Graduation Projects 2014 - Bachelor and Master of Planning

Graduation Projects 2014

Bachelor and Master of Planning

Never Stand Still

Built Environment

D E S I G N B Y : Equilibrium Design equilibriumdesign.com.au

Welcome to Evidence in Place, a celebration of the research undertaken by this year’s graduating planning students.

Our title encapsulates two things that we deem very important here in the UNSW Planning Program: the importance of research in building evidence to inform our understanding of, and decisions made in shaping, our cities; and, as part of that process, a commitment to engaging with place, context and communities in fostering sustainable, equitable, healthy and inspiring built environments.

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THESES INDEX

BACHELOR OF PL ANNING

MASTER OF PLANNING

Nabil Alaeddine

15

Jane Anderson

David Attwood

17

James Arnold

101

99

Frances Beasley

19

Sarah Baker

103

Joe Bell

21

Addison Boykin

105

Lucy Booth

23

Grace Brooks

107

Chantelle Chow

25

Chao Chen

109

Emma Clinton

27

Mark Crispin

111

Courtney Coleman

29

Jan Dashkevich

113 115

Alicia Conlon

31

Ernest Fratczak

Mitchell Davies

33

Tia Gao

117

Elliot Doumanis

35

Pei Goh

119

Katherine Eynon

37

Aaron Gray

121

Justin Foong

39

James Hansen

123

Jessica Ford

41

Chloris Hou

125

Arian Galanis

43

Caroline Howard

127

Rachel Gardner

45

Luke Johnson

129

Brendan Gavin

47

Tina Kao

131

Louise Higginson

49

Elise Leeder

133 135

Oyshee Iqbal

51

Clare Leffers

Rebecca Jacobs

53

Tianxiao Liang

137

Yuning Jia

55

Mengqi Li

139

Katie Johnstone

57

Hayley Marks

141

Justin Keen

59

Robert McKinlay

143 145

Diana Khoury

61

Alice Meng

Charlotte Lowe

63

Ziad Naim

147

Corrine Manyweathers

65

Aryo Nusyirwan

149

Alexandra Marks

67

Bo Pang

151

Chris McGillick

69

Adrian Quinn

153 155

Samantha Miller

71

Sara Sherman

David Moody

73

Tija Stagni

157

Wilson Perdigao

75

Maria Stefanie

159

James Pink

77

Raden Roro Dwi Turistyosari

161

Hayley Pullinger

79

Taylar Vernon

163

Asher Richardson

81

Zhenyu Wang

165

Ainsley Rotgans

83

Lewis Westhoff

167

Claire Ryan

85

Mark Wisely

169

Navdeep Shergill

87

Ellie-Mae Simpson

89

Hayley Tasdarian

91

Jessica Volkanovski

93

CONTENTS

MESSAGE FROM THE DEAN

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SUPPORTERS

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MESSAGE FROM THE DISCIPLINE DIRECTOR

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BACHELOR OF PL ANNING: FINAL YEAR THESES

10

MASTER OF PLANNING: PLANNING PROJECT

94

PLANNING PROGR AM TEAM

170

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

171

PROFESSOR ALEC TZANNES AM DEAN U N S W B U I LT ENVIRONMENT

Congratulations to the students who have completed their degree at UNSW Built Environment and now join our alumni community.

This catalogue provides a glimpse into some of the many study themes and projects you have undertaken as part of your academic experience and serves as a record of your graduation class.

We have designed your program of study to reflect advanced contemporary professional practice emphasising the development of leadership skills and innovation, ensuring that as a graduating student you have the best opportunity to be at the forefront of your chosen field of endeavour.

Register to join the alumni community at www.alumni.unsw.edu.au

Share your news and updates BEalumni@unsw.edu.au Support future students

Now that you have graduated, our relationship evolves from student to alumnus, continuing a lifelong engagement of support and involvement (register to join the alumni community at www.alumni.unsw.edu.au). As you travel the world through your career, you will meet many alumni who have become global leaders through their innovative thinking, acting as catalysts for change in all facets of the built environment professions as well as in other fields of work. As an alumnus we encourage you to keep in touch with UNSW Built Environment. We are always keen to support our graduates and publish their successes throughout our alumni network.

Please email us your news and updates at BEalumni@unsw.edu.au.

We are also always grateful to our alumni who support our future students with scholarships, prizes, internships and mentoring programmes.

Go further at the UNSW Built Environment Graduate School of Urbanism (AGSU)

Should you wish to further your education, qualifications and knowledge, UNSW Built Environment Graduate School of Urbanism (AGSU) offers an extensive suite of post professional degrees. AGSU focuses on advanced qualifications in specialised interdisciplinary areas of professional practice and a suite of highly relevant research orientated programs of study. Our commitment to being the leading educators in the design and delivery of more liveable, sustainable cities has underpinned the creation of the AGSU.

Join our Linkedin group (UNSW Built Environment) and network with your peers

As a professional, I also invite you to join our Linkedin group (UNSW Built Environment) where you will be able to keep in touch and network with your peers, other professionals and UNSW Built Environment.

I wish you a successful and rewarding career.

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SPONSOR CITYFUTURES

The CityFUTURES Research Centre is very pleased to have been invited to sponsor the Evidence in Place exhibition for 2014. We work closely with colleagues in the Planning Program and together we represent the leading group of urban planning research in Australia, having achieved the only 5 star rating in Urban & Regional Planning in the 2012 National Excellence in Research for Australia assessment.

BILL RANDOLPH

Director, CityFUTURES Research Centre

Find out more: www.cityfutures.net.au www.be.unsw.edu.au/researchcentres-and-clusters/city-futures/ news-letter-registration.

Established in 2005 and headed by Professor Bill Randolph, CityFUTURES undertakes research spanning the interrelated areas of urban planning, housing, design, development and social policy. Our work aims to advance the understanding of Australia’s cities, their people, the policies that manage their growth, and their impacts on our environment and economy. The core activity for CityFUTURES is research. The Centre offers a place where scholars can pursue research on aspects of urban development and change. But it also focuses outwards, engaging with the wider audience beyond the University. Wherever possible, CityFUTURES works in partnership with the community, government and business to contribute to growing the evidence base on the issues that impact on urban regions and how we can better manage their dynamic progress and support the wellbeing of their residents.

CityFUTURES works closely with other UNSW research groups as well as other leading universities in Australia, Asia, Europe and North America.

CityFUTURES also strongly focuses on the training of the next generation of urban research scholars through an active postgraduate research program. We are committed to expanding the skills and capacity of young urban researchers and to communicating the value of good research to those involved in making policies that impact on the city.

More detail on what we do, including opportunities for postgraduate research degrees, can be found on our website www.cityfutures.net.au. You can subscribe to our quarterly Newsletter at: www.be.unsw.edu.au/research-centres-andclusters/city-futures/news-letter-registration.

SPONSOR T H E H E A LT H Y B U I LT ENVIRONMENTS PROGR AM

SUSAN THOMPSON

The Healthy Built Environments Program is delighted to be a sponsor of the 2014 Planning Exhibition Evidence in Place.

The Healthy Built Environments Program is an innovative collaboration that brings the built environment and health together. The Program was established in 2010 and is part of the CityFUTURES Research Centre.

The Healthy Built Environments Program vision is that built environments will be planned, designed, developed and managed to promote and protect health for all people. Our work centres on three identified core strategies: • Research – the HBEP fosters interdisciplinary research which is translated into policy and practice.

Director, Healthy Built Environments Program

• Leadership and Advocacy – the HBEP advocates for closer links between health and the built environment across government and non-government agencies, the private sector and the community.

• Education and Workforce Development – the HBEP delivers innovative, cross disciplinary education and capacity building. Faculty of the Built Environment courses ‘Healthy Planning’ and 'Healthy Built Environments' link closely to the HBEP. We also supervise research students working in the area of healthy built environments.

Find out more: www.be.unsw. edu.au/programmes/healthy-builtenvironments-program/about

Visit the Healthy Built Environments Program’s website to find out more about our work: www.be.unsw.edu.au/programmes/ healthy-built-environments-program/about.

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SIMON PINNEGAR DISCIPLINE DIRECTOR, PLANNING

INTRODUCTION EVIDENCE IN PL ACE Welcome to Evidence in Place, a celebration of the research undertaken by this year’s graduating planning students. Our title encapsulates two things that we deem very important here in the UNSW Planning Program: the importance of research in building evidence to inform our understanding of, and decisions made in shaping, our cities; and, as part of that process, a commitment to engaging with place, context and communities in fostering sustainable, equitable, healthy and inspiring built environments.

This is a landmark year, representing the highest ever number of final year theses researched, supervised, written, agonised over, and marked across our BPLAN and MPLAN degrees. Together, the work of 76 students is presented. This is an impressive achievement, and a source of pride for all of us associated with their endeavours. Research of the highest quality is one of the core defining components of the Planning Program, with Faculty staff – alongside our colleagues based in the CityFUTURES Research Centre – identified as one of the foremost groups for urban planning research in the country. UNSW planning research is deemed world class, and it is this commitment to building evidence and informing debate that can also be seen in the quality of student work on show here. Research supervision of students captures a further core strength of our degrees, drawing across our entire teaching family – Program staff, many Sessional staff and colleagues in CityFUTURES – to assist students in this major undertaking.

For both undergraduate and postgraduate students, the research thesis represents a capstone to their degrees. The impressive results of their hard work are on show here. As with every graduating class, the range of topics selected embraces not only the breadth of issues facing our cities, regions and communities, but also highlight how our students continue to identify and spearhead emerging interest in key issues facing our cities and regions. That tradition continues this year, with many topics reflecting those that have been front page news in recent months, from Barangaroo and light rail, to key worker housing and the future fate of public housing residents in the Rocks. Sydney’s west also continues to provide an enduring focus of student interest, with questions of jobs, infrastructure and urban renewal offering a platform for exploring a many of the fundamental city building challenges the wider metropolitan area faces.

As well as providing leading edge content, the quality of the research undertaken captures distinct UNSW planning graduate attributes – grounded, considered, passionate and professional. Collectively the students’ work makes an outstanding contribution to urban planning debates and establishes an unrivalled platform from which this next generation of planners will actively make their mark in the future of our city, state, Australia and indeed internationally.

We wish them all the very best for the next stage in their careers. Graduands of 2014, we are very proud of you.

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BACHELOR OF PLANNING: FINAL YEAR THESES

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COURSE S TAT E M E N T BACHELOR OF PLANNING: FINAL YEAR THESIS

BPLAN THESIS JOINT COURSE C O O R D I N ATO R S , 2 014

Gethin Davison and Christine Steinmetz

By the time UNSW Bachelor of Planning (BPLAN) students reach the fifth and final year of the degree they have already completed over twenty core and elective courses in planning and related disciplines, as well as having undertaken a twelve-month work placement in the planning industry. With this grounding, the fifth year of the degree provides them with the opportunity to develop a particular area of specialisation by designing and conducting an independent research project on a topic of their choosing. The research that they undertake in their final year is then written up in the form of an undergraduate thesis of up to 20,000 words; the ‘capstone’ project of their degree.

Although officially the thesis project entails enrolment in just one thirteen week university session, preparation actually begins several months earlier through a preparatory course that revisits the practicalities of research design, research ethics and methodology. In order to pass this course the students must develop a research proposal that sets out exactly what they plan to do in their independent project, how they will do it, and why it is worth doing. Invariably the range of topics is vast, reflecting both the breadth of planning as a discipline and the varied interests and backgrounds of the students themselves.

On completion of the preparatory Research Design course, each student is assigned a supervisor from either the full-time Planning staff or from the ranks of part-time lecturers and Built Environment Faculty staff from other disciplines. This wider pool of expertise is also tapped for the examination process.

The successful completion and examination of so many independent research projects within a relatively short space of time simply would not be possible without the input of so many colleagues generously giving their time in supervisory and examination roles. As well as extending our thanks to these colleagues, we would also like to say how grateful we are to the hundreds of people who participated in Bachelor of Planning research interviews, surveys and focus groups this year.

We have been impressed by the energy and enthusiasm of this cohort, and by the fascinating range of research projects that they have devised and executed over the past nine months. Collectively, their theses convey well the intrinsic breadth of the planning discipline and the challenges that contemporary planners face. Having spent many hours working closely with them on their research, we can see that they are both ready and able to take on these challenges. Over the last five years they have studied intensively the forces that have shaped planning outcomes, for better or worse, in many different contexts and at different scales. With the challenges facing our cities more urgent than ever before, it is now time for them to make their own mark on the planning profession.

