Bringing Air, Light and Nature underground the subway station at Park Street, Boston

Imran Khan

Digitally signed by Imran Khan DN: C=US, E=ikhan@mparchitectsboston.com, O=Margulies Perruzzi, CN=Imran Khan Date: 2021.12.23 20:58:33-05'00'

“Peter Buchanan said that - urban design was essentially about place making, where places are not just a specific space, but all the activities and events that make it possible. This perspective explains that the urban space should be designed not only for the specific purpose but also for the various experiences within the space. The space can be used for many activities so it can be reminisced not just by the name of it but also by the moment when the event occurred. Many people will make a connection to the space by interacting and memorizing the personal or group experiences in it. Therefore, the space creates a place where it reflects the city from the past to the present day.”

- Peter Buchanan, The Rethinking Of Public Spaces Cultural Studies Essay.

Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/cultural-studies/the-rethinking-of-public-spaces-cultural-studies-essay.php?vref=1, See UKEssays. (November 2018).

1

TABLE OF CONTENT

Thesis Statement 4 - What - Why - How A design Framework 8 -Methods of Inquiry -Terms of Cri cism Site 9 - Neighborhood Context - Site Transforma on - Factors Affec ng Design - Site Plan - Roof Plan - Different Techniques used - Green Line Plan - Red Line Plan The Journey 20 - Green Line sec ons - Red Line sec ons - Exploded View - Material Strategies - Throwing light back to Boston Common at night - A place feels like a home during Winters - View from Boston Common towards Park Street Station - Presentation-drawings - Eleva ons -Red wing -Green wing Appendix 40 - Preliminary Design - Schema c Design - Design Development - Bibliography - Thesis Research

2

How detached the Underground Park Street Station looks like?

It’s because of the having different spatial qualities that relates to their own created environment and infrastructure.

3

THESIS STATEMENT

Bringing Air, Light and Nature to the Subterranean will help connect the subways to the Common Urban Space 4

ABSTRACT

“Su ubw wayy

Stattion ns aree not dessiggnedd for peooplle”

Urbaniza on allows economic and social development as well as an opportunity to improve the spaces of urban environment by a produc ve design.

One of the key func ons of a city is to enable exchange, interac on between people with nature. The underground subways are not connected to the city, and serves only one purpose of transporta on. A place where people can’t even take a pause.

WHAT?

This thesis argues the necessity for developing underground spaces within urban contexts, which will establish an alterna ve solu on for metropolitan design problems: physical quali es like hot smell, exposure to ar ficial light and darkness, mo on and s llness, and the tangible experience of being packed into ght spaces with strangers. It will frame Park Street Sta on less as a transit system than as a series of discrete - yet technologically interconnected public spaces.

This project will create a design framework for the subterranean public realm which leverages exis ng underground spaces, that contributes visual connec ons to the city. Currently the subways are not capitalizing on a significant relationship with the city itself. These physical quali es could poten ally cul vate spaces for social interac ons. By introducing different architectural elements that can benefiit the underground transit system where people can enjoy nature, interact with others, spread happiness and create memories while being on a con nuous journey.

Public spaces o en act as events and ac vi es around the city. Designated areas for art installa ons provide for the same purposes and can be used as an opportunity to transform people’s mood and the asthe c of the environment.

Junghwa Lee - Urban Subterranean Space: A link between a ground level public space and underground infrastructure https://scholarworks.rit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11057&context=theses Holly Bellocchio Durso -MIT https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/66801

5

NEED FOR REDEVELOPING THE SUBWAY LINES -

To value the poten al of a public space in urban context.

Because of the rapid growth of popula on and market sector, it is required to draw a future that can sustain the social features of the city.

To bring back the emo onal connec on of the subway users with the streets, pathways, parks, and the city.

To facilitate the intense growth of popula on at subway lines by crea ng a building connec ng exis ng routes.

The concept focuses on the spaces for social interac on and user experiences which improves the quality of life in urban environment.

A series of small, isolated pockets of public spaces that have the poten al to foster inclusive interac on or to reflect and reproduce social tensions, depending on how they are managed.

WHY?

