Issuu

u.s. Gymnastics The Official Technical Publication Of The United States Gymnastics Federation

â€˘

Educational Gymnastics Comes of Age Women's Tracking Program Conditioning Factors in FX USGF Congress in New Orleans

CHALLENGES IN THE 1990 s l

What is the Gymnaestrada? Reports & Minutes

NEW USGP VIDEO-TAPES Tapes from the World Championships #2180 - Women's Optional Finals -The top women in each event. (1 :00, A+) ..................... .............................. ..$15.95 #2181 - Womens Optional All-Around Competition - the top 36 all-a rounders compete in each event (2:00,A+ ) ..... $19.95 #2182 - Women's Compulsory Competition (2:00). Selected routines from gymnasts from various countries. Edited by event (A) ............... ........................ ... $19.95 #2184- Women's Team Competition USSR, CHN, ROM, and USA (1 :37) (A) ...................................................... $19.95 #2185- Women's Team Competition PRK/ CAN / DDR/ BUL (A) .. ..................... $19.95 #2260 - Men's All-Around Finals -The top all-a rounders in all 6 events. (2:00) (A) ........... ...... ........ ........... ............ .....$19.95 #2261 - Men's Compulsory Exercises Edited by event (A) .......... .............. $15.95 #2262 -Men's Individual Finals (A) .... $19.95

WOMEN'S TAPES #2127 "Dance Levels 1 & 3 Explained, Explored and Expanded." An excellent video for the gymnast wanting to learn more about dance. Includes an audio cassette! ....................................... .. ...... $15.95

order any of these tapes, or other educational materials presented in this issue, please complete this order form and send to:

,--

u.s. GYMNASTICS

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#2152 1989 American Classic Optionals Dallas, 11 / 89 (1 :30, A) ..................$15.95 #2153 1989 American Classic Comps. Dallas, 11 / 89 (1 :30, A) .. ....................... $15.95 WOMEN'S COMPULSORY TAPES: #2105 1989-92 LevelI-N Compulsory VHS The new developmental exercises for your class and recreational students. (A+) .........................................................$79.95 #2106 1989-92 Level 5-7 Compulsory VHS The new compulsory routmes that will be utilized beginning with the Fall season. (A+) ................. ........ ............. $ 89.95 #2107 1989-92 Level 10 Compulsory VHS This is adapted from the 1989-92 Elite Compulsory routines. (A+ )........... $49.95 #2108 Special price for purchasing all three of the 1989-92 Compulsory Levels above. (A+) .. ........ ... .....................$189.95 #2160 Champ. of the USA '89 - Women's Comps. (2:00, B) ..............................$15.95 #2161 Champ. of the USA '89 - Women's Optionals (B) ..................................... $15.95

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April-June 1990 TECHNIQUE

Inside This Issue

April-June 1990, Volume 10, No.2 Women's Technical

Publisher Mike Jacki

Questions and Answers ............................ .4

Director of Educational 'Services Stephen W. Whitlock

Educational Gymnastics Comes of Age .. 9

Production Luan Peszek United States Gymnastics Federation Board Of Directors Executive Director: Mike Jacki; President: Mike Donahue; President Emeritus: Bud Wilkinson; Athlete Representatives: Brian Babcock, chair; Kathy Johnson, vice chair; LindaKardos-Bamett, sec; Kelly Garrison; Wendy Hilliard; Tim Daggett; Jim Hartung; Peter Vid mar; USOC Athletic Advisory Council; Amateur Athletic Union: Julie Sickels; American Sokol Organization: Norma Zabka; American Turners: Bruno Klaus; Junior Boys Gymnastics Coaches Association: Bill Foster; Men's Elite Coaches Association: Jim Howard; National Association for Girls and Women in Sports: Dr. Mimi Murray; National Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Men: Fred Roethlisberger; National Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Women: Gail Davis; National Association of Women's Gymnastics Judges: Dale Brown; National Collegiate Athletic Association: Sylvia Moore, Dave Mickelson; National Federation of State High School Associations: Sharon Wilch, Susan True; National G~nastics Judges Association: Harry Bjerke; National Hlgh School Gymnastics Coaches Association: John Brinkworth; National Jewish Welfare Board: Courtney Shanken; Rhythmic CoachesAssociation: Pauline David; Special Olympics, Inc.: Kate Faber; U.S. Association of Independent Gym Club: LanceCrowley; U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Women: Roe Kreutzer, Chere Hoffman; U.S. Sports Acrobatics Federation: Joe Schabacker; Young Men's Christian Association: Cliff Lothery; USGF National Membership Representatives: Men's: Dave Strobel, Bob Wuornos; Women's: Joan Moore Rice, Jeff Metzger; Rhythmic: Marina Davidovich, Jolie Barretta.

United States Gymnastics Federation Executive Committee President: Mike Donahue; Secretary: Mike Milidonis; Vice President~Women: Sue Ammerman; Vice President~Men: Jim Howard; Executive Director. Mike Jacki; FIG Women'sTechnical Committee: Jackie Fie; FIG Rhythmic TechnicalCommittee: Andrea Schmid; FIG Men's Technical Committee: Bill Roetzheim; Members-At-Large: Roe Kreutzer; Nancy Marshall; Athlete Representatives: Kathy Johnson, Peter Vidmar, Wendy Hilliard, Brian Babcock; President Emeritus: Bud Wilkinson.

Associate Content Editors SPORTS MEDICINE COMMITIEE: Merrill A. Ritter, MD. Frank A. Pettrone, MD. James J. Campbell, MD. SAFETY COMMITIEE: Gerald S. George, PhD. EDUCATION COMMITIEE: Susan True BIOMECHANICS COMMITIEE: MarIene Adrian, PhD. SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY COMMITIEE: Keith Henschen, PhD. EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY COMMITIEE: Pat Eisenman, Ph.D. Unless expressly identified to the contrary, all articles, sta tements and views printed herein are a ttributed solely to the author and the United States Gymnastics Federation expresses no opinion hereon and assumes no responsibility thereof.

TECHNIQUE April - June 1990

Educational/Developmental Gymnastics

(5(1

Foundations for Success .......................... 10 Strength & Conditioning

l 4t:S.,.

l!O

100

(Ai 1l""tSiGol

page 17

Conditioning Factors in FX ..................... 12 Men's Technical

Men's Elite Requirements ....................... 15 Research

Women's Tracking Program, Pt. 2 .......... 17 General Gymnastics

What is the Gymnaestrada? .................... 22 page 22

Boy's Gymnastics

1989 JO Skill Test Review ........................ 25 USGF Congress Information .................. 28 Minutes & Reports

Men's JOPC Minutes ............................................ 30 MPC Minutes ................................ .. ...................... 32 1991 World Championships Report .................. 33 Women's 1991 Team Selection Procedures ...... 34 Text Differences between Level 10 & Elite ....... 35 Women's Supplement to the Code .................... 37 Women's Judges Training Manual .................... 42 WTC Minutes ........................................................ 44 JO Conference Call Minutes ................................ 46 RSG - Clarification of the Risk Taking Bonus .. 47 RSG - Program Committee .................................. 48 RSG - J.O. Program Committee .......................... 50 CHANGE QF ADDRESS AND SUBSCRIPTION lNQU IRIES: In order to ensure uninterrupted delivery ofTECHNIOUE magazine, notice of change of address should be made six to eight weeks in advance. For fas test service, please enclose your present mailing label. Direct all subscription mail to TECHNIQU E Subscriptions, Pan America n Plaza, 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225. TECHNIQUE is published quarterly for $12.00 by the United Sta tes Gymnastics Federation, Pa n American Plaza, 201 S. Ca pitol Ave., Suite 3OO, Indianapolis, IN 46225 (phone: 317-237-5050). Third class postage paid at Indianapolis, IN. Subscription price: $12.00 per year in United States; all other countries $24.00 per year. Back issue single copies $2.00 plus $1.00 postage/handling. All reasonable ca re w ill be taken, but no responsibility can be assumed for unsolicited ma terial; enclose return postage. Copyright 1990 by USGF and TECHNIQUE. All rights reserved . Printed in USA.

page 28

F./.G. Technical Report

Questions and Answers Jackie Fie Vice President, WTCfFIG

August, 1989

The following document is a slightly edited version of one that was distributed to all judges present at the WC '89 during the Judges Course. It now serves as an official intrepretation of the '89-'92 Code and Principles of Originality.

Award: +0.1 for I} element only- +0.1 for Princlple 2.5: gym/aero direct connection (B + B or B + C) Floor:

t ,B

General Questions from the various Judges' Courses of FIG ... Answers decided at the meetings of FIG/WTC in April 1989 in Paris, July 1989 in Stuttgart

+0.2

6Y B/

V +0.1

Award: +0.2 for

only- +0.1 for Princlple 3.3: +0.1 for Principle 3.2:

YES.

NOTE: "Non-adherence to competition order ... each time 0.30 P." (Insert in Code; deduction taken by C-Judge) 2. Is agreement on the bonus awarded by the CJudge and the six (6) judges necessary?

ANS:

Examples:

fl.

Beam:

, +0.1

(DV)

(CV)

4. Can devalued elements (element with this execution not listed in the Table) serve to value raise directly connected elements?

rt ~ ~JB+ B 1\

~JB+B

Beam:

element

only- +0.1 for Princlple 2.2: +0.1 for Principle 2.4:

Bars:

Award: +0.1 for

)

Wf ~ ~JB+B

v[(+O.l

+0.1

Beam: +0.1

ANS: Within a BP Connection each principle may be used only one time.

Examples:

NO.

3. May Bonus Points be awarded for two different bonus connections within one (1) series?

() B

(CV)

+0.1 4

element

NO. There is no longer a deduction for

Is there a deduction for "incorrect order of competition?"

ANS:

,~+~O~.~l__~(~C~V)~~(D~V~)~/

1. For "failure to immediately leave the podium after an exercise," is the deduction 0.30 Points (P)?

ANS: that.

;{!)

I);

+0.1

(DV)

ANS: NO. Devalued elements (with this execution not listed in the Table) may not be value raised or serve to value raise the next directly connected element. 5. Must the gymnast wear her national emblem in Competition II and III?

ANS:

YES. April - May 1990 TECHNIQUE

6. When would the C-Judge deduct 0.20 P. from the average score for "coach obstructing the view of the judging panel" - when: a. Obstructing the view of C-Judge? ANS: YES.

ANS: When one is unable to differentiate, then evaluate using the 9.9 P. "lower Starting Value." 2. In Competition III the gymnast performs the

b. Obstructing view of one judge, who reports to C-Judge on score slip or by phone? ANS: NO. c. Obstructing view of at least 50% of the panel judges (reported to C-Judge)? ANS:YES. 7. When would the deduction for "no mount 0.30 P." versus "mount easier than A -0.10 P."

same vault twice. How is the final score calculated? ANS:

= Score

Score of 1st vault + 2nd vault 2

Example: 9.75 + 9.65

= 19.40

= 9.70 -1.00 8.70 Final Score

be utilized? ANS: "No mount -0.30 P." is to be omitted from the Code. Only -0.10 P. for "mount easier than A" will be used. 8. When determining a medium error of 0.25 and more on bonus connections, are deductions during a series of directly or indirectly connected elements cummulative? ANS: One element with 0.25 P. or more error results in no B.P. for the series. The deductions are not added. 9. What is the deduction in C-Ib if 2 team members are wearing non-identical (different) leotards than the other 4 gymnasts? ANS: Minus0.10P.eachfromtheTeamScore, that is in this case -0.20 P. 10. If the gymnast falls from the apparatus and

does not remount in order to perform a dismount, in addition to penalties of 0.50 P. for the fall and 0.30 P. for no dismount, is there a 0.10 P. deduction for missing SR - B dismount from the Starting Value (SV)? ANS:

YES.

Uneven Bars \

1. Must element 3.97 .

ANS: Two times, the same as B, C, and 0 elements.

Vault 1. If a vault can not be identified as performed,

is it evaluated using the SV of the lowest of highest vault value?

Example: Flashed:

3.62

Performed:

either 2.61

9.9P.

/l - l}.Q.I

or 2.91 /1,- TECHNIQUE April - May 1990

Ofr

9.9 P. 10.0 P.

'I..

come from

a handstand to receive D value part credit? ANS: YES. NOTE: If this element is not performed from a handstand, for example:

~ ~~ then it is a "e" 2. Does element 3.32

fulfill the SR "B element with flight phase," when only a hopgrip change on the downswing is visible? ANS: NO. This does not constitute flight.

3. How many elements are counted in the following movements? One or two?

~~~

~ ANS:

11. How many times can identical A- elements be recognized in an exercise for value part credit, if they are preceded or followed by a different connection?

-1.00 penalty = Score

Only one 0) element.

4. When would the penalty for "predominance of close bar execution - up to 0.20 P./I be taken? ANS: The penalty would be taken if the exercise exemplified the following characteristics: •

insufficient performance of elements through handstand phase. • insufficient amplitude of casts and swings forward. • too many elements with support of the hips or feet.

5. Concerning "execution predominantly in one direction - up to 0.20 P." • does this refer to only L.A.) turns? • how many L.A. turns of a minimum of 180 0 are sufficient - 1 or 2? • will one (1) 360 0 tum be sufficient? • may the L.A. turns be executed in the mount and dismount alone or must there be at least one (1) 1800 tum within the exercise? Can a general rule or principle be formulated?

counting the number of elements on the HB?

ANS: NO general principle or new Special Requirement was decided upon. What is the deduction in the following exercises for "execution predominantly in one direction?"

ANS:

YES.

b) Will count as 1 of the 2 elements on the LB needed to fulfill the SR? ANS:

11 .! / / fi 0( LY1 ~> L l2 '1 -'1 /'~ LTb) (J\ ~) L Y U. L7 t;/ uI u. a)

-0.20

l:-U.V

L~c) Lj ~ / ~ ~ y ~> L-= / y{ ~ ~ ~

A d) !- ("

v( J-) ~ t-=0

~ e{ c)

-0.10

0..QQ.J -0.10

NO.

10. In elements 2.34 I ~ and 2.64 ~ ~ is a stretched body momentarily in flight a technical requirement for recognition at B or C respectively?

ANS:

YES.

11. Principles for Original Connections: a) Are mounts "without turns" considered for bonus credit?

Examples: ~

1.62 6. May BP be awarded for two direct connections within one (1) series, that is using the middle element twice?

ANS:

1.62 without flight = no bonus points.

Examples: +.2 +0.1

+0.1

, D

+.1 +2.66

)

+.1 ANS:

YES.

+0.1

1.91 ~~

C (DV)

v +0.1

+0.1

~'7

D/ ,

b) Are dismounts "without turns" considered for bonus credit?

+0.2

D V

+0.2

+0.1

~rY! ~

+0.1

C + C (DV) ANS: YES. , B or C?

7. What is the value of

ANS:

What is the value of

ANS: 8. Is a

,A orB?

considered a different

element than a

ANS: YES.

L"1

r : -4

9. Concerning element 1.36 followed by: 7.02 a) Will

count as the first element when

ffly

+0.1

XI} LuQ/ C + C (DV)

ANS: NO. Dismountsmustshowatleast180째 tum.

Balance Beam 1. For the composition it is to be noted: "per_ formance of elements in forward, sideward, backward movement and in a side, cross, and also oblique position to the apparatus." What is the deduction for insufficient directional changes in the movements - elements and spatially in relation to the apparatus? 0.10 P. or up to 0.20 P.? April- May 1990 TECHNIQUE

ANS: Up to 0.10 P. 2. Do direct connections of elements to or from

a held position (2 sec. with no movement) fulfill the mixed series or acro special requirement (SR)?

6. Must the dismount be preceded by a minimum B element with flight for value raising to occur? If yes, may the B element with flight be either acro or gym?

Examples:

Examples: ~

y I/l A-tB (2 sec.)

A+A (2 sec.) ANS: NO.

yV-jy =

B+A (2 sec.)

" C + C (DV) ~

f} 1

A+B (2 sec.)

B+B (2 sec.)

NO.

+0.2

3. Principle for Original Connections 2.1 -

+0.1

ANS:

Example:

YES.

4. Can the mixed series SR be performed in a mount or dismount series?

~----~v ~------~'

+ 0.1

YES.

5. Can wave elements a) fulfill mixed series SR, i.e.?

cial Requirements are recognized?

ANS:

~.[I

1 aero or 1 mixed series

b) ~

e) ~~ II

1 aero and 1 mixed series

1 mixed and 1 aero series

B + B (CV)

e) / l y-

YES.

b) fulfill gymnastics series SR, i.e.?

ANS: 1 aero and 1 mixed series

rg:f ~

A +A

fall

,~--------~~

ANS:

?[ 2L

8. In the following Series, how many series Spe-

Examples: B (CV)

nc//

ANS: a) There is value raising: B DV DV b) No BP are given c) Deduct 0.50 P. for a fall

C+D?

, C

YES. YES, it may be either aero or gym .

7. If a landing on the beam onto one or two feet is fully completed before a fall, what is the rule?

or does it include the possibility of a sideward connection such as,

, B + C (DV)

saltos directly connected with directional change. Does directional change refer only to forward and backward, i.e.

ANS:

NO.

)J2f4,

1 mixed or 1 gym series

rY\;) X 1 mixed, 1 aero, and 1

f) ~ / I

gym series

~ 2t

A+A ANS:

YES.

Floor Exercise

c) value raise the following element, i.e.?

~ -J,;v

(See 6.2 Gymnastics B + C (DV) examples in Code)

ANS:

YES.

d) be value raised, i.e.?

J};2t B + B (CV)

ANS:

1. Will the following direct connection to or from a held position (2 sec. with no movement) fulfill the mixed series SR?

Examples: (2 sec.) {

ANS:

Â˘

V (2 sec.)

A+A

B+B

NO.

YES.

TECHNIQUE April - May 1990

2. What is the extra 0 credit and Bonus, if any, if the following acrobatic series are executed in an exercise in C-II and C-III?

o ~~0-

ANS:

= +0.20 BP for connection, Principle 3.3 and 0 .iliU is performed in a different post connection for value part credit. 0 + A (BY)

~ ~ ~ + B (CY)

= +0.20 BP for connection, Principle 3.3 and also (repetition) +0.20 BP for dismount series, Principle 3.6.

'--' 7'

a) In C-II, +0.10 BP for extra D. b) In C-III, no BP for extra D. 3. Is a ~ (split leap into forward roll) considered 1 or 2 elements? ANS: 1 element with B value. Note that a Q -

is not an element in the Table.

4. Do the following direct connections fulfill the mixed series and the gym series SR? a) Mixed Series: hop with 1/1 turn (360°) ~ X 9 (not in Code) _ .V t b) Gymnastics Series: 0 chasse with 1/1 turn (360°), (not in Code) / ~ --:E-----'

ANS: YES, since these elements possess a comparable difficulty level with the existing elements listed in the Table. 5. Does the following series contain both Special Requirements - mixed and gymnastics series or only one of them?

Example:

~~~

ANS: 'Either a mixed ([~ or a gymnastic ~ series is recognized. (For both series to be recognized at least 5 elements must be directly connected).

ANS:

There are two series: o

and ~

8. In the following exercise, what is the deduction for acrobatic series SR and how many possible BP will be given? Example: ANS: l.Ser. ~ 0 -0.10 for missing twq different saltos -0.10 for missing a 2.Ser. ~n D different series, but 3.Ser. ~ No +0.10 for BP, Principle 3.6. 9. In the following exercises, what are the deductions for acrobatic series SR? Examples: ANS: * -0.1 missing series. -0.1 missing serie~ with 2 saltos or 1 q salto. b) * -0.1 different series. -0.1 missing serie kif /ryyS* with 2 saltos or 1 q salto.

~kW

* -0.1 no series. ** -0.1 different series. -0.1 missing serie~i with 2 saltos or 1 D salto. j

10. Is there value raising in the following mixedl series?

Examples:

¢ -~

¢~

B+B

ANS: YES.

YES.

1-1 -

/\ -

6. Is a handstand pirouette element valid as a component part of a mixed series?

Example:

or reversed

ANS: YES, if no pause exists between the two elements. 7. How many acrobatic series are there in the following series?

April - May 1990 TECHNIQUE

)

Educational Gymnastics

Educational Gymnastics In the months and years ahead you will be hearing more and more about such terms as Educational Gymnastics, Sequential Gymnastics, and Developmental Gymnastics. Educators are beginning to recognize that gymnastics activities are fundamental to physical education. A child cannot control a ball or implement without first controlling his or her own body, and herein lies the basic contribution of gymnastics to education; self awareness and self control.

motor skills. And the physical education major takes one or at the most two courses in gymnastics. In these courses we try to teach too much. Those of us who have taught giant swings and double back flips find it very difficult not to cover the complete competitive agenda. But this is far far too much to throw at a young person who will be responsible for the entire physical education program of an elementary school.

Our children and our sport will benefit

Thus far there has not been a gymnastics curriculum which insured safe instruction within an educational environment. The Education SubCommittee set out immediately to establish criteria by which to measure the educational usefulness of a gymnastics curriculum. First the program has to be safe, next it has to be educationally sound with a step by step progression up through the grades and thirdly its difficulty level must be within reach of 20 million children and their teachers. In order to establish this type of curriculum the Education Sub-Committee revised one program and created a second. These programs are now published under the titles Teaching Developmental Gymnastics (for grades pre-K to 3) and Sequential Gymnastics (for grades 3 through 6).

The USGF Education Sub~Committee has been working since 1985 to develop an educational approach to gymnastics. The benefits of a successful educational program to the sport of gymnastics and to young children would be immense and would have a tremendous affect on physical education throughout this nation. Young children will improve self control and with that self understanding which many educators feel is lacking in education today. And one of the far reaching effects of an educational program would be that our elite gymnasts would become even more respected as the ultimate athlete. There are over 20 million children in our elementary schools and their appreciation for gymnastics would be greatly enhanced.

Fear of Injury The resistance to gymnastics in the schools has come from those who have a fear of debilitating injury and/ or insurance liability. When a physical education teacher is expected to teach gymnastics, all too quickly the front roll leads to the front flip and then an injury occurs. The experienced gymnastics coach may know how to avoid injuries, but it is the physical education teacher who is responsible for teaching the 20 million children in our elementary schools. These teachers are the ones who must carry our program to children and it is these teachers who must be trained in educational gymnastics.

Teacher Training Preparation of the physical education teacher is the crux of the matter. A physical education teacher in the elementary schools must be prepared to teach not only gymnastics but also rhythm, fitness, games of low organization and TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

Educational Curriculum

Introduction to Schools The first step of introducing these educational gymnastics programs to the schools has already been taken. First the Developmental Gymnastics curriculum (grades pre-K to 3) was presented to the USGF Congress in St. Louis, 1987. A presentation of Sequential Gymnastics (grades 3 through 6) was given to the USGF Congress in Philadelphia, 1989. And a presentation was given to the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 1989 conference in Boston. All of these presentations have been extremely well received. There remains the larger challenge of follow through to get our programs introduced at the state levels and to the teacher training institutions. This will be a lengthy and arduous task, but the benefits seem worth the effort. In subsequent articles we will describe the larger forces in education and research which suggest that these programs will not only be received, but might well become the focal point for the revolutionary changes to take place in our nations education system. 9

Garland Q'Quinn, Ph.D. USGF Education Subcommittee

Developmental Gymnastics

Foundations for Success: Motor and Psychosocial Development in the Preschool Years Tom A. Crawford, Ph.D.

National Institute for Fitness and Sport

lthough there are many preschool programs operating today in gymnastics clubs, YMCA'S, and other sport and recreation centers, many coaches and parents are unaware of just how critic~l these years are in contributing to long-term sport skill development. In fact, most children will pass through a similar series of stages in the acquisition of sport skills (see Figure 1), and the preschool years are the stage which should provide the foundation for lifelong skill acquisition. This paper will discuss the proper sequencing of movement skill development, and discuss implications for psychosocial development and program planning.

The Preschool Period: It is unfortunate that the development of movement skills is misunderstood even by professional early childhood and elementary educators. Many professionals still believe that fundamental movements just naturally evolve as children mature. However, as described by McClenaghan and Gallahue (1978) and Gallahue (1989), there are many cornmon problems children may encounter when trying to develop their fundamental movements, and the environment can play an important role.

In simple terms, preschool programs must supply a broad range of opportunities for movements in the locomotor (running, skipping, shuffling, etc.), manipulative (throwing, catching, striking), and stability domains (static, dynamic and axial balance). These opportunities must be coupled with plenty of encouragement. Although this comes very naturally for most coaches, it is helpful to remind parents to encourage rather than discourage through a lack of involvement. In today's society, this period is an flat risk" stage for many children with regard to motor skill development. This is due to the large and increasing number of children who spend the majority of the day in fairly restrictive daycare settings. Gross motor development activity in there environments is often restricted due to concerns for safety. It is also not emphasized at many centers because there are still many early childhood educators who believe that children will just naturally develop mature movement patterns. Gymnastics clubs and other activity centers can thus playa crucial role in helping preschool children establish a solid foundation of movement skills. Understanding the transition phase which follows the 10

preschool stage helps explain the importance of proper early development of all forms of movement skill.

