MSA·DfMA

ECO - MMUNITY GROUP 9

JIAWEI LIU SONCHUAN YANG YUCHENG DENG

CPU[ai] PS1 Submission

CONTENTS

01

Brief Development

02

Site Analysis

03 04

Client Brief Sustainable Goals User Needs

Districts Analysis Site Surrounding Night Walk around the site

05

Design Process

06

GAs

Precedent Analysis Precedents Analysis

Initial Conclusion DfMA Study from Precedents System Diagram

07

Massing Development Space Arrangements Circulation

Unit plans Site Plans Floor Plans Sections Elevations Axonometric Drawings DfMA and Construction Kit of Parts Riba Plan of Work Construction Process Overall Structure Walls Layers Construction Details

08

Environmental Strategy

09

MEP & Regulations

10

Individual Work

Drainage System Facade System Energy & Carbon Calculations Net-Carbon Strategies Environmental Test

MEP Floor MEP Room Regulations

Individual Sections Individual Conclusions

Connect MMU campus and students

Design an affordable accommodation for students

Creating inspiring learning and working space

Accommodation

DFMA Study Space

Our Brief • Students accommodation block should have 40-60 units as a baseline.

• The project should be designed in DfMA (Design for Manufacture and Assembly).

•

Use mass timber construction in the design process. It should be in line with current mass timber DfMA limitations in the UK, which is currently a maximum 8 storeys high.

• The process should minimize carbon emissions – as a response to climate emergency.

3

Design a building that follows MMU zero-carbon plan

Social Space

Create a space to work with students and residents

BRIEF DEVELOPMET

Create a space for students to gather and collaborate

CLINET BRIEF

01

Client Targets

Other industries

The chart shows the emission goal of European Union

The chart shows the emission goal of RIBA

The chart shows the emission goal of MMU

References: EU, (2018), Going climate-neutral by 2050 MMU, (2021), OUR ROUTE TO ZERO CARBON Carbon Management Plan 2020-2026, [online]Available at: https://www.mmu.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2021-07/Carbon-Management-Plan-2020-26_1.pdf RIBA, (2019) RIBA SUSTAINABLE OUTCOMES GUIDE UKGBC, (2021), UKGBC’s vision for a sustainable built environment is one that mitigates and adapts to climate change., [online]Available at: https://www.ukgbc.org/climate-change-2/ UN, (2015), THE 17 GOAL, [online]Available at: Shttps://sdgs.un.org/goals

4

BRIEF DEVELOPMET

Built environment

01 SUSTAINABLE GOALS

Carbon emissions (UK)

A large part of The 17 Goals proposed by the United Nations is for the sustainable development of the earth. RIBA explained the ways in which architects and architecture can contribute to supporting all seventeen UN SDGs In the UN Sustainable Development Goals in Practice (RIBA 2017). To achieve this goal, reducing carbon emissions is a necessary measure.

According to GBC, the construction industry’s carbon emissions account for 40% of the UK’s total carbon emissions. In response to this goal, the European Union, RIBA and MMU have all put forward corresponding goals to reduce the carbon emission. In order to make buildings less damaging to the environment, while responding to these goals, reducing the overall carbon emissions of the building is very important for this project.

General 100

100

80

Space

Students think the student housing right now is too expensive.

The security right now in student housing could be better.

60

40

40 100

0

60

0-60 Hours

60-90 0-60 Hours

90-110 60-90 Hours

90-110 ≥110 Hours Hours

5

5

5

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

2

≥110 Hours

40

5

2

5

1

20

1

1

4

0

5

100

100

4

80

80

3

60

60

2

40

40

20

20

120

60-90 Hours

90-110 Hours

Time students spend in the accommodation per week

96

0 Study zone

≥110 Hours

120

0 3 Cinema StudyPrivate zone Cinema Gym Private Gaming room dining area room diningzone area

2

0 Common Gym Gaming room zone

0

Common Study space room

Storage Study space space

Cinema room

Private dining area

Gym

Gaming zone

Common room

60

Individual Storage toilet space

Bedding Individual toilet

0 Bedding

French windows

40

Room space requirement 20

0 Study zone

72

80

1 Functional facilities requirement

1

0

120

1

2

96

72

100

4

3 0-60 Hours

5

Gym

Degree of demand(1~5)

Hours(h)

0

Social Space

20 80

Degree of demand(1~5)

20

Students want more social life when they live in accommodation.

