USHGA Ground Skimmer October 1975

75 CENTS

OCTOBER, 1975

GROunn ,HIIIIIIR mAGAIIRI

I MATE

RFORMANCE WITH:

Full control at a greater range of air speeds.

Directional stability.

Controlled lift distribution on wing surfaces.

HIGHER

R

RMANCE WITHO

Inherent Yaw Characteristics Penetration problems.

Truncated Tips (less control in rough air).

THE

N

ON

Of THE PHOENIX VI . .

. 19' . 14' 178 sq. ft.

leading Keel . .

'Sail Area (Plan Form) Aspect Ratio .

Span Billow per Side Wash Out . .

19 X 1 June'75

5 . . 30'

18 X 9 April '75

Batten Stabilized Inflated Tapered leading .,,,.,,,.,t.

18 X 14 March '75

Hang gliders of the future will verv probably be similar to the Phoenix VI, so why wait 'ti! then? Contact your nearest Delta Wing dealer or write for our free brochure.

PHOENIX IV January '75

Phoenix

.. .naximum wing area range for the sheer f~n of flying and ultimate performance.

Write To: 1

Saticoy

. Bern

J)

EDITOR: Rich Grigsby LAYOUT & DESIGN: Mark Allison EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Sharon Grigsby

OFFICE STAFF MANAGER: Carol Velderrain Chon Aranda, Susan Mann, Ronda Leggett

USHGA OFFICERS PRESIDENT: Vern Roundtree VICE PRESIDENT: John Lake

GROUnn ,HlfflffllR fflAGAZIRI:

SECRETARY: John Harris TREASURER: Lloyd Licher

ISSUE NO. 33

OCTOBER. 1975

USHGA REGIONAL DIRECTORS REGION 1: Vern Roundtree, Gil Dodgen.

REGION 2: l!ee Sterios, John Grace.

REGION 3: Lloyd Licher, Dan Poynter, John Lake, Chris Wills. REGION 4: Don Beuch.

REGION 5: Gary Osaba. REGION 6: Darryl Smith. REGION 7: Mike Ziaskas. REGION 8: Tom Peghiny, Dan Chapman. REGION 9: Vic Powell, Chuck Slusarczyk. REGION 10: John Harris. REGION 11 Dave Broyles.

DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE: REGION 1: Bill Johnson. REGION 3: Kaz Delisse. REGION 8: Al Mulazzi. REGION 9: Dennis Pagen.

REGION 10: Harry Robb. REGION 11: John White.

CONSUMER ADVISORY. GROUND SKIMMER and USHGA, Inc. do not endorse or take any responsibility for the products advertised or mentioned within these pages.

Please consult the HMA or pilots and dealers in your area.

GROUND SKIMMER is published for hang gliding sport enthusiasts to create further interest in the

CONTENTS 2.

ULTRALIGHT CONVERSATION

12.

INTERNATIONAL and WORLD CUP NEWS

14.

REPORT on USHGA DIRECTOR'S MEETING by Lloyd Licher, USHGA Treasurer

16.

PITCH STAB! LITY and CONTROL~PART I by Gary Valle

20.

U.S HANG GLIDING NATIONALS by Dick Barkley

30.

PACIFIC I QUICKARUS by Doug Fronius

32.

ACCIDENT SUMMARIES by R.V. Wills

34.

HANG RATING PROGRAM

39.

SPECIAL BALLOT (REGION 7)

44.

CALENDAR of EVENTS

44.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

sport, be a means of open communication and to

advance hang gliding methods and safety. Contributions are welcome. Anyone is invited to contribute articles, photos, and illustrations concerning hang gliding activities. If the material 1s to be returned, a stamped, sell-addressed return envelope must be enclosed. GROUND SKIMMER reserves the right to edit contributions where necessary. The Associations and publication do not assume responsibility for the material' or opin'.ons of contributors. The only form of

monetary payment 1s $5 for the photograph or illus· !ration that is used on the front cover.

GROUND SKIMMER is published monthly by the United States Hang Gliding Association, Inc. whose mailing address is P.O. Box 66306, Los Angeles, Calif.

90066 and whose offices are located at 11312Y2 Venice Blvd, Los Angeles, Calif. 90066; telephone (213) 390-3065. Second-class postage is paid at Los Angeles, Calif. GROUND SKIMMER is printed by Sinclair Printing & Lithe, Alhambra, Calif. Subscription is available only as part of membership in USHGA, a non-profit, member-controlled educational and scien-

tific organization dedicaled to exploring all facets of fuel-less, self-launched ultralight flight. Membership is open to anyone interested in this realm of flight. Dues are $10 per year ($11 for foreign addresses) of which $4 are designated for subscription to GROUND SKIMMER. Changes of address should be sent six weeks in advance, including name, USHGA membership number, previous and new address, and a mailing label from a recenl issue.

COVER PHOTO: Lee Keeler leans hard into the wind to launch his Seagull IV from Grandfather Mountain on the final day of competition. The photo was taken by W. A. Allen/AU NS.

N • Q<AE5TIO'-J & AN5WE:R5

FOR EACH lt-.J5TRUICTIOI\J

Dear Editor,

PERIOD.

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WITH

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This is NOT any kind of official Jetter.

I am a Park in Yellowstone Na· tional Park and a hang glider pilot.

You have an article in your August issue

by Vic Powell entitled "National Park Flying Clouded." I have a few words to say about trial article.

Mr. Powell says that hang gliding is environmentally pure. Be reasonable, how do you get to a park. You drive. Then you park.

Fly. Have a friend drive the car to the landing area and return. You may do this sev· eral times in a day. Then you drive home.

When you land you put your feet on the ground. If tt1ere happens to be a plant there, such as a blue lupine, it suffers. Yet Vic Powell says it nothing.

He went on that horses the road at Shenandoah cause traffic to stop, etc. implying that it's as bad as or worse than the traffic problem whicri would be caused by hang gliders. He doesn't tell about the time some Capitol Hang Glider Assoc. members set up their kites at a viewpoint along the Skyline Drive. If I remember car· rectly from what was said at the CHGA meeting I attEmded last spring, every single car stopped at Hie lookout to see what was going on. At that time of the year the Drive is almost deserted and there was still a traffic problem. Imagine what the problem would be in the middle of the summer. a few people would be gaining the benefit of the experience of flying from the hill, but what about the guy two miles down the road stuck behind a tour bus with its foul fumes and wondering why the hell traffic is held up.

Furthermore, the parks are already being overused, although we're trying to prevent it. Do the need the additional pres .. sure of hang gliding?

Well, I sympathize with Mr. Powell's feel .. ings to some extent. I do feel there is a place for hang gliding in National Parks. For instance, being a hang glider pilot, when I look at a mountain, hill or cliff, I KNOW how

big it is. I've flown something comparable. I know how that hawk is using Hie thermals off a hillside of black volcanic rocks. I can foel the lift a turkey vulture is getting from a cliff on a windy day. I know wt·1y a cloud is forming over a certain mountain because I've used that same air current that's going up there to make the cloud, to stay up a little longer. Aren't National Parks to help us gain a better appreciation of nature?

I think that any hang gliding in a National Park must be controlled, however to minimize~ its impact on the environment ancJ to prevent it from interferring with other peoples' enjoyment of a park. Certain re·· strictions must be considered. They might be such things as limiting the number of flyers allowed to launch from a given point 1n a the same way the number of horse or hiking am restricted to prevent overuse. Possibly only pilots with approp· riate hang ratings should be allowed to fly at a given site. I firmly believe that when the flying site is visible from a road or developed area, that flying should only be allowed during early morning and late eviming to avoid congestion and ::iccicJents.

There should probably be some criteria for closing a site when the winds are un .. the same way the Park Service might close a road or trail to cross-country skiing when the avalanche danger is high. . Possibly if these thoughts and sugges· t1ons are to the right people, the present policy regarding hang gliding might be changed. And don't think that all the officials in the Service are against hang gliding. I know of at least two men in rather high offices in this organization who are in favor of allowing hang gliding in National Parks.

One more thing. The article shows a bird probably a crow, imitating Smokey the Bea~ saying "Only you can prevent unjust lation etc." Please, Smokey the Bear is a Forest Service character. There is a big difference between the two you know.

Bill Foreman Park Ranger East Entrance Station Wapiti, WY 82450 (continued on page 4)

1975

UIJRALIGHT their schools with the aforemenThe exuberent clouded our better

Dear Editor, The response from members and advor· tisers to the ariicle in the 1975 issue of Ground Skimmer was Publication of the Flatland tinue until 1976. in this issue.

Al

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Editor-Publisher Flatland Maryland MO

Dear

Dear

I have just finished the "lnstruc .. tors Forum" on pages 20 and 21 of Ground Skimmer for ,July i 975. I am very to of information made available see this to the flying when one of understands the and the for writing the arti .. cles. I am familiar with both schools: and as a USHGA Examiner I have observed the classes and schools before USHGA Instructor cards and their curriculums. programs doubtedly the best Hang available in Northern California.

What I don't understand, however, is tr1e "thinking" of Ground Skimmer. Here are and three articles concerned about the student ...