Transition Period: If children are fortunate enough to develop mature fundamental patterns during the preschool period, they can then begin to use combinations of these fundamental movements. This combining of fundamental movements requires maturation in the central nervous system, and new opportunities for applying combinations of movement. Again, the environment provided by coaches and parents is crucial, with plenty of reinforcement and more and more instruction playing a large role.

Parents and coaches should be aware, however, that children do not just want to receive a lot of "pats on the back." This is a very important period in the development of perceptions of competence in each child. As children develop cognitively, they become increasingly aware of the difference between effort and ability (Nicholls, 1984). In other words, you will begin to notice that children are no longer satisfied with "good try." If they perceive themselves to be less skillful than their peers, they will crave instruction so they can improve their level of competence. These perceptions of competence are critical in the psychosocial development of the child, and if positive perceptions do not develop, it may lead to lower levels of motivation to achieve (Weiss, Bredemeir, & Shewchuk, 1986). Theselowerlevelsofmotivation are associated with attrition or drop-out in sports (Crawford, 1990) , so proper instruction, in addition to plenty of reinforcement, are crucial at this period. Exposure to a wide variety of sports is also helpful because it allows each child to develop more comprehensive movement abilities, enabling them to pick the sport in which they will be most happy and successful.

Recommendations for Program Planning: Assuming that all coaches and program administrators are interested in helping each individual child develop to their maximum potential, programs should be designed to provide opportunities in all movement domains (locomotor, stability, and manipulative). These environments should be enjoyable and filled with encouragement, support and instruction. April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

Preschool programs should be designed to build and enhance all areas of fundamental movement, not just areas particular to a sport. Early specialization should be discouraged for several reasons. A critical reason is that this preschool period is very crucial in establishing the foundation for a lifetime of activity. If the foundation isn't present, we cannot expect the children to build upon it for lifelong development. We simply would not have provided the support necessary. Secondly, we have no idea of a child's genetic limitations at this point, and wedging a child into one particular sport is inappropriate and very unfair. Finally, we have no right to assume the children will enjoy one particular sport, when they might very well enjoy a different sport 100% more than the sport we might choose. Programs which are designed during the transition period should begin to provide opportunities for sport specific applications. Most children's nervous systems have matured sufficiently by age 6-7 for proper applications of combinations of movement (Galla hue, 1989). Coaches can begin to build the second level of the foundation by providing programs which allow each child to experience days filled with successful progressions through proper sequences of skill development. Helping each child develop perceptions of competence is crucial during this period, and wise coaches recognize that this development occurs at very different rates in each child. Warm

supportive environments, with sound technical instruction, foster these positive perceptions. Finally, parents are responsible for exposing their children to a wide variety of sports during this period. This variety will continue to enhance the children's overall movement competence, while respecting each child's right to choose the sport in which they want to participate.

References Crawford, T.A. (1990) "A Developmental Analysis of Competitive Orientation in Team Sports Versus Individual Sports" Paper presented at the 1990 National Convention of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, New Orleans. Gallahue, D.L. (1989) Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents. (Second Edition). Carmel, Indiana: Benchmark Press. McClenaghan, B.A. & Gallahue, D.L. (1978) Fundamental Movement: A Developmental and Remedial Approach. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders. Nicholls, J.G. (1984) Achievement motivation, conceptions of ability, subjective experiences, task choice, and performance. Psychological Review, 91 (3), 328-346. Weiss, M.R., Bredemeier, B.J. & Shewchuck, R. (1986) The dynamics of perceived competence, perceived control, and motivational orientation in youth sport. M. Weiss & D. Gould (Eds.), Sport For Children and Youths. Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics, 89-102.

"Built by Gravity & Guts. Not Steroids." A public service announcement provided by the United States Gymnastics Federation he U.S. Gymnastics Federation is taking steps to warn its athletes, parents and coaches of the dangerous side effects of steroids and their use. We feel it is our responsibility to take a leadership role in educating our gymnastics community. The message is to be sent through the sport to convey to the athlete to train na turall ywithout the use of harmful drugs.

Through the poster, "Build by Gravity & Guts. Not Steroids, " the USGF hopes to convey the message to our athletes, coaches and officials that champions and triumphs are attainable without steroids.

The committment that an athlete makes to sport requires dedication, perserverence and hard work. Success in sport and in life is achieved through such efforts. There are no shortcuts.

"The dangers of anabolic steroids are insidious. First, there may be the benefits of a stronger or faster or quicker-healing body. But then athletes face a monstrous set of potential health problems. And, along with individual dangers, there is the unfair competition - athletes aided by drugs vs. drug-free competitors - that threatens the foundation of fair competition itself. Steroids can build champions . But they also can kill ." - USA TODAY, October 26, 1988

For a poster, use the order form on page 2 of this magazine and send a check or money order for $3.00 (payable to the USGF). NOTE: the Item number for the poster is #6200

TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

Strength & Conditioning

Conditioning Factors in Floor Exercise Peter Hiillner Arizona State University

Complex TumblingConditioningDevelopment The goal of the "tumbling complex" is to develop or maintain both the general and specific conditioning factors.

Characteristics: • Considering age, level of training and attained level of fitness. • Mostly speed-endurance and strength-endurance are influenced by this type of work. Non-stop type exercises (even the stops are elements with holds or with slow moves, such as scale and press to handstand, therefore cannot be considered passive rests). • Technically it is characterized by going from simple to complex. • General and specific development takes place at the same time. • After using different muscle groups, the exercises become more specific to floor exercise. • Time duration can last from 15 minutes to one hour, depending on age, level of training and the level of fitness . • Both individual and partner type exercises can be found . • Depending on the workload, at times it creates anaerobic situations (oxygen debt), therefore it is extremely fatiguing.

Its Effects: • Creates favorable conditions specifically for floor exercise, so the gymnast can execute a routine without fatigue or without mistakes. Mostly at the end of the routine gymnasts get fatigued and make mistakes in the final acrobatic movements or substitute a movement, that was not planned with a lower value movement. • The performance of the routines will be smooth, because of the perfect level of end urance. Even the surface appearance of stress is avoided. • Speed, explosive strength, elasticity and strength needed for strength elements on floor are developed. • The general developing exercises create favorable conditions for the specific exercises.

Examples for the "complex tumblingconditioning development" Note: the following list provides examples for the se~ quence of the exercises, but does not mean that all of 12

them must be performed. Choices can be made, for example 3-5 exercises from the running part, 3-5 exercises from the skipping part, etc ...

Recommended format for the gymnasts on the floor area (see below). 1. Easy jog forward to B, backward to A. 2. Running with high

X X

> > > >

knees to B and simple A X B jog back. 3. Running with high X knees in rear, to Band ) simple jog back. X - - - -7 4. Side chasse to Band jog back. 5. The same on opposite side and jog back. 6. Forward skipping with swinging arms to B and jog back. 7. High knee skipping forward, with opposite arm and knee up ("Indian skipping"), to Band jog back. 8. Two feet hops forward with straight arms over head, to B and jog back. 9. Alternate two feet hops forward (feet together and straddle) to B and jog back. 10. Two feet hops forward with swinging arms forward and back together, to B and jog back. 11. Two feet hops forward, straight arm circling forward, to B and jog back. 12. Two feet hops forward, straight arm circling backward, to B and jog back. 13. Two feet hops forward with every third hop full twist jump, to B and jog back 14. High tuck jumps with straight arms above head, to B and jog back. 15. Jumps with high heels in rear, with straight arms up, to B and jog back. 16. 2-3 steps, two feet leap with underarm swing, to B and jog back. 17. 2-3 steps with Russian lift jump, to B and jog back. 18. 2-3 steps, two feet leap with full twist, to B and jog back. 19. Leap hurdles with speed, to B and jog back. 20. Hops on right foot, holding the other foot, to Band jog back. '21. Hops on left foot, holding the other foot, to Band jog back. 22. Squat jump to straddle stand with arms to side and horizontal (repeat) to B and jog back. 23. Squat jumps with max. reach, to B and jog back. 24. Squat jumps to tuck, to B and jog back. 25. Standing long jumps, using arm swing, to B and jog back. 26. Standing full twist jumps, stick, two steps, (repeat) to B and jog back. 27. Standing straddle jumps, stick, two steps, (repeat) to B and jog back. 28. Two feet side straddle hops, arms horizontal on side, to B and jog back. April- June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

29. Two feet pike jumps, to B and jog back. 30. Standing pike jumps (stick), to B and jog back. 31. Alternate lunge steps, hands on hips, to B and jog back. 32. Side lunge steps to right, to B and jog back. 33. Side lunge steps to left, to B and jog back. 34. Forward leg kicks, alternate legs, touching toe with hands, to B and jog back. 35. Side leg kicks to right, touching toe with horizontal hand, to B and jog back. 36. Side leg kicks to left, touching toe with horizontal hand, to B and jog back. 37. From squat, dive forward to hands and tuck to squat (repeat), to B and jog back. 38. From straddle (hands on floor), dive forward to hands and straddle (repeat), to B and jog back. 39. From squat, dive forward to hands and pike (repeat), to B and jog back. 40. With very short steps forward, pike bounce, touching hands to floor on each step, to B and jog back. 41. From pike sit, with arms over head, swing down fast and push body up and forward to pike sit (repeat), to B and jog back. 42. From straddle sit, lift body up and forward to straddle sit with arms at side (not between legs), (repeat), to B and jog back. 43. From straddle sit, lift body up and backward to straddle sit, with arms between legs (repeat), to B and jog back. 44. Crab walk forward, to B and jog back. 45. Crab walk backward, to B and jog back. 46. From prone position, hops sideward (right) using arch-hollow movement, to B and jog back. 47. From prone position, hops sideward (left) using arch-hollow movement, to B and jog back. 48. From prone position, hops forward, using archhollow movement, to B and jog back. 49. Push ups to side hops (right), to B and jog back. 50. Push ups to side hops (left), to B and jog back. 51. Push ups to forward hops, to B and jog back. 52. Wheelbarrow, bent arm hops forward with partner, to B and jog back. 53. Wheelbarrow-walk forward with partner, to Band jog back. 54. Wheelbarrow, straight arm hops forward with partner, to B and jog back. 55. "Seal walk," dragging legs behind, to B and jog back. 56. Reverse "seal wal," dragging legs behind, to Band jog back. 57. Chest rolls, moving forward (small hops with hands) to B and jog back. 58. Swing hollow back to handstand, S steps forward , (repeat) to B and jog back. 59. Run to B, 10-25 push ups, run to A, 10-25 push ups. 60. Handstand, walk forward, to B and jog back. 61. Handstand, walk forward 5 steps, handstand push up (repeat), to B and jog back. 62. Handstand, walk backward, to B and jog back. 63. Handstand, walk side (right), to B and jog back. 64. Handstand, walk side (left), to B and jog back. 65. Handstand, walk forward 5 steps, full pirouette (repeat), to B and jog back. 66. Press to handstand, stalder rolls to handstand, to B and jog back. 67. Press to handstand, lower to straddle "L," back to handstand,S steps (repeat), to B and jog back. 68. Same as above, add full pirouette after press (repeat), to B and jog back. 69. Kick handstand, hops (repeat), to B and jog back. 70. Alternate cartwheels, to B and jog back. TECHNIQUE April- June, 1990

71 . Cartwheels with an exaggerated second hand block, to B and jog back. 72. Round off from stand, no punch (land flat feet), to B and jog back. 73 . Round off from stand, punch and stick, to B and jog back. 74. Hollow body rolls (right) with V-ups and arch, to B and jog back. 75. Same as above (left). 76. Run to B, 10-25 V-ups, run to A, 10-25 V-ups. 77. Run to B, 10-25 tuck-ups, run to A, 10-25 tuck-ups. 78. Run to B, 10-25 straddle V-ups, run to A, 10-25 straddle V-ups. 79. Run to B, 10-25 sit ups (arms behind head),run toA, 10-25 sit ups . 80. Run to B, lay on stomach, 10-25 fast arch ups, run to A and repeat. 81. Same as above, with straddled legs. 82. Run to B, lay on stomach, in arch rock 10-25 times, run to A and repeat. 83. Run to B, 10 stiff-stiff presses, run to A and repeat. 84. Run to B, 10 handstand push-ups, run to A and repeat. 85. Run to B, 10-25 high squat-jumps, run to A, 5 side scales on each leg (5 sec. hold) . 86. Front limbers to B, run back to A. 87. Front walk over to B, run back to A. 88. Back limbers to B, run back to A. 89. Back walk overs to B, run back to A. 90. Front roll, headspring, to B, run back to A. 91. Headsprings (to straight legged land), to B, run back to A. 92. Headspring-front flip, stick (repeat), to B, run back to A. 93. 3 front flips (stick), to B and run back to A. 94. Front flip step outs, to B and run back to A. 95 . Leap handspring-dive roll, to B and run back to A. 96. Leap handspring-front flip, to B and run back to A. 97. Front-punch-fronts (continuous), to Band run back to A. 98. Leap handspring-front flip, heads pring, to Band run back to A. 99. High jump, back handspring (repeat), to B and run back to A. 100.Back handspring (build-ups), to B and run back to A. 101 .Back handspring, tuck back (repeat), to B and run back to A. 102.5tanding back tucks (repeat), to B and run back to A.

103.Leap round off, back tuck (repeat), to B and run back to A.

From here on the acrobatic parts are dependent on the coach and the level of the gymnasts. The more elements in the acrobatic series demand a diagonal use of the floor area. If it is possible, the gymnasts should reach the highest level of their tumbling ability. The best ones should execute double backs, half-in half-outs, etc. This is the peak of the "complex tumbling-conditioning development" program. At this point spotting by the coach, using additional mats or "foam pit" is acceptable (to avoid injuries). The "foam pit" is ideal for extra practice even when the gymnasts are tired so that difficult elements can be repeated many times without risk of injury. Whenever a difficult element is executed, it is essential that the gymnast has 13

mastered it completely. Half mastered elements should not be practiced in this program at all. It must be mentioned once more that the listed exercises are only examples, therefore, this workout would practically be impossible to perform in its entirety, simply because it would take over an hour to complete it. The maximum one hour is recommended for well prepared gymnasts and even for them it is only when the main goal of the workout is development of the conditioning factors. The minimum time recommended is 15 minutes, when the main goal of the workout is not conditioning, or when the gymnasts are young children. Therefore the rule again must be remembered <age, level of fitness, and level of skills determine the quantity and type of workload) and the coaches must keep this in mind if they expect results from this kind of conditioning development. After the tiring workloads, stretching exercises should always follow, thereby giving the body a chance to rest and cool down. This type of conditioning must be done in the "pure" or "mixed" preparatory periods, very sel-

dom should it be done in the competitive season. Although at times it may have a refreshing effect during the monotonus execution of routines during the competitive season.

The preceding article has been reproduced from the book, Development of the Conditioning Factors in Elite Gymnastics, by Peter Hiillner. This is a new publication available from USGF Merchandising. The focus of the book is specifically on gymnastics conditionning. After a description and explanation of the various conditioning and coordination factors that determine sport performance, Mr. Hiillner goes on to address more specifically how to develop and improve these conditioning factorsin the six men's events. While primarily focusing upon the men's apparatus, there is a wealth of information included that is easily adaptable for the women's events.

Development of the Conditioning Factors in Elite Gymnastics is item #1212 and costs $16.00. (please use the order form on page 2 of this magazine)

Educational Materials Women's Materials

Men's Materials

#1101 Women'sFlG CodeofPoints .......$34.95

#1201 Men's F.I.G. Code of Points .. $34.95

Women's J.O. Compulsory Book. Levels 1IV and 5-10 for the current season. #1110 Price for USCF Pro-memo ..... $24.95 #1111 Price for non-Pro-mem . ......... $34.95

#1202 Men's J.O. Compulsory Text $16.50

#1114 Women's J.O. Levels I-IV. (Same as pI 80 pages of Compo book). Ideal for precompetitive programs ........................ $15.00

#1213 Men's F.I.G . Artistic Symbols book (published May, '85) ............................. $12.50

#1113 F.I.G. Women's Artistic Symbols book. (published Sept, '86) ... ............................. $12.50

General

#1117 J.0. Technical Handbook (Previously called the "J.O. Supplement to the Code").................................................................$10.00 #1192 Updated version of the Judges' Training Course Outline ......... ...................... $10.00

Rh thmic Materials #1301 Rhythmic Gymnastics FI.G. Code of Points .................................................... $34.95 #1302 Rhythmic Compulsory Text $26.50

#1211 Men's Gymnastics Training Diary. Keep track of your progress! ... ........... $8.50

#12 Physiology of Fitness (Sharkey) Reveals the inside story of fitness. Practical information on fitness and health ... $17.95 #13 Coaching Young Athletes (Martens,et a/) A book about the science of coaching. Sports: Psychology, Pedagogy, Physiology, & Medicine. Part of the ACEPTS program ............................................ $12.00 #14 In Pursuit of Excellence (Orlick) Best selling sport psychology guide that will motivcate athletes & coaches to achieve their own level of excellence ........... $14.95

NEW! #3604 Sequential Gymnastics (grades 3-6) 2 nd Edition. Recently revised by the USCF Education Sub-Committee, this book is ideal for P.E. teachers as well as the club developmental and pre-competitive coaches. The book is 3hole punched so pages can be removed and posted for the gymnasts to see the skills. Illustrations beautifully drawn by JamesH.Stephenson ....................... $19.95

NEW! #1212 Development of the Conditioning Factors in Elite Gymnastics' (Htillner) See article pp. 20-22 .... $16.00

See page 2 for information on the new Sequential Gymnastics Video-tape!

USGF Safety Posters #6101 - 1. Safety Guidelines ............. $5.00 #6102 - 2. Respon. of Gymnasts ....... $5.00 #6103 - 3. Mats .............. ..................... $5.00 #6104 - 4. Spotting ................. ............ $5.00

#16 Living Anatomy (Donnelly) Learn anatomy rapidly with this unique approach. 100's of illustrations ......... $19.50

NEW! #6001 - The USCF Safety Manual, 2nd Edition ..................................... $16.45

INTRODUCING! the Official USGF Gymnastics Safety Manual, 2nd Ed. The USGF is pleased to present the 2nd Edition of the Safety Manual. This has been the compilation of efforts of many of our top sports professionals headed by Senior Editor, Dr. Gerald S. George. The final product contains almost four years of study, review and the procurement of data research and documents.

To order any of these publications, please use the form on page 2 of this magazine.

April- June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

)

Men's Technical

USGF Men's Elite Requirements for 1990 The following are the Mens Program Committee Approved, USGF Men's Elite Requirements for 1990. These are in effect immediately for USGF competitions. The rationale for this proposal is as follows: 1. Allows our VERY BEST gymnasts to focus on the development Of QUALITY 'D' elements. 2. Eliminate the overuse of CHEAP- 'D' elements. 3. Emphasize the importance of consistent landings. 4. Make the judging process easier and possibly more objective. The method of expanding the 'D+' Skill list for the future: 1. Any additional potential 'D+' Skills should be received by Mas Watanabe at the USGF National Training Center, at least two weeks prior to a competition. 2. Proposed skills will be immediately addressed by the sub-committee and a recommendation will be presented to the MPC for their final approval. Difficulty Combination Execution-

4.00 1.00 4.20 = Base score of 9.20 ROVD.80 10.00 'D+' -0.20bonus points for attempted 'D+' or designated 'D' dismount.

1. Competition II difficulty, ie.

1D 3C 2B 3A

2. Additional Combination Requirements: FX - Additional 'D' = Total of two D's PH - Additional 'D' = Total of two D's CD' bonus points may be earned by attempt!!!g a third'D' of any type) SR - Additional 'D' = Total of two D's (One'D' strength part required) V - 9.6 vault or 'D+' vault (Value of the 'D+' vaults are listed in the skill list) PB - Additional 'D' = Total of two D's HB - Additional 'D' = Total of two D's (Two releases, one of which must be a 'D') 3. Deductions for missing "Additional Combination Requirements" a. No "additional" 'D' part 0.2 b. No 'D' strength part on R 0.2 c. No 9.6 vault shown 0.2 c. No 'D' release attempted 0.2 d . No "additional" release attempted 0.2 TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

4. Bonus points: The following bonus points should be rewarded from any category of bonus if the minimum allowable range is not exceeded R - 0.1 for each 'D' strength over and above the required 'D' strength under the Additional Combination Requirements. HB - 0.1 for each 'D' release over and above the required 'D' release under the Additional Combination Requirements. ** Any attempt of an Original move should receive fy11. credit fgr the Originality bonus if the execution error is within 0.3 points or less . (This will override the rule in the Intrepretation Book, pg 6, part 2 & 3 under bonus points)

5. Landings: a. An automatic 0.1 bonus in Virtuosity will be awarded for a stuck compulsory dismount on all events (except on PH). b. An automatic 0.1 bonus in Virtuosity, will be awarded for a stuck optional dismount of 'D' value on all events, (except on PH) . 6. An additional landing mat of up to 8" will be permitted for 'D' mounts on FX, 'D' vaults, 'D' dismounts (except on PH), and 'D' HB releases. APPROVED LIST "D+" SKILLS AND ORIGINALITY Floor Exercise Originality 1. Double twisting double back 0.1 2 Full twisting double layout 0.1 0.2 3. Double twisting double layout 0.2 4. Triple back 5. Double saIto tucked or piked with 3/ 4 twist (Lou Yun) 0.1 6. Tucked double front 0.1 7. Tucked double front with 1/2 twist 0.2 8. Layout double front 0.2 9. Full twisting double back to punch 0.1 front 0.1 10. Triple full to punch front 0.1 11. Layout Thomas 0.1 12. Piked double side 13 Back 2 1/ 2 twist - punch front 0.1 0.1 14. Double back to punch front 15. All D dismounts except the following skills: 0.1 a. Double full - punch front b. Back 1 1/2 twist to punch front.

