Boyan Hristov_Y5 |Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture

-

MASS-CUSTOMISING CONCRETE

BOYAN HRISTOV YEAR 5

UNIT

Y5 BH

WARSAW HIGH SPEED

@unit14_ucl

All work produced by Unit 14 Cover design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2019 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

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BOYAN HRISTOV YEAR 5 Y5 BH

boienhristov@gmail.com behance.net/boyanhristov @mrboien

WA R S AW H I G H S P E E D Warsaw, Poland

W

arsaw High Speed speculates on an EUfunded regeneration of derelict pockets within Poland’s central urban fabric using a bespoke mass-customised concrete construction.

This is achieved through cross-programming a new high-speed rail terminal with a food market public plaza, arguing that typologies such as train stations are evolving to expand and include other programmatic uses, especially if situated within a dense urban area.

The projects builds up on undertaken research of concrete technology and its transition from mass-production to mass-customisation using

digital tools of modelling and simulation that inform the architect within the design decision-making process. In addition, elements of such system hold the potential to be integrated to respond to structural forces, light levels, circulation, services, etc., therefore making it simultaneously incorporate a response to various conditions.

On an urban scale context such proposed homogeneous system could successfully connect different areas of the scheme and provide appropriate treatment to any nuanced edge conditions and surrounding context, while remain cohesive.

The scheme aims to create a landmark for Warsaw’s modern identity as a developed Western metropolis, thus be an example of cutting-edge design and manufacturing process. In addition, it is a large-scale spatial response to the monumental Soviet-funded Palace of Science and Culture campus that has been controversially dominating the landscape.

Design Intent and Desired Conditions Opening the Train Terminals

Warsaw Central Rail Landmark ‘Misean‘ moment

Demonstration Tribunes

Towards Financial District Freight plarforms

Urban Conditions Concept Section

3

MArch Design Studio TMHARCSING09 Boyan Hristov Year 5 PG 14

4

5

USSR Government

Iron Ore

Steel Mass Production

Cooling Lake

Public Transport

Mass Housing

Rise of 20th Century Mass Production: Magnitogorsk Urban Planning Sequence With the advancements that came from the Industrial Revolution, mass-production took over the building industry and made possible the quick assembly of identical parts that made up buildings and even whole cities. Although prefabrication methods were first introduced in the United States and later pioneered in the Netherlands, an example worth exploring is the city of Magnitogorsk, built in just less than half a decade as part of the Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plan. The ambitious masterplan covered an area of 392 km² and accommodated more than 500,000 inhabitants.

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Single Function Planned City of Magnitogorsk Case Study

Barracks Ideology

Standardized Tower Blocks

Mono Industry

Barrackville

Tower Block Neighbourhoods

Industrial Zone

Due to the extremely tight schedule the rest of the settlements were comprised of cheap and quickly assembled barrack type housing. Most of the streets did not have asphalt roads and families were usually forced to live in difficult conditions.

The main residential area on the West side of the city was a rectangular system made of almost identical tower blocks. Each block had hundreds of residents with an established hierarchical system. Often each apartment accommodated up to three generations of extended family members.

The East side of the city was almost entirely covered by an Industrial zone that accommodated large scale steel mill . The majority of the population worked on the East side either in the iron ore or the mill. Magnitogorsk was the top steel producer in the whole of USSR,

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Mass Housing Construction Sequence Due to the tight programme, the engineers used alternative and experimental building construction techniques to maximise efficiency. One is erecting housing tower blocks from top to bottom. This way the core is constructed first while a pulley system is installed at the top. At ground level a platform deck for the assembly of each floor is installed and once individual floors are put together on the deck, they are then lifted and stacked at the top, with only the remaining three floors being built from the ground up. This technique significantly reduces cost and labour time, as it eliminates the need for transporting materials and components to the top, and the deck optimising the assembly of each floor. This construction example is a proof for how demand for efficiency and extremely quick delivery created a design process and outcome that heavily influenced the way the system was assembled. It is something to learn from in the pursuit of more efficient concrete systems.

1. Extracting existing ground and creating foundations. Building core of residential tower.

3. Installing pillars on ground level to support floor buildup. Installing pullup cable system to lift floors

5. The process is repeated as individual floors are stacked together from top to bottom.

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2. Building core to full height finished level.