Ground Skimmer of of a helmet or other launched with no gear. This is an I realize the Ground Skimmer is put in Los where the attitude about helmets is very poor: but here in Northern California the article draws validity) helmets of have ben a standard since the Our is that if we our students won't fly without wear them. This thes(~ two sct10ols, which enough to share their first In an We are common tho rs that you solicit, as well as If you mied a of somc'lont~ with helmet on, lcit us know; that is all we have.

Lee Wilson California

can better cance of some of the theoretical It also to deomonstrate the care which must be taken when test data to actual In your letter you mentioned that the pitching mo.. .007, the kite pulls out im· article shows that before the vertical dive. This may 1000' AGL but

uu,uu,,i;;;::, to Banana of Dif.. ton Beach School and to Lee Sterios of Chandelle San Francisco, for (continue<J on page 6)

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ULTRALIGHT CONVERSATION /cont.)

Foreword

Ch11ptc1tr One • They led the History of the theory of gliding, from mythological times to the present Chapter Two • Their Adventures: Brief biography of Hoaa:110: al outstanding rec:orcj-settina ternational hang gliding development of hang gliders

Ch,11pt1&r Three. Wind In the Salls: of lift, explanation of various of wind, roll

The forward movement of the effective a.c. at low becomes very apparent when to a c .g. position of .59 data is keel length. graph) Although the in Cm due to smaller billow can not be computed by simply subtracting the differenc(1s in induced moment at zero lift, one is still startled at the remarkable resemblance l)etween the curve and the curve described by Glen "a Brown May which hypothetical but situation in which , , , case a new stable trim point exists in a dive." (The curve need only be translated down which may happen with a lower sail drag co1~ffi<~ie1,t.)

pitch yaw thoroughly illustrated Chao·ter Four • Salls and Wires: Describes types of available delta-wing basic assembly of a kit

Ch,apt,er Five

From the Flea to

or the

C 111, CU

nate the possibility of a stable trim point at low CL, Also in to tail effectiveness calculations: The chord at the keel is used in these calculations (not mean aerodynamic because of the chord as you in the definition of moconvention ment coefficient for Rogallo wings. This is related to the fact that a.c. is given as % keel length. *The data from Hewitt Phillips' article suimeists that if a kite does somehow enter into a dive and does not respond to rearward weight shift, it may be necessary to move the c. g. forward until the kite leaves the unstable ofa:. This is due to the negative value ata•O The moral of the story is that Rogallos will not recover from all situations or at least, it is difficultto behavior. Fly with respect.

Lonnie Kroo Stanford, California

Man~

Initiation:

clothing, how to transport and assemble your kite, what to look for in practice pre-flight how to take and land

Ch1n>t1!tr Six

fl' KELI,

Dear Editor,

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On 1:x1p10,1ts 1(/

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Ch,11pt1er Seven Name of the

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Regulations and laws governing hang gliding internationally, by country; associations, magazines, etc.

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I am very that the USHGA put into motion the Hang Rating Program.

However, they should make sure that the program is followed and strictly enforced.

Otherwise its value to the pilots is meaningless. Also, I think that too much emphasis on high performance glidhas been ers, rather than the education of the intermediate Why don't you print an arti· cle in GROUND SKIMMER each month on """'J"'L"u' intermediate flying, e.g., the

[(feet oJ /1nri1ontal :;/lilt in contor,,of~qmvily pos11ion on 1110 static ct 1.1ctraw111u. Vort1cal contor~ kuel n.nci noqalive

In to my calculations of sailfeather effectiveness: The calculated change in Cm produced by the sail-feather was .004 (actually lower since tail e:,ftirie:,1nr\l is less than 100%). This will, most certainly help a kite pull out of a dive but as with most solutions, it too has its limits. Phillips states, "it is quite that the nose down angular velocity following a whip stall would carry the glider . into the region of nose down pitching moments about -16° angle of attack." It seems likely that the sail-feather's efficiency would be extremely small in the wake of the wing (();'<0) but if it were 100%, with the pilot ing out the pitching moment would still be ""'-.027. HowElver, it is that a small increment in pitching moment would elimi-

Bill Ward In the December issue, GS will initiate a series of articles on intermediate flying skills.

Ed.

Dear Editor, This is a bit of old news but I still would like to inform you that I, Yoshiki Oka #12428 and my friend, Junji Saeki succeeded in flying from the top of Mt. Fuji the highest mountain in Japan, down to a field (950mASL), gliding 12km in 28 minutes on the 25th of July, 1975. This is the altitude and the distance record in I thank you and all the staff for your efforts and beautiful work in publishing the GS. Yoshiki Oka

Dan Poyntcr's HANG GU VINO lrns 200 fact fi !led pa.gos and ;350 outsta.miing photographs and drawinfs"S on foot launched [lying. l~ndorsed by every major dealer and school, over G0,000 have been sold and now it1, been completely revised. Available in lrnrcl cover or soft, this HOW--'l'O, WlfJ,Ji'U•J--'l'O encyclopedia, ls truly "the basic lmndbook of skysurfinr.i;''.

Covers basic to advanced flying, design, materials, construotion, history, tile lu,w and lists every major kite and glider 011 tlw mn.rlwt with its description, photo, performance specifications and source. The book,m1d its list of over :JOO manufactures, dealers, clubs and schools,i8 updn.ted at (mch printing 1md been t.lu·u11g·ll the press six times! Whether you're building, designing, flying, slwpping or just Joo king into tile fastest growing sport, Ulis first a.nci only complete reference book on the subject is a must.

its

SOFT COVEJt: $5.% postpaid (Califomians add :Joq, sales tax) HAHD COV1,;H: $fl.fl,> postpaid (Californians a.dd cmq, irnles tax)

J{l'J'l NG is a new book with 1.00 pages n,nd lGO i I lust.rations on tow la.11ncl10d lrnng gliding. H was written rrnpeci ally for the fla,t.lancl flyer mid those who find their hills covered with trees. I<JTJNG covors tow launched nltralight flight in depth: launching in shallow water, donp water, jump starts and dock starts. Step by step instructions carefn!Jy guide the novice through taxi practice, towod night and rolei,se to freo flight. Tile history ,md lei{al chapters aro somo or the most int.oresting while the book goes into« great dotail in the design and construction of towed gliders as well as the required towinf}; equipment. L.ike HANG GLllJINCl, KIT/ NG is not ju8t. a I.rain tng manual but an encyclopedia of reference matoriaJ. ,JUST: $3.flf) postpaid ( Californians add IH¢ 8alos tax)

SATISFACTION GUAHAN'l'l•!ED. See your nearest dealer or send toda;y to: Dan l'oynter, Box 4232-G, Santa Barlmra., CA H:310:l

the sun Ill

incorporates tho unique dHsign

foature of 0 11011·

symmetrical hyperbolically cut trailing edg('l,

unlike short keel winqs radically cut the keel off to increase aspcict ratio w,d reduce drat), the sun 111 maintains a reasonably long keel (19' x 20' wings) for stability, but through the deep scnllop reduces cl rag considerably and incr<:lases the aspe<:t rntlo (4, 13 as opposed to 2 .75 for mo.st standard what th ls all rnean.s to you i,

I INTERNATIONAL NEWS BY DAN POYNTER

FIRST WORLD HANG GLIDING CHAMPIONSHIPS The first World Championships has been scheduled for r,.u::;::;1::11, Austria in 1976 by the International Gliding Commission of the Federation Internationale.

During mid I visited site of the First World Meet scheduled for of i 976. I am to report that the facilities are and that the are pre,pa1r1ng for the The Tirol is warm, slightly humid and very green this time of year, quite a ple,as,ant contrast to last March when the First Alpine Championships wi.3re held. The town itself is a buildings are gaily decorateid, window boxes are overflowing with colorful flowers and the restaurants are outdoors. The mountain features a 600 meter vertical differential with a swift chair lift and there are restaurants at both the bottom and the top. The landing area is quite and land line communications connects all points. The sport of hang gliding and last Championships have transformed this little ski village into the hang gliding capital of the worlcl.

For complete details, write: WOK, Klobensteinstrasse. The Second World Meet will be in South Africa in 1977.

MIKE HARKER'S WORLD CUP 76 Mike Harker's World Cup competition tour of four Eur·op,ean countries has been re-scheduled for the Autumn of 76 and will follow the World Meet in Kossen.

The line between Ill and IV have been redrawn to better proportion the flying Ill now consists of Northern California, Nevada and Hawaii while Southern California from L.A. south is now IV. Ill Chairman is Lee Wilson (1647 East 14th CA 94606). Region I will hold a qualifying meet at Grandfather Mountain following tt1e U.S. National Championships in I of the Mississippi) is chaired by Don McCabe, P.O. Box 898, North Conway, NH 03860.

II Mississippi) will be run by Mike Larson, 775 Merry Lane, Boulder, CO 80302 and Region IV Bob Dart, 25·1 a Mathews Redondo CA 90278. All meets for this tour should be completed by For an attractive brochure with l'l"l!TlnlAtA details, write: 246 North Fries, Wilmington, CA 90744 or call him at: 549-3550. Canadians should contact John Farnan at P.O. Box 574, Dundas, Ontario (416) 627-0672.

WORLD CUP COMMITTEE

The 6th Mountain in Maine, site of the final events for this cup qualifications. Present were Paul Laliberte, Chuck LaVersa, Ed and Don McCabe.