Rings 1. Tucked Guczoghy 2. Layout Guczoghy

0.1 0.2 15

Mas Watanabe Assisted by: Greg Buwick, Jim Howard and Gary Alexander

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10. II. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Czech giant (1. 12, pg. 123) Giant crossing the ropes Maltese press to handstand From a hand, straight arm pull to cross FeIge backward slowly with straight arm. to cross (Azarian) Dismounts Tucked double front 1 1/ 2 twist Triple back Double twisting double back Full twisting double layout (Straight body throughout) Triple full Pike to layout or layout to pike double front Piked double front 1/2 twist Two '0' strength moves in an exercise

0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Vault '0+' vault III. 20. Handspring and saIto forward stretched 24. Handspring and salto forward stretched with 1/2 twist 28. Cuervo stretched (Stretched body throughout the flight) * Momentary pike during the flight Cuervo tucked with 1/2 twist 36. Handspring and salto forward tucked with 1 1/ 2 twist (Kroll) Cuervo tucked with 1/1 twist 40. Handspring and saIto forward piked with 1 1/2 twist Cuervo piked with 1/ 1 twist 44. Handspring and salto forward stretched with 1 1/2 twist Cuervo stretched with 1/ 1 twist (Lou Yun) Handspring and double salto forward tucked (Roche) IV. 20. Tsukahara stretched with 2/1 twist 28. Kasamatsu tucked with 1/1 twist 32. Kasamatsu piked with 1/1 twist 40. Kasamatsu stretched with 1/1 twist

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

V. 8. Jump forward with 1/l turn and handspring with salto forward tucked 0.2 12. SaIto forward tucked and handspring forward 0.1 SaIto forward tucked and handspring front salto 0.2 VI. 4. Round-off handspring backward & salto backward stretched with 1/1 twist 0.1 Round -off handspring backward & salto backward stretched with 2/ 1 twist 0.2

Parallel Bars I. Double front (tucked or piked) over the bar to upper arm

0.1

2. Double back over the bar to upper arm (Morisue) 0.1 3. Giant to Diamidov 0.1 4. Giant to double back over the bar to upper arm (Belle) 0.2 5. Back 1 1/2 salto with 1/2 turn to upper arm (Reichert) 0.1 6. Back over bar straddle cut catch without intermediate support 0.2 7. Gienger on the end of the bar (Chartrand) 0.1 8. Gienger from one bar to the other bar cross way (Kwon) 0.1 9. Back uprise 1 1/ 4 front to upper arm (Yamawaki) 0.1 10. Front uprise Diamidov (Richard) 0.2 11 . Back uprise full turn to support 0.2 12. Stemme (Front uprise) forward with 1 /1 turn to su pport 0.1 13. Streuli 1/2 turn to support (Watanabe) 0.1 14. Front swing full turn to support (Carminucci) 0.2 15. Giant 1/2 turn to support 0.1 16. Giant to front uprise to straddle back cut to handstand (Tippelt) 0.2 17. Peach 1/2 to handstand 0.1 18. Back toss to English handstand 0.1 Dismounts 19. Double full dismount 0.1 20. From the side handstand double back dismount (Kwon) 0.1 2I. Double front with 1/2 twist or front salto 1/2 twist back out dismount 0.1 22. Full twisting double back dismount 0.2 23. From handstand, giant down to full twisting double back dismount on the end (Kajitani) 0.2

Horizontal Bar I. Layout Tkatchov (Arched throughout the flight) 2. Full twisting Gienger (Oem 3. Full twisting Jaeger (Winkler) 4. Gaylord I tucked, straddled or piked 5. Gaylord II 6. Tkatchov front catch (Xiao Ruizhi) 7. Tkatchov front catch from toe on or from Stalder 8. Kovacs tucked 9. Kovacs layout 10. Any '0 + 0' release combination Example: a. One arm giant to Tkatchov immediate Geinger b. Full twisting Geinger to another Geinger c. Kovacs to Geinger Dismounts II. Any '0+' release to another '0+' release 12. Triple back 13. Double twisting double layout 14. Piked double front with 1 1/ 2 twist

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

)

Women's Technical

USGP Women's Tracking Program, Pt. 2-Response he dose/response relationship of training is extremely important to the understanding and control of progress. The dose/response relationship has its genesis in a stress continuum. The idea is that stress lies on a continuum from too much stress, to just the right amount of stress, and finally too little stress. Stress was defined by Selye (1976) as anything that causes the organism to react. Not all stress is bad. Selye discusses "eustress" which is considered a good stress. You might think of eustress as stimulation as opposed to the bad types of stress such as overtraining, burnout, chronic fatigue, staleness, injury, illness, and so forth. The gymnast must react to many different types of stimuli. She must react to training stressors, school stressors, competition stressors, social stressors, and so forth. It has been shown that life stress events, including training, can affect an organism rather profoundly (Bohle & Tilley, 1989; Brown, Frederick, Falsetti, Burke, & Ryan, 1983; Graves et al., 1988; Hulkko & Orava, 1987; Kerr & Minden, 1988; Knapp, Gutmann, Rogowski, Foster, & Pollock, 1986; Koutedakis, Budgett, & Faulmann, 1989; Kuipers & Keizer, 1988; Mace, Eastman, & Carroll, 1986; McKenzie & Newhouse, 1987; Morgan, Brown, Raglin, O'Connor, & EIlickson, 1987;Nash,1987;Murphy,Fleck,Dudley, & Callister, 1989; Rusko, Rahkila, Vihko, & Holappa, 1989;Szot,Boron,&Galaj,1985;VanHelder & Radomski, 1989; Rushall & Sherman, 1987; Stone, Reed, & Neale, 1987) . The response of an athlete to the various life stresses can have an impact on performance. The job of the coach and athlete is to control stress (i.e. training). The careful use of stress such as altering and increasing training load is the primary means of developing an athlete. The initiation of a new stress, such as a different or increased training load, results in a short period of fatigue which is necessary to cause the organism to supercompensate (Bompa, 1983; Gillam, 1981; Matveyev, 1977; Stone, O'Bryant, & Garhammer, 1981) . This initial fatigue, generally results from an immediately preceding practice or short term stressor. This type of fatigue usually goes away quickly as the athlete adapts to this new stress by becoming stronger, more flexible, more fit, and so forth. Following the period of increased stress is a recovery period when the athlete must rest or reduce training demands adequately in order for supercompensation to occur. If the athlete does not rest adequately, and continues to receive new and/ or high stress demands then the athlete will

TECHNIQUE April- June, 1990

not supercompensate but lapse into a downward spiraling state of fatigue called exhaustion, chronic fatigue, or overtraining. Performance will decline in these situations (Bompa, 1983; Gillam, 1981; Matveyev, 1977). The management of the dose/response relationship in training implies an optimization process of determining precisely the amount of stress necessary to accomplish supercompensation without creating chronic fatigue or overtraining. This is followed by a reduced training demand which allows the athlete to rest and supercompensate before the next abrupt increase in training load is administered (Bompa, 1983; Matveyev, 1977). Increases in training load should be approximately 5 to 10 percent per micro cycle (Le. week) (Bompa, 1983). Volume and intensity should be roughly opposite in magnitude (volume high when intensity is low and vice versa) during the progress of training toward a competitive event (Bompa, 1983; Gillam, 1981; Graves et al., 1988; James, 1987; Koutedakis, Budgett, & Faulmann, 1989; Matoba & Gollnick, 1984; McKenzie Gillam, 1981; Morgan, Brown, Raglin, O'Connor, & Ellickson, 1987; Murphy, Fleck, Dudley, & Callister, 1989; Stone, O'Bryant, & Garhammer, 1981; Viru, 1988). This fundamental approach to the regulation of training load was not shown to be the method used by gymnastics coaches participating in this study (Sands, Henschen, & Shultz, 1989). National team member athletes increased both volume and intensity at the same time and at a rate that far exceeded 5 to 10 percent per microcycle.

Methods The methods of this study were presented in an earlier report (Sands, Henschen, & Shultz, 1989) and will not be repeated here. In summary, this stu.dy took place in 1988, four months prior to the 1988 Championships of the USA and included 1034 training records from 30 national team athletes.

Results and Discussion The response of the gymnast to training can be very individual (Bompa, 1983; Matveyev, 1977). However, general trends can be described by observing the response variables of many gymnasts. The coach and athlete must also monitor other life events that can influence the gymnast throughouttraining and competition (Nash, 1987; Rushall & Sherman, 1987; Stone, Reed, & Neale, 1987). Although this study did not collect 17

W.A Sands, Ph.D

Motor Behavior Research Laboratory University of Utah

information on other life events, one should keep in mind that these are important confounding variables that may intrude on the reliability and validity of the results.

Average Pre-Practice Resting Heart Rate

tive stabilization and/ or slight decline during the final period. The coupling of increased heart rate and decreased weight has been shown to indicate overtraining (Barron, Noakes, Levy, Smith, & Millar, 1985; Brown, Frederick, Falsetti, Burke, & Ryan, 1983; Dressendorfer, Wade, & Scaff, 1985; Eichner, 1986; Kuipers & Keizer, 1988; Lundin, 1985; McKenzie & Newhouse, 1987; Morgan, Brown, Raglin, O'Connor, & Ellickson, 1987; Rusko, Rahkila, Vihko, & Holappa, 1989;Starnford, 1983). This relationship is coincident with a large increase in training demand during the final preparatory period to USA Championships (Sands, Henschen, Shultz, 1989) . The combination of both response symptoms is better applied to the individual athlete, however, one can observe from the da ta tha tthe athletes, as a group, may be at risk for overtraining based on these symptoms.

Each athlete was asked to take her carotid pulse for 15 seconds immediately after arriving at the training facility. Heart rate has been measured in other studies as an indicator of training and overtraining (Barron, Noakes, Levy, Smith, & Millar, 1985; Brown, Frederick, Falsetti, Burke, & Ryan, 1983; Dressendorfer, Wade, & Figure 1 - Average Pre Practice Heart Rate Scaff, 1985; Eichner, April 1 - July 3,1988 1986; Kuipers & Keizer, 1988; Lundin,1985; McKenzie Average Sleep Duration and Sleep +-11--;;-- ---+1------,11+---=---+1-- - 1 & Newhouse, 1987; Disturbances Morgan, Brown, Figure 3 shows an upward trend in the splitRaglin, O'Connor, & middle analyses throughout the preparatory Ellickson, 1987; Rus- period. Sleep duration did not show any marked ko, Rahkila, Vihko, relationships with any training load variable or & Holappa, 1989; competition. The increased sleep duration during Stamford,1983).Fig- the latter training periods may be due to a need for ure 1 shows the av- more sleep resulting from increased fatigue, or erage daily pre-practice resting heart Figure 3rate. It appears that heart rate increases around Average Sleep Duration competition time, particularly the two Classic April 1 - July 3,1988 , . . . . - - - - - - " , . , - - " " - -----rcl----, competitions. The split-middle analyses (i.e. median slopes indicated by the diagonal dark lines) show that heart rate is decreasing during the first two preparatory periods which may indicate enhanced physical condition. However, during the final preparatory period the resting heart rate is increasing. An increasing heart rate has been considered an overtraining symptom representing catabolism and maladaptation (Barron, Noakes, Levy, Smith, & Millar, 1985; Brown, Frederick, Falsetti, Burke, & Ryan, 1983; Dressendorfer, Wade, & Scaff, 1985; Eichner, 1986; Kuipers & Keizer, 1988; Lundin, 1985; McKenzie & Ne,-,,:house, 1987; Morgan, Brown, Raglin, the increase in sleep duration may be due to the O'Connor, & Ellickson, 1987; Rusko, Rahkila, athletes being out of school and thereby obtaining Vihko, & Holappa, 1989; Stamford, 1983) later morning schedules. Analysis of the data indicated that the gymnasts g~nerally go to bed Average between 10:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. and awaken Figure 2 - Average Weight Per Training around 7:00 a.m. Weight Session April 1 - July 3,1988 Sleep disturbances were quite variable as shown Figure 2 shows in Figure 4. They appear to indicate a roughly the average daily it;-------++--Ul----ll路-::--~I-----! weight values of the upward trend immediately before competitions. reporting athletes. The sleep disturbance information was assessed The average weight on three variables (a) difficulty in falling asleep, values do not indi- (b) restless sleep, and (c) awakening prematurely. cate a large trend. These were further assessed by a 5 point LikertThe split middle type scale with regard to severity. The data were analyses show a analyzed after summing each Likert-type scale weight gain during position for each dimension. Therefore, an inthe first period of creased sleep disturbance value indicates a larger training followed number and/or severity of sleep disturbance by periods of rela- symptoms. Sleep disturbances have been

20.00

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April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

Injuries

Figure 4Average Sum of Sleep Disturbances April 1 - July 3,1988 •.,. ,......-----'TT----''-rr------....----,

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discussed as indicators of chronic fatigue and overtraining'(Kereszty, 1971). The majority of individual reports indicated no sleep disturbances at all. The largest number of responses per dimension was shown in "difficulty in falling asleep." An indication of an onset of sleep disturbance symptoms was used in individual reports to alert coaches to the possible onset of overtraining or other maladaptive processes.

Average Illness Symptoms Figure 5 shows the average sum of illness symptoms per day. Each symptom was given a value of one (1) for its presence or a zero when it was not checked. The average sum of these symptoms per athlete, per day is shown in Figure 5. Illness symptoms appear to be very high during Figure 5Average Sum of Illness Symptoms April 1 - July 3,1988

.... H--

The injury data were compiled assessing the body part injured only. This approach was used to simplify data collection and avoid a lay diagnosis by the gymnast. Following an injured body part over time provided feedback reports to the coach that an injury had apparently healed or was still problematic. The definition of an injury was, "any damaged body part that would limit training on that particular day." This definition was adopted due to the skill specificity of injury in gymnastics (Sands, Newman, Hamer, Paulos, & Shultz, 1987). Gymnastics injuries tend to limit the gymnast only in certain skills so that the more global definition of injury as damage to a body part that results in missing one or more training sessions does not easily apply. A study of Canadian female gymnasts showed that injury was most often to the ankle, during floor exercise, and occurred near the approach of a competition. The increased incidence of injury seemed to coincide with the final week of preparation for a competition (Kerr & Minden, 1988). Fifteen percent of the injuries in the Kerr and Minden study occurred four weeks prior to the competition. Following this, the incidence of injury became stable only to rise to 27% in the final week prior to the competition. Their study also indicated a high rate of injury, with 83% of the athletes suffering from at least one injury. Figure 6 shows that the average injury rate total per athlete per day throughout the three months of training prior to the Championships of the USA generally declines. However, pulses of increased average injuries per athlete can be observed prior to the second Classic competition and the Championships of the USA. This was also confirmed by the split-middle analyses. One should keep in mind that the general reduction of injuries during this period may also indicate that if athletes have been injured severely they are not filling out data forms and are therefore not included in this analysis. The pulse of injuries immediately prior to USA Figure 6ChampionAverage Total Injuries (Body Parts) ships is also April 1 - July 3, 1988 coincident with an in' .00 ... 0 +-------I-+--+-+-----l-II--I~ crease in rou1.80 tine training. 1.70 f---------l!-t----j#----41HIi--l 1.60 +-- -Another pulse in April may be due to the 1.20 -ffi--jj--.---· nl~,jl ---IH-t----H--· 0--· -t-t- --II--1 transition • from skill ';s: 0 .10 training to 0 .10 combination 0 . 10 0 . '0 and routine -l1~lJmllllllllll 0 .30 -lII-lImuImuI training 0 .20 (Sands, New0 . 10 0 .00 man, Hamer, , 10 15 70 2' 3D 10 I' '0 25 30 , 10 IS 20 2S 30 1 Paulos, & Shultz, 1987). - r--------,-r----rT----~,___,~

III

lO.J

the month of April and decrease dramatically during May and June. The most common illness symptoms, in order of frequency, were colds, headaches, sore throats, and stomach aches. Increased illnesses have also been linked to chronic fatigue and overtraining (Bompa, 1983; Kereszty, 1971; McKenzie & Newhouse, 1987). This analysis shows that the gymnasts did not suffer from as many illnesses as they approached the Championships of the USA.

TECHNIQUE April- June, 1990

I.~O

1.10 1.00

0 .110

0.•0

The incidence of injury by body parts is shown in Figures 7 and 8. The consistent scales allow comparisons between graphs. Note that the most frequent injury reports are for the back followed by left and right ankles. These are followed by left hamstring and right wrist. A similar injury pattern has been demonstrated in other Figure 7studies with the exInjuries by Body Part - Unilateral ception of the hamNeel, ~ strings and in some Head cases extremities leading lower back (Garrick & Requa, Ribs 1980; Kerr & Minden, ".bdoman 1988; Kirby, Simms,

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Symington, Garner, 1981; &Sands, Newman, Harner, Paulos, & Shultz, 1987; Sands, 1981).

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Training Reports

Figure 8Injuries by Body Part - Bilateral Fi nger H ~1 nd

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1.1:')

Reports

Left Side

Right Side

Conclusion The results of this initial study of the long-term aspects of training appear to demonstrate that although heart rate and weight appear to be useful in the assessment of individual athletes, they are only marginally indicative of trends in group data. The use of several variables together is perhaps the best indicator of current or impending overtraining. The basic question of monitoring the elite gymnast is an ideographic question (i.e. following single subjects for a long period of time). The other type of investigation is called nomothetic, which means the study of groups and group behavior. Obviously, if a monitoring system is to be useful it must be useful to individual athletes 20

and coaches. Telling an individual athlete how a group performs in certain circumstances does not usually enhance the knowledge of the individual athlete dealing with his/her problems. The presentation here has been a compilation, therefore, a nomothetic approach to provide generalizable information for the gymnastics community. The beauty of the Tracking Program lies in its ability to diagnose training anomalies for individual athletes. Unfortunately, that kind of information is very difficult to report in an article format. Current work is being done to develop an artificial intelligence "Expert System," to analyze the information more quickly and make the entire process completely automated.

References Barron, J.L., Noakes, T.D., Levy, W., Smith, C , & Millar, RP. (1985). Hypothalamic dysfunction in overtrained athletes. Tournai of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 60, 803-806. Bohle, P., & Tilley, A J. (1989) . The impact of night work on psychological well being. Ergonomics, 32,1089-1099. Bompa, T.O. (1983) . Theory and methodology Qf training. Dubuque, IA: Kendall / Hunt. Brown, RL., Frederick, E.C, Falsetti, H.L., Burke, E.R , & Ryan, AJ. (1983). Overtraining of athletes. The PhysiCian and Sports Medicine, 11, 93-110. Dressendorfer, RH., Wade, CE., & Scaff, J.H. (1985) . Increased morning heart rate in runners: A valid sign of overtraining? The Physician and Sports Medicine, 13, 7786. Eichner, E.R (1986). The marathon: Is more less? The Physician and Sports Medicine,14, 183-187. Garrick,J.G., & Requa, RK. (1980). Epidemiology of women's gymnastics injuries. American Tournai of Sports Medi~ 8, 261-264. Gillam, G.M. (1981). Effects of frequency of weight training on muscle strength enhancement. Tournai of Sports Medi~ 21, 432-436. Graves, J.E., Pollock, M.L., Leggett, S. H., Braith, R.W., Carpenter, D.M., & Bishop, L.E. (1988). Effect of reduced training frequency on muscular strength. International Tournai of Sports Medicine, 9, 316-319. Hulkko, A, & Orava, S. (1987) . Stress fractures in athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 8, 221-226. James, S. (1987). Periodization of weight training for women's gymnastics. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal, 9, 28-31. Kereszty, A (1971). Overtraining. In L.A Larson (Exec. Ed.), Encyclopedia Qf sport sciences and medicine, (pp. 218222). New York, NY: MacMillan. Kerr, G., & Minden, H. (1988). Psychological factors related to the occurrence of athletic injuries. TournaI Qf Sport ~ Exercise Psychology, 10, 167-173. Kirby, RL., Simms, F.C, Symington, V.J., & Garner, J.B. (1981). Flexibility and musculoskeletal symptomatology in female gymnasts and age-matched controls. American Tournai of Sports Medicine, 9, 160-164. Knapp, D.N ., Gutmann, M.C, Rogowski, B.L., Foster, C , & Pollock, M.L. (1986). Perceived vulnerability to illness and injury among Olympic speedskating candidates: Effects on emotional response to training. In D. M. Landers (Ed.), Sport and Elite Performers (pp. 103-111). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Koutedakis, Y., Budgett, R , & Faulmann, L. (1989). The role

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

of physical rest for underperforming elite competitors. Proceedinqs 1st IOC World Conqress on Sport Sciences, Oct. 28 - Nov. 3,1,140-141. (Abstract) Kuipers, H ., & Keizer, H.A. (1988). Overtraining in elite athletes. Sports medicine, 6, 79-92. Lundin, P. (1585). The monitoring of recovery in endurance athletes. NSCA TournaL 7, 41-42. Mace, R, Eastman, C, & Carroll, D. (1986). Stress inoculation training: A case study in gymnastics. British Tournai of Sports Medicine, 20,139-141. Matoba, H ., & Gollnick, P. D. (1984). Response of skeletal muscle to training. Sports medicine, 1, 240-251. Matveyev, 1. (1977). Fundamentals ill Sports Training. Moscow, USSR: Progress Publishers. McKenzie, D.C, & Newhouse, I. (1987). Monitoring the elite athlete. In J. Terauds, B.A. Gowitzke, & L.E. Holt (Eds.), Biomechanics ill Sports III ~ IV (pp. 300-307). Del Mar, CA: Academic Publishers. McKenzie Gillam, G. (1981). Effects of frequency of weight training on muscle strength enhancement. Tournai of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 21, 432-436. Morgan, W.P., Brown, D.R, Raglin, J.S., O'Connor, P.J., & Ellickson, K.A. (1987). Psychological monitoring of overtraining and staleness. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 21, 107-114. Murphy, S.M., Fleck, S.J., Dudley, G., & Callister, R (1989). A study of the psychological effects of high volume training with elite athletes. Proceedings 1st IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences, Oct. 28 - Nov. 3, 426-427. (Abstract) Nash, H.1. (1987). Elite child-athletes: how much does victory cost? The Physician and Sports Medicine, 15, 129-133. Rushall, B.S., & Sherman, CA. (1987). A definition and measurement of pressure in sport. Tournai of applied research

in coaching and athletics, 2, 1-23 . Rusko, H.K., Rahkila, P., Vihko, V., & Holappa, H. (1989). Longitudinal changes in heart rate and blood pressure during overtraining period. Proceedings 1st IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences, Oct. 28 - Nov. 3, 1, 45-46 . (Abstract) Sands, W. A. (1981). Competition injury study: A preliminary report. USGF Technical TournaL 1,7. Sands, W.A., Henschen, K.P., & Shultz, B.B. (1989). National women's tracking program, Technique, 9(4),14-19. Sands, W.A., Newman, A.P., Harner, C, Paulos, 1.E., & Shultz, B.B. (1987). Two year study of injury in collegiate women's gymnastics. Technique, 7, 4 -10. Selye, H. (1976) . The stress ill life. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Stamford, B. (1983). Avoiding and recovering from overtraining. The Physician and Sports Medicine, 11, 180. Stone, A.A., Reed, B.R, & Neale, J.M. (1987). Changes in daily event frequency precede episodes of physical symptoms. Tournai of Human Stress, 13, 70-74. Stone, M.H., O'Bryant, H., & Garhammer, J. (1981). A hypothetical model for strength training. Journal of Sports Medicine, 21, 342-351. Szot, Z., Boron, Z., & Galaj, Z. (1985). Overloading changes in the motor system occuring in elite gymnasts. International Tournai of Sports Medicine, 6, 36-40. VanHelder, T., & Radomski, M. W. (1989). Sleep deprivation and the effect on exercise performance. Sports medicine, 7,235-247. Vim, A. (1988). Planning of macrocycles. Modern athlete and coach, 26, 7-10. (Translation from Kehakultuur, 47 (19) 1986, Tallinin, Estonian USSR)

Calendar of Upcoming Sports Medicine & Science Activities

May 22-25,1990 - American College of Sports Medicine Annual Convention, Salt Lake City, UT. Contact: ASCM,Meetings Dept., P.O.Box 1440, Indianapolis, IN 46206-1440. Tel: (317) 637-9200. May 27-June 2, 1990 -7th Annual Conference on Counseling Athletes, Springfield, MA. Contact: Albert J. Petitpas, Director, Athletic Counseling, Springfield College, Springfield, MA. (413) 788-3325 June 7-9, 1990 - Techniques in Athletics - The First I~ternational Conference, Cologne, Federal Repubhc of Germany. Contact: TiA-Secretariat, Institut fur Lei~htathletik und Turnen Deutsche Sporthochschule Ki:i1n, Carl-Diem-Weg 6, D-5000 K6ln 41, PRG. Tel: (0221) 49821. June 11-14, 1990 - Aerobics Workshop, Dallas, TX. Contact: Institute for Aerobics Research, 12330 Preston Rd., Dallas, TX 75230. Tel: (214) 701-6875. June 16-17, 1990 - Get Fit Workshop, Dallas, TX. Contact: Institute for Aerobics Research, 12330 Preston Rd., Dallas, TX 75230. Tel: (214) 701-6875. June 25-27, 1990 -Sports Medicine Symposium, Huron, OH. Contact: The Cleveland Clinic Educational Foundation, Dept. of Continuing Ed., 9500 Euclid Ave., Rm. TT-31, Cleveland, OH 44195-5241. Tel: 800-635-7050. July 3-9, 1990 - VIII International Symposium of Biomechanics in Sports and Videofestival, Prague, Czechoslavakia. Contact: Dr. Karel Onti, UV CSTV, Spartakiadnu ul., 16000 Praha 6, CSSR. Telephone: 590019.

April 15-22, 1990 - International AIESEP Seminar Integration or Diversification of Physical Education and Sports Studies, Netanya, Isreal. Contact; International AIESEP Seminary, Wingate Institute, Wingate Post Office, Isreal 42902. Tel: (972) (53) 29222 Telex: 341667 Wingate 1242 IL Fax: (972) (53) 29265. April 16-20, 1990 - Physical Fitness Specialist Certification, Dallas, TX. Contact: 路 Institute for Aerobics Research, 12330 Preston Rd., Dallas, TX, 75230. Tel: (214) 701-6875 or (800) 635-7050. April 19-21, 1990 - Central Dist. Assn. of AAHPERD Annual Convention, Denver, CO. Contact: Bobbi Dunn, Convention Manager, Tel: (308) 762-7439. April 27-29, 1990 - Update on Obesity: A National Concern, Boston, MA. Contact: J. Fishman, 1 E. Wacker Dr., Chicago, IL 60601. Tel: (312) 329-7575. May 14-18, 1990 - PhYSical Fitness Specialist Certification, Dallas, TX. Contact: Instit. for Aerobic Res., 12330 Preston Rd., Dallas, TX 75230. (214) 701-6875. May 16-20, 1990 - National Fitness, Nutrition & Sports Exposition (Fitness USA), Chicago, IL. Contact: National Fitness Foundation, 2250 E. Imperial Highway, Kilroy Airport Center, Suite 412, El Segundo, CA 90245. Tel: (213) 640-0145. May 17-19, 1990-13thAnnual Sports Medicine Symposium, Madison, WI. Contact: Sarah Aslakson Continuing Medical Education, 2715 Marshall Ct.: Madison, WI 53705. Tel: (608) 263-2856. TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

This listing courtesy of: Department of Educational Services U.s. Olympic Committee 1750 E. Boulder St., Colorado Springs, CO 80909-5760 21

International Report

What Is The Gymnaestrada? Olof Kihmark Vice President of the FIG General Gymnastics T.e.

o answer the question "What is the Gymnaestrada?",. let me quote the Gymnaestrada-reglement, which was adopted by the 61st congress of the FIG in Strasbourg on the 8th of November 1983:

The first article of this reglement reads:

The first Gymnaestrada took place in Rotterdam July,15-19,

Under the title "Gymnasetrada" the FIG organizes a worldwide gymnastics event of great amplitude (World Festival of Gymnastics). The name "Gymnaestrada" is reserved exclusively for this official manifestation of the FIG . This festival comprises group or mass displays of the various types of General Gymnastics exclusive of any kind of competition.

