Հայաստանի բնակարանային ոլորտի հետազոտություն․ Ամփոփագիր

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

§àõñµ³Ý¦ ϳÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù

гµÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÆÝûñÝ»ÛßÝÁÉ ÆÝù.

The Urban Foundation for Sustainable Development

Habitat for Humanity International Inc.

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ (вزèàî ´àì²Ü¸²ÎàôÂÚàôÜ) ºñ¨³Ý 2010 Ã.

Armenia Housing Study (EXECUTIVE SUMMARY) Yerevan 2010

лÕÇݳÏÝ»ñ` г۳ëï³Ý êï»÷³ÝÛ³Ý, Æñ³í³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñáí ÷áñÓ³·»ï, §àõñµ³Ý¦ ϳÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù ²ñÙ»Ý ì³ñáëÛ³Ý, ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñó»ñáí ÷áñÓ³·»ï, §àõñµ³Ý¦ ϳÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù Authors: Hayastan Stepanyan, Legal expert, The Urban Foundation for Sustainable Development Armen Varosyan, Housing expert, The Urban Foundation for Sustainable Development

Cover photo by: Zaruhi Tonapetyan Þ³åÇÏÇ ÝϳñÁ` ¼³ñáõÑÇ îáݳå»ïÛ³ÝÇ

²é³ç³µ³Ý

Foreword

²Ýó³Í »ñÏáõ ï³ëݳÙÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ³Õù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ áã å³ïß³× µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»Ù

Over the past two decades, Habitat for Humanity, a Christian nonprofit organization dedicated to fighting the scourge of poverty and inadequate housing, has built or improved more than 350,000 affordable homes worldwide. While this is clearly an impressive achievement for a nonprofit, we know that it is impossible to meet the goal of “decent housing for all” through Habitat's building efforts alone.

å³Ûù³ñÇÝ ÝíÇñí³Í §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÆÝûñÝ»ÛßÝÁɦ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ùñÇëïáÝ»³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÙµáÕç ³ß˳ñÑáõ٠ϳéáõó»É ϳ٠µ³ñ»É³í»É ¿ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 350,000 Ù³ïã»ÉÇ µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ïÝ»ñ: ØÇÝã Ñëï³Ï ¿, áñ ë³ Ñ³ë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ïå³íáñÇã Ó»éùµ»ñáõÙ ¿, Ù»Ýù ·Çï³ÏóáõÙ »Ýù, áñ ÙdzÛÝ Ð³µÇóÃÇ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ç³Ýù»ñáí Ñݳñ³íáñ 㿠ѳëÝ»É §µáÉáñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³ïß³× µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ¦ Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ: ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ³Õù³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñÏñÇ »ñ»ëÇó í»ñ³óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ Ù»ñ ³é³ù»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ³Ý»É ³í»ÉÇÝ, ù³Ý ϳó³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙÝ áõ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙÝ ¿: гµÇóÃáõÙ µáÉáñÁ ѳÙá½í³Í »Ý, áñ Ù»½ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ³ÝѳïÝ»ñÇ, ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ, ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ Ýñ³Ýó Ñ»ï Çñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ: Ø»ñ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ ¿ 90 »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³É µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ñï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³` Ýå³ëï»Éáõ µáÉáñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ·áñÍáõÝ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ë»ÏïáñÇ Ï³Û³óÙ³ÝÁ: àñå»ë ëÏǽµ` Ù»½ µáÉáñÇë ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ñ³í³ëïÇ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ³é³çݳѻñà µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÇ É³í ÁÙµéÝáõÙ: г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ¿ §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÆÝûñÝ»ÛßÝÁÉǦ` Ó¨³íáñíáÕ Ñ³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÃíÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ùß³Ïí³Í Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳Ý, г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³Ûë áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³é³çÇÝ ù³ÛÉ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿: ²ÛÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ³½¹áÕ Ñ³Ù³ï»ùëïÇ áõ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ý»ñϳ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ

To eliminate poverty housing from the face of the earth, our mission calls us to go beyond building and refurbishing homes. At Habitat we believe we need genuine partnerships and participation with individuals, communities, corporations, nonprofits, local and national governments, and other institutions. Increasingly through our programs in 90 countries where we work, we are aiming to influence the overall housing policy and practice to enable a functioning housing sector that works for everyone.

To start, we all need reliable information on the housing environment and a good understanding of the primary housing needs. The Armenian Housing Study, conducted around a methodology developed for Habitat for Humanity's emerging global housing policy index, is one of the first steps in this direction in Armenia. It is an attempt to analyze the context and environment that affects housing issues in Armenia, and to identify the most vulnerable groups affected by current housing policies and practices. The housing policy index looks at five key policy areas and is based on extensive research and г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

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é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ñï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ»ñÇ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏñáÕ ³Ù»Ý³Ëáó»ÉÇ ËÙµ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý ÙÇ ÷áñÓ ¿: ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÃÇíÁ ¹Çï³ñÏáõÙ ¿ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÝ· áÉáñïÝ»ñ ¨ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ¿ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·Íáí ³ß˳ñÑÇ ³é³ç³ï³ñ ÷áñÓ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ ¨ ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ËáñÁ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³: Ø»ñ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ ¿ ëáõÛÝ ½»ÏáõÛóáõÙ ï»Õ ·ï³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ¨ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí µ³ñ»É³í»É Ù»ñ ÁÙµéÝáõÙÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ ¨ ϳñÇùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: Ø»Ýù ѳí³ï³ó³Í »Ý, áñ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ û·ï³Ï³ñ ÏÉÇÝ»Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ùß³ÏáÕÝ»ñÇ, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·Íáí Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ, ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáÝù å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ù »Ý ѳٳï»Õ ³ß˳ï»É` ·ïÝ»Éáõ ï¨³Ï³Ý ¨ ϳÛáõÝ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ ³Ûë ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í å³ïß³× Ï³ó³ñ³Ý áõݻݳÉáõ Ù»Í å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÇÝ: ²Ûë ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ýßáõßï г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ÙÁݹѳÝáõñ ¹»Õ³ïáÙë ã¿, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Ñáõëáí »Ýù, áñ ³ÛÝ û·ï³Ï³ñ áõÕ»óáõÛó ÏÉÇÝÇ` Ù߳ϻÉáõ ·áñÍáõÝ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ:

¸áÝ Ð³½ëãÇÝ î³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÷áËݳ˳·³Ñ §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÆÝûñÝ»ÛßÝÁɦ ºíñáå³ ¨ λÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ²ëdz

studies from many of the world's leading housing policy experts and institutions. гµÇóÃáõÙ µáÉáñÁ ѳÙá½í³Í »Ý, áñ Ù»½ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ³ÝѳïÝ»ñÇ, ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ, ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ Ýñ³Ýó Ñ»ï Çñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ: At Habitat we believe we need genuine partnerships and participation with individuals, communities, corporations, nonprofits, local and national governments, and other institutions.

Through the data and analysis in this report, we aim to improve our understanding of the housing environment and need in Armenia. We believe the analysis and recommendations are useful to policy makers, development professionals, nonprofit organizations and donors who are willing to work together to find lasting and sustainable solutions to the large demand for decent housing that is portrayed in this document. This study is obviously not a panacea for the housing issues in Armenia, but we hope you will find it a helpful guide to developing working solutions to bring about positive change.

Don Haszczyn Area Vice President Habitat for Humanity International Europe and Central Asia 4

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

ºñ³ËïÇùÇ Ëáëù

Acknowledgements

êáõÛÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ¿ §àõñµ³Ý¦ ϳÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³ÙÇ ³ß˳ï³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó

Research was carried out by staff from the Urban Foundation for Sustainable Development in Armenia.

■лÕÇݳÏÝ»ñ

■Authors:

г۳ëï³Ý êï»÷³ÝÛ³Ý, Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñáí ÷áñÓ³·»ï, ²ñÙ»Ý ì³ñáëÛ³Ý, µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñó»ñáí ÷áñÓ³·»ï

Hayastan Stepanyan, legal expert, and Armen Varosyan, housing expert.

■ÊÙµ³·ñ³Ï³Ý ÃÇÙ

■Editorial team:

¸áÝ Ð³½ëãÇÝ, ÷áËݳ˳·³Ñ, §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÇÝûñÝ»ßÝÁɦ, ºíñáå³ÛÇ ¨ ØÇçÇÝ ²ëdzÛÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý Èáõódz äáåáíëϳ, سÛù ØÇÝÇ ¨ ü»Ûù» ¸Çù, §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÇÝûñÝ»ßÁÝɦ, ºíñáå³ÛÇ ¨ ØÇçÇÝ ²ëdzÛÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ µ³ÅÇÝ, ìÇÉÉá ´ñáù ¨ γï»ñÇݳ ´»½·³ãÇݳ, §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÇÝûñÝ»ßÝÁɦ, ºíñáå³ÛÇ ¨ ØÇçÇÝ ²ëdzÛÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¨ ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóÙ³Ý µ³ÅÇÝ, æ»ÛÝ Î³ó, §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÇÝûñÝ»ßÝÁɦ, ä»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳå»ñÇ ¨ ߳ѻñÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ÆñÇݳ ì³ÝÛ³Ý, §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ²ñÙ»Ýdz¦:

Habitat for Humanity International Europe and Central Asia area vice president Don Haszczyn; Habitat for Humanity International Europe and Central Asia program department, Lucija Popovska, Mike Meaney and Feike Dik; Habitat for Humanity International Europe and Central Asia resource development and communications department, Willo Brock and Katerina Bezgachina; Habitat for Humanity International Government Relations and Advocacy office, Jane Katz; Habitat for Humanity Armenia, Irina Vanyan.