Based upon our own feeling and those of the pilots at the finals it was voted to: 1) the same scoring values for this meet as for the previous meets.

2) Permit any to drop one event to one whole meet) in any meet of the seric,s, including the finals. This woulcJ competitor who had missed meet to in the running during the final meet, while not pe1na1121r1g the dedicated who had gone to all meets and who might fly poorly at the finals, in one event.

3) As it became clear that there would not be any events at sw1::ir11nar due to unfavorable wind,it was voted to hold the final meet of the series at a time and to be announced next year. All scores accumulated to date will be kept and used as a basis for when the final meet is scheduled next year.

To date, five meets have been scheduled, promoted and offered.

The wind has caused the cancellation of two full meets and one half of another meet. So it goes in the East. Of ten scheduled meet (two flights are ,..,uu11c,u events, only four have been an The I committee put some hard work into these meets, not to mention the planning and of the individual meet directors and host areas. We all feel strongly that the accumulated scores an honest effort to do the job at hand: pick the top in the East We all that these scores will not be set aside or dropped in the time span between now and next cup competitions. The and meet both have clone their best to support the World idea. We look forward to a final meet next summer to the work for the reqion.

REGION I WORLD CUP COMMITTEE CURRENT STANDINGS ( unofficial)

Position Name 1

3 4 6 8 9

THE 1975 AIR NEW ZEALAND HANG GLIDING SAFARI The 1975 Air Zealand Gliding Safari is scheduled from 30 November through 13 December. The DC-10 aircraft will bei de·· parting from Los and flying via Hawaii tor the two week flying adventure "Down Under". Other points are also forming. New Zealand has some of the most incredible flying sites in the world; this flying safari is sure to be one that is long remembered. and information can be obtained by writing: lnterport Limited, 16771 Pacific Coast way, Sunset CA. 90742, Attn: Chuck Joy.

12

REGION I BY DON McCABE

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20

Peghiny Flewelling McCabe Smith, Sears Rosswaag Winsor Nocito Heath Copertino Sweeney Coan

Kaknes Swanson Young LaVersa Cordier Reimer

Mittersm Grandfatoor

1294 825 869 580 746 652 340 756 1207 834 886 238 784 589

743 1183 985 938 1238 736 820 946 1060 849 0 889 0 759 475 438

Stowe

Stowe

Total

1303 '1272 1'116 1269 1254 1187 1142 1116 1274 1078 1216 1192 1131 869 ·1011 1126 1065

1114 968 1003 1119 1348 962 888 1056 1003 638 849 888 827 714 '1152 1056

4454 4248 3973 3906 3840 3631 3502 3458 3337 3321 3272 2969 2792 2469 2401 2162 1824 1755 1584 1382

496 995 944

1975

The new, national Board of USHGA Di· rectors held its first in Denver, Col· orado, on the weekend of 27·28, 1975, in facilities graciously pro· vided at no

by Rocky Mountain Marine, Gurney Munn, Mgr. In attendance were 13 of the 23 Directors (two other Di· rector positions were vacant), the USHGA Office Manager, Editor of GROUND SKIMMER, and a number of members and visitors. Minutes of the meeting have been sent to all Directors published and and U. S. hang gliding clubs, schools and manufacturers. Members may obtain a copy upon by sending a self· envelope to USHGA. A summary of the discussed and actions taken is given here for the information of all members.

REPORTS Written were submitted by the Office President (and acting Manager and Editor. Points of interest from the included the following: membership out at just over 10,000 late in 1974 but has drifted down to a 5,300 for the few months as the last of the old members chose not to renew at the $10/year dues rate. As of June 30th, assets totalled $28,400 and liabilities (mostly unearned dues) giving a net worth of For the first half of 1975 was realized on a cash USHGA has become the of hang gliding in the U. S. by an affiliate of the U.S. national aero club (FAI tive), the National Aeronautic as a prelude to an NAA Division.

USHGA has four employees at its national office in Los and contracts out the editorial, art and layout work for GROUND SKIMMER. The Hang Rating Program is in full swing with 68 Ex· amine rs, 168 Observers and 139 Instructors in the field. issued numbered 85 Hang-1, 119 204 Hang·3, and 244 Ten of the approximately 45 hang gliding had become ters of USHGA. Their total membership was 478. The production schedule for GROUND SKIMMER is to be caught up by January, 1 by having our 14

former Editor glider directory calendar in the,

issue.

rescind the that prohibited mention in GROUND SKIMMER of ultralight machines.

DIRECTOR VACANCIES

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES An item was a discussion aimed at coming to a common understanding as to what the and activities of USHGA should be. Each Director was asked to state what he U1ought on the matter. There was that should be our primary concern, not only reducing the fatality rate but to minimize injuries, a.Isa. Other areas included educa· ranking high in tion, really trying to reach the and pilots who lack the knowledge to be flying developing the rarfl and an instructional program; velop flying ing and and no! condoning "bad" flying; public relations work; all members, newcomers; and acting to keep fliers flying and whatever is necessary to the future and of hang gliding.

REVIEW OF POLICIES and actions A summary list of adopted by the previous Directors in the preceding 18 months was reviewed and reaffirmed for one. It was voted to

Nominations for the Regional Director vacancy in 7 (North-Central), caused by the unfortunate death of Fred were made and it was decided to have tt1e members in that region make the to the printed in selection from a GROUND Regional Direc· tor vacancy in 12 (foreign) was filled by a motion to eliminate that region and elect Harry Robb of Clearwater, Florida, as the 25th Director. The position of Honorary Director was also for a non·-voting one-year term, and Hugh Morton of Grandfather Mountion, was the first one. * The ballot appears on pg. 38 COMMITTEE STRUCTURE

A was reviewed and alterations. Chairmen each of the committees were printed in the issue of GROUND SKIMMER. USHGA Regional Directors from across the country met in Denver to discuss the important issues facing the hang glider community, and to establish a strong

International was and said of their pilot insurance was available 1,a,,,"''~" but the dues have . It was re-had to be raised to$"! that GSI has 7,000 membms in the U. In the end, it was voted to have PD insurance for USHGA seek PL

NATIONAL PARKS Directors were unanimous in should write the National Park

ALUMINUM COMPANY POLICIES

because believe it exposes them to, it was cided to have USHGA write letters of concerned inquiry to the of the HANG AWARD CHANGE

INSURANCE FOR PILOTS

the recommendation of John who had the the Lilienthal pin achievement flying th,, the Gold award mile) flight to 20-km. (1 mile) out-and-return ELECTION

OFFICERS

A slate of officers to for tt1e balance of 1975 and all of 1976 was

President Vern Roundtree Vice-President John Lake John Harris Treasurer Licher COMMITTEE with the power An Executive of the Board of Directors, was to serve, until the next Directors' of Vern Roundtree, Osaba.

NEXT MEETING The datc0s and location for the next Directors' were set 1 8; 76 in Texas. It was decided to hold the Annual General of the Association at the site of the 1976 National

II

I mathematician and glider has pre· a article entitled, "Pitch Stability and Control" written to enlighten flyers of common principles so oftfm talked about but seldom clearly understood.

Parts 2 and 3 will be printed in the December and January issues, Ed.

Glen Brown in his informative 1974 paper "New Trends and Developments in Hangliders" concludes by "It is one of the ch1111enc:ii~s to the of hang gliding that the problem of stability be understood and properly dealt with."

Apparently this statement is as accurate and timely in late 1975 as it was in 1974. Reading a recent issue of an Eastern hangliding newsletter, I was dumfounded by a story about an individual who had purchased a new "short-keel" glider from a major hanglider manufacturer to find on the first day of flying the glider had a mind of its own. The glider, in addition to being nose-heavy was impossible to control in pitch. At the end of the day, the pilot After the considered himself lucky to be in one situation, a lack of reflex was deemed the problem and sure enough with the addition of reflex, the original control problem was eliminated. Continuing to "fine tune" his glider, the pilot de· scribes how he tightened his tip delfexers in such a way that he "sc1ueezE1d out" every bit of performance attainable, with "just adequate" stability "to be safe."

Are you impressed with this pilot's obvious understanding of pitch stability and proper tuning skills? I hope not, and I also the pilot flying the ship describecl here has realizecl that his machine is tuned in a potentially hazardous manner! A hanglider (and airplanes in general) can appear and in fact be stable at a particular become unstable above some critical This means that the glider we have been discussing if pitched down into a dive (not necessarily steep) would be slow to recoverormight not recover period. It is important to know how and why this, and other illusions of stability, can occur, as well as attain a better understanding of what's going on with that Dacron and aluminum above our heads.

