $24.95 Colo. Spgs. Coaches Seminar for Men's Gymnastics. TU: Lioukin; V: Artemov; PB: Tomita; R: O 'Ne ill ; HB: Akopyan; Co nditionin g & Periodiza tion : Sands; PH: Daggett; Watanabe. (2 tapes, SLP form at, 5:43) (1993) #2253 $24.95

Preschool!elementary Preschool Workshop, Ft. Worth. Swedish gymnastics. Fea tures Ka jsa Murmark & Gun Stahl. #1/ 3 tapes includes: Introd uction, Philosophy, and first group lessons. (2:00)(1991) #2130 $12.95 Preschool Workshop, Ft. Worth . Swedish gymnastics. Features Kajsa Munn ark & Gun Stahl. #2 / 3 tapes includes: Wa ys to use appa ratus, Day in the jungle, Bean bag acti vities, and Ga mes. (2:00)0991) #2131 $12.95 Preschool Workshop, Ft. Worth. Swedish gymnastics. Features Kajsa Murmark & Gun Stahl. #3/3 tapes incl udes: Games, Ba lloon acti vities, and fin al lessons. (2:00)0991) #2132 $12.95

4

92-96 J.O. Rhythmic LevelS & 6 VHS. Companion to the compulsory book, this video shows the six level S routines performed from both a front and rea r viewpoint. The level 6 routines are also performed in phrases. #2321 $29.95 92-96 J.O. Rhythmic Level 7 & 8 VHS. Companion to the compulsory book, the video shows the six level 7 routines and the level 8 RFX from two #2322 $29.95 viewpoints.

Women J.O. Compulsory Video levels 1-4. Companion to the compulsory book. #2105 $29.95 J.O. Compulsory Video levels 5-7 and 10. Companion to the compulsory book.#2106 #29.95 J,O. Dance Workou ts 1-3 for coaches' tape. Explanation of the basic dance exercises. (2:00) #2173 $15.00 J.O. Dance Workouts 1-3 for gymna st's tape. Basic ballet exercises d esigned for the gymnasts to fo llow. Demonstrated by M. Faulkenberry. (2:00) #2171 $15.00 J.O. Dance Workouts 4 & 5 for gymnasts. These levels are newly completed . #2172 $15.00 Roundoffvaulttrain in g. Developed byT. Gehman fo r the Women's J.0. program. Prerequisites, training tips, conditioning, and technique. #2107 $19.95 Talent Opportunities Program (T.O.P.), Indianapolis, IN . National Testing. This tapes shows all of the physica l abilities tests used at the Na tional Testing in Indianapolis. ( 993) #2139 $14.95

Training Women NEW Elite Compulsory Workshop, Salt Lake City. '96 Elite Compulsory Exercises.

This workshop was held in conjunction with the America n Classic on March 28, 1993. Clinicians included: BB & FX: M. Grossfeld; TU & V: S. Elliott; and UB: A Akopyan. (SLP format, 4:00) #2149 $15.95

Competitions Men w NE

USA/Japan A nnu a l Dual Meet, Hamamatsu City, JPN, March, 1993.

Team and Event Finals. Team resu lts: JPN218.350, USA-217.300. AA results: T.Ch inen 54.70 (JPN), Y.Hatakeda-54.65 (JPN), GreggCurtis-54.25 (USA), S. Wata nabe-53.95), J.D.Reive-53.75 (USA), N .Iwa i-53.70 (JPN). Other USA tea m members included D.Durbin and RKieffer. #2257 $12.95 McDo nald's Am. Cup, Orlando,FL. Prelims and Finals. Scherbo-56.950 (BLR), Ringnald -55.700 (USA), Wecker-55.175 (GER), Sharipov-55.000 (UKR), Gherman-54.850 (ROM), Wa ller-54.650 (USA), Supola-53.700 (H UN), Centazzo (ITA ), Curtis (USA), Umino (JPN), Thomas (GBR), Bravo (ESP), Pluss (SUI), Lopez (MEX), Keswick (USA), Dashuang (CHN) (993) #2252 $19.95

Winter Cup Challenge, Colo. Springs. Junior Elite: Compulsory & Optional. Wi lson-102.25, Datilio100.85, Killen-l00.50, Ellis-98.50, Klaus-97.90, Pansy-96.90, Thornton-96.25, Wood-95.55, Stibel94.15, Masucci-93.15, and others. (SLP format, 5:43) (993) #2251 $16.95 Winter Cup Challenge, Colo. Springs. Senior Compulsory and Optional.

Keswick-55.60 , Roethlisberger-54.95, Waller-54.80, Ringna ld 53.65, Umphrey-53.55, Curtis-53.30, Asano-53.25, Masucci-53.25, Lynch-52.90, Harriso n-52 .80, Durbin-52.45, Meadows-52.15, and others. (SLP format) (993) #2250 $16.95

Rhythmic Rhythmic Challenge, Colo. Springs, CO Senior Elite: Bushnell-35.75, Hunt-35.35, Davis-35.35, Ward-34 .90, Levinson-34 .70, Tu cay-34 .70, Vanderpluym-33.40, H.Lovell-32.80,Alberti-32.50, Bachar-31.80, James-31.1O, Davidovich-30.90. J unior Elite: Fred rickson-33.50, Lim-33.00, Tharp31.60, Sievers-29.50 (993) #2329 $16.95

Women NEW Am. Classic, Salt LakeCity, March, 1993.

Junior and Senior National Optionals.

Junior results: H .Prosser-72.230, M.Arnold-72.6' O.Willis-71.35, A.M u ell er-70 .61, D .Ba rr- 70 . 2 ~ J. Carow-69.99. Senior results: H .Harriman-72.905, AMurakami-71.93, KMonahan-71.855, L.Brown71.435, M.Leopoldus-70.975, J. Basile-70.940. 0 :12) #2145 $12.95 NEW Am. Classic, Salt Lake City, March, 1993.

Junior International Optionals. Selec ted routin es including: T.Meyers-37.20, D.T h o mp so n, 37. 15, J.T h o mp so n-37.125, E.Johnson-36.70, J.Martini-36.375, E.Diaz-36.35, B.Knaeble-36.325, M.Flammer-36.175. 0 :21) #2146 $14.95 NEW Am. Classic, Salt Lake City, March, 1993.

Senior International Optionals. Selected routines including: S.Miller (exhibition), KStrug-39.10, D.Dawes-39.075, ABorden-38.225; H.H o rnb eek-38 .025, M.Gruggs-38 .00, K.McDennott-37.70, H .Brink-37.25, M.Campi37.225, AErdos-37. 15, M.Webster-36.975. 0 :41) #2147 $16.95 NEW USA / Japa n A n nua l Du a l Mee t, Hamamatsu City, JPN, March, 1993.

Team and Event Finals. Team results: JPN148.625, USA-148.325. AA results: M.Kosuge38.050 (JPN), L.French-37.325 (USA), AChow37 .225 (USA), K. Po we ll -37. 100 (USA), ESugawa ra-37.100 (JPN), M.Etoh-36.675 (JPN).

The other USA tea m member was Rachel Rochelli. #21 48 $12.95 McDonald's Am. Cup, Orlando, FL. Prelims and Finals. Miller-39.268 (USA), Strug-38. 168 (USA), Piskun-37.837 (BLR), Xuemei-37.455 (CHN), Portocarrero-37.206 (GUA), Hadarean-36.762 (ROM), Kosuge-35.798 (JPN), Ga lloway-35T (CAN), Dawes (USA), Borden (USA), Cam (USA), Stobvtcha taia (UKR), Machado (FRA), Molna r (HUN), Hristakieva (BUL) (993) #2152 $19.95

Mny 1993 TECHNIQUE

Book Review

MOVEMENT ACIIVIIIES FOR EARLyCmLDREN ment Activities for Earl) Childhood

Most coaches would agree that it is important for young children to learn about movement. Given a choice, children would opt to learn through movement. Unfortunately many coaches and educators are not inherently skilled to provide purposeful physical activities for young children. Movement Activities for Early Childhood, by Carol Hammett although written primarily for individuals who may have no formal training in physical educa-

tion, seasoned coaches as well as educators, will find this book refreshing and full of new ideas.

Movemel1t Activities for Early Childhood is divided into four chapters: Locomotor skills, Ball-handling skills, Gymnastics skills and Rhythmic activities. For the three skill areas, a "movement framework" is presented which includes a list of skill themes and movement concepts.

Skill themes consist of action words such as walking, running, jumping and hopping. Movement concepts include pathways, levels, directors, space, and intensity and quality of movement, such as forward, clockwise, under, or light movements. Movement concepts are ideas that can be applied to skill themes, thus creating a number of variations. What makes these

SAMPLE GAMES

Reviewed by: Christine Ebert USA Gymnastics Educational Services Intern

0

Gymnastic Skills Skill Theme:

JUMPING AND LANDING

Game Name:

Jack Be Nimble

Objective:

To practice jumping, landing and dramatic play

Vocabulary:

Jump, land, over

Equipment:

A "candlestick" for each child (made out of bathroom tissue rolls)

You may order this book through the USA Gymnastics Merchandise Department. Use the Order Form on page 2 of this magazme.

Procedure:

Ask the children to place their candlesticks on the floor. Together chant the nursery rhyme "Jack Be Nimble."

When the teacher says the words "Jack jump over the candlestick," have everyone jump over their candle. Repeat several times. This activity is particularly appealing to very young children.

Movement Activities for Early Childhood Carol Hammett

• 1991 • Paper • 138 pp Item #3622 $15.00

Helpful Hint: With children, practice the nursery rhyme before introducing the candlesticks and playing the game.

Safety Idea:

Be sure the candlesticks are far enough apart to prevent the children from jumping onto each other.

Variation:

Ask the children to suggest different ways to jump, such as sideways, high, fast, and so on. Have all the children try each suggestion.

TECHNIQUE Mny 1993

5

games so enjoyable for children is that they were created by children! Some of the games were refined somewhat by teachers, but all have been field tested by hundreds of children.

Movement Activities for Early Childhood

The sections on gymnastics and rhythmic activities are particularly useful for preschool / developmental gymnastics coaches. The gymnastics section focuses on developing a child's muscular strength and flexibility, while raising the level of self-confidence and self-esteem. There are 19 games specifically designed for gymnastics development. The section on rhythmic activities offers three ways to involve children in planned activities: 1) movement to music using hand apparatus, such as balls and ribbons; 2) choreographed movement to music using or incorporating traditional songs; and

3) interpreted movement to music, known as "creative movement."

The author offers some very helpful information including an equipment glossary, sample music resources, and a list of equipment companies with addresses. This information can make the job of finding various equipment and obtaining necessary music for specific games much simpler.

The games in Movement Activities for Early Children are very basic and easy to follow. If you are interested in more advanced games and movements, then Movement Activities may not be of much use to you. However, if you are looking for basic games for young children, then this is the book for you .

SAMPLE GAMES

Rhythmic Activities Lummi Sticks Game Name:

"This Old Man"

Tune:

Traditional

Skills:

Drumming, tapping, shaking, pointing, rolling

Narration:

~

This old man, he played one.

~ ~.

He played knick-knack on my thumb

. Drumming (6 accented taps or beats)

~ t6!'A

,

v

~

~

,

Tapping sticks together (6 ) Touching the thumb (I )

With a knick-knack paddy whack,

Shaking (7)

Give your dog a bone.

Pointing sticks up

This old man came rolling home.

~

. 7 Rolling (7 ) I

Repeat: 2. This old man, he played two ... on my shoe ...

3. This old man, he played three ... on my knee .. .

4. This old man, he played four ... on my floor...

5. This old man, he played five .. on my side .. .

(Have the children touch the appropriate spot for each verse.)

6

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Coaches Education

ACEP LEADER I.EVEL SPORTS SCIENCE CoURSE SA Gymnastics will be sponsoring ACEP Sports Science courses at special rates for gymnastics professionals. Certified ACEP instructors who are registered with USA Gymnastics will conduct these courses.

Successful completion of this course fulfills one requirement for PDP Level II Accreditation. Use the form on the following page to pre-register for the course of your choice. To guarantee your registration, a completed registration form must be received

by USA Gymnastics 3 weeks (21 days) prior to the published course date.

U

Friday & Saturday, June 25-26, 1993 Fri - 6:30-10:00p.m.

Sat -10:00a .m.-1:30p.m.

Camp Greenkill, Huguenot, NY Course Instr.: Dave Moskovitz Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050

The above course will be held in conjunction with the USA Gymnastics Summer Coaches Workshop.

Saturday & Sunday, June 26-27, 1993 Sat - 3:00-7:00p.m.

Sun - 10:00a.m.-2:00p.m.

Northeast Family YMCA, 9400 Mill Brook Rd., Louisville, KY 40223 (502) 425-1271 Course Instr.: Steve Schoenbaechler (502) 452-7561 Saturday, July 17, 1993 9:00a.m.-6:00p.m.

SS Gymnastics, 12445 E. 39th Ave., Suite 505, Denver, CO 80239 Course Instr.: Betsy Sprague (303) 373-2797 Friday-Sunday, July 3D-August 1, 1993 TBA Course Instr.: Norbert Bendixon (708) 949-8743 The above course will be held in conjunction with the USGF Illinois State Congress.

Friday & Saturday, August 6-7, 1993 Fri - 6:00-9:30p.m.

Sat - 8:00a .m .-12:00noon Woodward Camp, P.O. Box 93 R #45, Woodward, PA 16882 (814) 349-5633

Course Instr.: Dave Moskovitz Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050 The above course will be held in conjunction with the USA Gymnastics Summer Coaches Workshop.

Friday & Saturday, August 6-7, 1993 Fri - 5:30-9:00p.m.

Sat - 1O:30a.m.-5:00p.m.

San Fillipe Community Center, Hayward, CA Course Instr.: Susan Robinette (510) 417-0446 Saturday, August 14, 1993 TBA Indianapolis, IN Course Instr.: Ed Gibson (219) 736-5600 Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050 The above course will be held in conjunction with the USGF Indillnll State Business Meeting.

Saturday & Sunday, August 21-22, 1993 Sat - 6:00-9:00p.m.

Sun - 1O:00a.m.-3:00p.m.

Lake Owen Camp, HC 60, Box 60, Cable, WI 54821 (715) 798-3785 Course Instr.: Dave Moskovitz Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050 Th e above course will be 11e1d in conjunction with the USA Gymnastics Summer Coaches Workshop.

Introducin two easy ways to get lo~ w qlesale prices on every Item ill our catalogs!

TECHNIQUE May 1993

7

USGF-ACEP Leader Level Sports Science - Registration Form Fill in the following form as completely and accurately as possible. please print or type.

Name__________________________________

Birthdate_________ Age ___ (min. age is 18 years)

Address,_________________________

City ________________ State

Zip _ _ __

Phone Nos: Home ( _ ) - _

- __

Work (___ ) - _

- __

Social Security No. _ _ - __ - _ _ USGF Professional No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Safety Certification Status: Are you currently Safety Certified? D

Yes D

No

Expiration date:

_I _1_

Date: ---------- Location: _______________________________________

Course Information:

Course Instructor(s) _____________________________________________ Course Fees: 1. The textbook for the Leader Level Sports Science course is Successful Coaching. The textbook is included in the course fee.

Preregistered participants will receive their materials at the course.

2. The course fee is $75.

3. USGF Professional Members may register at the reduced rate of $60.

4 . Successful completion of this course ~ulfills the Sport Science requirement for PDP Level II Accreditation.

Payment: D

Check (Payable to USA Gymnastics)

D

MasterCard or D VISA Card No .

Card Holder Name:

Check No ._ __ Exp. Date: _I_I_ Signature:_________________________ T593

At Elite!

We've made it

Choose our GK Con-

Each month, we'll

GK, our philosophy

easier than ever to get low

signment Pro Shop program,

send you an assortment of ex-

has aIways been to

wholesale prices on every

and take advantage of the best

citing new leotards and bike

put the interests of

item in our catalogs-from

our gym-club

competitive leotards for your

customers lirst-

team to our ever-popular

our success will

workout wear; exciting GK

follow. This

warm ups to men 's wear and

commitment has

accessories.

In fact, now there

helped hundreds of clubs become

are two easy ways to get low

successful, and it's

wholesale prices on every

made us the most

item in our catalogs.

asked for name in

l o u r exclusive GK

gymnastics apparel and accessories.

8

ELITE/GK MAKES IT EASY TO GET LOW WHOLESALE PRICES ON EVERY ITEM IN OUR CATALOGS.

Consignment Pro •

way to make your pro shop a

shorts from our variety print

success. You 'll get the best,

collection to display and sell in

most popular apparel and mer-

your pro shop. Your consign-

Shop program

chandise in the sport. There's

ment package is tailored to

means no

no investment and absolutely

your gym 's specific needs

investment and no

no risk. Ever! Here's how it

(size assortments and quanti-

risk. Ever!

works.

ties) and includes only fresh

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

INTERNATIONAL GYMNASTICS FEDERATION (F.I.G.)

OF Interna~onal

Gymnastics Federa~an

•

Code of Points

1993-1996

The Codes contain the rules revisions as well as difficulty evaluations for all skills.

WOMEN

MEN

#1101

#1201

#1301

$39.95 AVAILABLE JUNE 1ST

$39.95 D

RHYTHMIC $39.95

order, use USA Gymnastics form on page 2. For more info, refer to page 22. let us show you how to get low wholesale prices on every item in our catalogs. Guaranteed! Call toll-free 1-800-345-4087.

merchandise manufactured especially for consignment. And since you only pay for what you sell, and you can return what you don't sell, you have no risk and no investment.

Ever! It's that easy!

Plus, as a GK Con-

2

•

It's easy to get low

Our Original GK

chandise from any of our

ProShop

eleven workout wear collec-

wholesale prices on every

program puts

tions and our variety print

item in our catalogs-and

group.

much more!

you in charge of

All it takes is an ini-

your selections and styles-plus you get low

tial pro shop order of $400,

For more information about how you can get guaranteed low

low whole-

wholesale prices

signment Pro Shop, you're au-

wholesale prices sale prices

tomatically qualified to pur-

on every item in

on every item

chase every item in our cata-

our GK catalogs!

in our cata-

GK Customer

logs! Plus, with

Service to ll-free

logs at low wholesale pricescompetitive wear, workout

If you'd rather have

our Original GK

wear, basics, warm ups, mens-

more control over your selec-

Pro Shop program , you can

wear and accessories. Every-

tion of merchandise, choose

also take advantage of our ex-

thing.

our Original GK Pro Shop pro-

clusive monthly promotions

Our GK Consign-

gram, and you'll control every-

that offer super discounts on

ment program is perfect for

thing. You pick the styles. You

select items throughout the

meets and summer camp pro-

pick the colors. You customize

year.

grams, too.

your own pro shop with mer-

TECHNIQUE May 1993

on GK apparel and accessories, call

at 1-800-345-4087.

Elite Sportswear, L.P. 1230 Spruce Street Reading , PA 19602

9

DIFHCULlY VS. ABILII'Y his article will describe the characteristics of safe and effective competitive routine construction. While coaches and choreographers strive to meet the rigorous requirements for competition, safety should remain the primary and foremost goal. As the task of routine construction is mastered, coaches will realize that both the safety of the gymnast and the score is maximized.