4. Building floors in-situ on ground level. After floor is completed it is lifted to the top of the tower.

6. As the building approaches finishing, the last three floors are built from ground level upwards. Any tolerance is being evened out.

Consequences of Mass Produced Housing

Training a City Future residents came from poor peasant background and they had no techincal knowledge. Therefore, they had to be trained in consrtuction building first and later in mining and working in the steel mill.

Transport System Magnitogorsk’s tram sysyem was welldeveloped and aimed at optimising commuters reaching their workplace, the steel mill.

Family Apartment Dwelling Area: 50m2 Residents: 6 Occupation: Steel Mill/Iron Ore Commute: Public Transport Ammenities: Shared

Яж

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Mass Production Systems: Plattenbau

Plattenbau is a building constructed of large, prefabricated concrete slabs. In East Germany, Plattenbau areas have been designated as Neubaugebiet (New development area). Virtually all new residential buildings since the 1960s were built in this style, as it was a quick and relatively inexpensive way to curb the country’s severe housing shortage, which had been caused by wartime bombing raids and the large influx of German refugees from further east. At the same time, many buildings from earlier eras had substantial drawbacks, such as coal heat, no hot running water, or bathrooms shared by multiple units.

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Towards Mass Curtomisation GRC Concrete Exoskeleton Structure

Four-Elevation Exoskeleton

Permanent Fromwork

The exoskeleton is a key component of the skyscraper’s structure, taking both gravitational and lateral loads. Its position on the building’s exterior also provides a high degree of overall rigidity.

4,800 pieces of GRC were prefablicated and shipped on-site. These sections of formwork were then assembled onsite before rebar was placed inside them. Concrete was then poured within the formwork to complete the exoskeleton.

Additional Bracing

Optimisation

On each face the exoskeleton curves in and out. The curved elements act as brackets off the column to support the post-tensioned slabs as well as create external balconies.

Along with eliminating the need for column lines between the centre of the floor plate and the perimeter walls, the exoskeleton allowed the thickness of the building’s core to be reduced.

One Thousand Museum ZHA

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Towards Mass Cursomisation GRC Concrete Spanning Structures

dome cap

dome segment

x-beam

column head

pillar

Queen Alia International Airport / Foster + Partners The design consists of modular components to allow for future expansion. The vault system consists of GRC precast panels that have been poured on site.

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Physical to Digital Workflow Case Study: MARS Pavillion

1. The design of the pavillion’s starting components populate two-dimensional XY plane, forming a hexagonal grid.

Vec LCase

2. The perimeter of the grid is anchored in place, then an upward-acting uniform force is to the wishbones using Kangaroo for Grasshopper.

Load

Gravity

3. The pavillion is divided into separate Y-shaped wishbones. The system is being structurally optimised using Karamba for Grasshopper.

4. Each wishbone is unique, therefore is will require a separate formwork. The formwork dimensiones are extracted from the digital model and applied to a Lycra material, then sewn together to form the mould.

5. The elastic formwork is positioned accordingly by two 6-axis industrial robots, holding reebars that have been placed beforehand. The concrete is poured in the remaining opening of the wishbone component.

6. The pavillion is installed component by component, earch connected with a 3D printed bold with identical interface.

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Simulation Informing Deisgn Decision Case Study: Ultrathin Concrete Roof by UTH Zurich

Thin Concrete

Textile Reinforcement Integrated Hydronic Heating and Cooling

Fabric Shuttering

Cable-net Falsework

Cable Net Design Edge Beams

Through a best-fit form-finding procedure, the specific non-uniform prestress of the cable net that would allow it to deform into this target shape under the 20 tonnes of wet concrete was then determined. The topology of the cable net was defined to best reflect the features of the anticlastic target shape, while minimising the required number of cable elements, controlling the sizes of the faces and dealing with the concentration of cables in the funnelling parts. The specific node design ensured that all cables have the necessary degrees of freedom to conform to the required shell geometry (axial, in-plane and perpendicular rotation). It incorporates features to align and attach the fabric shuttering, to fix the textile reinforcement at the correct height, to register the concrete thickness and to facilitate as-built measurement from below with two spherical markers on the nodes’ central axis.

