Justin Chow_Y5 | Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture

-

THE HYPERDENSE URBAN FOREST

CHOW LAP YAN JUSTIN YEAR 5

UNIT

Y5 JC

NEO-MONGKOK

@unit14_ucl

All work produced by Unit 14 Cover design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2020 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

@unit14_ucl

CHOW LAP YAN JUSTIN YEAR 5 Y5 JC

justin.chow.18@alumni.ucl.ac.uk @unit14_ucl

N E O-M O N G KO K THE HYPERDENSE URBAN FOREST Mongkok, Hong Kong

P

encil Tower ‘Autonomous District’ in Hong Kong stitching existing context through a permeable forest terraced podium layer.

Through cultural injection of density and civic programmes along the elevated oblique arteries, autonomous vehicles and amenities inhabiting the ground floor services the upper pedestrianised levels.

Hong Kong’s densification through land deficiency had resulted in the MTR (Mass Transit Railway) merging transit with residential high-rise towers.

Inspired to reform current systems that hinders horizontal sprawl through theutopic vision of intense lush forests by futurist Syd Mead, the project aims to inject nature in the most congested epicentre. Sited in Mongkok, the vehicular congestion epicentre market strip with pedestrianised informal market streets, elevated pedestrian plains interconnects a network of civic spaces through inhabiting the plenum between the podium and tower.

geometric forms and master planning strategies to create a forest of structural columns buttressing the botanical park, allowing porous vertical circulation as visitors traverse the district.Four sub-districts with varying civic intensities fuse into the podium of nearby residential towers, as the central urban forest ‘heart’ and outer fringes manifest Clubhouse and Municipal Podia. Lower Terraces connect through axial markets to service different public/private amenities, stitching with Mongkok’s existing urban fabric.

Investigating traditional typologies with diagonal insertions that reduce wind loads reduce up to 25% through CFD Surface Pressure Simulations, iterative terrace podium massing tests concluded strategic iterations to maximise breezeways and minimise turbulent pressures in the podium typology to grow four vertical floors.

Residential Pencil Towers are now constructed up to 400m in Hong Kong and New York. Progressive consultationwith ARUP’s Structural Engineer on Core optimisation of a hexagonal buttressed core with the Trident wing typology created an efficient, compact tower that reduces wind turbulence on the podium. Supertall towers’ orientation utilises

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Connected Highway Plane

Podium Typology elevated from the ground floor

54:33 - HONG KONG’S FUTURE PODIA Shot in Hong Kong, Ghost in the Shell (2017) came as a continuation of the Sci-fi Cyberpunk classics ‘Akira’ and Syd Mead’s Blade Runner, where holographics and an elevated ‘ground floor’ forms the basis of accomodation and multi-layered living.

Existing Ground Access

MULTILAYERED HIGHWAYS Creating an integrated vehicular system that merges with the higher levels of the podium, this scene captures the ambitious design in collaging with the existing road.

Secondary ‘Highway’

Arterial ‘Highway’ Urban Canopy Podium

GHOST IN THE SHELL (2017)

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HIGH SPEED RAIL, OVERGROUND

TENEMENT HOUSE ROOFWALK WALKWAYS

PRINCES HOUSE TO ALEXANDRA HOUSE WALKWAY

MANDARIN ORIENTAL HOTEL PODIUM

5/F

ELEVATED BRIDGE 4/F 3/F 2/F 1/F G/F -1/F

SEOULLO 7017 SEOUL, KOREA MVRDV ARCHITECTS

RETAIL WALKWAY SPACES -2/F

-3/F

CENTRAL STATION

B

B

MAIN

Existing Markets - self-operab ‘pedestrianise’

A A MID-LEVELS ESCALATOR A

A 10m

Dead space

EXISTING CO

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ACTIVATING MONGKOK’S ROOFTOP DWELLERS

INHABITING THE NEGATIVE SPACE

METRO TO FOOTBRIDGE LINK

BASEMENTS TO BECOME AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE HUB

STANDARD ASIAN MALL OUTSIDE OF THE HYPER-DENSE DISTRICT

MONG KOK’S EXISTING MARKET FABRIC

5/F 4/F 3/F 2/F 1/F

NEON LIGHT AS GUIDE

G/F -1/F -2/F MAHJONG TABLES: ENTERTAINMENT

-3/F

SELF-CONTAINED ‘MARKET STALLS’

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ELEMENTS

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ble stands are granted licenses to Mong Kok’s streets.