G R A D UAT I N G C L A S S O F 2 0 14

FI RST ROW ( L– R)

S EC O N D ROW ( L– R)

Oyshee Iqbal, Chantelle Chow,

Hayley Pullinger, Alicia Conlon,

T H I R D ROW ( L– R)

Brendan Gavin, Justin Foong, David Moody,

Rebecca Jacobs, Corinne Manyweathers,

Claire Ryan, Rachel Gardner, Ellie-Mae

Mitchell Davies, Justin Keen, Nabil Alaeddine,

Charlotte Lowe, Diana Khoury, Arian Galanis,

Simpson, Frances Beasley, Emma Clinton,

Courtney Coleman, Ainsley Rotgans,

Elliott Doumanis

Katherine Eynon, Lucy Booth, Jessica Ford,

Navdeep Shergill, Wilson Perdigao,

Jessica Volkanovski, Louise Higginson,

James Pink, David Attwood, Joe Bell, Bow Jia

Hayley Tasdarian, Alexandra Marks

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NABIL ALAEDDINE

BUILDING WITH H E R I TA G E : The role of heritage buildings in the urban renewal process

Urban renewal is the process associated with the regeneration and revitalisation of the built environment, but by definition it involves major changes to the physical and social fabric of established places. In the past such changes have often neglected the historical, cultural and aesthetic significance of heritage buildings located within urban renewal areas. Concerned with theories of adaptive reuse, preservation and typo-morphology, this thesis investigates the role of heritage buildings in the renewal of Pyrmont–Ultimo since 1990. The renewal of Pyrmont– Ultimo was one of the largest renewal projects ever undertaken in Australia encompassing industrial waterfront, wharfs, warehouse and terrace regeneration. Through observational analysis and interviews with practitioners and community members, the thesis investigates the impacts of urban renewal on heritage buildings in Pyrmont–Ultimo and the contemporary importance of heritage buildings in the area. Findings show that a balanced approach is required towards development, reuse, revitalisation and adaption. Taking into account planning regulations and the property market several recommendations are made for better incorporating and reusing heritage buildings in future urban renewal projects. Instead of simply expressing admiration for heritage buildings, the thesis uncovers lessons and ideas from past projects in order to build adaptable and sustainable places that are responsive to place-identity.

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DAV I D AT T W O O D

INFILL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN LOWER VA LU E A R E AS O F W ES T E R N SY D N E Y: Can strategic planning support its delivery?

The undersupply of housing has been a key factor in tightening affordability pressures within metropolitan Sydney. Although significant opportunities exist within lower-value areas of Western Sydney to develop infill projects and support greater housing supply, developers have tended to refrain from investing within these areas.

This is due to a lack of economically feasible development opportunities for developers, instigated by a myriad factors. These lower land value areas have importance in releasing untapped potential to deliver additional housing.

In addition, infill development within them provides opportunities for the renewal of an ageing and deteriorating building stock that is home to a rising concentration of socially disadvantaged groups. This thesis investigates the strategic planning practice undertaken for lower-value areas earmarked for uplift, and establishes the barriers to infill development and renewal through in-depth interviews and a case study on Guildford Town Centre. The intention of the thesis is to uncover strategic planning’s underlying limitations, particularly the provision of economically feasible controls for infill development. The thesis also identifies opportunities where strategic planning can have a fundamental role in facilitating infill development and stimulating renewal, whilst also indicating the potentially negative externalities of renewal for the existing residents of lower value areas within western Sydney.

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FR ANCES BEASLEY

T H E C O L L A B O R AT I V E C O M M U N I T Y: A More Sustainable Future in Sharing

People are becoming increasingly aware of the impact that their choices are having on the environment and many are re-evaluating their current lifestyles as a result. As part of this re-evaluation we are seeing the emergence of new lifestyle choices that provide an alternative to the unsustainable status quo. One such alternative is the ‘Collaborative Consumption’ system, which is founded on the concept of satisfying our desire to consume through sharing, exchanging, swapping and re-purposing instead of buying new. The Collaborative Consumption movement is heralded as an opportunity not only to reduce the consumption of material goods and encourage a more efficient use of land and infrastructure, but also to foster a stronger sense of community and collective responsibility in reducing our impact on the environment.

This thesis draws upon an extensive literature review and interviews with academics, sustainability professionals and consumers to explore the potential for a new urban societal process; one that involves a radical change in how the individual and the collective can collaborate and share their consumption. The ‘collaborative community’ is shown in the thesis to provide us with a strong incentive to re-evaluate our understanding of how a city can achieve both social and environmental sustainability.

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JOE BELL

I N T E G R AT I N G THE EXCLUSIVE C O M M U N I T Y: A study of master planned estates in Western Sydney

Master planned estates are an increasingly popular type of residential development in Australia. Although favoured by both the public and private sectors, a growing body of literature discusses the exclusionary nature of master planned estate development. In particular, master planned estates have been criticised for their poor physical integration with surrounding suburbs, the provision of privately-owned assets, and the views of their residents regarding ‘outsiders’. Ongoing master planned estate development in greenfield areas of western Sydney, a region already suffering from issues of socio-spatial segregation, should therefore be considered in light of these concerns. This thesis reflects on criticisms of master planned estates with respect to recent developments in the Blacktown Local Government Area (LGA), whilst also investigating social mixing techniques as a potential way of minimising exclusion. Research involved a review of literature relating to master planned estates and social mixing, as well as in-depth interviews with planning professionals and private developers. Research findings indicate that current development trends create real potential for socio-spatial segregation to be increased in Blacktown LGA in the future. They also reveal considerable support from stakeholders for some form of affordable housing requirement in greenfield master planned estates in order to abate exclusivity.

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LUCY BOOTH

RYDALMERE BUSI N ES S PA R K : Creating a greater diversity of jobs in Western Sydney

Although the shortfall of jobs in Western Sydney is not a new problem, it is growing at such a rate that it cannot be ignored any longer. By 2031, it is predicted that the shortfall will rise to 304,000 missing jobs in the west. Currently, over 200,000 Western Sydney workers travel to Eastern Sydney every day for work and this results in significant congestion on major roads and overcrowding on public transport.

The creation of more job opportunities in Western Sydney would help alleviate this problem. This thesis aims to find a long-term solution to Western Sydney’s jobs shortfall by encouraging a diversity of job options for Western Sydney workers, specifically in the knowledge sector. The knowledge and innovation sectors are increasingly driving economies and this has increased the value of skilled workers. Globalisation and technological advances have transformed many physical goods into cheap commodities.

This, in turn, has raised the return on human capital and innovation. This thesis identifies strategic approaches that urban planners can take to encourage employment opportunities in the knowledge sector, specifically examining the feasibility of transforming Rydalmere Industrial Area into a high-tech business park for Western Sydney.

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CHANTELLE CHOW

SHARING OPEN S PAC E: Partnerships between councils and schools

Shared open space partnerships between councils and schools are increasingly seen to represent a practical way of providing additional open space to local communities in Sydney. Open space is essential for the physical and mental wellbeing of individuals. However, as the population and density of the city increases, the available public open spaces provided by local councils are under increased pressure and may fail to meet the needs of local communities. Schools are another entity that provides their student community with open space, but school spaces are typically underutilised outside school hours.

Sharing open space between councils and schools is an opportunity for enhanced access to facilities and the minimised duplication of similar services. This thesis examines the advantages and disadvantages of such approaches and the impediments to sharing arrangements.

Research involved in-depth interviews with councils, schools and other state government organisations involved in shared partnerships in Sydney. The thesis argues that although the concept of a shared partnership overall includes numerous benefits, the politics in establishing the initial agreement can stifle the process. The thesis concludes by making recommendations for a state policy framework regarding shared open space, based on best practice examples from councils in NSW. This could potentially be rolled out to other services in the future.

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EMMA CLINTON

HOUSING ESSENTIALS: Low-moderate income worker housing in Sydney’s Eastern Suburbs

Recent discussions about planning policy have contemplated the connection between housing affordability and labour market productivity. Whilst earlier occupationspecific policies targeting ‘key workers’ (teachers, nurses and police officers) were found to be unnecessary, there is a larger group of people in less ‘charismatic’ lowmoderate income occupations that face significant housing challenges. These workers are required in all areas of the city, but low wages significantly limit their housing options, especially in high-cost regions. Spatial mismatch between the location of these jobs and the location of suitable and affordable housing, combined with other barriers such as shift-work, may pose a threat to Sydney’s economic productivity. Workers in a number of ‘essential’ occupations face challenges finding suitable housing, yet little policy attention has been given to addressing their needs. This thesis focuses on a small group of low-moderate income personal carers and assistants who work in Sydney’s Eastern Suburbs, one of the city’s least affordable regions.

Through quantitative analysis of demographic and housing data, a series of in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and a thorough analysis of policy and academic literature, the thesis explores how planning might be used to address housing affordability issues for these essential workers.

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COURTNEY COLEMAN

A PL ACE TO CALL HOME: Sense of community for UNSW student residents living in high density accommodation in the Randwick Local Government Area

Urban consolidation and higher development densities have been a crucial part of long-standing efforts by the NSW Government to address the housing needs of Sydney’s growing population. This thesis examines the social sustainability of this approach, focusing specifically on the sense of community experienced

by UNSW students living at high densities. The recent development of student accommodation at the UNSW Kensington campus has resulted in a significant increase in high density college accommodation, providing a unique opportunity to examine the sense of community that people experience when living at high densities. The concept of sense of community is explored in student residents’ attitudes towards the characteristics of place, social interaction/capital and social cohesion, with research data providing insights into what defines and supports sense of community for residents in relation to their dwelling, the UNSW campus and the Randwick Local Government Area. The research findings indicate that a greater inter-connection of dwelling, campus and local area would assist with the development of a stronger overall sense of community and suggest ways in which sense of community can be better supported across higher density developments in general.

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ALICIA CONLON

3 D V I S U A L I S AT I O N : A future of computer modeling in NSW community engagement

Since the 1960s, it has been established that successful planning practice involves public participation in decisionmaking processes. Although the value of community engagement is clearly identified in the scholarly literature, current methods of conducting engagement in NSW are limited in both approach and outcomes. Three-dimensional (3D) visualisation modeling has become a widely-used resource over recent years, but the acceptance and operationalisation of this technology in planning, especially for community engagement purposes, has been slow.

This thesis investigates how 3D visualisation can be used within community engagement processes at the level of strategic planning. To do this, a review of literature on the key topics of community engagement and visualization was undertaken. In-depth interviews were also conducted with representatives from planning consultancies, state government, local government and academia. In addition, focus groups with local community members were used to gauge perceptions of 2D mapping versus a 3D SketchUp model. Research findings reveal that 3D visualisation can help strategic planners engage with members of the public who would not normally participate in planning decisionmaking. The thesis argues that in NSW a significant ‘mind shift’ needs to take place in order for visualisation to be used as a core planning tool for community engagement.

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MITCHELL DAV I E S

PLANNING FOR PREVENTION: The role of the planner in promoting exercise

There can be no doubt that the obesity epidemic is a major contemporary issue in Australia, with three in five adults now classified as obese or overweight. Planning can herald its origins from motives related to public health, but today health seems to have fallen down the agenda. This thesis investigates the role of planners in promoting exercise. Eleven professionals from a variety of sectors were interviewed for the research, including planners, health professionals and sports/recreation professionals. These interviewees currently hold a range of positions in state government, local government, NonGovernment Organisations, academia and the private sector. Overwhelmingly, the research findings indicate that planners do have an important role regarding exercise promotion—whether that is through strategic planning, statutory planning or urban design. However, there is much work still to do. The thesis argues that through exercise promotion, planners can be a positive contributor in the fight against obesity at all ages. Ultimately, we can plan for prevention rather than cure.

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ELLIOT DOUMANIS

BUILD THE LIVING CITIES OF TOMORROW AND THE PEOPLE WILL COME

‘Liveability’ has been discussed widely from academic studies to government reports and mainstream debates; it is the overall experience of quality of life. More recently, however, liveability has become an integral component of planning practice in which comprehensive strategies have been initiated to measure the experiential qualities of a place and the satisfaction that it provides for residents.

The movement known as ‘New Urbanism’ seeks explicitly to use planning and urban design to create more liveable neighbourhoods. Focusing on the case study of Oran Park, a greenfield development within the Sydney South West Growth Centre, this thesis investigates the influence of New Urbanism on the liveability of this new community.