Shell Desing The roof of the unit is a doublelayered, doubly curved, carbon-fibre-reinforced concrete shell structure with integrated hydronic heating and cooling, and a thinfilm photovoltaic system on top. With a total height of 7 metres, the roof covers an area of 120 square metres and has a total surface area of 160 square metres. The base of the system is composed of reusable scaffolding elements that support a set of timber edge beams. A cable net spans between the beams and the lower supports, and a fabric on top serves as shuttering for the sprayed concrete. The cable net is comprised of custom-cut steel cables connected by rings and brackets and is designed such that it deflects under the weight of the wet concrete into the correct final geometry, which it then supports until the shell has cured. To achieve this, the cable net must beprecisely tensioned at the correct angle from specific anchor points in the CNC-milled edge beams.

Compressive Forces

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Hybridising Traditional and Digital Construction Case Study: 100% Unreinforced Floor. ETH Zurich

Reflected Ceiling Plan

Efficiency

1150m

2580mm

70°

2800mm

Compression Forces: The Catalan Vault

1020mm

Load -bearing without Steel

Structural analysis shows the combination of ribs and arched vault create a solid and ridgid structure that does not require rebar reinforcement.

(source eth.com)

The weight reduction is possible because, instead of being flat, the slabs are arched like the vaulted ceilings of Gothic cathedrals.

Simply by virtue of their shape, they can support very heavy loads and so do not need to be strengthened with reinforcing steel.

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Towards Assembling a System nCloth Geometry Simulations Exploring the versatility of concrete through digital cloth simulation

3 no. fenestrations parallel to fixing

2 no. fenestrations perpendicular to fixing

1 no. fenestration perpendicular to fixing

2 no. fenestration perpendicular and parallel to fixing

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Towards Assembling a System Prototype 1: Exploring the Versatility of Concrete

Sectional Perspective

Worm Eye View

This exercise has resulted from testing the free form of concrete building and aims to explore the opportunities for spatial and geometric complexity that the artefact could unleash, i.e fenestrations, enclosures, integration of floor plates, etc.

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Towards Assembling a System Prototype 2: Tailored Response

Varying panels have been created to allow different amount of daylight within the space

Exploded detail of proposed system. Bolted frame and panels

Exploded detail of proposed system. Bolted frame and panels; larger scale.

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Towards Assembling a System Prototype 3: Structural Integration

Prototype 1

Prototype 2

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Towards Assembling a System Prototype 4: Expanding Scale and Learnings

Through expanding the scale of the prototype, it can be concluded that such a system could consistently be applied within the urban fabric and respond simultaneously to varying context, environmental or structural conditions, thus holding the opportunity to activate urban pockets and give them new life.

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Political Changes in Europe 1980s-2010s Economical Progress & New Identity

Index 1989=100

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Bosnia & Herzegovina Poland Albania Slovenia Slovakia Czech Rep Estonia Hungary Belarus Croatia Bulgaria Latvia Romania Uzbekistan FYROM Lithuania Kazakhstan Armenia Russia Turkmenistan Kyrgyz Rep Azerbaijan Serbia Ukraine Georgia Tajikistan Moldova EU8 Baltic States Southeast Europe Central Asian CIS European CIS Causasian CIS

Ex-Soviet and Eastern Block countries GDP after transition and present days

Post-Socialist countries have transitioned and most have joined the EU

Worker’s Paradise Labour shortages are driving up salaries in EU’s East Jobless Rate

Wage Growth Czech Republic

Free Market

Cheaper Labour

6.6% 2.4% 11.6%

Hungary

3.8% 3.8%

Poland

11.8%

Romania

EU Average EU Membership

Tax Breaks

5.2%

4.5%

4.6% 2.4% 7.3% Source: Eurostat. Wage data are 3Q 2017 vs 3Q2016; unemployment 2018

At Your Service Eastern Europe is establishing itself as an attractive destination for business services Private Ownership

Foreign Investment

Jobs growth in business services Romania

33% 21%

Poland Economic Growth After the fall of communism countries from the former Eastern Block began a period of economic and political transition that led to modernisation. Although some states struggled with varying levels of corruption and tension when restructuring power, the majority have since made great progress in catching up with their western neighbours. Nowerdays countries from Eastern Europe have high living standard, increasing wages and have become a centre of innovation and new business, with many startups and foreign investments emerging.