■î»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý (Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ) ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ²ñÙ»Ýdz¦-Ç ÃÇÙ, гµÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ, ²Ù»ñÇÏáõëÇ Ïñ»³ïÇí ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ ´³ñµáñ³ üñÇÏáí³, §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÇÝûñÝ»ßÝÁɦ, ºíñáå³ÛÇ ¨ ØÇçÇÝ ²ëdzÛÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¨ ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóÙ³Ý µ³ÅÇÝ, ²ñÉ»Ý ÎáñµÇÝ ÈÛáõÇë, §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÇÝûñÝ»ßÝÁɦ, äºïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳå»ñÇ ¨ ߳ѻñÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, êÇñ³Ýáõß ì³ñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý, §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ²ñÙ»Ýdz¦, Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñ ■лÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÇ »ñ³ËïÇùÇ ËáëùÁ êáõÛÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»ÉÇë µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛ³Ý (ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñáí ½µ³ÕíáÕ ÷áñÓ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ) ѳ۳ëï³ÝÛ³Ý ÃÇÙÁ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ëï³ó»É ï³ñµ»ñ ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¨ ³ÝѳïÝ»ñÇó: ܳ˨³é³ç, ßÝáñ-

■Technical support: Staff of Habitat for Humanity Armenia; Habitat for Humanity Creative Support Services in Americus; Habitat for Humanity Europe and Central Asia, resource development and communications department, Barbora Fricova; Arlene Corbin Lewis at Habitat for Humanity International's, Government Relations and Advocacy office; Siranush Vardanyan, program development manager at Habitat Armenia.

■Acknowledgments from the authors: In preparing this study, the Armenian Housing Study team received support from different agencies and individuals. Firstly, we would like to г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

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ѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ »Ýù ѳÛïÝáõÙ §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ²ñÙ»Ýdz¦ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ ïÝûñ»Ý ÆñÇݳ ì³ÝÛ³ÝÇÝ ¨ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñ êÇñ³Ýáõß ì³ñ¹³ÝÛ³ÝÇÝ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: Üñ³Ýó û·ï³Ï³ñ ËáñÑáõñ¹Ý»ñÁ ¨ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ áõÕ»Ïó»É »Ý Ù»½ áÕç ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ:

recognize the assistance offered by Irina Vanyan, director of the Habitat Armenia office, and Siranush Vardanyan, program development manager. They provided very useful comments and supportive suggestions throughout our work.

öáñÓ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ ÃÇÙÁ ѳݹÇå»É ¨ ѳñó³½ñáõÛóÝ»ñ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óñ»É ÐÐ ù³Õ³ù³ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý, ÐÐ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÇ, ÐÐ ïñ³ÝëåáñïÇ, ϳåÇ ¨ ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ÐÐ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý µ³ÝÏÇ, ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÝ ³éÁÝûñ ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ Ï³¹³ëïñÇ å»ï³Ï³Ý ÏáÙÇï»Ç, ÐÐ áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÓݳ·ñ³ÛÇÝ µ³ÅÝÇ, ºñ¨³ÝÇ ù³Õ³ù³å»ï³ñ³ÝÇ, ²ØÜ Ø¼¶ г۳ëï³Ýáõ٠ѳñϳÛÇÝ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·ñÇ, ø»Û ¾ý ¸³µÉÛáõ/г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝ ßáõϳÛÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñÇ (÷áõÉ 1), ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý Ïáñåáñ³ódzÛÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ, §ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ åáÕáï³. å»ï³Ï³Ý ϳñÇùÝ»ñÇ ½áÑ»ñ¦ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý å³ßïáݳï³ñ ³ÝÓ³Ýó ¨ ³ß˳ï³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ³ÝÏ³Ë ÷áñÓ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³éϳ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇÝ ¨ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù µ»ñ»Éáõ ¨ ³ÛÝ í»ñÉáõÍ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: سëݳíáñ³å»ë, Ù»ñ »ñ³ËïÇùÇ ËáëùÝ »Ýù ѳÛïÝáõÙ ÐÐ ø³Õ³ù³ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý, µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáÝ¹Ç Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ¨ ÏáÙáõÝ³É ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í³ñãáõÃÛ³Ý å»ï ºí·»ÝÛ³ ²Ã³Û³ÝÇÝ ¨ ÐÐ ²ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý í³ñãáõÃÛ³Ý å»ï ²ëïÕÇÏ ØÇݳëÛ³ÝÇÝ: Ø»Ýù »ñ³Ëï³å³ñï »Ýù µáÉáñ ³ÝѳïÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ ÷áñÓ³·»ïÝ»ñÇÝ Ù»½ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ³Í ųٳݳÏÇ ¨ Ññ³ß³ÉÇ ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÇ, ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ³Í ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: Ðñ³ß³ÉÇ ³ß˳ï³Ýù Çñ³Ï³Ý³óñ»ó ²ñë»Ý ²ëɳÝÛ³ÝÁª ѳñó³½ñáõÛóÝ»ñ í³ñ»Éáí ÷áñÓ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ ¨ Çñ³í³ëáõ ³ß˳ï³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:

The study team met and conducted interviews with the officials and practitioners of the Armenian ministries of Urban Development, Labor and Social Affairs, and Transport and Communication; the Central Bank of Armenia; the State Committee of Real Estate Cadastre of the Armenian government; the Republic of Armenia Passport Department; Yerevan Municipality; USAID/Armenia Tax Improvement Program; Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau/Development of a Sustainable Housing Finance Market (Phase I) in Armenia; International Financial Corp. office, Victims of Public Need North Avenue NGO; and independent experts to obtain information and insight about the housing sector and policies related to affordable housing in Armenia. Particularly, we are fortunate to have strong support of Yevgenya Atayan, Housing and Communal Policy department head of the Ministry of Urban Development, and Astghik Minasyan, department head of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. These individuals were cooperative, open and informative, and we are grateful to them for their time and good ideas. Sociologist Arsen Aslanyan did a fine job in interviewing experts and practitioners.

âÝ³Û³Í í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í ³ÝÓ³Ýó ³Ý·Ý³Ñ³ï»ÉÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ëáõÛÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý áÕç å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏñáõÙ »Ý Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÁ: ²Ûëï»Õ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í Ùïù»ñÁ, ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å³ïϳÝáõÙ »Ý ÙÇÙdzÛÝ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ ϳñáÕ »Ý ãѳÙÁÝÏÝ»É §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÇÝûñÝ»ßÝÁÉǦ (ÐüÐÆ), ϳé³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ù §àõñµ³Ý¦ ϳÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³ÙÇ ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:

While the aforementioned individuals provided invaluable assistance to the team, the authors are solely responsible for the report. The statements herein are the authors' alone and not necessarily the views of Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), governmental agencies or the Urban Foundation for Sustainable Development.

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

Ü»ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ

Introduction

§Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÆÝûñÝ»ÛßÝÁɦ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³ÙÁ ÷áñÓáõÙ ¿ ëï»ÕÍ»É íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ ¨ ѳٻٳï»ÉÇ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: ¸³ ϳï³ñíáõÙ ¿ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»Éáõ ÙÇçáóáí` Ýå³ï³Ï áõݻݳÉáí Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ »ñÏñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ áñáᯐ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÃÇíÁ:

Habitat for Humanity seeks to generate reliable and comparable information on the global housing policy environment. The organization seeks to do so by collecting housing policy data in a large number of countries on a regular basis to determine a Housing Policy Index for each country.

г۳ëï³Ýáõ٠ѳí³ùí»É »Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÝ· áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí. ·áõÛù³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ é»ÅÇÙ, µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý é»ÅÇÙ, µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ëáõµëǹdzݻñÇ é»ÅÇÙ, »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ¨ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ϳñ·³íáñÙ³Ý é»ÅÇÙ: ì»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõ٠ѳßí³ñÏí»É ¿ г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÃÇíÁ:

The data are collected in Armenia in five sections - the Property Rights Regime, the Housing Finance Regime, the Housing Subsidies Regime, the Residential Infrastructure and the Regulatory Regime - and an index score was generated from the analyses. Although the index is yet to be published alongside those of other countries, the process already undertaken to generate data lends itself to the development of a narrative report.

²é³ç³ñÏíáÕ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýϳñ³·ñ³Ï³Ý ½»ÏáõÛó ¿ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: ²ÛÝ Ï³ï³ñí»É ¿ §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÆÝûñÝ»ÛßÝÁɦ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³ÙÇ` ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Çݹ»ùëÇ Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳٳÑáõÝã: лﳽáïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Ý»ñϳ۳óíáõÙ ¿ áÉáñïÇ Ý»ñϳ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ, Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÝ áõ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÁ, áñáÝù ³½¹áõÙ »Ý г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ å³ïß³× µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý áõݻݳÉáõ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³, µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïíáõÙ »Ý »ñÏñáõÙ ³éϳ ³ÛÝ ³Ý³å³Ñáí ËÙµ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ѳٳñ å³ïß³× µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý áõݻݳÉÁ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ã¿, áñáßíáõÙ ¿, û µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÝ· áÉáñïÝ»ñÁ ÇÝãå»±ë »Ý ³½¹áõÙ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý áõݻݳÉáõ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³, í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ »ÝóñÏíáõ٠ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ ë»ÏïáñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ` Ýå³ï³Ï áõݻݳÉáí µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É É³í³·áõÛÝ ÷áñÓÁ ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³Û¹ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÁݹɳÛÝÙ³Ý ¨ í»ñëïÇÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:

The proposed study is a narrative report on the housing sector of Armenia framed around the methodology of Habitat for Humanity International's global Housing Policy Index, which analyzes the current context and the policies and environment that affect access to adequate housing in Armenia; identifies the vulnerable groups in the country that lack access to adequate housing and determines how their access is affected by the five policy areas; and reviews the activities of government, international agencies and the private sector to identify good practices and opportunities for scaling up or replicating programs.

àõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç û·ï³·áñÍí³Í »Ý 2009à ÑáõÝí³ñÇ 31Ç ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³éϳ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ:

Data used in the study are as of December 31, 2009.

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

7

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ

Armenia Housing Study

(ѳٳéáï µáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ)

(Executive Summary)

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ Ý»ñϳ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ íñ³ Ù»Í ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý ÃáÕ»É 1980-³Ï³Ý Ãí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñçÇ ¨ 1990-³Ï³Ý Ãí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëϽµÇ È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ ßáõñç ͳ·³Í ѳϳٳñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí Ùáï 350,000 µéÝÇ ï»Õ³Ñ³Ýí³Í ÷³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ Ý»ñ·³ÕûóÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ 1988Ã. г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÁ óÝó³Í ³í»ñÇã »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÁ, áñÁ ѳÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáÝ¹Ç 17 ïáÏáëÁ ¹³ñÓñ»ó µÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ áã åÇï³ÝÇ: Æ ÉñáõÙÝ ³Û¹ ³Ù»ÝÇ` г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ÏïñáõÏ Ýí³½»ó µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ (³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ):

The housing situation in Armenia was influenced largely by the conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno Karabagh in the late 1980s and early 1990s, forcing the influx of an estimated 350,000 refugees and in 1988, a devastating earthquake in the northern regions of Armenia rendered about 17 percent of the nation's housing stock uninhabitable. In addition, Armenia experienced a production decline in its housing sector. Other major problems were deteriorating housing stock (apart from those caused by the earthquake) and the households designated as underhoused (2, 11, 16, 22, 23, 28, 48, 56).

ØÛáõë ÑÇÙݳËݹÇñÝ»ñÝ ¿ÇÝ ³ÝÁݹѳï í³ïóñ³óáÕ µÝ³ÏýáݹÁ (Ç ÉñáõÙÝ ³ÛÝ ß»Ýù»ñÇ, áñáÝó íÇ׳ÏÁ í³ïóñ³ó»É ¿ñ »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí) ¨ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ï³ñÇù áõÝ»óáÕ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ³×Á (2, 11, 16, 22, 23, 28, 48, 56): ì»ñáÑÇßÛ³É Ù³ñï³Ññ³í»ñÝ»ñÁ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ëïÇå»óÇÝ µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïáõÙ: 1989Ã. ÙÇÝ㨠³Ûëûñ ÁݹáõÝí»É »Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñ, »Ýóûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ïï»ñ ¨ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù áõÕÕí³Í ¿ÇÝ »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ³Ýûè³Ý Ùݳó³Í, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ÷³Ëëï³Ï³Ý ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ, ·áõÛù³ÛÇÝ ¨ ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ýáݳϳñ·Ù³ÝÁ, å»ï³Ï³Ý ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³óáÕ µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÝ ³ÛÝï»Õ ·ñ³Ýóí³Í í³ñӳϳÉÝ»ñÇÝ ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùáí ïñ³Ù³¹ñÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ ËóÝÙ³ÝÁ (ÙÇÝ㨠2000Ã. г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³ÏýáÝ¹Ç 96 ïáÏáëÁ Ù³ëݳíáñ»óí³Í ¿ñ), ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í µÝ³ÏýáÝ¹Ç Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ¨ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³ÝÁ, ÇÝùݳϳ٠߻Ýù»ñÇ, ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÇÝùݳϳ٠½³íÃ³Í ÑáÕÇ ûñÇݳϳݳóÙ³Ý ¨ ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý ³ñ³·³óÙ³ÝÁ, г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý ßáõϳÛÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ËóÝÙ³ÝÁ ¨ ÙÇçÇÝ »Ï³Ùáõï áõÝ»óáÕ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ (1, 2,11, 16, 22, 28, 52, 53, 55): 8

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

The aforementioned challenges forced the government to undertake reforms in the housing sector. Since 1989, a number of laws, regulations and strategies have been adopted to handle the shelter problems of earthquake-displaced and refugee households; to regulate property and land relationships; to boost privatization of state-owned apartments to the registered tenants (by 2000, 96 percent of Armenia's housing stock was privatized); to introduce marketbased housing management and maintenance systems; to expedite the legalization and registration of “unauthorized buildings and unauthorized land occupation”; to promote the development of a housing finance market in Armenia; and to solve housing problems of the middleincome population. (1, 2,11, 16, 22, 28, 52, 53, 55): Problems in Armenia's housing sector. The government of Armenia has not yet developed a

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ: г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹»é¨ë ãÇ Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É Çñ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³½·³ÛÇÝ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ñ÷³Ï é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ù߳ϻÉáõ ¨ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ µáÉáñ ËÁݹÇñÝ»ñÝ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ÉáõÍ»Éáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáݹÁ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ í³ïóñ³Ý³É í³ï å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý å³ï׳éáí: ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ØÇáõÃÛ³Ý ÷Éáõ½áõÙÇó Ñ»ïá ³ÝóáõÙÁ ß»Ýù»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ýáñ ѳٳϳñ·ÇÝ ¹»é¨ë ³ÛÝù³Ý ¿É ѳñà ãÇ ÁÝóÝáõÙ: âÝ³Û³Í Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ù»Ý³Ï³ñ¨áñ ³é³çݳѻñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ß³ñùáõÙ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ »Ý ÙÝ³É µ³½Ù³µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ¨ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇÝ ³ç³Ïó»ÉÁ` µ³½Ù³µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñáõÙ ÏáÙáõÝ³É »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÁ µ³ñ»É³í»ÉÁ ¨ ÏáÙáõÝ³É Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³ÑëÏ»ÉÁ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ, Áëï áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ѳٳïÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙdzÛÝ 20 ïáÏáëÝ ¿ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ·áñÍáõÙ: ÐÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ¹ñ³ å³ï׳éÝ»ñÇó »Ý ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñá·ëÁ Ïñ»Éáõ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ïáõóÙ³Ý í³ï áñ³ÏÁ, Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùݳϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñ ãϳï³ñ»ÉÁ, µ³½Ù³µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ß»ÝùÇ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ å³Ï³ëÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÝÇ ÃáõÛÉ Ï³é³í³ñã³Ï³Ý ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ä³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í áñ¨¿ Ù»Í ³ß˳ï³Ýù ݳ˳ӻéÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý ßñç³Ý³éáõ ýáݹ (§ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý ϳåÇï³É¦), áñÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ïñ³Ù³¹ñí»É ¹áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ³é¨ïñ³ÛÇÝ µ³ÝÏ»ñÇ Ï³Ù í³ñϳÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: ´³óÇ ³Û¹, å»ïù ¿ ³í»É³óíÇ ß»ÝùÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ»ñÇ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ ¨ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ¶áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ §ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ßÕó¦, áñÝ ³ñ·»Éù ¿ ѳݹÇë³ÝáõÙ µ³½Ù³µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³ÝÝ ³ç³Ïó»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ³ñï³ùÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ý»ñ·ñ³í»Éáõ ç³Ýù»ñÇÝ. ³ñï³ùÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý ß³ñáõÝ³Ï³Ï³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñ ϳñáÕ »Ý ÉÇÝ»É ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ µ³ÝÏ»ñÇ/í³ñϳÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ïñ³Ù³¹ñíáÕ »ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï í³ñÏ»ñÁ: ÜÙ³Ý í³ñÏ»ñ ëï³Ý³Éáõ ѳٳñ ûñ»ÝùÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ÙdzÛÝ ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ (³Ûë ¹»åùáõÙ` ÁݹѳÝáõñ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ) ·ñ³í: ê³Ï³ÛÝ ÁݹѳÝáõñ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý ³é³ç³ñÏí»É áñå»ë ·ñ³í ÙdzÛÝ ³ÛÝ ¹»åùáõÙ, »Ã» ·ñ³Ýóí³Í »Ý ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ Ï³¹³ëïñáõÙ ¨

comprehensive national housing strategy to address all housing problems effectively. Housing stock is deteriorating because of poor maintenance. Nineteen years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, transformation to a new housing management system still is not going smoothly. Although projects supporting the management and maintenance of apartment buildings, including upgrading communal infrastructure and monitoring communal services, are some of the most important priorities of the government, reportedly only 20 percent of registered condominiums are effective. This is due, in large part, to irresponsible owners not caring for common areas of buildings; poor service provision; a lack of competition; nonpayment of service fees by local governments; lack of knowledge of building residents; and weak managerial skills by the management body. A startup revolving fund (“seed funding”) by donor organizations, commercial banks, or credit organizations is needed to initiate any major activity connected with maintenance.

A crumbling Soviet-era apartment building. г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

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Additionally, homeowners' knowledge and capacity in building maintenance should be increased. There is a “problem chain” which impedes to attract external funds to support apartment building maintenance: receiving long-term loans from banks or credit organizations - an ongoing source of external funding - requires collateral in the form of real estate (in this case common share ownership of multiunit buildings). For apartments, common areas can be offered as collateral only if they are registered in the real estate cadastre and have an issued ownership title. Such registration currently is impossible because of, firstly, absence of building inventory and secondly, drawbacks of acting legislation (3, 6, 7, 11, 16, 20, 22, 28, 31, 34, 37, 41, 51, 54, 55).