A literature review and series of in-depth interviews were conducted. The research findings reveal that the aspects of liveability encouraged by New Urbanist ideals have not been applied in Oran Park to the extent required to achieve optimal outcomes. This suggests that the transferability of the principles of New Urbanism may be limited, with potential implications for planners in Australia. Findings from the thesis also contribute to the development of a concept model for liveable neighbourhoods in master planned communities in greenfield developments.

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K AT H E R I N E EYNON

COMPETING INTERESTS IN WAT E R F R O N T MEGA-PROJECT D E V E L O P M E N T: The Barangaroo Experience

Post-industrial waterfront sites in central city locations represent key opportunities for urban transformation.

Internationally, the redevelopment of major waterfront sites is increasingly viewed by governments as a way of competing with other cities to capture footloose global capital, renew city image and reverse economic fortunes.

Often owned by governments themselves, such sites have the potential to become vibrant new waterfront districts and seamless extensions to the existing urban fabric.

However, with mega-project development come mega pressures. With the governance of these mega-projects often the responsibility of public-private partnerships (PPPs), the negotiation of the competing public and private interests at stake has become an increasingly complex process. Sydney is currently experiencing mega-project development through the redevelopment of East Darling Harbour. Known as Barangaroo, the project has been embroiled in media criticism and has polarised public opinion. This thesis explores the underlying forces driving development outcomes in this mega-project, determines the implications of the governance framework and assesses likely development outcomes in the context of debates about the ‘public interest’. The thesis ultimately argues that governments must do more to ensure that waterfront mega-project development better balances competing interests to ensure that development outcomes deliver lively, integrated and accessible public places that reinvigorate city image, on the ground.

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JUSTIN FOONG

REVERSING CAR DEPENDENCE: A case study of Fairfield, Sydney

Australia is one of the most car dependent countries in the world, with cars used for 71 per cent of all trips to work and up to 88 per cent of all other journeys. In Sydney, the reliance on cars is closely linked to the city’s decentralised and low-density urban form, which makes car use essential for many journeys relating to work, shopping, services and recreation. This thesis is concerned with the impacts of continued urban sprawl and associated high levels of car use. It builds on previous Australian and overseas research that assessed the likely impacts of car dependency in future years. Research involved a comprehensive review of the international literature on urban sprawl and car dependence, as well as in-depth interviews with development and planning industry professionals and local government staff. The research findings indicate that continued car dependence and low-density development are not sustainable and that the inaction of society now may lead to hardship for future generations. After identifying various measures for mitigating and reversing car dependence, the thesis calls on planners and other decision-makers to take action sooner, rather than later.

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JESSICA FORD

T H E FA L L A N D R I S E O F T H E R E TA I L MAIN STREET

Retailing makes a significant contribution to the Australian economy each year but it is also a key part of the physical, social and cultural fabric of our cities. This thesis is concerned with what could be considered the most ‘traditional’ form of retailing in contemporary society – the retail main street. In New South Wales (NSW) and many other places, there has been an evident decline of the traditional main street shopping strip. Arguably, this is a result of retail decentralisation and the rise of a range of other retail formats such as the regional and sub-regional shopping centre, bulky goods retailing, convenience stores, online shopping and airport retailing. The existing academic literature indicates that the rise of these differing retail formats has had widespread economic, social and cultural ramifications for the traditional main street centre, with serious implications for both public and private interests. This thesis critically evaluates the current planning framework governing retail and centres in a NSW context. Based on an international literature review and in-depth interviews with a range of relevant stakeholders, it identifies gaps in the current policy framework, establishes ‘best practice’ case studies, and suggests ways in which planning might help facilitate main street revitalisation in the future.

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ARIAN GALANIS

S TA L K I N G T H E C R E AT I V E C L A S S : Investigating the impact of gentrification on the viability and sustainability of a creative urban precinct

Cities have long been home to distinctive creative precincts whose function, form, character and lifestyle are intrinsically shaped by their concentrations of creative individuals. While this creativity often makes such areas highly sought-after by residents and attractive to property developers, their success can also be their downfall.

Through a case study of Oxford Street, Sydney, this thesis explores the significance of lifestyle in a creative precinct and looks at how gentrification threatens to harm the viability and sustainability of that lifestyle through cultural commodification and consumption, and the displacement of the artistic and creative types themselves. Empirical data collection for the research involved key informant interviews and site observations. Research findings demonstrate that the clustering of artistic and creative individuals, along with similar sub-cultures, generates institutions (both formal and informal) that promote and support their lifestyles. However, the findings also indicate that gentrification has resulted in the displacement of creative citizens and the associated lifestyles that were originally so highly sought-after. The thesis concludes by offering recommendations to planners and other policy-makers on how to simultaneously sustain and commodify these creative urban precincts.

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R ACHEL GARDNER

A R E YO U PR EPA R ED? Bushfire impact mitigation through planning in the Blue Mountains

Bushfires are events that occur frequently in Australia during the warmer months of the year, due to the hot and dry climate. Whilst bushfires are a natural phenomenon and essential for rejuvenation of the native Australian environment, they often result in devastating impacts felt by urban areas adjacent to bush land. The severity of impacts can depend on a range of factors, including the intensity of the bushfire, weather conditions, firefighting resources and community preparedness. However, urban planning can also play a major part. Records demonstrate that dwelling losses from bushfires are a result of urban areas increasingly being in close proximity to bushfire prone land. Therefore, it is essential that action be taken to improve urban planning in and around bushfire prone land.

This thesis examines the role of urban planning in building community resilience to bushfires. The thesis evaluates current planning controls and legislation surrounding pre-bushfire planning in the Blue Mountains, including land-use planning, building controls and strategic planning.

Research involved a comprehensive literature review and in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the bushfire planning process. Recommendations are made for changes to existing planning tools that can further mitigate bushfire threat and reduce the impacts of future bushfires on urban areas in the Blue Mountains.

45

BRENDAN G AV I N

REDESIGNING SYDNEY’S BUS NETWORKS

Buses are a crucial part of Sydney’s public transport system but they are often considered ‘inferior’ to other modes. However, with congestion worsening and demand for public transport increasing, buses will continue to be an important part of any public transport solution for Sydney. At least partly this is because rail transit is costly and there is a significant time lapse between its development and implementation. This thesis seeks to address two related questions: how can negative public perceptions of buses in Sydney be overcome and how can Sydney’s bus network be made to operate more efficiently?

Research involved a case study approach combining a review of relevant historic and academic literature and in-depth interviews with a range of stakeholders involved in bus transport development. Research findings indicate that there is a need to develop an ‘all-day’ transport network and use a creative and locally tailored marketing campaign to improve the image of what bus transport is in Sydney. These research findings are placed within broader academic and policy debates about the social and economic benefits of public transport and the efficient planning and provision of public transport in urban environments.

47

LOUISE HIGGINSON

WAT C H T H I S S PA C E !

The commercial realities of public open space management

Public open space plays a significant role in our urban landscapes. It provides us with environments to engage in passive and active recreational activities as well as offering areas where we can escape the realities and stresses of every day life. The value of public open space increases as our urban environments become more densely populated and developed. However, much of the recurrent funding offered to public open space authorities in Australia only covers basic operating costs. Increasingly, the additional funds required to manage these spaces is being generated through the involvement of private sector interests. This thesis asks whether the private sector can contribute to the delivery and management of public open spaces without diminishing their benefits and value to the community as a whole. The research places the debate within the context of the Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain for which plans were recently released showing potential increases in commercial floorspace. In addition to a comprehensive literature review, the thesis is informed by in-depth interviews with key professionals involved in the provision and management of public open space. The results indicate that the increased involvement of the private sector does not equate to a diminished public benefit offered by these spaces.

49

OYSHEE IQBAL

WHEN FINANCIAL I N C EN TI V ES FA I L: A critique of Evocity policy using Armidale as a case study

As a strategy for stimulating population and economic growth, financial incentives are currently offered to prospective residents who choose to re-locate from capital cities to certain cities in regional NSW. Known as the ‘Evocities’ campaign, this policy was developed through collaborative effort from Federal, State and Local governments. This thesis examines the benefits provided to a certain subset of capital city residents re-locating to regional areas and the overall effectiveness of the Evocities policy in maintaining the viability of regional cities. The criteria for receiving financial incentives for re-location through the Evocities policy is extremely narrow and represents, this thesis argues, an arbitrary definition of skilled labour. Using Armidale as a case study the thesis explores the impact of the Evocities campaign and makes recommendations on how it might be made more effective. Empirical research involved quantitative analysis of demographic and employment data and qualitative interviews with representatives of the NSW government and local government, as well as current residents. By synthesising this data the thesis highlights the gap between Evocity policy aims and achievements. To bridge this gap the thesis recommends a greater focus on job creation in regional cities, arguing that this is the key to more sustained population growth and economic stimulation.

51

REBECCA JACOBS

WORK EXPERIENCE IN PLANNING: Impacts on students’ perceptions of employability

The year of compulsory work experience in the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Bachelor of Planning degree is a significant component of the program and provides a differential between the UNSW Bachelor of Planning degree and other planning degrees offered in NSW. In addition, the work experience component places a significant burden on students, employers and the University. Despite the importance of the work experience component to the shape and character of the degree, its effect on graduates upon entering the workforce is unknown. This research investigates how students’ perceptions of their suitability to graduate jobs are impacted by their work experience, and looks at whether students’ perceptions influence their job search behaviour. A literature review of practical education theory and a qualitative survey of final year students and recent graduates from the UNSW Planning degree was undertaken. The research shows that many students believe they are not equally suitable to all graduate planning jobs after work experience. Despite this, most recent graduates do not let this affect which jobs they apply for, and the vast majority of graduates attribute their success in gaining graduate employment to their work experience.

53

YUNING JIA

HIGH DENSITY LIVING IN SYDNEY

There is no doubt that recent media coverage about the housing shortage in Sydney has brought this issue to the forefront of both public and scholarly debate. It is estimated that by 2031, Sydney will grow by 1.3 million people and there will be a demand for 545,000 new homes in the metropolitan area. With recent and projected increases in population and rapid redevelopment in inner-suburbs, the number of apartments and terraced homes in Metropolitan Sydney has been steadily increasing while people living in separate dwellings has fallen in the last decade. This thesis looks at why a growing number of Sydneysiders demonstrate a preference for living in apartments over houses. It considers how the attitudinal and lifestyle changes of a new generation will potentially influence the way that people ‘live’ in Sydney in the foreseeable future, as well as examining the extent to which apartment living could be a trend that reaches beyond the urban fringe.

55

K AT I E JOHNSTONE

M A KING YOUR WASTE MORE APPEALING: Alternatives to landfill

Australia is considered to be the second worst country in the world in terms of waste management per capita, with 95 percent of waste sent straight to landfill. Not only does this have long-term negative implications for the natural environment, it also increases land scarcity, placing increased pressure on strategic land use planning. For these reasons, and others, it is important that Australia begins to seek alternatives to landfill. This thesis focuses on the feasibility of implementing international best practice of waste management within the NSW policy framework. International examples included France, London, San Francisco, and Sweden. Qualitative research was conducted through an interview with a member of Kimbriki Resource Recovery Centre. Results indicate that San Francisco is the international best practice model in terms of waste management and diversion from landfill, and the feasibility of implementing its best practice policies into NSW legislation is determined. The thesis concludes that planners and local residents should be more aware of waste generation and alternative methods to landfill, while governments need to develop management options that are more socially, environmentally and economically sustainable.

57

JUSTIN KEEN

PORT DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE CONFLICT

Ports are critical to the competitiveness of businesses in Australia and maintaining and improving port infrastructure is a key issue for governments. Port Botany, the major port in Sydney, has been identified in the Metropolitan Plan for Sydney 2036 as part of Sydney’s ‘Global Economic Corridor’, and an essential part of Australia’s economy. The use and development of Botany Bay for port and industrial purposes commenced during the 1950s but further expansion of Port Botany is now seen to be essential in maintaining and stimulating national economic growth.

Ports influence the growth and shape of cities but they can also create potential land use conflicts where they are located in close proximity to other uses. This thesis aims to provide an analysis of whether ports influence urban development and growth, determine whether land use conflict is created as a consequence of port expansion, and evaluate the implications of port expansion. The research involved a comprehensive literature review, surveys and interviews with relevant stakeholders, and a case study review of the policies and controls relevant to Port Botany. A series of recommendations are made regarding the future development of policy and planning strategies in relation to ports, associated infrastructure and surrounding land uses.