15%

Czech Republic 11%

Lithuania

10%

Hungary

10%

Slovakia Source: ABSI report. Growth 2013-2016

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Derelict Infrastructure: Warsaw’s Abandoned Sites

Warsaw

7 4

2 8

6

5

3

1

Abandoned/Derelict Infrastructure within Warsaw, 2017. Source: Forgotten.pl

1

Argiculture Machines Factory URSUS Type: industrial

5

2

Pollena-Uroda Cosmetics Factory

Type: industrial

6

3

Cinema Type: leisure

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Hotel Prudential

Tenement Building, ul. Waliców 14

Cereals Factory at Białołka

Type: hospitality

Type: commercial

Type: industrial

4

Nuclear Disaster Bunker Type: military

8

CORA Clothing Factory Type: industrial

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Warsaw vs London City Zoning Potential for Multi-Objectivity

Warsaw, Poland Administrative/Central Industrial Residential

Unlocking Potential The urban planning of Warsaw is based on segregated zoning explicit for performing a main single use within the city, typical for many cities planned during socialist times. However, nowadays this model has become outdated and does not serve a fast-evolving city. Following the findings of derelict sites around the city, there is potential for them to be harnessed and unlock opportunities within the city and create cross-polination and multi-objectivity. Below, London is compared as an example of decentralised mixed use areas, as well as appropriating and developing old industrial sites.

Mixed Financial Administrative/Central Industrial Residential

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London, UK

Centrum Metro

Srรณdmiescie rail

Warszawa Centralna Bus Terminal

Taxi Terminal

Tram Station

Srรณdmiescie WKD

Immediate Context of Warszawa Centralna

Warszawa Centralna Built: 1975 Platforms: 4 Volume:600,000m3 Renovated: 2011, 2016 Passengers: 15 million (2017) Arrea:ล Srรณdmiescie International: Yes Line: Linia Kolejowa 2 Owner: Polish National Railways

Stair/escalator between Ground level and -01 (subway system) Stair/escalator between levels -01 (subway system) and -02 (train platforms) Level -01 (subway system) Level -02 (train platforms)

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Existing Subterranean Condition

Level -2. Existing train platforms, NTS

Level -1. Existing subway system, NTS

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Site Plan

1:2000 @A2

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Existing Sections

Existing Long Section 1:10000

Existing Short Section 1:10000

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Cultural Site Context

Palace of Culture and Science (PKiN) Financial District

Parade Square

Zlote Tarasy Shopping Centre

Warsaw Central Railway Station Subterranean Retail

Palace of Culture and Science (PKiN)

Parade Square

Tallest building in Poland and 8th in EU. FKA the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science. A gift from the Soviet Union to the people of Poland, it was constructed by 5k Russian and 4k Polish workers.

Four 6-metre clock faces were added to the building ahead of the millennium celebrations in 2000.

Zlote Tarasy Shopping Centre

The terrace on the 30th floor is a well-known tourist attraction with panoramic view of the city.

• An auditorium hall for 3,000 people • An exhibition center • An office complex • An accredited university Collegium Civitas

Warsaw Central Railway Station

• Four museums • Four theatres • An 8-screen cinema • A bookshop

• A large swimming pool • Restaurants and Bars • Clubs

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History and Importance of Warsaw’s Parade Square

Cultural and Democratic Significance It’s one of the largest city squares in the world, and the second largest in the European Union. Built in the 1950s together with the Palace of Culture and Science, it was used extensively by the government of People’s Republic of Poland for propaganda parades. The biggest parade held was in 1966 to mark the millennium year of the Polish nation. Parade Square held a key place in the October events of 1956. After Władysław Gomułka’s restoration to power, a rally was held in the square attended by around 400,000 people. During his speech, Gomułka condemned Stalinism and announced reforms aimed at democratizing the political system. On 14 June 1987, during the third apostolic journey to Poland, Pope John Paul II celebrated Mass in the square, ending the Second National Eucharistic Congress. During the UEFA Euro 2012, which Warsaw was a host city for, a large Fan Zone was located there. Currently it is mainly used as a car park. The city plans to allow construction on the site of the square.

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A History of Competitions The Parade Square Debate

Five high-rise mixed-use buildings, measuring from 90 to 245 m, pedestrian walkways covered with a glass roof, Museum of Modern Art and a new building, and an underground parking lot for 750 cars.

PIG Architekci studio proposed that pre-war houses should stand on the Defilad Square from the marshal’s side.