Tavush was affected bordering community

áõÝ»Ý ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ÙdzíáñÇ ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÇ ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý íϳ۳ϳÝ: ²Û¹åÇëÇ ·ñ³ÝóáõÙÝ ³Ûëûñ Ñݳñ³íáñ 㿠ݳË` ß»Ýù»ñÇ ·áõÛù³·ñÙ³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ³éϳ ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ï׳éáí (3, 6, 7, 11, 16, 20, 22, 28, 31, 34, 37, 41, 51, 54, 55): γé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ¹áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã»Ý ¹³ñÓÝáõÙ ³Ýѳï³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ áÉáñïÇ µÝ³ÏýáÝ¹Ç å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý ËݹñÇÝ: ¸³ µ³ó³é³å»ë ³Ýѳï³Ï³Ý ïÝ»ñÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ»ñÇ å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ ¨ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáõÙ ¿ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é ųٳݳÏ` Ýñ³Ýó ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ: ²Ýѳï³Ï³Ý ïÝ»ñÇ µÝ³ÏýáÝ¹Ç µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý ¨ Ýáñ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ ѳïϳå»ë г۳ëï³ÝÇ »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ ·áïáõ ¨ ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñáõÙ (11, 28): ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ íï³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ, ³å³ ¹ñ³Ýù Ñ³×³Ë ³åûñÇÝÇ »Ý: ìï³ñí³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ãÇ ³å³Ñáííáõ٠ѳٳñÅ»ù ÷áËѳïáõóáõ٠ϳ٠í»ñ³µÝ³Ï»óáõÙ (49): г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³éϳ »Ý ³Ý³í³ñï µ³½Ù³ÃÇí µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ¸ñ³Ýó ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëÏëí»É ¿ ÙÇÝ㨠1991Ã. ¨ ¹³10

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

Maintenance of single-family housing stock is not given enough attention by the government or donor organizations. It is the sole responsibility of the owners, who maintain their house over time at their own expense. Single-family housing improvement and new construction are needed, especially in the rural areas of the earthquake zone and villages along the state border of Armenia (11, 28).

Evictions are often illegal and performed without proper compensation and resettlement (49).

There are many unfinished residential structures in Armenia. Construction on these structures started prior to 1991 and halted because funds dried up. Most of them are in the earthquake zone and Yerevan; the remaining units are scattered throughout the country. Most units within the unfinished buildings had already been allocated to households. Therefore, any policy that aims to complete these buildings must take into account the claims that those households might have on a particular unit (11, 28, 60).

Currently there are damaged buildings in Arme-

¹³ñ»É ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí: ²Û¹ ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ ·áïáõÙ ¨ ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ, Ùݳó³Í ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÁ óñí³Í »Ý »ñÏñáí Ù»Ï: ²Ý³í³ñï ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÝ ³ñ¹»Ý ѳïϳóí»É ¿ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ, ѻ勉µ³ñ ³Û¹ ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³í³ñïÇÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»ÉáõÝ áõÕÕí³Í ó³Ýϳó³Í ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ å»ïù ¿ ѳßíÇ ³éÝÇ ïíÛ³É ÙdzíáñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ áõÝ»ó³Í Ñݳñ³íáñ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ (11, 28, 60): Ü»ñϳÛáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³éϳ »Ý ß»Ýù»ñ, áñï»Õ µÝ³Ïí»ÉÁ ß³ï íï³Ý·³íáñ ¿, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ¹ñ³Ýù ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ÝáñÇó ¹³ñÓÝ»É µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ³Ùñ³óáõÙÇó/ϳåÇï³É í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙÇó Ñ»ïá: ²Û¹ ß»Ýù»ñÁ ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó ·Ý³Ñ³ïí»É »Ý áñå»ë III ³ëÇ׳ÝÇ íóñ³ÛÇÝ ¨ µÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ íï³Ý·³íáñ ß»Ýù»ñ: ²Ûë ϳñ·Ç ß»Ýù»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ·Ý³Éáí ³í»É³ÝáõÙ ¿ (28, 38, 58): ¸»é¨ë ³í³ñïÇÝ ãÇ Ñ³ëóí³Í ÇÝùݳϳ٠ϳéáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ, ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ 2003Ã. ÁݹáõÝí³Í §ÆÝùݳϳ٠ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÇÝùݳϳ٠½³íÃ³Í ÑáÕÇ ûñÇݳϳݳóÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ ûñ»ÝùÇó Ñ»ïá, áñÁ ÑÇÙù ¿ñ ͳé³ÛáõÙ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÇÝùݳϳ٠ϳéáõÛóÝ»ñ ßáõϳ ѳݻÉáõÝ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ¹»é¨ë ³éϳ »Ý ï³ëÝÛ³Ï Ñ³½³ñ³íáñ ÇÝùݳϳ٠ϳéáõÛóÝ»ñ, áñáÝù å»ïù ¿ ûñÇݳϳݳóí»Ý (11, 28, 60): âÝ³Û³Í Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñ»É³íÙ³ÝÁ ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÑÇ÷áûù³ÛÇÝ Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙÇ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³ÝÁ` µ³ÝÏ»ñÇ ÑÇ÷áûù³ÛÇÝ åáñïý»ÉÝ»ñÁ ß³ï ÷áùñ »Ý, Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ËÇëï, í³ñÏÇ Ù³ñÙ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ïÁ ϳñ×, ÇëÏ ïáÏáë³¹ñáõÛùÝ»ñÁ` ß³ï µ³ñÓñ (13-16 ïáÏáë): îñ³Ù³¹ñíáõÙ »Ý ÑÇٳϳÝáõÙ µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ ·ÝÙ³Ý ¨ í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý í³ñÏ»ñ: âÏ³Ý ÑÇ÷áûù³ÛÇÝ í³ñÏ»ñ, áñáÝù ïñ³Ù³¹ñíáõÙ »Ý ëáõµëǹ³íáñí³Í ïáÏáë³¹ñáõÛùÝ»ñáí: ¶Éáµ³É ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ׷ݳųÙÇ å³ï׳éáí Ù³ëݳíáñ ѳïí³ÍÇ í³ñϳíáñáõÙÁ ¹³Ý¹³Õ»É ¿, ÇëÏ µ³ÝÏ»ñÇ åáñïý»ÉÝ»ñÁ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ »Ý Ýí³½»É (11, 13,14, 18, 26, 27, 62): سëݳíáñ í³ñÓ³Ï³É³Ï³Ý ßáõÏ³Ý Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ ÷áùñ ¿: ì³ñӳϳÉíáÕ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í ѳïí³ÍÁ ³ÛÝ µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÝ »Ý, áñáÝù ÷á˳Ýóí»É »Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùݳϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÝ (ѳÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÙµáÕç µÝ³ÏýáÝ¹Ç 4 ïáÏáëÁ): âϳ í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ í³ñÓ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ: ì³ñÓ³ïáõÝ»ñÁ ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ »Ý í³ñÓÇ ãÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í ã³÷»ñ, ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ

nia that are too dangerous to live in, but which could be made habitable again after reinforcement, reconstruction or capital renovation. Such buildings are designated damage category III by the Armenian government and it is dangerous to live in them. The number of buildings in this category is increasing (28, 38, 58).

The registration process of these illegal structures is not yet finalized. The passage of the 2003 law “On Legalization of Unauthorized Buildings and Unauthorized Land Occupation” provided the basis for bringing the significant number of informal structures into the formal housing market, but there are still tens of thousands of illegal structures to be legalized (11, 28, 60).

Despite the improvements in the legal framework in housing finance and the testing of mortgage mechanisms in Armenia by international donors, the mortgage portfolio of banks is very small, with strict eligibility criteria, low maturity period and very high interest rates (13-16 percent). Loans mostly were allocated for housing purchase and renovation. There are no mortgages that are given at subsidized interest rates. Because of the global financial crisis, private sector crediting slowed down and the portfolios of banks decreased further (11, 13,14, 18, 26, 27, 62).

The sun sets behind the legendary Mount Ararat and Yerevan, the 2,790-year-old capital city of Armenia. г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

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The private rental market is relatively small. The largest category of rental units is those transferred to local governments (4 percent of housing stock). There is no rent control. Landlords set the rents themselves, and most private leases are concluded informally. Lease contracts are subject to notarization and state registration, which is expensive and not expedient for the many landlords who have to set low rents for housing (11, 28, 60).

Because of a lack of funds, there are no investment plans for urban expansion to accommodate population growth in the capital, Yerevan.

Mikaelyan Ara, Khachik village, Habitat partner family

áÉáñïáõÙ í³ñÓ³Ï³É³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñùÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ ¿: ì³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ûٳݳ·ñ»ñÁ »Ýóϳ »Ý Ýáï³ñ³Ï³Ý í³í»ñ³óÙ³Ý ¨ å»ï³Ï³Ý ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý, ÇÝãÁ µ³í³Ï³Ý ͳËë³ï³ñ ¿ ¨ Ó»éÝïáõ ã¿ ³ÛÝ í³ñÓ³ïáõÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáÝù ëïÇåí³Í »Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý ó³Íñ ·Ý»ñ (11, 28, 60): üÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ëÕáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí ãÏ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ Áݹ³ñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ åɳÝÝ»ñ Ù³Ûñ³ù³Õ³ù ºñ¨³ÝÇ ³×áÕ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ µÝ³Ï»óÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: Êáó»ÉÇ ËÙµ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ãϳ ÙdzëÝ³Ï³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: î³ñµ»ñ »Ýóûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ïï»ñáõÙ ¨ ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñáõÙ å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ñ³×³Ë ÏñÏÁÝíáõÙ »Ý: ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý 2008-2012ÃÃ. ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·ÇñÁ ѳïáõÏ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ¹³ñÓÝáõÙ »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ³Ýûè³Ý Ùݳó³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ, ÷³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ, ³é³Ýó ÍÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ËݳÙùÇ Ùݳó³Í »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ, ëáódzɳå»ë ³Ý³å³Ñáí »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ, ѳßٳݹ³ÙÝ»ñÇ ¨ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ß³ñÅáõÝ³Ï Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇÝ: ÐÐ ÄáÕáíñ¹³·ñ³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇ ó³ÝÏÁ Ý»ñ³éáõÙ ¿ 12

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

There is no unified government housing strategy for vulnerable groups. Commitments in various regulations and documents often overlap: The Armenian government's action plan for 2008-12 pays special attention to housing projects for earthquake-displaced, refugee households; children remaining without parental care; the socially vulnerable; newly formed young families; and people with disabilities or partial mobility.