59

DIANA KHOURY

PLANNING FOR M U LT I C U LT U R A L COMMUNITIES: Ethnic diversity and concentration within the Fairfield Local Government Area

The Fairfield Local Government Area (LGA) is home to a vast array of ethnicities, and evolving settlement patterns have led to the development of distinct areas of ethnic concentration. While this concentration of different ethnic communities into specific localities is beneficial in many ways, it can potentially also lead to socio-spatial segregation and a lack of cross-cultural integration between groups. This thesis is concerned with both the challenges and opportunities that ethnic diversity and ethnic concentration pose for urban planning. The thesis contributes to existing debates on multiculturalism and planning through both primary and secondary research methods, focusing specifically on the case of Fairfield City Council. Five in-depth interviews were conducted with key staff members from Fairfield City Council, along with representatives of two ethnic groups in the Fairfield LGA. Research findings indicate that Fairfield City Council maintains a view that ethnic concentrations are advantageous. While cross cultural integration is recognised as an objective of Council and of interest to the community, it does not appear to be a priority at present. The thesis concludes by recommending ways in which planning can better respond to the needs of ethnically diverse communities, in order to achieve the most favourable outcomes for all affected stakeholders.

61

CHARLOTTE LOWE

SHRINKING CITIES IN AUSTR ALIA: Can planning ensure cities and towns shrink successfully?

As a result of changes in industry, population and town planning orthodoxies, the phenomenon of ‘shrinking cities’ is today more widespread than ever before. Within Australia, continued growth in the major cities has resulted in town planning practices that focus on progress and expansion. Meanwhile, shrinking cities and towns, particularly mining towns in regional Australia, have so far been neglected in town planning policies. Currently, little planning legislation and few planning policies exist in relation to shrinking cities and towns in Australia. This thesis examines the reasons that cities shrink and analyses the effectiveness of the current planning framework for managing the process of change in shrinking cities and towns at a local, state and federal level. It also benchmarks Australian practice with international planning interventions that enable cities to successfully shrink. Research findings are based on an international literature review, case studies and interviews with experts in the field and relevant stakeholders. The thesis argues that shrinking cities should be better addressed through planning legislation and policy. Rather than purely aiming for growth and expansion, planning should focus on ensuring quality of life for people in shrinking cities through the use of pro-active economic, social and environmental policies.

Image source: Jeremy, 2010, Flickr, accessed 22/9/14 <https://www.flickr.com/photos/sooner4life/4673138198/>

63

CORRINE M A N Y W E AT H E R S

FIFO & DIDO A C C O M M O D AT I O N : An exploration of impacts on frontline communities

As demand for Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s coal and iron ore intensifies, the use of temporary worker accommodation for fly-in fly-out (FIFO) and drive-in and drive-out (DIDO) employees presents a challenge for rural planning. Temporary worker accommodation is a relatively new form of development for rural New South Wales and the state lacks policy and guidelines to control what could potentially be severe social and economic impacts to local communities. This thesis investigates the social and economic issues associated with temporary worker accommodation and the rapid growth in non-resident resource worker populations. The research also explores the role of stakeholders, including state and local government, policy and strategy makers, as well as accommodation providers, in mitigating potential impacts at the planning stage. The research is informed by a literature review, a case study of Narrabri Shire accommodation, inter-state policy and in-depth interviews with public and private planners. Overall, the research indicates that the most effective way to mitigate potential negative impacts is through strong state governance, detailed investigation of potential impacts, a commitment to sustainable communities and collaboration between government and proponents. Improvements to policy, planning guidelines and increased opportunities for collaboration and economic stimulation are recommended.

65

ALEXANDRA MARKS

OFF THE LEASH: Investigating accessibility to open spaces for dogs in the City of Sydney

Two-thirds of Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population own a companion animal and a large proportion of these are dogs.

Undoubtedly, dogs can provide psychological, physical and emotional health benefits to their owners. Both dogs and humans need access to open space for exercise, socialising and other outdoor activities. This research poses the following question: are there enough dog-friendly open spaces in Sydney? According to the Metropolitan Strategy 2036, there will be 61,000 new homes built by 2030 in the City of Sydney. Given this scenario, it is critical to consider the provision of open space for dogs and their owners as part of an urban animal management strategy. Currently, the City of Sydney LGA has over 400 open space areas, with just over 10 percent of these being off-leash dog parks. Through a detailed audit of dog-friendly open spaces, interviews, and analysis of the current urban animal management strategies of the City of Sydney, this thesis considers whether there is enough accessible space for dogs or if there is a need for more outdoor areas to be developed.

67

CHRIS MCGILLICK

PLANNING FOR LIGHT RAIL: Lessons learnt from the development of Sydneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s inner west light rail extension

Light rail is currently experiencing a renaissance in Sydney.

Championed by state transport planners as a way to solve issues common in many post-industrial cities, the development of light rail is planned to continue across Sydney in order to reduce auto dependence and improve public transport efficiency. Although the introduction of light rail is largely welcomed by the general public, there have been mixed reactions from some communities and councils faced with the introduction of light rail to their areas. This thesis will examine the first of the new generation of light rail projects for Sydney, the inner west light rail extension, to understand the planning implications of light rail development, particularly for local governments.

Through in-depth interviews with state and local planning stakeholders in association with an international literature review, the research provides key insights into planning considerations and opportunities for local governments with respect to the development of new light rail infrastructure. Findings consider the relationship between state and local government in the development process, impacts resulting from light rail development, council responses and lessons for future light rail projects. With increasing interest in light rail development the refinement of engagement processes and utilisation of existing rail infrastructure is recommended.

Image credit: Transport for NSW

69

SAMANTHA MILLER

EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION AND CENTRESB A S E D S T R AT E G I C PLANNING: Sydney 2001â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2011

Agglomeration forces have played a role in shaping the urban form of cities to date, however it remains unclear in a post-industrial landscape, whether city structure remains centralised, polycentric or dispersed. This thesis examines trends in employment growth in the Sydney Metropolitan Area (SMA) from 2001 to 2011. The SMA has created an additional 200,000 jobs over this time period with increases in employment have been distributed almost evenly between the Sydney West Region (53%) and the Sydney East Region (47%). The health sector has now surpassed both retail trade and professional services as the highest employing industry accounting for 11% of the workforce.

However the health sector is more dispersed throughout the SMA. Sydney is representative of a polycentric urban form. The SMA has seen an increase in the number of centres from 45 to 54. Of the 54 centres identified, 52 correspond to locations of centres within the metropolitan planning framework. More than 95% of employment growth between 2001 and 2011 occurred within these 54 centres.

Additionally, the proportion of employment within centres has increased from previous studies and now represents the majority of employment. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the centres-based approach to guide the distribution of employment.

71

DAV I D MOODY

MARINA DEVELOPMENTS IN SYDNEY HARBOUR: Towards a simplified, integrated and sensitive planning process

Sydney Harbour, reputedly one of the most beautiful harbours in the world, is subject to increasing demands from various user groups. It is no surprise that recreational boating is the dominant form of activity on this waterway.

When there are high levels of recreational boating combined with commercial shipping, public transport and the urbanisation of the Sydney Harbour foreshore, the result is fierce competition for marine infrastructure.

Herein lies the problem; increasing levels of recreational boating over the years has led to decreasing levels of suitable and available space to store such vessels. The demand for recreational boating is likely to continue to grow but whether this growth can be accommodated by additional facilities in Sydney Harbour would be subject to a wide range of environmental, planning and social factors. These factors must be considered in an integrated and simplified planning system specifically formulated for the assessment of marina developments. This thesis argues that the current planning system does not achieve these objectives. However, a new planning system can be developed involving the integration and simplification of existing systems of government and legislation that will be better equipped to assess the range of factors applicable to marina developments in Sydney Harbour.

73

WILSON PERDIGAO

H E R I TA G E C O N S E R VAT I O N AND DEVELOPMENT I N SY D N E Y: A comparative study of the attitudes of the general public and developers

The relationship between heritage conservation and development in Sydney has often been tense, but the ‘Green Ban’ movements of the 1970s prompted an increased awareness of heritage both in communities and government. This awareness led to the formalisation of a statutory framework in New South Wales that would protect heritage sites and areas. The advent of heritage consciousness, although vital to the conservation of Sydney’s historic built environment, has resulted in an attitudinal divide between heritage preservation and development interests. The threat of development to heritage conservation is ever-present as a result of the need to accommodate Sydney’s growing population and is particularly evident in Parramatta, which is currently undergoing rapid transformation. This thesis investigates the value of heritage conservation in Sydney through a comparative analysis of the attitudes of the general public and those of developers. Both stakeholder groups were identified as research participants because of their experiences with heritage projects in Sydney. The research identifies the value of heritage conservation to the individual, community and the economy and argues the need to review legislation and practice in order to achieve better outcomes for both the public and developers.

75

JAMES PINK

TR ANSPORT HUB: Exploring Sydneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s interchange future

Transport Interchanges are where different forms of transport meet and where passengers can transfer from one mode to another. These precincts are a focal point and a crucial element contributing to an efficient public transport system. As modern cities continue to expand and consolidate, there is ever-increasing pressure on the use of land, especially around and within core assets such as transport interchanges. This thesis explores Sydneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s public transport interchanges in terms of their current design and development processes, understanding what is and isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allowing for the best possible outcomes in terms of their functioning and contribution to the city.

In-depth interviews with key stakeholders involved within the transport planning realm expose new considerations and ideas. These ideas are further explored through a selection of case studies in Sydney, including Circular Quay Interchange, Liverpool Interchange and Central Station Interchange, as well as international best practice studies. From these research methods, future practices are considered that can better provide for passenger requirements and improve interchange experiences.

Research insights lead to recommendations being made in the thesis for the design and development of transport interchanges in Sydney to be more focused on end-users.

77

H AY L E Y PULLINGER

T A L K T O A C T: Involving communities in urban bushland

Everyone should be involved in the places that make their local area special. Motivations for involvement stem from the value that an individual places on a task or outcome; it can be extremely challenging to galvanise groups into action if a particular task or outcome is not valued by them. One method for increasing the perceived value of community involvement in local areas is through informing, educating, involving and empowering people to be autonomous in their decision-making. This thesis centres on the value of urban bushland to local communities and the extent of their involvement in its maintenance. Where bushlands are not valued by local communities, this can lead to degradation or neglect. Through a review of relevant literature and interviews with Council and Bush care staff, the research considers why local bushland is not more highly valued by urban dwellers and looks at what planning professionals might do to change this for the better. Planners seek to protect and enhance the natural environment in balance with the built environment. The thesis argues that they are therefore well placed to facilitate the restoration of urban bushland, including through increasing the involvement of local residents in its ongoing maintenance. Such efforts can deliver a range of monetary, health and environmental benefits.

Š Anna Rachel Photographer 2014

79

ASHER RICHARDSON

GR AFFITI VA N DA LIS M A N D TH E EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CPTED HOTSPOT PROGR AM

Graffiti vandalism is a contemporary urban phenomenon that can have negative social, economic and environmental impacts for local communities. The proper protection of the built environment is a core responsibility of urban planning. To this end, robust and enforceable planning legislation, steeped in empirical evidence and research, can help to manage the impacts that graffiti vandalism has on local communities. As part of the New South Wales Governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s commitment to preventing and reducing the incidence and costs of graffiti vandalism, the CPTED Graffiti Hotspot Program provided grants to councils to retrofit graffiti hotspots with preventative anti-graffiti design treatments. This thesis investigates CPTED treatments at five intervention sites across two local government areas in the Sydney Metropolitan area. The research evaluates the effectiveness of the program in achieving its ultimate goal of preventing and reducing the incidence of graffiti vandalism.

81

AINSLEY ROTGANS

THE INFLUENCE OF POLITICS ON PLANNING: A case study of the Planning Bill 2013

Planning takes place in a highly politicised environment directed by power struggles that shape policy outcomes.

As the principal planning authority in NSW, the State Government plays a key role in determining these outcomes. On 26 March 2011 the Liberal–National Coalition won a landslide victory in the NSW State election, with the convincing win interpreted as a mandate for change.