UNDERGROUND SPACE Underground space has been separated from ground level city life. In addi on, it is treated as a non-habitable space which is used for u lity services, mechanical space, storage and transporta on in general. However, the need for open spaces in urban areas has increased, which also impacted underground space to be reconsidered as a part of urban development. The term Urban Underground Space (UUS) is defined as a space beneath urban areas which has a poten al to provide direct services to the city. The use of underground space is expected to increase in spa al dimensions, depth and architectural requirements also, it involves integra ng with above ground developments.

That creates an opportunity to connect the above and below ground within the designed space where all the ac vi es are going to take place in the favor exchanging not only user needs but experiences too.

Although ci es like Boston and New York have already started exploring underground spaces, its use is s ll limited in terms of quality and diversity. Most of them are exploited for the transporta on system, u lity services and parking lots.

Holly Bellocchio Durso -MIT https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/66801

6

A link between a ground-level public space and underground infrastructure Environmental quality plays a major role in physical development of people in a par cular area. Public spaces are not well designed hinder communal ac vi es and limit gatherings to only crowd genera on instead of human connec ons.

Underground spaces today are in most cases used for u litarian purposes; this can be due to the lack of nature. With this research we aim to find solu ons which form hidden connec ons to bring air and light, resul ng in usage beyond just needs.

STEPS TAKEN

HOW?

Air - An above ground level with openings to provide ven la on to improve the environment below ground. Using required plot area can specify a maximum number of of commuters to walk freely. A highly efficient envelope reduces energy loss and stabilizes the temperature. With the addi on of nature at the level of subway lines we can bring natural air to improve human comfort.

Light - Punctured openings to bring natural light into the subway lines ver cally from the top. Placing a curtain wall facade will help to let in a lot of natural light filtered through the interior of the building.

Nature -Crea ng green walls at the entrances under both the headhouses; Cu ng ground plane and bringing nature down to the green and red line connec ng all the trains, would give commuters a be er view of landscape at Boston Common.

Noise -The glass par ons not only create inten onal pauses but also a buffer zone between tracks and pla orms, this addresses one of the major issues we face with the subway sta ons : noise.

7

A DESIGN FRAMEWORK Establishing an iden ty is important in crea ng a public space.

The space should transfer a meaning to both users and the surrounding environments. Here the meaning is history, art, cultural ac vities and individual or group experiences which enhance the sense of a achment to the space and nature. In addi on, the public space needs to be iden fied by providing physical characteris cs including paths, edges, districts, nodes and landmarks.

Based on these principles, the framework for the successful urban public space can be established.

It is important to open the underground space and bring it into our daily ac vi es. By doing so, it helps to solidify the urban communi es and build a sustainable region. Adding nature and ar s c crea ons underground to cul vate a commonplace experience will help people connect with the space.

Methods of Inquiry: • • • •

Can underground urban public transportation as in a subway be redesigned to welcome natural light and nature?

Can the exis ng noise and air pollu on in the subway be decreased with a new design?

Can opening the underground to light and nature provide public mee ng and social gathering spaces for the community?

Can the designed space allow people to reach their intended destinations ?

Terms of Criticism: • • •

•

This study will explore how the underground space can contribute to light and environment by including the park to design new spaces.

The thesis did focus on minimizing the impact of noise in the background by using glass wall as the barrier.

We considered other aspects too, like placing art installa ons, and crea ng pause points to incorporate human interac ons that can ac vate the whole surrounding.

It will propose a subterranean public space which provides extra pla orms for the dynamic public realms. This thesis expects to make the subterranean public space a part of current urban design prac ce.

8

SITE

9

Conceptual Sketches

1. Evolving the shape above ground

2. Finding locations of green and red line trains

3. Connecting both lines to merge

4. Developing an intermediate level above the subway station

5. Puncturing the built space to bring natural light in

6. Covering them with skylights

10

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- Boston Common is surrounded by the Commercial and Residen al buildings.

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- The exchange of people through these subway sta ons will keep on increasing, because of the rich neighborhood.

- The greatest number of commuters in Park St neighborhood spend their me at Boston Common to exercise, interact and celebra ng fes vals.