The list of measures in the Republic of Armenia Demographic Policy Strategy includes development and implementation of targeted state projects on the provision of affordable housing for young families, vulnerable refugees, the elderly, etc. Based on separate laws and government decisions, 15 ad hoc projects have been implemented by the Armenian Ministry of Urban Development to support residents in apartment buildings subject to demolition; those deprived of housing because of the taking of land for state and community needs; internally displaced persons; residents in wooden houses in the zones prone to landslides and falling rock; children without parental care; families of dead soldiers; and victims of Stalinist repressions. Earthquakedisplaced households and households along the state border, mainly in rural areas, remain spe-

»ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ, ÷³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ, Í»ñ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ ³Ý³å³Ñáí ËÙµ»ñÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ å»ï³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ ¨ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ: ²é³ÝÓÇÝ ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñáí ¨ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áñáßáõÙÝ»ñáí ÐÐ ù³Õ³ù³ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óñ»É ¿ 15 Íñ³·ñ»ñ` ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³µ»ñ»Éáí ù³Ý¹Ù³Ý »Ýóϳ µ³½Ù³µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñÇ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇÝ, å»ï³Ï³Ý ¨ ѳٳÛÝù³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÑáÕ»ñÁ í»ñóÝ»Éáõ ѻ勉Ýùáí µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÇó ½ñÏí³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇÝ, Ý»ñùÇÝ ï»Õ³Ñ³Ýí³ÍÝ»ñÇÝ, ÷³Ûï» Ï³ó³ñ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ µÝ³ÏíáÕ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇÝ, ëáÕ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Ï³Ù Ã³÷íáÕ ù³ñ»ñÇ ·áïÇÝ»ñáõÙ µÝ³ÏíáÕ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇÝ, ³é³Ýó ÍÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ËݳÙùÇ Ùݳó³Í »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ, ½áÑí³Í ³½³ï³Ù³ñïÇÏÝ»ñÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇÝ, µéݳ¹³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇÝ: γé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ïáõÏ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ »Ý ·ïÝíáõÙ »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ³Ýûè³Ý Ùݳó³Í ¨ ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ, ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÁ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ ¹»é¨ë ѳ½³ñ³íáñ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ý µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñ (11, 23, 25, 30, 33, 38, 39, 48, 56, 57, 58): ²ÝϳËáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ñ»ïá µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ ÷áËѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳñ·³íáñ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí г۳ëï³ÝÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ó ß³ï ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñ ¨ »Ýóûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ïï»ñ: ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýë·ÇñùÁ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ñ ÙÇÝ㨠2005à ÝáÛ»Ùµ»ñÁ, áñÇó Ñ»ïá ÐÐ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÄáÕáíÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ó ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ýáñ ÷³Ã»Ã, áñáí ÝáõÛÝå»ë ãÉáõÍí»ó µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: Î³Ý ß³ï ÷áËѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ϳñ·³íáñí³Í ã»Ý ÐÐ ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ûñ»Ýë·ñùáí, §´³½Ù³µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ ¨ §Ð³Ù³ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇݦ ÐÐ ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñáí (ûñÇݳÏ` г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÁ` Ý»ñ³éÛ³É í³ñÓ³Ï³É³Ï³Ý ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý µ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ, §ëáódzɳå»ë ³Ý³å³Ñáí¦, §ëáódzɳϳݦ ¨ §Ù³ïã»ÉǦ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ѳëϳóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙÁ, ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙÁ, ϳñÇùÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹³µ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ, ѳßí³éÙ³Ý ¨ µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ÁñÙ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): Àëï ÐÐ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý` §ëáódzɳå»ë ³Ý³å³Ñáí¦ ï»ñÙÇÝÁ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿ ÐÐ Ùáï 140 Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñáõÙ, ¨ ³Ù»Ý ³Ý·³Ù û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿ ïíÛ³É Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃÇ Ñ³Ù³ï»ùëÇ ÇÙ³ëïáí (40 - 56):

cial concerns for the government. In addition, thousands of families are under housed (11, 23, 25, 30, 33, 38, 39, 48, 56, 57, 58).

Since independence, Armenia has adopted many laws and regulations (see detailed legal analysis in Annex 1) that govern the housing relationships. “Housing Code of the RoA” was in force until November 2005, after which a new legislative package was adopted by the National Assembly of Armenia, which doesn't close the gap in the housing legislation. There are a lot of relationships that are not regulated by the Civil Code or the laws “On Management of Multiapartment Building” or “On Condominiums,” such as the establishment of social housing systems in Armenia, including the social rental housing sector; a provision for the definition of “socially vulnerable,” “social” and “affordable” housing; assessment criteria definition; needs assessment methodology; criteria of registration and housing provisions; etc. According to the information provided by the Republic of Armenia's Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, n about 140 legal documents of the Republic of Armenia, the term “socially vulnerable” is specifically used to reflect the meaning of the context of a given legal document (40 – 56).

There is no national housing allowance scheme in Armenia, although the ministries of Urban Development and Labor and Social Affairs are considering this option.

Key legal problems in the field are the lack of housing strategy development and clear policy on state responsibilities to vulnerable groups; separation of responsibilities among state and local authorities; privatesector involvement in housing industry and finance; improvements of eviction, foreclosure and bankruptcy mechanisms to conduct legally transparent and sustainable г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

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г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ãϳ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ýå³ëïÝ»ñÇ ³½·³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·Çñ` ãÝ³Û³Í ÐÐ ù³Õ³ù³ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÐÐ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å³ñµ»ñ³µ³ñ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ »Ý ³Ûë ËݹÇñÁ:

transactions in real estate, including sales and other transfers of nonperforming loans; and the implementation and enforcement of acting laws and regulations.

àÉáñïÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÝ »Ý` µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ³Ý³å³Ñáí ËÙµ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñëï³Ï ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý, å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³Ýç³ïÙ³Ý, µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ Ù³ëݳíáñ ѳïí³ÍÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ý, íï³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ, µéݳ·³ÝÓáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¨ ëݳÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÁ, áñáÝó ϳñ·³íáñõÙÁ ÏÝå³ëïÇ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ï»ë³Ï»ïÇó ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ Ã³÷³ÝóÇÏ ¨ ϳÛáõÝ ·áñͳñùÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»ÉáõÝ, ³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ` ³éáõí³×³éùÇ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·í³Í (ã·áñÍáÕ) í³ñÏ»ñÇ ·áñͳñùÝ»ñÁ: Èñç³·áõÛÝ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñ ¿ ݳ¨ ÁݹáõÝí³Í ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÁ ¨ »Ýóûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ïï»ñÁ ·áñÍݳϳÝáõÙ ÏÇñ³é»Éáõ Ñëï³Ï ٻ˳ÝǽÙÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ:

The authors of this study tried to cover all housing problems in the country and provide recommendations to solve them. Recommendations are summarized and made by subfields to further facilitate activities of responsible authorities or interested parties (investors or donors, including international organizations).

лﳽáïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÁ ÷áñÓ»É »Ý Áݹ·ñÏ»É »ñÏñáõÙ ³éϳ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ µáÉáñ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»É ¹ñ³Ýó ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ²é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ¨ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý Áëï »Ýóµ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñÇ` ³í»ÉÇ Ñ»ßï³óÝ»Éáõ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, Çñ³í³ëáõ ϳ٠³ÛÉ Ñ»ï³ùñùñí³Í ³ÝÓ³Ýó ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ (Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñ, ¹áÝáñÝ»ñ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É` ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ):

Main recommendations Property rights Ensure and finalize registration of property rights: By the state, municipalities, legal and physin cal entities putting real estate into civil circulation and making it subject to property taxation.

To shared property of multiunit building. n To the apartments in the buildings under n construction (so-called “elite” buildings) thathave not yet passed final inspection.

ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¶áõù³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù ²å³Ñáí»É ¨ ³í³ñïÇÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»É ·áõÛùÇ Ýϳïٳٵ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³ÝóáõÙÁ. n å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý, ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ, Çñ³í³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý ¨ ýǽÇϳϳÝ

³ÝÓ³Ýó ÏáÕÙÇó` ¹ñ³Ýù (³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÁ) ¹Ý»Éáí ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¨ ¹³ñÓÝ»Éáí ·áõÛù³Ñ³ñÏáí ѳñÏÙ³Ý ûµÛ»Ïï, n µ³½Ù³µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ µ³ÅݳÛÇÝ ë»÷³Ï³-

ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ýϳïٳٵ, n ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ ß»Ýù»ñÇ (³Ûëå»ë Ïáã-

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г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

Sugiasyan Mihran Khachik village Habitat partner family

í³Í §¿ÉÇï³ñ¦ ß»Ýù»ñ) µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ, áñáÝù ¹»é¨ë ߳ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý ã»Ý ѳÝÓÝí»É ¨ ãáõÝ»Ý ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³í³ñïÇ ÷³ëï³·ñÙ³Ý ³Ïï: ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý áÉáñï n γÝáݳϳñ·»É µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý áÉáñïÁ

Housing finance n Regulate the housing finance sector to

ensure its viability without impeding its ability to meet a broad spectrum of housing needs. n Support the creation and development of

housing finance institutions.