1953.

9 A report to the 1987 FIG General Gymnastics Technical AssemblyHerning, Denmark

World Gymnaestrada th

amsterdam 1991

In article # 2 of this same reglement is written:

With these objectives, the GYMNAESTRADAseeks to contribute to a better physical, mental and social well being of all participants. These two articles give you in a concentrated form the answer to the question "What is the Gymnaestrada?" But I have been asked to look a little deeper into the question than just the formal foundations. So let us see how the whole thing started.

How was the Gymnaestrada born? It is safe to say, that the beginning if the Gymnaestrada can be found in the national gymnastics festivals. These kinds of national festivals were already found in the second half of the 19th century. The oldest one is the first German Gymnastics Festival O. Deutsches Turnfest) in Coburg in 1860. Some of the first festivals were in Scandinavia and included the Swedish Gymnastics Festivalin 1877andinNorwayin 1886. In Prague there was a Sokolfest 1882, etc. In the very beginning these festivals were purely national, but already in 1863 at the third Deutsche Turnfest in Leipzig, six foreign countries were represented with performing groups. Succesively similar developments took place in other countries. For example, in Scandinavia, it soon became customary to invite guest groups from the other Scandinavian countries. Many of the Slavic gymnasts gathered in a similar way during Sokol-festivals and later on in the Spartikiads.

The Two Lingiades.

1939 marked the lOath anniversity of the death The objectives of the Gymnaestrada are: of the father of Swedish gymnastics, Pehr Henrik - to demonstrate the value and diversity of Gen- Ling. This event was commemorated by an intereral Gymnastics and to encourage its growth in national gymnastics festival in Stockholm. the world. Among the individ uals responsible for the idea - to foster enthusiasm in the joy of movement and of the Lingiade was the general secretary of the to inspire interest in personal activity. Swedish Gymnastics Federation at that time, Mr. - to demonstrate the possibilities of conceptions Agne Holmstrom. Mr. Holmstrom had already and to transmit ideas. summarized the above objectives in his book, The - to make known the latest innovations and devel- Book of the Lingaide (939). But, of course, the Lingiade was one national organization, and the opments in General Gymnastics. - to serve to extend and to perfect the knowledge of initial motive was to celebrate the father of Swedish gymnastics. Besides the World Gymnastic interested leaders . - to bring together gymnasts, of both sexes, from Festival, the Lingiade also consisted of a World all the countries of the world and to contribute to Congress of Physical Education and an internaa better understanding and good will among tional gymnastic camp. Five countries demonstrated one or more large people. group performances in the Olympic Stadium.

A pril- June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

Twelve countries with 52 groups gave instructional and display performances as termed in the Gymnastrada-reglement, "in order to give the international specialists an opportunity of studying the groups in detail" (Holmstrom). 1,500 such specialists from 37 countries took part in the international congress. It was the intention of the Swedish Gymnastic Federation to repeat these Lingiades every tenth year. Thus after the war, in 1946 the preparations of the second Lingiade were already begun. The second Lingiade was carried out according to plan in July 1949. This time 14 countries took part with 110 groups giving more than 200 performances. Also this time there was an international congress, with 1 500 participants from 56 countries. Two things happened however, which brought about the Gymnaestradas. First, in connection with the 2nd Lingiade, a World-Sport-Fair was arranged in Stockholm. This drove the Swedish Gymnastics Federation very close to bankruptcy and made the vision of a continuation of the Lingiades almost impossible. Second, and most important, the regular FIG Congress in 1949 was organized in Stockholm during the Lingiade. At this Congress Mr. J.H.F. Sommer of the Royal Dutch Gymnastic Federation raised the question if the FIG should not take up the idea of international gymnastics festivals of this kind on its programs. One year later, at the Congress in Basle, Mr. Sommer presented his views on this festival more in detail. In fact he also presented the name of GYMNAESTRADA. When the name of this event is contemplated, it is clear that Mr Sommer had built in a double interpretation into this newly constructed word. Of course the prefix Gymna aims at gymnastics. But the second part can be interpreted in two ways: estrada (aiming at the Latin word estrad: in English similar to the noun "stage," a place were performances are given), or simply strada: aiming at the Latin word for street, strasse, etc. In other words, Gymnaestrada could be interpreted to mean "the street forwards into development." . Finally at the 1950 FIG Congress in Basle the Gymnaestrada was accepted. And in 1951 in Florence the Royal Dutch Gymnastic Federation was elected the organizer for the first Gymnaestrada to be held in Rotterdam in 1953. It is through these developments that Mr. Sommer became known as the "Father of the Gymnaestrada. " Mr Sommer's intention was that the Gymnaestradas should be organized by the FIG every fourth year. Different member-countries should be appointed as by the FIG-Congresses as the organizers, in due time. In this way two main aspects would be gained: The interval would be short enough and, by changing the organizing country, we could guarantee that different views on gymnastics would be demonstrated. TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

The First GYMNAESTRADA Rotterdam, 1953. The first Gymnaestrada took place in Rotterdam July, 15-19,1953. The organizing committee was presided by Mr. van Dongen. The General secretary was Mr. Burik. Fourteen countries participated with 5000 gymnasts in 70 groups. The opening ceremony took place in front of the Town Hall of Rotterdam and in the Sparta Stadium, and the queen of the Netherlands was present. The final demonstrations and the closing ceremony took place in the Feijenord Stadium in front of 40,000 paying spectators! There is no doubt, that already at the first Gymnaestrada the objectives were achieved. A wonderful organization, a great hospitality of the Rotterdam people and municipality, and of course of the Royal Dutch Gymnastic Federation guaranteed this success. But, of course, no gymnaestrada success can become a reality without the participants and their performances.

The Tradition Continues ... Thus the foundation was laid by the Dutch, and subsequently, one Gymnaestrada has followed the other. Number two came in Zagreb, Yugoslavia 1957 and was followed by Stuttgart in 1961, Vienna in 1965, Basle in 1969, Berlin in 1975, Zurich in 1982 and now most recently for the 8th time in Heming in 1987. The four years interval has been disturbed a few times for different reasons, however in principle, the time frame still stands. It is the intention of the FIG to keep this cycle in the future . Five countries have taken part every time; AUSTRIA, BELGIUM, DENMARK, FINLAND and SWEDEN. Not only have they taken part each time, but have done so with large groups. Norway, the Netherlands and the Fed. Rep. of Germany all missed the second Gymnaestrada bu t ha ve otherwise partici pa ted in all of the others and with groups of high quality. The number of participating countries at each Gymnaestrada has varied between 12 and 29. In Rotterdam 5,000 gymnasts took part. The corresponding statistics for the second and third Gymnaestradas remain unknown at present, but from the 4th Gymnaestrada in Vienna the number leveled at around 10,000 participants. In Zurich at the 7th Gymnaestrada, the number rose to 15,000, and the number in Heming was between 17,000 and 18,000. As a general evaluation on the Gymnaestradas thus far, all the objectives have been achieved in a very good way. The demonstrations have generally been of a very high standards and the present trends at each respective time, have been well demonstrated and undoubtedly spread the ideas to new countries and leaders. In fact, on many occasions, the programs have more or less been dominated by the topical innovations, for instance when jazz-gymnastics was introduced. Many countries have organized study groups 23

with the purpose of creating an opportunity for their leaders to study the development of General Gymnastics in other countries. Booklets have been printed and films have been made for this same purpose. Finally it is possible to state the fact that through the Gymnaestrada thousands upon thousands of gymnasts from many countries (42 in total) have had the opportunity to meet and learn to know each other during this spectacular event. This fact has been especially obvious during the last Gymnaestradas, where practically all the daily training and performances have been concentrated within the framework of one exhibition area, and it has been here that most of the gymnasts have spent their entire days.

USGP General GYlllnastics COllllllittee The USGF committeee for General Gymnastics will be presentjng a progress report as well and goals and objectives for the coming four year period to the USGF Board of Directors at the June 1990 meeting.

Instructor's Course The first USGF Instructor's Course in General Gymnastics will be presented as one of the 1990 pre-Congress workshops. This course will be FREE to Registered Congress participants. The course will be conducted on Thursday, September 13, from 8:00 am -12:00 noon. The course will feature a Guest Instructor from the F.I.G. as well as presentation of the U.s. National Group Exercise. (NOTE: attendance at this clinic is a requirment for at least one member of groups desiring to be part of the U.S. delegation to the 1991 Gymnaestrada in Amsterdam).

And NowAMSTERDAM! Plans are well underway for the 9th World Gymnastrada which will be hosted in Amsterdan July 15-20, 1991. It is the sincere wish of the FIG that especially the last of the Gymnaestrada objectives will be achieved:

To bring together gymnasts from all the world and to contribute to a better understanding and to good will among people.

Preparations for the 1991 Gymnaestrada Preparations are well underway for selection of groups to be part of the U.S. delegation to Amsterdam. In general: 1. Groups/ clubs/ organizations must have a minimum of 6 participating members. 2. The minimum age of participants must be 14 years (each group attending will need to guarantee adequate supervision of minors). 3. The group MUST have at least one coach attend the USGF National Instructor's Workshop at the 1990 USGF Congress. 4. Final selection of the official delegation will be based in part upon submission of a video tape of the group's performance of the National Group Exercise and their individual group exercise. The USGF is accepting inquiries from U.S. gym clubs and member organizations interested in having their group participate in the Gymnaestrada. If you would like more infomration on this colorful, exciting and festive gathering, please complete the form below and return to: Steve Whitlock, Dir. Educational Services USGF, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225

1------------------------------I Please send me information on General Gymnasticsl I and the 1991 Gymnaestrada... I

I I Name Phone ( ) I Address State Zip I City I Club or Organization you Represent I Address . I City State Zip I Size of Group Experience in General Gymnastics? _Yes I Comments or Questions?

_No

L _______________________________ 24

I I I I I I I I I

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

Men's Report

1989 Junior Olympic Skill Testing Review marked the greatest growth in the Junior Olympic Skill Testing program since its inception. Although, actual change in the difficulty of the skill levels were minor, extensive revisions were made in order to reflect international trends and to make the Testing more challenging. Major changes occured in the following areas: a. the a'ge group classification was upgraded b. skill guidelines and evaluations were made more specific and challenging c. the number of allowed attempts on each item was reduced from three to two.

1989

It was feared that upgrading and changing the

age classifications might have a negative impact on the growth, participation and quality of performances. Even though the number of participants in the younger age groups (12-13, 14-15) did drop from the previous year, this is expected to increase as the gymnasts and coaches become more comfortable with the difficulty level. However, the number of gymnasts in the 16-18 age group increased by more than double from previous year. This results in part from the expansion of the age group from 17-18 to 16-18 years and the fact that only minor changes were made in the level of difficulty of the skills. This article will identify areas of improvement from previous testings as well as list common mistakes and weakness in current performance levels. A future article will address technical execution and progressions for selected individual skills. Despite the generally increased difficulty level of the Testing program this past season, the athletes demonstrated strong improvements in many areas, including: a. Double leg and loop circle on Pommel Horse - showed a much improved total body extension. b. Flair circles - showed maintained wide straddle legs and improved technical execution of the flair circles. c. Handstand on Rings - showed better body position (alignment) and turning of the rings. d . Basic swing on Parallel Bars - this was demonstrated particularly in sequence in all age grops, i.e. Stutz handstand, Stutz handstand, Diamidov or back toss. e. Peach to straight arm support - it should be noted that four gymnasts in 16-18 age group performed the skill to handstand with completely straight arms. f. Inverted giant - while there is considerable TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

work to be done, it was encouraging to note that all of the athletes at least attempted this skill. g. Strength on Parallel Bars - it was evident that the overall strength level has improved --the greatest improvement was on the parallel bars. h. Flexibility - this is by far the most improved area in the program. Most impressively, the older age group nearly equaled that of the younger groups. (This has generally NOT been the case) The following listing includes those skills in each event which were evaluated to be performed with unacceptable technical execution by a majority of the gymnasts, therefore, special attention should be devoted to the improvement of these skills for future training. (see Tables 1, 2 & 3 for a complete listing.) Floor Exercise: 12-13 1. Round off back handspring, w hi p back to immediate high layout back 14-15 (All were executed with acceptable technique) 16-18 1. Round off back handspring, whip back to immediate double full or double back Pommel Horse: 12-13 1. Back false scissors 2. Direct Stockli B from circles 3. Five single pommel loops 14-15 1. Longitudinal travel full length and back to half length of horse in same turn (without pommels) 2. Bailie, direct stockli B, loop around to straddle H.s. dismount 16-18 1. Magyar travel Rings: 12-13 1. From inverted hang, double dislocate, lock arm shoot through H.s. to tucked double back dismount 14-15 1. From handstand, straight arm forward giant to handstand, straight arm back giant to handstand 16-18 1. Straight arm support swing to handstand 2. Kip L or front uprise to support, L support, stiff press to handstand, straight arm forward giant to handstand, straight arm backward giant to handstand Vault: 12-13 1. Handspring with half twist to flat on the back of the body onto safety mats at horse height 14-15 1. Any Tsukahara or Kasmatsu with C value 16-18 1. Full twisting Tsukahara tucked or piked or Kasamatsu tucked or piked Parallel Bars: 12-13 1. From su pport or stand, straight arm peach

Hideo Mizoguchi, Junior Men's Technical Coordinator

to support 2. From support swing above rail, layaway to glide kip, back stutz 14-15 1. Giant swing from support (45 0 above horizontal) to momentary handstand 2. Stutz H.5., Stutz H.5., Diamidov of back toss to H.5. 3. From support or stand, straight arm peach finishing at least horizontal 16-18 1. From handstand, Stutz H.5., Stutz H .S., Diamidov H.5. back toss H.5. 2. Healy to straight arm support and swing to handstand 3. Straight arm peach finishing above horizontal Horizontal Bar: 12-13 1. Any flip catch continuing back to giant without combination deduction 2. There were no INVERTED giants 14-15 1. Two different flip catches in combination from any type of swing in one turn followed by kip to one complete giant 2. Inverted giant from value moves 16-18 1. Two different flip ca tches in combina tion in one turn 2. Two one arm giants in succession 3. Inverted giants to hop pirouette Strength: 12-13 1. Cross, front lever or straddle planche 2. L support - hollowback press to handstand 14-15 1. L support - hollowback to handstand straight arm and straight body, lower to L support - straddle stiff to handstand 2. L support to straddle stiff stiff to handstand -lower to B or better strength hold 16-18 1. Kip to support - immediately to planche with legs together, lower to L support straddle to stiff stiff to H .S. -lower to B or better strength hold part except planche or straddle planche

Summary Overall, 1989 National Skill Testing was very positive and encouraging. The changes in the program were introduced to continue athlete improvement and focus our future direction in the sport. During the transition period, we must give sufficient time for growth as well as understanding to the gymnasts who are currently in the program as well as future participants. The fad that there are a few skills that were commonly missed in all of the age divisions probably reflects a lack of emphasis on proper progression and / or focus on incorrect technical execution. (Eg. the whip-back action On tumbling; skewedness of longitudinal travel On Pommel Horse; straight arm-back uprise to handstand On rings; straight arm peach On Parallel Bars, inverted giant on High Bar and the strength sequences on Rings). The Junior National Coaching staff has been very pleased with the progress made to date by the participants and coaches in the testing program. This positive trend will certainly continue as we all become more familiar with the skills.

Table 1 • USGF J.O. Boy's Skill Testing Evaluation Age 12·13 Total number of participants =15 TUMBLING /I III IV la. RO, FF 211 full 83 2 6.2 • BONUS Pt ski ll· RO, FF, dbl bk 3 66 1 6.5 2. RO, FF, Ft slo, RO, FF, 111 UO 100 a 6.6 3. FHS 2 Bounder HS to tk Ft 80 3 6.3 4. RO, tk'd/piked arabian QI RO piked/srtdled side 100 a 6.8 5. RO, FF, Whip to immed high UO Bk 53 7 5.5 6. Dance Sequence (chasse, tourjete, etc.) 1 6.8 93 POMMEL HORSE 1. 3 Ft false scissrs, leg cut, 3 Ft scissrs on other side 100 a 7.1 2. 3. Bk false scissrs, leg cut, 3 Bk false scissrs on other side 60 6 5.7 3. Dir Stckli B from circle(s) 60 6 6.1 4. Lngtiudnl trvl, entire Ingth horse, circle on end (fir mntd hrs wlo pml) 73 4 6.2 5. Grcl, moore, crcl, moore, crcl, side trvl -loop 1/2 dsml 66 5 6.0 6. 10 flair crcls IIlr mntd hrs or mat stacked horse 66 5 6.4 7. 5 sngl pmllool crcls on buck, sngl pml mshrm or horse 53 7 4.9 8. 30 double leg crcls in series 60 6 6.0 STILL RINGS 1. From hndstd (3 sec) - Nk to gnt dislocate, shoot to HS (3) 60 6 5.6 2. Frm inv hang, dbl dslocte, lock arm thru HS to tck'd dbl 33 10 4.8 3. Frm series of inlocates, Honma to support 80 3 6.1 4. Bail frm HS (3sec) - gnt into-bK rise hand (3 sec) 66 5 5.7 VAULT 1. Hndspg wi 1/2 twist onto salety mats (flat bk) 66 6.6 2. Hndspg to stand onto mats at horse hI. 7.0 93 P BARS 1. Gnt swg frm suprt (30 0 above) turn to suprt. 80 3 6.1 2. Swg piro to stutz (45 0 or above) 60 6 6.0 3. Bk loss or Diamidov 60 6 4.6 4. Frm suprt, bail to glide, Bk stutz (Ft abv rails) 23 10 5.1 5. Frm suprt or std, strgt arm peach to suprt (feet above rails) 20 12 5.6 6. Dsmnt: frm hndstd, I/o bk or piked It from value skill 80 3 6.5 HIGH BAR 1. Frm gnt swg, release: Any flip catch bk to a giant 40 2. Frm It giant, stoop to overgrip or hop to under grip gnt, jam 3/4 eagle, hop 53 • BONUS Pt skill - stoop, jam to inverted gnt a 3. Ft gnt, piro, gnl, stldr, gnt, bind chg, gnt (can sub endo) 93 4. Dismount: Tck'd or open tck'd dbl bk from gnts 93 • BONUS Pt skill - any full twisting dbl or LO dbl a STRENGTH 1. L suprt (3) • hollowbk press, HS (3) (P·bars) 60 2. V suprt (3) • slif slil press/ legs together, HS (3) lower, Strdl L suprt (3) (P·bars) 66 3. Dip swgs Fwd and Bkwrd x 3 (P-bars) 100 4. L suprt (3) - strdl slif slit press, HS (5) - lower, L suprt (3) st body st arm (rings) 73 5. a) cross b) Ft lever c) Strdl planche (choose 1) (3) (Rgs) 40 FLEXIBILITY 1. Split sideward 100 2. Rt leg split 100 3. U leg split 100 4. Pancake stretch 100 5. Back bend 100 6. Shoulder flexion 100 7. Trunk flexion (pike fwrd bend) 100

9 5.0 7 6.3

6.7 7.1 6 5.9 5 6.4 6.7

4 6.4

9 5.5

a 9.2 o 9.2 a 8.4 a 8.7 a 7.7 a 8.8 a 8.4

LEDGEND: I # of attempts on Bonus Poinl Skill II % of successes III # of misses IV Average Score

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

Table 2 • USGF J.O. Boy's Skill Testing Evaluation Age 14·15 Total number of participants =10 TUMBLING I II 75 1. RO, FF, open tck'd or piked dbl bk • BONUS Pt skill- RO, FF, full-in or dbl LO 2 100 2. Tck'd ft s/o, RO FF, tck'd dbl bk 90 100 3. RO, FF, whip, 2/1 • BONUS Pt skill- RO, FF, 3/1 a 100 4. RO, FF, whip 1/1 • BONUS Pt skill - RO, FF, whip, tck dbl bk 0 5. FHS, 2 bounder FHS, tck'd open or piked Ft 90 100 6. Dance Sequence (chasse, tourjete, etc.) POMMEL HORSE 1. 3 ft scssrs, leg cut, leg cut, 3 bk scssrs 80 2. Lngtucnl trvi-fuilingth of horse & back to saddle (no pommels) 60 3. Bailie, drct stckli B, loop hndstd dsmt 60 4. 3 crels, legs togthr on 4 parts of horse' 100 -5. 10 flair crels (floor mntd horse or stckd mats) 100 6. 40 dbl leg crels wi legs togthr 80 7. 7 sngl poml crels on buck or mshrm wi poml or regulation horse 100 STILL RINGS 1. Honma to suprt frm any swg 100 2. 3 sec hndstd, strt arm gnts both drctns (3 sec each) Rvrsble 10 3. Hndstd, str arm gnt thru hndstd to "C" Ivl dsmt 80 • BONUS Pt skill- same as 3 but dsmt = "D" a VAULT 1. Hndspg ft tucked or cuervo tucked 70 • BONUS Pt skill - any hndspg vault of D value a 2. Any Tsukahara or Kasamatsu of C value 40 • BONUS PI skill - any Kasamatsu or Tsukahara of 0 value a P BARS 1. Gnt swg from suprt (45 0 above) to hndstd 30 2. Stutz to hndstd, stutz to hndstd, diamidov or bk toss 30 3. Healy to strt arm suprt 60 4. Frm suprt or std, strt arm peach to suprt (at lease horiz) 40 5. Dsmt: tck'd db Ie bk, value move to a 1 1/2 testng frnt, ot hndstd to gnt swg to tck'd db Ie bk off end of bars 100 • BONUS Pt skill- Any "D" level dsmt a HIGH BAR 1. Release: 2 diff flip catches in combo followed by kip to one gnt 60 2. Two l-arm gnt fwd or bkwrd in succession 70 3. Kip chng, gnt, endo, piro, stldr, bind chg gnt (Stalder or endo must be drct to nxt move) 70 4. Invrt'd gnt from value move 60 5. Dsmt: multiple somi of "C" value • BONUS Pt- Dsmt: multiple somi of "D" value 3 STRENGTH 1. V suprt (3) throu L suprt - hollowbk, HS (3) - one HS pushup (3) (P-bars) 90 2. Strdl L (3) - strdl planche - strdl st body press, HS (3) st arm st body, lower to L suprt (3) stif stif prss I legs together, HS (3) (P-bars) 60 3. Dip swgs fwd & Bkward x 2, to HS on 2nd one (P-bars) 90 4. L suprt (3) - hollowbk to HS (5) • st bdy st arm, lower to L suprt (3) (Rings) 50 Straddle slif stip press 10 HS (5) 5. L suprt • slrdl slif slif 10 HS (5) • lower to B or better strength (3) (Rings) 50 6. Kip to suprt - st arm swg bk to hroiz - swg fwd & bkwrd to HS (5) 60 FLEXIBILITY 1. Split sideward 100 2. Rt leg split 100 3. Lt leg split 100 100 4. Pancake stretch 5. Back bend 100 6. Shoulder flexion 100 7. Trunk flexion (pike fwrd bend) 100

TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

Table 3 • USGF J.O. Boy's Skill Testing Evaluation Age 16·18 Total number of participants =23

III IV 2 6.8 a 8.0 a 6.8 a 7.3

0 6.6 1 6.3 8.0

2 6.4 4 6.2 4 5.7 a 6.8 a 6.8 2 6.4

a a

6.4 7.2

9 5.1 2 6.8 3 6.6 6 5.8

7 5.1 7 5.1 4 6.0 6 5.9

7.3

4 6.0 3 6.0 3 6.2 4 6.2 a 8.5 a 8.2 1 6.4 4 6.1 1 7.1 5 5.7 5 5.9 4 5.3

a a a a a a a

8.7 8.8 8.4 8.6 7.9 8.2 8.9

TUMBLING 1. RO, FF, 2/1 full • BONUS Pt skill- RO, FF, 3/1 full 2. Tck'd ft somi, SIO FHS bounder hndspg LO Ft 3. RO, FF, pikde dbl bk 4. RO, FF, full-in, arabian dbl ft or LO dbl bk 5. RO, FF, whip, immed dble full or dbl bk 6. Dance Sequence (chasse, tourjete, etc.) POMMEL HORSE 1. 3 ft scssrs, 2 leg cuts, 3 bk scssrs 2. Lngtrudnl trvl complete Ingth of horse (fwd & bkwrd) w/o pm Is 3. Crel(s), bailie to pomlloop, dir stckli B, loop to strdl hndstd dsmt 4. Magyar travel (leather & pommels) 5. 10 flair crels (fir mntd horse or stached mats) 6. 10sngl poml crels on buck or mshrm w/poml or regulation horse