The entire surface of the square is a structure that breathes. It is important that the quality and aesthetic value of this space encourage people to spend free time there. The premise of the ‘Square of Breath’ concept is to create a complex of green infrastructure, which attracts a multitude of events and at the same time plays a social role.

A symbol of modernity, greenery and openness ‘. Plac Defilad will be both a park, lungs of the city, as well as a cultural and business center. On several storeys there will be space for cultural objects, gastronomy, services, trade, parking, above them will be the reigning greenery friendly to residents.

Aedas’ proposal provides ground-level pedestrian links between the site and the attractive and historic streets to the east. It also creates a raised ‘arrival plaza’ in front of the main railway station. This plaza gives direct access to a split-level covered street, which runs the length of the site with offices and retail frontage and incorporating three rail and metro stations.

Superpower: a concept, which was to be the starting point for the drawing up of a local development plan. The center of Warsaw was reminiscent of a giant crown made of skyscrapers set up around the Palace of Culture and Science.

The undeveloped space around the Palace of Culture and Science arouses immense emotions among Varsovians. However, it is also a space that inspires. It often becomes a great field for experiments of young architects who would like to change it.

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Connecting Poland Visegrad Four High Speed Railway

Warsaw

Prague

Brno

Bratislava

Budapest

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Current Political Context of Poland

40m

-0.03%

-0.08%

30m

-0.17% -0.71%

1990

2000

2010

2020

-1.02%

2030

2040

-1.23% 2050

Predicted population of Poland by 2050

1000 800 600 400 200

1980

1990

2000

2010

GDP of Poland, 1980-2015, in billions of international dollars

Maintaining Development High emmigration and death rate, as well as low immigration and birth rate is projected to affect Poland’s population and workforce.

If the nation is to maintain its development, it needs to rethink its economic plan for the near future. In addition, as wages become higher, foreign investors are considering moving to other countries where labour is cheaper.

Map of Europe showing percentage of votes for populist parties, 2018

0%

100%

1998

2018

Rising Euroscepticism and Nationalism Emigration from central and eastern European countries after EU enlargement had a negative impact on their home labour markets and created labour shortages. This could be overcome by immigration (either from other EU countries or from non-EU countries), however, with current political situation and rise in nationalism, it is unlikely.

Robotisation is at best a long-term prospect and not all tasks can be performed by robots, while there is often resistance to immigration from outside the EU.

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Funding and Programme High Speed + EU Food Market Plaza

0

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

10

Total allocationsofof Cohesion Policy 2014-2020 Total EU allocations Cohesion Policy 2014-2020 (Billion(Euros Euros)Billion)

77.6

PL IT

32.8

ES

23.0

CZ

22.0

HU

21.9

PT

21.5

DE

19.2

FR

15.9

GR

15.5

SK

14.0

UK

11.8

HR

8.6

BG

7.6

LT

6.8 4.5

EE

3.6

SI

3.1

BE

2.3

SE

2.1

FI

SP

28.6

RO

LV

77.6

A! W RA

1.5

NL

1.4

AT

1.2

IE

1.2

CY

1.2

MT

0.7

DK

0.6

LU

0.1

European High Speed Network

With the increasing Euro-scepticism in Poland, the European Union would maintain and even increase its funding in order to maintain popularity. This could result in unprecedented large-scale development projects, therefore the redesigning of Warsaw Train Station and Parade Square could finally become a reality. Seeking to create synergy and respond to various objectives simultaneously, the proposed programme would accommodate high-speed train connections that would transport passengers and freight directly to Warsaw City Centre. This will make possible to quickly transport goods and small businesses from all over Europe, which will be able to sell their products in a food market typology across the boundaries of Parade square. In addition, the square will seek to be a truly open and public space for Warsawians, in contrast with the monumentalism of the socialist-built Palace of Culture and Science (PKiN).