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Chinato

11

SITE TRANSFORMATION

12

Factors affec ng design

Nega ve spaces

Subtrac ng the exis ng routes from direc onal massing created

Grouping them for easy movement

A module to segregate the traffic flow

Puncturing land to let natural light into the underground subway lines

Crea ng bridges to connect the built and the landscape below

13

Pa

Site Plan

th

Sl

op

ed

wa

y

lan

d

Bridges

Connecting bridges with the building to connect existing routes to the city

14

Bri dge

Ground Floor Plan

Bridges

The ground floor plan shows different ways of bringing light underground by punturing the ground

15

Bridge

e

dg

Bri

Roof Plan

e

Bridg

16

Different Techniques Used

Glass Floor is placed just above the Green Line Subway

Commercial Skylights above the connecting platforms

Triangular Skylights on top of Red Line Punctured Openings

Refer plan to see their location

17

Green Line Plan

Soil Sloped Land Interior space Skylights Rail Tracks

Green line in connection with the outdoor landscape will provide an open view for commuters to enjoy greenery while travelling

18

Red Line Plan

Soil Interior space Rail Tracks

Bringing light down to the red line through skylights

19

THE JOURNEY

20

SECTION A - Showing the play of water at the green line level to bring movement through nature

21

SECTION B - Green wall under the headhouse will help commuters to feel refreshed while wai ng for the trains

22

SECTION C - Excluding space from the ground floor to create openings to bring natural light in to red line

23

SECTION D - Sloping landscape at the green line will help people to connect outside during their journey

24

SECTION E - By providing triangular skylights at both ground floor and intermediate level will create a sense of connec on with the sky

25

SECTION F - Connected bridge, sloped land and skylight to ac vate the red line with the outside world

26

PRESENTATION DRAWINGS

27

Material Strategies

Used rustic concrete to protect it from underground subway fumes and outdoor street particles, clear glass for good vision during day and night, and wooden bridge as its weather-resistant that prevents rot, cracking, and splitting.

Exterior White Rus c Concrete

Wooden Bridge Kiln Dried Southern Yellow Pine S4S Lumber

Roof Thermoset EPDM Roof Membrane

Clear Glass

28

Throwing light back to Boston Common

By creating a connection through light from interior to the outside will reduce the chances of crime getting developed in Boston Common, additional street lights and other light fixtures will not be required with the design of this feature

29

During winter the space itself becomes a home for everyone to celebrate the festivities

30

View from Boston Common towards Park Street Station

31

1. People enjoying outdoor landscape at the green line pla orm

32

2. People trying to catch their trains from Park Street near the 2nd headhouse closer to green wall

33

3. 2nd techique being used here to remove noise by placing barriers between the transporta on system and the pla orm so they can take a pause to interact, stand under sunlight, and experience nature

34

4. Pu ng art installa ons for people to connect with the space

35

An intermediate space between green and red line sta on in connec on to Boston Common

At the entrance of the Park Street Sta on - The Headhouse

An exterior shot of taking the whole Boston Common down to the green and red subway lines

Red Line wing with the exterior connected bridges 36

Hide and Seek - A place where people enjoying the play of light coming from the ground level and the Boston Common

37

ELEVATIONS

38

Elevation A - Red Wing Roof - 15’-0”

GF - 0’-0”

Green - 22’-0”

Red - 37’-0”

Elevation B - Green Wing Roof - 15’-0” GF - 0’-0”

Green - 22’-0” Red - 37’-0”

39

APPENDIX

40

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

41

Bringing life under ground

“By reminding the past construction of trains and underground tunnels inspires me to bring new innovations to make the space livable for future which might can solve the imbalance of nature through changing topography.

To connect the existing landscape with the underground subway lines for easy movement for all kind of people, it is required to establish the functions. It will be the place full of natural light and nature which will remind them all of a shelther or a cave. Skylights will be added on a ground level creating seating for travellers so it can serve the purpose.”

42

The park street is covered with green space known as Boston Common where people come for walking, res ng, picnic, playing sports, and to celebrate fes vals like 4th July. So the Park Street Sta on is frequently used as the means of Transporta on by the majority of people.