T

Dave Moskovitz Coaching Development Coordinator

The governing body for the sport of gymnastics is the Federation Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG).

Among its various responsibilities, the FIG, through Technical Committees (TC), creates the Code of Points, the official rules for competition. While the safety of the gymnast and the development of the sport have al wa ys been important objectives, the new code (1993 edition) includes some very specific changes that are important for the coaches and gymnasts alike.

The FIG Code of Points, Artistic Gymnastics for Men, Article 16 states: "Basis for the Construction of Optional Exercises The content of all exercises must conform to the capabilities of the gymnast. The degree of difficulty of an exercise must never be escalated at the expense of correct form and technically correct execution. The following principle is valid: A gymnast must be in full and complete control of his body.

For execution of exercises in competition, one of the most important concerns in gymnastics are the prerequisites of safety, elegance and flexibility for an aesthetic performance .

Along with this basic principle, at the same time an appeal is directed toward the gymnasts and the coaches, that for the selection of the exercise parts, the risk of injury is as low as possible and the maintenance of the gymnast's health is placed in the foreground."

components of Combination, was increased in value from 4.40 to 5.40 points. In addition, the value for Difficulty was reduced from 4.00 to 2.40 points. Therefore, the coach and athlete should view an exercise performed with clean execution and relatively lower difficulty as superior to an exercise with technical and execution errors and relatively higher difficulty. For example: If a gymnast attempts to perform a double back salto with 1 / 1 turn on floor exercise, D-part, and lands on his hands and knees, he would be deducted 0.40 in exercise presentation and may loose credit for the difficulty value, 0.60. The wise choice would be to perform an additional element of C-value, a double salto, with better technical execution, and therefore, only be lacking 0.20 in difficulty. The net result would be an increase in score, as well as to decrease the risk of injury.

Another tempting addition to the Code are difficulty elements of E-value. These are the most difficult elements and are, therefore, not required in the construction of an optional exercise. Remember, "The teaching and learning of skills slowly and in a progressive manner is, without question, a fundamental cornerstone to success and safety in gymnastics.

It requires appropriate selection of skills to be learned, as well as considerable time and adequate repetition at each phase of the learning sequence. Gymnastics performers should be able to clearly demonstrate "task mastery" over a broad spectrum of core skills before advancing to more complex movements. Proper execution techniques of the appropriate lead-up skills should always serve as an essential criterion for determining whether or not a gymnast should advance on to the next, more complex level." (Safety Manual, p. 79) Article 18.5 in the Code states: "Gymnasts with respective requirements and of a high performance level can also utilize the possibility to perform E-parts, even though they are not required.

The USGF Gymnastics Safety Manual elaborates on this principle in saying that, "The goal is to achieve a reasonable degree of safety that is consistent with the nature of the activity itself and both the skill level and the performance goals of the gymnast." (p. 7) Remember that what is reasonable and prudent must first be determined in the training gym, not during the "hea t of battle" on the competition floor.

By means of this, there will be the possibility to better differentiate the performances of the world's best gymnasts, who usually exceed the difficulty requirements for the individual apparatus. Additionally, through the awarding of bonus points, a better differ entiation of their scores will be more probable."

This principle is emphasized empirically in other sections of the men's Code. The deduction factor of Exercise Presentation, formerly Execution and some

This should be interpreted by both coaches and athletes that the E-parts should only be used when the gymnast has first mastered the required skills of lesser

10

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Coaching

The content of all exercises must conform to the

value (A, B, C, and D). The gymnast should also be able to demonstrate proficiency over a wide range of skills prior to attempting these most difficult elements.

Further evid ence of the importance that the new Code places on clean performances is found articles 2125. These articles outline the specific deductions under Exercise Presentation. The Code is very specific, stating clear d efinitions for all deductions, especially Article 24.1: "All d eviations from the correct position are considered errors in execution and must be evaluated accordingly by the judges.

The amount of the d eduction for small, medium, or large errors is determined from the degree of d eviation from the correct position.

The same d eduction is taken each time for the same severity of bending, whether it be the arms, legs or the body."

This is one of the areas w here the judges' evaluation is critical in the development and encouragement of safe and appropriate skill performance. All too often, gymnas ts receive only a fraction of the possible deduction for poor or inadequate performance. Indirectly, this encourages the gymnast to continue to perform skills which are likely beyond his capability.

Bonus points should be considered the reward for the very best gymnasts. In the past, bonus points (ROV), were so blatantly misused, that they became nearly irrelevant in analyzing the final score of the best athletes, even though substantial content difference existed among performances. The new Code attempts to link the performance of more difficult elements w ith proper technical execution for the awarding of bonus points. According to Article 27.1: "Bonus points will be awarded only for exercises which contain at least one 0part. Thus bonus points serve exclusively as a means for a differentiation among the best and most difficult exercises. Valid here is that Article 16 is maintained-elements and connection are to be performed only with good technical execution."

TECHNIQUE May 1993

With the 1993-96 Code's increased emphaSiS on technical execution and safety it is easy to understand that, for the majority of our gymnasts, bonus points should be a long-term goal not short-term reality.

In addition, the USGF Gymnastics Safety Manual explains that: "Significant innovations in the design and construction of apparatus and mats by equipment manufacturers, as well as increased and upgraded educational training programs for teachers/coaches, have improved conditions immensely in the last 15 years, but at no time can we relinquish our vigilance in providing for the safety of the performers." (p. 1)

capabilities of the gymnast. The degree of difficulty of an exercise must never be escalated at the expense of correct form and technically correct execution. A

While we as coaches and teachers m ay have the knowled ge and background to train a variety of skills, we must never use that knowledge at the expense of the gymnast's well-being. The variety of safety pits and landing pads available today give the opportunity to safely and effectively teach skills which were only dreams a few yea rs ago. BUT, the gymnast still requires a good d eal of time, dedication, and repetitions in order to master these skills. Do not let the confidence and reckless abandon of "pit tumbling" impair your discretion for selecting appropriate competitive skills.

Conclusion The first few months in each quadrennium should be used as an educational period, not only for the coaches but also for the gymnasts. Remember that, "When one considers the variety of safety awareness factors, none is so critical as that of the preparation, training and education of the members of the coachingstaff." (Safety Manual, p . 5) Coaches must work very hard to interpret the changes in the code and encourage his or her gymnasts to strive for higher levels of performance. As a coach, use your gymnastics common sense and evaluate the best opportunities for improvement based on the Code and your gymnas ts' current abilities to perform safely and effectively. Finally, work within the limitations of your facility and technical knowled ge.

11

gymnast must be in full and complete control of his body. One of the most important concerns zn gymnastics are the prerequisites of safety, elegance and flexibility for an aesthetic performance.

BEAM PREPARATION 1.

When walking, the knees should be rotated outwards.

Christine encourages a lot of work on just walking on the beam with the hips central and the legs rotated outwards. rO rO rO

Posture and alignment The gymnast must be able to stand straight with good posture.

, o

~,

JI J Jll ~ Irl, /

If the hips move when the gymnast nll1s along the beam, then she will have problems. The hips must face forward along the beam all the time.

Here the gymnast (X) has poor turnout of the hips and is unable to walk forward without the hips twisting.

The following notes were taken from a lecture presented by Christine Still at the December 1988 British National Coaches Conference.

I

rO

I~

The feet should stretch as they come off the beam. The hips must still be kept straight.

f)

X

A,I

Mobility must be improved to prevent this. If the gymnast is very tight, she must work within her limits as the hips must be square if balance and stability on the beam are to be achieved.

The gymnast must be able to balance on the toes. She must not wobble and the ankles must stay straight. rO

I

~ 2.

Lying on the floor with the legs bent, the gymnast is able to get the whole of her back fla t on the floor. She should slowly extend the legs and still keep the middle of her back on the floor.

When she has achieved this position, she shou ld then reproduce this same feeling in her body when standing.

12

Landing for leaps When landing from a leap, the :51Jmnast should land /n demi plii! as shown. Get the gymnast to hold this shape without doing a leap. Make sure that the knee is pressed over the toes .

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Technique Pass through this movement while moving along the beam.

Travel to the end of the beam . Maintain correct posture and body shape throughout.

Next, progress this to a small leap and hold the landing position. Continue to step through to leap aga in. Be careful tha t the back foot extends immediately after leaving the beam.

3.

It is easier to leap with a

bend and then stretch of the front leg. This may be a more suitable technique for the gymnast. Both legs will be ben t before take-off, but as the push leg leaves the beam, it must be extended. The leap will not reach its fu ll potential if this is not so. In the air, both legs should be fully extended at the top of the leap. ,.{)

tl

--()

~~b-~ ~

II

{

((

;;?

Meg Warren Association of British Gymnastics Coaches Sherwood House, Hinckley Road Burbage, Leicester LE102AG

II

II-

Jumps First, get the gJpl1nast to go through plie pressing the heels down, and then pull up onto the toes.

4.

!~

o

% tl5

Move on to large leaps and accentuate the landing as before.

Christine suggested that the arms are held laterally throughou t to ensure that the shoulders are square.

Let's look at the technique of the leap.

Before the take-off, do not lift the front leg too high.

Then bend and jump in the same manner. The jump must be reproduced correctly each time. If you ask for the arms to be in one place, then you should expect them to be there! If the gymnast does not achieve the correct shape, then get her down from the beam to correct this problem.

to The front leg lifts higher as the back foot leaves the beam.

1 It

Have the gJjm nast try to see the beam without dropping her head. This is more difficult if the jump is performed close to the end of

TECHNIQUE May 1993

13

front foot are tied together with string. When the arms move, so does the front foot .

the beam; but if pelformed in the middle, the eyes can easily see the end with the head upright .

'0,

t~

10 ..

~\

~

.........................

When on the hands in a handstand, the back must be flat to show a handstand and legs in split. Get the gymnast to spot the beam to come to the classic lunge landing position .

=========~ 5.

Agilitt} landings

Check the final position that the gym nast can leap into before the hips twist or the back leg bends.

Beam Preparation

to

J

to

,

~

•

f\~ J\ /J\\~

-J-=

-<=...--

Make sure that the gtjll1l1ast is strong in the legs as well as supple (flexible). Have the gtjll1nast lift her leg off a high platform (beam or box).

Once this position has been found , have the gymnast flex the front leg to come to lu nge position. This is the landing position . The gymnast must learn this position before the cartwheel, the back walkover and before the handstand on beam.

Kicking to handstand

14

D

II[

'I \_

I/o

If the head is lifted too high when in a handstand, the shoulders will be forward and not extended.

When kicking to a handstand, the back should flatten ear/yo

7.

Imagine that the hands and

rO

,~

Kick to handstand, step down to lunge landing position. Practice this frequently. Have the gymnast watch the first landing foot as it arrives on the beam.

6.

- y'"

Back handspring (FF)

Ha ve the gymnast do the FF on the floor, stopping in handstand .

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Technique ~ X

Half turn. Step into position shown below. Hold it, step and then step into this position again . This body position must be venj precise with the toes just touching the shin.

(I

~ If the gtjmnast is too arched, she will have problems getting her feet onto the beam.

1[P>

~

When preparing for the back handspring, the gtjmnast must have tension in the leg muscles.

Have her sit on the floor with the legs tight. The gtjlnnast should do the back handspring with the same feeling .

Next, progress to step into a half turn . Keep on the toes.

Fina lly, develop this into a 1/1 turn . (The gtjmnast will need a little more push-off from the back leg). Note the position (X) below encourages an arched back. It is better for gtjlnnasts do develop the turn in pique or passe position ('1/).

0\

f~

CA

=-t

On the FF landing, make sure tha t the back leg is over the beam. Do not bring the leg down too fast. ___ :7"

This article is reprinted by permission from the Association of British Gymnastics Coaches News letter, June, 1989,pp.1-5.

~-/ ~" x \\

\\

"'L

When doing two back handsprings in series, the gtjlnnast brings the back foot in close and ready to go into the 2nd.

Turns Half Pivot. The gtjmnast should feel her shoulders going backwards to initiate the turn; rather than the shoulders going across to initiate the turn . (This would give an inward appearance) .

8.

p ~\

If

\f

9.

0

~

r/\ 1/

,,\

rO

I

ÂŤ\ ~

J),

TECHNIQUE May 1993

J)

0\

(j;,

A

f

/1\\ /

Footnote from Meg Warren You may think that the above is a little long winded just to train a few leaps, turns, and back handsprings.

I should point out that Christine Still has coached perhaps some of the best beam workers in Britain her gtjmnasts have straight legs in layout saitos, work on their toes and have legs in splits and beyond.

X

11

15

CLUB RIsK

MANAGEMENT COMMI'IwI'EE

Some risk is inherent in any sport su ch as gymnastics w hich involves height, r o ta tion, a pp ara tus

B. van der Smissen (1 990) has identified four general categories into w hich all risks may be placed: 1) p ro perty exp osures; 2) public liability (excluding negligence in program services); 3) public liability â&#x20AC;˘ (negligence in program services); and 4) business op era ti o ns . Do y ice J. Cotten (1993) suggests that one positive outcome of this committee should be the development of a Risk Managem ent Manual for all employees at all levels for the establishment and implementation of safety policies.

OOPS'

Steve Whitlock Director of Educational Services a nd Safety

d entsdynamics. happen and inand Accijuries occur. The prim ary purpose of the U.s. Gymnas tics Federation Safety Certification Program is simple-to reduce the number of accidents and minimize the incidence and severity of injuries to athletes, coaches and sp ectators. The USGF safety program encourages the d evelopment of safety awa reness in the planning and conduct of gymnastics p rograms and activities.

Another objective includes reducing the club's exposure to legal liability.

USA Gymnas tics believes that it is a good idea for gymnastics clubs to fo rm a Safety or Risk Management Committee to evaluate and d evelop a plan of operational p roced ures regarding programs, p olicies, procedures, and practices. In the simplest fo rm, this committee might consist of an assigned "Risk Manager" su ch as the Gym Owner and additional members such as the Program Director or Head Coach . This basic group could be exp anded to include other members such as a parent's club represen ta tive, an insurance sp ecialist/ ad visor, a legal ad visor, a m edical and /or certified trainer ad visor, and p erhaps even an athlete rep resenta tive.

Risk management has been d efined as "the formal process of assessing exposure to risk and taking whatever action is necessary to m inimize its impac t. " (National Association of Independ ent Schools, 1988) Most gymnastics clubs work hard to d evelop good relationships w ithin their communities-it is likely that they could easily d raw upon these relationships to identify willing volunteers to serve on your risk management committee.

Gymnastics clubs have p roven themselves to be good event organizers. If a club plans to conduct a major gymnas tics competition su ch as a state or regional meet, they have time and again d emonstrated their ability to coordinate and organize committees fo r event sponsorshi p, competition organization, compute) scoring, concessions, judges' hospitality, program sales, and theme d ecorations. The p oint here is that a Safety and Risk Management Committee should be an integral part of these efforts. Shouldn 't sa fety be a higher priority than cookie sales?

USA Gymnastics injury d ata and follow-up competition reports fr om sa nctioned com petitions su ggest that prior attention to safety concerns might have reduced or eliminated problems and potential risk situations. For example, USA Gymnas tics has received reports w here spectators were sea ted uncomforta bly close to the competition area, traffic flow was not pre-planned which resulted in gymnasts or specta tors actuall y walking through the competiti ve area w hile a gymnas t was performing. Over-crowding existed because there was no consideration to handle unexp ected numbers of sp ectators, or emergency fi rst aid services were imp eded due to obstructed entrances or crowded p arking

The club's Risk Ma nage ment Committee sh ould m ee t regularl y-p erh a ps once each month. Besides d eveloping long ra nge plans fo r safet y, the committee would evalu ate pas t programs, make suggestions for future progra ms, examine injury pa tterns within the club's history, and serve as a general ad voca te fo r safety.

16

May 1993 TECH NIQUE

Safety

lots. One of the duties of the Risk Management Committee would be to evaluate important safety considerations prior to the competition event and establish a management plan.

The parachutist and the pilot clearly understand and appreciate the importance of proper personal equipment adjustment and d esire (or insist) that they play an active part in determining that all is "A-OK." In our gymnastics competitions, I would refer to my notes when setting the bars for each athlete; ask the gymnast for a verbal confirmation of the setting; and finally I'd personally check it one more time. At competitions in a gym facility with unfamiliar equipment, we found it helpful to write each gymnast's bar settings on the back of her hand so that it wouldn't be forgotten in the rush of timed warm-ups. The point is that the gymnast and I had established a prior plan of action and responsibility to ensure that we were both comfortable and confident in the apparatus and mat settings. Did we ever screw up? Yes-but, this was usually a result of

On a more d ay-to-day gym club operation basis, USA Gymnastics data suggests that many injuries that occur might be avoided if greater attention is given to the establishment and follow-through of basic safety rules and policies. For example, one athlete was recently injured when attempting to adjusting the height of the low bar without the help of her coach. The parents complained that their daugher was not given specific

•

• •

• •

•

instruction on the correct procedures for adjusting the uneven bar height. It should be standard operating procedure that all recreation class and team level gymnasts are given instruction in the proper adjustment of all gymnastics apparatus and guidelines as to when the students should seek assistance from the coach.

USA Gymnastics has also observed instances where, during the hectic pressure of a competition, a gymnast was injured and later claimed -that "my coach d id not set the equipment at my personal proper adjustment. " These situations are often somew ha t controversial as to where responsibility should be placed . However, establishment of a consistent plan suggested by the Risk Management Committee can be helpful.

When I was coaching competitive gymnastics teams at my club in Michigan, I attempted to make it clearly understood and appreciated by my gymnasts, that they had a participatory responsibility to observe and "OK" their bar settings and landing mat placement. In discussions and pre-meet practice competitions with the athletes, to emphasize this point with my gymnasts, I likened the situation to parachuting where the individual who jumps out of an airplane always wants to be the one who packs his/ her own parachute, or the airplane pilot w ho does a final "walk-around" the plane and then goes through a final check-list before take-off.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

•

•

• •

•

•

•

•

USA Gymnastics data suggests that many injuries that occur might be avoided if grea ter attention is given to the establishment and follow up of basic safety rules and policies.

one or both of us failing to follow our plan.

As stated at the beginning of this article, accidents happen and injuries occur-however, through the establishment of an active club Safety and Risk Management Committee, the number of occurrences and severity of gymnastics injuries CAN be significant! y red uced to make gymnastics a safer sport and permit the gymnasts and spectators to enjoy the multitude of positive physical, motivational, artistic, and social benefits of "the most beautiful sport in the world."

References Cotten, D.]. (1993). Risk management-a tool for red ucing exposure to legal liability. JOPERD, 58-61.

George, G. (1990). USGF Gymnastics Safety Manua l, 2nd edition. USGF Publications, Indianapolis, IN. National Association of Independent Schools. (1988).

Risk mal1agement for schools. Boston:Au thor. van der Smissen, B. (1990) Lega l liability al1d risk managemel1t for pllblic al1d private entities. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co.