Students require more and bigger social space (common room etc).

Social life

Affordable

Students require more study space (public area and private room).

Students want a bigger gym.

Social

80

60

USER NEEDS

Study space

SURVEY RESULTS

01

Security

0

Study space

Storage space

Individual toilet

Bedding

French windows

Big window

Doesn't matter

0

1 8 7 p e o p l e t a k e t h i s s u r v e y, 83.15% of them are postgraduate students.

The majority of students stay in there room 60 - 110 hours per week (65.73%) We found that students have a great demand for learning space and most of them spend a lot of time in the Doesn't accommodation.

French Bigwindows window Big Doesn't window matter matter Also they need some space for communication and entertainments.

1850

1850 22

60

00

00

5000 00

00

00

00 40

60

30

00

00

25

13

4000

3000

3000

General Study

32

32 00

00

22 00

28

60

00

28 00

16

15 00

1850

1850

13 00

1850 00

STUDY DEFINITION

12

USER NEEDS

01

Narrow Study

00

We found that students have a great demand for learning space and most of them spend a lot of time in the accommodation. Also they need some space for communication and entertainments.

Based on these, we can define the study in a different way.

6

Main Roads

SITE ANALYSIS

02 Secondary Roads

Site context

Student day-time foot path

7

Student night-time foot path

Student accoummadation

Site

Green space

University campus

University Library

Residential Area

Before the start of the project, all of the students from Atelier CPU[ai] made a file for site analysis compendium together.

Here is the link: https://stummuac.sharepoint. com/:b:/r/sites/grp-CPUai_atelier-STUDENT/ Shared%20Documents/YEAR_03%20 %5Band%5D%2005/Site%20Analysis%20 Compendium.pdf?csf=1&web=1&e=dtYGeZ

SITE SURROUNDING

02

Residents

Students

Vison

Close to the site

Cluster Student Accomadation

Good view MMU Brooks building and The Hulme Arch briage The Entrance faces MMU brooks building, create a conection

Residents flow didn't clash with the students

8

Leave space for student to come in

NIGHT WALK

02

9

We set off from the MMU library to the site at around 8:30 in the evening and took photos along the way. From the photos, we found that most of the roads along the way are relatively safe (good lighting and srrounded by student accommadations), but some roads do have small safety hazards (dark corners and blind spots)

Kingston University Town House Grafton Architects

The building’s colonnade extends the public space, turning the project into an inviting presence at street level. At the interior, voids and staircases link the various functions shaping a diverse experience where activities interweave.

The spatial solving of the opposing uses, a dance studio and a library, as well as the resulting dynamic. Execution, detailing and acoustics were also acknowledged, as was the environmental performance of the building.

Sou Fujimoto Architects This is a project by Sou Fujimoto. It has impressive balconys and roof gardens, which is of great reference value for us. Also, it is a timberstructure building, this also opens up the possibility of wood in high-rise buildings.

The roof garden uses stairs and ramp to creat the space, which is similar to our setback design.

03

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

Intended as a connection between the student population at Kingston University and the local community, the Town House establishes a new civic space that facilitates learning while encouraging collaboration and fostering a sense of belonging.

A woodscraper

SPACE EXPERIENCE In this part of our case study, we mainly focused on how interior space can collabrate with each other; What experiencer can people get when they in the space.

Connectivity of different spaces Brings together different user group Correspondence between internal and external spaces

10

Brock Commons Tallwood House Canadian practice Acton Ostry Architects Inc.

03

From the second picture, we can clearly see the connector between columns and the slab. The columns are prefabricated with timber and steel and the slab are cut into certain shapes. After this, they will be fixed with bolts.

DESIGN STRATEGY

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

Brock Commons Tallwood House is a student accommodation at the University of British Columbia. This is the tallest wood skyscraper in the world till this moment.