Longitudinal (pitch) stability and control is not a simple subject, difficult by unnecessarily but it need not be made complex and "technical" descriptions. In this article we are going to discuss pitch stability ancl control i.e. "talk" about the concepts in manner meaningful to hanglider pilots. The article will be in three the first will discuss some of the more important pnv's1ca1 features of hangliders; the forces on a hanglider in flight; how these forces can interact to produce "trimmed" flight; and how weight shift (pitch) control works. It will provide the background necessary to meaningfully discuss, in Part II, the concept of stability and what pitch stability is in a hanglider, and how, in Part Ill,

16

stability is effected by divin9 and stalling extremes. Some information in Part I will not be directly related to pitch stability or control, but is included none-the·less because of its close relation to discussed and its importance in han9lider flight How many times have you heard it? . You know , .. "A hanglider an airplane ifs different; you can't think of it

GEOMETRIC FEATURES

b

FIG.1

DIHEDRAL

1975

with it looks f\attc~r

lino

Sf<IMMF:Jl

is the leading sweep if the sail were laid out flat on the floor. For a glider with 50° and 44° would have a 6°difference in apex angles and woulc1 have 3° of billow.

A, deg

The planform of a wing ·1s the e.g.

Quicksilver has a wing with a rec:tar1m1lar· pli':mforrn, and a standard of pilots who has a "delta' planform. Such is tt1e fly <:1irn,l<:1n,::><::: In addition to some basic features of liders and the terms normally used to describe them, an under!'ltR1nc11nn of the fundamental forces on a hanglider in flight is an essential of insigr1t into the control and stability characteristics of the Rogallo. ::;tr1pp,1ng the down to what's in straight and level flight there are two forces that act on a ... one that results from gravity, which by the results and insists on pulling the glider/pilot and earth tog1eu1er; and a second force, in nature, that results from the motion of an not so appropriately) de· vehicle through the fluid "air" and the aforementioned bond. This force is aptly described as the "::11c.rnrtv11::irnir. resultant," R. 6) In much the same way as the total weight of the hanglider/pilot can be considered as if it were so can the "concentrated" at one point the center of res,ultant aeroclynamlic torc:e be considered to act a point, of attack, the the center 7) location of the c. p. remains esimnt1a11v

on maximum l/D

Fl G. 5 Effect of for various billow

TN D-1957)

the sweep of the chord line."

1) conventional aerodynamic characteristics are than the leadmore closely related lo this sweep ing sweep is the wing chord at a particular

position. A

·-······,.··,.-··chord on a wing is a (straight) line joining the and the trailing parallel to the keel or "root chord." In a single surfaced airfoil, such as a Rogallo, the camber of a particular wing section is the height of the sail above the chord line.(Fig. 1) the taper ratio i.e. the ratio of the tip chord to the root chord. Standard Rogallos have a taper ratio of zero.

A typical truncated tip glider has a taper ratio of about '"---·---,.- .the physical dihedral angle. Physical dihedral should not be confused with total effective dihedral due primarily to wing sweep an(1 physical dihedral. Standard Rogallos have values of effective dihedral even especially at of with no physical dihedral attack near stall.

a,dtf'()

FIG. 7 location of t.he center of pressure as percentage of the mean chord, as function of angle (p. 25 of NASA TN D-2922)

Ae,roc!Vnarr'.11c11,ts, for convenience, have broken (resolved) the to resultant into two como,onients, , and another the direction of flight and nrn1osinn it called (and called lift. Note that lift perpendicular to the flight to the ground, but rather has no particular direction with are then just a convenient way of only to the flight path. Lift and working with and the resultant.

Remember Newton?

R "AERODYNAMIC RESULTANT"

e.g.

w 6. FORCES ACTING UPON A GLIDER

18

FIG. 8. EQUILIBRIUM

1975

r<">r·1111rAm,rml

must

"line of action," must or it will rotate

air and the area of the remain constant, but variation of their values would have a similar effect. With thf:, back· we may now make several observations U1e k,ngitudinal flight characteristics of h::innlirl,'lrs

w

w

1 - - - - - - - - PITCH CONTROL BY WEIGHT Si,,i11i::1· - - - - · - -

W>fl

FIG. 10 ACTION

The two conditions must also be satisfied lider in trimmed, unaccelerated since it too in equilibrium.

6) to the total of the "line of action" of the resultant force must pass the of of the combination. should not be confused with The location of the ccmter of the "heartbolt" location on the keel. The actual located well below the keel shown in The definition of another irn,v,,·t;:;,1•11 ex1pe(rne the discusde,,elopment of t·1anql1der the deconcept more am:i1anmrnv or tor that matter, how to fly an ;:;,rnnlAmL (::iE1nera11y h::i,nnlidHrs 1,~irr,1,,,nn•,l stall at a certain attain LID max at certain Aof A tt10 of attack of the wing is d<~fined the between the keel and the "relative wind" Umt "wind" that results from tr1e motion of the through the~ air Tl1e and orientation (tilt) of the resultant can be affected several factors. Of r;ct1· uc;1J1c11

1) 3) 4)

of attacl< of the through the air of the air

Within certain limits and other if tl1e of attack is increased, the of the resultant is increased; if thEl c,ir•::m~>Ati is increased the of the msultant is increased.

DecrE,as:es in these parametfJrs will result in co1·rei,ocma11ng de· crnascis in the of the resultant. Normally the of ffie

GROUND SKIMMEfi

w

Consider pilot that shifts his as shown in 10.

ACTION

2)

w

forward of

trimmed pm;1t1C>n

1) Trimmed flight W Fl, line of action of F{ passes 2) Pilot shifts forward, W still is not satisfied, so

R but

3) Glider rotates about e.g. to lower R so W>R and accelerates.

Number of attack, thus

4) With an increase in velocity Fl is to W and both conditions are once satisfied. As we will find in later discussions, if this new condition is considered a dive and the is stable, a pilot control force will be to the this new of attack.

This is how pitch control is achieved

shift of the center of

discussed some features of liders, the forces that act on a in flight, the rec1uirem1ents for trimmed flight, and the essentials of pitch control by shift, we have the background necessary to describe the concept of stability and to longitudinal stability of This will be the of part II of this article. End of Part I Bibliograpr1y Part I Frank M: "Effects of Ratio amJ Low-·:::ip13ec narnr1,,n,:>m1r Characteristics of 50.0° " NASA TN 0·2922, 1965

on

2) Nalseth, Land Gainer, Thomas G: "Low ation of the effects of Wing on the Aerodymnaic Characteristics of having and Keel." NASA TN D-1957.

3) Burnell, J. A. and Nielsen, J. Flexible Wings at Low ::;p,eeas. r.r,m11,::i1•ic::rm with 4) Teichmann, Fredrich K., Funciamentals of Aircraft 1974 Hayden Brooks, New

5) 1944.

W. Stick and Rudcier, McGraw Hill, New York,

19

TOP: Dave Muehl off on the sewed Hie 1975 U.S. National ships his 'I 9xi 7 Photo by Allen/AUNS. RIGHT: /~s

SKIMMER

23

A

must now

LEFT: Brian Huston soars the mountain lace dur· his last fli(Jht in his Sun 11! with windows. decided that he had a better chance at havsorne fun than wirminq. Photo by WA UPPEFl f1IGHT· Weather moves in on Grand lather Mountain. Photo by Bettina Gray.

LOWEil RIGHT: One of the two Arrambide brothers puts his Cumulus amonq thfo Cumulus. Photo by WA All('m,,,~u1\lc,.

24

1975

GROUND SKIMMER

1975

UPPER National trophy for winning the

by Hugh Morton.

Rogallo.

MIDDLE 1 trophy for the Photo by WA Allen/AUNS LOWEF1: Photo by WA Allen/AUNS.

GROUND Sf<IMMEFl

The Pacific I Quickarus is unique hybrid; "The tiringino tooether ol Icarus and Quicksilver techniques".

Photo by Flus Stollino

INTRODUCTION The Pacific I is a new high ni::.,·rnrm rigid wing glider by the author and built John Lasko. It has completed initial testing in its basic form and was flown to 3rd in the rigid wing class at the Telluride Championships July 8-13

by John. The basic behind the were that it should offer competitive performance at the Icarus V level while being much simpler and less to build. I feel that these have been met, while at the same time there is room for even more improvement to the basic design.

DESIGN BACKGROUND The glider was first conceived in late summer/early fall of 1 during a conversation between John and myself over rigid that I wing gliders. It soon became had ideas in mind and some on paper, but no time to build (attending SDSU full-time, teaching, and building an Icarus II). At the same time ,John was interested in a rigid wing, but wanted something new and different, and it had to be I had been thinking about what could be done with the

30

I by

Fronius

basic Quicksilver airframe for quite some so off we went! Basic .. more than 10:1; rate of sink; were: 220 ft/min. minimum; handling, slightly better than weight; under 50 under 5 minutes; cost, An additional but was that a Quicksilver's structure (everything but the sail and wing ribs) could be con·· verted into a Pacific I with very few modifications.

LAVING DOWN THE DESIGN this the basic was pretty well set, and it looked for all the world like a Quicksilver. However, it would need a better airfoil for more lift and better streamlining for less Construction techniques down the weight would be different to without the strength, while at the fast to assemble.

More lift was by a modified Liebeck section from the Icarus V. We sac· rificed a thin trailing in order to put the rear spar at the trailing and eliminate

1975

GROUND SKIMMEF1

Date:

Equipmfmt: Injuries: Maneuver:

APC:

Date: Place: Flyer:

Maneuver:

General Mohammad Khatami, age Commanderoflhe Iranian Air Not reported. Presumably a Flogallo kite.