So transforming the park into adding nature and light at the Urban context including the Underground T-sta on will add more life to the space itself. By integra ng the exis ng topography, extending the green space below the ground and introducing an Atrium to connect all the subterranean levels to allow natural light. Also, there will be Cafes, Work Sta ons, Restaurants, Art Gallery to make the space purposeful for the people who buys their Tickets to ride back home.

43

Introduction The aim of the project is crea ng one common urban space, combining the func ons of transporta on and social communica on. The referring area can be characterized by green pedestrian periphery connec ng underground metro sta on and Art Gallery.

They are structurally ed up in one urban square around the subway with Cafe, Food Court, Shops and the Boston Common Park. The Landscape will con nue to add value to all the Subterranean levels. This way on the one hand the metro sta on gets a lot of natural light and on the other the approach towards it is facilitated.

Aspiration To find out new ways of bringing light, air and nature underground for balancing the ra o of built vs open space. How future connec ons can be discovered and improved by focusing their poten al towards protec ng the future. Learning new terminologies and their meanings by introducing them to the world.

Main Goal -

Crea ng an urban ssue with metro sta on as a logical center Organizing of a transporta on junc on with bus stops, pedestrian zones and metro sta on Use of simple design with repea ng elements in different scale in order to get common sense To facilitate incoming and outgoing pedestrian traffic Organizing of all func ons with main priority – free, spacious area Bringing maximum natural light, air and nature inside the metro sta on 44

Methods of Inquiry • • • • •

ART + UNDERGROUND T-STATION

Cu ng urban sec on with the context of the city showcasing the problems.

Highlight the modern shi in the city by providing mul ple sec ons and solu ons to it.

Reprogramming all the ac vi es happening on the road and below ground.

Cri quing every case study to provide the crea ve take on future possibili es.

What are the different ways of connec ons and spaces that are hidden underground? Could an individual living space/ surrounding be wired up in a larger network?

Terms of Criticism The learning opportuni es offered by ci es exis ng layout and infrastructure could provide a strong jus fica on in favor. Study the impact of tall modern buildings with their flat eleva ons in the city will help to focus on the remaining nega ve spaces and landscape of the surface. The proposed sec ons will tend to improve the rela onship of built spaces in correspondence to the light, air and nature.

Rebuilt -

Tracks 4 (upper level - Green Line) 2 (lower level - Red Line) Opened : September 3, 1897 (upper level) March 23, 1912 (lower level) 1915, 1936, 1977-79, 1980s, 2004, 2012

Passengers FY2019

16,571 (weekday average boardings)

Construction History -

Overcrowding had been a problem at Park Street since the Main Line was routed through it, and did not improve when it reverted to streetcaronly opera ons. The problem worsened with the influx of passengers transferring at Park Street Under, as the only entrances to those pla orms were narrow staircases connec ng through the streetcar level.

45

Building Typology ART GALLERY + Shops + Food Court + Cafe + Restroom 180ft x 85 ft = 15300ftsq - Total Footprint

PROGRAM

A huge semi open space connec ng all the respec ve levels with the art gallery along the Trains will depict the story of unity in these modern era.

P A R K

S T

46

GREEN SPACE

47

CONCEPT SCHEMES MULTI-FUNCTIONAL OPENNESS GREEN SPACE

48

LIFE BETWEEEN BUILDINGS SEGREGATION CIRCULATION

49

SCHEMATIC DESIGN

50

UNDERSTANDING CAVES - CONCEPT

SHELTER - Job

FOOD- Grocery

ANIMALS - Retail

SKILLS- Museum The idea is to provide life underground with all the necessary items required for the survival of humans same like Cavers used to live. The Cavers Plaza will treat the commuters taking trains with light and greenery before reaching to their respec ve loca ons. Art museum along with the insider belt will be there to remember our ancestors and their roots.

Commuters will be able to work, shop and take a break by just buying a Ticket without leaving the MBTA Sta on. Retails shops, Cafes, Library and Museum will func on as the main hub for the people with a Conference rooms and Work sta on given for professionals to complete their work and mee ngs.