This is a typical case of DfMA. It took the first seven months to build the concrete base and another two months for assembling. Prefabricated components include floor slabs, columns, facades, etc.

In this part of our case study, we mainly focused on design strategy that could achieve 0-carbon target.

We found couple of way could help our design: DfMA Mass timber structure References:

High efficiency plant

naturally: wood, (2017), BROCK COMMONS TALLWOOD HOUSE CONSTRUCTION MODELLING naturally: wood, (2016), BROCK COMMONS TALLWOOD HOUSE DESIGN MODELLING

Natural ventilation

University of British Columbia, (2016), BROCK COMMONS TALL WOOD BUILDING INTRODUCTION

Solar energy

11

04

Here we use Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) as an example

Glue together

Process them into single panels

DFMA STUDY

Get the raw material from forest

Based on the analysis of precedents, we plan to use the non-volumetric DfMA method to build this building. The main principle is to transport raw materials to the factory, process them into parts in the factory, and finally process these parts into components of the building. Then ship them to the construction site for assembly.

Cut into small pieces

Place them crosswise

Assemble

12

Transport to the construction site

Combine with other materials to form a wall of the building

We decided to combine student accomadation with public study space to meet students' requirements. It also will create a linkage between the site and the university campus. Moreover, it can also achive building full year utilization.

Construction Method We decied to use Mass timber DfMA as our building construction stratage.

Therefore meets MMU 2030 zero carbon target and boost university brand identity.

Vegetation We want to use high efficiency plant as one of our passive design stratage, therefore good to reduce the emibodied carbon emission. Moreover, large vegetation is good for creating a wellcoming space for publice.

13

DESIGN STRATEGY

Public Study Space

04

Environmental goal

Zero carbon

Student living

Students’ needs Utilization ratio

Safety

Wellbeing

Distance to camps

SYSTEM DIAGRAM

04

MMU Estates

Survey Summer Gap

Passive design

High efficiency plant

Greenery Circulation

Clean energy

Liink with camps Social opportunities

View

DfMA Night walk Mass timber

Study space

Functional space

Other function

University Brand Identity Frendly to local residents

Variety of functional study spaces, mainly for learning, supplemented by the service industry.

Student dormitory, various room types, and consideration of lighting and greening, the disabled, etc.

The overall structure is prefabricated wooden pillar structure.

Modular production of upper living units.

14

The Sunpath

According to the previous analysis, there is a relatively short residential area in the northeast of our site. If our project is too high, it will surely steal a lot of sunlight from residential areas. Therefore, after calculation, we have selected an angle to ensure that the residential area can get sunlight at least for half the daytime for at least six months.

15

The site

Use the line of the sunlight to form a surface and project it to the site.

The height of the left part will not affect the solar gain of residence area.

Cut the box with two surface to ensure the residence area will not be affected.

Increase the height of left part to respond to the tall building on the opposite side

Remove a corner to show wellcome to the people on main road.

Remove the part behind to reduce the dark space inside the massing.

Move the tower to get a larger space.

Final massing

(Because of the limit of the sunlight. The floor area of the tower on this position is small. )

MASSING DEVELOPMENT

05

05

Quiet level

SPACE DIAGRAM

2 people shared ensuit

Learning Space

Roof Garden Work shop

Computer unit

Cleaners store

Circulation Public toliets

Cleaners store

3 people shared ensuit

Security office

Circulation

Practice room

Amazon Locker

Bin store

Obtain the volume of the comprehensive learning area and the student apartment from the previous space diagram to derive the volume.

Gym

Cafe

Studio Shop

Exihibition Space

Co-working Space

Bike store

Take the x-axis as privacy and y-axis as the noise level for spatial arrangement.

Laundry

Reception

Circulation

16

Public Realm

Lobby

Security Level

The solid line is the main flow, the dotted line is the interior circulation.

SPACE ARRANGEMENT

05

Upper Medlock Street

Accommodation

Bonsall St

Brooks

Bonsall Street

Princess Rd

Birchall Way

17

Upper Medlock St

Residential

According to massing and space demand, we simply arranged the location of the space. The Ground Floor is mainly for reception and some functional space for it is a more public than private space. Put the study space on one side and another side mainly for accommodation so that the circulation can be easily controlled.