17

A

: lHEFAOS • HOSTCrTY Atlanta, Georgia

• CONGRESS DATES. .p •

1993 USA GYMNASTICS ATlANTA ATTRAcnONS When not attending Congress sessions, participants may want to enjoy some of Atlanta's other attractions. Some sites: • STONE MOUNTAIN MEMORIAL PARK: A 3,200-acre park surrounding the base of the largest mass of exposed granite in the Western Hemisphere. It's 16 miles east of d owntown.

• UNDERGROUND ATLANTA: This commercial area situated in an old sub-level train depot has been visited by more than 10 million visitors.

• GEORGIA STATE CAPITOL: Completed in 1889, the dome is 23-karat gold, mined and brought from Dahlonega, Ga., by horse-drawn wagon train.

• ZOO ATLANTA: In Grant Park, Atlanta's oldest.

(ONGtliSS (OS1S

TARGmD SEMINARS SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUR NEEDS Women's sessions • Men's sessions • Rhythmic sessions • BUSiness/Management • Preschool/developmental • Sport's science •

1993 USA CONGRESS

efs \>fo'eSS\ono\ Memb Early Registration ttelei'led ~tiot \0 l\u9· \) S\1S late Registration ttelei'led n"et l\u9· \ ) S\5l) ~on_membefs

S1\l) Fill out registration form on next page.

BE A PART OF THE EXCITEMENT • Learn innovative and tested TRAINING TECHNIQUES from top coaches and former Olympians ...

• Hear the latest in SPORTS SCIENCE advances from leading experts...

• See hundreds of new GYMNASTICS PRODUCTS and the latest equipment.. .

• Visit Atlanta's fabulous UNDERGROUND AND PEACHTREE CENTER next door. ..

• Enjoy the PERFORMANCES of the rhythmic athletes at the WORLD TEAM TRIALS ...

• Gather with FRIENDS at the annual BANQUET ...

• Benefit by NETWORKING AND SHARING ideas with other coaches, gym owners, program ad ministra tors, and judges ...

18

re-congress sessIOns September 8-9, 1993 Congress Sessions September 9-12, 1993

• • CONGRESS HOTEL • • • HOTEL RATES • • • • GROUND TRANSPORTATION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Atlanta Marriott Marquis 265 Peachtree Ctr. Ave. Atlanta, GA 30303 404-521-0000

Single/ double $ 99 Triple/ quad $119 Reservation cut-off date is August 19,1993.

Hotel Parking: $12/day MARTA (Metropolitan Atlan ta Rapid Transit Au thority):

$1.25 one way from Hartsfield Airport to the station in Peachtree Center (which connects to the hotel via covered wa lkway)

Official Car Rental Agency: Budget Rent a Car of Atlanta Contact: Melanie Parkins 404-530-3000 (call collect) Atlanta Airport Shuttle: You will receive a $2 discount coupon for round trip service upon registering for Congress. Round trip shuttle is $12 with discount coupon. One way from airport to hotel is $8 and the $2 discount coupon will not apply.

THE AnANTA MARRIOTT MARQUIS Located in the heart of downtown Atlanta's prestigious Peachtree Center, the Marriott Marquis is the most magnificent hotel in the South.

Designed by world-renowned archltect, John Portman, the Marquis features a soaring 50 story interior atrium, glass enclosed bubble elevators and an abundance of greenery and works of art.

Whatever your pleasure, the Marquis offers something for everyone. Fresh seafood at Pompano's, tangy Mexican at La Fuente, sumptuous buffets at The Arbors and international fare at The Atrium Cafe. Champagne by the glass at the elegant Lobby Lounge, live entertainment at The Garden Lounge, breathtaking views from The Grandstand and award winning Champion's Sports Bar. You can unwind in the hotel's indoor / outdoor pool, work out in the fullyequipped health club, take a sauna or even get a good rub down. You can also go on a shopping spree at the hotel's special collection of very specialized Garden Level shops.

The Marquis is just 20 minutes north of Hartsfield International Airport and a marble covered walkway from Peachtree Center, where Atlanta's MARTA Rapid Rail line can whisk you to many of the area's famous attractions.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

SEPTEMBER

9-12,1993

•

ATLANTA,

GEORGIA

A

CONGRESS COSTS Fee includes:

1993 GRESS USA GYMNASTICS

• 1 Credential for entrance to regular Congress sessions, master clinics, and demonstrations on Thursday afternoon through Saturday. And ...

1993 PRE-REGISTRATION FORM Complete one form per person-please photocopy form for additional registrations.

Name ___________________________________________________ Social Security No. ___________________________________________ Exp. Date _____________

USGF Pro # _______________________

Mailing Address ____________________________________________ City ________________________

State _______

Zip ___________

Name of Club Program _______________________________________ Day Phone __________________

Night Phone ___________________

Check (.I) appropriate: Program: Title:

0 0

Men's Program

Club Owner

0

0 Coach

o

Women's Program 0

Administrator

Rhythmic Program

o

Judge

Minimum age for Congress registration is 16 years.

PAYMENT $_ _ _ _ _----l

1 1 -

Charge to: 0 Visa

• 1 Ticket to the annual USGF Banquet. (Additional Banquet tickets for spouses / guests are $40 each-available at registration.)

• 1 Ticket to the Rhythmic World Team Trials (Additional tickets will be available on site.)

Note: You must register separately for the PDP Coaching Accreditation courses, Safety Certification course/exam, Skill Evaluators exam, etc. Forms will be available beginning with the June issue of Technique magazine.

CANCEllATIONS:

Make check/money order payable to: USA Gymnastics Amount Enclosed

• Free entrance to the Exhibit Hall featuring the industry's finest products. (Additional day passes into the Exhibit Hall are $5.00 each.)

0 MasterCard

Card No. ___________________________ Exp. Date _ _ _ __ Signature ( req llired) _____________________

Registration is non-refundable after August 15, 1993 NO EXCEPTIONS No Pre-registrations after August 20, 1993 After August 20, you must register "on-site."

T593

TECHNIQUE May 1993

19

Congres-s

TENTATIVE 1993

CONGRESS SCHEDULE revised 4112 Atlanta, GA 9/8

Wednesday

9/9

Thursday

Congress Registration Booth open USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 1, Part 2 USGF / ACEP Sport Science 13.5-hr. LTS Course, Part 2 PDP Level I grandparent course Exhibit Hall open Congress session 1 (1:15) Congress session 2 (1:15) Congress session 3 (1:15) Congress session 4 (1:15) USGF Safety Certification course and exam Special Group meeting and certifications (Skill Evaluators) Special Group meetings Congress Registration Booth open Exhibit Hall open Congress session 5 (1:00) Congress session 6 (1:15) Congress session 7 (1:15) Lunch and visit Exhibit Hall Congress session 8 (1:15) Congress session 9 (1:15) Congress session 10 (1:15) Special Group meetings USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 2, Part 1

9/11 Saturday

7:00 am- 9:00 am 7:30 am-12 :30 pm 10:00 am- 3:00 pm 8:45 am-l0:00 am 10:15 am-11:30 am 11:30 pm- 1:00 pm 1:00 pm- 2:15 pm 2:30 pm- 3:45 pm 4:00 pm- 5:15 pm 6:15 pm- 7:15 pm 7:30 pm- 9:30 pm 9:30 pm- 1:00 am

Special Group meetings Congress Registration Booth open Exhibit Hall open Congress session 11 & Sport Science Symposium (1:15) Congress session 12 & Sport Science Symposium (1:15) Lunch and visit Exhibit Hall Congress session 13 & Sport Science Symposium (1:15) Congress session 14 & Sport Science Symposium (1:15) Regional meetings USA Gymnastics A wards Reception USA Gymnastics Banquet Dance

9/12 Sunday

9:00 am-12:30 pm 9:00 am- 3:00 pm 9:30 am-II :30 AM 10:30 pm- 2:30 pm 1:00 pm- 4:00 pm

Special Group meetings USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 2, Part 2 Meet Director's Course and exam USGF Safety Certification course and exam USA Gymnastics Rh ythmic World Team Tria ls

9/10 Friday

20

Congress Registration Booth open USGF/ ACEP Sport Science 13.5-hr. LTS Course, Part 1 USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 1, Part 1

7:00 am- 9:00 pm 8:30 am-II :30 am 8:30 am- 1:30 pm 9:00 am-II :30 am 12:00 noon-6:00 pm 12:30 pm- 1:45 pm 2:30 pm- 3:15 pm 3:30 pm- 4:45 pm 5:00 pm- 6:15 pm 5:00 pm- 9:00 pm 6:00 pm-l0:00 pm 7:00 am- 9:00 am 7:00 am- 9:00 pm 11 :00 am- 7:00 pm 8:45 am- 9:45 am 10:00 am-11:15 am 11:30 am-12:30 pm 12:30 pm- 2:00 pm 2:00 pm- 3:15 pm 3:30 pm- 4:45 pm 5:00 pm- 6:15 pm 6:00 pm-lO:OO pm 7:00 pm-lO:OO pm

While, it is too early to offer a complete schedule, the following might be helpful in your general planning.

7:30 am- 9:00 pm 8:30 am- 9:00 pm 3:00 pm- 9:00 pm

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

THE TESTIMONY.

THE TEST. The results are coming in. And the Alpha Factor Aerials program is taking pro shops by storm in every corner of the country.

Schools and clubs everywhere are giving us high marks for turning a corner of the gym into a dynamic profit center.

If you already operate a pro shop, it's time to put Alpha Factor Aerials to the test. Our leotards, shirts, and pants are all made with the same durability and legendary craftsmanship of our competitive wear. But with hot prints, fresh styles, and unbeatable price points to outsell those old consignment goods every time.

If you haven't started your pro shop yet, we'll show you how to effectively use our bold displays, posters, and proven merchan-...... dising and marketing system that keeps your best sellers in stock. Just write to us on your school or club letterhead, and we'll send you our free brochure.

Alpha Factor Aerials. We're up to the test.

Alpha Factor@

Alpha Factor

333 East Seventh Avenue P.O. Box 709 â&#x20AC;˘ York, PA 17405-0709 Phone (717) 852-6920 or 1-800-8ALPHA8

Š 1992 Tighe Indu stries, Inc.

~

AerialsTM

Member: United States Gymnastics Suppli ers Association

I EDUCATIONAL

MATERIALS I

PuBLICATIONS Use the order form on page 2 to order an,y of these publications.

Coaching Coachillg YOIlIlg Athletes (1981 , Martens, paper, 200 pp) • This book introduces and explains the basics of coaching philosophy, sport psychology, tea ching sport skill s, sport physiology, sports medicine and parent mana gement. #13 $22.00 SeqJ/ent ial Gymuas tics II: The Illstructor'sGJ/ide(1992; Hacker etal, 108 pp) • Used in conjuncti on with USA Gymnasti cs PDP Level I Coach Accred itati on, this book is designed specifically for the gymnastics teacher to provide basic gy mnasti cs skill progres#3604 $13.00 sions.

Rookie Conches GYlllllnstics Guide (1992, USGF / ACEr, paper, 80 pp) • A combination of coaching advice and gymnastics information for th e entry-level gy mnastics coach. Thi s book is one of the required texts for USA Gymnasti cs PDP Levell Coaching Accreditation. #3608 58.95

Competitive Men FIG Code of Poillts (1992-96, FIG, paper) • The offici al international competiti ve gui deline book \·vi th skill difficulty ratings. #1201 $39.95 JUlliorOIYlllpic Progralll- JOPC (1992, USA Gymnastics, 3-ring binder, 130 pp) • Includes graded levels of compulsory exerci ses as well as mod ified o ptionals. Competitions are conducted at the local, sta te, regional, and national levels. #1202 $29.95 Olympic Development Progralll- ODP (1992, USA Gymnastics, paper, 41 pp) • This skill s testing program is designed to identify talented and promising gymnasts as well as for th e educati on and training of the coaches. #60 57.50

Competitive Rhythmic

The jl/mp Rope Primer Video (1 991, 1/ 2" VHS) • Video demonstrations of all the jump rope techniques included in the boo k, making them #3625 $49.95 easy to und erstand and teach.

Gymnastics I Can Do Gymnastics: Essential Skills fo r Intermediate GY"lllnsts (1 993, Hacker, et al. paper, 179 pp, Masters Press) • The sequel to I Call Do GYlllllastics: Esselilial Skills for Beginner GYlllllasts. Intermedia te skills for tumbling, va ulting, beam and low bar. The" Advanced Supplement" provides the instructor w ith sugges tions for skill development on uneven bars, parallel bars, rings, and pommel horse as well as more advanced tumbling skills. Great for recrea tion classes! #3600 $14.95

NEW

Artistic Gymnastics: A Comprehensive Guide to Performing alld Teachillg Skills for Begillllersalld Aduallced Begitillers (1 991, Turoff, paper, 41 3 pp) . All of the skill s covered in this text are A-level or easier. Each skill is presented with a descri ption of how it should be performed, a short list of common problems, and teaching suggestions. Covers men's and women's events. #50 $21.95 Creatillg Gynlllasfics Pyramids and Bala1/ces (1989, Fodero & Furblur, spiral, 120 pp) • Pyramid building is safe and fun with the thorough instru ctions and guidelines found in thi s guid e. Choose from 268 ca refully illustrated and explained formations. #3614 $18.00 Dance Choreography for Competitive Gymnastics (1 990, Gu la, paper, 176 pp) • Focuses on how dance techniques can, and should , be applied to the training of gymnasts. The book helps the reader use combinati ons of dance steps to crea te complete choreographed sequences for floor and bea m. #3628 $21.00

Posters Bill of Rights for YOl/lIg Atiltetes (1 984, AAHPERD) • Lists 12 importa nt rights of a lhletes. #3603 $5.00 5nfety Poster #1: Safety Gllide/illes (USA Gym nastics) #6101 $5.00 Safety Poster #2: Responsibilities of the Gymnast (USA Gymnastics) #6102 $5.00 Safety Poster #3: Mnt Snfety (USA Gymnastics) #6101 $5.00

Safety Poster #4: Snfety First! (USA Gymnastics) #6101

$5.00

Sport Psychology Adv",lces ill Sport Psychology (1992, Willis & Campbell, cloth, 272 pp) • Text providing broad coverage of resea rch, th eory and practical a pplica tions in exercise psychology. Real-life scenarios help readers und erstand how to apply th eoretical models and research in the fitness setting. #3617 542.00 III Pursuit of Excellence: How to Wi,l iu Sport aud Life Through Mental Trail/illg (1990, O rlick, paper, 208 pp) • Tex t covering basic sport psychology techniqu es of concentration, winning, losing, and competing successfully. #14 514.95 Milldset for Willl/illg (Curtis) • This coaching system is designed to improve the mental prepara tion of athletes. It is an entire mental training program which includes: coaching manual; athl ete's log; cassette, and VHS tape. #3603 $69.95

Sport Science

FIG Code of Poillts (1 992-96, FIG, bind er, 213pp) • The official internalional competitive guid eline boo k with skill difficulty ratings. #1301 539.95

Dallce Workout: 1-5 (1992, USA Gymnastics, spira l, 46 pp) • Educati onal program designed specifically for the developmental gymnast. The entire program is al so available on 1f2" VHS. #2170 515.00

Ergogell ic Aids ill Sport (1 983, Williams, doth, 386 pp) • The aids a re grouped into 5 ca tegories: nutritional, pharmacological, physiological, psychological, and mechanica l. #19 $28.95

Competitive Women

Dance Traillillg for Gymnastics (1 988, Pica, cloth, 160 pp) • For gymnasts, coaches and dance instru ctors. Purpose: to d efin e the role of da nce in gy mnas tics. #3629 525.00

Compl/ /sory Text (1992-96, USA Gymnastics, 3-ring binder, 203 pp) • USG F Junior Ol ympic Compulsory Program, Levels 1-4, 5-7 a nd #1111 524.95 10. USGF Pro-member price: FIG Code of Poillts (1992-96, FIG, binder, XX pp) • The official interna tiona l competitive guide line book with skill difficulty rat#1101 539.95 ings.

Livillg AllntolllY (1990, Donnelly, spiral, 23 1 pp) • Designed for physical education teachers, coaches and / or trainers. Lea rn abo ut the huma n bod y in a manner that is applicable to the daily activities of you r field. #16 519.50

Gymnastics: A Gllide for Parentsa ud Atlifetes (1 992, Feeney, paper, 171 pp) - An excellent book for begi nners as well as experienced gymna sts. Contains informa tion to guid e parents and athletes in choosing a gymnastics program that "viii best suit their needs.

Provides pertinent information on safety, conditioning, a nd the #3612 $15.00 guidlines of the sport.

Physiology of Fitlless (1990, Sharkey, paper, 432 pp) • An up-to-date guide to the prescription of exercise for health, fitness & performance. The book is di vided into 5 parts: aerobic fitness, muscular fitness, fitness & weight. control, fitness & hea lth, and fitness & li fes tyle. #12 $17.95

Elementary & Preschool

HealthJFitness

Make the Team: Gyulll fls tics for Girls (1991 , Whitlock, paper, 127 pp, Sports Illustrat ed fo r Kid s: Little, Brow n and Co.) • Desig ned for young girls ex pressi ng interest in gymn as tics, this book includes tips, ad vice, illustrati ons, a nd more to help them get started in a sport that is great fu n a nd great exercise. #3630 55.95

NEW

Des iglll'llg Preschool Movement Programs (1992, Sand ers, pa per, 152

pp) • Both a d etai led guide fo r developing a preschool/ movement curriculum and a resource containing developmentall y appropriate movement act ivities. #3626 516.00 Developmelltnl GY"lHnstics (1 990, O'Quinn, paper, 218 pp) . Gymnasti cs movement education program for kindergarden th rough 3rd grade. #3605 519.95 Fitness F1I1I:85 Gamesnlld Activities /orChildrm (1992; Foster, Hartinger & Smith; paper; 112 pp) • Provides children with un ique and enjoyable ac ti vities tha t consider mu scular strength, mu scula r endurance, nexibility, and card iorespiratory fitness. Great for K8. #3601 $12.00 Grent Gnllles for YOIlIlg Peopte (1991; Gutafson, Wolfe & King; paper; 152 pp) • Contain s 60 field-tested ga mes and relays for upper elementary through hi gh sc hoo l. Included: compl ete descriptions, ga me diagra ms,suggestionsformodifications,equipmentneeded , and sa fety tips. #3623 512.00 I C(lII Do GYl1lllastics: Esselltial Skills for Begilllling Gymnasts (1992, Hackere t at paper, 139) • This is the stud en t version of Sequen tial Gymllastics ll. Full y illustrated gymnasti cs movement sequences activities: Learn to fa ll, Ac ross the floor, Over th e va ult, On the beam, Around the bars, Rh ythmic skill s. #3611 513.00 Movement Activities for Early Childhood (1992, Totsky-Hammett, paper, 152 pp) • 100+ chil d- tested movemen t act ivities that make learning new skills fun fo r preschoolers. Four movement areas: loco motor, ball-handling, gynmastics skill s, and rh ythmi c acti vities. #3622 $15.00 The JlI1l1p Rope Primer (1991 , Solis & Bud ri s, spi ral, 104 pp) • Part I is an introducti on to rope jumping; Part II contains over 175 illust rations of specific skill s; and Pa rt III provides an 8-lesson unit from the basic 2-foot jump to Double Dutch. #3624 $15.00

22

Fitness Leaders Halldbook (1 989, Franks & HO\vley, paper, 276 pp) • For exerci se leaders with little formal training but whoare responsible for leading safe and effecti ve fi tness classes. Includes: evaluation, practical compe tencies, forms, helpful hint s, injury preven#3619 $19.00 tion stra tegies, and mu ch more.