Fatal. Massive hliad and chest injuries. Died en route to an air Airborne on his second try behind boat The nylon rope "suddenly from its hook" Tho kite followed the boat "for minutes", then veered off into rocky mountainside because of "sudden change in wind cur.. rents" Not really known, from accounts. Gen. Khatami was a three .. yEJar vEJteran had introduced the sport to Iran. He had 6,000 hours of flying expc:;rience, including 1,500 in jets. He water,,skiied that A.M., then tried towing, got up only few feet on tt1EJ first try. Others in !hEl party triEJd to discourage him from towing that day, but "to no avail" excelled in Khatami was Iran's numerous sports. "He died as September 14, Minnis Ranch, 5 miles east of Milpitas, Calif.

Edward J. Wilson, age L 20' 1 standard Fatal. Broken neck and site.

Shortly after take,,off at 1,200', Ed began to sink in partial dive. He hit some turbulence, then went into a steeper dive, then, within a few seconds, "full,,luff" dive. in from 300·'400'.

He went Equipment defects. was Hang lcwel Something was ap .. llyc,r, with experience al st10rtly after his take-of!; he didn't follow normal The keel of kilo had been brokon by lriond and this was the first flight after repairs, which apparently left the keel Vi'' or more short1,r. This left the aft flying wires a little slack and the cable tensioner was not in the position. forward the factory Also, the control bar was found had position. All of this produced negative reflex.

apparently not flown !or sev!lral months beforn this flight, and this was certainly not the placc,i to test the repaired (and altered) kite.

Date: Place: Equipment: Injuries:

ManeuvEJr: APC:

August 3, 1975 Catamont Ski Center, Hillsdale, N.Y. Dan Chapman, age 28 Ill, seated Badly heel bones, requiring surriery. Wheel,, chair for many weeks. Future foot efficiency not yet known.

Attempt to parachute onto the bullseye, then sl1ort nose dive as Dan shifted forward for a little more distance.

Unfamiliarity with the response or a different kite. This was Dan's first flight with a borrowed Seagull Ill. When he tried to "mush" it forward a few feet from 15-20' over thH target, the Seagull responded quickly, dived in. Dan landed hard with both feet together, after the nose hit first.

Dan's comments are pertinent: "Just poor judgment ..

You can't be considered a 'safe pilot' by being sale 95% or the time. It's got to be 100%."

&Rf\ND Nf\ME HhNG GLIDING f\CCEI\ORIEI f\T DI\COUNT PRICE\

LIST PRI Of 'i'INE \tJI

CJ\rH<:Y ! Vl l<YTIIJNC

lllrl

-Iii!

(,l.lDl:R

/\ND

l'lUS Of~

ll1¢ CDlN c, ri\MI' l 0

... ··-·---.. .···--- For rnoru information and reservations, write or call The Delta Win~i Flight PO f3ox 483, Van Cali!omia 9140B. Phone Delta Win(J kile or afler the course} You will bcl only irorn and, ol crn11'.1c, thu tlest available. school

store.

GibCo Film Production. Address i to. 12814 North Calif. 91607. Tel: 3) 766-3489.

The film in 16 mm color 27 min., Purchase Rental per showing available in cassette.

to repreon customer. and to dealers offer instruction, and some (we don't mind), brands of equ so contact the nearest one about whatever you quality and need. Make sure to manufacturer of we think you'll like Sky and short-keeled the lark and Bobcat advanced Rogallo. los, Connecticut

ROCHlcSIER HANG GLIDERS

SOUTHERN

SCHOOL OF H.

llarry and Andy Kosch

Tom 74 E.

72 Whitney Avenue

CT 06460 (203)

878-9903, 255•4071

BRUCE VON KUMMER

68

North Carolina HlEEDOM SPOllTS JJ/r:rrc a11d Stene Seven Devils Rcsorl

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SKY

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FLIGHT

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LILTRALITE WINGS

-

Erl Howard 703 Mass.

15

Canada and Europe MINISPORT

New Hampshire

SKY

John Farnan INC.

Don Box fl98 No. (603)

1 0 Governor's Rond Dundas, Ontario L9H :lJ6 (416) 627-0672

In a continuing effort to our readers abreast of the program and its growth, we are publishing the names of all rated pilots. below is an list of and pilots. At press time the following number of 204; 333; been issued: , 1 331.

We have received a number of from various site controllers about pilots who do not exhibit pilot skill commensurate with their hang level. This kind of irresponsibility by pilots and their Observers not only undermines the whole program, but also lives. Integrity must be a primary in the selection of an Observer, that sc,me Examiners appear to have overlooked. If you see a pilot with rating he doesn't his authority, or know of an Observer that is contact the Examiner in your area. in mind, a can be revoked with an Observer's privileges. our program!

We are expanding this column to include site rating notices. We invite any club, or site controller to submit information their site. will 1 The Fort Funston Site, located in San a USHGA as of November 15, 1975. In all wishing to fly this site There will be cards in their no to this rule. either local or out-of-towner, who needs to obtain their rating may contact the Fellow Feathers % Chandelle San Francisco Pines now that you have a Pilots must also UFO club; dues are $10./yr. For further information, contact Dave President 2722 Murray Rd., San CA. 92123.

SKY

75 Pat Romero, CA.

Mikr: 7021 Stetten/Filder

76 Darrell Jameson, NM.

Bernhuuser Strasse 31

77 Jameson, NM. VA. 78 Jim 79 Les King, MD. 80 Ken Schautz, CA. 81 Neal Rolland, WI. 82 Ear1 WA. 83 ,James IA. 84 Ruby, KY. 85 Sherman, NY. 86 Scott Smith, CA. 87 Robert Kitzman, CA. 88 Kim Hilliar, Ml. 89 Dave Newman, CA. 90 WhiUey, CA. 91 Jan W.VA. 92 Karl Shubert, WI. 93 David Guth, WI.

60 Allyn Perry, CA.

61 Alan Brooks, CA.

New York DIXSON'S GLIDER SUPPLIES

I., NY 11738 ROMAN CAMPS

Beethoven l?

GLIDtR BARN

Barcelona (6), Spain

Kim lloberts P. 0. Box 189 Central (518)

NY 12035

McC/\RRON /\ERO. CORP. 17 Vichy Drive NY 12866

34

62 Rod Schmidt, CA. 63 Carl Brady, NE 64 Doug Brady, NE. 65 Richard Hubach, CA. 66 Fred IL 67 Robert IL 68 Katherine Low, CA. 69 Donald E. Lewis, CA. 70 Larry CA. 71 Dave IL 72 Calvin Swaback, IL 73 Lyle C. Brooks, CA. 74 Ron Roundtree, WA.

197:i

94

NM.

95 Rob Flamsey, WA. 96 .....................

97 Ch,ris:tcmh,ar 98 ,James 99 ,Jan 100 Rex Sweetland, AZ. 10·1 ,Jeff Cotler, OH. 102 Larry Gilbert, CA. 103 ,Jesse F. OH. 104 Karl Compton, 105 Newbill, OH. 106 OH. 108 Dave Peters, 109 Thome, NM. 11 O Hal Bean, NM. 111 Jim Hackey, NM. 112 Hudson, NM. 113 Crawford Mcioks, CA. 114 Hoisington, Sullivan, MT. ·1 ·1 a Dalo T. Stovorud, MT. 119 Mondij, CA. 120 Stove Davidson, CA. 121 Lowell 1 123 Charles Toth, IL. 125 Beck, NM. 126 Kenton Hoxie, CA. 127 David NE. AK. 128 Edward Michael Anderson, MT. 130 Michael NM. 131

133 134 135 Jeff Bline, 136 Robert Pingle, 137 James Terrell, NM. 138 Bob Dillon, NM. 139 Dan Uchytil, WI. 140 Sieve IL. 141 Tom Peadon, 142 Mik!l DiBlaso, NC. 143 Bob Schrader, TN. 144 Lawrence, NM. CA.

154 Marvin De Brunner, CA. 155 Brenner, CA. ·156 Steve GA. 157 Steven Brown, GA. 158 David Beerman, CA. 159 Bruce Bell, 160 Bob wa,vr,l1A.ar"' 161 162 Curt Walstoad, Ca. 163 John Malick, 164 Duncan, 165 Bob 166 Ken Hark, GA. 167 Rick 168

169 Kevin 170 Bob Trestman, NG. 171 Jody Walzak, CA. 172 Kamron Kirkconnell, 173 Lucky 174 Darrell Rd1m,arlA,r 175 Kim Liles, MT. 176 Flex Baldwin, WY.