7~8F The space under the roof is mainly used for mechanical equipment. And part of it serves as a roof garden

5F The fourth floor and above are almost all accommodation area.

4F

3F

2F

The second floor is also a mix of study and accommodation areas. The second floor has a distance from the upper accommodation area, so the discussion area will be arranged on this floor

1F

The first floor has a large area of study space and is close to the ground floor, so the music practice space will be placed here.

GF

18

The third floor has a smaller interior area due to the influence of the roof and is close to the accommodation area, so most of the space is given to study areas.

The Ground floor is mainly reception and some semi-open areas providing services for resident students, such as laundry room and gym.

CIRCULATION

6F

05

Studio Living Space : 36 square metres

19

16000 mm

18000 mm

6000 mm

6000 mm

6000 mm

6000 mm

2 bed En-suite Living Space : 20 square metres

3 bed En-suite

LIVING SPACE ARRANGEMENT

06

Living Space : 15 square metres

Bathroom

Bathroom

Bathroom

Bathtub Shower Private toliet

Shower Private toliet

Shower Private toliet

Kitchen

Kitchen

Kitchen

Cook station Private fridge

Shared cook station Dining table

Shared cook station Dining table Sofa

General

General

General

Work desk Double bed Balcony

Work desk Single bed Shared common room

Work desk Single bed Shared common room

Arrange the studio space; 2-3 people en-suit shared space, and private room unit according to the needs of privacy and shared space.

Based on the specific building interior space arrangement , arrange different types of units.

MASTER PLAN 1:500

06

20

25M 15M 5M 0

GF F1

F2

FLOOR PLANS 1:250

06

F3

F4 F5 F6

F7

ROOF 0

21

2.5M

7.5M

12.5M

SECTIONS

06 A

B

SECTION B

B

A

SECTION A

0

22

2.5M

7.5M

12.5M

ELEVATIONS

06

EAST

WEST

NORTH

SOUTH 0

23

3M

9M

15M

GF GF F1

F2 F3

F4 F5 F6

F7

ROOF 24

AXONOMETRIC VIEWS

06

25

Internal Finish

Internal Finish 2

CLT Columns

Steel Frame

Steel Frame 2

CLT Beams

Insulation

Plaster Board

CLT Beams 2

Clap Board

Waterproofer

Ceiling Finish

Floor Finish

Vapour Barrier

Clap Board 2

Decoration Clap Board 3

Reinforcement

Plant pot

KIT OF PARTS

Steel Linkers

07

Window Frames

Roof Finish

Drainage

Plant Pot

Glasss

Drainage

DFMA Decoration

26

Decoration

Windows

Roof Finish

0: Strategid Definition

1: Preparation & Brief

2: Concept Design

Programme

Identify project objectives, user, sustainability aspirations, and develop an initial project brief.

Examine site information and make recommendations for further information required.

Assemble project team and design responsibilities.

Revisit project objectives and prepare a brief.

Preparation of feasibility studies and options, for client to decide how to proceed.

Preparation of concept design, including outline proposal modules, framework, service systems and sustainability.

Review design responsibilities.

Preparation of a developed design, reviewed by project team, and presented to client. Review developed design with respects to primary project aims.

Planning

Establish project programme and write up draft contract with client and prefabrication contractors involved.

Prepare project roles.

Assemble full project team and disuss brief.

Agree on project programme and procurement strategy.

Sustainability Checkpoint — 0

Sustainability Checkpoint — 1

Sustainability Checkpoints

Coordination

4. Technical Design

5. Manufacturing &Construction

6. Handover

7. In Use

Consultations with structural and environmental engineers.

Preparation of technical design, with response to planning application response, as well as consultation's advice.

Tender stage to be complete. Materials to be sourcred off site manufacturing to commence. Insitu construction to commence in accordance with the construction programme.

Meeting with full design team and and contractors.

Handover of the building.

Undertake service and checks after a period of time.

Meet with client, contractors and pass on feedback with project team.

Take additional action if required.