NATURAL RESOURCES -?

51

CAVER’S PLAZA - PROGRAM

CAVER’S PLAZA

PUBLIC SPACES

Headhouses Indoor Belt - Balcony Art Museum - Exhibition Natural Garden

Cafes Retail Shops Spa and Salon Library Art Gallery Medical Store Work Stations Conference Rooms Control Room- Utility Circulation Restrooms

OCCUPANTS/ROOM

SIZE

QUANTITY

TOTAL OCCUPANTS

v

E

TOTAL SF

100 200 250 20

1500 SF 3400 SF 3600 SF 600 SF

2 1 1 4

200 200 250 80

198 200 90 78

2 0 10 2

3000 SF 3400 SF 3600 SF 2400 SF

20 30 25 30 20 12 40 20 1 -

400 SF 800 SF 600 SF 700 SF 400 SF 100 SF 600 SF 200 SF 100 SF 2600 SF 300 SF

2 5 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 2

80 150 50 30 20 12 40 80 1 -

68 130 42 28 18 11 40 80 0 -

12 20 8 2 2 1 0 0 1 -

1600 SF 4000 SF 1200 SF 700 SF 400 SF 100 SF 600 SF 800 SF 100 SF 2600 SF 600 SF

-

500 SF 400 SF 260 SF 600 SF 280 SF

1 1 2 1 2

-

500 SF 400 SF 520 SF 600 SF 560 SF

1200 Occ.

25680SF

WIDTH LENGTH

SERVICES/ STAFF

Janitor’s Room HVAC / Mechanical Storage Room Quiet Space Restrooms

52

BLOCK DIAGRAM

HEADHOUSE INNER BELT

CAFE

RETAIL RESTROOM

ART MUSEUM

SITTING SPACE

WORKSTATION + CONF. ROOM

UTILITY

STORAGE

LIBRARY ART GALLERY

53

PENN STATION - PRECEDENT

FIG 1.0: https://maps-nyc.com/maps-new-york-city---nyc-rail/penn-station-nyc-map

FIG 2.0: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/30/opinion/penn-station-reborn.html

FIG 3.0: https://newyorkyimby.com/2021/01/governor-andrew-cuomo-announces-2021-agenda-to-improve-new-york-state-in frastructure.html

54

SHADOW STUDY - Winter

Morning - 8am

Morning - 10am

12pm

2pm

4pm

Morning - 10am

12pm

2pm

4pm

Summer

Morning - 8am

55

SITE ANALYSIS

SITE DIAGRAM

WALKWAY

MUSEUM, GARDEN

CAR MOVING TOWARDS Park St.

RETAIL, WORKSTATION

CAR MOVING OPP. TO Park St.

GREEN LINE + SITTING

INNER WALKWAY EXISTING ROADS

RED LINE + SITTING

56

Conceptual Program Diagram FIRST FLOOR (+2’- (-10’)) RETAIL

UTILI TY

RESTROOM

STAIRS

STAIRS

STAIRS

STAIRS

STAIRS

STAIRS

ENTRY HEADHOUSE

STAIRS

STAIRS

STAIRS

HEADHOUSE

STORAGE

CAFE

WORK-STATION + CONF. ROOM

LIBRARY

ENTRY HEADHOUSE

ART GALLERY

SKYLIGHT

MUSEUM + INNER BELT

GREEN LINE (-10- (-22’))

PLATFORM STAIRS

STAIRS STAIRS

STAIRS

STAIRS

STAIRS

STAIRS

PLATFORM

STAIRS

STAIRS

STAIRS

HEADHOUSE

GROUND FLOOR (+20’- (2’))

RED LINE (-22’- -37’)

PLATFORM

57

SITE SECTION

Boston Common

58

3D RENDERS

59

DESIGN DEVELOPEMENT

60

Bringing Light, Air and Nature to the Subterranean will help reconnecting the subways to the Common Urban Space

Peter Buchanan said that “urban design was essen ally about place making, where places are not just a specific space, but all the ac vi es and events that make it possible.