¹ñ³ Ï»ÝëáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí` ³é³Ýó ËáãÁݹáï»Éáõ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÇ É³ÛÝ ëå»ÏïñÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ»Éáõ Ýñ³ ϳñáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ,

n Channel housing subsidies through, or in

n ²ç³Ïó»É µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõ-

come and location (urban, rural) to identify and define market segments and the volume of finance required by each segment.

ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³ÝÁ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ, n ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ëáõµëǹdzݻñÁ áõÕÕáñ¹»É ϳ٠¹ñ³Ýù

÷áËϳå³Ïó»É µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï, n àñáᯐ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ Áëï

»Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ ¨ Áëï µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÇ` µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»Éáõ ¨ ë³ÑٳݻÉáõ ѳٳñ ßáõϳÛÇ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ѳïí³ÍÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý ã³÷Á, n гÛïݳµ»ñ»É í³ñϳïáõÝ»ñÇ í³ñϳÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ýáñ ³Õ-

µÛáõñÝ»ñ ¨ ³Û¹ ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ ×ÏáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ýáñ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, n àñáᯐ åáï»ÝóÇ³É å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÇ ¨ ³éϳ ³é³ç³ñÏÇ ÙÇç¨

conjunction with, housing finance. n Determine effective housing demand by in-

n Find out sources of lenders' funds and the

elasticity of these sources. n Determine the gap between potential de-

mand and current supply for each market segment. n Develop adequate mortgage and housing sa-

ving products. n Provide mortgages for vulnerable house-

holds with subsidized interest rates.

»Õ³Í ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ßáõϳÛÇ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ѳïí³ÍÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, n Øß³Ï»É Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ÑÇ÷áûù³ÛÇÝ ¨ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ

ËݳÛáÕ³Ï³Ý åñá¹áõÏï: n îñ³Ù³¹ñ»É ÑÇ÷áûù³ÛÇÝ í³ñÏ»ñ ³Ý³å³Ñáí ÁÝï³ÝÇù-

Ý»ñÇÝ` ëáõµëǹ³íáñí³Í ïáÏáë³¹ñáõÛùÝ»ñáí: ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ëáõµëǹdzݻñ n êï»ÕÍ»É ³é³ç³ñÏÇ ëáõµëǹ³íáñÙ³ÝÁ Ýå³ëïáÕ Ñ³Ù³-

å³ï³ëË³Ý Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ¹³ßï: n ػͳóÝ»É µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÁ Ý߳ݳ-

ÏáõÙ ¿ ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ ѳïϳóÝ»É µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñÇ/ïÝ»ñÇ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: n ػͳóÝ»É Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ϳéáõó»Éáí ¿Å³Ý µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý-

Ý»ñ ϳ٠ѳٳÉñ»Éáí µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÁ:

Housing subsidies n Create the necessary legal and regulatory

frameworks to support supply-side subsidies. n Increase housing production, which means

directing more resources to residential construction. n Increase affordability by building low-cost

housing or by supplementing housing expenditures. n Improve housing conditions by supporting re-

habilitation or new construction. n Establish legal mechanisms for construction

of affordable, economical and safe housing г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

15

´³ñ»É³í»É µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ` ³ç³Ïó»Éáí µÝ³n ϳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³ÝÁ ¨ Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: êï»ÕÍ»É Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ٻ˳ÝǽÙÝ»ñ ³Ý³å³Ñáí ËÙµ»ñÇ Ñ³n Ù³ñ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ, ËݳÛáÕ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³å³Ñáí µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ ϳéáõó»Éáõ ѳٳñ: γñ¨áñ ¿ Çñ³í³µ³Ýáñ»Ý ѳëï³ï»É ³Û¹ µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý §×³Ý³å³ñѳÛÇÝ ù³ñ﻽Á¦` ëÏë³Í ݳ˳·Í³-ݳ˳ѳßí³ÛÇÝ ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇó, ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝÇó, ѳïáõÏ ßÇݳÝÛáõûñ (¿Å³Ý, áã ëï³Ý¹³ñï) ¨ ϳٳíáñ ³ß˳ïáõÅ û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáõó, ³Û¹ µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³Ýí׳ñ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ½ÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³å³Ñáí»Éáõó (³Ý³å³Ñáí ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÝÙ³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ å»ïù ¿ Ù³ïáõóíÇ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó) ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: ºÝóϳéáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñ Øß³Ï»É é³½Ù³í³ñ³Ï³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙ Ïáßï Ï»Ýó³Õ³ÛÇÝ Ã³n ÷áÝÝ»ñÇ áÉáñïáõÙ (ѳۻó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ, ³ÛÉ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ³Ïï»ñÇ ¨ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ϳÝáݳϳñ·»ñÇ ÁݹáõÝáõÙ): ÐÇÙÝ»É Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ í³ñϳíáñÙ³Ý Ï³Ù Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù³ÛÇÝ n å³ñï³ïáÙë»ñÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñëï³Ï ٻ˳ÝǽÙÝ»ñ: Øß³Ï»É é³½Ù³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕà ųٳݳϳíáñ n µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¨ µ³ñ»É³í»É ¹ñ³Ýó »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÁ: Øß³Ï»É ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÇ Áݹ³ñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý Ï³åÇn ï³É Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·ñ»ñ ³×áÕ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ×Çßï ï»Õ³µ³ßËÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ϳñ·³íáñáõÙ àõŻճóÝ»É ·áïdzíáñÙ³Ý ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ n µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÇ ßñç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ` ÑáÕ»ñÁ ׳Ñ׳óáõÙÇó ¨ ï³ñ³ï»ë³Ï íï³Ý·Ý»ñÇó å³ßïå³Ý»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ´³ñ»É³í»É ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¨ åɳݳíáñÙ³Ý ³ßn ˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ µáÉáñ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙ: ÐÇÙÝ»É ³½·³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³ßÇÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³¹³ëïñ: n ´³ñ»É³í»É ù³Õ³ù³ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÇ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ¹³ßïÁ: n 16

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

for vulnerable groups. It is important legally to approve a “road map” of construction for such houses starting from design-drawing, construction permission documents, use of special construction materials (low-cost, nonstandard) and volunteer labor, providing technical inspection for these houses free of charge (this service to the “socially vulnerable” should be provided by the local authorities).

Residential infrastructure n Develop a strategic approach to solid waste

management (acceptance of concept papers, laws, other legislative acts, and local government ordinances). n Establish clear mechanisms for municipal bor-

rowing or the issuance of municipal bonds. n Develop a policy document and upgrade

infrastructure in informal settlements. n Develop capital investment plans for urban ex-

pansion to accommodate population growth.

Regulatory regime n Strengthen zoning legislation to protect wet-

lands and endangered species near urban areas. n Improve spatial development and planning

activities in all communities. n Deploy the national urban cadastre. n Improve the legal and regulatory framework

for urban development.

гí»Éí³ÍÝ»ñ Annexes 1

Table 1: Tenure Distribution in 1989 and in 1993 ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 1. ´Ý³ÏýáÝ¹Ç ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·áõÙÁ 1989 ¨ 1993ÃÃ.

Housing stock ´Ý³ÏýáݹÁ

Forms of housing tenure ´Ý³ÏýáÝ¹Ç ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁ Total Àݹ³Ù.

Years / î³ñÇÝ»ñ

Urban ø³Õ³ù.

Rural ¶ÛáõÕ.

1989

1993

1989

1993

1989

1993

Total housing stock

100

100

100

100

100

100

ÀݹÑ. µÝ³Ïýáݹ Local city council

44.8

42.1

66.4

63.7

1.2

1.1

-

3.4

-

-

-

9.9

State-owned (central budget) ä»ï³Ï³Ý ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ (å»ïµÛáõç»)

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.9

0.6

Self-sustaining organizations and enterprises

7.1

2.6

4.7

2.9

12.1

2.0

Public organizations àã å»ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-

Housing and construction cooperatives

4.4

4.4

6.5

6.6

-

-

´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ¨ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý Ïááå»ñ³ïÇíÝ»ñ Personal property of individuals ²ÝѳïÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ

43.1

47.0

21.9

26.4

85.7

86.4

î»Õ³Ï³Ý ù³ÕËáñÑáõñ¹Ý»ñ Village council ¶ÛáõÕËáñÑáõñ¹Ý»ñ

ÆÝùݳͳËë³Í³ÍÏíáÕ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¨ ÑÇÙݳñÏÝ»ñ

1

An Overview of Armenia's Reform: Housing and Urban Development Policy, 1989-1995, Steven Anlian and Irina Vanyan. г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

17

1

Table 2: Number of Housing Units Produced (thousands) ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 2. ²ñï³¹ñí³Í µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ (ѳ½³ñÝ»ñáí) Year/ î³ñÇ Total constructed apartments Àݹ. ϳéáõóí³Í µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ

15.4

16.6

14.5

10.3

17.8

20.9

4.2

4.2

3.0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

12.8

13.7

11.6

14.6

13.9

12.1

3.1

3.5

2.5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

By private individuals, at their own expense or using state credits ²Ýѳï³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ïÝ»ñ` ë»÷³Ï³Ý ϳ٠å»ï³Ï³Ý í³ñϳÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáí

2.5

2.9

2.9

4.7

3.4

8.8

1.1

0.7

0.5

Collective farms ÎáÉïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ

0.1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

State enterprises and organizations ä»ï³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳñÏÝ»ñ ¨ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Public organizations àã å»ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Housing cooperatives ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ïááå»ñ³ïÇíÝ»ñ

Source: State Statistics, Registration and Analysis Department, Republic of Armenia. ²ÕµÛáõñ. ÐÐ ìÇ×å»ï í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ Housing P rivatisation Tr end 1990-1999

Figure 1: Housing Privatisation Trend 1990 - 1999 ¶Í³å³ïÏ»ñ 1. ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳíáñ»óÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùÁ. 1990-1999ÃÃ.