Review project programme with considerations of the feasibility studies and preapplication advice.

Design team to work on developing the scheme. Make changes wherever required. Update project programme if necessary.

Identify primary DfMA construction strategy and timescale and determine sequencing.

Meet with contractors and go through project programme.

Make changes to timescales/costings etc. if applicable with considerations of contractor comments.

Conclude the building contract.

Close of contract.

Sustainability Checkpoint — 2

Sustainability Checkpoint — 3

Sustainability Checkpoint — 4

Sustainability Checkpoint — 5

Sustainability Checkpoint — 6

Sustainability Checkpoint — 7

RIBA PLAN OF CONSTRUCTION

3: Spatial

Tasks

07

0: Strategid Definition 1: Preparation & Brief 2: Concept Design 3: Spatial Coordination 4: Technical Design 5: Manufacturing & Construction 6: Handover & Close Out 7: In Use

27

28

Delimit the building scope

Build the foundations and related equipment

Finish the cement base

Build the superstructure with prefabricated columns

Combine the floor and the columns

Repeat two steps above

Assemble the facade with prefabricated components

Erect the beams for roof

Finish the mainbody

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

07

According to the above description, the structure of this project will mainly consist of two parts: a cement base and timber structure above.

The cement structure has a stronger loadbearing capacity, so there are fewer columns in this part. As shown in the picture, the column span of the G Floor cement structure is larger than that of the upper timber columns.

Also, the concrete core can be a structural part to hold the load above. This greatly improves the stability of the structure.

29

At the same time, the cement base can also solve the problem of easy water seepage of the G-layer timber columns.

OVERALL STRUCTURE

07

WALLS LAYERS

07

These are diagrams show the main components of different walls.

Exterior walls have a thicker insulation layers for better U-values and they are mainly the facades of the building. Some of them are used for better thermall performance inside.

Interior walls are mainly used for dividing the rooms. Therefore they also need some vapour barriers to prevent mold growth.

Clapboards are only used to separate the space that does not require special sound insulation and moisture resistance, so the structure is relatively simple.

30

DFMA CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

07

1. Connect the columns by the linkers.

2. Insert the internal walls.

3. Install the floor slab.

4. Install the external walls.

5. Install the balcony.

31

Bolts

07

9 10 11 12

1

Soil

13 2 3 4 6 11 14

15 11 9 5 2 10 16 4 12

32

1. External Surface 2. Waterproofer 3. Clapboard 4. Insulation 5. Horizontal Sticks 6. Steel Frame 7. Internal Finish 8. Plaster Board 9. Floor Finish 10. Resilient material 11. Connector 12. Ceiling Finish 13. Plant Pot 14. Beams for Balcony 15. Column 16. Floor Slab

DETAIL DRAWINGS OF A STUDIO 1:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3D DETAILED SCTION

07

33

34

Drainage Trough Plant pot Soil Floor Surface Filter Reservoir Layer

0

20cm

Root Proof Layer Drain-pipe Waterproofer

Insulation

Floor slab

This diagram shows the drainage system of this roof. There are many small drainage grooves on the roof surface, which can control the direction of water flow to a certain extent.With the help of these troughs, most of the rainwater will flow down the roof to the ground. But in our design, the roof has some openings as gardens.We designed a drainage trough on the upper edge so that the rainwater flowing through here can be led to the feet of the plants. Excessive moisture in the soil will seep into the aquifer below.

At the same time, the floor here is made of wooden boards with voids. They allow rainwater fall through the filter into the water storage layer below, and follow the drain to the outside of the building.

35

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

08

Roof Surface

08 08 FCADE FACADE SYSTEAM SYSTEM

The green roof can absorb part of the sun's radiation and the evaporation of plants and water can take away some of the heat in the room.

Also, it is a good way to reduce the CO2 for the city.

Many recording studios use slats for sound insulation. They are helpful to absorb the noise.

Because of the main busy roads nearby, we use this element to form the facade of the project.

The balcony can effectively reduce the noise outside. They can block most of the noise from below and the noise absorbing materials can make this effect better. Because this facade faces Princess Road, balconies can be an effective way to reduce noise.