GF10UND SKIMMER

177 Willie Morrow, ML ·178 Paul Ballesteros, CA. 179 Bill Tucker, NY. 1BO ,John Rozier, TX. ·181 Michael Pleskovick, FL. 182 Ben Moore, CANADA. 183 Bob Scott, CANADA. 184 Mike Bradford, NM. 185 Jay CA. ·t 86 Stephen CA. 187 D. Burmingham, CA. 188 Dick Messina, CA. 189 Doug Kolstead, CA. Dave MA. 191 Ed Downs, 192 Sid 193 Bruce 194 Allan Niemas, CA. 195 Wayne Clemm, TX. Smith, 196 ·197 Anclian, TX. 198 Manuel Santos, MEXICO. ·199 Kent Owens, NM. 200 Edward McNeil, NY. 201 Leo Skovgaord, CO. 202 James Reed, NE. 203 Mitch OH. ;104 Loren GA. 205 206 Peri 207 Bob Bowen, CA. 208 Graig Walker, GA. 209 Thomas Ludovico, GA. 2·10 Frank Colver, GA. 211 John Welch, GA. Dan Johnson, CA. Thomas Abdalla, VA. 4 W. Bocker, James Jones, GA. Richard CA. Dan O'Brien, 218 James Cocores, CA. 219 Howard Tolman, NM. 220 Rick Mashler, CA. Buddy Underwood, NM. Dav,1 Kratlle, CA. Wilton, CA. MN. David A. Springer, CA. Kenneth Nelms, GA. Mark Clemon!, CA. James W. Smith, CA. Ed Rushlow, CA. 230 Bruce Lancey, CA. Anderson, CA. Meier, CA. Jerry Keller, CA. Joseph Barker, NM. 235 Daniel P. Jnhnson, NM. 236 Larry Carriveau, WIS. Hobert Harvim,traw, OH. 238 Dale Bertrand, NM. Fred Davis, CA. 240 f,ussell Voldorrain, CA. 241 Pat McDonald, GA. John Walkowiak, IL. Barbara Nead, CA. Dano Ward, Ml. 245 Connie Ward, ML 246 Robert Peterson, MN. 247 Amie Norum, IL 248 Arthur Malone, W.VA. 249 Steven Hamblen, 250 John Upton, W.VA. 25·1 Kenneth Westfall, CA. Jack Beebo, GA. 253 Arthur Sobauor, WI. Stove Lundin, GA. 255 Arthur Powell, GA. 2!i6 Greg Lemicax, OH. Terry Mueck, GA. 2!58 Grant Gayton, GA. 259 Brad BennfJWilz, NM.

mo

Sky Sports to be as more important.

filsy, i111porlilnl

Sky Sports also has tile our own 90°·nose version of the standard Rogal lo for lwginners. I lie sail a comtortilble 4° of billow is matcher! by r11ggecl frame of .Ob8·inch wall t11bi11(l. Tlrr1 price is pretty neat for beginners, loo Witlr s1rtficie11I experience, Kestrel. flut, it you want in we have tlw Bobcat. two loot sl1orter keel and il 3. 75° sail, the Bobcat has f;istei and J sligl1tly better ratio than a11y standard And competition in the U.S. for two years effective Oct oiler J st,

I he lollowing arc sample

197:i. Of these,

tile

includes Kit Complete $ 790

Kestrel

Size

one size only, for pilots weighing 13:i· 185 pounds

Lark

$4/0

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llobcat

h4 O

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For morn information, sencl $1.llO for our new information kn.

Whitman, Mass 02382 Telephone: (617) 447 .3773 factory, Ellington, Conn., (203) 872·731

DovloprnJ oxpocially for flying proml m 11,rng glicJors, tlw Simpson Prone Hanwss 1s tlie ultimate 111 comfort, safety ancJ rrnnimum cira(J

D

No Pressure

D D D

with

D

Stress

Three Streamlined

D D Riveted in Critical Areas to Insure D Three Sizes for Fit D Assorted Colors to Maleh Kite.

D with Foot

D

and Allachment

Kiles Dealer

Invited

Prico $72.50

For additional information and a demo,nstralion, visit your local dealer or contact:

1208-H E. Walnut. Santa Ana, CA 92701 (714) 547-1344

36

260 261 262 Chris Perkins, WI. 263 Jim Loving, WI. 264 Ray Welch, AL 265 Michael Williams, CA. 266 Mike Thomas, PA. 267 David Gonrad, PA. 268 Dick James, CA. 269 Charles Matheson, OH. 270 James CA. 271 Richard PA. Roger Herbison, CA. 273 Ken Reimer, NY. 274 William Powell, AL 275 Tag Guice, AZ. 276 Joe Shaw, AZ. 277 Chuck Martens, 278 279 James Baur, WA. 280 Charles Baker, PA. 281 Raymond Klas, PA. 282 Clausnitzer, MN. 283 Andicochea, CA. 284 Robert Brandl, CA. 285 Michael PA. 286 Doug Fullerton, 287 James Stevenson, NE. 288 David Landis, OH. 289 Lonna AZ. 290 Kenneth OH. 291 John Schleife, NE. 292 Bob Neuhaus, CA. 293 Michael Pizzolato, IL 294 Michael Grzeskiewicz, IN. 295 Peter Milne, NC. 296 Gene Stanley, NE. 297 Stephen Seibert, CA. 298 Reggie Weber, NC. 299 ,Joseph Carswell, NC. 300 Thomas Arbanas, Ml. 301 Joe CA. CA. 302 William 303 Roman Dodson, CA. 304 Dave Vanwie, MN. 305 Ronald Kisow, PA. 306 Dennis Kisow, PA. 307 Rick Smith, TN. 308 Holman, Ca. 309 WA. 310 Tim Belcher, OH. 311 Blaine Gorup, AK. 312 William Hutchinson ,Jr., OH. 313 Michael Allred, NV. 314 Phillip Shennett, NV. 315 Chris Sautter, OH. 316 DeVoid, CA. 317 CA. 318 Ron MN. 319 Clifton Cordes, AZ. 320 Steven Tweed!, IA. 321 James Jr., Ml. 322 WA. 323 Jerry CA. 324 Vernon CA. 325 Jim Lana, CA. ~~26 Clint Ostrander, CA. 327 Can L Wright, CA. 328 Earl CA. 329 Ralph CA,.

330 John Howard, NE. 33·1 Don Pierce, NE. 332 John Davis, CA. 33-1 Cliff AZ.

78 Ford Walters, CA. ,Jay,CA. McCorkle, CA. CA. CA,

83 David Low, CA. 84 Don Guess, TN. 85 David Quiggin, OH. 86 Chuck OH. 87 Chris 88 Jerry 89 Dennis Burton, CA. 90 Irvine Alward, CA. 91 Robert Reed, CA. 92 Bob CA. 93 Richard Stern, 94 Rodney Svoma, AZ. 95 Brian Roundtree, WA. 96 Daniel Swanson, Ml. 97 William Pregler, CA. 98 Rich Romera. CA. 99 Michael Bray, CA. 100 Joseph Kray, CA. 101 Keith Nichels, CA. 102 Lee Wilson, CA. 103 Don Trimble, CA. 104 John Grace, CA. 105 Joel WA. 106 Donald PA. 107 Larry Flemming, CA. 108 Mike Robinson, PA. 109 Max Tufts, VA. 110 Joe Krueger, WI. 111 Don Krueger, WI. 112 James Vauglm, AZ. 113 John Lasko, CA, 114 Burke Ewing, CA. 115 Steve Nutter, AZ. 116 Dave Rachubka, CA. 117 Gary Waugh, AZ. 118 Joseph Bauer, WA. ·119 Kenneth Ruby, KY. 120 Tracy Knauss, TN. 121 Norm Kozma, Ml. 122 Shane M. Conner, NY. 123 John Volk, ML 124 Don Dusatko, CO. 125 Dennis Guess, TN. 126 Brad Boese, Ml. 127 Larry Ross, CA. 128 Neil Bakl<um, NM. 129 Mike Miller, CA. 130 Glen Woodbury, CA. rn1 Lee Sterios, CA. 132 Doug Klassen, CA. 133 Robin Grace, CA. 134 Boris Popov, MN. 135 Kurt Hollanitsch, MN. 136 Torn Vernor, CA. 137 Marion Hastings, CA. 138 Steve Haster1ik, MT. 139 Bruce Paxton, CA. 140 Keith Johnson, CA. 141 Bob Cadenhead, CA. 142 Ralph Senter, WA. 143 Don Underwood, CA. 144 Bill Tunnell, CA. 145 Richard Lee, CA. 146 Gil WA. 147 Bob WA. 148 ,Jim Diffenderfer, CA. 149 John Wiezycki, AZ. 150 Rick Day, WA. 151 Don Underwood, PA. 152 Dennis Pagan, PA. 153 Patrick Conrad, NE. 154 Greg Duhon, CA. 155 Kenneth de 156 Gerald Albiston, 157 Larry Wilh<1rsoc>0n.

158 Kent Shain, 159 Mike Ziaskas, Ml. 160 Wayne 161 Paul Hrnmsron 162 Thomas 163 l<en 164 165

1975

0'.l

()l)i

197 William Plank, WA. WA. Dellwo, WA. ;mo Matthew Johnson, 201 Matthew Martin, NM. John Al,nr,11nrlo,r

HANG (;l,lDtN(: nmHCNS (noL iro1wd on) ON qUAl,ITY, 100% C(Jl'TON

IJ]\lP

gold,

rrnd von1·

make TWO /Ovlld

on

(h('l\\

cho i cc, tu

11nd

1J,\V1': Box !'1.(U llAWTl!OH!'.J<: CAJ,JF.

pr in 1 Pd on OJtANm:

D0:.-0,'.iO

I fUN -··10 build to 10

A FINE CHRISTMAS CIFT! Realistic 1/6 scale model Rogallo hang glider with colorful polyvinyl wing.