Mnrketillg Henlth/Fitlless Services (1 989, Gerson, cloth, 136 pp) • A marketing guid e showing ho w to enhance the business side of an operation and achieve op timal profit with minimal financia l risk.

It takes the readers step-by-step through wri ting and implementing a marketing/business plan. #3616 $21.00 Ropics: The Next Ju mp Fonllard ill Fitness (1992, pa per, 168 pp) • A great fitness program for all. Includes 34 basic to ad vanced rope #3621 $12.95 techniqu es and va ri ati ons.

SCI/iors 011 the Move (1986, Rikkers, spiral, 256 pp) • Selec ted exercises and health / fitness program for seniors. #3620 $26.00

Nutrition He/pillg Athletes witli Eating Disorders (1993, Thompson and Sherman, cloth, 208 pp, Human Kinetics) • This p ractical guid e explains how sports medicine specialists, sport psychologists, sports nutriti onists, and coaches ca n identi fy, manage, and prevent the three major ea ting disord ers in athletes: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and ea ting disorder not otherwise specifi ed. #3631 $25.00

NEW

Conches GllidetoNlltritiOllalld Weigllt Con trol (1990, Eisenman , paper, 192 pp). A practical guid e to sports nutrition which translates th e sciences of physiology, biochemistry and nutrition into easil y applied information. Includes an excellent chapter on the signs of ea ting di sord ers. #17 $22.00

Toward an Understanding of Human Performallce (1980, Burke, paper, 3 11 pp) • Readi ngs in exercise physiology for the coach and a thlete. #18 521.00

Sports (General) Dnre to Dren lll (1992, Daggett, cloth, 235 pp) • Tim Daggett's own account of his pursuit of a gy mna stics drea m. A positive, moti vat#3615 $18.00 ing and inspiring story.

Portrait of nil Atiltete (1 992, Durbin, paper, 88 pp) • This book emphasizes the ideals th at make athletes successful in both sports and life. It features advice, motiva tion, and va lu es that help young people understand what athletics can mean to th eir future. #3627 58.95

Strength/Conditioning Mell 's 1993 COllditionillg Program - (1993; Sands, et al; paper, approx. 25 pp, USG F Publica ti ons) • A comprehensive condition ing plan designed for the demands of men's gy mnasti cs. The components of the plan include the Calisthenic Strength Progra m, the Flexibility Program, and Injury Preventi on Exercises. Periodi zation cha rts and illustrations of all of th e exe rcises a re included. #3632 $6.00

NEW

Development of the COllditiolling Factors ill Elite Gymllastics (1989, Hullner, paper, 51 pp). This booklet was originall y developed for the men's event s, but a lso ha s broad applicability to th e women's #1212 $16.00 events.

The Fifth Evellt - (1992;Sands, et a l; paper, 42 pp) • A comprehensive conditioning plan designed for th e demands of women 's gy mna stics. The compo nents of th e plan include the Calistheni c Strengt h Program, the Flexibility Program, and Injury Prevention Exercises. #3613 512.50

Sport (General)

StrengthIPower

joy and Sadness ill Ch ildrell's Sports (1978, Martens, paper, 376 pp).

36 articles based upo n pertinence, succinctness & quality of wri ting. The book emphasizes the joy of sports, but also exa mines those eve nts that create sad ness. #15 $19.95

jllmpillg ill to Plyometrics (1992, Chu, paper, 88 pp) • How to develop a sa fe plyometri c training program. Features 90 fully illustrated exa mpl e plyometric exe rci ses. #3618 $12.95

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Sports Medicine

SHOULDER COMPLEX:

BlOMECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS

G

ymnastics has long been regarded

as

a

well-rounded, Glenohumeral

developmental activity,

Joint

positively entrenched in a

Scapula

variety of movement patterns for the entire body.

Increases

William L. Cornelius, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Education University of North

Humerus

in

muscular strength and

Texas

endurance, flexibility, neuromuscular coordination, agility, and

TIlE SHOULDER COMPLEX

kinesthetic awareness are gymnastic participation. It may be that

Shoulder Complex Relationships

gymnastics

Shoulder complex defined

a few of the examples derived from provides

a

special

contribution to the development of the shoulder complex. This contribution is particularly relevant in societies where life styles, and most of the sports activities offered to youth, do not produce adequate shoulder development. The lack of upper body development is particularly applicable to the American society.

Improved athletic performance, and the opportunity to impact on needed upper body development, cannot be fully realized unless the gymnastic community understands the biomechanical relationships between parts of the shoulder

The shoulder complex is made up of a combination of the shoulder joint and the shoulder girdle. A shoulder joint is the articulation between the humerus and the glenoid fossa (glenohumeral joint). The shoulder girdle consists of the clavicle, scapula, and related ar ticulations. Normal interplay between parts of the shoulder complex provide an important key to successful performance.

Interplay of action Analyzing relationships between the articulations of the shoulder complex is probably the most challengingstudy of the musculoskeletal structure (Engin, 1980).

Effective relationships between the shoulder girdle and shoulder joint provide a compatible interplay of action.

A primary outcome is the alignment of the glenoid fossa in an auspicious position for moving the humerus during gymnastic skills. A 2:1 displacement ratio, between the humerus and scapu la, is considered to be a favora ble interplay (Arnheim and Prentice, 1993; Kreighbaum and Barthels, 1990). An example of the interplay can be applied to performing a swing in the long hang to a kip on the uneven bars or horizontal bar

complex.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

23

events. The humerus flexes at the shoulder joint to a position overhead when swinging forSubscapularis ward in a long hang. The glenoid fossa must be in a favorable position; therefore, the scapula upwardly rotates to accommodate this interplay between the humerus and scapula. Without scapula upward rotation, the humerus will be unable to reach a technically correct position during the forward swing. The ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLE humerus is then extended approximately 170 degrees, from the long hang to a front support, and the scapula firm base upon which the bony segment can be macooperates by rotating downward about 85 degrees. nipulated (Kreighbaum and Barthels, 1990). For example, there are a number of gymnastic skills requiring The initiator shoulder joint flexion, similar to that required in perShoulder girdle movements precede humerus forming a pushup from a prone lying position on the manipulation in many gymnastic skills. This pro- floor into a front support. The gymnast would manipuvides a stable base upon which the humerus is able late the body as the resistance. This requires that the to perform, particularly when the humerus acts scapula initiate the action by abducting. The purpose of against resistance. A number of muscles that move this initial shoulder girdle action is to prevent scapula the humerus originate on the scapula; therefore, the adduction caused by the reaction force of the floor. scapula must be stabilized. Scapula movers cooper- Consequently, the stable base of the scapula provides ate by initiating movement as the humerus prepares necessary cooperation essential in facilitating moveto be manipulated. The stable base (scapula) ini- ments of the humerus. tiates the gymnastic maneuver by moving in the same direction as the body segment (humerus) to be relocated. This principle is relied upon to create a

The shoulder complex can be particularly well suited for gymnastic activities.

Anatomical design allows high levels of joint range of motion (ROM) at the

Joint Range of

Motion and

shoulder joint, permitting virtuosity in performance.

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

....---"'-7'---lnrraspinatus

Teres Minor

24

Stability The shoulder complex can be particularly well suited for gymnastic activities. Anatomical design allows high levels of joint range of motion (ROM) at the shoulder joint, permitting virtuosity in performance. However, high ROM is not necessarily accompanied by the same level of stability. A lower level of stability in this complex occurs because of the nature of the bony articula tions and ligaments. For example, weak stability is present at the shoulder joint with a shallow glenoid fossa and limited ligamentous contributions.

It is essential to strengthen the muscles of the shoulder complex in order to increase joint stability. The shoulder comp lex must rely on mu scula r strength to provide grea ter stabilizing vector magnitudes from muscle force

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Sports Medicine

resultants. Consequently, rotator cuff muscles are of particular importance in maintaining shoulder joint integrity.

Force couple cooperation Three of the ro ta tor cuff muscles (subscapularis, infraspinatus, and Supraspinatus teres minor) cooperate with the m eSubscapularis dial deltoid during abduction of the humerus. This functional unit acts Infraspinatus as a force couple in this manipulation. These rotator cuff muscles act Teres Minor to keep the head of the humerus off the scapula (acro mion p rocess) w hen the med ial d eltoid pulls on the humerus. The medial d eltoid is primarily a shoulder joint stabilizer when the arm is positioned in the anatomica l position (at sides of bod y). The resolution of the medial ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES d eltoid resultant force d em onstrates, therefore, a large stabilizing and a small angular force component, during humerus References abduction, from a point at or near the anatomical Arnheim, D.O., & Prentice, W.E. (1993). Principles of athletic position. The supraspinatus becomes the primary ab- training (8th ed .). St. Louis: Mosby Yea r Book. ductor when the humerus is displaced 60 d egrees from Engin, A.E. (1980). On the biomechanics of the shoulder the anatomical position. The stabilizing effect pro- complex. Journa l of Biomechanics, 13(7), 575-590. duced by the medial deltoid is appropriately neutral- Kreighbaum, K., & Barthels, K. M. (1990). Biomechanics: a ized by the three rotator cuff muscles because of their qualitative approach for studying human movement (3rd ed .). inward and downward line of pull on the humeral New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. head. Consequently, proper shoulder joint integrity is maintained because the ro tator cuff muscles keep the humeral head in a fu nctional position for rotation The illustrations for this article were taken from around the anteroposterior axis. Further cooperation is Living Anatomy (Second Edition) by JosephE. Donnelly, evident from scapula m overs as the humerus disEd .D. places, from a point of 25 d egrees of humerus abducThis book takes a non-traditional, hands-on aption, to the terminal point in ROM. Shoulder girdle proach that helps one learn the essentials of anatomy movers manipulate the scapula in to upward ro tation, quickly, easily and more functionally. Students can favo rably aligning the glenoid fossa for movement of locate anatomical structures on partners and then the humerus to a position of full amplitude above the learn the structures' functions by manipulating their head . partner's movements. By becoming anatomy "practitioners," they learn what is relevant and applicable.

Illustrations

Summary

Better u nderstanding biomechanica l relationships of the shoulder complex may be one of the significant stimuli by which improved gymnastic performance and it's benefits are unleashed. Shoulder complex relationships have much to d o w ith increased ROM and stability. Understanding these relationships act as one of the significant springboards by which improvements in gymnastic performance can be accomplished .

TECH N IQUE May 1993

Contents The Basics • Upper Extremity • Trunk, Thorax an d Abdomen • Lower Extremity • Internal Anatomy • Microanatomy of Muscle Contraction

Livillg Anatomy is available from USA Gymnastics Merchandise (use the order form on page 2). #16, $19.50.

25

Shoulder complex relationships have much to do with increased ROM and stability.

Understanding these relationships act as one of the significant springboards by which improvements in gymnastic performance can be accomplished.

TEN

Co

MENTS OF TEACHING lING TO PRESCHOOLERS Patti Komara

T

umbling is the basis for all gymnastics.

mastered in a very progressional order

preschool children can master tumbling skills if presented with proper instruction and in an enthusiastic manner. I use eight positions including pike, v-sit,

STRADDLE butterflies, straddle, squat, lunge, bridge, (for five year olds and older only) and Ta-Da! (straight body). Preschoolers need to learn these positions until they become instinctive-later on, this will make it easier for them to understand your directions when learning tumbling skills. Review these positions at every class.

Presented below are Ten Commandments of Teaching Tumbling to Preschoolersfollowing these suggestions will make you and your instructors better coaches and more effective

26

N

E

Skills learned on this event should be

from the most simple to the more difficult. Even

teachers.

o

POSITION FOR MOVEMENT Don't stand in one place and shout out corrections to the children-follow them down the mat while providing encouraging positive comments. Instead of comments such as, "Your toes aren't pointed. Your knees are bent."-try saying, "GREAT JOB! Next time, can you point your toes like pencil points?" In this instance you've provided positive reinforcement, given them one correction to think about, and you've asked, question. I've found that if you ask children questions, you get thinkers-if you just tell them, you get doers.

T

w

o

STRUCTURE THE CLASS Prepare and use a skill progression sheet for each class and for each lesson. At the conclusion of the lesson, record what you've accomplished that day in order to keep an accurate record of skills taught to each class. Set skill goals for each of your classes. It is helpful to provide the parents with a written list of your goals.

For example, you may have established the goal of each child doing forward and backward rolls and a cartwheel in three months. Enlist the help of the parents.

Give them practice sheets with illustrations to take home and check-off as the children practice. Put together practice calendars to hang on the refrigerator to encourage daily practice. A practice calendar is a blank calendar where you have put one skill or exercise to do on each day of the month. At the end of the three months award certificates to show the parents their children's progress. To make preschool classes successful, you need to make it fun for the child, but als(' demonstrate to the parents tha the children have progressed. In this business we have two customers ... we must make both of them happy.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Preschool Gymnastics

Enlist the help of the parents. Give

T

H

R

E

E

F

o

u

R

TEACH

USE GOOD EQUIPMENT

In the Rookie Coaches Gymnastics Guide, an IDEA for teaching gymnastics skills was presented.

I consider the three keys to success in this business as facility, curriculum, and staff. You should have the newest, safest and most innovative equipment on the market. A new piece of equipment creates excitement in the gym. Purchase equipment that really makes learning skills easier. For preschoolers the equipment should be colorful and bright.

All of the major equipment companies sell "skill builder equipment" such as incline mats, donuts, octagons, and trapezoids.

My suggested minimum list of this kind of equipment for teaching preschoolers includes several rainbow pan el mats, a Tumblebear Square, a small trapezoid, a 4' wide incline mat, a handstand rail, a set of parallettes, and a cartwheel mat. The more equipment you have,

I

Introduce the skill.

D

Demonstrate the skill.

E

Explain the skill.

A

Attend to the athletes practicing the skill.

First, you introduce the skill by getting your students' attention and then naming and explaining the importance of the skill. Then, demonstrate the skill being taught. This is the first of three important senses you'll incorporate into your instruction-visual, auditory and kinesthetic. This allows the gymnasts to SEE a picture of what they will be performing. Next you explain the skill so that they can LISTEN to the description and ask questions. Finally, if you spot them on the skill, they can FEEL the skill and gain confidence to perform it on their own. Incorporate all three senses every time you teach a new skill.

If you are fortunate enough to have the ability to d emonstrate the skills yourself, this can help to establish credibility with the parents and children as well. If you are unable to perform a skill correctly, have another coach or someone skilled in gymnastics perform the demonstration, or show a videotape performance of the skill.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

the greater number of students you can ser-

LUNGE

27

them practice sheets with illustrations to take home and check-off as the children practice.

Put together practice calendars to hang on the refrigerator to encourage daily practice. A practice calendar is a blank calendar where you have put one skill or exercise to do on each day of the month.

s

E

v

E

N

LIVEN IT UP

Always tell the parents about the extra safety measures that you take. Teach the children safety landing and falling drills before permitting them on raised equipment.

V-SIT vice at one time and the easier it is on the instructors. Of course, make sure every instructor is trained and knows the typ es of drills that can be tau ght on your equipment.

If you have it, use it!-equipment standing idle in the corner of the gym d oes no one any good. An expenditure on preschool equipment is always a good return on investment.

F

v

I

E

MAKE IT SAFE Always keep safety in mind . Many preschoolers' parents are leery of gymnastics activities anyway. Always tell the parents about the extra safety measures that you take. Teach the children safety landing and falling drills before permitting them on raised equipment. If you're having the children practice landings and dismounts, inform the children (and the parents) w hy 4" mats are better for landings than thicker skill cushions. When introducing a new skill, lower the equipment and /or put an 8" skill cushion undernea th for added protection. Always check the spin locks before the students mount the equipment. Make sure your staff is USGF Safety Certified and be "business smart" enough to market this fac t. I suggest that you display your instructors' Safety Certificates in the lobby.

S

I

x

BUILD in FUN Be enthusiastic w hen you teach I A monotone voice won't get your stud ents excited about learning new skills. Cheerlead ers and actors make grea t teachers because they know that facial expression and voice inflection are important. A coach 's smile can give a great boost to an unsure young athlete. Also, students will only be as excited about your class as you are-if you think teaching is boring, it will show to your students.

28

Of all the Command m ents, p erhaps this is the most important-ifitisn't fun, the s tudents won 't come back!

There are many ways to keep the classes fun. The instructor can wear funny glasses, put on a funny hat, or change her / his vocal accent to make the students laugh. Consider lau ghter from your students a sign of enjoyment, not wa ning discipline. Make classes fun by including a variety of activities and a variety of equipment. Use themes su ch as Outer Space Week, N inja Turtle Week, or Hollywood Day. In this way, the stud ents can use their imagination w hile they learn movement and gymnastics skills. All day long preschoolers hear, "Sit still. Be quiet. Don't run." They will find it fun and exciting to have the opportunity to MOVE! For the older stud ents, skill learning itself is fun.

When they climb into the car at the end of the lesson, you want them bubbling over with excitement and enthusiasm as they tell their parent w ha t they lea rned .

"We did a front handspring today Mom ... it was so cool!

We were flipping over a barrel. It was so fun! " As an instructor, your classes will be as fun as you make them . If you are enthusiastic and excited about you r class, then your students will be too . Have fun yourself!

E

I

G

H

T

INVOLVE VISUAL CUES When teaching preschool gymnas tics, it is often helpful to use props to assist the children 's hand and foot placement. Use equipment su ch as rubber hand and footprints, rubber safety spots, targets or shap es.

Carpet squares, hula hoops, cones, ropes and even chalked X-marks on the mat can be effective visual cues. The more cu eing th at is give n to a presch ooler the more success th ey w ill achieve-and s uccess promotes positive selfesteem. You can find this kind of equipment at w h o lesa le comp an ies such as Flaghouse, Gym Closet, and Sportime. A reference lis t of some equipment companies is included at the end of this article on page 31.

SQUAT

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Preschool Gymnastics

the simplest instruction. Encourage the instructors to break the skill d own into component parts and using the eight basic positions w hich they review at the beginning of every class. The students will fi nd it much easier to learn in this manner.

BUTTERFLIES N

N

I

E

N EVER be NEGATIVE Research indicates that when teaching any skill, it must be repeated at least three to five times. Young children find it d ifficult to rem ember corrections from one lesson to the next. Concentrate on TEACHING instead of simply running through a w hole list of skills.

I suggest that you make it a goal to teach the students at least one new thing in each class. If the skill for the d ay is a fo rward roll, introd uce it early in the lesson plan and then reinforce it at the other stations. For instance, after a dismount from the bars, the students can do a forward roll with a great landing-Ta-Da! End the class with relays that start fro m a forwa rd roll w hen it is each child 's turn.