36

In the lifetime of a building, carbon emissions include the embodied energy of materials and the carbon emissions generated during the process of construction, operation, maintenance, and demolition.

We have already chosen the timber as the main material and used DfMA to reduce the carbon emission during the construction.

But the maintenance and demolition can not be controled, so we would like to have a research on passive design to reduce the emission during operation process.

Table of Main Material used Material

Embodied Energy (MJ/kg) ** Density (kg/m3)**

1386.5 2901.332 2508.798 158.9 292.6 54.035 65.2

15 12 1.1 15 6.75 20.1 155 10

Total

Embodied Energy (MJ/m3) 540 600 2400 2500 800 7800 2700 480

8100 7200 2640 37500 5400 156780 418500 4800

08

Embodied Energy (MJ) 11230650 20889590.4 6623226.72 5958750 1580040 8471607.3 27286200

ENERGY CALCULATION

Plywood CLT Concrete Glass Plaster Board Steel Aluminium

Volume (m3)*

82040064.42

*Volume refers to the approximate value of this material in this project. **Data (Embodied energy & Density) from the Inventory of Carbon and Energy ('ICE') prepared by the University of Bath (UK)

Diagram shows the embodied energy of the project

8100 7200 2640 37500 5400 156780 418500 4800

Embodied Energy (MJ) 11230650 20889590.4 6623226.72 Plywood5958750 1580040 8471607.3 CLT 27286200 Concrete

82040064.42 Glass Plasterboard Steel

Nature

Embodied Energy

Materials

Embodied Energy (MJ/m3)

Aluminium Waste Processing

37

Transportation

Also, solar panels are installed on the facade facing the south to get clean energy as much as possible.

100%

Although we intend to reduce it, carbon emissions will inevitably be generated during construction and operation. Plants are widely used in this project to compensate for carbon emissions

20%

Embodied Carbon

5%

08

NET-ZERO CARBON STRATEGY

Except for the envrionmental strategies mentioned above.

Natural ventilation system is also applied in the project. As the diagram shows, when the wind pass by the wind tube, it can extract the polluted air inside the building.

Polluted Air Fresh Air Wind Sunlight Co2

10% Production & Material

3% Construction

Lighting

5% Heating & Cooling

6% 10% Ventilation 30% Energy

Carbon Absorbing 10% Demountable Construction

Total Carbon

38

Timber

Prefabrication

DfMA

Natural Light

Green Roof/Facade

Ventilation

Clean Energy

Recycle

1% Plants

Total

With the help of these measures, coupled with the use of negative-carbon wood and detachable construction, a large amount of materials can be recycled. We estimate that the entire building can reach net-zero.

ENVIRONMENTAL TEST

08

39

40

J

H

G

F

E

D

C

B

A

36000 4000

4000

4000

4000

4000

6000

4000

6000

6000

5 4

N

M

L

K

J

H

G

F

E

D

B

C

2

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

1

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

6000

3000

3 4000

16000

6000

3000

2

2

3000

1

3

4000

3000

4

2

2100

0

5

4000

3000

3

4

6

3000

3000

3000

4000

36000 3000

3000

7

4

A

3000

3000

3

2997

8

4000

32000

5

0 1800

6000

3003

6

3000

4000

6

3000

7

7

6000

8

4000

6000

1

1

D

C

B

A

16000 3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

3000

Q

P

N

M

L

K

J

H

G

F

E

D

C

B

A

42000

1F

This diagram shows how the MEP system applies in the building. We chose the first floor to demonstrate the system horizontally and used an axonometric drawing to show the system vertically.

41

MEP FLOOR STRATEGY

09

Light and Power

Water Supply

MEP ROOM STRATEGY

09

STUDIO A

DUO B FLAT C Ventilation

42

Drainage

1.9 The door has a minimum clear opening width of 775 mm.

900

1.17 There is clear space to access the WC with minimum 750 mm.

900

1500

1.11 The lift doors have a minimum 800 mm.

2.14 There is a level landing a minimum of 1500 mm wide and 1500 mm long directly outside the entrance and clear of the swing of any door.