GElOUI\JD SKIMMEFl

• • •

enthusiast. it as

as a sailboat. sailcloth to nrn•llln"

SUGGESTED

RETAIL

R E IT

Fl

•

•

•

IV WHEELS

s

r

S"x 36" WOODEN BOARD 3 MARK IV WHEELS

A P.

I CARM

..

"I

I

Vote for One

[]

mm1-:r1 YOlm HAf<NESS cm FOi< Mom: INFOHMATION WHITF OR CAI.I

SUNBIRD GUDFRS 21420 CHASF ST U71!

CANOGA PAHK, 91304 (2 n) 88:t<ll 77 D PLEASE SPECIFY I'll OT HEl(;f ANIJ WEIC,HT WHEN

BY MAIi

D A MINIMUM $20.00 DEPOSIT MUST ACCOMPANY AU ormEHS

[J ONLY $59.50 f oh C.inoq,i l'.11k 0 DEALER INQlJIRIFS INVITED

\VILLNOT "J<.I UP"

fN fl IC,r1T

NO f"OOT

GHOUNO SKIMMEH

Current USHGA No. (Name and USHGA membership number must be entered here lo validate ballot.)

UNITED

E

H

G

n

1208.H E. WAI.NUT

SANTA ANA,

CAL.IFOHNIA D (

over 1

lb

1

l

'70'1

!34 '7 ··'134/1

. . . . tlw little known flyer with the little known kite."

This is a magazine quote about Chuck Nyland and his Pacific C,ull HA·19 USHGA Nationals '74 in December. Chuck has been flying only year and a placed 4th ovor a field of 1 of the nation's top pilots. Chuck said his glider to be the only production glider to mako the maximum distance pylon the bull's,.eye.

r,o

For beginner or export, the HA Series (HA-18, HA,.19, HA·20) is designed easy docile flight, f!XC!Jptiomil mamrnvernbility, soim1bility in minimal co111drt10,ns, ratio of 6: 1, and the fastest set,up glider available, utilizing our exclusive frame configuration. The most beautiful trouble free glider nrnde,,.·,.ask our r:or u full 7 pago llrochuro and 11 actual snil cloth color snrr1plos, plensn send cover postage and lrnndlino.

HIG

1321 Calle Valle (unit F)

San Clemente· California 92672

(71

i'HOTO JOHN DOWD rrLOl RICHARD ZADOROZNY

I MODEL 213 (ICARUSl

BOX

CA 95014

STEVE WILSON

Jnlldlng

,JOHN McVEY

THE BELL SOARING HE.LMET IS AVAILABLE THROUGH YOUR LOCAL BELL DEALER. Distributed world wide by E ipper-Formance, Inc, Torrance,

I I I I NOVEMBER 14, 1 16 VII, Fall Gliding Workshop and instructor certifica·· tion West Mt, Glenns Falls, NY For further information contact: Lon Acosta at the Surf· Gliding School, West Mt., Glenns 12801 (518) 436··7731.

NOVEMBER 17 H.G.A. membership meeting, 7:30 P.M., of Water & Power Los Angeles.

Auditorium, 111 N. Hope DECEMBEF-l 13, 14····Christmas Hang Meet, Escape Trabuco Canyon, 92678. For more call (7'14) 586·7964.

CONSUMER ADVISOFlY: Used should be disassembled before the time and for ruined bent or dented bolts (especially the heart bolt), Nyloc nuts, loose thimbles, or rusted cables, with non-circular and on Rogallos, tom or tom loose from their anchor points front and baGk on the keel and leading II in doubt, many hang businesses happy to give an on the condition of equipment you bring them to inspec;t.

DECEMBER 13·16·-·First South African Na· tional Championships.

DECEMBER 1 S.H.G.A. membership meeting, 7:30 P.M., of Water & Power Auditorium, 111 N. Hope Los Angeles.

JANUARY19 7:30 P.M., 111 N. Hope

S.H.GA membership meetinri, of Water & Power Auditorium, Los

APRIL 10·18·-1976 World Country, more information call

4th Annual USHGA National SEPTEMBER, 1976

First World

Glid·

"m"irnn"r""" Kossen, Austria. For com· WOK-Kossen, Klabenstein· 354·A, A-6345, Kossen, Austria, Attn: Erich Lehnert.

BENNETT DELTA·WING--18'6", extra wide control bar. Red-White-Blue color (centennial colors!). Canvas zipper kite bag included.

Never damaged. excellent, stable. $600.

767··7944. Ed Jahns. value tor $450.

BENNETT DELTA-WING Skytrek-18'6", months old. All accessories, for towing also.

Gold & 235·3239.

CAN WE HELP YOU into the air? Do you but of funds? We will to help you fly. Contact Delta 787·6600. ··-······

..........................

-·-···········..

CHANDELLE 20'-New wires, excellent con·· dition. Harness and h~Jlmet included. $300. or best offer. Call 390·5614.

CHAN DELLE STD. 18' ···Brand new, seated and new prone harness with knee sail, bar, wind sock, quiet 447-0069. $285.

DISPLAY and used Gliders, and 20'. End of Season sale F-lochestiir Glider, 381·0075.

EIPPER parts with Albatros sail, Short keel 17' x 15' Perf!lct condition, $400. (213) 375-6197.

Calendar of Events Ground Skimmer nn:amn·1nR Box 66306, Los '"'111'"'''"'"·

EIPPEr:l 19'-·Floater, emaculate, seat, cover, colored sail, $450. or best offer. (21 372·9753.

FREE-FLIGHT 17'·--Three color sail, like 763-4518. new with cover, $400.

FFlEE FLIGHT 17'--Prone harness, Feathtir & storage covcH incl. Frame never condition. $'.'!00. (213) Sail in 341·3100.

FREE·FLIGHT 18'-·White sail, prone harness, cover, extras. $350. or best offer.

528-7950 MANTA 17' ....()ne year old, good condition,

44

SEAGULL Ill for sale. Like new $500. Corn· 649·4824.

SEAGULL V··Excellent condition, 7· 1, sink rate 220' $800. or Best offer.

SEAGULL V·-Fer sale. All while, flown onH month. Like new, $1,000 or Best (213) 454·5896.

STANDARD ROGALLO 20'·-.Prone harness, and sail, storage Gover, Excel· nt on ition! ontact Ben (2'13) 835-5897. $450.

-··'""""·--·"

STANDARD FlOGALLO W' 6063 tube. Doweled, and drilled.

King Post plus some fittings and plans. $85.

All new material. (21 679<3911 - · - · · · · · - - - · - ..············

SUNBIRD 18'···Fire engine red, as new only in the air 12 times. Comes with snap type, and harness. performer $700. Call (213) Ask for John.

TOW KITE 15'··-Coated cables, l<ite release, control bar, and $430. Stu, (513) 27H 261.

15' Wings Beautifully cut, blue & white sail, coated cables, with bag. $390. Stu, (513) 27H261.

ICAHUS 11 ....s1ue and white wings, new cor1d ition $500. Dick Jimmerson, Box 867, CO 80477.

Steamboat ICARUS II-Built in '75, dacron, flies well, excellent condition. (716) 464·8489 (Roches· $750.

ICARUS \/ .......Cr1;rn"11>t,u1 (and on some featurns better) than factory built. $1750. Write to Icarus, 3501/2 Ave., LA., CA 90036. ...........-,.. ... ,- .. ,

ICARUS II-Just built from UFM kit. Red Polveil!er Fabric with WWI German Crosses Comes with trailer and enclosed protect this from the elements.

Sudwischer, ·179 Herman Ave., 11714.

6) GE 3·241 with white dac.. ron UFM kit. Test flown twice. Can be seen at Midwest School of

1975

Glider facility in Northern California. with o!

USHGA ratecJ Scic;tion 36B5, TitlrJ

ILLINOIS

!or certify that the statrm1r;nts and cornp1131e, by: Richard

SKIMMEf1

Blueprints Now Available

of and Manta Wings. James Aronson, RD Mine Rd., Monroe, NY 10950 783-6751 or Dan (;h,~rm,i:m ATLANTIC HAN GLIDER S·-·Be n nett Flight School 1ea1curn1!,l the "Phoenix," at ML Peter Ski Greenwood Lake, NY, Kite Sales: Bennett, ie Kenison 4) 353-0109.

Yaged (201) Also water tow lessons, Gliding Needs. Sate, hour NYC. Write NJ 07922.

VJ-24 Sunlun 11 Airplano controls 1/11 All

metal, except fabric • Easy to build e Semi-cantilever, m()noplane hang glider. fl Send $2 for brochure,

New York···Bennett Delta Wings, Standard or high models in stock, new and tube and in·

Glicler, dealer for Eipper· Sports. For sales, instrucFormance and tion, parts or accessories, 74 East Park Rd,, Pittsford, NY 14534 or Call 381-0075.

WIND AND SEA Glider Shop, New complete glider store. We Pliable Moose Kites with a full sories. Also a fully equipped school. Stop by or give us a ring. 5419 Merrick Rd,, Massapequa, NY 798-9887.

sut)scrip1:ion $7. rL news and information states' H. G. activities. Ad rate: full Al Signorino, 11959 Glenvallev Dr., MO 6'.3043, GUIDE TO POPULAR FL YING SITES, Southern California. This booklet has 20 sites with a and dirl1ctions for each site.