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35

Urban Intent Diagram Encourage Connectivity and Cross-Programming

New High-Speed Rail Station

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Renovated Existing Rail Station

Euro-Market/Public Plaza

Uncovering Urban Strategies Linking Landscape with Structure

Early Landscape Studies

Later Landscape Studies

Creating Opportunities for Structural Systems within Landscape

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Relationship between Ground and Subterranean Sectional Form Studies

Short Section Studies

Long Section Studies

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Pockets of Inhabitation Study

Enclosure with no multi-level interaction

Enclosure with lightwell multi-level interaction

Enclosure with ramping multi-level interaction

Enclosure with central fenestration multi-level interaction

Enclosure with multiple lightwells multi-level interaction

Enclosure with sloped seating multi-level interaction

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Multi-Integration Testing Fragment 2: Exploring the Subterranean

Surface permutations exploration

This fragment explores the transition from building mass to landscape and its relationship to the subterranean inhabitable layer. Parts of the landscape create light wells for the subway corridors underneath, while acting as seating benches on ground level. In a similar manner, larger openings become entrance points for the underground, continuously flowing throughout.

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Design Intent and Desired Conditions Opening the Train Terminals

Warsaw Central Rail Landmark ‘Misean‘ moment

Demonstration Tribunes

Towards Financial District Freight plarforms

Urban Conditions Concept Section

ROOF

STREET LEVEL

RETAIL LEVEL

PLATFORM LEVEL

Spatial Relationship of Train Station and Street Level Concept Diagram

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Multi-Integration Testing Prototype 1: Exploring Varying Fenestrations

Zero Fenestration

Full Fenestration

This fragment is an example of a column system that has integrated light wells that perforate the roof with different sized openings. Columns vary from zero fenestration to full fenestration. Such a system can be used to provide a range of daylight levels that correspond to specific spatial requirements, while still maintaining a singular architectural language.

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Mass-Customised Column System Translation Shell Principle

inner dome dome shell

column head

x-beam

periphery dome

column

inner condition

periphery condition

Varying Geometry Different design requirements dictate varying geometry within the roofscape. The edge condition of the train station creates dialogue with the street through cantilevering and edge beams, while the inner domes are deeper for a more dramatic roofscape, as well as optimised structural performance.

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Mass-Customised Column System Exploded View of Varying Component

x-beam integrated lightwell/lighting

concrete infill (on-site) steel rebar (on-site)

column head

GRC permanent formwork (off-site)

services/drainage pipe

column

Mass-Customised Components Digital modelling and optimisation tools, as well as the precision of manufacturing machines and accessibility of alternative formwork allow for the system to be prefabricated off-site from GRC permanent formwork and once installed to be infilled with traditional concrete on-site.

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Mass-Customised Concrete Prototype. GRC Permanent Formwork Both pieces assembled together

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Mass-Customised Concrete Prototype. GRC Permanent Formwork Both pieces separated (above); Detail of concrete finish from CNC milling (below)

In-situ infilled reinforced concrete

Precast carbon fibre permanent formwork

Rebar

Lightwell/artificial lighting

Mass-Customised Concrete Elements Diagram

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Design Decision-making through 3D-printed Prototyping

Stress Lines Digital Simulation Optimisation

Stress Loads Digital Simulation Optimisation

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Mass-Customised Concrete Prototype. GRC Permanent Formwork Physical prototype with overlaid digital stress line analysis which dictated final splicing connections and overall geometry

48

Formwork Development From Digital to Physical

CNC Digital Simulation

CNC Machine Miling Formwork Components

Collapsable Fromwork Sequence

Photograph of Assembled Formwork

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Genesis Diagram of Workflow From Digital Design to On-site Construction

/////////////////////////////////////////// { string $selection[]=`ls -sl -fl`; string $surf=$selection[0]; string $BlendStart=$selection[1]; string $BlendFin=$selection[2]; float $ht=2.5; int $u=3; int $v=7; string $texture="file1"; string $index="X1";

1. 3D modelling of family component

2. Applying script along master surface

Vec LCase

Load

Gravity 3. Detailed strucutral analysis & simulation

4. Splicing of components

xyzabc

5. Digital modelling of formwork

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6. Physical manufacturing of formwork off-site

7. GRC casting of components off-site

8. Transporting colimns on-site. Installing colimns

9. Installing column heads

10. Installing x-beams. Setting up propping

11. Installing dome caps

12. Infilling system with conventional concrete

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Warsaw High Speed

The newly proposed mass-customised roofscape forefront. The surrounding urban context bleeds o creating an L-shaped masterplan. One side accomm shells that form Warsaw High Speed Station and hosts the European food market directly overlookin as a gesture and example o

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d Aerial Perspective

e of Warszawa Centralna Station is visible at the out and creates two landscaped parks on each side modates the integrated with the landscape structural are used for public demonstations. The other side ng the Stalinist Palace of Science and Culture (PKiN) of a truly open public space.