900

2.14 The entrance door has a minimum clear opening width of 850mm. where there are double doors(or gate), the main (or leading) leaf provides the required minimum clear opening width.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

750

1.15 The room containing the WC has a minimum op[ening width of 775mm,

09

3.24 The minimum clear width for

wheelchair of every hallway, approach or landing is 1050mm.

Reference: Approved Document M: access to and use of buildings, volume 1: dwellings

43

7.22 Any stair or other shaft passing directly from one compartment to another should be enclosed in a protected shaft.

10 M

3M

5M

2.8 M

16 M

14

3.50 The corridor or lobby next to each stair should have a smoke vent.

3.51 a. The smoke vent should be located on an external wall with minimum free area of 1.5 square meters.

M

6.5 M

2.1 All habitable rooms should have

10 M

either an opening directly onto a hall leading to a final exit or an emergency escape window or door

30 minutes fire resistance Fire protected stairs

2.10 People escaping should be able

Internal route

3.16 In multi-storey flats, direct access to a protected internal stairway (minimum REI 30) leading to an exit from the flat.

44

12 M

to reach a place free from danger from fire.

3.60 If the stairs is also a firefighting stair, it should be at least 1100mm wide.

09

BUILDING REGULATIONS

3.26 A person escaping through the common area, if confronted by the effects of a fire in another flat, should be able to turn away from it and make a safe escape via an alternative route.

3M

3.27 Every flat is separated from the common stair by a protected lobby or common protected corridor (see Diagram 3.7).

3.94 The fire door of any doorway

or exit should be hung to open in the direction of escape whenever reasonably practicable.

Reference: Approved Document B (fire safety) volume 1: Dwellings, 2019 edition incorporating 2020 amendments

45

1

2

14

13

4 5 6 7 8 9

12 11

10

9 10

21 20 11 17

18

22

46

19

INDIVIDUAL SECTION 1:20

15

3

JIAWEI LIU

16

2

1. Roof Finish 2. Horizontal Sticks 3. Drainage Channels 4. Metal Coping 5. Waterproof Membrane 6. Insulation 7. External Finish 8. Balcony Slab 9. Steel Frame 10. Plaster Frame 11. Glass 12. Bolts 13. Ceiling Finish 14. Floor Slab 15. Resilient Material 16. Pipes 17. Floor Finish 18. Internal Finish 19. Clapboard 20. Window Frame 21. Handle 22. Concrete Slab (G Floor)

1. Elastomeric bitumen roofing system 2. Spruce plywood 22 mm 3. Ventilation gap 4. Breather membrane 5. Timber roof sheathing board 12 mm and Timber I-joist beam 6. Cellulose insulation 300 mm 7. OSB board 18 mm with airtight sealed joints 8. High density plasterboard 2×15 mm 9. Gypsum plaster 2 mm 10. Ventilation louvres, natural anodised aluminium 11.Window (ventilation casement), triple glazing (6mm+12mm spacing+6mm+12mm spacing+6mm) in timber/aluminium frame 12. Bituminous timber weathertight board 15 mm 13. Larsen truss/cellulose insulation 200 mm 14. Softwood studwork (Corsican pine and fir)/cellulose insulation 140 mm 15. OSB board 18 mm with airtight sealed joints 16. High density plasterboard 15 mm 17. Service void 35 mm 18. Birch plywood 15 mm 19. Linoleum 3 mm

INDIVIDUAL SECTION 1:20

YUCHENG DENG

JIAWEI LIU

21. Cork/foam granulate underlay 3 mm 22. Calcium sulphate screed with recycled glass aggregate 40 mm 23. Separating layer 24. Recycled rubber isolation matting 5 mm 25. OSB board 18 mm 26. Timber I-joist beam 400 mm 27. Mineral wool insulation100 mm 28. Resilient bars 25 mm 29. High density plasterboard 2×15 mm 30. Gypsum plaster 2 mm 31. Natural anodised aluminium flashing 32. Wood wool insulation 50 mm 33. Acetylised MDF 18 mm 34. Vertical battens/ventilation gap 50 mm 35. Horizontal battens 25 mm 36. Ground floor slab, reinforced concrete, with diamond-ground upper surface 350 mm 37. Protection layer 38. Polymer damp proof membrane 39. EPS insulation 250 mm 40. Recycled clean grit binding 50 mm