II 95 1 100 82 91 82 70

100 91

2 7.1

6 6.4

65 8 6.1 52 11 5.5 100 a 7.0 82

STILL RINGS 1. Hndstd, bail to Honma to strt arm suprt 95 2. Strt arm suprt swg to hndstd (3 sec) 13 3. Kip L or It rise to suprt, L (3), slif slif press (3), str arm fwd gnt (3), str arm bkward gnt (3) 52 4. Hndstd, strt arm thru hndstd (Ft or bk) to "D" dsmnt 91 • BONUS Pt skill- Hndstd, strt arm thry hndstd (FT or Bk) to "D" dsmnt 4 100 VAULT 1. Hndspg ft piked or cuervo piked 87 • BONUS Pt skill- Any hndspg with "D" value a 2. Tsuk 1/1 tck/piked or Kasamatsu tck/piked 74 • BONUS Pt skill- Any Tsuk or Kasamatsu of "0" value 5 100 P BARS 1. Stutz hnd, stutz hnd, diamid. hnd, bkToss hnd 43 2. Gnt sen from hndstd to hndstd (2 sec) 82 3. Healy to strt arm suprt - swg to hndstd 56 4. From early drop or std, strt arm peach (above horiz) 35 5. Dsmt: Tck'd dbl bk, value move to 1 112 fwstng ft, hndstd to gnt swg to tck'd dbl bk off end of bars 87 • BONUS Pt skill - Any "D" level dsmnt 3 100 HIGH BAR 1. Two different flip catches in combo (1 turn) (p Pts.) followed by a kip to gnt 65 • BONUS Pt skill - flip catch is "D" 5 100 2. Kip cQng, gnt, Endo, pirom stldr, bind chng 74 3. Two l·arm gnts in a row 65 4. 2 Invrt gnts from value move (9· "0" score) 43 5. Dsmnt: multiple somi of "C' value 91 • BONUS Pt skill - Dsmnt: any "D" dsmnt 5 80 STRENGTH 1. V suprt (3) thru L suprt - hollowbk press to HS (3) - lower to strdl planche (3) (RB) 87 2. Strdl L suprt to strdl planche - st bdy st arm press to HS (3) - st (P-bars) 95 3. Dip swg to HS x 2 (series) (p-bars) 100 4. L suprt (3) - hollowbk press to HS (5) • st bdy st arm, lower to Cross (3) (Rings) 65 5. Kip 10 suprt • immediately to planche I legs together (3) • lower 10 L suprl (3) 52 strdl slif slif press to HS (3) • lower to B or better strenglh (no Planche or strdl planche) (Rings) FLEXIBILITY 1. Split sideward 2. Rt leg split 3. Lt leg split 4. Pancake stretch 5. Back bend 6. Shoulder flexion 7. Trunk flexion (pike fwrd bend)

III IV 1 7.4 a 9.5 4 8.8 2 7.6 4 7.4 7 6.2 a 7.8

100 100 100 100 100 100 100

4 6.3 1 6.7 20 5.4 11 5.7 2 6.9

8.1

3 7.3 6 6.3

9.0

13 5.2 4 6.3 10 5.9 15 5.8 3 6.5 7.7

8 5.6 7.2 6 6.3 8 6.2 13 4.4 2 8.1 1 7.5

3 7.0 1 7.3 7.5

8 6.3 11 5.9

a a 1 a a a a

8.4 8.6 8.4 8.3 7.3 7.8 8.0

LEDGEND: I # of attempts on Bonus Point Skill II % of successes III # of misses IV Average Score

Congress Information

1990 USGP Congress Challenges in the 1990's

he 1990 USGF Congress will be held in New Orleans, LA September 12-16 with the theme "Challenges in the 1990's." The first Challenge will be to offer the membership the best ever Congress! The results of the participant survey from last year's Congress in Philadelphia have been carefully evaluated in the planning for New Orleans. Listed below are some of the challenges that the USGF has addressed based upon the survey results.

Program offerings 1"l". . . . .""'IIIf'-....-

...'"

The general criticism last year was that there were too many conflicting sessions. Therefore, while continuing to offer sessions in all of the special interest areas, this year fewer different sessions will be be offered ... but many sessions will be offered at two different times (if you miss an important session, you will be able to attend the second session). In addition:

• The USGF General Assembly session will be replaced by an "Open Forum" session with Mr. Jacki and members of the USGF staff for those interested in the details of the opera ton of the Federation. • In response to the request for MORE scheduled sessions on Thursday, there will be special interest sessions planned for Thursday morning. In addition, a full schedule of Congress sessions will be offered beginning at 1:00 pm on Thursday. ALL of these sessions will be repeated at some time during the following days of Congress so those of you who can plan to attend early will have more choices, but those of you who can only attend beginning on Friday might still have an opportunity to hear one of these presentations. • Increased attention will be given to "grassroots" or developmental gymnastics sessions. The survey indicated high interest in these kinds of sessions. • Sunday - Essentially the general Congress sessions end on Saturday. Sunday morning will be devoted to additional committee meetings and "testing" sessions, including: USGF Safety Certificaton Course and Test, Women's Program Skill Evaluators Testing, Women's Program Meet Directors testing and the various judging certification examinations, etc. Where possible, these will be scheduled to conclude before noon. 28

Pre-Congress Seminars Last year the USGF offered the first pre-Congress Business Seminar. This was conducted by Patty Komara and Jeff Metzger and was conducted for a FULL DAY on Wednesday and a half day on Thursday. An additional fee was required for participation. While only 35 people participated in this first effort, the response was very positive! Plans in 1990 include another Business Seminar, a pre-school Developmental workshop, Time Management for Coaches by the Franklin Learning Institute, the 1st Instructor's Workshop in General Gymnastics, plus more!

USGF A wards Banquet While most survey respondents "liked" the banquet, they complained aboutthe length. There will be some changes made! You can look forward to a very new and exciting format including multi-media presentations. The Awards part of the Banquet will be streamlined and presented in a new format. The Banquet will feature Guest Speaker, Mr. George Steinbrenner. George is the owner of the New York Yankees and the Vice president of the U.s. Olympic Committee. Exhibits - Once again the Exhibition Hall will be filled with displays of the finest and newest in gymnastics equipment, services and support. We hope to make the Hall a fun place to congregate with not only the typical displays, but music, food, and exhibitions! We are encouraging our exhibitors to provide even more give-a ways, contests, etc. than in years' past!

New Orleans New Orleans is a very exciting city! The food, the music, the people, the city itself, and the atmosphere! Besides the learning experience of Congress, we hope to allow you the chance to really enjoy yourselves by experienceing New Orleans and its people! General Congress sessions will be planned to conclude each day so that you will have the evenings free to indulge in Cajun hospitality! The host hotel is the New Orleans Hyatt. The hotel is near the French Quarter. The USGF has secured special room rates for singles, doubles, triples and quads. A large block of rooms has been reserved, up through early August, but it is suggested that you make your room reservations early to be sure of a room in the host hotel. Se the Congress advertisment on the next page for more information. April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

USGF

CONGRESS,

SEPTEMBER

13-16,1990

CHALLENGES IN THE 1 GIS NEW ORLEANS

USGF Congress in New Orleans .. .Iand of dreams. From 1990's Basin Street Blues to the rumbling metropolis laced in antiquarian accent, take some time out from the Congress to let New Orleans entertain and fascinate you . Brimming with culinary pleasures, the spicy city is known for its Cajun cooking. Stroll the fabulous French Quarter, visit the museums and antique shops, enjoy street entertainment, and the haunting echoes of pure jazz, played like nowhere else in the world!

HOST HOTEL New Orleans Hyatt Regency , Poydras at Loyola Avenue (504) 561-1234 Wed, Sept. 12 - Registration & Pre-Congress Business Seminar Thur, Sept. 13 -Registration & Opening Sessions of Congress Fri , Sept. 14-Congress Sessions Sat, Sept. 15 - Congress Sessions and Banquet

rREGISTRATION FORM I l O NE NAME PER REGISTRATION

II UNa=m=e------- -- - - - - -- -- I Nome of Club / Program I Address

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SEMINAR FEES

Featured Guest Speaker at the Annual Awards Banquet:

$90.00 for USGF professional members postmarked by Aug. 1. 1990.

GEORGE STEINBRENNER

$110.00 for USGF professional members postmarked after Aug . 1, 1990.

Owner of the New York Yankees. Vice President of the U.S. Olympic Committee. Catalyst of the "Steinbrenner Report"

••••••••••••••••

RATES Single ............ .. .. .. .. .. ...... $ 68.00 Double ...... ,.. .. , .. .. , .. ....... $ 84.00 Triple .. ......... ... ........ ..... .. .$ 94.00 Quad ................... ", ... .. .$104.00

II ~--------------City Zip

I Sta te Pho ne (da y) Phone (night)

$150.00 for non-USGF professional members regardless of date.

FEE INCLUDES: Free entrance to all lectures, master clinics , demonstrations, Final Awards Banquet,and free admission to the e xhibit area featuring the industry's finest products. Registration is non-refundable after September 4, 1990. NO EXCEPTIONS.

USGF Pro Ii

ExpDate

This fo rm must arrive at our offices NO LATER THAN Aug ust 31. 1990. After Aug ust 31 . you must register on-site. Registration is non-refund a b le afte r September 4. 1990. NO EXCEPTIONS.

Circle appropriate title: ( )Women's Prog . ( ) Judge ( )Men's Program ()Coa c h ( )Admin ( )Club Owner ( )Rhythmic Program

-= -

Please return this - _ _ _ registration form with -- check or fee to:

• Cfy. ~

USGF CONGRESS . . . . Pan American Plaza 20 1 S. Capitol. Ave. U.S. GYMNASTICS Indianapolis IN 46225

•

FEDERATION . _ _______ _ ----lI

Men's Minutes

Jope Meeting January 13-14, 1990 Indianapolis, IN Meeting opened at 8:55 am by Robert Cowan Roll Call - All members present except: Region I - Jerry Hinkle Sports Science Rep. - Dr. Robert McKelvain I. OFFICE REPORT - Robert Cowan A. Patti Auer is now the Director of Press Communications. She can help you do press releases if you give her the available radio stations and newspapers. B. Dale Brown is the person to contact if you want to help work at the 1991 World Championships. C. The 1991 Congress will be coordinated around the World Championships. There is a thought of splitting the Congress into two times, Presentations and Technical. D. Bill Meade is the Goodwill Games Competition Coordinator. E. August 4 & 5, 1990 in San Francisco the USA vs. USSR The Senior National Team will do compulsories and the Top gymnasts will do optionals vs. USSR F. The FIG wants to have a World Championships every year scheduled for the first quarter of each year. G. The 1992 World Championships will start being every year. On this year it will be an Optional Meet only. It could bring back Specialists! H. Contingency Plan if NCAA drops their program. 1) Could have Regional Training Centers. I. There are 6 permanent housing spots at USOTC for gymnasts. 1. Ron Brant is coordinator for the Training Center in Colorado Springs. 2. To be eligible: the boy must submit a proposal to Robert Cowan to move to Colorado Springs and it must approved all the way thru the MPC.

11.1990 JO NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP QUALI-

FYING SCORES Motion to cancel split scores for Class II Gymnasts. MOTION - Ray Gura SECOND - Scott Morrow PASSED

Recommend 92.00 points as the qualifying score for Class II. MOTION - Ray Gura SECOND - Scott Morrow PASSED

Recommend 94.00 points as the qualifying score for Class I. MOTION - Ray Gura SECOND - Yoichi Tomita PASSED

Mentioned that the judges did a great job last year and that they just have to remain consistent. III. JUNIOR OLYMPIC CALENDAR FORMATDennis McIntire A. Survey Taken: 94 sent out - 47% return B. Recommendations for 1991:

1. State Meet in March - 2 weeks prior to Regional Meet. 2. Regional Meet in April- 14 days prior to Nationals 3. National Championships - First weekend of May 4. July and August for skills training. 5. Skills Testing: a. State Testing - third weekend in September. b. Regional Testing - first or second weekend of October. c. National Testing - second weekend of November camp to follow. Motion to have 1991 JO National Championships the first weekend in May. Regional Championships no later than two weeks before nationals. State Championships no later than two weeks before regionals. MOTION - Robert Cowan (to Dennis McIntyre and Rick Tucker's proposal) SECOND - Scott Morrow PASSED

IV. 1991 JO NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS DATE/SITE - Cowan A. May 3-5, 1991 Friday, Saturday, Sunday. (only if needed - there will be a Conference Call on Sunday, Feb. 18,1990 at 10:00 pm EST for JOPC) B. Received Two Bids 1. LAarea- TimKlempnauer,LoyolaMarymount Univ. 2. Tuscon area - Yoichi Tomita, Univ. of Arizona. Motion to accept Yoichi Tomita's bid contingent on being able to have prescribed date. MOTION - Ralph Druecke SECOND - Ray Gura PASSED

V. REVIEW OF JUNIOR COACHES STAFF CHANGES - Dennis McIntyre A. Chairman - Dennis McIntyre Secretary - Dr. Robert McKelvain Procedures Committee - Yoichi Tomita, Kelly Crumley, Tim Erwin B. Steve Whitlock - is in charge of Educational Services Department of USGF. His Primary role over the next 2 years will be for coaches education. VI. NEW BASE SCORING PROPOSAL - RBrant A. Base scores for levels: 6.2 Class V 7.2 Class IV Class III 8.2 9.2 Class II Class I 9.2 B. Class IV and III gymnasts would be allowed a second vault, if they have received a zero on their first attempt. There would be a one point deduction from their final score.

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

C. A 1.0 score will be the minimum given by the officials on each event. Motion to accept the proposal for 1990-91 compulsory season starting in September. MOTION - George Beckstead SECOND - Mike Thomas PASSED

VII. AND BY1992 (A NEW DIRECTION) -Cowan At this time the JOPC went into a Brainstorming Ideas session. Each member was asked to speak for 5 minutes. IDEAS- we had many (these are only some) a. Get more boys involved thru public elementary schools. b. Specialized competition to deal with more kids - specialists. c. Lecture/demonstrations - sequential gymnastics - for AAHPERD demos to teach. JOPHER articles. d . Difficulty to educate people to worth of sport. e. Lack of fulfillment as coach in regards to sacrifices financially and professionally. f. Skill testing rewards - Why do it? - different levels at recreation, competition, and elite. g. Information to JCS/JOPC as soon as it becomes known - with detailed instruction. h. Cross polination of information. i. Talent ID - take gymnasts to potential j. What type of system works - time, education, marketing, judging is best equal for human performance. k. Long term goals / guidelines. I. Need more national judging/coaching clinics with interaction. m. Need more information on technical areas.

Meeting adjourned at 6:05 pm Reconvened Sunday, JanuanJ 14, 1990 by Robert Cowan Motion to form a Committee with Mike Thomas, Ralph Druecke, Hideo Mizoguchi and Dennis McIntyre to make a skill list chart using guidelines of the previous committee to present a presentation at the next JOPC meeting. (Amended to report due by April 15, 1990).

football games, etc. MOTION - Gene Watson SECOND - Tim Daggett PASSED

RECOMMENDATION that the USGF should make educational materials available at pertinent times, ie. JO Nationals. Discussion of intent of a Clinic and its evaluation from education of staff to something for the general community - Mizo to do it in a day and a half. Preferred after JO Nationals. Motion that Ed Burch chair a group to write a coaching manual- after discussion DROPPED

Motion that Ray Gura be in charge of Coaches Development Manual in an Editor capacity (paid position). Report on draft content and progress due by April 15, 1990. MOTION - George Beckstead SECOND - Gene Watson PASSED

Motion that Gene Watson head up a Skills Level Achievement Committee. MOTION - Dennis McIntyre SECOND - Scott Morrow PASSED

Motion to accept Robert Cowan's proposal on Skill Testing Dates starting in 1991 (see item #111). MOTION - Tim Daggett SECOND - Scott Morrow PASSED (Abstain - 2)

JO NATIONAL TEAM PROPOSAL - H. Mizoguchi To be named by taking the top 10 Class I and top 10 Class II gymnasts at JO Nationals and have them partake in skill testing with 50% of Nationals score and 50% of skill testing score to determine placings. This could be in place by the summer of 1990.

Meeting adjourned at 12:07 pm Submitted by: Tom Fontecchio, Secretary JOPC

MOTION - Gene Watson SECOND - Ralph Druecke WITHDRAWN BY WATSON

Recommendation that Dennis McIntyre be in charge of Skill Committee and submit a report by April 15, 1990 MOTIONSECOND - Yoichi Tomita PASSED (Abstained -1)

Motion to form a compulsory committee. Progress report due by April 15, 1990 Chairman - Hideo Mizoguchi Judging - George Beckstead Promotion Video - Steve Whitlock 4 additional members - appointed by H. Mizoguchi MOTION - Ray Gura SECOND - Yoichi Tomita PASSED

RECOMMENDATION that the USGF create a Coaches Manual to deal with professional organizations, ie. AAHPERD, Presidents Council on Physical Fitness, to promote our sport! RECOMMENDATION to the USGF Office to make a Public Service Announcement (PSA) video for the promotion of gymnastics, it. University spots during TECHNIQUE April- June, 1990

Men's Minutes

Mens Program Committee Conference Call

See the article on page 15 for a complete listing of the 1990 USGF Elite Requirements.

Members on call: Greg Buwick Chairman of MPC Sr Coaches Representative Vice President for Men Jim Howard Bill Roetzheim FIG Men's Technical Committee Member Ed Burch Junior Coaches Representative Junior Coaches Representative Yoichi Tomita NGJA Representative John Burkel Athletes Ad visory Council RepJim Hartung resentative Dave Mickelson NCAA Rules Committee Chairman Mas Watanabe USGF Technical Coordinator (Voice, no vote) Mens Program Administrator Robert Cowan (Voice, no vote)

He had not. There was concensus that the process had been followed and no further action was taken. There will be the three approved qualifying meets as outlined in earlier minutes. At this point, discussion arose about the resignation of Chuck Ehrlich at Northern Illinois and the subsequent impact on this program. MPC members will contact Chuck and the new coach, Carlos Sylvestre. There being no further business, the call for adjournment was asked. MOTION - Dave Mickelson SECOND - Jim Howard PASSED (unanimously)

The call ended at 9:30 pm EST The above is true and accurate to my knowledge. Respectfully submitted: Robert Cowan

Members absent: Peter Kormann Senior Coaches Representative

February 5,1990 Greg Buwick open the call with an explanation of the work done by the committee ofBuwick, Alexander, Howard and Watanabe on increasing and revising the Additional Combination Requirements for the USGF Elite program for 1990. He stated that their purpose was to work toward quality "D" elements being used in the USGF program. I. ADDITIONAL COMBINATION REQUIRE-

MENTS Working from a prepared document mailed to the committee, each page was reviewed. Jim Howard corrected some syntax errors, sentence structure and typographical mistakes. John Burkel asked very good questions regarding specific application and examples of the use of the new rules. Motion to Accept the document from the sub-committee for1990 USGF Elite Requirements, as amended with immediate implementation. MOTION - Bill Roetzheim SECOND - Greg Buwick PASSED (unanimously)

See the article on page 15 for a complete listing of the 1990 USGF Elite Requirements. II. ADDITIONAL EAST COAST REGIONAL Greg outlined that a memo from Robert Cowan had explained Roy Johnson (u. of Mass. coach) was concerned about the availability of a regional elite qualifying meet farther east than Ohio State and that schools who were interested had not gotten a chance to bid. Robert Cowan explained the process and also asked Greg Buwick if Roy had contacted him as instructed.

Friends of Nils Bengsson Nils retired from the California Gymnastics Center last July, 1989 ending 50 years of continuous coaching. A recognition dinner is being planned for the evening of May 5, 1990, in San Jose followed by events the next day to bring all the people together for a weekend of true friendship honoring a man that has touched so many lives in this wonderful world of gymnastics. Please contact me IMMEDIATELY with your name and the names of all theindividuals you can contact that will be attending. I hope that this short notice does not present problems for you and that you will make every effort to attend. Dave Peterson California Gymnastics Center (408) 286-1440 (408) 294-8617

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

HE IGGEST HE EST! W

hen the 1991 World Gymnastics Championships swing into the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis, the two operative words will be the biggest and the best.

Consider these facts: • The 1991 World Gymnastics Championships will be over th ree ti mes bigger than the gymnastics competition at the 1992 Olympic Games; • The 1991 event will be the biggest gymnastics event in the history of the sport; • The Hoosier Dome wi II be the largest venue ever dedicated soley to hosting a gymnastics event: (Seating capacity for observing competition: 30,000); • More than 50 countries are expected to attend; • More than 1,200 foreign athletes, coaches, judges and officials will be traveling to Indiana; • 42 medals will be awarded in 14 championship events; • The 1991 World Championships will serve as the qualifying event for the 1992 Olympics; this means that the absolute best athletes from each cou ntry wi II participate, including the rising new stars from Romania, the Soviet Union , and the USA. • Approximately 800 media

1991 WORLD GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS INDIANAPOLIS, SEPTEMBER 6-15 and press representatives are expected to attend; • International television coverage will reach into more than 20 countries on five continents; • Openingceremonieswill be held in Market Square Arena, which can seat up to 17,000; flOur intention is to set a new standard for the World Championships," explained

Mike Jacki, executive director of the U .S. Gymnastics Federation (USGF) and president of the local organizing committee that wi II stage the event. fl Our first goal is to properly showcase the ath letes and thei r talents. But we also want the eventto leave a lasting impression - on the participants, the spectators and the history books," Jacki added. Under the theme "Share the Magic," the World Gymnas-

tics Championships Committee (WGCC) will attemptto recreate the magic and pageantry associated with successful Olympic-styled, multi-sport events. And Indianapolis the Amateur Sports Capital of the World - is no stranger to this kind of effort. In the past decade, the city has staged the 1982 National Sports Festival (now called the U .S. Olympic Festival), the 1987 Pan American Games, the first World Indoor Track & Field Championships and numerous other national and international sporting events. Keep watch i ng TECHNIQUE in the months ahead. The U.s. gymnastics community will get the first crack at ordering tickets, with the best price packages going to USGF professional members! For more information about the event, or to have ticket brochures sent to you when they become available, write to:

1991 WORLD GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS INDIANAPOLIS. SEPTEMBER 6·15

1991 Tickets! 201 South Capitol , Suite 391 Indianapolis, IN 46225

Women's Program

1991 Team Selection Procedures Women's 1991 World University Games Selection Procedures

Women's 1991 Pan American Games Selection Procedures

I. WORLD UNIVERSITY GAMES TEAM TRIALS A. World University Games Team Trials will be held June 15, 1991. B. Qualification for Trials by a maximum of twenty (20) gymnasts. 1. The top ten (10) All-around gymnasts from the NCAA Division I National Championships, April 20-21 at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. Declined slots will be filled in rank order. Gymnasts with all-around scores below 37.00 will not be considered until a decision is made on all petitions. 2. Up to an additional ten (10) slots to be filled by petitions. Petitioning athletes must be properly admitted and registered for the 1991 fall semester with a full time course of study at a University recognized by the competent academic authority of the USA. Petition can be submitted by: a. Any gymnast who is a senior in high school and who has been accepted and enrolled in a university I college in the fall of '91 . b. Any collegiate gymnast whose team is not in the NCAA Championships and who did not qualify to compete as an individual. c. Any collegiate gymnast whose team is at the Championships but did not compete all-around in that particular meet. Gymnasts in category "a" should submit three (3) most current AA scores as criteria for their selection. Gymnasts in categories "b" and "c" should have five (5) all-around scores to submit as criteria for their selection. 3. If petitioned slots are not filled, selection would go back to rank order from NCAA Championships. C. Trials Competition will be a one round AllAround optional competition with a total of the four apparatus events. Competition IB FIG Rules will be used. D. Injury petitions for World University Games Trials may be submitted for : - athletes unable to compete in and qualify through the NCAA Division I Nationals. Petitions will be accepted for review, if the gymnast can reasonably show through past meet results that, if she had been able to compete, she would have qualified.