This perspec ve explains that the urban space should be designed not only for the specific purpose but also for the various experience within the space. The space can be used for mul ac vi es so it can be reminisced not just by the name of it but also by the moment when the event was occurred. Many people will make a connec on to the space by interac ng and memorizing the personal or group experience in it therefore, the space creates a place where it reflects the city from the past to the present day.

61

GOAL

CONCEPT DIAGRAMS

ABSTRACT Urbaniza on allows economic and social development as well as an opportunity to lessen the impact of consump on and produc on on the environment. The key func on of a city is to enable exchange, interac on and the combina on of people and ideas.

This thesis will argue how necessary it is to develop the subterranean spaces within the urban contexts which will establish an alterna ve solu on for metropolitan design problems. By inven ng new Architectural elements that can benefit underground transit system with a habitable surrounding.

This project will create a design framework for subterranean public space which leverages exis ng underground spaces, such as subway sta ons in Boston City’s , to create a space that contributes to its above ground environment. As currently the subways are neglec ng a significant rela onship with the City itself.

The result of this thesis is to design Sec ons of the subterranean common public space that provides a reconnec on of a transporta on network with the Common Urban Landscape by removing the earth surface.

These physical quali es have interested me towards the isolated areas of gatherings that have poten al to cul vate social interac on by facilitate the traffic flow at the pedestrian and Subway Sta ons.

62

POPULATION GROWTH

Need of Urban Planning and Design:

According to the World Urbaniza on Prospects report by the UN, 54% of the world’s popula on lives in urban areas and this worldwide movement of people from rural areas to urban will con nue to grow. The report states that by 2050, 66% of the 90

Proportion of total population (per cent)

80 70 60 50 40 30 20

- To Value the poten al of having a public space in Urban Context.

- By the rapid growth of urban popula on and economic market sector, it is required to draw the future that can sustain the social features of the city.

- To bring back the emo onal connec on to the subway users with the streets, boulevards, parks, squares, plazas, and water front.

- To facilitate the intense growth of popula on by crea ng a passage way leading to serenity.

- Urban design does not only improve the city form but also improves the quality of life in urban environment by connec ng people and places.

- The wide range of concept focuses on the social interac on with the space and user experierces.

2018

10 0 1950

1975

2000

2025

2050

UNDERGROUND SPACE -

FIG 1.0: https://population.un.org/wup/Country-Profiles/

Underground space has been considered as a space which is separated from ground environment. In addi on, it is treated as a non-habitable space which is used for u lity services, mechanical space, storage and transporta on in general. However, since the demands for extra spaces in urban have increased, the use of urban underground space has reconsidered as a part of urban development. The term Urban Underground Space (UUS) is defined as a space beneath urban areas which has a poten al to provide direct services to the city. The use of underground space is expected to increase in spa al dimensions, depth and architectural requirements also, it involves to integrate with above ground developments.

Based on the zip code survey of 2294 users, about one-third (32%) of people in the Common were Boston residents, one-third (30%) came from other towns in Massachuse s, and 37% were from out-of-state (including 14% tourists from other countries) FIG 2.0: Boston Common User Analysis (https://friendsofthepublicgarden.org/)

Although, some developed ci es already explored underground spaces, the use of underground is s ll limited in terms of quality and diversity. Most of them are exploited for the transporta on system and u lity services.

63

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Louvre Pyramid, by -Elizabeth Evitts Dickinson, Posted on -April 19, 2017 https://www.architectmagazine.com/awards/aia-awards/louvre-pyramid-the-folly-that-became-a-triumph_o “Research,” Main Station Stuttgart by Ingenhoven Architects, Germany https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15246-main-station-stuttgart-by-ingenhoven-architects “Cities Safer by Design”, Urban Design Recommendations for Healthier Cities, Fewer Traffic Fatalities, by -Ben Welle, Posted on -July 23, 2015 https://www.wri.org/research/cities-safer-design Percentage of population in Urban and Rural Areas, Source by -United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. https://population.un.org/wup/Country-Profiles/ Urban Subterranean Space: A link between a ground level public space and underground infrastructure, by -Junghwa Lee Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from (2018). https://scholarworks.rit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11057&context=theses Neighborhood Context, by -Boston planning and development agency, Map of Downtown Boston, last update 11/2016. http://www.bostonplans.org/3d-data-maps/gis-maps/neighborhood-maps Subway spaces as public places : politics and perceptions of Boston’s T, by -Durso, Holly Bellocchio Thesis (M.C.P.) -Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/66801