41. Corsican pine timber studs (40mm×35mm, 40mm×60mm, 40mm×67.5mm, 40mm×140mm; 50mm×20mm, 50mm×40mm, 50mm×50mm, 50mm×75mm, 50mm×110mm, 50mm×130mm, 50mm×140mm; 65mm×35mm, 65mm×45mm; 75mm×25mm) 42. Timber beam 265mm 43. Timber beam 100mm×360mm, 140mm×450mm 44. Timber lintel 45mm×370mm 45. Timber sill 45mm×370mm 46. Aluminium sill flashing 47. Foundation, 70% GGBS concrete-mix, mix of recycled sand, aggregate and cement 175mm 48. Soil 49. Cement 50. Glulam timber column 300×300mm

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400mm X 400mm timber column Steel connector Bolt 50mm floor finish 150mm CLT timber floor

50mm celling finish

400mm X 400mm timber column 100mm Mineral wool insulation 50mm facade panel 50mm floor finish 200 concrete floor 2 X 25mm water proof layers 100 glass wool insulation 50mm celling finish 600mm X 600mm concrete column

100mm glass wool insulation 100mm wood floor panel 200mm concrete floor 2 X 25mm water proof layers 100mm Plaster board 50mm sheating board 600mm X 600mm concrete column

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INDIVIDUAL SECTION 1:20

50mm sheating board

SONGCHUAN YANG

2 X 25mm water proof layers

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Yucheng's Summary

This is a simple but difficult project for me. 'Simple' means that the requirements of this project are very clear: to build a student apartment with 60 to 80 households. 'Difficult' means that there are many additional conditions, and it is a field that I have rarely touched, such as: zero carbon strategies, DfMA structure design, etc.

As an undergraduate student from a noarchitecture background, this project is an experience to understand the architecture standard (MEP system, RIBA building regulation, etc.). The learning process of DfMA and Mass timber has been provocative. The ability to achieve a high quality and efficient building is something traditional building systems cannot reach. The zero-carbon strategy makes me thinks in-depth about what architects can contribute to achieving zero carbon goals in terms of design decision making. Inviting all the environmental and structural experts into class helps me to bring modular construction and different operational design strategies together in a reasonable method to arrive at our final design outcome.

The PS1 course is about a student housing project at DFMA. The project is located near Manchester Metropolitan University. In the design we have stuck to timber construction as much as possible, which makes the design zero-carbon and environmentally friendly. However, we had to use concrete in the foundations of the building to reinforce the mechanics of the structure. This sacrificed the integrity of the timber structure, but made the building more implementable.

For the design process of this project, at the very beginning, our group thought of using sunlight as the basis for forming the main body shape.

However, although the idea of sunlight worked well, it also a strict limit for our design. Almost all of the positions are determined by the lines of sunlight. Moreover, our model was a big box from the beginning. In order to make new and reasonable changes under the limits, we tried many possibilities. At the same time, we needed to ensure the balance between the main function, that is, accommodation, and additional functions.

These made our design enter a bottleneck period for a long time. In the end, we used the simplest subtraction to make a satisfactory result.

This is the first group work I have experienced on an architectural design project and this is a very helpful experience. In this project, the communication of our group was not efficient, which brought a lot of trouble to our work. I believe that after this project, I can do group work better.

In general, I learned a lot in the process of doing this project, from the design method, to the structure, to the graphic representation, to the teamwork. These will be my valuable experience.

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Within these 12 weeks, the project successfully responds to our live client - MMU estate's requirement. Furthermore, I believe we also have met our user group's needs. It accomplished to bring a solution to the current zero carbon target of the MMU university.

This is the first time I have taken part in a design project that uses group work as a way of working. I gained a lot of new experience and learnt about the different ways of working with different partners.

Although there were setbacks, it was a pleasure to spend 12 weeks with you all and to complete our design. Cheers!

END...

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CONCLUSION

Songchuan's Summary

Personal Reflections

Jiawei's Summary