I. PAN AMERICAN TEAM

A. Qualification 1. Championships of the USA competition consisting of top 24 Seniors and the top 24 Juniors from the Classics (6) from American (18) from U.s. in both divisions plus the 1990 Goodwill Games Team and the World Cup Competitors. 2. Competition at Championships of the USA will be All-Around Elite Compulsory and AllAround Optional exercises. (60% Compulsory - 40% Optional). 3. The All-Around scores from the Championships of the USA will count as 100% in determining an individual's overall final ranking. 4. If less than 32 gymnasts enter the Championships of the USA replacements will be made in the following order: a. Approved injury petition. b. US Classic (closest meet to Championships of the USA) . B. Injury petitions for Championships of the USA will be accepted for consideration by the WIPC if a gymnast can reasonably show through past meet results with current rules and compulsories, if she had been able to compete she would have qualified. II. PAN AMERICAN TEAM SELECTION A. Injury petitions will be accepted for consideration by the Selection Committee. B. Based on the combined total AA score from Championships of the USA four (4) gymnasts in rank order 11-14 and the top three (3) Juniors who will be 14 years old in 1991 will be invited to participate in the Pan American Games. Alternates to be selected Senior replacing Senior and Junior replacing Junior. C. According to the United States Olympic Committee Technical Regulations, seven (7) gymnasts is the official team size. D. Replacement of a team member will occur only due to serious injury.

Note: All petitions to be directed to the attention of: Elite Program Committee Chairman, Roe Kreutzer WUG Chairman, Jackie Fie WP A, Kathy Kelly 34

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

Women's Program

Text Differences Level 10 and Elite

The Junior Olympic Program Committee's philosophy is that judging emphasis should focus on the correct-exact presentation of the major elements within the compulsory routines with the expectation of full amplitude and execution of each element. Connections should be viewed as those parts of the exercise where the gymnast has the opportunity to present her most refined and developed movement qualities, controlled yet fluent, rhythmical, dynamic and personally styled. Deviations in the area of connections, should not be overally penalized. The gymnast must announce to the judge if she will be performing the elite connections.

Balance Beam Level 10

Elite Tuck Stand #2b Free leg parallel to the beam IS REQUIRED

Tuck Stand #2 Free leg parallel to the beam IS NOT REQUIRED

Chasse' #3 Text is same as Level 10. Elite may show one arm forward in OPPOSITION Cartwheel #4b Reversal MUST be done with the Tuck Stand

Cartwheel #5 Reversal MUST be done with only one step before the cartwheel

Leap#l9b From an arabesque, ONE STEP to leap

Leap #15 From a LEG LIFT FORWARD, TWO STEPS into the leap

3600 Turn #20a Free leg forward turned out

3600 Turn #15 Free leg FORWARD

Oblique Scale #23 Arms slight right angle

Oblique Scale #17 Arms are DIAGONAL

Curtsey & Pose #24 a & b Curtsey and pose after 1800 turn are in a SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE position

Curtsey & Pose #18 & 19 Curtsey and pose after 1800 turn are in cross postition. From 180 0 turn, STEP LEFT, right leg in forward passe'.

From the 1800 turn, weight is TRANSFERRED to left leg, right leg in forward passe'.

Floor Exercise #4 Step after curtsey Bring right foot FORWARD to a narrow foot placement, left in front of right

#4 Step after Curtsey Step BACK onto the right leg closing the left leg beside right in parallel foot placement

#6 Arabesque Step FORWARD LEFT with 45 body turn right

#6 Arabesque Pivot 45 0 right on right leg and step forward onto stretched left leg

#7 Forward arm (left) Arm is in an undercurve with the forearm extending to the forward upward diagonal middle, palms inward

#7 Forward arm (left) ... Arm is forward middle curved (1st postition)

#8 Arms from Lunge to Side passe 3/ 4 backward arm circle of left arm to crown position. Right arm moves through horizontal to forward rounded position.

TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

#8 Arms from Lunge ... Left arm lifts directly to crown positition. Right arm moves to side middle, palm down, arm straight

Level 10 #9 180 0 Arabesque Turn

#9 180 0 Arabesque Turn

ELITES ARE DOING THIS TURN AS A FOUETTE WITHOUT THE HOP Left arm stays at side middle and moves back to back horizontal oblique with the focus back over the left shoulder. Right arm stays at high side. #11 Pose after Back Extension Roll 4th position with Right foot pointed in front Both arms lift to high forward diagonal, then left elbow bends to place palm close to left shoulder #12 90 0 Turn to Developpe Transfer weight forward to right leg in demi plie, left leg (slightly turned out) bends and toes point to the back of right knee.

Right arm moves to match the left arm at side middle from crown position #11 Pose after Back Extension Roll 4th position, right foot forward both feet flat bearing equal weight Both arms high, palms out #1290 Turn to Developpe Execute 90 0 turn to the left transfering weight to Right leg in demi plie', Left leg bends to forward passe

Open left arm to lateral and right arm to low

Both arms lower to side middle, Right arm continues to forward low curved

Both legs extend with a 90 0 pivot to the left on Right leg, left leg develop pes forward to 90 0 or higher.

Same without pivot

#14 Chasse Right arm remains high during flight and then softly lowers to (small wave) to lateral

#14 Chasse Arms side middle

#22 Pose after Valdez Left knee is bent in back and hips are piked slightly backward so that knees are together side by side with straight front leg.

#22 Pose after Valdez Left leg is slightly turned out and bears little body weight

#29 Arms on Step sidewards after arabesque Left arm moves to side middle, Right arms move to vertical

#31 Arms after Arabesque Both arms move to side middle

#31 Step to scale Small hop backward off the right leg to land on both feet side by side, small stretched backward off both feet to land on right and brush left leg backward to scale on right leg in demi plie.

#33 Step to Scale Step backward left with immediate take-off from left leg, draw right leg in front of left to small stretched jump backward to land in a scale on the right leg, demi plie'.

#32 Arms after the 305 turn Arms in lateral during turn

#34 Arms after the 305 ' turn Both arms circle forward from side middle, to downward then lift to side middle

#37 Arms after Saito Reach across to side right with left arm, then softly circle arms laterally from right to left

#38 Arms after Saito Circle left arm then right arm circle forward from high to downward and then back to pose

#62 (last) 360 0 Turn Free leg bent forward upward, foot to knee

#48 (last) 360 ' turn Right leg is bent forward, upward to sideward passe foot to knee

April- June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

Women's Technical

USPG Supplement Floor Exercise

8. SALTOS

1. GYMNASTICS LEAPS, JUMPS, HOPS BVALUEPART S-1.45 Chasse 1/ 1, open to 180째 Cross Split, land on two feet S-1.46 Tour Jete followed by an additional 1 / 2 turn to land on one leg C VALUE PART (FIG) 1.70 Split leap forward with leg change and 1/ 4 turn S-1.70 Switch leg Leap to land in Split Sit S-1.71 Tour Jete to immediate Split Sit S-1.72 Full twisting Tour Jete to Split Sit S-1.73 Jump 2/ 1 turn in air to immediate Split Sit S-1.74 Tour Jete 1/ 4 turn to Side Split Leap (total 270째) S-1.75 Stretched Jump with 2 1/ 2 turn S-1.76 Butterfly with 1/ 1 twist S-1.77 Switch leg Leap and 1/ 4 turn into a prone position on the floor S-1.78 Cat leap 1/ 1 turn to immediate Split Sit D VALUE PART S-1.93 Switch leg Leap and 1/2 turn to Split Sit S-1.94 Stretched Jump with 3/ 1 turn S-1.95 Cat Leap with 2/ 1 turn S-1.96 Schushunova 1/ 1 twist in horizontal plane

Balance Beam +.20 +.10 +.10 +.20 +.20 +.20 +.20 +.10 +.10

+.10 +.20 +.20 +.10

2. GYMNASTICS TURNS

BVALUEPART S-2.34 Prone 1/ 1 twist in air (horizontal to floor) DVALUEPART S-2.98 4/ 1 turn on one leg

+.20

5. HANDSTANDS

A VALUE PART S-5.07 Healy Twirl- from handstand 1/ 1 twist on decent. 7. WALKOVERS, CARTWHEELS, ETC.

A VALUE PART S-7.14 Valdez from two feet or with one arm holding ankle S-7.15 Cartwheel 1/ 1 twist B VALUE PART S- 7.33 Diamidov CVALUEPART S-7.64 Straight Jump, Cradle or Flic Flac to Handstand with 2/ 1 - 3/ 1 turn in handstand

TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

B VALUE PART S-8.39 Whip Back 1/1 twist D VALUE PART S-8.106 One and 1/ 2 Twisting, 1 3/4 Saito to Forward Roll +.20 S-8.107 One and 1/ 2 Side Saito to Roll or Front +.20 Lying Support

1. MOUNTS A VALUE PARTS S-1.14 Chest stand with legs touching head S-1.15 Glide Kip to free Straddle position S-1.16 Headstand Mount S-1.17 Switch leg Leap to Straddle sit sideways with one hand support S-1.18 Switch leg Leap, finish by placing back foot on beam with hand support S-1.19 Jump 3/ 4 Handstand B VALUE PARTS S-1.43 Chest Stand press to Handstand S-l.44 Castto Straight body HS (Sideways to Beam) S-1.45 Press to HS, release hands, simultaneously to drop to forearm stand S-1.46 Free Forward Roll C VALUE PARTS S-1.76 Free Switch leg Leap S-1.77 Handstand - 2/ 1 Pirouette S-1.78 Press to HS-Hop 1/ 2 turn drop to forearm stand S-1.79 Full Twisting Aerial Walkover to rear support (from side of beam) S-1.80 Round-off with Hecht Phase before support (must pass through vertical) S-1.81 Straddle Jump Mount on the end (180째 Split) (1500 Split = B) S-1.82 1-Arm Press to Handstand (2 sec.) S-1.83 Free jump with 1/2 turn and split in flight phase to a stand (Code 1.60 with split) D VALUE PARTS S-1.107 Front Saito with 1/ 2 turn to stand S-1.108 Round off, Arabian Saito S-1.109 Front Saito in Pike Position to Stand S-1.110 1-Arm Cartwheel with Hecht Phase S-1.111 Free Jump 1/ 2 turn and cross split S-1.112 Side Saito

+.10 +.10 +.10 +.20 hand +.10 +.10 +.20 +.20 +.20 +.10 +.20 +.20 +.20

2. LEAPS, JUMPS

A VALUE PARTS S-2.08 Cabriole (Front or Back) S-2.09 Straight Jump with Change of legs (Front, Back, Front)

B VALUE PARTS S-2.35 Switch leg Leap, less than 180° (minimum 150°) S-2.36 Stag Switch leg Leap with 180° on second Split 5-2.37 Tour Jete - Leg separation 90° or less S-2.38 Pike Jump in side or cross position (hip < of 1100 required) C VALUE PARTS S-2.76 Switch leg Leap, 1/4 turn with +.20 180° Split sideways S-2.77 Forward Split Jump performed sideways on beam with 180° Split +.20 S-2.78 Standing on the beam in a cross position Jump to 180° Side Split - Legs rotate backward as arms reach to the beam to swing down, +.20 finishing in a cross straddle sit S-2.79 From a Side Stand, Jump 1/ 2 turn +.20 to Side Split (1800) sideways D VALUE PARTS S-2.98 Jump 3/ 4 turn with 1800 split Sideways +.20 +.20 S-2.99 Cat Leap with 1 1/ 2 turn +.20 S-2.100Straddle Jump with 1/ 1 turn +.20 S-2.101 Pike Jump 1/ 2 turn (90° or above) +.20 S-2.102 Tour jete plus 1/4 3. GYMNASTICS TURNS

A VALUE PARTS S-3.06 Single leg circle through half position, lifting hands and foot as leg cuts around S-3.07 Scissor swing forward or backward as in men's pommel horse S-3.08 Headstand - 1/ 2 turn 5-3.09 Back spin 180° B VALUE PART S-3.37 Headstand -1/1 turn free CVALUEPART S-3.63 3/4 Illusion turn +.10 S-3.64 1/ 1 turn in scale, leg at horizontal +.10 S-3.65 1/1 turn holding leg (front, side, 45° above horizontal) 4. WAVES A VALUE PARTS S-4.04 Toe Rise B VALUE PARTS S- 4.33 Toe Rise - 2 second hold or into element 5. HOLDS

A VALUE PARTS S-5.09 Scale forward on balance stand with hand holding leg C VALUE PARTS S-5.67 Planche in a diagonal line. Hand position on beam is between cross and side postition. Shoul+.10 ders angled to the beam (45°) 6. ROLLS

A VALUE PARTS S-6.06 Hip Circle S-6.07 Forward shoulder roll with hand support B VALUE PARTS S-6.37 From Squat Stand, Free Backward Roll to feet C VALUE PARTS S-6.62 One arm handstand forward roll +.20

7. WALKOVER, CARTWHEELS, ETC A VALUE PARTS S-7.06 Back Walkover to Bridge, full turn on 1 foot (1 hand support) to sit S-7.07 Front Walkover to Bridge, Full turn to sit S-7.08 Chest stand cartwheel B VALUE PARTS S-7.43 Cartwheel to HS, Dislocate to fall to seat, sideways S-7.44 Flic Flac with flight to headstand (vertical) S-7.45 Swing through right leg to a push off left leg to Round off (swing through round off) S-7.46 Back Walkover to Bridge, 1/ 1 turn on 1 foot (1 hand support) and complete walkover without pause C VALUE PARTS +.10 S-7.80 Switch leg Aerial Walkover S-7.81 Gainer Side Aerial +.10 S-7.82 Switch leg Aerial Cartwheel +.10 S-7.83 Walkover Forward with 1/1 turn and release of one arm to a tuck sit (he ely twirl) DVALUEPARTS S-7.94 Aerial Cartwheel with 1/4 turn outward to land on 1 foot in a balance stand - free leg extended +.20 S-7.95 Flic Flac with 1/1 twist before hand support +.20 S-7.96 Flic Flac 1/ 2 turn to straddle sit +.20 S-7.97 Side Aerial crossways +.20 S-7.98 Front handspring 1/ 1 +.20 8. SALTOS

C VALUE PARTS S-8.66 From one knee push off to a Salto Forward to a sitting position

+.10

D VALUE PARTS S-8.94 Back Tuck Salto to Swing down S-8.95 Back Tuck Sideways S-8.96 Arabian Salto S-8.97 Gainer Back Salto with 1/ 1 twist

+.20 +.20 +.20 +.20

9. DISMOUNTS

A VALUE PARTS S-9.09 Jump from end of beam with 2/1 twist to stand C VALUE PARTS S-9.73 Tsukahara tucked or piked dismount

Uneven Bars 1. MOUNTS

A VALUE PARTS S-1.10 From rearward stand in front of LB, jump backwards under LB to kip catch S-l.ll Glide, hop change hands to eagle grip, glide back hop change to regular grip, glide kip S-1.12 Glide, 1/ 2 turn, glide back kip up S-1.13 Free Tuck/ Pike Jump to stand on LB B VALUE PARTS S-1.44 From a long swing on HB or a glide on LB: Swing forward to a straddle circle swing through support to a handstand S-1.45 From rearward stand in front of LB, Jump backward under LB to inverted pike hang, back kip up or straddle cut to regrasp HB or LB

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

C VALUE PARTS S-1.69 Jump forward with free straddle over LB, 1/ 2 turn to catch HB in Eagle Grip (l / 2 turn must be free) S-1.70 Hecht vault over LB, to front support on HB +.10 D VALUE PARTS S-1.98 Jump with bent hips to handstand with 1/ 1 turn in HS S-1.99 Jump with extended body, 1/ 1 turn in HS phase S-1.100Jump with 1/ 1 -1 1/ 2 turn to arrive in HS on LB S-1.101 Front Salto over LB with 1/ 2 turn to grasp LB

4. CIRCLE SWINGS +.10 +.20 +.20 +.20

2. CIRCLES A VALUE PART S-2.05 Backward Sole Circle, shoot legs, release hands regrasp in eagle grip on backs wing B VALUE PARTS S-2.40 From rearward sit on HB or from Long Swing, reach back to grasp LB to Clear Pike or Stalder Circle on LB S-2.41 Reverse Grip (Front Giant) or Forward Stalder on LBto Salto catch on HB S-2.42 Backward Giant on LB into reverse hecht action to catch HB C VALUE PARTS S-2.86 From Long Swing forward hop to Reverse Grip, Salto on backswing to catch same bar +.10. S-2.87 Underswing backward, Dislocate with 1/ 1 turn (Schleudern 1/ 1) on HB +.10 S-2.88 LB Front Giant (reverse grip) - must start and finish in Handstand, also with 1/ 1 turn after Handstand S-2.89 LB Front Giant, Forward Salto catch same bar S-2.601 Backward Giant on LB into Reverse Hecht to regrasp LB in glide. S-2.602 Sole circle to 7/ 8 Handstand-stretch roll Fwd. to catch HB with Straddled legs +.10 S-2.603 Backward giant circle to handstand on HB from either side. D VALUE PARTS S-2.901 Giant on HB to Handstand - Hop to recatch LB, Glide Kip S-2.902 Back giant to handstand to hop to recatch LB glide kip

+.20 +.20

3. BACKWARD SWINGS - CASTS

B VALUE PARTS S-3.40 Rear lying hang, lift body upward to a Salto Backward (Tuck) to catch LB (Salto must be done with flight) C VALUE PARTS S-3.79 Front lying hang, uprise, forward straddle cut to sit on HB S-3.80 Long Hang, Beat Swing backward, Front Salto catch HB (also from an Eagle Grip) S-3.81 Uprise with 1 1/ 2 twist to catch LB +.10 S-3.82 From Handstand, Long Swing between bars with 1/ 2 twist (one hand change), Back Uprise, release HB, 1/ 1 twist to recatch on HB +.10 S-3.83From a stand on LB front salto over HB to eagle grip S-3.84 Korbut - backhandspring on same bar S-3.85 Heely twirl- from a handstand fall forward with a full twist on downswing TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

D VALUE PARTS S-3.100Front lying Hang, Cast (Uprise) to Front Salto to sit on HB (Retton) +.20 S-3.1 01 From Handstand, Long Swing between bars, on counter-swing Salto Forward over LB to +.20 catch LB A VALUE PARTS S-4.08 From a Hang on HB, Swing forward to Free Front Hip Circle on LB, Recatch HB S-4.09 Free Front Support on' HB, Fall Forward with 1/ 2 twist to catch LB C VALUE PARTS S-4.76 Clear Straddle Circle Forward, Front Salto grasp HB S-4.77 From Hang on HB, Backward Hip Circle on LB, Hecht 1 1/ 2 twist to catch HB S-4.78 Single Bar hecht, recatching same bar in Eagle Grip +.20 S-4.79 Backward Sole Circle, release HB and regrasp in Eagle grip, on backswing Straddle Front SaIto catching the same bar +.10 S-4.80 False Eagle with 1/ 1 twist to catch LB S-4.81 Sole Circle 1/ 1 turn, Regrasp in Eagle Grip, on backward Straddle Front Salto, catching the same bar +.20 D VALUE PARTS S-4.96 Underswing (backward Sole Circle) +.20 Reverse Hecht S-4.97 From HB, Underswing (backward Sole Circle) to Front Salto 1/2 twist to catch LB +.20 5. STRETCHED SWINGS FORWARD

A VALUE PARTS S-5.02 Front lying Hang, Straddle over, swing in Hang on HB, release one hand and regrasp in mixed grip to twist 3600 as you release other hand to regrasp HB in Eagle Grip B VALUE PARTS S-5.31 From Handstand on LB, 1/ 2 Giant Circle Backward, release to grasp HB and continue to pull hips over to front support. (Must show flight toHB) S-5.32 From Handstand on LB, swing forward 1/2 Giant with 1/ 2 turn and Salto forward to catch HB (Delchev LB - HB) S-5.33 From HB facing out, Long Hang Swing, lift legs, release HB, drop backward to catch LB (Also from sit on HE) C VALUE PARTS S-5.61 LB Deltchev with 1/ 1 twist to catch HB S-5.62 Cast or Clear Hip to Handstand Swing forward with 1/ 2 turn to Eagle Grip (Higgins Roll) +.10 6. LEG SWINGS

A VALUE PART S-6.07 Counterswing 1/ 2 turn grasp LB S.6.08 Hock swing 1/2 turn catch HB or to a front support S-6.09 Forward straddle cut B VALUE PART S-6.35 1/ 2 Forward Giant Circle to Backward Straddle over LB to Hang C VALUE PARTS S-6.65 Counterswing to Handstand on LB with 1/ 2 turn in or 1/ 1 turn after Handstand +.10 39

D VALUE PARTS S-6.95 Counters wing, Uprise with 1/ 2 turn to Handstand and flight to Handstand on LB +.20 S-6.96 Counterswing Straddle back to Handstand on LB with 1/ 1 turn in Handstand +.20 S-6.97 Whipsalto (Tanac) to catch in hang on LB 7. KIPS

B VALUE PART S-7.42 From a rear support on HB - seat (pike) circle backward through clear rear support with 1/ 1 turn (Code 7.41 with an additional 1/2 turn) S-7.43 Long hang swing pike legs between hands and extend to a rear support.

h VALUE PART S-7.64 From Handstand, swing forward, pike into bar, kip backward to Handstand (Weiler kip) 8. DISMOUNT

A VALUE PARTS S-8.06 Uprise Front Tuck Saito over LB to Stand S-8.07 Long swing beat LB with Front Saito to Stand S-8.08 Front lying hang, beat uprise Straddle over HB to stand S-809 Hecht with 1/ 2 twist (on LB) S-8.10 Underswing from LB or HB with 1/2 turn B VALUE PARTS S-8.39 Whipsalto-Tanac from the LB S-8.40 Front lying Hang, Beat Uprise, Straddle over HB with 1/ 1 twist S-8.41 Backward Sole Circle, release HB and regrasp in Eagle Grip, on backswing Saito forward tucked with 1/ 2 twist S-8.42 From front support on HB, Underswingwith 1 1/ 2 twist S-8.43 Front lying Hang, Uprise to Tuck or Pike Front Saito with 1 /2 twist to outward stand, back to LB. S-8.44 From Handstand, Clear Straddle Circle forward on HB to Saito forward tucked with 1/2 twist S-8.45 Hecht with 1 1/ 2 twist C VALUE PARTS S-8.72 From Long Hang Swing, Beat LB, swing back to Front Saito with 1/ 1 twist +.10 (piked or stretched) S-8.73 Whipsalto-Tanac with 1/ 1 twist off LB +.10 S-8.74 Hecht from LB with 2/1 twist +.10 S-8.75 Backward Sole Circle, release HB, and regrasp in Eagle Grip, on backswing Saito forward tucked with 1/1 or 11/2 twist S-8.76 From a Handstand, Clear Straddle Circle forward on HB to Saito forward +.10 tucked with 1/1 or 1 1/ 2 twist S-8.77 Underswing with 2/ 1 twist

Vaulting Group 0 - (Level 8 Closed Only) S.OI S.02 S.03 S.04

Squat Vault Stoop Vault Straddle Vault 1 / 2turn (1 80°) on Repulsion off

7.0 7.5 7.5 8.4

Group 1- Handsprings, Cartwheels with and without Longitudinal Axis Turn (Twist) (FIG) Cartwheel- Side Saito with 1/ 4 turn 9.9 1.65 C VAULTS S-1.66 1/1 turn (360°) on -1 / 2 turn (180°) off 9.7 DVAULTS S-1.92 1/ 2 turn (180°) on - 2/ 1 turn (720°) off S-1.93 1/ 1 turn (360°) on -11 / 2 turn (540°) off S-1.94 Handspring on - 2 1/ 2turn (900°) or more off Group 3 - Tsukahara BVAULTS S-3.32 Tsukahara Tucked with 1/2 twist off CVAULTS S-3.63 Tsukahara Piked with 1/ 2 twist off S-3.64 Tsukahara Stretched with 1/2 twist off

10.0 10.0 10.0

9.5 9.6 9.8

Group 4 - Vaults from a Round-off (Elite Program Only) BVAULTS S-4.32 Round-off, Flic Flac - Saito backward Tucked with 1/ 2 twist CVAULTS S-4.63 Round-off, Flic Flac - Saito backward Piked with 1/ 2 twist S-4.64 Round-off, Flic Flac - Saito backward Stretched with 1/ 2 twist S-4.65 Round-off, Flic flac with 1/ 2 turn on - Salta Forward

9.5

9.8 9.9

DVAULTS S-4.99 Round-off, Flic Flac on - 1/ 2 twist 10.0 Front Saito off S-4.100 Round-off, Flic Flac with 1/ 2 turn on - Saito Forward Tuck with 1/ 2 turn 10.0 S-4.101 Round-off, Flic Flac with 1/ 2 turn on - 2/ 1 turn off 10.0

D VALUE PARTS +.10 S-8.105Whipsalto (Tanac) with 2/1 twist S-8.106Giant Circle Backward to Handstand, +.20 tuck Saito backwards +.10 S-8.107 /2 twist to Double Front

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

USGF Educational Workshop Women's Coaches'/Judges' Workshop Held in conjuction with the u.s. Classic Women's Competition Saginaw, MI - May 16-20, 1990 This workshop is designed for the coaches with athletes at Levels 8-10 and Elite and judges at all levels. The workshop will be scheduled in the mornings prior to the U.S. Classic competitions and a full day on Sunday. Participants will be able to purchase tickets to the competitions at a discounted rate. Workshop bonuses! • All participants who monitor special sessions will be able to receive "audit" credit for the USCF Safety Certification course. • For an additional fee of $25, participants will be able to take the USCF

7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11 :00 11:30 12:00 12:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 7:00 8:00 9:00

Safety Course - S. Whitlock Level 5 VHS & Practice Jug. Vaulting Session Level 10 CompsPeriodization -

•

• •

Safety Certification Examination in order to become fully Safety Certified (or to update your current certification for another 4 year period). NOTE: this represents a substantial discount over the standard Safety Course fee. Participants may attend a special 3.5 hour course offered in conjunction with the American Heart Association to earn certification in basic CPR. (Additional $15.00 fee required). Participant "Brunch" on Sunday morning at no additional fee. The USCF "Skill Evaluators Test"

Safety Course - S.whitlock Tech. SupplementUneven Bars --

eam- Martha Karolyi Sport Psychology -

Level 10 Opts Taping Modalities -

Floor Exercise Practice Judging-

CPR Course Jr "A" Opt Jr"A" Comp

Se~

ImageryDance -

Closing Session Sr. Comp - Round 1

Sr. Opt - Round 1

Jr "B" Opts.