Devote part of each class to working on skills that the gymnasts have already learned. Repetition is a necessary part of mastering skills. It's easy in a 45minu te preschool class to ju mp around and do different skills instead of taking time to repeat what was taught the prior week. For a p reschooler a week seems like a life time and they don't remember w hat was done the prior week. Always review and then progress. If the children are progressing the parents will recognize the value of the class.

T

E

N

GIVE ACHIEVABLE GOALS Even the most basic skills to you can become monumental tasks to preschoolers, so these are best taught by the part-whole method . It becomes a circle of achievement when you can break the skill down in to achievable parts; therefore raising the children's self-esteem and encouraging them to try something new. Make your program success-oriented by cultivating a feeling of, "Show me something else ... teach me something new."

When you design preschool sta tions, crea te them so the child can imm ediately achieve the objective and , therefore, understand and internalize another part of the whole skill you are teaching. I've fo und that often times instructors who themselves had achieved a high level of skill in gymnastics have the hardest time with this suggestion ! They assume the children know even

TECHNIQUE May 1993

Other hints When teaching the very you ng preschoolers during their fi rst lesson, you might have some children apprehensive and even cry. I permit the parent to come out onto the floor w ith the apprehensive child. "Teaching with comfort" is a nice p hilosophy w ith youngsters. If a child d oesn't participate in a class the parent might approach you with their concerns at the end of the class.

Tell the parent to ask the child when they get home what they learned at the class. Even though the child might have sat during the entire class, they will probably still be able to show what the class d id that d ay!

Suggest to the parent that observation was the child 's fo rm of participation for that class.

Discipline can be a problem . If you have a child w ho is very rowdy and u nruly, try this little game. Tell the child it seems he/ she has too much energy and w ill need to sit on the "energy seat" fo r a minute so that all this excess energy can drain into the chair. When it is all drained away, he or she can rejoin the others in the group.

There are many ways you can teach tumbling to preschoolers- some teach the skills across a mat, some teach fro m stations of equipment, and others u tilize a long obstacle course. There are p ros and cons to all of the approaches, but I prefer cross mat tumbling. This way I can keep all the studen ts busy at one time, while going u p and down the mat giving corrections and suggestions to each student. Regardless of the method you select, the important thing is for the instructor to maintain close su pervision of the en tire group w hile having the opportunity to p rovide ind ividual feed back to each child.

Us in g th ese ten co m mandments will help you be a more effecti ve instructor.

Keep them fo remost in your mind w hil e yo u teac h.

You' ve heard it said you can tell a good da nce teacher by the d ancers she tu rns out... are you turning out good gymnas ts ? Use these suggestions and wait and see, good luck!

TA-DR 29

Patti has owned and operated her own gymnastics school for the last 24 years in Dyer, Indiana. Pa tti has 1500 students in gymnastics, Tumblebear, dan ce, Step Reebok, cheerlead ing, swimming and her m obile gymnastics p rogram. Patti has p rod uced over 25 video tapes on instructing preschool and business topics.

Her tapes have been sold in every state and eight fo reign countries.

Ms . Komara is USGF Safety Certified a nd is a certified aerobics instructor with AFFA and ACE. For more specific information on this topic and many o thers concerning preschool gymnastics and business, contact Patti Kom ara for her latest catalog of resources.

(219)8652274 or 1530 Joliet St., Dyer, IN 46311

Preschool Gymnastics

TEN FOR PRESCHOOL

Next month-

TuMBLING

Tumbling Skills: When and How

ONE

POSITION FOR MOVEMENT

to Teach Them

TWO

STRUCTURE THE CLASS

THREE FOUR

T EACH USE GOOD EQUIPMENT

FIVE

MAKE IT SAFE

SIX

BUILD in FUN

SEVEN

LIVEN IT UP

EIGHT

INVOLVE VISUAL CUES

NINE TEN

N EVER be NEGATIVE GIVE ACHIEVABLE GOALS

NOTE: To help you remember the 10 Commandments, the first letter of each commandment spells out "PreSchool TUMBLING"

Patti Komara's Tumblebear Gym Program a Instructional Videotapes 7 New 1993 Releases Item #07. New Cartwheel Teaching Ideas .................. .................................................................. ... ...â&#x20AC;˘.................. $29.95 This tape is less than 30 minutes, but you won't believe how many ways there are of teaching a cartwheel to a preschooler!

Item #08. Teaching Tumbling to Preschoolers ..... ............................................................................................... .. $39.95 If all you 're looking for is tumbling, this is the tape for you .

Item #09. Bars, Beam & Vault for Preschoolers ...... ......... ...... ......... ............... ...................................................... . $39.95 If you're stuck for ways to keep kids busy at these areas and need curriculum ideas, try this tape!

Item #12. Teaching Mom & Tot Classes ................................................................. ......... ..................................... $39.95 Patti discuses what to teach, how to do it, teachers, and marketing to recruit tots in your classes.

Item #16. Celebrate the Holidays the Gymnastic Way ........................... .... .................. ... ... ..................................... $39.95 How much should we celebrate the holidays? Patti shows you the excitement holidays bring to class, while keeping gymnastics in the lesson.

School-Age Materials Item #26. Special School-Age Lesson Plans & Themes ..................................................... ... ..... $39.95 Patti has thrilled you with preschool. Now let her help you with school-age. Patti includes themes to be used for ages 6-12.

Item #27. School-Age Curriculum Sheets for Boys & Girls ........................................................ $29.95 Patti's curriculum includes 3 levels of skills in a progressional order separated for girls and boys ages 6-12.

Use your VISA/Me & order today.

We ship within 48 hours (219) 865-2274

Patti Komara, national clinician since

1981 30

fI~

'f1 ~ ~~.

94mnosrf &Firness Cenier~ 1530 Joliet Sl. Dyer. IN 463t 1 (219) 865-2274

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Resources

EQUIPMENT & RESOURCE COMPANIES Gymnastics Equipment & Mats American Athletic, Inc. ........................... (800) 247-3978 Carolina Gym Supply Corp ........ ... .... .... (919) 942-4620 Freedom Sports Ltd ................................. (604) 980-4645 Gerstung ................ .. ...... .. ... ..... .. ............... (800) 922-3575 Gibson .......................... .. .. .. ....................... (800) 275-5999 GMR ....... .. ..... ... ......................................... (800) 241-9249 Gym Corp .. ............................................... (800) 451-4345 Gymnastic Supply Corp (GSC) ............. (800) 435-3333 Mancino ................................................... . (800) 338-6287 Nissen Sports Academy, Inc. ................. (319) 462-3516 Norbert's Athletic Products, Inc ............ (310) 548-1908 Progressive GymnastiCS ......................... (817) 383-2866 Resilite .............................................. .. ....... (800) 843-6287 Romp-N-Roll Gym Buff/Tiffin Athletic Mats, Inc. ...................................... ..... .... .... ................. (203) 693-4191 Spieth Anderson ........ ...................... ........ (800) 331-8068 USA Gymnastics Supply ........................ (316) 792-2209

PE Equipment (small motor and visual cuing aids) Chime Time .................................... .......... (800) 477-5075 Flaghouse ............................ ................... .. . (800) 221-5185 Gym Closet ............................... ................ (800) 445-8873 Gym Trix, Inc ................. .......................... (817) 694-4214 Gymtastics ............................... ................. (201) 378-3709 Learning Products, Inc. Ideas at Play .. . (314) 997-6400 Physical Fun Products, Inc ................ .... (915) 542-1153 Rhythmic Gymnastics ............ ............... .. (201) 343-7424 Sportime .................................................... (800) 283-5700 U.s. Games ............................................... (800) 327-0484 UCS Inc. ..................................... ............... (914) 365-2333 VTL (Doug Davis) .... ...... .. ....................... (517) 772-4058 Wee Grip Mini-Bars ..................... ........... (812) 948-7709

Used Equipment Naples Gym Supply .. .... ...... ...... .............. (813) 598-3700 ProgreSSive Gymnastics ..... .................... (214) 436-6541 Ranger Rick ........................................ ...... (800) 451-0017

Records, Tapes, Publications Educational Activities ......... ... ................. (800) 645-3739 Floor Express Music ..... ....... .. .................. (303) 668-3777 Kimbo Educational ............. ....... .. ..... ... .... (800) 631-2187 Masters Press .......... .............................. .. .. (317) 298-5703 Progressive Sounds ................................ (602) 722- 4372 Tumblebear Enterprises (Patti Komara)(219) 865-2274 United Productions ................................. (800) 535-1800

Stickers, Stamps, Ribbons & Medals A -1 Awards, Inc ....................................... (317) 546-9000 Goller Associates (Medals) ..................... (615) 329-3007 Hodges Badge Company, Inc... .. ........... (401) 847-2000 TECHNIQUE May 1993

Johnson Specialties .................. ...... .......... (800) 221-6714 Knight Toy & Novelty Co .......... ... .......... (516) 378-4360 Stickers & Rewards ..................... ............. (800) 228-0040 The Official Sticker Catalog .................... (815) 224-2090 The Stamp Pad Co., Inc. .......................... (612) 263-6646 Volk Corp. (Ribbons) .. .... ....... .................. (800) 521-6799

Tumblebus (mobile gymnastics to daycares) Brenda Scharlow ...................................... (812) 948-7709

Decoration & Props Elite Technology Corp ............................. (913) International Gymnast Magazine .......... (619) Mahoney Systems .................................... (704) Oriental Trading Co ......... ... ....... ............. (800) Stumps ....................................................... (800) U. S . Toy Co., Inc. .................................... (800)

469-5554 722-0030 392-7044 228-2269 348-5084 255-6124

Gymnastics Apparel Alpha Factor ......................................... .... (717) Baile & Associates, Inc ............................ (303) Bodipax ...................................................... (800) Egan Screenprinting ................................ (805) Elite Sportswear, L.P ................. .............. (215) Frank Endo Co ......................................... (213) Gibson, Inc. ............................................... (303) International Gymnast Magazine ........ .. (619) Jammin ...................... ................................ (714) Leo's Dancewear Inc. ............................... (312) Nine Nines ................................................ (609) Norco Athletic Supply ............................ (800) Pegasus Gymnastics Equipment, Inc. ... (303) Reebok International .............................. . (617) Swede-O, Inc. .......... ............................. ..... (612) Tone Zone ............................... .................. (702) USA Gymnastics .......... .......... ...... ............ (317) Valentines ................................... ............... (503) Walk & Associates /Christian ........ ....... (703) Zin-Kin Sports, Inc. .................................. (714)

252-1578 259-5808 982-8777 964-7197 376-6522 770-0193 937-1012 722-0030 778-3855 889-7700 467-2705 321-9809 424-9696 341-5000 674-8301 827-8688 237-5060 635-7460 830-2636 641-0880

Gymnastics Insurance City Securities Insurance / USGF ........... (317) 634-4400 K&K Insurance Group, Inc./USGF ....... (219) 455-3000 Market/Rhulen Underwriters & Brokers ............ ... ..................... ... ........ .................. ... (800) 431-1270

Gymnastics Business ProductsNideosl Software Classroom Systems .................................. (615) 984-2221 Collegiate Resource Team ...................... (619) 744-8390 Gatorade .................................................... (312) 222-6463 Leaf, Inc. ........... .................... .................. ... (706) 543-8116 School Management Solutions ............... (404) 432-8870

Gymnastics Photos Fitzgerald Photography .......................... (817) 732-4272 31

Source:

Patti Komara and 1992 USGF Congress Exhibitors

A TwENTY-FOUR YEAR RETROSPECTIVE loOK The probability of repeating on World Championship and Olympic Teams for U.S. Men's Gymnastics

W.A. Sands, R. Abramowitz, L. Hauge Barber, P. Lemons, R. Cervantez, R. Irvin, J. Major, D. Paine Motor Behavior Research Laboratory, University of Utah

L

ong term planning confronts all coaches and administrators in modern

sport.

The

best

performances of athletes in international and national competitions are not usually random nor haphazard (Bompa, 1984a; Bompa, 1984b; Bompa, 1990; Harre, 1982; Martin, 1980; Verkhoshansky, 1985).

Consistently successful, as opposed to occasionally successful, international performance is largely dependent on the quality of training and competence of the coaches and athletes. However, perhaps equally important are careful planning of the efficient use of all training and performance resources --including athletes and coaches. It takes time to develop elite performers.

The

development

of

international athletes, and their longevity as such, can have a marked impact on reasonable expectations for international performance.

Sands and Henschen (1992) analyzed the probability of repeating on World Championship and Olympic teams for female gymnasts from 1968 to 1991. The present study of the men's international team membership was a continuation of this exploratory theme.

32

Methods The World Championship and Olympic Games were selected as the criterion competitions. This was primarily due to a lack of available historical information on the Pan America n, World University Games, and other competitions. Moreover, often the competitions other than World Championship and Olympic Games do not include our best athletes.

Information was collected regarding memberships on these teams from 1968-1992. This period invol ved 17 major international competitions and spanned six quadenniums. Team membership rosters were obtained from surveying various gymnastics magazines an journals and consultation with Mr. Mas Watanabe) Men's Technical Director.

There may have been some oversights, incomplete, or inaccurate individual tallies due to failing memories and lack of historical information. Nevertheless, we believe that the resulting analyses reflect the team membership and longevity tendencies of USA Men's Gymnastics.

Each team was composed of seven members. Tallies were made consisting of members of teams w ho were also members of previous teams. Thus, any athlete who repeated from one major international contest to a succeeding contest was tallied. Therefore, assessments of career longevity were based on ANY athlete repeating from one major international contest to a succeeding contest.

Results The results of the investigation are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 shows the contest that an athlete competed in on the top and the previous com peti tions tha t the same athlete competed in along the side. The number of possible repeat positions was obtained by multiplying the number of competitions by seven, (Le., the number of positions on a team). The sum of each diagonal results in the number of repeating athletes for each succeeding competition. For example, the starred roy in Table 1 shows that in 1985, only two athletes wer able to repeat their team membership from 1984. In 1987 there were also two athletes from 1984, w hile in 1988 on ly one athlete remained from the 1984 team.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Research Table 1 Repeating Athletes Made These Teams Years 78

79

80

81

83

84

2

1

1

1

1

1

3

4

3

3

2

5

4

4

2

4

4

3

1

83

5

4

84

**

2

70 682

72

74

2

1

702 72

76

88

2

2

1

2

1

**

3

2

89

91

92

1 2

74

2

76 78

2

79

~I

87

85

80 81

85 87

Consistently successful, as opposed to occasionally successful, international performance is largely dependent on the quality of training and competence of the coaches and athletes.

2 2

88 89

1

2

3

1

91

4

..----

Table 2 Athletes Probability of Repeating Sum

Positions

Number of

Probability

Repeaters

Repeats

Possible

2nd Competition

16

112

48

0.43

3rd Competition

15

105

27

0.26

4th Competition

14

98

20

0.20

5th Competition

13

91

10

0.11

6th Competition

12

84

4

0.05

7th Competition

11

77

1

0.01

Table 2 indicates the likelihood of any athlete repeating from a previous competition (Hays, 1981). Although consecutive competitions are often less than one calendar year apart, apparently the probability of any athlete repeating is not extraordinarily high. The probability of repeating from one major international contest to the very next one (i.e., two major international competitions) is approximately 43%. The probability of repeating across three consecutive competitions is approximately 26 %, and so forth.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

33

Table 3 Comparison of Proportions - Repeating Athletes Men's and Women's International Programs 2;

Probability

1

-1.74

}2<.05

Number of Competitions With Repeating Athletes

Preparing careerlong plans for an athlete may assist in determining when an athlete will reach international competitive status and how best to ensure this.

2

-1.83

}2<.05

3

-2.25

}2<,05

4

-2.25

}2< 05

5

-1 .27

}2>-05

Discussion Results of these analyses show that the period of international competition of U.S. male gymnasts is relatively short. On the average, any individual athlete has less than a 50 / 50 chance of returning to the next major international team. However, when compared to the women (Sands & Henschen, 1992), the men have a better chance of repeating across two competitions. The women's probability of repeating across two competitions was only 29%. By a test of proportions (Ferguson, 1971), these results were sta tistically different (2;=-1.74, }2<.05). Table 3 shows the results of proportions analyses (Ferguson, 1971) for repetition across five competitions comparing men and women. One should keep in mind that while doing multiple comparisons the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis may be lowered to avoid making a Type I statistical error (Sokal & James Rohlf, 1969; Huberty & Morris, 1989). Moreover, none of these values were statistically Significant at the p<.01 level suggesting that one or more of the comparisons may be due simply to sampling variation.

Interestingly, four repetitions of international contests remain statistically different at the }2<.05 level.

However, at repetitions over five major international contests the statistical significance is no longer maintained .

Interestingly, if one looks closely at the period from approximately 1978 to 1984 apparently there was a 34

group of athletes who tended to repeat several years (See Table 1). Also, this period may be regarded as one of the most productive in the history of the men's international gymnastics program. The "stair-step" appearance of Table 1 indicates a quadrennium based career. Moreover, the boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games may have increased the longevity of participation of these male athletes. Although the information from the female athletes does not support the quadrennium careers as much as the men's, the large number of repeating athletes from 1980 to 1984 is consistent (Sands & Henschen, 1992).

Given- the small and consistently decreasing probability of repeating across several major international competitions, only a few athletes who will make the 1996 Olympic team are currently competing internationally. This further amplifies the role of timing in qualifying for any particular international team. Therefore, preparing career-long plans for an athlete may assist in determining when an athlete will reach international competitive status and how best to ensure this.

Conclusion The men's program has shown a greater probability of repetition of a thletes than the women's program over approximately the same period. The proper career-

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Research

planning to bring an athlete to peak performance at the right time also appears to be an important consideration for male gymnasts. Although timing appears to be less important for the men than the women (Sands & Henschen, 1992), due to longer careers of men, the timing of peak performance w ithin the men's program still appears to hold significance. Therefore, an appropriate long term plan for male gymnasts would appear to be important for realizing international team membership goals.

References Bompa, T. (1984a, April). Peaking for the major competition(s) part one. Science Periodical on Research and Technology in Sport, 1-6.

Bompa, T. (1 984b, May) . Peaking for the major competition(s) part two. Science Periodica l on Research and Teci1nologJj in Sport, 1-6.

Bompa, T. O. (1990). Theory and methdology of training. (2nd ed .). Dubuque, IA: Kendall / Hunt.

Ferguson, G. A. (1971) . Statistical analysis in Psychology & education (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hi ll.

Harre, D. (1982) . Principles of sports training, German Democratic Republic: Sportverlag.

The men's

Hays, W. L. (1981). Statistics. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, Winston.

program has shown a greater

Huberty, C. L & Morris, J. D. (1989). Multivariate analysis versus multiple univariate analyses. Psychological Bulletill , 105(2), 302-308.

Martin, D. (1980). Grundlagen der trainingslehre. Schorndorf, Germany: Verlag Karl Hofmann.

Matveyev, L. (1977). Fundamentals of sports training. Moscow, USSR: Progress Publishers.

Sands, W. A., & Henschen, K. P. (1992). A twenty-three year retrospective look. Technique, 12(2),8-10.

Sokal, R. R., & James Rohlf, F. (1969). Biometry (2nd ed .).