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Urban Design Reader, by -Matthew Carmona and Steve Tiesdell, First edition 2007 British Library Cataloging in Publication Data http://164.125.174.23:8080/lee/Matthew%20Carmona_Urban%20design%20reader.pdf Park User Analysis of the Boston Common: 2016 Consultant report by People, Places & Design Research Commissioned by Friends of the Public Garden Boston, MA https://friendsofthepublicgarden.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/PPDR_FOPG-Boston-Common-User-Study_FINAL.pdf Images Cited : https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/03/21/historic-photos-scollay-square-transformation/j4TsO4I9mrHHn48WfrDvcN/story.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Center_station_(MBTA) Website to create maps - Mapbox.com https://www.archdaily.com/882796/dominique-perraults-crystalline-glass-scheme-wins-competition-for-underground-multi-modal-hub-in-seoul/59fa309eb22e384533000262-dominique-perraults-crystalline-glass-scheme-wins-competition-for-underground-multimodal-hub-in-seoul-photo https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/reviews/fulton-center-1 https://architexturez.net/file/dest4193-jpg https://www.google.com/search?q=The+Louvre+pyramid+Paris+%E2%80%93+I.+M.+Pei&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS921US921&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMnaXCn__xAhUcKFkFHXKxDyYQ_AUoAnoECAEQBA&biw=1536&bih=754#imgrc=0R9TCcbdU-cWLM https://www.google.com/search?q=penn+station+new+york+plan&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi-henN7cP0AhXNqXIEHY43ALsQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=penn+station+new+york+plan&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoHCCMQ7wMQJzoFCAAQgAQ6BggAEAUQHjoGCAAQCBAeOgQIABAYUKUGWMANYNUPaABwAHgAgAFPiAH2ApIBATaYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=2xKoYf6rEM3TytMPju-A2As&bih=939&biw=1680&rlz=1C1ONGR_enUS969US969#imgrc=02A5Nff1JGY4xM

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THESIS RESEARCH ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH THESIS Instructor - Ian Taberner, AIA Name - Upasana Patel

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FIG 1.1 - Vastu Shilpa Sangath, https://architexturez.net/file/dest4193-jpg

Case Studies

Ahmedabad ni Gufa

- B.V.Doshi

Underground art gallery In this sec on, we can have some idea that how differently we can design buildings in future to be more interac ve with the natural light, species, and rainwater. Having requirements side by first we should always think about the ac vi es, and their connec ons. Form comes later, while crea ng new terminologies and inven ons have become the prime concern. Architecture can be anything, treat the design in a way to give/provide in return.

Every discovery develops within the sets of rules and limits we decide to mold in. Some mes we achieve the func on and lose the impact we wanted from the surrounding to react on.

FIG 1.2 - Vastu Shilpa Sangath - 2016 Internship

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Fulton Building NYC - Nicholas Grimshaw and James Carpenter Design Associates

Subway Station

It is an underground station which can be a good example to study future subways through sections.

Capturing natural light into those underground spaces where we cannot even imagine being alive.

Th ey decided to design an Oculus 120fth igh and 53ftdia meter wide to bring new change by considering the issue through urban revitalization.

Theirma in idea was to balance their infrastructure inside out. Thish uge installation refl ects daylight downward and through the building.

NORTH SOUTH SECTION

WEST(BROADWAY) ELEVATION

ROOF PLAN

GROUND LEVEL PLAN

FIG 2.1,2,3,4: https://www.archdaily.mx/mx/781071/centro-fulton-grimshaw/569572d4e58ecec280000109- fulton-center-grimshaw-first-floor-plan

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The Lowline NYC City - James Ramsey and Dan Barasch Project Type -Community , Cultural , Infrastructure , Planning Project Scope - Adap ve Reuse It’s the world’s first underground park inspired by the city’s highline project, the lowline seeks to redevelop the exis ng transit system below the ground including nature and light. It is designed 25’ below the Delancey Street where the Williamsburg Bridge trolley terminal is located.