Sr. Comp - Round 2

Sr. Opt - Round 2

Las Vegas Night...

Night on the Town ...

Theme Party ...

Name_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PhoneL-j,_ _ _ _ _ __ Address_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ City_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ State Zip_ _ _ _ __ Club or Organization you represent: ____________________ Soc Sec No. USGFNo._ _ _ __ _Coach _Judge _Other Social Functions you plan on attending: _ Las Vegas Night _Night on the Town _Theme Party _Sun. Brunch Please complete all information on this form and return to: USGF Department of Educational Services, Pan American Plaza,Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46225 Make checks payable to: "USGF" Q[ you may charge on : _VISA or _M.Card Card #_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Expiration date:,_ _ _ _ __

TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

• •

will be offered on Sunday morning (Additional Fee required*) The USCF "Meet Directors Test" will be offered on Sunday morning (Additional Fee required*) Workshop particpants are eligible for discounted tickets to all of the competition sessions! * The Skill Evaluators and Meet Directors Tests are open to any coach or judge... you need not be registered for the entire workshop to participate in these exams.

Featured Clinicians include: • Muriel Grossfeld • Martha Karolyi • Audrey Schweyer • Mary Wright • Staff from Saginaw ValleySt. Univ. • and many others! Competition site: O'Neill Arena Saginaw Valley State University Saginaw, Michigan Host Club: Saginaw Gymnastics Association, Home of the "Gym Jesters" Hotel Information: Hampton Inn (517) 792-7666 Bay Valley Resort / Hotel (517) 686-3500 Best Western (517) 686-0840 Knights Inn (517) 791-1411 Super 8 Motel (517) 791-3003

Basic Fee: Discounts: USGF Pro-Member _ Early Registration (Before 5/1/90) Add-on Costs: _ Safety Certification Test CPR Course Skill Evaluator's Test: USGFMember Non-member Meet Director's Test Meet tickets (all sessions)

Total Fee enclosed (T290)

$ 75.00 - 10.00 - 5.00 + 25.00 + 15.00 + 9.00 +15.00 +10.00 + 25.00

Women's Technical

Judges Training Manual (Update to the 1st and 2nd Edition) March 5, 1990 deduct for no dismount (0.3), the fall (0.5), plus no "B" dismount (0.1) , along with any composition or value parts missing.

Uneven Bars Pg.l F.l. F.2. Pg. 2 II. C. 3.

SHOULD READ:"FIG - 12 cm. mat thickness is required, 42 1/2 ' by 7 1/2 ' CHANGE: 5 1/2 " to 5 1/4"

Balance Beam

INSERT: (50 % of the judges must have

Pg. 1 II. A #4

ADD: "If gtjmnast is in the air when final time is called, she is overtime."

Pg.2 B. #2 a.

ADD: "(Routine watch stops)"

their view blocked in order to take a 0.2 deduction) Pg.3 E 1.

Pg.6 III. B.

Pg.6 III. D.

"Nodismountsinitiated from the feet , regardless ofpreceding element, are allowed. If one is performed, deduct 0.1 for no "B" dismount and do not award value part credit."

SHOULD READ:

"If gtjmnast preforms a release skill has a momentanj grasp with 2 hands on the bar and then falls , value raising would occur if applicable. (No bonus is awarded due to the fall.) Fall and execution errors are deducted."

SHOULD READ:

INSERT: Can not be used to fu lfill spe-

#3 a. Pg.6 II. A.

INSERT: c. - Swing forward , backward with 1/2 turn,drop, glide kip double leg

stoop through , will count as one element. I. A. 2.

SHOULD READ: "A" Elements cannot

be value raised nor serve to value raise connecting elements." Pg. 6 II. B.

SHOULD READ: "If an element is devalued and the devalued element is not

listed in the code, then no value raising can occur." Pg. 6 II. D.

INSERT: "Award the highest value"

Pg. 6 II. E.

SHOULD READ: "Elements requiring a 2 second hold for value part credit, can-

cial requirements." Pg.7 I. A. 1.

ADD: "(Routine watch stops)"

not be value raised, nor serve to value raise the next element." Pg. 6 II. F.

DELETE: the word "WAVES."

Pg. 6 II.

ADD: Letter "G" after "F" and add the

statement "body waves requiring a two second hold may not be used for value raising. If no hold is required they may be used."

INSERT: c. - A fall interrupts the count-

ing of the number of elements on the same bar. I. A. 3. d. SHOULD READ: "Free mounts overLB are considered neither a LB nor a HB

element." I. A. 4.

INSERT: b. - A fall from HB with continuation of routine on LB may be

counted as a bar change. I. A. 5.

INSERT: a. - Hops after HS will not be

considered a flight element. Pg.8 B. 4. a.

SHOULD READ: "A minimum of two 1/2 turns are required. ""(two 1/1 turns

would not fulfill this requirement. Must be 1/2 turn plus 1/1 turn or more) ADD #7: Progressive distribution of the

elements" ADD a. - "Routine doesn 't build to a

climax up to .20 " Pg. 8 C. 1. DELETE: "NO MOUNT" ADD a. - If the gt}mnast falls and does

Pg.6 II.

MAKE "G" LETTER "H"

Pg. 7 IV. A. 1.2.3.

SHOULD READ AS FOLLOWS:

A. Value part credit due to a fall will be considered.

1. Landing on the beam with one or two feet , skill is completed then falls: a. Value raising will occur if fall is on second element in a series. b. Series credit awarded if fall is on second element in a series. c. NO BONUS A WARDED 2. Incomplete landing on the beam with one or two feet (unsure landing) then falls: a. Value part credit given. b. Series credit awarded if fall is on second element in a series. c. NO BONUS A WARDED . 3. Foot (feet) immediately sliding along the side of the beam or no touch of the beam at all: a. No value part credit given for the element. b. NO SERIES CREDIT. c. NO BONUS A WARDED .

not continue with the routine, you would 42

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

("A" Elements can not raise a connecting element.")

Pg. 7 B. 4. c.

"These elements must be of at least "A" value part. Must be moving elements (leaps , jumps, turns, waves). Holds are not included."

Pg. 8 C. 9 & 10 INSERT: "MUST HAVE FLIGHT".

Pg.7 IV. B.

ADD:

Pg. 8 1.C.2.a.

SHOULD READ:

Pg. 8 I. C.

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS ADD #7:

Minimum of 360 degree turn on one foot. (*) + Mounts and dismount series are included for special requirements. The element on the beam preceding the dismount must have flight in order to award an acro series.

Pg. 8

SHOULD READ: "A handstand pirou-

ete connected to a gymnastic element would count as a gym/acro series. (No Value Raising Would Occur)"

Pg. 8 C.

ADD #11 : Lacking progressive distribu-

tion of the elements (Up to .20)

INSERT AFTER:

Pg. 9 D.

ADD #7: Insufficient

January 16, 1990

directional

changes (up to 0.10) Pg.9 F.

GENERAL FAULTS 2. - DELETE: NO MOUNT. SHOULD READ: If the gymnast falls

and does not continue dismount (.30), plus no "B" dismount (.10) and the fall (.50) , along with any composition or value parts missing. Pg. 10 2.4

INSERT AFTER B + B + C: No "B" flic

flacs connected to a salto backward stretched with step out would receive bonus. Pg. 11 2.5

THIRD EXAMPLE - In place of2/1 turn

on 1 leg insert tourjete. FIFTH EXAMPLE - In place of 2/1 turn

on 1 leg insert straddle jump. 2.6

FIRST EXAMPLE - In place of 2/1 turn

Pg.ll C.2

INSERT: If pne of the elements in a series has .25 or more execution error, no

on 1 leg insert switch leg leap. bonus may be awarded for the series."

Floor Exercise Pg. 1 I. A. 5

INSERT: It is strongly recommended

for level 8 competitions. Pg.4 E. #1.

ADD: # 5.32 and # 5.61

Pg. 6 H.C.

SHOULD READ: "A handstand pirou-

ette is not eligible to value raise on floor. If there is flight into the handstand then it may be value raised." Pg.6 II.

INSERT 0: "A handstand that is held

would not value raise." Pg.6 IV. A.

SHOULD READ: Addingaflicflactoan

existing flic flac does not change a series. Pg.7 I. B. 1. a. INSERT: "A series without 3 acro ele-

ments or without a salto is not considered a series." Pg. 7 I. B. 3. a. SHOULD READ: "Only leaps, jumps,

turns and waves are acceptable. NO HOLDS ." Pg. 7 I. B. 4. h. SHOULD READ: "The gymnastic ele-

mentmust bea turn, leap, jump or wave. NO HOLDS ." TECHNIQUE April- June, 1990

Women's Minutes

Women's Technical Committee Meeting Denver, Colorado February 16-18, 1990 Meeting called to order at 9:00 a.m. by Chairman, Marilyn Cross. Roll Call: Region I Region II Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII Region VIII Elite Technical Chairman Judges Training Comm. Admin. Board Chairaman Women's Program Adm. NCAA Representative NAWq

Joanne Pasquale Karen Wisen Lesley Ogg Linda Beran Carolyn Bowers Linda Chencinski Cheryl Hamilton Marion Dykes Audrey Schweyer Sharon Weber Mary Ann Mahoney Kathy Kelly Pam Burgess Dale Brown

The committee completed element evaluations and reviewed the Level 10 Compulsory Film on Friday night. I. MINUTES from the last meeting were approved.

II. ELEMENT SUPPLEMENT The Element Evaluations that were determined by the committee last night will be included in the Supplement. Document will be proofed by Marilyn, Cheryl and Linda C. Expected date of completion is March IS, 1990. III. JUDGE'S TRAINING MANUAL Judges' Training Manual3rd Edition is in print and available for purchase through the USGF Merchandizing Department. The updates to the 1st and 2nd Editions will be published in the next issue of Technique magazine. IV. UNSPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT The committee requested that the Exectuive Director and legal counsel formalize the penalities that are applied for Coaches Unsportsmanlike Conduct. (following a warning) V. LEVEL 5 JUDGES TRAINING VIDEO Kathy Kelly presented a copy of the edited LevelS Video. The committee was pleased with the finished product. The text will be finalized and copies of the video will be distributed to the State and Regional USGF and the NAWGJ officers as a service of the USGF Women's Program. This should be completed by March 1, 1990. Committee reviewed the Level 10 Compulsory Video. Script will be submitted and the office will edit the video. Level 10 Optional Video has been filmed and copies given to members of the committee for judging. Editing will be done by the office as soon as information is available. Distribution will hopefully be prior to State / Regional meets. VI. SAFETY COMMITTEE A concern for vault specifications for High School competitons was discussed. Committee requests that more research and contacts be made on a regional basis. Hopefully a section can be added to the Rules and 44

Policies specifically for High Schools. Committee requested that Safety Committee and Executive Director make a statement or a clarification concerning coaches standing on the board to spot a release move on bars. VII. J.O. TECHNICAL - Compulsory A. General Connie Maloney presented a document of the Elite/Level 10 differences for Beam and Roor for approval. The document will be published in the next Technique and distributed directly to all Level 9 and 10 Judges and State and Regional USGF and NAWGJ. B. Vault Level 10 Yamashita Recommendation that the deduction for insufficient hip angle (greater than 90째) #3, be raised to ... up to .50 Add deduction #7, Late Pike ... up to .50 Change deduction B.2. to read: Insufficient repulsion ... up to .50 (Effective for the 1990-1991 season) MOTION - Audrey Schweyer SECOND - Sharon Weber PASSED

C. Uneven Bars Recommendation to continue to use the FIG rules, as requested by the J.O. Committee, and if the Pendle Kip is used as a mount in a Level 10 Optional routine apply Compulsory Mount deduction of .30. MOTION - Linda Chencinski SECOND - Linda Beran PASSED (SEE BELOW)

** AFTER FURTHER DISCUSSION BETWEEN THE RTC's AND THE RJOPC's, THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE VOTE WAS CHANGED TO DEFEAT THE ABOVE MOTION. Recommodation to delete the deduction of .60 +.50 for "Substitution of element (3/4 Giant, 180째) with a "turning uprise" in the Level 10 Bar routine. Instead - Apply up to .30 deduction for incorrect timing of the tum. (plus any additional amplitude or execution deduction) MOTION - Linda Chencinski SECOND - Cheryl Hamilton PASSED

D. Roor Exercise Clarifications: Level 10 Roor Exercise I. 1. Should read: Body position failures in Saltosdeduct the Value of the Element Add (on page 20S J.O. Compulsory Book), #38 Pike or tuck .... 60 Add on page 1S7 to Specific Deductions Pike or tuck ... 60 LevelS Roor #3 Dive Cartwheel, TOTAL ABSENCE OF FLIGHT - deduct the Value of the Element. #8360 째 turn - gymnasts performs 1/2 turn, 1/ 2 turn - deduct Value of Element LevelS, 6, 7 Roor - Front Handspring - TOTAL LACK OF REPULSION FROM HANDS Deduct value of the Element Level 7 Roor - #4 "Free" forward roll April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

If gymnast places palms on floor and supports the roll- deduct the Value of the Element If gymnast executes the forward roll without touching hands on floor - NO DEDUCTION VIII. J.O. TECHNICAL -Optionals: A. Vault Discussion concerning the need for education for judges' to differentiate and utilize the deduction for L.A. vaults versus B.A. vaults. Connie Maloney will present a session on this at the USCF Congress.

Clarification: Deduction for Coach standing between the board and the horse is .50 for both Compulsory and Optional competition . B. Uneven Bars Clarification: Bar specifications: The Uneven Bars MAY BE ADJUSTED AS MANY NOTCHES AS NECESSARY TO FACILITATE SWING. THE ONLY REQUIREMENT IS THAT THE LOW BAR MAY NOT BE LOWERED BELOW FIG SPECIFICATIONS. In order to fulfill the compositional requirement of direction change, there must be two 1/2 turns or 1 /2 turn plus one full or more turn in a mount, dismount or within the routine. The turn must occur in an element that is listed in the 1989 Code of Points or the Element Supplement. (Two (2) full (1/1) turns will not fulfill the requirement and would result in a .10 deduction.

Clarification: Uprise backward to clear support (3.61), clear hip circle (1.65) are listed as 2 separate elements in the Code of Points. (C +.1,B) If executed properly would receive C +1+B = C +. 1+ Cv) Clarification: FIG 2.106 Giant full pirouette - D +.10 (credit is also given if pirouette is executed as a 1/2 turn in one direction, and the second 1/2 turn in the opposite direction) Clarification: Coach may NOT stand on the Board to spot a release move on bars. Clarification: Straddle kip over and pike jam over are considered two different elements when counting for use of compulsory elements. C. Floor

Clarification: Coach on the Floor Exercise mat would receive a 1.0 DEDUCTION plus NO CREDIT for the pass/element. If the yalso assist (touches) the gymnasts an additional .50 penalty will be applied. Clarification: Schuschunova - 1800 straddle split position (body vertical), legs rotate rearward to attain a stretched body position in horizontal prior to landing. Popa - Must show straddle pike jump position in any phase of the 360 0 tum. (legs at or above horizontal) IX. JUDGES CERTIFICATION, INC. Audrey Schweyer gave the report from JCI. Most of the recent problems have now been corrected. Record number of test were administered. Kathy Kelly reported that the USCF and JCI were in contract negotiations with an approval anticipated in the very near future. X. JUDGES TRAINING COMMISSION Sharon Weber ga ve the committee a progress report on the various projects of the commission, as well as future projects. Judges Training Commission was commended for all its efforts. XI. NAWGJ Dale Brown gave an overview of the recent controTECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

versy concerning the NAWGJ Fee Structure for USCF sanctioned competitions. The committee discussed regional problems and Kathy Kelly requested that the committee members do everything possible to insure that proper information was given to all members and priority always be given to the athletes. THE USGF COMPENSATION PACKAGE HAS BEEN APPROVED BY THE NAWGJ BOARD FOR USGF COMPETITIONS AND IS IN EFFECT AND MUST BE USED FOR ALL USGF SANCTIONED COMPETITONS AFTER FEBRUARY 1, 1990. XII. GOALS AND PRIORITIES Committee discussed its goals and priorities for the immediate future and long range plans. Kathy Kelly thanked the committee for all the work that they have accomplished within the last six months with technical information for our judges and coaches. Coals are as follows: '91 Judges' Educational Opportunities '91 Elite Judges Selection Procedures '91 Element Film (FIG CODE OF POINTS) '91 Level 8 Optional Film '91 Liason work with J.o. Compulsories and JCI

XIII. J.O.TECHNICAL CHAIRMAN - Women's Operating Code & Rules and Policies Recommendation that the Women's Operating Code be amended to show that the duties and responsibilities of the Junior Olympic Technical Chairman will be assumed by J.O. Olympic Women's Program Coordinator, Connie Maloney, with the following exceptions: Assigning judges for J.O. Nationals Meet Referee at J.O. Nationals. These duties will be assumed by the Women's Technical Committee Chairman. MOTION - Karen Wisen SECOND - Carolyn Bowers PASSED

Injury Petitions to J.O. Nationals should be sent to Linda Beran with a copy to the Regional Technical Chairman. (Linda Beran, 14628 S Street, Omaha, NE 68137 (402) 896-0558) The Women's Operating Code and the Rules and Policies will reflect these changes in its next printing. MOTION to Delete Sectional & State from Section IX Meet Officials pg. 39, F. of the Rules & Policies. MOTION - Lesley Ogg SECOND - Audrey Schweyer PASSED

XIV. COACHES/JUDGES SYMPOSIUM AT U.S. CLASSIC Assignments were made for the clinicians at the symposium to be held in conjunction with the U.s. Classic competition in Saginaw, Michigan. Final arrangements will be made by the office after the daily schedule has been determined. XV. CONGRESS SESSIONS WTC requested that a member of the WTC be present in all sessions involving Compulsory or Optional routine/ technique presentation to assist the presenters with technical viewpoints. XVI. NCAA REPORT - Pam Burgess gave a report from the NCAA. Clarification: 8" Skill Cushions are NOT allowed for use in USGF or NCAA Competitions. Recommendation to allow judges to score in .05 at NCAA Regionals Nationals. MOTION Linda Chencinski SECOND - Cheryl Hamilton PASSED

XVII. QUESTIONS - Optionals Bars 1. If a gymnast is in handstand on the HB and uses a "Bail" technique into an underswing overshoot 1/2 turn to regrasp LB, the body position is in long hang prior to the overshoot 1/2. Will this Yes stilf receive "C" credit? 2. Evaluate a Forward Giant to Forward swing flyaway 1/1 twist = B 1/2 twist = A, Floor 1. Will a plain hand support forward roll be considered an "A" value? Yes 2. Will a plain hand support backward roll be considered an "A" value? Yes 3. If a gymnast has a .15 error in a bonus skill such as a full-in- double-back salto and also lands or steps out of bounds from it, will it be considered No a 0.25 and negate the bonus? Will the gymnast still receive bonus? Yes 4. Many gymnasts are performing a cat 1 1/2 on floor with a bent leg (knee) leading off the floor and leg position under the body with small amplitude. It does complete the 11/2 turns. Is this a "B" skill? - Devalue due to lack of amplitude, incorrect leg position or incomplete twist. GeneralPlease clarify how the body p'o sition is determined by the initial body position when leaving support: i.e. Off the hands for vault and bar dismounts .. If the body leaves the horse in pike position and then stretched position, it will be considered a pike tsukahara. If it leaves the horse in stretched position, it will be a stretched/layout tsukahara witn penalties applied for pike during flight and/ or landing. The position is generally determined from off the feet in tumbling/ floor and tumbling/ foot take-off dismounts from tli.e beam, but there wIll be a moment for lift prior to the pull of the legs for a pike or knees for a tuck so the clarity of the position will determine the judgement of the type of skill. XVIII. DEDUCTION FOR SQUAT (7.0), STOOP AND STRADDLE (7.5) VAULTS For horizontal vaults an angle of arrival to the horse should be approximately 30째 from the horizntal. The line of arrival angle is determined by a line drawn from the hands through the shoulders and hips to the feet. The action of the squat, stoop, or straddle begins upon hand contact with the horse. First Flight 1. Insufficient flight between the board and placement of hands on the norse. up to 0.5 2. Body under horizontal at moment 2.0 of contact 3. Body at horizontal at moment of contact 1.0 4. Body between horizontal and 30째 up to 0.5 5. Squat, stoop, straddle too soon up to 0.3 6. Leg position faults up to 0.2 Support 1. Shoulders ahead of hands at moment of contact up to 0.3 2. Arms bent up to 0.5 3. Alternate repulsion up to 0.3 4. Late repulsion up to 0.3 5. Arms completely bent - body or head resting on horse Void Second Flight 1. Insufficient height up to 0.5 2. Insufficient length up to 0.5 3. Touching the feet on the horse up to 0.5 4. Support of the feet on the horse Void 5. Insufficient extension of body before landing up to 0.5 6. Leg position faults up to 0.2 Landing 1. Poor direction up to 0.3 2. Lack of dynamics up to 0.3 3. Landing out of balance up to 0.3 4. Fall or full support 0.5

Junior Olympic Conference Call February 5, 1990 Call Commence at 9:00 p.m. Region I Region II Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII Region VIII ABC EPCC JOTC WPA

Mark Cook (Chairman) Bob Levesque (absent from first call) Steve Snow (absent from first call) Tom Koll John Geddert (for Doreen Bolhuis) Danny Warbutton Frank DeFrancesco DJ Milem Mary Ann Mahoney Roe Kreutzer Connie Maloney Kathy Kelly

The main purpose of the call was to make a decision concerning J.O. Nationals. The committee decided to discuss the following issues and requested that the office provide membership information on the Level 9 & 10 athlete registration. Another conference call was scheduled for February 19,1990.

Call concluded at 10:30 pm, 2nd call commenced 9:00 pm February 19, 1990. - All members were present. Recommendation that the Age Determining Date for Level 9 & 10 athletes be June 30. Gymnast will compete the age she will be on June 30 for the entire season. MOTION - Connie Maloney SECOND - Frank DeFrancesco PASSED

The committee will discuss the Age Determining Date for the other Levels at the May meeting. AGE DETERMINING DATE FOR LEVELS 5,6,7 & 8 WILL REMAIN JAN. 1,1990 FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE 1990 SEASON. It was decided that ].0. Nationals (Jr Division) will be conducted at the United States Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado on May 4-6, 1990.

J.O. Nationals for Seniors will be conducted in Indianapolis, Indiana on May 11-13, 1990. ALL INJURY PETITIONS FOR J.O. NATIONALS SHOULD BE SENTTO LINDA BERAN, REGION IV TECHNICAL CHAIRMAN. Discussion concerning geographical representation of judges at both the Level 9 & 10 National meets. (2 per region) Discussion concerning the Levell 0 Bar Mount (Pend Ie Kip) was held. The committee will be communicating their concerns to the Regional Technical Chairman on this issue. Next Meeting will be held on May 13-14, 1990 after ].0. Nationals in Indianapolis.

Call concluded at 10:30 p.m. Approved (Mike Jacki), February, 1990

Approved: (Mike Jacki, March, 1990) 46

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

Rhythmic Technical

Clarification of the Risk Taking Bonus Point After the experience of the World Championships in Sarajevo, the RSG/FIG/TC finds it necessary to give the following specifications:

Example: 1. Throw, "chaine" turn + roll, and catch immediately 2. Throw, 2 or 3 rolls and catch immediately.

1. GENERALITIES 4. Loss of contact with the apparatus + performance of

1. The "loss of contact with the apparatus" is mainly represented by a large throw of the apparatus.

several dynamiC actions. The specifications listed under points 2 and 3 are also valid for these dynamiC actions.