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

Site Plan & General Arrangement Scale 1:1000 The proposed scheme seeks to enhance already established urban connections and create new ones, encourage cross-programming within the city centre and activate the disused Parade Square through linking the train stations with the public plaza.

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55

F&B Quarter Warsaw High Speed Structural Shells The folding pattern of the shells is informed by digital stress analysis showing the main load paths.

Freigth Platforms

Sectional P

Although of different structural systems, the two s subterranean and street level complex consisting

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Warszawa Centralna

Translation Shell Structure The system is comprised of mass-customised GRC concrete components with varying geometry that incorporate multi-integration (structrre and light) and respond to different conditons (edge and inner).

Perspective

station communicate together and create a vibrant g of various shops, small businesses and venues.

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Between Tw

The roofscape of Warszawa Centralna Station creates a framed urban mass-customised concrete columns they reveal themselves along w the area between Warszawa Centralna and the Warsaw High Spee encourage interaction between Warsa

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wo Stations

n gesture and prominent landmark in the city. As one approaches the with the vibrant retail and train platforms underneath. In addition, ed is where circular benching (typical for the region) is installed to awians and international passengers.

59

Inside the new Wa

The new proposal opens up the train platforms to the along the periphery on multiple levles. The street sit mass-customis

60

arszawa Centralna

public and accommodates small businesses and retail ts above while the lively station is nested within the sed roofscape.

61

Inside Warsaw

The landscape opens up and slopes down to create en entrance is framed by two structural shells. Full inte

62

w High Speed

ntrance for the newly high-speed train platforms. The egration is sought within structure and programme.

63

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Multi-Integration Testing Prototype 3: Multi-objective Column

Public Space

Lightwell

Street Level

Tunnel

Train Platform

Perspective View

Side Views

This fragment tests the idea of high-level structural, environmental and programmatic integration within one component: a column that could be applied to a system scale, varying to accommodate different design intentions. The column holds the roof of the train station, while simultaneously creates a pocket of programme on ground level. In addition, lightwells let light in the train platforms and can accommodate various services.

65

Multi-Integration Testing Prototype 4: Exploring Way-Finding through Multi-Materiality

Initial Fragment Exploring Panelling

Internal View from Staircase

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All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2019 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

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UNIT @unit14_ucl

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M O D E R N C O U R A G E

2019

A

t the center of Unit 14’s academic exploration lies Buckminster Fuller’s ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’, a master-builder that follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal of the designer as somebody who is capable of comprehending the ‘integrateable significance’ of specialised findings and is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of these discoveries while not disappearing into a career of expertise. Like Fuller, we are opportunists in search of new ideas and their benefits via architectural synthesis. As such Unit 14 is a test bed for exploration and innovation, examining the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. We are in search of the new, leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital as well as physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation with a research-driven core, generating momentum through astute synthesis. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and through the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, will generate new and unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals. They will be beautiful because of their intelligence - extraordinary findings and the artful integration of those into architecture.

Inspired by the audacity of the modernist mind the unit’s work aspires to reinstate the designer’s engagement with all aspects of our profession.

Observation and re-examination of every aspect of current civilizatory development enables to project near future scenarios and positions the work as avant garde in the process of designing a comprehensive vision for the future.

Societical, technological, cultural, economic as well as political developments propel the investigations with a deep understanding of how they interlink to shape strategies and astute synthesis to determine a design approach.

We believe in the multi-objectivity of our design process, where the negotiation of the different objectives becomes a great source of architectural novelty and authorship. We will fight charlatanism with the aid of practical experimentation, scientific knowledge and technology. We find out about how human endeavour, deep desire and visionary thought interrelate as well as advance cultural and technological means while driving civilisation as a highly developed organisation. The underlying principle and observation of our investigations will be that futurist speculation inspires and ultimately brings about significant change. Supported by competent research the work is the search for modernist courage aiming to amplify found nuclei into imaginative tales with architectural visions fuelled by speculation.

Thanks to: RSHP, Zaha Hadid Architects, DKFS Architects, Heatherwick Studio, Amanda Levete Architects, Seth Stein Architects, Cundal Engineering, DaeWha Kang Design, Uni Stuttgart ITKE

UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2019 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

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