That site was abandoned since the service was discon nued, and the highway above that ground is the NYC’s busiest, densely populated and least green neighborhood. One of the reasons to put the urban oasis below ground was to bring vision to life by channeling sunrays into the subterranean space for the community.

FIG 5.2 - https://www.archdaily.com/260327/disruptive-minds-james-ramsey-designer-of-the-lowline/1322627548-delancey-underground-004-1000x400?next_project=no

- SOLAR COLLECTION DISH Reflective parabola collects sunlight - TRACKING MECHANISM Follows the path of the sun throughout the year - HELIO TUBE Fiberoptic cable channel sunlight through the street to subterranean subway stations FIG 5.1 - https://www.landscapearchitecture.nz/landscape-architecture-aotearoa/2019/8/11/worlds-first-underground-park-planned

A system of remote skylights and fiber op c cables will capture sunlight from nearby roo ops and channel it onto the reflec ve surface of a distributor dish that will diffuse the natural light around the space. Through this technique, the light is 30 mes the intensity of unadulterated sunlight, more than enough to allow photosynthesis for the underground vegeta on.

- DOME Reflects and distributes channeled sunlight - GREEN SPACE Underground sunlight sustains plants, trees, and grass

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Annotated Bibliography New Frontiers in Urban Living - Underground Cities By John Endicott Publisher- AECOM, 2020, First Edi on How to endend the use of underground could contribute to a more sustainable form of urban developement.

It also draws your thinking towards crea ng posi ve interac ons - social, economics, environmental between the surface of the city and its subterranean dimensions.

It directs you to refine those methods of establishing new terms before experimen ng.

Boston in Transit - Steven Beaucher Publisher - Ward Maps, 2020, First Edi on Got to know the transit history of Boston and its first subway from Tremont street. Learned old techniques while designing the Trains, Hoursecars, Ferry. How can a gas leak can destroy and spread causes to the exis ng construc on. Found maps and routes of Trains with their sta ons. Cross sec on, and plans of Park street sta on 1898, and the connec on with the Boston garden, Market and the Church.

Beneath the Street of Boston - Joe McKendry Publisher - David R. Godine, 2005, First Edi on It talks about Traffic Problems during 1890s, shows the process of shi ing trasporta on from a trolley to a Train, also, explained the various Boston’s Transit systems like Cut and Cover Tunnel, Elevated Railway and Bridge, Underwater Tunnel and Deep - Bored - tunnel. It consist of construc on drawings of each stage with workers and ac vi es that explains the whole process from digging to the final design.

Underground - By David Macaulay Publisher - HMH Books, 1983, First Edi on Learned details that are present under the road, pathways and building. Provide specific postitions and measurements of the utilities like water, sewage etc. Designing should not be limited to making sculptures, bridges or buildings, but we can also come up with strategies to accomodate toxic things more systematically and underground with human needs.

It shows how to place and connect the manholes, fire hydrant, sewage profiles, storm drain system.

Change at Park Street under - Brian J. Cudahy Publisher - Stephen Greene Press, 1976, Second Prin ng Stories and learnings of Trains running underground.

Captured all the government tac cs and policies which they followed in past. Covered all the situa ons and concerns that they have faced during the inven ons of new manufacturing companies. More detailed study of different organisa ons and trains. Showcased train plans and sec ons with mesurements.

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SKETCHES

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CONCEPT MODELS

Perspec ve View of Subterranean Levels 1. An abstract model showing the playfulness of the topography, how can we change it in future according to requirements.

2. Connecting the above and below level through openings and skylights to bring light, air, and nature.

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Perspec ve View

An abstract model to understand the vertical movement between the subterranean levels, it can be lifts, ramps or escalators

Sec onal View

In section, it will cross the levels by entering the space free from all the utilities and systems

Top View

The holes can also be covered by skylights, placing windows, or plants below the ground to bring light and air

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