New York, NY: W.H. Freeman.

Verkhoshansky, Y. V. (1985). Programming and organization of training (Translated by A. Charniga, Published by Sportivny Press, Livonia, MI., 1988). Moscow, USSR: Fizkultura i Spovt.

probability of repetition of athletes than the women's program over approximately the same period.

Everyone Brings Horne the Gold with Crown!

I

)

i

12" Marble & Metal Trophy

Only

$4. 95

ea.

over 100 pes.

$5.95 under 100 pes.

Free Engraving

Specializing in Gymnastics Awards!

10-99 100-499 500-999 1000 & up

$1 $1.49 $1 .39 .99¢

To order, or for free catalog oj trophies, plaques & medals, call:

CROWN~TROPHY

One Ode ll Plaza, Dept. GA3Q , Yonkers, NY 10701

1-800-227-1557 I n NY 914-963-0005 TECHNIQUE May 1993

35

Coaches Education

1993 USA GYMNASTICS SUMMER CoACHES WORKSHOP 1993 USA Gymnastics Summer Workshop Daily Schedule (Tentative, subject to change)

Lake Owen Camp-August 19-22

Additional Dates and Sites to be announced in future issues of Techll;qlll! magazine. â&#x20AC;˘ same as "Typical Day at Lake Owen Camp~ - workshop participants interact with regular camp activity as indicated.

Thwsday 1:30-5:00 USGF Safety Certification Course & Exam

Huguenot, NY - June 23-26

Woodward Camp--August 4-7

5:00-6:00

Wednesday 5:30-10:00 USGF Safety Certification Course & Exam

Wednesday Participants arrive

6:00-6:30 Workshop Orientation

Thwsday 9:00-12:00 Oinic 12:00-1:30

Lunch

1:30-4:30 Training 4:30-6:00

Dinner

7:00-8:30

Follow-up

6:30-8:00

Thwsday 8:30-9:00 Workshop Orientation

Dinner

Camp Greenkill, Huguenot, NY -June 23-26

Evening Training'

Friday 8:00-9:00 Breakfast

9:00-11:30 Clinic 11:30-12:30

T

2. Woodward Camp, Woodward, PA-August 4-7

9:15-11:15 Clinic

Lunch

11 :30-12:30 Lunch

1:00-1:30 Mini-clinic

3. Lake Owen Camp, Cable, WI-August 19-22

1:00-1:30 Clinic'

1:30-3:30 Afternoon Training/ clinic

hree workshops will be conducted this summer. Each is unique and will take advantage of the schedule and activities of the host site:

1:30-3:30 Supervised Workout" 3:30-4:30 Clinic,Q&A

Friday

3:30-4:00 Mini-clinic

9:00-12:00 Clinic 12:00-1:30 Lunch 1:30-4:30 Training 4:30-6:00 Dinner 6:30-10:00 ACEP Sports Science Course, part 1 Saturday 8:30-10:00

7:00-10:00

5:00-6:00 Dinner

Dinner

6:30-9:00

5:30-9:30 USGP Safety Certification Course & Exam Friday 9:00-11:30

Regionaililite Competition PDP Level I Video Clinic

Sunday Regional Elite Competition

PDP Level I Video Clinic

Saturday 8:00-9:00 Breakfast 9:15-11:15 Clinic

PDPLevei I VideoOinic

11 :30-12:30 Lunch 1:00-1:30 Clinic¡

12:30-12:30 Lunch Workshop wrap-up

10:00-1:00 ACEP Sports Science Course, part 2

Afternoon

4:30-5:30

1:00-1:30 Mini-clinic

1:30-3:30 Supervised Workout"

1:30-3:30 Afternoon Training/ clinic

5:00-6:00 Dinner

3:30-4:30 Q & A, discussion

3:30-4:30 Oinic

6:30-9:00 ACEP Sports Science Course, part 1

5:00-6:00 Dinner 6:00-9:30 Saturday 8:00-12:00

Participants Depart

ACEP Sports Science Course, part 1

Sunday 8:00-9:00

Breakfast

9:00-10:00 Clinic Wrap-up ACEP Sports Science Coursel part 2

10:00-3:00 ACEP Sports Science Course, part 2

Emphasis during the clinic sessions will be skill progressions: cast to handstand, flyaway, giant swing, etc. Clinicians will emphasize technical prerequisites and strength requirements. Following the clinic lectures, participants will be able to put their knowledge to the test during workout sessions. Coaches are encouraged to bring 2-3 athletes along to the workshop-a t Lake Owen and Wood ward, gymnasts should regis~ ter for that specific week of camp; at Huguenot, coache. will receive registration information for their gymnasts.

All housing accomodations and meals w ill be available at the camp sites. Housing registration forms will be sent to all registered participants.

USGF Summer Coaching Workshop-Early Registration Form

o o

June 23- 26 August 4- 7 August 19- 22

Huguenot NY Woodward, PA o Lake Owen, WI

Return this registration form to: USGF Educational Services, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46225

Pleose indicole 011 proglOms for which you ore regislering: Pr011lember Fees

Address _________________________________________ Siole _ _ __

Phone, doy _______________ USGF Membership?

o

Yes

Zip _____

Phone,nighl _ _ _ _ _ __ _

o

o

Cooching Workshop Fee

SliD

SIlO

o

Sofely Certificonon Course & lesl

S 70

S 75

Sub-Ioiol

PDP Levell

Nome ___________________________________________

Cily _ _ _ _ _ _ _- --

Non-member Fees

No

o

Books, lesls ond Video Clinic

S 30

S 35

o

Video Clinic Only

S 5

S 10

o

POP Level II Sport Science Course

S 60

S 75

TOTAL FEE ENCLOSED:

Moke Checks Poyoble 10 "USA Gymnoslics" 00 you wonl informolion on olhlele onendonce ?(fees ond occommodonons) Informolion on housing ond meal cosis 01 Comp Greenkill will be moiled 10 regislered workshop porticiponls 010 loler dole.

If poying by credil cord

o

USGF Professionol Number __________ SS # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ USGF COACH ES EDUCATION

o

VISA 0 MoslerCord

Signolure _________________________

Club Represennng _____________________________________ Cord # ____________________ Expironon OOle _ _ _ _ _ ___ (1593)

36

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Coaches Education

PDPATAGLANCE The United States Gymnastics Federation

toward Level I Accreditation for this accomplishment.

3.

PDP Level I Video Clinic

Coaches are required to participate in a clinic conducted by a Level I Clinic Administrator.

The clinic combines the information from the Rookie Coaches Gymnastics Guide and Sequential Gymnastics II and presents the coach with practical situations in the workbook exercises. At the conclusion of the clinic, participants complete the Video Clinic Application Form, have it signed by the Clinic Administrator, and return it to USA Gymnastics. \/\1 -, , ' \, - -

u.<,,~_u~~

Levell Currently, the following criteria apply for PDP Level I Accreditation:

1. Rookie Coaches Gymnastics Guide ($8.95)

The Gymnastics Guide contains information on coaching philosophy, communication, safety and terminology. Also, the Guide provides coaches with sample lesson plans which include skills from Sequential Gymnastics II. Coaches should read the guide and review the principles for teaching gymnastics successfully. A self-test is included when you purchase the guide from USA Gymnastics. Complete the test and return it to USA Gymnastics with a $5.00 processing fee. If you score 80 % or higher on the self-test, you will receive a recognition certificate and get credit toward Level I Accreditation for this accomplishment.

2. Sequential Gymnastics II ($13.00) This book contains an illustrated listing of skill progressions over five movement categories: mat activities, vaulting, balance, swinging and circling, and manipulative activities. Coaches should study the principles of using the sequential program, supervision, organization, equipment, terminology, and landing technique. A self-test is included when you purchase the book from USA Gymnastics. Complete the test and return it to USA Gymnastics with a $5.00 processing fee. If you score 80% or higher on the self-test, you will receive a recognition certificate and get credit

TECHNIQUE May 1993

When a coach completes all three ofthe above listed requirements, hel she is granted PDP Level I Accreditation and receives a final certificate acknowledging their achievement as a PDP Level I Accredited coach.

Grandparenting Coaches may opt to apply for Grandparenting at Levell. This allows the experienced coach to bypass the normal testing procedures for Level I Accreditation.

These coaches must attend a special Grandparenting Clinic and complete a resume to verify their accomplishments.

The requirements for Level I Grandparenting include: 1. Minimum 18 years of age; 2. Valid USGF Safety Certification; 3. USGF Professional Membership for at least 2 years; 4. 4-5 years experience as a gymnastics coach or program administrator.

The Level I program was introduced in 1992 by offering numerous Grandparenting courses. Due to the reduced number of special Grandparenting courses being offered, experienced coaches will find it more expedient to go through the normal accreditation process rather than wait for a special Grandparenting course to be offered in their area.

Level I Clinic Administrator The following criteria are required to become a Level I Clinic Administrator: 1. have achieved Level I Accreditation status;

2. valid USGF Safety Certification;

37

USGP COACHES EDUCATION

Dave Moskovitz Coaching Development Coordinator

American Coaching Effectiveness Program

•

Leader Level Coach

Thi s officially recognizes that

has s uccessfully compl eted the ACE P Leader Level

This achievement contr ibutes to the quality of A m erican sport

and the well-being of ama teur at hletes

ACEl'Certifed Instructor

3. current USGF Professional Membership; 4. purchase Level I Instructor's Starter Kit.

The starter kit includes the video tape for the Video Clinic and a pre-pack of 15 workbooks. Additional workbooks may be purchased in sets of 15. The clinic administra tor is responsible for leading the discussions during the clinic and signing all video clinic applications. Clinics may be conducted in a variety of ways: formal state or regional clinics; within local groups or clubs; one-on-one; or individual self-study. Administrators may charge a minimal fee for their services.

Level II Currently, the following criteria apply for PDP Level II Accreditation: 1. ACEP Leader Level Sports Science Clinic. This certification is based on the book Successful Coaching. Coaches must attend an 8-hourclinic conducted by a certified ACEP instructor.

The course elaborates on critical coaching knowledge components including philosophy, psychology, physiology, and management.

2. USGF Safety Certification. Current certification is required in order to achieve and maintain active Level II Accreditation.

The safety course is designed to increase the coach's level of safety awareness. Coaches should be familiar with the USGF Gymnastics Safety Manual prior to the course.

3. USGF Professional Membership. Current membership is required in order to achieve and maintain active Level II Accreditation.

In addition to a variety of member benefits, the professional member recei ves Technique magazine and discounts on both the Sports Science and Safety courses.

38

,'C EI' Nationa] DlTt'(:lor

4. J.O. Compulsory Exercises. Coaches must successfully complete a self-test based on the compulsory text for their discipline. * (Available June 1993) At Level II, the coach's accreditation will be designa ted by program: Men, Women, or Rhythmic. Testing materials will assess the coach's understanding of the compulsory exercise, core skill progressions throughout the program, and basic routine evaluation.

5. Basic Skills Progressions. Coaches must successfully complete a self-test based on specific basic skills materials for their discipline. * (Available June 1993) At Level II, the coach's accreditation will be designated by program: Men, Women, or Rhythmic. Basic skills materials will be identified. The basic skills tests will stress the proper sequence of skill learning and the importance of safe and effective drills and learning stations.

Grandparenting As with Level I, experienced coaches and administrators will be allowed to gra ndparent, or by-pass the required gymnastics skills testing for PDP Level II Accreditation (components 4 and 5 above). The ACEP Sports Science Clinic will be required for ALL coaches at Level II. This requirement cannot be waived or bypassed due to the reciprocal relationship with the ACEP certification program. Components 4 and 5 ma y be waived for those coaches who submit the appropriate a pplica tion form and documentation (see form on p .11) who meet the following minimum criteria: • Level I Accreditation (strongly recommended) • USGF Professional Membership • USGF Safety Certification • 10-15 years coaching and / or administrative experience • 5-7 years as a competitive program coach

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

,----------------------------------------1 PDP LEVEL II-GRANDPARENTING APPLICATION Please type or print Birthdate __ I __ I __

Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Age _ _

Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Zip _ _ _ __ _ _

City _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

State _ __

Phone:

Night ( _ _ _ )-

Day ( _ _ _ ) -

Social Security No. _ _ __

USGF Professional No. _ _ _ _ __

USGF Safety Certification

0

Yes

0

No

Expiration Date _ _ _ __

PDP Level I Accreditation

0

Yes

0

No

Site / Date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

ACEP Sport Science Course

0

Yes

0

No

Site / Date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Education Background Inst

Grad . Yr.