Reform of the NSW planning system commenced almost immediately, with reform set to continue for the next 2½ years under the Government’s ambitious goal of replacing the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (EP&A) 1979. This process was always going to be a challenging and highly political task, not only because of the wide variety of stakeholders involved but also due to the political composition of parliament and distribution of power. This thesis examines the planning reform process through an analysis of parliamentary records and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, focusing specifically on the factors that informed political action and decision-making. Central to exploration of the issue is a case study of the Planning Bill 2013 which exemplifies the political challenges of implementing new planning policy. The research reveals that without improved leadership, public trust and commitment to consensus beyond election cycles, planning will continue to be plagued by conflict.

83

CLAIRE R YA N

140 CH A R ACTERS OR LESS: Improving the use of Facebook and Twitter in the NSW planning process

The use of social media around the world is on a meteoric rise. This thesis analyses the use of Facebook and Twitter and looks at how they can be used more effectively within the NSW planning process. An analysis of the literature and discourse relevant to public involvement and social media use reveals that the planning industry is underutilising Facebook and Twitter. This study thoroughly compares the use of Facebook and Twitter by three NSW state government agencies through qualitative interviews and questionnaires with a representative from each agencyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s social media team. These case studies are supplemented with 30 major and 217 minor case examples of organisational Facebook and Twitter use, both related and unrelated to the planning industry. This analysis establishes that the use of social media for public involvement within the planning process could be improved upon greatly. The thesis presents best practice processes, policies and procedures for using Facebook and Twitter as public involvement tools in the planning industry.

Recommendations include boosting levels of engagement, conversation and interaction between the public and planning authorities, engaging a wider audience, establishing an organisational hierarchy of posting content, and determining when it is appropriate to post content on a social media platform.

85

N AV D E E P SHERGILL

ADAPTIVE REUSE IN T H E C I T Y O F SY D N E Y: Is it worth it?

Heritage and historic buildings are physical reminders of Sydneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s past. However, very rarely are these buildings used for their original purpose and the mere nature of the building therefore changes in order to make it functional in a contemporary setting. In the most basic sense, this is adaptive reuse; a refit of a building that not only has to cope with internal changes, but is also subject to economic, cultural, heritage and sustainability factors. This thesis is concerned with adaptive reuse in the City of Sydney Local Government Area; an area known for having some of the earliest buildings in Sydney. More specifically, the thesis aims to understand why adaptive reuse is implemented, why the private sector decides to undertake or avoid adaptive reuse and what systematic processes the public sector has implemented to promote and regulate adaptive reuse. In the research, key factors and trends are identified that are unique to the City of Sydney and recommendations are presented with the aim of making adaptive reuse a more attractive and feasible option for development.

87

ELLIE-MAE SIMPSON

INTERNAL TUG - OF-WAR: Conflicting place identities and attachments to home for rural youth out-migration students

Each year thousands of Australian rural youth leave their local areas for further education in cities. This rural youth out-migration trend changes young peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s relationships with other people and places, which can impact their wellbeing. Also of concern is how the transition impacts their involvement in the planning, protection and improvement of the communities they have left, and migrated to. These issues are explored using data obtained from twelve unstructured in-depth interviews that detail the journey of university students who have migrated from rural areas to Sydney, Australia to attend the University of New South Wales. Narratives from the students detail their decision to migrate and their experiences in making the transition to university and Sydney. Also discussed is the development of place identities and attachments to Sydney and the rural community and how this influences their engagement with these environments. This research is important for the development of policies concerning young people, migration and wellbeing. It is also valuable for planners and others working in communities with large student populations who are involved in fostering and developing place attachments and identities to support the involvement of young people in planning decisions.

89

H AY L E Y TA S D A R I A N

A C T I VAT E I T A N D THEY WILL COME!

People are attracted to public spaces because they are active. Active spaces have the ability to meet the day-today needs of a range of user groups. In order to create or sustain activity in public space, and to keep its use relevant to the surrounding social fabric, the incorporation of urban activation initiatives in planning policy is vital.

Recently, urban activation has been embraced by local governments across the Sydney Metropolitan area. Their aim has been to transform underutilised and empty public spaces into active hubs of creativity. Activation projects implemented by local councils have attempted to create vibrant public spaces and to support and integrate creative industries within the public realm. The aim of this research is to explore the local government intentions that drive the activation of public space. This is done through the use of four case studies and a series of in-depth interviews.

The thesis distinguishes between urban activation being a worn-out â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;buzzwordâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, and being a mechanism for the development of existing planning policy and practice that can support the vibrancy and life of Sydney.

91

JESSICA VOLK ANOVSKI

D E S P I T E W H AT YOU ’ VE BEEN TO LD, P L AYG R O U N D S W I L L NEVER GET OLD

Australia’s population is ageing, especially now that the Baby Boomers generation have moved into the demographic of 60+ years. However, a growing body of research recognises that the built environment does not always accommodate the needs and abilities of seniors – instead it often results in their isolation. In 2006, the first recorded seniors’ playground was installed in Barcelona, Spain. Absent of the stereotypical slippery dip and swings found in children’s playgrounds, seniors’ playgrounds are specifically designed for people aged 60 or over and focus on co-ordination, motor skills and memory functions, whilst also encouraging intergenerational play. This thesis analyses the only two seniors’ playgrounds that exist in the Sydney Metropolitan Region, in Leichhardt and Penrith.

Using a wide range of literature sources, interviews with design professionals and investigating international case studies, the thesis constructs and tests a new and ‘bestpractice’ post-occupancy evaluation instrument that can be used to assess seniors’ playgrounds for issues of equity, conflicting uses, and determine design solutions to ensure they are spaces for seniors. The findings of the thesis contribute to the limited research and knowledge of seniors’ playgrounds internationally. They will benefit planners, designers and policy makers, especially given that there are likely to be more seniors’ playgrounds in Australia’s future built environment.

93

MASTER OF PLANNING: PLANNING PROJECT

95

COURSE S TAT E M E N T MASTER OF PLANNING: PLANNING PROJECT

MPLAN PLANNING PROJECT C O O R D I N ATO R , 2 014

Simon Pinnegar

The Master of Planning (MPLAN) at UNSW is somewhat younger than its undergraduate sibling, but it has quickly established itself as a crucial contributor to urban planning education in our city. This year we welcomed almost 50 new students commencing their degree; here we celebrate the work of 36 graduands who completed their Planning Projects during 2014.

Our Masters students proudly encapsulate tremendous diversity in terms of background, academic pathways and experience. Reflecting the multi-varied aspects of our profession, they join us from a breadth of related disciplines – architects, geographers, political economists, social scientists, to name a few – and come with a myriad life, professional and practical experiences to apply to the planning context.

International students make up around a third of our postgraduate body, and while Sydney and Australia often provides the focus of our enquiry, perspective, comparison and best practice is drawn from across that spectrum.

In their final semester, students typically undertake a major Planning Project: a substantive piece of work grounded in primary research on a topic of their choosing. Since inception, the course has been delivered in conjunction with the City Futures Research Centre, with our supervision team drawing upon the skills of some of Australia’s leading young urban planning researchers.

For the students, it is a tremendous undertaking. In the space of just 13 weeks, they identify their subject, develop a proposal, apply for ethics approval from the university, arrange and conduct their research, analyse the results, present to class and write a 10–12,000 word thesis. Every semester we see students start their research journeys with some trepidation; they complete it with a tremendous sense of achievement. And rightly so: we never fail to be impressed with the quality of what they produce. Their theses not only act as an overarching achievement of what they have learned throughout the degree, but offer a statement about their interests, passions and commitment to the issues and questions they have explored as they present themselves to the workforce.

Every year, hundreds of in-depth interviews and surveys are conducted, and reams of data analysed. In enabling this engagement with the world around them, I extend our students’ thanks to the many stakeholders who have assisted them in this task. Putting ‘evidence in place’ relies upon the support of the planners, policy makers, agencies and communities who have given their time to share their knowledge as much as the hard work and commitment of the students themselves.

I am delighted to present to you the work of this year’s completing MPLAN students, and wish them the very best in their future planning careers.

G R A D U AT I N G C L A S S O F 2 0 1 4 ( S E M E S T E R 2 S T U D E N T S O N LY )

FI RST ROW ( L– R)

S EC O N D ROW ( L– R)

T H I R D ROW ( L– R)

Dwi Turistyosari, Elise Leeder, Alice Meng,

Clare Leffers, Chao Chen, Bo Pang,

Zhenyu Wang, Pei Goh, Aryo Nusyirwan,

James Hansen, Tija Stagni, Tia Gao,

Ziad Naim, Mengqi Li, Lewis Westhoff,

Grace Brooks, Aaron Gray, Jan Dashkevich,

Tianxiao Liang

Taylar Vernon, Hayley Marks

Mark Crispin, Luke Johnson, Adrian Quinn

97

JANE ANDERSON

OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING PEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCES IN SYDNEY’S CITY CENTRE

Sydney’s city centre has a picturesque natural setting – the beautiful harbour and surrounding green parklands, along with great climatic conditions, should provide an outstanding experience for pedestrians. However pedestrian priority is a problem in the city centre with a street hierarchy which favours motorised transport over other forms of mobility. This thesis explores opportunities to improve pedestrian experience in the public realm in Sydney’s CBD. Particular focus is paid to ‘secondary’ streets – the streets which do not have major plans in place for renewal or pedestrianisation in the short term.

Through analysis of established principles of successful urban design and City of Sydney planning strategies, this research examines the qualities which create positive pedestrian experiences using an overarching framework of ‘protection’, ‘comfort’ and ‘delight’. Surveys with 45 pedestrians and interviews with a range of experts helped identify the importance of pedestrian experiences in informing a person’s perception of the built environment and sense of place. A user hierarchy which promotes pedestrian priority in the street network is suggested to redress the failings of motorised transport oriented mobility.

99

JAMES ARNOLD

L A N D VA LU E CAPTURE TO FUND TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN NEW SOUTH WALES

Transport infrastructure in New South Wales is currently not up to standards, and future challenges will only make the situation worse. The central issue underlying the problem is a lack of available funds. In this context, ‘land value capture’ funding strategies potentially offer an ideal solution. This thesis seeks to provide a thorough investigation and analysis of ‘land value capture’ to fund transport infrastructure provision in the NSW context. A combination of academic literature, government and industry documents, and in-depth interviews are used to achieve this. The interviewees are identified as being important stakeholders for infrastructure funding in NSW and represent a range of different employment sectors.

Findings from the research illuminate the particular historic, taxation and cultural factors shaping infrastructure funding and provision in NSW. Key issues of importance for value capture in the State are also identified, including the need for strategies to be considered, structured and implemented on a case-by-case basis because of the highly context-specific effects transport provision can have on land values. While the issues identified in this study are specifically related to the NSW context, many of them are applicable more widely in Australia and overseas.

101

SARAH BAKER

THE CIT Y OF SYDNEY P L A N 1971: Analysis and evaluation of a strategic plan

In 1971, City of Sydney Council published its first strategic plan. This project analyses and evaluates the visionary City of Sydney Strategic Plan 1971 and its subsequent iterations completed in 1974 and 1977. A mix of qualitative and historical methods are used – namely policy review, archival research and semi-structured interviews with planners – in order to construct an historical understanding of the plan. An existing analytical framework for metropolitan plans is employed, as well as a novel evaluation framework which takes inspiration from the analytical framework, similar studies of strategic plans and the evaluation’s subject. The 1971 Plan is revealed as a visionary strategic plan, and the product of a pioneering planning approach. However, the evaluation reveals that despite the creation of specific implementation tools for the plan, the implementation phase was hindered by conflict with existing statutory plans and planning processes. This conflict resulted in implementation concerns dominating the plan’s later iterations, while physical planning goals and strategic vision were minimised. This research identifies that the 1971 Plan initially operated within a model which afforded primacy to strategic vision over statutory planning, and concludes by discussing this model in the context of other possible orientations between strategic and statutory planning.

103

ADDISON BOY K I N

DOES 15 - MINUTE FR EE PA R K I N G H ELP LOCAL BUSINESS? A case study of Glebe Point Road

In December 2013, City of Sydney Council initiated a one year trial of 15-minute free parking on several of its main retail streets. The aim of the policy is to boost local business, and has proved popular among business owners and residents. There has been limited research, however, as to whether the policy is effective against its stated aims, and indeed much of the academic literature regarding free parking has raised a number of questions in this regard.