2. Loss of contact with the apparatus + momentary

loss of visual control. The momentary loss of visual control can be-verified: a. At the moment of the catch of the apparatus: catch in the back during or immediately following an element of body movement difficulty or a dynamic element with a rotating motion. Example: 1. Large throw and catch during a jump or leap of medium or superior difficulty 2. Large throw and catch immediately after a jump or leap of medium or superior difficulty 3. Throw, then roll and catch immediately in the back either standing or in a position on the floor b. During the flight of the apparatus: catch during or immediately after an element of body rotation of medium or superior difficulty, or immediately after 2 or more elements of body rotations. Example: 1. Throw, pivot of medium or superior difficulty, and catch immediately 2. Throw and catch during or immediately after an "illusion" 3. Throw, 2 or more "chaine" turns, and catch immediately. 3. Loss of contact with the apparatus + catch in a position on the floor after one or several dynamic elements. a. In the case of a single dynamic element: the element must be of medium or superior difficulty with a rotating motion. Example: 1. Throw, jump or leap with successive kicks of the legs to the back with a half-turn, trunk momentarily horizontal, facing the floor (butterfly) (Leaps, Difficulty #19, p . 29), ending with support on the knees, and catch immediately. b. In the case of several elements (a minimum of 2): the two elements may be one with difficulty and one without: one of the two elements must be with a rotation. Example: 1. Throw, roll + balance on one knee and catch during the balance. 2. Throw, jump or leap of medium difficulty + roll and catch immediately The two elements may be without difficulties: both must be performed with a rotation.

TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

Bonus. A bonus of 0.10 points will be awarded when the composition includes in a visible manner several important and different cases of risk taking, executed flawlessly (a minimum of 3). II. SPECIFICATIONS REGARDING THE CATCHES

Rope: 1. For the open rope: catch with both hands at each end of the rope. 2. For the rope folded in two: catch both ends with one hand and the folded end with the other hand, or catch both ends of the rope with one hand (the rope ends may be tied together). 3. For the rope folded in four: catch each end of the folded rope with both hands, or catch one end of the folded rope with one hand. 4. For the full length of the straight rope: catch one end of the long straight rope, and with the same momentum, catch immediately the other end. 5. Special cases: wrappings: catch on different body parts with precise wrapping movements.

Note: Catches "at the end of the rope" means: no more than 5 cm. from the end of the rope (a 5 cm. tolerance zone is acceptable). Hoop: 1. Catch With one or two hands, with or without interruption of the movement of the hoop. 2. Catch with another part of the body, with or without interruption of the movement of the hoop. 3. Catch the hoop with a roll on a part of the body and recatch it at the end of the roll. 4. Catch the hoop with a rebound on a part of the body and recatch it.

Note: A catch passing through the hoop in a position of vertical splits (front or back) is considered as a catch with momentary loss of visual control during an element of body movement difficulty (risk taking). Ball: 1. General norm: the ball must be caught with one hand, even in a position on the floor, without intermediary rebound. 2. The ball may be caught with both hands, but only in the back or in a deep backbend position. 3. The ball may be caught with another part of the

Andrea Schmid, FIG/TC/RSG

body under the condition that it is not helped by one or two hands. 4. Catch the ball with a roll on a part of the body, then recatch it at the end of the roll. Clubs: 1. During elements of risk, the clubs may be caught with one or two hands, by the head, by the neck, by the body. 2. The catch may be performed with another part of the body under the condition that the gymnast does not help the catch with one or both hands. Ribbon: 1. Catch by the stick with one hand. 2. Catch by the ribbon with one hand. 3 Catch by the stick with another part of the body (ex. a leg).

Note: A catch with the hand must be performed at the end of the stick: a tolerance zone of 5 cm . is acceptable. General Remark. The "Risk" bonus will be granted for all the above mentioned cases only if the specific conditions mentioned under "I. GENERALITIES" are present. Exception valid for all apparatus: a large throw performed with the foot and caught with the foot (or with the leg - ribbon) is considered as "Risk Taking," regardless of the body movement performed by the gymnast.

III. SPECIFICATIONS REGARDING GROUP EXERCISES 1. In order to be valid, the risk element in a group exercise must be performed by all 6 gymnasts; at the same time, or in rapid succession; the same one or a different one. 2. If the risk element is performed by a sub-group (2, 3, 4, 5), even the remaining gymnasts must perform that element; the same one or a different one, at the same time or in rapid succession. 3. Performing a risk element by sub-groups or with the collaboration of all 6 gymnasts, means that each gymnast of the sub-group or of the team must contribute, with her movements, to the performance of the risk element. 4. Regarding the catch of the apparatus (whether the throw is performed by the same gymnast or by her partner), the specifications given under points II and III are valid . ex.: Element performed by the 6 gymnasts: Five (5) gymnasts on the floor (with their apparatus executing small movements): one gymnast throws her apparatus performs a leap of medium difficulty over 5 partners and catches her apparatus. In order to be valid as an element of risk taking, this element must include: - either the catch of the apparatus in the back - or the performance of rotating elements (ex.: "chaine" turns) before the catch ofthe apparatus.

Rhythmic Program Committee MInutes Colorado Springs, Colorado February 2 & 3, 1990 Roll Call Coaches Representatives Vice President RG FIG Representative Judges Representative Athlete Representative JO Program Representative Rhythmic Program Admin

Alla Svirsky Irina Vdovets Norma Zabka Andrea Schmid Candace Feinberg Wendy Hilliard Bev Bruce Nora Hitzel

DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION ITEMS I. AGENDA- The committee reviewed the follow-

ing documents: USGF international travel policy USGF international competition "prize money" policy USGF 1990 RSG National Team coaches financial support program 1989 USGF RSG budget 1986-89 RG International Competition results summary 1989 RSG International Competition results summary USGFSafety Certification Requirement for National Team Coaches and Judges

II. SPORT SCIENCE PROGRAM The committee discussed the results, problems and future directions related to the RG sport science program. Programs to improve the mental preparation of the competitive athletes and programs to increase proper nutritional awarness of athletes and coaches have been initiated and will be continued. Future emphasis for program development will be directed toward coaches education with regard to more appropriate, efficient, and safer body training and conditioning techniques. III. COACH-IN-RESIDENCE PROGRAM

Nora Hitzel discussed the program that is now in operation. Anelia Relenkova, 1981 Rhythmic World Champion from Bulgaria, will be in the U.S. until June, 1990. During this time she will be traveling throughout the country working with rhythmiC clubs and programs. IV. RHYTHMIC QUESTIONNAIRE Hitzel announced that a questionnaire will be sent to all Rhythmic professional members in the Spring of 1990 in order to obtain information for future program development and to develop a profile of the U.S. rhythmic program membership. V. JUDGES' ROLE IN ATHLETIC IMPROVEMENT A discussion was held concerning the role that judges should play in helping our athletes and coaches improve. The general concensus was that judges should be required to take a more active role. As a first step, the

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

judges report form for international competition will be revised so that more concrete and useful information can be distributed to coaches. Another suggestion was to send videos of events to selected judges for routine analysis. The Rhythmic Technical committee will be asked to study this issue further and report back to the RPc. VI. ATHLETES INTERNATIONAL REPORT Wendy Hilliard was asked to revise the rhythmic athletes international report form for use during the 1990 Spring com petition season. These reports will be confidential and returned to the RPC athlete's representative. ACTION ITEMS I. R.P.c. COACHES POSITION ELECTIONRecommendation that the coach's representative to the RPC be elected by all coaches who qualify an athlete to the National Championships. Motion: Bev Bruce Second: Gwen Hilliard DEFEATED

Recommendation that the coach's representative to the RPC be elected by National Team Coaches. Motion: Alla Svirsky Second: Andrea Schmid PASSED

Recommendation that each club with an athlete on the National Team be entitled to one vote regardless of the number of athletes on the National Team. Motion: Bev Bruce Second: Candace Feinberg PASSED

Recommendation that coaches eligible to run for this position must be a National Team coach and must have been designated as a coach on the athlete's entry form to National Team Championships. A maximum of two coaches per club will be eligible for this position. Motion: Andrea Schmid Second: Alla Svirsky PASSED

II. 1990 FOUR CONTINENTENTS QUAL. PROCED. Recommendation that the proposed 1990 Four Continents Qualification Procedure be accepted. Motion: Andrea Schmid Second: Bev Bruce PASSED

III. 1991 PAN AM GAMES QUAL. PROCEDURES. Recommendation that the proposed 1991 Pan American Games, with the changes mandated by the USOC, be accepted. Motion: Wendy Hilliard Second: Candace Feinberg PASSED

IV. 1990 SPORT FESTIVAL Recommendation thatthe rhythnic program budget will underwrite the cost of sending two additional Junior National Team members to the 1990 Sport Festival under the conditions outlined by the USOc. Motion: Bev Bruce Second: Andrea Schmid PASSED

V. ALEXANDRA FELDMAN'S INJURY PETITION Recommendation that, because of injury that will keep her from competing in the 1990 National Championships, Alexandra Feldman be allowed to enter the 1991 re-ranking competition as an unranked athlete.

TECHNIQUE April - June, 1990

Motion: Bev Bruce Second: Andrea Schmid PASSED

VI. RHYTHMIC WORLD CUP A lengthy discussion was held concerning the very great problems faced by RPC because one of the required W orId Cu p qualifying even ts is being held a tthe same time as the National Championships. Recommendation that a full and concentrated effort be put towards qualifying a U.S. athlete to the Rhythmic World Cup. Motion: Candace Feinberg Second: Andrea Schmid PASSED

Recommendation that Diane Simpson and Jenifer Lovell be invited to represent the U.S. at the three rhythmic World Cup Qualifying events: Moscow News, Corbeil, and Brother Cup. If the athletes accept and attend all three events they will automatically qualify to the Goodwill Games and the results of Day One of the Sports Festival competition will be doubled to compensate for the missed National Championship score. Motion: Bev Bruce Second: Alla Svirsky PASSED

Nora Hitzel reported that because of this very unique si tua tion, the Team 1992 and USOC monies will be distributed proportionately to Diane, Jenifer, and the athlete who wins the 1990 National Championships. VII. 1991 NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS Recommendations that the date for the 1991 Championships be held May 3-5, 1991. Motion: Andrea Schmid Second: Norma Zabka PASSED

VIII. 1992 RE-RANKING COMPETITION Recommendation that this event become an annual event named the "Rhythmic Challenge", to be held in late January or early February of each year. Motion: Alla Svirsky Second: Candice Feinberg PASSED

IX.FOUR CONTINENTS TRAINING CAMP Recommendation that a Four Continents training camp be held at Colorado Springs from August 17 August 22, 1990. Motion: Candace Feinberg Second: Andrea Schmid PASSED

VIII. INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS Thiais Competition (March 5-12) Athletes: Lily Chiang - CH Caroline Hunt - CH Naomi Hewitt-Couturier - JR Bianca Sapetto - JR Coaches: Irina Vdovets Wendy Hilliard 'Judge: Maureen Broderick Women's Day Czechoslavakia (March 12-19) Athletes: Ingrid Knight Charlene Edwards Coach: Magda Liss 'Judge: Helena Greathouse Louvain-La-Neuve Competition (March 19-26) Jenifer Lovell - SR Athletes: Diane Simpson - SR Franca Abbatiello - JR Coach: Jolie Barretta 'Judge: Norma Zabka Portimao Competition (April 2-9) Athletes: Tracey Lepore Jennifer Leach Jennifer Haase Coach: Marina Davidovich 'Judge: Joyce Bloom

Venissieux Competition (April 16-23) Athletes: Alicia Albe - CH Christy Neuman-CH Polina Friedland - JR Beth Ogden - JR Coach: Alia Svirsky 'Judge: Ellen Nyemcsik Moscow News (World Cup Qualification) Apr 31-May 7 Athletes: Diane Simpson Jenifer Lovell Coach: TBD 'Judge: Hana Christie Corbeil (World Cup Qualification) (May 9-14) Athletes: Diane Simpson Jenifer Lovell Naomi Hewitt-Couturier Coach: Irina Vdovets 'Judge: Hana Christie Brother Cup (World Cup Qualification May 21-28) Athletes: Diane Simpson Jenifer Lovell 'Coach/Judge: Helena Greathouse FIGTech Andrea Schmid

'Judges assignments made by Judges Selection committee February 3, 1990 Meeting Adjourned 1:30 AM Next Meeting will be at National Championships Signed (Mike Jacki), March, 1990

Rhythmic J.O. Program Comm. Indianapolis, Indiana January 5-6, 1990 Roll Call Region I Region II Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII Region VIII Elite Coaches Rhythmic Program Admin.

Alia Svirsky Jan Williamson Jackie Scherrer Debbie Grainger Gwen Hilliard Maureen Broderick Cathy Harrelson Marina Davidovich Bev Bruce Zina Mironov Nora Hitzel

Meeting called to order at 7:00 pm, Friday Jan . 5, 1990 REGIONAL CHAIRMAN RESIGNATIONS Nora Hitzel read letters from Carol Bormann (Region III) and Barbara Hudon (Region VI) resigning as Regional Chairman. The Junior Olympic Program Committee unanimously voiced a thank you from the entire U.s. rhythmic community to Carol and Barbara for the leadership efforts and the time they have given over the years because of their love for the sport. Jackie Scherrer (Region III) and Maureen Broderick (Region IV) were appointed to fulfill the terms of office. OLD BUSINESS I. BUDGET

Hitzel distributed and discussed the 1989 USGF Rhythmic Gymnastics program budget. II. REGION ISSUES Hitzel described the status of the Rhythmic Club Directory and requested that all Regional Chairmen Submit the required information as soon as possible.

The appropriate procedures for maintaining and using the USGF Regional Accounts were discussed. The upcoming 1990 JO competition season was discussed and Regional Chairmen were requested to closely monitor all State and Region Competitions to insure that the Rules and Policies were being folllowed. Regional Chairmen were requested to maintain accurate records of all State and Regional Competition expenses so that when entry fees are reviewed in June, appropriate data is available. III. 1990 SUMMER DEVELOPMENT CAMPS Recommendation that the report from the JO Camp Ad Hoc Committee be accepted and that the selection process for camp qualification be the same as it has been in the past two years. Moved: Gwen Hilliard Second: Jackie Scherrer PASSED

Recommendation that in order to be invited to the camps, an athlete must be 10 years old in 1990. Moved: Bev Bruce Second: Jan Williamson PASSED

Hitzel described the efforts made by the city of Arcata to invite the USGF to hold the summer development camps in their city. Because of the excellent facilities, this offer has been accepted. Details regarding exact dates and cost to athletes will be worked out in February after a site visit. Staff positions will be filled by coaches who apply through the process identified in the Jan/Feb issue of Technique. STATES GAMES Hitzel distributed information regarding the dates and sites of the State Games and asked that each Regional Chairman pass this information on to State Chairmen. NEW BUSINESS I. MEMBERSHIP PROGRAMS Hitzel described a proposed Athlete Membership Fee change for the Rhythmic Class IV athlete that is being discussed by the USGF Membership Department. II. SAFETY CERTIFICATION Hitzel described the USGF Safety Certification Requirement for National Team Coaches and National level judges. A USGF Safety Certifica tion course will be offered at the National Championships. III. USGF RHYTHMIC PROGRAM OPERATIONGCODE The Junior Olympic Program Committee aspect of the Operationg Code was reviewed and discussed at length. A number of proposals and suggestions were made which will be incorporated into the document. When completed the Operating Code will be published as a separate document and distributed to all Rhythmic Professional Members. The goal is for the election process for new committee members to be held in the late Spring of 1990. committee Next meeting will be held June 22-23 in Indianapolis. Agenda items will include: 1990-91 Rules and Policies New Class I level Skill testing program

Signed: (Mike Jacki), March, 1990

April - June, 1990 TECHNIQUE

USGF Summer 1990 Coaches' Educational Workshops During the summer of 1990, the USGF Department of Educational Services plans to host a series of workshops designed primairly for the class level instructor The objective of this series is to provide traianing in basic skills needed by the class instructor to better plan, organize and manage their teaching responsibilities. Besides basic sessions in class organaization, principles of effective communication and teaching, progression development, and spotting, the week-end workshopa will offer the instructor the opportunity to enhance their professional credentials through Safety Certification, Skill Evaluators Testing , and Meet Director's testing. This is a GREAT opportunity for your club class instructors to improve their skills!

FOUR DIFFERENTWORKSHOPS: June 15-17,1990 Location : USGF National Training Center and the National Institute for Fitness and Sport in Indianapolis, IN . Emphasis: Sessions designed for coaches of girl's programs. USGF Levels I-IV will be covered in detail with examp l e lesson plans, etc. The Level 5-7 compulsory routines will also be emphasized. Introduction to Sport Sciences will be conducted at N.I.F.S. Extras: Safety Certification, Skill Evaluators T est, Meet Director's Test, American Heart Association CPR certification , and "hand-ons" spotting classes. Housing: Special rates at local hotels. will be available. July 6-8, 1 990 Location : Camp Lake Owen, Cable, WI. Emphasis: Basic instructor's sessions for both boys and girls coaches at the recreational/instructional and "beginner team" levels. Introduction to the Sequential Gymnastics materials. Extras: Safety Certification, Skill Evaluators Test, Meet Director's Test, Basic First Aid and taping, "hand-ons" spotting classes , PLUS all of the recreational amenities offered at Camp Lake Owen. Housing & Meals: Camp Lake Owen Director, Tom Jones, will offer a very reasonable package for attendees! August ... 0-12, 1990 Location: USGF National Training Center and the National Institute for Fitness and Sport in Indianapolis, IN.

• Skill Evaluator's Test add-on costs are $9 for USGF profesional members and $15 for non professional members. • Meet Director's Test - add-on cost is$5for USGF members. ($10fornonmembers). • CPR Certification - add-on cost for this American Heart Association course is $20.00. • TRANSPORTATION, HOUSING AND MEALS-these are the responsibility of the attendee. The USGF will make recommendations . • Other Materials - other special materials such as the USGF Safety Manllill, USGF Safety Video, USGF Levell-IV Women's compulsory book, etc. that might be needed for the courses will be available for purchase at the workshops at a 10% discount from regular USGF Merchandise rates .

Emphasis: Sessions designed for the pre-school/developmental instructor and the elementary school teacher grades K-3 . Extras: Safety Certification, Dr. Gar O'Quinn's new Developmental Gymnastics curriculum , special sessions abd observation classes at N.I.F.S. , and introduction to the Sequential Gymnastics materials. Housing : Special rates will be available at local hotels. August 24-26, 1990 Location : United States Olympic Training Center, Colorado Springs, CO. Emphasis: Sessions designed for in structor's of boy's classes and beginner boys team groups. Extras: Safety Certification, staff includes Mr. Hideo Mizoguchi and other members of the Junior Boys National Coaching Staff, as well as guest instructors from the U.S.O.C. Observation of sessions of the USGF Boy's Training camp. Sessions on how to encourage and promote boy's gymnastics in your club. Housing & Meals: We are attempting to secure housing at the USOC. If space is not available, special rates will be secured at local hotels.

COSTS: Basic Fee for attending the workshops will be only $50.00! This will include all handout materials. Add-on Costs: The Basic Fee will be increased appropriately for individuals who option to participate in the various testing opportunities: • Safety Certification-ALL applicants will be elgible to obtain "audit" credit for the USGF Safety Certification course at NO ADDITIONAL FEE! However, if they desire to participate in the Safety Certification Examination in order to become fully Certified, they will need to pay an additional fee of $25.00. (This represents a considerable savings for individuals taking the Safety course) .

CERTIFICATES: All attendees will recieve a Certificate of Participation for their attendance at the Workshops . Any non-USGF Safety Certified instructors will receive a USGF Safety Course Audit Certificate. Participants who take the test and pass the full USGFSafety course requirements will receive the official diploma, a patch, a 3-ring Safety binder, and a 4 year subscription to the quarterly publication, USGF Safety Update. Certificates are also given for CPR training, Skill Evaluators Testing and Meet Directors Testing (Women's).

,-------------, Please send me more inform aI

tion on the USGF Summer Coaches' Workshops ... Name _______________________ Address ___________________ City _______________________ State Zip _ _ ___ __ Phone ( - l ______ _ USGF Pro- No. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Soc. Security No. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Org . Represented _________ Phone ( - l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ I request information on the following : _ June (Indianapolis) _ July (Lake Owen) _ Aug. (Indianapolis) _ Aug . (Colo. Spgs.)

Send Information request to: USGF, Attn: Steve Whitlock Pan American Plaza, Suite 300 201 S. Capitol Avenue ~ndianapolis ,~ ~225 _ _ _

L __

Non-Profit Organization U.S. Postage

PAID Permit No. 7867 Indianapolis, Ind.

SAFETY CERTIFICATION TESTING Everyone Needs To Be Safety Certified

Schedu.led Sessions

Sunday, March 18, 1990

Seattle, Washington 12:30-7:30, University of Washington, IMA Building - Meeting Room A Course Director: Alan Tilove 206-672-3338 Local Contact: Sandy Lindbeck 206-543-9499

1. Promotes a safer teaching / learning environment. 2. Reduces insurance premiums. 3. Identifies your commitment to your profession, your sport and your athletes. 4. Implementation of stricter safety practices will help reduce the chances of accidents and/or injuries. 5. Helps in membership recruitment.

Saturday, March 24, 1990 1. North Bayshore, Ne"W York 3:00 p.m .-9:00 p.m. Deerpark Gymnastics, 45 Garfield Ave. North Bayshore, NY 11706 Course Director: Paul Spadaro 718-761 -3311 Local Contact: Diane Bidermann 516-242-7145 2. Downers Grove, Illinois 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. Indian Boimdry YMCA, 711 59th Street Downers Grove, IL 60516, 708-968-8400 Course On-ector: Gerald Denk 708-564-3420

General Points of Information 1. The text book for the Certification Course is the USGF GYMNASTICS SAFETY MANUAL. This text / reference manual is to be purchased and studied prior to course participation. 2. The course will take approximately six hours, including the test. 3. Certification is good for four years. 4. The Course fee is $100.00. USGF members and second cycle recertification is $75.00. Retest cost is $25.00. For groups of at least 5, contact the USGF Department of Safety and Education (317)237-5050.

Saturday, April 28, J.990 Manhattan, Kansas 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. Ahearn Gymnasium, Room 205, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, 913-532-6272 Course Director: Russell Ward, 913-532-6272

Saturday, May 5, J.990 Dublin, Ohio 1:00p.In.-8:00 p.m. Universal Gymnasts Northwest, Inc., 6255 Old Avery Road Dublin, OH, 614-766-4500 CourseDirector: Bobbi Montanari 614-457-1 279 Send Registration Forms to: Universal Gyn'-nasts, Inc. 4555 Knightsbridge Blvd., Columbus, DH 43214

r-------------------------, Participation Registration Form Name: Mr. /Mrs./Ms. _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Soc. Sec. # _ _ _ _ _ __ _ Address:. ________________________________________________

Sunday, May 20, 1990 1. Raleigh, North Carolina 10:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. North Raleigh Gymnastics Center, 7222 Becky Circle, Raleigh, NC 27615 Course Director: Don Davis 919-790-9400. Course Contact: Jean Davis 919-790-9400. 2. Burbank, California 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p .m. Burbank Airport Hilton Hotel, 2500 Hollywood Way, Burbank, CA 91505. 818-843-6000. Course Director: Jeff Lulla 818-843-0700.

City:,______________________ State:, _ _ _ _ _ _ Zip,_ _ __ Telephone: (H), _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (B) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-I Course Director: ________________________- I

Course Location: Date:. _____--II Organization Represented:, __________________ _- I If USGF Member, List Type and Number________________________

Saturday, June 2, 1990 Northbrook, Illinois 2:00-8:00 p.m. Northbrook Gymna s tics Training Center, Inc. 1845 Raymond D r ive, Northbrook, IL 708-564-3420 Course Director: Gerald Denk 708-564-3420

Form of Payment: Name on Card: Expiration Date:

Saturday, June 16, 1990 Stroudsburg, Pennsy lvania 9:00 a.m.-4:30 p .m., International GyYTInastics Camp, Golden Slipper Rd. (RD #3 Box 3597) Stroudsburg, PA 18360. Course Director: Dr. Gerald George 318-988-1220 Local Contact: Bruno Klaus 717-424-3230

0 Mastercard Number: __________ Signature:. ______________- t

Check

Visa

Please make checks payable in full to USGF SAFETY CERTIFICATION Mail Registration Form and Payment to Respective Course Contact. DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE • FOR OFFICE USE ONLY

Sunday, July IS, J.990

Registration Form Received:__________________ -I Stonington, Connect icut 1:00-7:00 p.m. Stonington Community Center. Confirmation Mailed: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-1 Course Director: Joan Hicks 203-386-1340 L---_ __ ___ ____ _ _203-535-2476 _ _ _ _ _ _ _--'-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ..I.....Local Contact: Richard Ward

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