School / College / University

Degree

Major Area

HS

<S> ~

EB -

~~~

d

_~,

Univ.

Grad.

Coaching!Administration Experience From

To

Employer

Position Description

USGF COACHES EDUCATION

Upon completion of this application, send to: USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capital Indianapolis, IN 46225 Attn: Coaching Development Coordinator

Team Coaching Year

Level

# of Athletes

Other

Additional Information

I I I I I

L ________________________________________ TECHNIQUE May 1993

(T393)

39

~

CODE OF POINTS General Directives for Special Connections • Special Connections are to be achieved through diverse combinations of various value parts, through directional changes, among others.

• In this context all gymnastic A, B, C, D /E elements in the Table and all acrobatic A, B, C, D / E flight elements may be used.

• The order of succession of value parts A, B, C, D / E can be freely chosen.

Provisional Edition 1992 AppendixOctober, 1992

With the connection of three or more elements, the second element (and those following) may be used a second time.

• "Directional Change" on Beam and Floor is understood as: A. Long axis turns of 180°, 540°, 900°, etc. with

continuation in the same line B. Counter sa ltos w ith movement execution (back/ forth) forward to backward or backward to forward .

• All connections must be direct; only on Floor can acrobatic connections be indirect.

A. Direct Connections are those in w hich ele-

ments /connections are performed w ithout pauses without extra steps/ extra swings.

B. Indirect Connections (only in acroba tic series on Floor), are those in which directly connected A-acrobatic elements wi th flight phase and hand support (from group 7, i.e., roundoff, flic flac, etc. as preparatory elements) are performed between saltos (Group 8).

• E-element may replace D-element in Special Connections, but the connections will receive the same Bonus Points.

• All other connections must be submitted to FIG / WTC. Uneven Bars 11.5 - Bonus Points for Special Connections Additional BP for Special Connections can be given for: • Mount or Connections w ithin the exercise: of at least two elements ... either with fli ght phase ... or, wi th long axis (LA) turn of at least 180° in each C element.

• Dismount Connections: the C element before the dismount must contain a flight phase or a turn. the dismount itself may be with or w ithout LA tu rn.

40

Examples: C+ C = .10 Gia nt with V, turn in the hand stand phase + Front gia nt wi th V, turn after ha nds tand.

C+ 0 = .10 Cast to handstand wit h hop in the handstand phase + Jaeger.

0+0 = .20 Stalder backwa rd w ith hop in the hand stand + Jaeger.

With connection of three or more elements, the second element and those following may be used a second time.

Examples of 3 or more elements: C + C + C =0.1 + 0.1 Gia nt w ith V, turn in hands tand + Front g iant w ith y, turn in ha ndstand + Double Twisting fl yaway.

C + C + 0 = 0.1 + 0.1 Giant w ith v,- v, turn + G iant w ith '!J turn after + Tkatehev.

C + C + E = 0.1 + 0.1 Cast to handstand wit h V, turn in hand stand + Giant w ith Y, turn afte r handstand + Double Back fl yaway in stre tched position.

C + 0 + 0 = 0.1 + 0.2 G iant w ith V, turn in ha nd sta nd + Front g iant with '!J turn after to Eagle g rip + Jaeger. o + 0 + 0 = 0.2 + 0.2 Fron t g ia nt w ith '!J turn after to Eagle grip + Front giant in eagle grip w ith bending o f hips in las t part of up wa rd sw ing + Jaeger.

Balance Beam 12.5.1 - Connections of two or more gymnas tic elements or two or more gym / acro elements (or reversed) Examples: A + 0 =.10

1.

Split leap forward + Tour Je te.

2.

Forward sa lta from two feet + Sissone.

B + C = .10 1. Flie flac + Straddl e jump.

2. Switch leg leap + s plit leap w ith Y, turn .

B+0

1.

=.10 Tour Je te + Ca t leap w ith y, turn.

2. Tour Jete + Flic fl ac.

C + C =.20 - (Exception: Switch leg leap + switch leg leap 1.

2.

=.10)

Jum p full turn + Straddle jump.

Round off Flic fl ac mount + Stradd le jump.

C + B + C = .20 - (Gym / Acro/Gy m or Acro / Gym / Ae ro) 1. Straddle jump + pike jump in cross position + Side split jump.

2. Switch leg leap + Flic flac + straddle jump.

C + C + C =.30 - (Exception : 3 switc h leg lea ps =.20) 1.

2.

Jump fu ll turn + straddle jump + Side split jump.

Ring lea p or ju mp + Forward sa lta w ith 1 foot take off + Stradd le jump.

12.5.2 - Connections of two or more of the following elements: • Free aerial wa lkover or ca rtwheel.

• Forward or sideward acroba tic element with hand support.

• Forward or sidewa rd sa ito.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Women's Judging

Exa mp les: A (without fli ght) + C = .10 Ca rt w heel + side aeria l.

B + C = .10 Front aeria l + Front handspring.

A (without fli ght) + D = .20 Ca rtw heel + Side salta in pike position.

B + D =.20 Front hand spring + Front salta take off 2 fee t.

C + C (a nd more difficult) = .20 Front aerial + Front aerial.

C+ C+ C = .30 Front aerial + Front aerial + Side aerial.

B + C + D = .30 Font handspring + Front salta w ith 1 foot take off + Sa lta forward w ith 2 foot take off.

12.5.3 - Connections of two flight acrobatic elements • with "directional change" in one element or .

• with counter element execution Exa mp les: B + C = .10 1. Front handspring + Chen Flic.

2. Fl ic fla c w ith Y, turn + Front handspring.

C+ C = .20 1. Front aerial + Gainer salta w ith y, twist to side of bea m .

2. Flic flac w ith y, tw ist + Front aerial.

B + D = .20 1. Front salta w ith 2 foot take off + Back sa lta tucked position .

2. Front handspring + Y, tw isting Flic flac to cross s traddle sit.

12.5.4 - Connections of at least three acrobatic flight elements B + B + C = .10

(Exception: 2 Flic flacs w ith landing on one or two legs + salta stretched w ith step out) 1. Flic fla c + Flic fl ac + Salta bac kward w ith 'I, tw ist dismount.

2. Flic flac + Salta stretched with step out + Flic fl ac.

B+C+C=.10 Flic flac + Salta backw ard stretched w ith step out + Sa lta backward stretched w ith step o ut.

B+B+C+C=.20 Cartw heel mount + Flic flac + Sa lta backwa rd stre tched w ith s tep out + Salta backwa rd stretched w ith step o ut.

B + B + D =.20 Round off + Flic fl ac + Double back tuck d ismount.

C + C+ C =.20 Side aerial + Sa lta backward stretched w ith step out + Salta backwa rd s tretched wi th step out.

B + B + C + D = .30 (a nd more difficult) Sa lta backwa rd stretched w ith step out + Flic fl ac + Flic fla c + Double back tuck dis mount.

12.5.1 to 12.5.4 - These apply to mount, dismount and connections within the exercise

TECHNIQUE May 1993

Floor Exercise 13.5.1 - Indirect acrobatic connection of two or more saltos in a C saito series Exa m ples: C+ C= .10 Round off, Fli c fl ac, sa lta backwa rd w ith 1 y, tw is t, round off, Flic flac, sa lta backwa rd w ith Y, tw ist A + A+ C =.10 Font sa lta tucked , rou nd off, w hi p back, Flic flac, sa lta backward w ith ,;\ tw ist.

A+ B + C = .10 Front sa lta ro und off, Flic fl ac, sa lta backwa rd w ith Y, twist, Flic flac, sa lta backwa rd w ith 1/ 1 twist A + C+ C = .20 Front sa lta tucked , round off , Fli c fla c, sa lta back wa rd w ith 1 y, twist, round off, sa lta backwa rd w ith Y, twis t.

A + A + A + C =.20 Front sa lta tucked , round o ff, w hip back, w hip back, Flic fl ac ,sa lta bac kward w ith Y, tw is t.

D

SALTO SERI ES

Examples: A + D = .10 Front sa lta tucked , round off, Flic fl ac, d ouble back sa lta tucked w ith Y, twist in firs t sa lta.

B + 0 = .10 Round off, Flic fl ac, full tw isting w hi p back, Flic fl ac, sa lta backwa rd w ith 2Y, tw ist.

C+ D = .20 Round off, Flic fl ac, sa lta backward w ith 'I, tw ist, round off, Flic fl ac, d ouble back sa lta w ith Y, tw ist in first sa lta .

13.5.2 - Direct acrobatic connections of: • Two or three acrobatic flight phase elements in same directional line (forward or backward); or • Two saltos with "directional change" in first saito, (also with third acrobatic element); or • Two counter saltos (also with third acrobatic element).

"A" elements must be saltos. " B" elements (and more difficult) may be executed with or without hand support.

Exam p les: A + C= .10 1. Front sa lta tucked + Fron t salta in stretched position.

2. Sa lta backward w ith Y, tw ist + Front salta tucked .

B + C= .10 1. Flysp ring + Sa lta forward s tretched .

2. Salta backwa rd w ith 'I, tw ist + Sa lta forward piked .

B + B + B = .10 1. Y, Tw isting w hi p back + Y, twisting w hi p back + Sa lta backwa rd w ith Y, tw ist.

2. Flysp ring + Flyspring + Sa lta forwa rd piked .

N B + D = .20 1. Front salta stretched w ith Y, twist + Fro nt sa lta piked.

2. 2'/, tw isting sa lta backw ard + Front salta tucked.

N B + A + C = .20 1. Flys pring + Sa lta forward stretched + Salta fo r ward tucked.

2. Y, tw isting w hi p back + sa lta backward w ith Y, twist + Salta forwa rd tucked .

B + B +C = .20 1. Y, tw isting w hip back + 'I, tw isting whi p back + Sa lta bac kwa rd w ith Y, tw ist.

2. Y, tw isti ng w hi p back + Sa lta backward w ith Y, tw ist + Sa lta fo rwa rd piked.

C + C = .20 1. Sa lta backwa rd w ith 1 Y, tw ist + Sa lta fo rwa rd stretched.

2. Sa lta backwa rd w ith 'I, tw ist + Sa lta forwa rd tucked w ith 'IL C + D = .30 (and more difficult) 1. Sa lta forwa rd s tretched + Sa lta fo rwa rd s tretched wi th 1/ 1 twist.

2. Salta backwa rd w ith 2Y, tw ist + Sa lta forwa rd stretched .

A + A + 0 =.30 (a nd more difficult) 1. Whip back + w hi p back + Double sa lta backwa rd w ith Y, tw is t in first salta.

2. Sa lta forwa rd s tretched w ith Y, tw ist + Salta forw ard tucked + Salta forward tucked .

13.5.3 - Connections of two different gymnastics or two gym / acro elements (or reversed) Examples: C+ C =.10 1. Switch leg leap to ring leap + Tou r jete to ring leap.

2. Tu ck jump w ith 1'/, tu rn + y, tw istin g front handspring.

D + B =.10 1. Strad dle pike jump w ith 'I, turn + Stradd le jump.

2. Tuck jum p w ith 'I, turn + Y, tw isting Flic fl ac.

D + C =.20 Straddle pike jump w ith Y, turn + Schuschunova .

D + D = .20 Cat leap w ith 'I, turn + Tuck jump w ith \I, turn.

13.5.4 - Three different gymnastics or three gymnastics / acrobatic elements (gym / acro / gym or acro /gym / acro) Exam p les: B + C + C =.10 1. Switch leg leap + Switch leg leap to ring lea p + Switch leg leap w ith v. turn.

2. Tuck ju mp wi th 1 y, tu rn + Y, twisting Flic fl ac + Schuschunova.

C+ C + C= .20 Double turn + jum p double turn + Tuck jump w ith 1Y, tur n.

B + B + D = .20 1. Switch leg lea p + Strad d le jump, + Straddl e jump w ith VI turn

Tuck jump w ith 'I, tu rn + Y, tw isting Flic fl ac + straddle jump.

B + C + D =.20 Switch leg lea p + Ca t leap w ith Y, turn + Doubl e turn .

C + C + D = .30 (and more d ifficult) Triple turn + Double turn + ju mp Double turn.

2.

41

ELfI'E PROGRAM

Co

E

I. ROLLCALL

Region I

julie Knight

Region II

Brad Loan

Region III

Kristi Krafft

Region IV

Mike Hunger

Region V

March 28, 1993 Meeting adjourned 9:30 PM Approved: Mike Jacki, May, 1993

committee on any necessary amendments to the FIG compulsory deductions for the 1994 season.

Motion - G. Anderson Second - j. Knight PASSED Recommendation that the Age Divisions for the 1994 National Level are:

Gary Warren

Region VI

Byron Knox

Region VII

Gary Anderson

Region VIII

Tom Cook

ETC

Audrey Schweyer

ABC

Kathy Feldmann

j.O. Committee

Kelli Hill

EPCC

Kathy Kell y Tami Holt

Sr Level

13 & Over Comp II1Comp Testing

Comp II1Element Testing

Second - G. Anderson PASSED Recommendation that the National Gymnastics Festival for the National Level is as follows: Total number of qualifiers in both Senior and Junior Divisions divided by 4, for a North, South, East, West Team (Sport Festival Format).

Motion - G. Warren

R. Kreutzer opened the meeting giving congratulations to the committee for the growth of the elite commun ity and the number of new clubs represented at this classic.

II. TOPS Dr. William Sands presented a manual to the committee. DisclIssian followed regarding questions about the TOP Program. Brochures will be finali zed and distributed to the Regional Chairmen. Add COlnmon questions.

Calendar (see last minutes)

Second - G. Anderson PASSED Recommendation that the top 20 Seniors and the top 20 Juniors from the National Gymnastics Festival will qualify to the U.S. Cia sics. They will compete optionals only at the Classic Meet for placL ment on the Sr/Jr/Training Squads. Compulsory scores from the National Gymnastics Festival will carry over to the Classic Meet. (No petitions to Classics.)

Motion - G. Warren

Sands asked tha t the regional testing measurements be recorded in centimeters. Any testing forms with missing data information will be eliminated from the tabulation of results. It is vita l that the Regional Test Adm inistrator be very familiar with all tests and reporting forms.

Sands explained the philosophy of communication / education of the TOPS program participants. The progra m need s a plan to answer questions and concerns and assis t the coaches and parents. This will be finalized and ready by the TOPS Training Camp.

Second - G. Anderson PASSED Recommendation to change the deduction for the hecht on bars for the Compulsory Testing Program as follows: .50 for fall plus execution errors (in order to "reward" that proper technique has been used even though the athlete has not "touched" the bar -the value of the element will not be taken unless the element is not performed)

III. EQUIPMENT ISSUES

Motion - G. Anderson

Recommendation that up to 8" sk ill cushion be allowed at the Elite National Level. (does not negate any execution errors)

Second - G. Warren

Motion - B. Loa n

DEFEATED

Motion - G. Warren

Recommendation that an eight inch skill cushion be allowed for release moves on bars and vault for the Elite National Level.

Motion - G. Anderson

Second - G. Anderson PASSED V. QUALIFYING SCORES

Second - j. Knight

Recommendation that qualifying scores for US Classic remain the same for all divisions with 40 Sr.l32 Jr. participants guaranteed .

PASSED IV. NATIONAL LEVEL

Motion - K. Krafft ational Level Competitors.

Recommendation to hold a Nationa l Championships for th e national elite level athletes using the following schedule (see attached) Motion - G. Warren Second - K. Krafft PASSED Recommendation that a sub-committee of A. Schweyer, K. Krafft, J. Knight and M. Grossfeld review and make suggestions to the

42

PASSED Recommendation that both Elite and Elite National rated judges may be assigned to the National Gymnastics Festival.

Second - j. Knight

Gary Warren presented a ca lendar for the

40%/60% 30%/70%

Motion - G. Warren

Roe Kreutzer

AWPD

9-13

Scores to be determined at Congress.

john Geddert

WPD

Jr Level

Second - B. Knox PASSED Recommendation that a Senior International who did not achieve a 36.00 AA at the American Classic or a 71.00 AA adjusted at their regional competition must qualify from regionals for the U.S. Cia ' sic.

Motion - B. Knox Second - K. Krafft PASSED

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Women's Minutes World Champ.

16-23

1st Reg, 2-5 2ndReg. 24-26

Regional

Classics Clinic/ Workout

Team World Champ.

21-27

Games 23-8/7

Sport Festival 1-10 Classic 21-

USAChamp.

20-21 Congress 24-

24

29

Regional

National Gym. Festival

Classic (Opt - only)

Regional Testing

Regional Testing

World Trials 11/6-8

States

PROTEcr YOURSELF FROM

AIDSAND HEI-ro:TIIS nfectious diseases such as AIDS and Hepatitis B can be transmitted from one person to another in blood and other body fluids through mucus membranes eyes, nose and mouth and skin abrasions (cuts, scratches, scrapes and rashes.)

Testing

Injuries • Immediately report and treat all bleeding injuries, no matter how minor.

• Never touch another player's mouth guard.

• Never assist another person who is treating a bleeding injury or cleaning up blood from an injury without wearing protective gloves and clothing.

• Never pick up an injured person's clothing, bandages or equipment without wearing protective gloves, even if blood is not evident.

• Immediately wash with soap and water any area of the body that has come into contact with another person's blood or other body fluids.

• Never share shaving utensils.

• Never share drink containers or dip drink containers in drink fluids.

• Never share towels or another player's clothing or equipment.

Prevention

In the athletic arena, the greatest risk comes from blood and any fluid visibly contaminated with blood such as the saliva of an individual who has a cut in the mouth.

If in doubt, do not touch.

Treat all blood as potentially infectious material.

This is known as UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS.

• Dispose of all contaminated* bandages in a properly labeled infection containment bag.

Do not put yourself or another person at risk. The responsibility is yours and yours alone.

*Contaminated indicates the presence of blood or other body fluids.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

Training

• Dispose of all contaminated* laundry, towels and equipment in properly labeled containment bags.

43

Adapted from a community service poster by Sherwood Medical, the manufacturer of Expandover® and Sher-Light® Athletic tape.

Sherwood Medical, St. Louis, MO 63103

Women's Minutes

AoHoc COMMII'I'EE I. ROLL CA LL Votin g Members:

March 7 & 8, 1993 Orlando, Fla .

Minutes approved: Mike Jacki, March,1993

Kevin Brovnl Coaches' Representative Coaches' Representati ve Tony Gehman Coaches' Representative Steve Nunno Coaches' Representa tive Donna Strauss Michelle Dusserre Athletes' Representa tive Roe Kreutzer Chair.

Absent Members: Coaches' Representa tive Bela Karolyi Non Voting Advisors: Muriel Grossfeld National Tea m Staff Steve Whitlock Educa tion Serv ices Director Chair., Sports Science Advisory Committee Bill Sand s Women's Program Director Kath y Kelly FlG / WTC President (absent) Jackie Fie Guests: Sandy Knapp Chair., Board of Directors Na ncy Marshall Vice Chair. for Women On behalf of the entire Women's Program, K. Kelly congratulated S. unno on the fine finish of Shannon Miller and Kerri Strug. All of the coaches were commended for the obvious dedication a nd effort tha t has been put into the d evelopment of increased difficulty of the a thletes routines / skills.

II. REVIEW OF GOALS After discussion, the committee decided to table this item until the other issues have been discussed.

III. INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVE REVIEW Women's program report: 21 competitors won 97 med als in 63 competitions in the 1992 ca lendar year. The Selection Committee was commend ed for its work in assign ing a thletes to competitions w here they can be challenged and successful. Coaches and the athletes were commend ed for this tremendous achievement and for their obvious dedication to program goa ls.

IV. 1993 WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS The World Championships schedule was discussed. unno requested that the team d epa rt the country on April 8th for arrival on April 9th. The coaches agreed that the "tea m" would not participate in the first podium pra ctice scheduled for April 9th . Steve expressed concern about the personal coach cred entials. Kelly s ta ted that the Organ izing Committee will allow purchase of FX cred entials but that those coaches would only have access to the training halls not the competitive floor. Kelly wi ll attempt to clarify this situation prior to leaving. Michelle Dusserre will travel with the d elega tion as Athlete Representative. The Head of Delegati on is Mike Donahue. There will bea meeting of the coaches of the d elega tion immediately following the Trials competition in Salt Lake City, UT. V. ATHLETE/COACHES SUPPORT PROGRAM Kelly explained the Athlete Support Program. Copies of the participation pOints for Bonus Pay distribution were ma iled directly to the pa rents of team members for corrections. The fin al draft will be distributed to the coaches at the Classic Meet. The Coaches Support Proposa l was d iscussed . Tony Gehman, as the Eli te Coaches Association Representative on the USGF Boa rd of Directors, was charged w ith presented a proposal to the Board in May. The coaches worked with Dr. Sa nds during the lunch break on the proposa l. Dr. Sa nds w ill resea rch and compile data and report to the committee at the Classic Meet.

VI. JUDGING ISSUES The coaches held a length y discussion on judging issues. It was d ecided to establish a Core of Judges to work directly w ith the ational Team and Na ti onal Team Coaches. It is recognized that the jud ges a nd coaches need to be working together in pursuit of the same goa ls. The Judges recommended areSchweyer, Grossfeld, Cross, Mulvihill, Weber, and Chencinski. The second tier of jud ges were discussed with the intent of involving new Na tional Elite Jud ges. This wi ll be finali zed at the next meeting. The coaches requested tha t a Code of Elhics for the Jud ges be w ritten with specific responsibiliti es listed . No direct contact with the a thletes should be initia ted by a judge. Concern was expressed

44

about jud ges promoting themselves to the Na tional Tea m Coaches for clinics. This contact should also be initiated by the coach. The following recommendation were mad e by the coaches. These adaptations to the Code of Pail/Is w ill be in effect for the 1993 Elite season.

I. All "E" elements (ifE element is in addition to required Va lue Parts) on Uneven Bars, Bala nce Beam, Floor Exercise will receive 0.20 Bonu s Points unl ess a FALL occurs. Execution erro rs ONLY will be d educted.