12 0%

10 0% 95% 8 0%

96%

79% 67%

6 0%

62% 4 1%

4 0%

2 0% 2%

4%

6%

12%

0% Ye ar 1990

1

18

Year 19 91

Year 1992

Year 19 93

Year 1994

Year 19 95

Yea r 1996

Year 1997

Yea r 1998

Year 1999

An Overview of Armenia's Reform: Housing and Urban Development Policy, 1989-1995, Steven Anlian and Irina Vanyan г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

180000

Figure 2: Dynamics of Transactions' Quantity and Indicators of Activation in the Republic and 1 in Yerevan in 1998-2007

160000

140000

120000

100000

¶Í³å³ïÏ»ñ 2. 1998-2007ÃÃ. гÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ¨ ºñ¨³Ý ù³Õ³ùáõÙ ²¶ Ýϳïٳٵ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í ·áñͳñùÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý ¨ ³ÏïÇíáõÃÛáõÝÁ (ïáÏáë³ã³÷»ñáí) ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ѳٻٳïáõÃÛ³Ùµ

80000

60000

40000

20000

0

1998Ã

1999Ã

2000Ã

2001Ã

2002Ã

2003Ã

2004Ã

2005Ã

2006Ã

2007Ã

Republic

45317

44789

30228

44792

60874

71797

98345

122545

124568

155040

Yerevan

24633

22336

15711

21865

30168

35205

43688

59179

53934

59477

50% 45% 32%

40%

29%

35%

31%

25% 30% 20%

32%

0% -10%

30% 29%

24%

2%

10% -7%

23%

25%

5%

-17% -7%

Figure 3: Dynamics of Annual Increase of Market Average Prices for the Apartments and Dwelling Houses in Yerevan Comparing 1999-2007

-20% -30%

-30% -40%

1

1999Ã

2000Ã

2001Ã

2002Ã

2003Ã

2004Ã

2005Ã

2006Ã.

2007Ã

´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ Apartments

-30%

-7%

5%

35%

45%

32%

25%

29%

31%

´Ý³Ï»ÉÇ ïÝ»ñ Houses

-17%

-7%

2%

24%

32%

29%

23%

25%

30%

¶Í³å³ïÏ»ñ 3. 1999-2007ÃÃ. ѳٻٳïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ºñ¨³Ý ù³Õ³ùáõÙ µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ïÝ»ñÇ ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ ·Ý»ñÇ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ ³×Ù³Ý ß³ñÅÁÝóóÝ»ñÁ

RoA SCREC/ÐÐ ²¶ÎäΠг۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

19

Table 3: Republic of Armenia Housing Stock/ ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3. ÐÐ ´Ý³ÏýáݹÁ Total surface in thousands of square meters Àݹ. ٳϻñ»ëÁ ѳ½. ù³é. Ù»ïñ»ñáí Total

Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ

Percent of total

% ÀݹѳÝáõñÇó

Urban Percent of settlements urban areas ø³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ % ø³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³Ï³µÝ³Ï³í³Ûí³Ûñ»ñ ñ»ñÇó

¶ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñ

Percent of rural areas % ¶ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÇó

Rural areas

Yerevan ºñ¨³Ý

21,446.5

25.2

21,446.5

48

--

--

Aragatsotn ²ñ³·³ÍáïÝ

4,551.2

5.4

1,132.9

2.5

3,418.3

8.5

8,287.6

9.8

1,611.5

3.6

6,676.1

16.6

10,724.9

12.6

2,689.8

6.0

8,035.1

19.9

Gegharqunik ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇù

7,088.8

8.3

2,674.1

6.0

4,414.7

11.0

Lori ÈáéÇ

8,649.3

10.2

4,933.2

11

3,716.1

9.2

Kotayk Îáï³Ûù

6,409.2

7.5

3,267.5

7.3

3,141.7

7.8

Shirak ÞÇñ³Ï

7,765.1

9.1

3,179.8

7.1

4,585.3

11.4

Syunik êÛáõÝÇù

3,558.1

4.2

1,907.2

4.3

1,680.9

4.2

Vajots Dzor ì³Ûáó Òáñ

2,170.7

2.6

538.8

1.2

1,631.9

4.0

Tavush î³íáõß

4,303.8

5.1

13.27.8

3.0

2,976.0

7.4

Total Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ

84,985.2

100.0

44,709.1

100.0

26,996.0

100.0

Ararat

²ñ³ñ³ï Armavir ²ñÙ³íÇñ

Source: RoA National Statistical Service/²ÕµÛáõñ. ÐÐ ³½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ 20

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

Table 4: Types of Housing ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4. ´Ý³ÏýáÝ¹Ç ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁ Number of units by type of housing

Total

Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ Urban areas

ø³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñ Rural areas

¶ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñ

´Ý³Ï»ÉÇ ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÝ Áëï ïÇå»ñÇ

Total number of housing units

Multiunit buildings

Single-family houses

ÀݹѳÝáõñ µÝ³Ïýáݹ

´³½Ù³µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñ

²Ýѳï³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ïÝ»ñ

1989

2009

1989

2009

1989

2009

650,826

822,102

361,166

429,512

289,660

392,590

437,510

536,390

329,670

402,036

107,840

134,354

213,316

285,712

31,496

27,476

181,820

258,236

Sources: MoUD, RoA National Statistical Service ²ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñ. ÐÐ ù³Õ³ù³ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÐÐ ³½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ

Table 5: Breakdown of Building “Ages” ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 5. Þ»Ýù»ñÇ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·áõÙÝ Áëï §ï³ñÇùǦ Year of construction

ØÇÝ㨠1950

Number of constructed buildings γéáõóí³Í ß»Ýù»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ 2,734

60 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ¨ ³í»ÉÇ

Øáï 13 ïáÏáë

1951-1970

6,288

40-60 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý

Øáï 29 ïáÏáë

1971-1980

5,233

30-40 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý

Øáï 24 ïáÏáë

1981-1990

4,813

20-30 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý

Øáï 22 ïáÏáë

1991-2000

2,035

10-20 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý

364

8 - ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ¨ å³Ï³ë

Øáï 10 ïáÏáë Øáï 2 ïáÏáë

ÞÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñÇÝ

2001 – Çó Ñ»ïá

Age of the buildings Þ»Ýù»ñÇ ï³ñÇùÁ

Percentage of total % ÁݹѳÝáõñÇó

²ÕµÛáõñÁ. www.armstat.am

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

21

Table 6: Residential Buildings Put into Operation Based on Source of Funding ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 6. ޳ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ÝÓÝí³Í µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ß»Ýù»ñÁ` Áëï ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ Residential buildings, square meters total floor space ´Ý³Ï»ÉÇ ß»Ýù»ñ. ÁݹѳÝáõñ ٳϻñ»ëÁ ù³é. Ù»ïñ»ñáí 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

293,991

353,321

385,735

480,495

521,148

State budget ä»ïµÛáõç»

12,056

26,088

11,291

63,450

24,645

Humanitarian aid سñ¹³ëÇñ³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ

4,446

10,374

6,863

3,824

-

656

656

1,312

-

-

3,790

1,058

2,640

896

-

-

8,660

2,911

2,928

-

4,936

34,567

65,082

64,342

124,668

272,553

282,292

302,499

348,879

371,835

Republic of Armenia г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ Including at the expense of Ü»ñ³éÛ³É.

Of which àñÇó.

“Hayastan” All Armenian Fund §Ð³Û³ëï³Ý¦ ѳٳѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù U.N. زΠNRC ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ýáñí»·³Ï³Ý ËáñÑáõñ¹ Organization’s funds γ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Population’s funds ´Ý³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ

Source: www.armstat.am, Socioeconomic situation of Armenia as of August 2009 ²ÕµÛáõñ. www.armstat.am, г۳ëï³ÝÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ÏÁ 2009Ã. û·áëïáë ³Ùëí³ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ

22

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

Table 7: Breakdown of Unsheltered Households and Households in Need of Improved Housing Conditions in Armenia: ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 7. ²Ýûè³Ý ¨ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ï³ñÇù áõÝ»óáÕ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·áõÙÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ Total Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ -

Unsheltered households

-

²Ýûè³Ý ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ

66,023 30,000

-

Households in need to improve their housing conditions

-

´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ï³ñÇù áõÝ»óáÕ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ

1.

1.

Total number of households selected within the framework of state programs

-

Unsheltered households

ä»ï³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñáõÙ Áݹ·ñÏí³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ÃÇíÁ Including: Ü»ñ³éÛ³É.

-

²Ýûè³Ý ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ

-

Households in need to improve their housing conditions

36,023 16,000

15,000 1,000

-

´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ï³ñÇù áõÝ»óáÕ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ

2.

Unsheltered households included in the system of poverty family subsidy outside the state programs

2.

ä»ï³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇó ¹áõñë, ³Õù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý Ýå³ëïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áõÙ Áݹ·ñÏí³Í ³Ýûè³Ý ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ ÃÇíÁ

3.

3.

Households living in overpopulated apartments ¶»ñµÝ³Ï»óí³Í µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñáí ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ

33,110

4.

4.