Take-off point, area, number, and each site is rated or Ex. $2. ea. or $150 for an order 10 or more.

Order from Roger Cleaveland, 1 '13 Rosecrans Ave., Manhattan Beach, CA 90266, .. ..

-,,

,.

HANG GLIDER WEEKLY: Your subscription $4/12; $7/24; $12/52 issues. To HGW· P.O. Box 1860, Santa Monica, CA 90406, '"

,,,,,_,,,""

HANGING IN THERE, South, Richfield, MN

6301 Knox Ave,

SOARING MAGAZJNE·-Covers the scene with some ultra-light cover·arie, able with membership. (Member sociale member $12/yr.) Info kit with $1.50.

Society of America, Los CA 90066. ' - - , . :....., . , , .

'"

"''"""

..

_,,,,,,,,,,

PENNSYLVANIA

VJ-23 Swingwing

• Has been soared for 42. min. 011 34'·11ig/1 hill, 23-slope, 17 mph wind, • Takes off am1 lancls in 2 steps in a 15-mph wind.

Ill Fully controllable in 3 axis, 1111 World's first high performance hang glider. o Send $2 for literature, 3·view, and color photo

Ht 1, Clean Air Aviation--.. Phila. area Hayburn Concordville, PA 1933·1.

Days call 675-3227, Sky State Seagull, Aerovisicms.

Bell, Colver, etc, Gliders and Rated Instructors. .... .,,

_.,,.,,,,,,,,

SOUTH CAROLINA TWENTY TWO TO ONE GLIDE! Our twoare 22-1; our single ! Expand your aero hor· to soar with us. 32 flight solo course $360, ride $10. Writi, for a bro, chure or call Kent at (803) 385-6061. Bermuda High School, Chester Airport, Chester, SC

SUPERFLOATER·-·Build the highest formance hang glider. Fool launchable. be landed on the pilots legs or the wheel and skid. Plans now available, $25. Mountain Box 771, Utah 84050.

Green

UTAH ""'-'"'""-"'"""

Utah Flyers and Visitors--Hang Glider parts, repairs, and competent instruction. Free lessons when you buy a Manta Wing. The Kite at Nature's Way, 9th So. 9th East, Utah 84102(801) 359..·...7...9.1_3_... ····--·-· VJ-11 So•Lo

.,.,.,~.,.--,.-""""'"""'"""

9 Build thG world's first fully controllable hang

glider.

e Standard aircraft controls, • Fully engineered, • Can be built in 6 weeks spare time, o Material cost approximately $400 • Senc1 $2 for literature, specifications, anc1 photo

VOLMER AIRCRAFT OSK AIRCRAFT BOX 5222 DEPT, G 14547 ARMINTA ST, GLENDALE, CA. 91201 VAN NUYS, CA. 9'1402

BACK ISSUES of GROUND SKIMMER Magazine: Mimeo newsletters # 's 1 to 1O, 50¢ ea.; printed issues, #'s 19-32, 75¢ ea. USHGA Box 66306, Los Calif. 90066.

BOOKS: Hang Gliding, comprehensive re· view of the

by Dan Poynter, 205 pages, ,50 for airmail). Man Powered $5.95. (Add Flight by Keith Sherwin, 176 $6.50.

Hang Flight, instructional $3.25. Simplified Performance Gliders Jack Park, 1 from USHGA, 90066.

FLATLAND FLYER--1 year (12 issues)

46

iW' x .058 galvanized vinyl 42¢ ea. Twin flat tangs, 54¢ tangs, 51 ¢ ea. Twin 1" quick release pins, $U5/ea, Apex $1.50/ea. 1" black plastic caps, 10¢ ea, check or order only.

Mfg. Co., Box 236, Indiana BUCO "FLIGHT MASTER" HELMETS-$23.75 M, L, XL. Outside continental LLS, include necessary postage. Sorry, no C,O,D. H.MA Approved. Soaring Helmet, P.O. Box Del Mar, CA 92014.

Parts and Plans for 17' Free-Flight. Includes new tubing, apex plates, turnbuckles, etc. at more than twice the price, $75, or best offer, 985-2890.

SAIL··-" Hen co Sail. 18' standard 90° for an 82° or 83° frame.

Blue and white panels. 318 oz. dacron. Must Sell! $100, Write to Roger Cleaveland, 113 Rosecrans Ave., Manhattan Beach, Calif.

90266.

1975

LEADING HANG GLJDEF{ MANUFACTURE:Fl INTEFlESTED IN ACQUIRING DISTFllBU· TO~lS IN Colorado, Texas, ington. Investment required. t,o,rrHiar:rv Contact Mr. Industrial 95008. Phone: (408) PATCHES DECALS··-USHGA sew,on emblems dia. Full color··-$!. Decals, 3W' dia. inside or outside application, 25¢ eacl1.

Include 10¢ for and handling with each order. Box Los Angeles, CA 90066.

M,,n,t,rnrl Hts.,

with USHGA emblem $5.50 in· ancl handling. Californians add M, L, XL. Orange only.

Angeles, CA 90066.

FANTASTIC COLOR-100 foot hang

HANG GLIDING CALENDAF!·..·12 lull·

or bumper this fine sport

STICKEFl···For your window must !or every enthusiast of "Show them what you do!"

thusiast!

Order frorn Calif. 90066.

WE CAN PUT almost any personal design or company on your dacron sail (see Sic,rra II wing. FAA apr)ro·ved cifically for mation on having us write: Sail·Brusl1, c/o 283 Flower Costa Mesa, California (714) ti4t)· /~i,'.cl

The rate for classified advertising word (or of characters). Minimum $1.50. of is charged for each graph. Please make checks payable to Classified Ad·vertisiric1 GROUND SKIMMER MA13A2'.INE Box 66396, Los Angeles,

Hawk Kites two-color

on

Visor Color Size (circle one) Small, Medium, First choice: light blue, yellow, beige (circle one) for T .. shirls or visors Socond choice: red, white, orange, tan, green, (circle one) and handling for each shirt and Design (circle one) NC residents add 4% (5 color Fly A Kite Suri the Sky . .. .. $4.25 (5 color ORDERS PROCESSED DAY OF RECEIPT Get High Fly A Kite .................. ,,-,.~v (5 color Kitty Hawk Kites (2 color Name ........................................................................................

Address ..................................................................................

City ........................................ State Zip

GROUND Sf<IMMER

Send to: Kitty Hawk Kites Box 386, Head, NC 27959 $1 lor poster/catalog

47

I!* ;(STANDARD EQUIPMENT I

L.UDES

• Custom-colored sail • Vin vi-coated, 7 x 7, stainless cable wires ill High-stress areas sleeved and doweled for vour

MANU F /\CT LJl1 I NC/SA LES

Ii Anodized tubing

• Revo!utionarv new Sal/feather Solid construction 1Y:, rMi. x .OSB main spars, 1" x .083 control bar

T/1ES[ OUALIF!ED SOLO FL/GI-IT DEALERS Al/E AVAILA!II.E FOi? SALES AND SEI/VICE CALL Tl/EM FOi'/ ANSWEf?S TO YOUF! OUESTJONS. ESCAPE COUNTRY

EAREIOB FERRY MARINA

SOLO OF BROWNSVILLE

Jim Robinson Ftobinson nanch

rrabuco Canyon, Cnlifornin D2ff/8 (714) 58G 7964

822 VV l<Al E:LLA AVI.: onANC , Cl\. D::>6(57 Telephone (71-'1)DD7 0701 Me/lJ/Jcr of 1-/anglicler

Locust l!J18)

Oklahoma 74352

SAIL WING, INC. Al Waddill 111G Eighth Street Manhattan Beach, California 90266 (2131 :rn21 rn

SOLO OF OREGON Sandy Sanders G43 E. Main 9737B

SOLO OF SAN CLEMENTE

UP-IT CO.

Manufacturers Association

Jan Davis

Mam1 OUALITY kites

and DEALER 11\JQUIRIES INVITED

400-B Pnppt,r l.arw San California 926'/2

(114) MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HANG GLIDER F!icharrl 104 S. 2nd Clinton, Iowa 52732 13191 242-01 7B

SOLO OF HOUSTON nohert :l26b W. 7 Houston, Texas 77006 ('/ 13) 52 /-8101

3B012 HANG GLIDER SHOP Jack Rri tton 13b'I S. Beach IJlvct La California 90631 (213) 1071

ATTENTION BUYERS !Is 11111anu(r1c1urerofq11a/i1y 1;/iclcr

lwrc/1\/{)re and so{r11•arc we IVill he ha/!/!_\' ro quote q1111111 if.I' 11riees of rm1· speci(i'rntions. We carry ON !!11N[) a large inPentnn• o(stand Write or

For more information about the 19 the Quicksilver, and tbe unrivaled Cumulus, and a send $1.00 for our catalog. The Hang Glider Manual, with parts list of authorized for the Flexi Flier, Quicksilver and much more information $10.

Charter member Hanq Glider Manufacturers /\ssociation

soaring systems

f":::i!ifnrni::i 90245 (213} 322-7171

you don't plan on

down,

need something from UP!