2. The fo llowi ng landing d eductions will be used for "E" Va ult: Small hop No deductions 1 Step O.OS 2 Step up to 0.10 3Step uptoO.1S 4 Step up to 0.20 VII. NATIONAL TEAM COMPULSORY DEVELOPMENT M. G rossfeld presented a pla n for the development of the Elite compu lsory exercises. The pla n ca lls for two inter-squad competitions for the Senior Na tional Team and the Olympic Gam es age eligible Junior Nationa l Team. These competitions will be conducted in conjunction w ith a training ca mp. Proposed dates are ea rl y October, November 4-6, and Jan. 14-16, 1994. A length y discussion involving the compulsory performance at USA Championships. This is not the d ecision of the Ad Hoc committee and it was s uggested that this issue be bro ught to the coaches of the Classic competito rs at the Coaches' Meeting.

VIII. USA CHAMPIONSHIPS The format for the training and competition environment at USA Cham pionships was discu ssed . The Elite Prog ra m Committee r( quested that there bea duplicate wa rm-up fac ility for USA Champio s hips. Kelly reported that this issu e has been resolved and is included in the format. The jud ging format that will be utilized at Classic Meet will be reviewed a nd then a decision w ill be made in volving the format for Cha mpionships. It was requ ested that three eight-inch mats be available for Classics and Championships.

IX. APPAREL-SPONSORSHIP M. Jacki addressed the d elega tion at the America n Cup and the coaches and athletes had the opportunity to meet with the Reebok and Alpha Factor personnel. The re lationship with these generous sponsors was certainly enhanced by this interface. The athletes a nd coaches expressed gratitud e for a ll the shoes and apparel that has been received. Coaches requested that Kelly work closely w ith some of the coaches in regard to future designs.

X. 1994/95 WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS The committee tabled this issue until the goa ls and objectives were discussed.

XI. NEW LEVEL FOR 1994 - NATIONAL ELITE SEASON Kelly gave an overview of the new concept for compe tition of thi s level of Elite athletes. The Elite Program Committee w ill be finalizing this at their meeting. Concern was expressed about the "title" of the level.

XII. WORLD UNIVERSITY GAMES Kell y has been informed tha t the CAA rul es concerning allaround competitors in NCAA meets was altered this yea r and that a university is not req uired to compete an yone as an all-around competi tor. As a result of this ruling, it is possible that very fine collegiate athletes might not have 5 a ll-aro und scores for petitioning.

Kelly reques ted that this number be reduced to TWO SCORES. The committee agreed UNANIMOUSLY XII. TRIALS FOR 1994/95- CLASSICS AND TRIALS - QUALIFICATIONS Committee tabled this discu ssion until the goa ls and objecti ves are discussed.

XIII. SELECTION PROCEDURES Tabled until ti me frame has been established by the Olymp Committee.

XIV. COACHES ETHICS The committee reques ted tha t a Code of Ethi cs be written for the Na ti onal Tea m Coaches.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

The Women's Technical Committee and National Coaching Staff Present: An Introduction to the

1993 WOMEN'S CODE

OF POINTS

FORCOJlC:~~_StIlnDGES _____________ ,

It's Not Too Late 'S'TER NOW FOR THE SYMPOS \1-.EG' /Ulv[

USGFIWTC SYMPOSIUM 1993 WOMEN'S CODE OF POINTS FOR COACHES

AND JUDGES LAS VEGAS· JUNE 3-6,1993 • REGISTRATION FORM ame: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Telephone: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Address: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ City: _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __

To consider yourself a true professional you will need to acquire a command of the new rules. This opportunity to learn from and work with the most respected gymnastics experts won't happen again in this quadrennium. TWO TRACKS-ONE FROM THE JUDGES' VIEWPOINT AND ONE FROM THE COACHES-Events will not confilict-Your beam coach can attend both tracks on that event for a complete understanding and perspective of development and evaluation. JOlNT SESSIONS-interfacing both tracks DATED for interesting "debate".

seALL the U~ Be the first to ~¥';RlALS-includtngf t~f TECHNICAL F POINTS. Handouts 0 a FIG CODE a heads included. lectures and over

\ MISS It\ISOPPORTUNITY TO UNDERSTAND THfS)<

COACHES

USG F

0 .: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Sta te: _ _ __

Zip Cod e: _ _ _ __

SS No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Symposium Cost I USGF Pro-members I Non members

$40.00 $60.00

I I Please check method of paymellt: I [ [ CHECK (Make checks payable to USA Gymnastics) I No. Return forms and I checks to: [ I MC [ I VISA I USA Gymnastics, I Card Number: Exp. Date: 201 S. Capitol, I Ca rd Holder's Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Suite 300, I Indianapolis, IN ILSIg_______________________ nature 46225 I ( pri n t)

~

iHOTELRESE~ATIONS-------------1

June 3-6, 1993 • Las Vega$, NV Schedule: Thursday June 3rd

Last Na me: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

First Na me: _ _ _ __

Spouse: _ _ __

Address: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

5:00-7:00 pm

Friday & Saturday June 4th & 5th 9:30 am-5:30 pm Sunday June 6th

WTC SYMPOSIUM • LAS VEGAS • JUNE 3-6, 1993

City: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Telephone: (day) _ _ __

9:30 am- 12:00 noon

Safety Course 1:00 pm-6:00 pm Featured Presenters Include: Marian Dykes Linda Beran Muriel Grossfeld

Cheryl Hamilton

Audrey Schweyer

SEE Y'ALL IN VEGAS! BRIGHT LIGHTS-BRIGHT MINDS-BRIGHT IDEAS TECHNIQUE May 1993

Room (Please Check One):

_ _ __

Sta te: _ __

_

Zip Code: _ _ _ __

(night) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

[ I Single [ I Double [ I Triple

I am traveling w ith or would like to room nea r

_~

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

I am interested in a pre/ post tour _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Please check method of paymell t: (a deposit of SSG/persall is reqllired to gllarn ll tee reservatiolls) [ I CHECK [ I MC [ I VISA [ I AM EX

Mail to: WORLDTEK TRAVEL Ca rd umber: _ _ _ __ __ _ Exp. Date: _ _ __ 111 Water Street New Haven, cr 06511 Sig nature: Attn: Maria 1-800--243-1723 L"finlla t iol::!. r~va tio l ~ill be sell t IIpo lI:::..eiPt of deposit. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

45

:J

Women's 1993-1996 Elite Compulsory Clinic Salt Lake City, UT This clinic was conducted in conjunction with the 1993 American Classic competition in Salt Lake City, UT, March 25-28, 1993.

Ever since the first presentation of the 1993-96 Premier presentation of the F.I.G. elite compulsory exercises in Indianapolis, held in conjunction with the 1991 World Gymnastics Championships, there has been little F.I.G. information available to the coaches and judges attempting to prepare elite athletes. This was the result of the FIG /WTC needing to take time to evaluate input from the various FIG member federations before finalizing the exercises and the judging expectations and parameters.

While the FIG/WTC still has some final decisions to consider, the USA Gymnastics clinic held in Salt Lake City represented the MOST up-to-date interpretation available. USA Gymnastics has documented the workshop in a 3.5 hour videotape (SLP format). Copies of the Salt LakeCity clinic were sent to National Team Coaches as well as Regional Chairmen. Interested coaches and judges may arrange to view or duplicate a copy of the workshop video through any of these individuals or may ordered a personal copy through the USA Gymnastics Merchandise Department. (Item #2149, $15.95 -call 317-237-5060 and have your MasterCard or Visa information ready) The clinicians for the workshop included USA Gymnastics National Team Training Staff members Muriel Grossfeld, Arthur Akopyan, Steve Elliott, Tamara Biggs, and Geza Poszar-as well as Roe Kreutzer (EPCC).

WOMEN's Code of Points "We are already competing using the

A note of explanation Preparation of the Code of Points is always a long and difficult endeavor that is complicated by FI G approval process and the numerous translations of the material and information. The FIG produced an "official" Code for distribution internationally. The design of this Code was in a new format that included descriptions and explanations in three languages (French, German and English) in a single 8.5" x 11" publication instead of three separate and distinct publications as in the past.

Upon examination of the official trilingual FIG publication, Jackie Fie discovered that the literal English translations from the working German text included numerous syntax errors. Madam Fie solicited the FIG for the right for USA Gymnastics to produce an English-only version of the Code. This task has been undertaken by Jackie Fie with the assistance of many volunteer hours by Mr. Lance Crowley.

While this effort has unfortunately taken additional time in making the Code available to coaches an judges in the U.s., the result is a much more accurate and usable document for the English speaking community. The U.S. English version will be available in the same 8.5" x 11" size as the FIG trilingual version and uses the "official" FIG three-ring binders.

In order to a void increasing the cost of the new Codes during the 1993-96 quadrennium over previous versions, the FIG selected to utilize binders made from a plasticized cardboard material instead of the expensive vinyl covered heavy cardboard binders that were offered in the past. As part of the agreement with the FIG to produce an English language version of the Code, USA Gymnastics had to agree to purchase the preprinted FIG binders.

If you have not done so already, order your new Code now! Our thanks to Jackie Fie for her extra effort and work to insure that the U.S. gymnastics community has access to the best information available for the preparation and training of our international athletes, judges and coaches.

new requirements ... where's the Code?"

Correction This has been the BIG question in the minds of many U.s. judges and coaches. USA Gymnastics is pleased to announce that the U.s. English version of the official F.I.G. Code of Points for women's artistic gymnastics will be available for shipment May 31 . (Item #1101, $39.95)

46

In the article "Teaching the underarmswing on vaultto beginner gymnasts" by John Wojtczuk (Technique, May, 1993, Vol. 13,#3), the line in the first paragraph, page 14 should have read: "It is generally accepted and coached that the underarm swing is the most efficient technique to use on vaulting."

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

EDUCATION/EVENT CALENDAR Start No. DiscipDate dars line 5/10/93 MWR 5/ 13/ 93 4 W 5/14/ 93 3 R 5/ 20 / 93 3 W 5/21 / 93 4 M 1 MWR 5/22 / 93 5/ 22 / 93 1 MWR 5/ 22 / 93 3 W 1 MWR 5/ 23 / 93 2 R 5/ 30 / 93 6/4/93 3 R 6/3/93 4 W 6/6/93 1 MWR 6/12/93 2 M 6/12 / 93 7 M 6/17/93 27 M 6/17/93 4 MW 6/17/93 4 MWR 6/19/93 1 MWR 6/20/93 33M 6/23/93 5 MWR 6/23/93 4 MW 6/23/93 1 MWR 6/25/93 2 MWR 6/26/93 2 MWR 6/26/93 2 W 6/30/93 5 W '6/TBA 2 MW *6/TBA 1 MW 7/8 / 93 12 MW 7/17/93 2 W 7/ 17/ 93 1 MWR 7/17 / 93 1 MWR 7/18/93 2 MW 7/20/93 7 M 7/ 21/93 1 MW 7/ 21 / 93 4 W 7/23 / 93 10 MWR 7/25/93 1 MWR 7/30/93 3 MWR 7/31/ 93 1 MWR ~ 8/4/93 3 MW 8/5/93 12 M 8/5/93 4 W 8/5/93 1 MWR 8/6/93 2 MWR 8/12/93 6 R 8/12/93 6 R 8/14/93 1 MWR 8/19/93 4 MW 8/19/93 1 MWR 8/20/93 3 M 8/ 21/93 2 MWR 8/21/93 1 MW 8/25/93 4 MW 8/25/93 5 R 8/27/93 1 MWR 8/28/93 3 MW 9/ 9/ 93 4 MWR 9/12 / 93 1 R 9/ 16/ 93 3 M 9/19 / 93 1 MWR 9/ 28 / 93 6 M 9/30/ 93 4 W 10/3/93 1 MWR 10/3/93 1 MWR 10/15/93 2 W 10/25/93 5 R

Event City Safety Certification Course (8:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m.)

Edina Baltimore J.O. National - Level 10 Corbeil International Tournament Corbeil T.O.P. Training Camp (Group 1) Birmingham Sr. Men's Team Training Camp Colo. Spgs.

Safety Certifica tion Course (9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.)

Chicago Safety Certification Course (12:30-6:30 p.m.)

Tulsa T.O.P. Training Camp (Group 1) Birmingham Safety Certifica tion Course (10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.)

New Haven J.O. Nationals - Rhythmic Colo. Spgs.

U.S. Rhythmic Championships Colo. Spgs.

WTC Symposium Las Vegas Safety Certification Course (1:00-6:00 p.m.)

Las Vegas World University Games Trials Colo. Spgs.

10-11 Age Group Development Team Camp Colo. Spgs.

World University Team Preparation Camp Colo. Spgs.

Region VIII Mini-Congress Birmingham ACEP National Conference (Coaching America's Coaches) Indianapolis Safety Certification Course (9:00 a.m.-2:00 p .m.)

Stroudsburg *Men's Senior National Team Camp Colo. Spgs. xvrn American Sokol Slet USGF Coaching Workshop at Camp Greenkill Hugenot Safety Certification Course (5:30 p.m.-10:00 p.m.)

Huguenot USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (6:30-10:30 & 10:00-1 :30) Huguenot USGF/ ACEP Sport Science Course (3:00-7:00 & 10:00-2:00) Louisville Regional Elite Meets Various Sites Orlando NAWGJ National Symposium Champions Cup TBA TBA Champions Cup Exhibition World Universi ty Games (1 gymnastics session per day) Buffalo Various sites Regional Elite Meets USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.)

Denver Safety Certification Course (9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.)

Denver Triangular Exhibition: USA / UKR/BLR San Jose Junior Elite I & II Development Camp Colo. Spgs.

Hilton Challenge (BLR / UKR / USA) Los Angeles Elite Judges Course Tempe U.s. Olympic Festival San Antonio Safety Certification Course (9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.)

Simi Va lley USGF/ ACEP Sport Science Course (TBA) TBA Safety Certification Course (10:00 am-2:00 p.m.)

Columbus USGF Coaching Workshop at Woodward Camp Woodward Colo. Spgs.

Jr. National Team Camp U.s. Classic Nationals Austin Safety Certification Course (5:30 p.m.-9:30 p.m.)

Woodward USGF/ ACEP Sport Science Course (6:00-9:30 p.m. & 8:00-noon) Woodward Sr. National Team Training Camp Colo.Spgs Colo. Spgs.

Junior Olympic Training Camp USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (TBA) Indianapolis USGF Coaching Workshop at Lake Owen Camp Cable Safety Certification Course (1:30 p.m.-5:00 p.m.)

Cable S. Hadley Region VI Men's Gymnastics Symposium USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (6:00-9:00 & 10:00-3:00) Cable Broadcast Trinagular Competition (BLR/UKR/USA) ABC U.S. Championships Salt Lake City Colo. Spgs.

Junior Elite Training Camp Safety Certification Course (8:00 a.m.-l:00 p.m.)

Salt Lake City International Gymnastics Symposium Ankara USA Gymnastics Na tional Congress Atlanta World Championship Trials Atlanta FIG Men's Coaches/Jud ges Symposium Logano Safety Certification Course (11:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.)

New York City Regional Development Camp Colo. Spgs.

Cincinnati Region V Mini-Congress Safety Certification Course (10:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.)

Flemington Safety Certification Course (11:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.)

New York City Michigan State Congress Rochester TBA World Championship Team Training Camp Of>

TECHNIQUE May 1993

STI Phone CO Contact MN J.Thompson-Aretz 612-890-9020 317-237-5050 MD Connie Ma loney 317-237-5050 FRA Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 AL Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 Robert Cowan CO 312-347-6770 Monte Kimes IL 817-694-4214 OK Jan Eyman 317-237-5050 AL Kathy Kell y 203-397-4182 CT Bob Beach 317-237-5050 CO Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 CO Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 NY Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 NY Suzanne Suckow 317-237-5050 CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 CO Robert Cowan 205-991-0256 Inman Academy AL 217-351-5076 ACEP IN 717-629-0244 PA Bruno Klaus 317-237-5050 CO Robert Cowan 708-795-0539 IL Jackie Kourim 317-237-5050 NY Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 NY Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 Dave Moskovitz NY S. Schoenbaechler 502-452-7561 KY 317-237-5050 Kathy Kelly 305-755-9197 Rene Niccollai FL 317-237-5050 Mike Juszczyk 317-237-5050 Mike Juszczyk 317-237-5050 NY Cowan / Kelly 317-237-5050 Kathy Kelly 303-373-2797 CO Betsy Sprague 303-373-2797 Betsy Sprague CO 317-237-5050 CA Mike Juszczyk 317-237-5050 CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 CA Mike Juszczyk 317-237-5050 AZ Kathy Kelly 719-632-5551 TX USOC 818-845-0700 CA Jeff Lulla Norbert Bendixon 708-566-4411 IL 614-457-1279 OH Bobbi Montanari 317-237-5050 PA Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 Robert Cowan CO 317-237-5050 Kathy Kelly TX 317-237-5050 Dave Moskovitz PA 317-237-5050 Dave Moskovitz PA 3] 7-237-5050 CO Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 CO Nora Hitzel USA Gymnastics 317-237-5050 IN Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 WI 317-237-5050 WI STeve Whitlock 508-771-2118 MA Mike Jacobson 317-237-5050 Dave Moskovitz WI Wide World of Sports 317-237-5050 UT Mike Juszczyk 317-237-5050 CO Nora Hitzel Suzanne Suckow 317-237-5050 UT (4) 310 44 70 TUR Atilla Orsel 317-237-5050 GA Kathy Brown 317-237-5050 GA Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 SUI Robert Cowan 203-924-8666 NY Joan Hicks 317-237-5050 CO Robert Cowan 513-489-7575 OH Jeff Metzger 201-586-1808 Cathy Finkel NJ 203-924-8666 NY Joan Hicks 313-742-2151 MI Judy Freiheit 317-237-5050 Nora Hitzel

Tenta ti ve

47

-

-

-

-

-

Non-profit Organization U.s. Postage PAID Permit No. 7867 Indianapolis, IN

USA GYlllnastics

SAFETY CERTIFICATION Safety Certification Courses Monday, May 10, 1993 Edina, MN - 8:00 am-1:00 pm TAGS-Edina 5201 Eden Circle Edina, MN 55436 Course Dir.: Julia Thompson-Aretz (612) 890-9020 Saturday, May 22, 1993 Chicago, IL - 9:00 am-4:00 pm Whitney-Young High School 210 S. Loomis Chicago, IL 60607 Course Dir.: M. Kimes (312) 347-6770 Saturday, May 22, 1993 Tulsa, OK-12:30 pm-6:30 pm American Gymnastics of Tulsa 7246 East 38th St. Tulsa, OK 74145 Course Dir.: Jan Eyman (817) 694-4214 Local Contact: Becky Rupe (918) 664-2220 Sunday, May 23, 1993 New Haven, CT-I0:00 am-4:00 pm So. Connecticut State Univ.

Fitch Street, Pelz Gym Room #1 New Haven, CT 06515 Course Dir.: Bob Beach (203) 397-41 82 Saturday, June 19, 1993 Stroud sburg, PA - 9:00 am-2.00 pm International Gymnastics Camp, Golden Slipper Rd. Stroudsburg, PA 18360 Course Dir.: John Perna Local Contact: B. Klaus (717) 629-0244 Wednesday, June 23, 1993 Hugenot, NY - 5:30 pm -10:00 pm Camp Greenkill, PO Box B Huguenot, NY 12746 Course Dir.: Dave Moskovitz (317) 237-5050 Local phone: (914) 856-4282 This cOllrsewill be held ill COlljllllCtioll with the USA Gyll/llastics Sllllllller Coaches Workshop.

Saturday, July 17, 1993 Denver, CO-9:00 am-6:00 pm SS Gymnastics 12445 E. 39th Ave, Suite 505 Denver, CO 80239 Course Dir.: Betsy Sprague (303) 373-2797 Sunday, July 25, 1993 Simi Valley, CA- 9:00 am-5:00 pm Imagymation Gymnastics 4685 Unit 3G Industrial St. Simi Valley, CA 93063 Course Dir.: Jeff Lu lla (818) 845-0700

Saturday, July 31,1993 Columbus, OH -10:00 am-2:00 pm Radisson Hotel Columbus North 4900 Sinclair Rd. Columbus, OH 43229 Course Dir.: Bobbi Montanari (614) 457-1279 This cOllrse will illelllde participallts frolll the YMCA of USA..

Thursday, August 5, 1993 Woodward, PA - 5:30 pm-9:30 pm Woodward Gymnastics Camp P.O. Box 93 Woodward, PA 16882 (812) 349-5633 Course Dir.: Michael Rizzuto / Dave Moskovitz Phone: (317) 237-5050

Sunday, October 3, 1993 Flemington, NJ - 10:00 am-6:00 pm Gymnastics Unlimi ted RD#5 Box 80 Flemington, NJ 08822 Course Dir.: C. Finkel (201) 586-1 808 Sunday, October 3, 1993 New York City, NY - 11 :00 am-5:00 pm Sutton Gymnastics 20 Cooper Squa re New York City, NY 10003 Course Dir.: Joan Hicks (203) 924-8666

1.

This COllrse will be held ill COlljllllCtioll with the USA Gyll/llastics Sllllllller Coaches Workshop.

Thursday, August 19, 1993 Cable, WI - 1:30 pm-5:00 pm Lake Owen Camp HC 60, Box 60 Cable, WI 54821 Course Dir.: Steve Whitlock / Dave Moskovi tz Phone: (317) 237-5050 This CO llrse will be held ill CO lljllll Ct ioll with the USA Gy/l/llastics Slimmer Coaches Workshop.

2.

3.

4.

..........

--

lhetextbookfortheCertific:otionCourse is the USGF GYMNASTICS SAFETY MANUAL This text/reference manual is 10 be purchased and studied prior 10 course participation.

The course will take approximately six hours, including the test.

Certification is good for four years.

The Course/examination fee is $100.00. USA Gymnastics members and second cycle recertification is $75.00. Retest cost is $25.00.

For groups of at least 5, contact the USA Gymnastics Department of Safety and Education.

1-

r-------------------------, Participation Registration Form T593

Name: Mr. / Mrs. / Ms._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _.SOc. Sec. # _ _ _ _ _ __ Address: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ City: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _State: _ _ _ _ _ _Zip_ _ __ Telephone: (H) (B) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Course Director: _________________________ Course Location: _________________ Date: _ _ _ __ Organization Represented: ____________________ If USA Gymnastics Member, List Type and Number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Form of Payment: 0 Check 0 Visa 0 Mastercard Name on Card: ___________ Number: _________ Expiration Date: _ _ _ __ Signature: _______________ Please make checks payable in full to USA Gymnastics Safety Certification Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics Safety, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol, Indianapolis, IN 46225

I I Registration Form Received:___________________ I L _________________________ ~ Confirmation Mailed: I DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE â&#x20AC;˘ FOR OFFICE USE ONLY

)