This research uses Glebe Point Road as a case study to explore this seeming discrepancy and provide greater insight as to whether the policy is meeting its objectives in assisting local business. Two methods are utilised: direct observation of parking space turnover and occupancy rates, and surveys conducted with over 30 drivers parking in the case study area. The levels of turnover seen suggests that the policyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s overall effectiveness may be less than expected, and assessment of occupancy rates highlights a high degree of variation depending on the time of day and day of the week. However the survey results suggest that the policy is assisting local businesses, with a majority of respondents noting regular use of the 15 minute parking and that it is an important factor in encouraging them to shop locally.

105

GR ACE BROOKS

OVERLAP: The relationship between universities, students and accommodation

Student accommodation has traditionally had a strong relationship with university education. Two essential questions have framed this relationship: who should provide accommodation, and in what form should it be?

Education is one of Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most important exports, as well as being central to moving to an informationbased economy, and given the high costs of housing in our major cities, accommodation is a significant issue.

Despite this, there is little research into Australian student accommodation. The pressures of some of the most competitive housing markets in the world affects both domestic and international students alike, and there is increasing publicity of international students in particular finding themselves in precarious housing scenarios with high levels of overcrowding and concerns regarding safety.

This research compares university student accommodation in Australia with provision in other advanced economies including the UK and US. Utilising a range of quantitative data, the study proposes an analytical framework and typology to help better understand the parameters shaping existing options for student housing. Challenges are highlighted, and alternative solutions put forward.

107

CHAO CHEN

GR AFFITI AND URBAN GOVERNANCE I N SY D N E Y: An analysis of the role of mobile media technology on graffiti management in Redfern

Graffiti is a longstanding issue for cities around the world.

For city administrators, graffiti is a concern as it may be seen as detrimental to local neighbourhood environments.

This study explores the complex intersection of mobile media technology, community collaboration and urban governance on graffiti issues through a detailed analysis of the role of mobile media for graffiti management in Redfern, Sydney. Findings from a survey of 60 members of the general public indicate that the public is willing to work with local government to create legal graffiti art for their community and to share their works using mobile media technology and social networking channels.

However, the public is more resistant to the idea of reporting illegal graffiti vandalism to the local authority through such technology. Urban governance should be a co-responsibility for both the local authority and residents.

This thesis builds upon its findings to provide a series of principles and actions for encouraging the public to participate in managing graffiti successfully which may have important implications for Sydney in the context of the current digital age.

109

MARK CRISPIN

MAPPING ACTIVE T R AV EL TO SC H O O L

Active travel to school (ATS) has been declining in recent years, directly contrasting with increasing rates of childhood obesity and portion of vehicle trips for education.

As integrating physical exercise into daily travel is one of the most effective ways of introducing baseline physical activity, there are direct benefits to students, and society through public health, emissions and congestion. This study spatially analysed the travel to school of Melrose Park Public School students to identify barriers and opportunities for ATS. These results were compared with existing literature, then discussed with academics and practicing professionals to assess the utility of the results as part of a broader discussion on current active travel trends and policy. The results of this study paralleled issues identified in the literature: safety was of greatest concern, along with provision and maintenance of infrastructure, distance to school and trip chaining. Though the issues were not unique, this study located them spatially, clearly highlighting positive and negative hotspots. Combining these results with traced routes to school created a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;travel snapshotâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; unique to the school. This study argues the spatial dimension is a worthwhile addition to ATS data. It is recommended that future studies with this methodology be conducted on a scale that allows deeper engagement with multiple schools, allowing for accurate inter- and intraschool comparisons.

Image is property of, and used with the permission of Melrose Park Public School.

111

JAN DASHKEVICH

S O C I A L C A P I TA L G E N E R AT I O N IN MIGRANT COMMUNITIES: A Belarusian example in Melbourne

This research aims to improve our understanding of mechanisms of social capital and the synthesis of migrant communities in Australia in order to assist migrant integration. Qualities of embeddedness and autonomy in social networks affect social cohesion within migrant groups and thus may not encourage integration into the wider Australian society. Through qualitative interviews with members of the Belarusian community in Melbourne as an example, the study provides insight into the lives of migrants in Australia. The study partially confirms the hypothesis that communities with high embeddedness and low autonomy are less likely to integrate members into the wider society. It was found that the Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Belarus plays a key role in unifying Belarusian migrants in Melbourne which has resulted in increased social connections amongst themselves.

However, such connections coupled with other factors may have contributed to lower social cohesion with the wider Australian community. The study has revealed little evidence of negative social capital, although limitations of the methodology may have contributed to this finding. The results imply the need to provide places of gathering, to manage diversity as well as to foster social connections between migrant communities and host societies. Further research may target the mechanisms of generating such connections.

113

ERNEST F R AT C Z A K

URBAN C O N S O L I D AT I O N AND THE CHANGING CHAR ACTER OF ERSKINEVILLE

The pressures of accommodating population growth in Australia’s major cities have placed considerable attention on policies which promote densification and urban consolidation. Frequently the opposition to medium and high rise development is attributed to the negative impact that residents claim it will have on neighbourhood character.

This paper explores how the character of the inner-Sydney suburb of Erskineville is interpreted by residents in social and experiential terms, independently of the suburb’s physical characteristics. Through conducting an online survey, a sample of 45 responses reveals how attitudes to recent development are formed by local residents across a broad demographic spectrum. A significant proportion of the respondents in the survey expressed an acceptance of the suburb’s dynamic and diverse character and considered new apartment residents to be a part of the character of the suburb. These exploratory findings can help inform further research into community perceptions of future urban consolidation.

115

TIA GAO

CHINESE IMMIGR ANT PA R EN TS â&#x20AC;&#x2122; PERSPECTIVES O N P L AYG R O U N D E Q U I P M E N T: Play vs. exercise in the local pocket park

Parks and outdoor playgrounds are highly valued by planners given the social and health benefits they provide for the local community. This research explores the perspectives of recent Chinese immigrant families to consider how parks and playgrounds meet their particular needs, and to determine whether such insights might be used to inform future design and provision of these spaces. Through interviews with around thirty Chinese immigrant parents in Randwick Local Government Area, the research explored expectations regarding the type of play equipment provided and how this impacts upon preferences identified by the parents in terms of which playgrounds and pocket parks they used. The survey also explored parents impressions of their childâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s activities and behaviours associated with particular types of equipment provision. Findings highlight the importance of safety and variety in equipment, and the need for designers and planners to understand the local needs and preferences of their local communities in order to maximise the benefit of playground provision and use in their area.

117

PEI GOH

WHO HAS THE RIGHT TO LIVE IN THE CIT Y? A case study of the Sirius Building in The Rocks, Sydney

This thesis asks the question ‘who has the right to live in the city?’ The research investigates how democracy, equity and diversity exist in tension and prove difficult to combine in the real world of politics. On 19 March 2014, then Community Services Minister Pru Goward announced that the government would sell the 79-unit Sirius Building in The Rocks, along with 214 other public housing properties at Millers Point and Gloucester Street due to the high cost of maintenance to improve properties to an acceptable standard. The sale of the properties is expected to rapidly gentrify one of Sydney’s oldest neighbourhoods. Jane Jacobs pointed out fifty years ago that good cities are layered, complex, fine-grained and both functionally and demographically mixed. Sydney, however, appears to be becoming increasingly the preserve of the rich, and government policies are acting to exacerbate this. Through a series of interviews with key stakeholders and resident groups, this research considers whether the proposed relocation of public housing tenants living in the Sirius building will impact upon their wellbeing. Findings explore residents’ feelings towards the announcement and the uncertainty it has caused; how gentrification and market forces diminish social equality; and what happens to the soul of a city inhabited only by the wealthy.

119

A ARON G R AY

O PEN S PAC E I N A PA RT M EN T COMPLEXES

For the past twenty years, medium-to-high density dwelling types have comprised the majority of new housing stock in Metropolitan Sydney. This increase in multi-unit stock has been driven by the NSW State Government through a suite of strategies, directions and environmental planning instruments collectively known in Australia as urban consolidation policy. The design of medium-to-high density dwellings has historically catered for residents conforming to traditional planning stereotypes (singles, couples and the elderly) without recognising the emerging diversity of residents living in multi-unit dwellings as well as the increasingly long periods of time spent living in this type of housing. This thesis concentrates on the provision of common open space in low rise apartments; a feature of apartments which has historically been a design off-cut and a space inadvertently shaped by a design process concerned with building envelope position. It questions whether or not this space needs to be more carefully considered to suit the demographic mix of apartment residents and the longer terms of apartment residency. Through research undertaken in the Ryde Local Government Area, this paper provides some recommendations as to how this common space might be provided in future apartment complexes in a way that most suits those living there.

121

JAMES HANSEN

INFLUENCES ON INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Effective infrastructure underpins the social and economic health of all cities and regions. Through supporting economic activity, improving productivity, and providing access to opportunities, infrastructure builds stronger cities and communities. While critically important, the delivery of infrastructure is a complex issue, covering a broad range of disciplines, including; economics, finance, public policy, corporate governance, and risk management. For planners, understanding infrastructure from this broad range of disciplines is a challenging task. This thesis seeks to simplify the challenge of understanding infrastructure through the development of a comprehensive model of infrastructure development. Rather than investigating infrastructure through a single discipline, this research aims to develop a multidisciplinary model through an understanding of the range of influences that shape infrastructure planning and development decisions. To develop this model, the research surveyed a range of literature to form a hypothesised model. The hypothesised model was then analysed through a series of case studies to validate the model against real world examples. The case studies were researched through interviews with professionals within infrastructure related fields. The completed model provides academics, planners and infrastructure professionals with a comprehensive framework to identify the broadest range of issues that influence infrastructure development. It is hoped this model will help urban decision-makers become better informed to deliver better policy outcomes, and better infrastructure investments.

123

CHLORIS HOU

RESIDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF HIGH DENSITY HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

The Australian Bureau of Statistics estimates that the total population of Sydney will increase to 6 million by 2036. The demand for housing will increase along with this population growth. In response to this challenge, the recent draft Metropolitan Strategy highlights the important role to be played by medium and high density development in helping meeting the target of at least 545,000 new dwellings across Sydney by 2031. Knowing residents’ opinions and suggestions regarding high density development in their local area could be a valuable way for government and the public to maximise the advantages and minimise the disadvantages of such development and enable a better life for residents. A single suburb case study, which included interviews with one coordinator from Kogarah Council and fifty-two residents living in the neighbourhood, was used to obtain information on perceptions of residents about high-density developments.

The research investigated the issues that residents were concerned about, residents’ actions in response to these issues, and Council’s response. The results show that the residents interviewed were mainly concerned about sunlight, privacy, safety, noise, traffic, parking, infrastructure and social issues. The thesis discusses some possible ways to minimise the negative impacts brought by high density housing development.

125

CAROLINE HOWARD

A N I N V E S T I G AT I O N INTO THE TR ANSPORT D I LEM M A S FAC ED

BY UNSW STUDENTS AND HOW THESE AFFECT THEIR TR ANSPORT CHOICES

The UNSW campus in Kensington offers an important case study for understanding transport mode choices in a city which struggles in terms of adequate public transit provision. Located in the Eastern suburbs and not served by rail, the campusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; 40,000+ students are essentially dependent upon bus services, walking, cycling or driving by car for their travel to and from university. For those not driving, ensuring an effective bus service has been seen as crucial, and despite express and dedicated routes being provided, competing with the car is a challenge. This thesis explores this challenge, and seeks to build a better understanding of mode choice amongst students and the reasons, motivations that shape how students travel to and from the campus. A survey was conducted with over 200 students to determine factors shaping the choices made by students and issues that might impact upon those choices in future. Findings from the survey suggest that convenience is a key consideration for many students and even with the arrival of Light Rail in 2019/2020, the location of the campus and wider lack of connectivity across the public transport system means that this will remain. The choices that students make in relation to getting to and from UNSW provide important insights into the wider dilemmas shaping transport planning debates across the city.

127

LUKE JOHNSON

HOW DOES THE TREND TOWARD ‘ D E C O N C E N T R AT I N G D I S A D VA N TA G E ’ O N PUBLIC HOUSING E S TAT E S T H R O U G H SOCIAL MIXING I M PACT O N H OW COMMUNITIES INTER ACT WITH EACH OTHER?