Households living in dormitories

1,913

гÝñ³Ï³ó³ñ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ µÝ³ÏíáÕ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ

15,000

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

23

ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ Housing Provision by International Donors Table 8: Housing Construction in the Earthquake Zone ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 8. ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ ·áïáõÙ #

Donor company

¸áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Number of households receiving assistance ú·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³ó³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ ÃÇíÁ

USAID Earthquake Zone Recovery Program ²ØÜ Ø¼¶ ºñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ ·áïáõ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý Íñ³·Çñ Lincy Foundation ÈÇÝëÇ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù WB гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ µ³ÝÏ

52

Nonrefundable subsidy: completion of unfinished residential housing ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. ÏÇë³Ï³éáõÛó µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ïÝ»ñÇ ³í³ñïáõÙ Grant: new housing construction and reinforcement ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ß»Ýù»ñÇ ³Ùñ³óáõÙ Loan: new housing construction, reinforcement ì³ñÏ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ß»Ýù»ñÇ ³Ùñ³óáõÙ Grant: new housing construction ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ

60

Grant: new housing construction ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ

664

4,126

2,000 (about/Ùáï)

All Armenia Fund §Ð³Û³ëï³Ý¦ ѳٳѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù John and Karen Huntsman Foundation æáÝ ¨ ø³ñ»Ý гÝÃëÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù 2

UNHCR ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñó»ñáí زÎ-Ç ¶»ñ³·áõÛÝ Ñ³ÝÓݳϳï³ñÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï NRC ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ýáñí»·³Ï³Ý ËáñÑáõñ¹ UNHCR/NRC ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñó»ñáí زÎ-Ç ¶»ñ³·áõÛÝ Ñ³ÝÓݳϳï³ñÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ýáñí»·³Ï³Ý ËáñÑáõñ¹ OXFAM úøêü²Ø TOTAL/Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ

Type of assistance

ú·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³ÏÁ

3,362

567

250

13

Grant: new housing construction and completion of unfinished buildings ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ÏÇë³Ï³éáõÛó ß»Ýù»ñÇ ³í³ñïáõÙ Grant: new housing construction and completion of unfinished buildings ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÏÇë³Ï³éáõÛó ß»Ýù»ñÇ ³í³ñïáõÙ Grant: new housing construction ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ

Grant: new housing construction ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ 11,094

2 Part of the UNHCR housing projects was founded by the SDC

ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñó»ñáí زÎ-Ç ¶»ñ³·áõÛÝ Ñ³ÝÓݳϳï³ñÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ ýÇݳÝë³íáñí»É ¿ Þí»Ûó³ñdzÛÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¨ ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó:

24

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

Table 9: Housing Provision by International Donors in the Earthquake Zone ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 9. ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ ·áïáõÙ ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ #

1.

Donor company ¸áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ USAID Earthquake Zone Recovery Program ²ØÜ Ø¼¶ ºñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ ·áïáõ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý Íñ³·Çñ Including: Ý»ñ³éÛ³É.

Housing purchase certificates ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ ·ÝÙ³Ý íϳ۳·ñ»ñ Rural HIGs ¶ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñáõÙ µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý ¹ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑÝ»ñ Urban HIGs ø³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñáõÙ µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý ¹ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑÝ»ñ

2.

3.

4.

5.

Lincy Foundation ÈÇÝëÇ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù Including: Ü»ñ³éÛ³É.

Lincy II (ARC) ÈÇÝëÇ II (²ÎÊ) Lincy III ÈÇÝëÇ III World Bank гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ µ³ÝÏ All Armenia Fund §Ð³Û³ëï³Ý¦ ѳٳѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù John and Karen Huntsman Foundation æáÝ ¨ ø³ñ»Ý гÝÃëÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù

TOTAL

Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ`

Number of households receiving assistance

ú·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³ó³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ ÃÇíÁ

Type of assistance ú·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³ÏÁ

6,984

6,260

Nonrefundable subsidy: housing purchase from the market ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ: ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ ·ÝáõÙ ßáõϳÛÇó

664

Nonrefundable subsidy: completion of unfinished residential housing

¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. ÏÇë³Ï³éáõÛó µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ïÝ»ñÇ ³í³ñïáõÙ

60

4,126

Grants: individual and condominium – improving common areas and apartments of residential buildings ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. ³Ýѳï³Ï³Ý ¨ ѳٳïÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. µ³½Ù³µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñÇ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÁݹѳÝáõñ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ Grant: new housing construction and reinforcement ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ß»Ýù»ñÇ ³Ùñ³óáõÙ

451 3,675 2,000 (about/Ùáï)

Loan: new housing construction ì³ñÏ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ

28

Grant: new housing construction ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ

60

Grant: new housing construction ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ

13,198

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

25

Table 10: Housing Provided by International Donors for Refugees in Armenia ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 10. ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ÷³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ Donor company ¸áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ 1.

Number of households receiving assistance ú·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³ó³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ ÃÇíÁ

Type of assistance ú·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³ÏÁ

3

UNHCR ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñó»ñáí زÎ-Ç ¶»ñ³·áõÛÝ Ñ³ÝÓݳϳï³ñÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï

3,412

Including: Ý»ñ³éÛ³É.

Housing construction

´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ 3,362 Housing Purchase Certificates ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ ·ÝÙ³Ý íϳ۳·ñ»ñ 2.

3.

4.

5.

Norwegian Refugee Council ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ýáñí»·³Ï³Ý ËáñÑáõñ¹ UNHCR/NRC ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñó»ñáí زÎ-Ç ¶»ñ³·áõÛÝ Ñ³ÝÓݳϳï³ñÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ýáñí»·³Ï³Ý ËáñÑáõñ¹

50

Nonrefundable subsidy: housing purchase ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ: ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ ·ÝáõÙ ßáõϳÛÇó

567

Grant: new housing construction and completion of unfinished buildings ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ÏÇë³Ï³éáõÛó ß»Ýù»ñÇ ³í³ñïáõÙ Grant: new housing construction ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ

250

All Armenian Fund §Ð³Û³ëï³Ý¦ ѳٳѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù

24

OXFAM úøêü²Ø

13

TOTAL Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ`

26

Source: UNHCR г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

Grant: new housing construction

¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ

4,266

3 Part of the UNHCR housing projects was founded by the SDC. 4

Grant: new housing construction and completion of unfinished buildings ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ÏÇë³Ï³éáõÛó ß»Ýù»ñÇ ³í³ñïáõÙ

Grant: new housing construction ¸ñ³Ù³ßÝáñÑ. Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ 4

Table 11: Other Housing Programs by International Donors as of Jan. 1, 2009 ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 11. ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 2009Ã. ÑáõÝí³ñÇ 1-Ç ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ³ÛÉ Íñ³·ñ»ñ Donor company ¸áÝáñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ 1.

2.

3.

Number of households receiving assistance ú·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³ó³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ ÃÇíÁ

Type of assistance ú·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³ÏÁ Loan: new housing construction and completion of unfinished houses

HFHI/HFH Armenia §Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ÆÝûñÝ»ßÝÁɦ/§Ð³µÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ²ñÙ»Ýdz¦

550

KFW ¶»ñÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý µ³ÝÏ

928

Loan: housing purchase, renovation ì³ñÏ: µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ Ó»éùµ»ñáõÙ, í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ

200

Loan: completion of unfinished buildings and renovation ì³ñÏ: ÏÇë³Ï³éáõÛó ß»Ýù»ñÇ ³í³ñïáõÙ ¨ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ

USAID ²ØÜ Ø¼¶

TOTAL Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ`

ì³ñÏ: Ýáñ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ÏÇë³Ï³éáõÛó ³Ýѳï³Ï³Ý ïÝ»ñÇ ³í³ñïáõÙ

1,678

Figure 4: The Armenian Mortgage Market Development ¶Í³å³ïÏ»ñ 4. г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÑÇ÷áûù³ÛÇÝ ßáõϳÛÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙ

Source: CBA/GAF Reports ²ÕµÛáõñÁ. ÐРδ ¨ ¶ÐÀ ½»ÏáõÛóÝ»ñ г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

27

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28

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29

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30

50. GoAM Decision # 1625-N, Oct. 10, 2002 on Defining Mandatory Norms of Keeping Common Shared Ownership of MultiApartment Buildings. Oct. 23, 2002

г۳ëï³ÝÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Armenia Housing Study

57. www.armstat.am

59. www.habitat.org 60. www.cadastre.am 61. www.armstat.am 62. www.usaid.gov/locations/europe_eurasia/press /success/2008-04-09.html

Armenia §àõñµ³Ý¦ ϳÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù The Urban Foundation for Sustainable Development

гµÇóà ýáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ²ñÙ»Ýdz Habitat for Humanity Armenia

Armenia

The Urban Foundation for Sustainable Development

§àõñµ³Ý¦ ϳÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù ÐÐ, 0070 ºñ¨³Ý, ²É»ù سÝáõÏÛ³Ý 9 лé.` 374 10 512070/72 ü³ùë` 374 10 512076 ¾É. ÷áëï` ufsd@aua.am www.urbanfoundation.am www.civil.am

гµÇóà üáñ ÐÛáõÙ»ÝÇÃÇ ²ñÙ»Ýdz ÐÐ, 0010 ºñ¨³Ý, гÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý 62/47 лé.` (37410) 54 30 01 ü³ùë` (37410) 54 30 01 컵 ϳÛù` www.habitat.am ¾É. ÷áëï` info@habitat.am

The Urban Foundation for Sustainable Development 9 Alex Manoogyan, 0070 Yerevan, RA Tel.: 374 10 512070/72 Fax: 374 10 512076 E-mail: ufsd@aua.am www.urbanfoundation.am www.civil.am

Habitat for Humanity Armenia Hanrapetutyan 62/47; Yerevan 0010; Armenia Phone (37410) 54 30 01; Fax (37410) 54 30 01 Web page: www.habitat.am E-mail: info@habitat.am