State and Territory Governments in Australia are adopting a policy of ‘social mix’ as a solution to many of the problems associated with mono-tenure public housing estates established through the middle of the 20th century. Policies in support of social mixing have differed significantly across jurisdictions and this study seeks to build upon the limited and often contradictory research that exists in the field. It considers the perceived benefits of deconcentration across three main categories: social mixing, encounter/interaction and stigmatisation. The research provides a case study based upon ‘organic’ social mixing of a housing area in South Maroubra and reports findings gathered from a survey to ascertain patterns of behaviour relating to interaction between public housing residents and owner-occupiers. Results indicate that interaction between public housing residents and owner-occupiers is limited, with there being insufficient places and limited opportunities for interaction to occur.

Results also indicate that public housing residents found that they perceived themselves as being looked down upon by their private housing neighbours. This informs us of the importance of good quality public spaces in housing developments and in the importance of planning for encounter and interaction.

129

TINA K AO

T H E I M PACT O F R E TA I L M A R K E T S ON THE LOCAL EC O N O M Y: A study of Surry Hills Market and its effects on the local precinct

In 2013, the Newtown community market was temporarily shut down by Marrickville Council, based on anecdotal claims received from the community that the stalls were operating in direct competition to established local retail businesses. The event highlighted potential tensions between the role of local community markets in contributing to neighbourhood character and appeal on the one hand, and their potential impact on existing businesses on the other. This research uses the Surry Hills market as a case study in order to better understand the impact of markets on the local economy from a planning perspective.

Interviews were held with a range of stakeholders and positioned within a broader analysis of the socio-economic context of the case study area. These discussions raise a number of important considerations regarding the operation of the market in its Surry Hills location, including effects on foot traffic, consumer choice, tourism potential and both the competing and complementary nature of market stall offerings on shops in the near vicinity.

Findings from the research present a holistic perspective on the interaction between local markets and their â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;hostâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; neighbourhood economies and present a framework within which policymakers can more effectively determine whether, and how, markets provide benefits to those localities.

131

ELISE LEEDER

D O E S R E C R E AT I O N A L INFRASTRUCTURE FA C I L I TAT E P H Y S I C A L ACTIVIT Y?

As societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s understanding of the impact of lifestyle related illnesses develops, gyms, health clubs and sporting facilities are becoming increasingly prevalent in our cities.

By comparison, free-to-use, recreational infrastructure such as parks and walking tracks are arguably somewhat underutilised. The nature and extent of this free-to-use infrastructure is often dictated by a number of factors at the LGA level, including the local areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural landscape, socio-demographic characteristics, and relative fiscal health. In turn, these factors often dictate the ease with which councils can introduce new infrastructure and maintain existing infrastructure, the levels and patterns of use, and the relationship these free recreational facilities have with the increasing growth in private health facilities. This research examines the current recreational infrastructure within two local government areas in metropolitan Sydney: Pittwater, representing a wealthy area in the suburban north, and Penrith, a more mixed and diverse LGA at the foot of the Blue Mountains in the west. The study involves data analysis, a review of current legislation, and interviews with both community members and decision makers. Comparison between these two LGAs considers whether a relationship can be seen between recreational infrastructure provision and the extent to which physical activity is facilitated. It also seeks to identify the potential barriers to physical activity within these areas and offers potential solutions to addressing those barriers.

133

CLARE LEFFERS

AN ASSESSMENT O F T H E I M PACT O F DEFENCE HOUSING SUPPORT ON THE HOUSING MARKET IN SYDNEY

The Australian Defence Force currently operates a number of military bases in Sydney. These bases are staffed by a significant number of military personnel, the majority of whom live in some form of Defence subsidised housing in the Sydney area. These subsidies are not often mentioned in the urban planning literature and the extent of these subsidies and their impact on the local housing market is not well known. Through detailed data analysis, this thesis explores these subsidies by investigating the policy behind Defence subsidised housing, the numbers and costs involved, and the impact, if any, of Defence housing support on the local Sydney housing market. The research found that while the cost of housing Defence personnel in Sydney is high, the number and distribution of Defence personnel living in Sydney is not significant enough to have a great impact on the local housing market. Defence housing subsidies are only likely to affect a relatively small number of key suburbs surrounding some of the major Defence establishments in Sydney but are unlikely to have a major impact on other suburbs across the city.

Image courtesy of Department of Defence

135

TIANXIAO LIANG

FACTO RS INFLUENCING CHINESE FIRST HOME BUYERSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; DECISION TO LIVE IN A NEW C O M M U N I T Y: Rhodes as a case study

House prices in Sydney have witnessed a sharp increase in the last few years. In recent months, there has been considerable speculation regarding the potential role that overseas purchasers, and in particular Chinese investors, may be playing in driving up values in key metropolitan housing markets. This thesis explores the motivations of recent Chinese house buyers in the suburb of Rhodes in the City of Canada Bay. The research explores the decisions to purchase amongst recently-arrived Chinese immigrants as well as first generation Chinese Australians who have recently purchased in the suburb. Of particular interest is the search process used and motivations demonstrated by these recent buyers in choosing a newly developed suburb over areas associated with established Chinese communities. Face-to-face surveys with recent buyers are complemented by interviews with real estate agents and a developer operating in the area.

The results reveal that the reasons why Chinese buyers were purchasing in Rhodes echo the purchase motivations common across most groups and in most localities, with factors including safety and access to good parks, transport and shopping facilities high up the list. Insight from the developer and agents also highlight a strong awareness of the local demand profile of those purchasing in the area and focus on ensuring that the product being built and marketed is catering for those preferences.

137

MENGQI LI

HOW DOES C H I N AT O W N A S S I S T CHINESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TO M A N A G E ‘ C U LT U R E S H O C K ’, W H E N T H E Y ARE STUDYING IN SYDNEY?

In 2012–13, 119,000 Chinese students were studying at Australian universities, contributing $3.9 billion to the nation’s economy. Many face significant culture shock as they settle into their new country. Chinatown in the Haymarket area of central Sydney is assumed to offer a supportive environment helping overseas Chinese students adapt. Fifty Chinese university students completed a questionnaire about their experience, with five participants selected for further in-depth interviews. These interviews explored their opinions on Chinatown, how they coped with living and studying in Sydney, and their views on what universities could do to assist students manage the process of settling into their new environment. The research found that Chinatown played a key role for Chinese university students to acclimatise, however it also impedes more integrated assimilation into city Sydney’s broader community to a certain extent. Findings suggest that organisations that can help facilitate intercultural communication should be established to improve exchange. Enabling international students – a crucial part of the city economy – to fully take part and engage with the city is crucial in ensuring that Sydney more effectively reflects its ‘global city’ aspirations.

139

H AY L E Y MARKS

A N I N V E S T I G AT I O N INTO PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING ON THE NORTHERN BEACHES OF SYDNEY

Public transport matters because it supports the economic, social and cultural life of a region. Historically, delivering public transport to peripheral areas has been problematic, and the Northern Beaches of Sydney provides an example where improving public transport infrastructure has been an enduring issue. This is, in part, because of a disconnect between the planning, management and delivery of a connected and efficient transport system. Transport systems need to be designed and managed as a cohesive whole. To facilitate this, understanding and cooperation between all levels of government is needed. This research investigates the planning and management of public transport infrastructure in the Northern Beaches based upon a series of interviews with key stakeholders in order to provide an understanding of inter-government relationships and their ability to provide an appropriate gateway for the delivery of much needed transport infrastructure in the subregion. Challenges still remain, particularly in relation to the assimilation of new infrastructure projects within existing networks. Holistic benefits cannot be achieved without improvements to integrated planning practice in the region.

141

ROBERT M C K I N L AY

TRAM OR BUS? Mode choice around the Inner West Light Rail

Passenger preference for light rail over bus based transport modes is a subject of debate within the literature. Mode preference is crucial to developing accurate passenger demand forecasts and comparing competing transport projects. Researchers have not come to a consensus yet and despite application of different methodologies, proof of a general preference for light rail over bus has not been established. For this research, a survey was used to discover the key drivers of passenger mode choice in Sydneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Inner West where tram and bus routes offer competing options. The survey was conducted using a leaflet distributed at bus stops and light rail stations which linked to an online questionnaire. Separately, a generalised cost model was used to predict light rail mode share for trips by bus and light rail from the survey sites.

The model was built by combining transport timetables with walking distances from bus stops and light rail stations.

These distances were then used to calculate travel time, cost and mode share across the study area. The model and survey results were compared to evaluate passenger mode preferences. If considered individually many of the findings could have ambiguous and contradictory interpretations, but when taken together it appears highly likely that light rail is preferred by passengers over the bus lines with which it competes.

143

ALICE MENG

AFFORDABILITY OF RESIDENTIAL AGED CA R E FACI LITI ES

Australia, like many other OECD countries, is experiencing growth in its ageing population. In Financial Year 2012–2013, more than AU$13 billion was spent by the Commonwealth and State Governments on aged care services, with the largest portion of funds contributed towards residential aged care services. The Australian Government has undergone several reforms in the last 15 to 20 years aimed at accommodating and responding to the growth in ageing. At the same time, there has been a drive to improve aged care services to meet constantly changing needs and expectations of the elderly. This thesis focuses on one of the aged care services provided to older Australians – Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs) – and examines whether they offer an affordable option to the households they are intended to cater for. The research draws upon extensive social, demographic and financial data in order to establish a picture of the provision and accessibility of such facilities appropriate to the needs and demands of their local communities. The suburbanlevel analysis presented in the research will contribute to planning considerations addressing the challenges and opportunities of an ageing population.

145

ZIAD NAIM

W H AT FA C T O R S INFLUENCE AND SHAPE LOCAL COMMUNITIES’ A C C E P TA N C E O F HIGHER DENSITY B U I LT F O R M ?

While the concepts of urban consolidation has been central in recent metropolitan plans for Sydney as a means of achieving sustainable urbanism, higher density development has faced considerable opposition by affected local communities. Therefore one of the challenges for achieving compact city policies will be to align communities’ expectations with the objectives of sustainable urbanism. The suburb of Kensington was chosen as a case study for this research due to its relatively central location and low-to-medium density characteristics.

It is also located on the City–South East Light Rail corridor and was recently chosen as a key focus for additional residential densities under the Randwick Urban Activation Precinct (RUAP) program. With the latter put on hold since September 2013, this research explores attitudes and views towards what was proposed in the RUAP amongst Kensington residents. A community survey was prepared and conducted, the results analysed and discussed with the local council. Research findings highlight a number of aspects that need to be addressed when implementing higher density development in a certain area, including: recognising the concerns of local communities as valid; communities’ capacity for change; timing and staging of development; and relationships to broader strategic frameworks.

147

A RYO NUSYIRWAN

DEVELOPING P U B L I C – P R I VAT E PA RT N ERS H I PS (PPPS): Strategies to enhance infrastructure investment in Indonesia

Despite Indonesia’s recent strong economic growth, infrastructure investment has not kept up at a commensurate pace. Lack of infrastructure spending is illustrated in the 2014 Indonesian State Budget, representing just 8.2 per cent of total government spending. Mid-term government estimates indicate that approximately US$214 billion was required in order to meet infrastructure needs; with expected State budget allocations of just US$140 billion, a shortfall of US$74 billion has been identified. This thesis explores current debates and considerations as to how this funding gap might be bridged, and in particular the use of Public Private Partnership (PPP) models in the Indonesian context.

Through an extensive literature review and detailed analysis of government documentation, the study considers whether the Australian experience of PPPs offers an appropriate model given Indonesia’s political and economic context and its fiscal arrangements.

149

BO PA N G

DANCE LESSONS FROM CHINA: Bringing daily dance activities to Sydney’s open spaces

The ‘Square Dance’ is a popular public activity in China.

It offers significant physical and mental health benefits for citisens, as well as providing opportunities for social experiences and connection. The City of Sydney is always focusing on improving the quality of communities.

There are more than 400 parks in Sydney’s local area, covering over 180 hectares. This research finds that the City of Sydney Council is supportive of encouraging ‘Square Dance’ activities in its open spaces. The Council recognises that such public activities in open spaces are beneficial for health, particularly increasing physical activity rates and enhancing social isolation. However, the ‘Square Dance’ has created conflicts in communities in China: competition from different groups wanting to use limited open space for dancing; the high volume of music disturbing nearby residents. Some of these issues have resulted in community groups fighting each other and in some cases, lawsuits have resulted. In Sydney the situation may not be so fraught. There are already local groups engaging in dance related activities in public urban areas, but there are fewer conflicts due to lower residential densities and larger open space areas. One of the most important aspects for dance activities in Sydney is increasing the participation of a variety of cultural groups beyond those from Asia.

151

ADRIAN QUINN

MORE THAN COAL, WINE AND STEEL: Post-industrial strategic planning in Newcastle and the Lower Hunter Valley

Strategic plans for the Hunter Valley over the past few decades have tended to lack the integration, scope, quality and authority required to match global best practice. The effectiveness of these plans has often been hindered by politics, bureaucracy and a lack of resources for consultation. With the impending release of the draft Lower Hunter Regional Growth Plan, this thesis attempts to gain an understanding of where NSW currently stands in regards to its strategic planning. Due to replace the 2006 Lower Hunter Regional Strategy, the as yet unreleased Lower Hunter Regional Growth Plan has been touted

by Lower Hunter planners as a first-of-its-kind strategic planning document for NSW that will feature strong connections between land use and infrastructure planning.

This research aims to gauge plannersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; perceptions of the upcoming Lower Hunter Regional Growth Plan. Data gained from a focus group consisting of local planners helps to identify common opinions, themes and issues.

Information from a number of interviews with various stakeholders provides an in-depth understanding of how strategic planning is currently performing in the region, including how the new plan could achieve better outcomes in future.

153

SARA SHERMAN

VIEW MANAGEMENT IN SYDNEY SQUARE

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;We will probably be judged not by the monuments we build but by those we have destroyedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

(Ada Louise Huxtable, 1963)

The visual dimension of historic places is critical for successful heritage conservation in cities. Without conservation of heritage settings, the significance of the heritage structure is lost. It is the visual dimension created by the setting in which a building stands that anchors historical identity with changing social and economic landscapes of cities. This thesis explores how the visual dimension of space, or views, to heritage buildings are managed alongside tall building development in cities.

Using Sydney Square Plaza in Sydney CBD, this study identifies another form of tension between planning theory and practice. In theory, a view framework is important for identifying and protecting significant views. A view framework then relies on prescriptive planning control in the form of urban design guidelines. In practice, urban design-led plans that value negotiation and expert consultation are arguably more successful. Flexible, design-led controls that rely on design review panels offer the potential for high quality architecture and urban design that integrate and enhance public views in heritage places.

155

TIJA S TA G N I

GREEN REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS: A grey area for government

The emergence of sustainable development as an important agenda at both global and national levels has motivated and provoked planners, governments and academics to reconsider how we plan for sustainable places. Despite ecologically sustainable development being one of the objectives of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW), there are no statutory planning instruments in NSW that regulate the environmental performance of commercial buildings. In the absence of any statutory planning controls, some local governments in NSW have introduced sustainability requirements to their development policies. This study explores the tools that are available to local governments to enforce sustainable outcomes, considering the use of mandatory environmental performance requirements.

The research considers the range of policy requirements being considered and implemented by local and state government authorities, and peak body organisations working within the green building field. Policy framed around the use of sustainability assessment tools is one approach that can yield significant sustainability outcomes.

However, implementing strict sustainability requirements is fraught with risk and uncertainty for local governments.

Worse still, for those in the building industry, the proliferation of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;green tapeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; at any government level may do more harm than good and threatens the support that has already grown in the industry.

157

MARIA S T E FA N I E

URBAN HOMESTEADING: A strategy for urban agricultural issues in response to Sydney’s future development

As a fast growing city, one of the crucial issues facing Sydney is how to maintain a balance between competing land use requirements, particularly with regards to residential development and food production. Large areas of productive agricultural land on the peri-urban fringe have been identified for future release for residential use, and the gradual decline in land available for market gardening and other agricultural uses raises important questions regarding urban food security. This thesis explores the potential feasibility of ‘urban homesteading’ – a form of urban agriculture, typically initiated at the local or community level – as a means of engaging with food security issues within the metropolitan strategic planning process. A series of interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholders to investigate the settings required to help encourage increased levels of urban agriculture. The research suggests that promoting urban homesteading projects across a range of contexts – both in the inner city as well as peri-urban areas – can assist large cities such as Sydney improve levels of self-sufficiency and food security.

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R ADEN RORO DWI TUR I ST YOSA R I

PU B LI C O PEN S PAC E PROVISION: A case study of riverside redevelopment projects in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Public open space plays a critical role in shaping the liveability and sustainability of cities. As a counterweight to congestion in built-up areas, open space provides a myriad benefits reflecting its environmental, social, economic, and aesthetic functions. Continued intensification within cities has reduced the amount of public open space available as other competing uses crowd out this important land use. Efforts by the local government to provide more public open space have faced a number of constraints, including: ineffective planning frameworks; limited financial resources to purchase land and enable its rehabilitation and landscaping; and limited capacity for the on-going management of new public open space. In Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Greenways along the riverbank have been identified as the next generation of public open space in an area where land is too expensive to purchase and existing large open spaces are scarce. This paper explores this trend, and investigates the processes and mechanisms whereby useful and valued public open space can be delivered in areas currently deficient in provision.

Community involvement and participation is highlighted as a central success factor in the planning, development, delivery and maintenance of these new public spaces.

Results also highlight the value local communities place on these spaces, both in terms of providing opportunities for recreation as well as sites for social interaction.

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TAY L A R VERNON

CA R PA R K I N G IN RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN SYDNEY

The existing urban footprint of Sydney is large and characterised by sprawling low density housing. As a result, much of Sydney experiences high levels of car dependency, with private motor vehicles being relied upon to access employment, essential services and recreation.

In recent times, much of Sydneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s housing growth has been in the form of high density multi-storey residential developments located around existing public transport nodes. Car parking in these developments is regulated in a number of ways and is dictated by the controls of the relevant local councilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Local Environmental Plan and Development Control Plan. Controls on parking may be provided as a minimum or maximum rate of provision, depending on whether the concern of that council is principally to restrict the number of new cars in a particular location and to promote housing affordability or to ensure that an adequate number of spaces are provided to satisfy the demand generated by that development. Through a detailed literature review, analysis of parking supply in new developments across Sydney and qualitative research involving interviews with developers and planners, this thesis assesses whether current residential car parking regulation in Sydney is appropriate and whether current regulations are likely to result in desirable outcomes.

163

ZHENYU WANG

PHOENIX RISING: A study of community resilience following the Springwood bushfire

Australia is one of the most bushfire-prone nations in the world. As the most heavily populated state, this is a particular issue in New South Wales. Bushfires have affected Australia over millions of years and it is part of the Australian landscape, however urban society is still learning how to accommodate this. As the metropolitan fringe continues to see new development, new subdivisions are often increasingly encroaching on areas which, given their peri-urban nature, are at greater risk of bushfire hazard. On 17 October 2013, nearly 200 homes were destroyed within the first few hours of a bushfire starting at Springwood, Blue Mountains. This fire is considered one of the most challenging natural disasters in NSW for the past five decades, putting considerable focus on emergency response, recovery and planning processes. This research uses this case study to evaluate how community resilience has contributed to the recovery process to date. Community resilience can be defined as the ability of a community to recover from a traumatic event. A more resilient community will accelerate the recovery progress after a major disaster. Using in-depth interviews to provide the basis for a qualitative investigation into the obstacles that appeared in the post-disaster recovery process, lessons from this incident and potential implications for future planning policy are identified.

165

LEWIS WESTHOFF

C U LT U R A L P L A N N I N G IN WOLLONGONG CITY CENTRE

The concept of cultural planning has evolved over the past 10 to 15 years in part as a response to the concept of the creative city, which links culture and creativity with economic development. Many regional cities, including the case study of this research, Wollongong, have developed cultural plans underpinned by the creative cities concept in an attempt to refocus economic development initiatives around the rhetoric of creativity and innovation as they transition from an industrial past to a service based economy. Cultural plan development has been accompanied by city centre revitalisation, led in part by local government but also through the organic growth of cultural venues, including small bars, cafes and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;pop upâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; spaces. This research explores the perceived social and economic benefits attributed to cultural planning. Benefits associated with increased human and social capital, social inclusion, and the link between creativity, innovation and economic development are identified. Semi-structured interviews with policy makers, consultants and owners of cultural venues in Wollongong determined that the perceived benefits of cultural planning are largely being taken for granted, with the implementation of cultural policy by local government representing the biggest challenge to realising these benefits. The paper concludes by suggesting that development of cultural planning guidelines and the articulation of cultural precincts in local planning policy would be useful implementation mechanisms that could go some way towards addressing this challenge.

167

MARK W I S E LY

CAN COUNCILS BLAZE TRAILS? The role of local government in the delivery of recreational mountain bike trails in Sydney

Australians are leading increasingly sedentary lifestyles that have amplified rates of disease and cancer in our community. The rate of Australians achieving recommended levels of physical exercise is of concern to public health professionals and traditional sports like tennis and golf have seen decreased rates of participation in recent years. Recreational mountain biking on the other hand has increased in popularity and is suggested to provide a range of physical, social and mental health benefits to participants. Crown lands, national parks and bushland areas of Sydney have been under increased pressure from the growth of this recreational group and environmental and social concerns have led to conflicts between mountain biking groups and public land managers. In some cases mountain bike riders have been â&#x20AC;&#x153;locked outâ&#x20AC;? of popular recreational areas. Hornsby Council has attempted to meet this recreational demand through the development of Hornsby Mountain Bike Trails. This facility is the focus of this study and informs a wider consideration of the role of local government in the development of mountain bike trails in Sydney. A mixedmethods research process identified the Sydney mountain biking community as an engaged and motivated resource that can be of assistance to local government in the facilitation of sustainable mountain biking trails in the future.

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PLANNING PROGR AM TEAM DISCIPLINE DIRECTOR

P R O G R A M S TA F F

SIMON PINNEGAR

ROBERT FREESTONE

SUSAN THOMPSON

PETER WILLIAMS

Associate Professor

Professor

Associate Professor

Senior Lecturer

BA Oxford, MSc Keele, MA

BSc UNSW, Ma Minn,

BA DipEd Macq., MTCP

BSc UNSW, BLegS MEnvPlan

Carleton, PhD UCL

PhD Macq., FPIA

PhD Syd., MPIA, CPP

Macq., MPubPol UNE, MPIA

NANCY MARSHALL

HOON HAN

CHRISTINE STEINMETZ

G E THIN DAVISO N

Senior Lecturer

Senior Lecturer

Senior Lecturer

Lecturer

BPE, MEDes U Calgary,

BArch MU, MPlan UQ,

BA Arizona, MSCEd Edinburgh,

BA Leicester, MA Westminster,

PhD UNSW, MPIA, MCIP

PhD UQ, AAPI

PhD UNSW

PhD Melb

In 2014, principal administrative assistance and support for the Planning Program has been provided by Lisette Araujo and Nico Wanandy.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

C ATA LO G U E D E S I G N E R

Equilibrium Design: equilibriumdesign.com.au EXHIBITION DESIGNER

Rachel Cogger B P L A N T H E S I S P R O J E C T C O O R D I N ATO R A N D A B S T R A C T S E D I TO R

Gethin Davison and Christine Steinmetz M P L A N P L A N N I N G P R O J E C T C O O R D I N ATO R A N D A B S T R A C T S E D I TO R

Simon Pinnegar SPONSORED BY

City Futures Research Centre Healthy Built Environments Program

O T H E R B U I LT E N V I R O N M E N T S TA F F A N D I N D U S T R Y P R O F E S S I O N A L S CONTRIBUTING TO THE UNSW PL ANNING PROGR A M IN 2014

Kevin Alker

Sarath Mataraarachchi

Torin Allen

Jan McCredie

Bob Bow

Stephen McMahon

Paul Collits

Sidney Ma

Jim Colman

Michael Neuman

Rachel Cogger

Kym Norley

Laura Crommelin

Paul Osmond

Tracy Davey

Bill Randolph

Barbara Doran

Mike Ryan

Hazel Easthope

Ian Sinclair

Jonathan Fox

Araz Taeihagh

Sameh Girgis

Christina Totsis

Philip Graus

Laurence Troy

Liam Hogan

Sharon Veale

Sue Holliday

Ilan Wiesel

Matthew Hurst

Danny Wiggins

Edgar Liu

Alison Ziller

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Collectively the studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; work makes an outstanding contribution to urban planning debates and establishes an unrivalled platform from which this next generation of planners will actively make their mark in the future of our city, state, Australia and indeed internationally.

We wish them all the very best for the next stage in their careers.

Graduands of 2014, we are very proud of you.

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U N S W B U I LT E N V I R O N M E N T

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