Various subcultures, markets would still thrive but on an elevated plane, as this ‘zone’ becomes a pilot for ultra-dense living. Private tenement buildings would free up allotment green spaces B

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EXISTING MONGKOK, 2019 es underneath bridges cause debris, beggars and trash to accumulate due to it being tucked away. The new proposal will seek to revamp the footbridge, building on the negative space.

ONTEXT STUDY

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MINORITY REPORT(2002)

BLADE RUNNER 2049 (2018)

The visionary industrial designer proposed in his film props to dock the flying autonomous vechicles, creating these ‘fins’ along the core to facilitate a new transportation paradigm.

CONNECTED ‘LIVING’ TRANSPORTATION This design morphs the highway into a vertically scaled tower, which envisions a highly connected city, simiar to the vision in Ghost in the Shell.

THE FUTURE OF HONG KONG

BUCKMINSTER FULLER

JUMOB KINGDOM HONG KONG

Triton was a concept for an anchored floating city that would be located just offshore and connected with bridges and such to the mainland.

It was a collection of tetrahedronal structures with apartments and amenities.

Incorporating traditional Chinese architecture and 21st century spectacle. Jumbo Seafood is 76 meters long, 22 meters wide and 28 meters high (three storeys high). It can accommodate more than 2,300 guests, so it has the “world’s largest sea restaurant”. HK$18 million to build the largest sewage treatment barge in Southeast Asia alongside the kitchen boat

HONG KONG: THE FUTURE TYPOLOGY

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432 Park Avenue Rafael Vinoly Architects Height: 440m Slendeness Ratio: 1:15 8,740-square-feet (812-square-meters)

111 West Street 57th Avenue SHoP Architects Height: 452m Slendeness Ratio: 1:20 Strengthening the connection of the core to the perimeter columns and shear walls. To stiffen 111 West 57th Street, WSP thickened the shear walls that run the full length of the east and west exterior walls to by 3 feet, and linked them to the core with deep beams.

COMPLETED: 88 FLOORS (25 one bedroom studios across 2 floors) (122 condiminiums 1-6 bedrooms ) The exterior of Viñoly's 432 Park Avenue is structural poured-in-place concrete that acts as a tube. (With white cement and careful attention to forming, the tube is also the finished architectural surface.) Even with monumental 10-foot-square windows, the tube is stiff enough to permit a 30-foot column-free zone between the exterior and the central core.

WIND LOAD WSP designs to approximately 18 milli-gs for winds that would be encountered over a 10-year period and as little as 5 milli-gs for more frequent low-velocity winds. That standard dictates a host of responses that affect building mass, structural configuration, and whether dampening devices are needed.

STIFFENING BEAM Viñoly provides unenclosed floors at intervals up 432 Park Avenue's facades. The spaces between columns let the wind pass, and also offer Marcus the opportunity to conceal stiffening columns and beams that cannot be accommodated on occupied floors. A curved enclosure protects the core and mechanical equipment.

STIFFENING BEAM The building's 15½-foot floor-to-floor heights left plenty of space above the ceilings to conceal the stiffening beams.

TAPERING

STEEL TRUSS TOWER CAP

TUNED MASS DAMPER x 2

FEATHER

TUNED MASS DAMPER

SHEAR WALL CORE

CONCRETE BELT WALL

UNENCLOSED FLOOR/WIND BREAK SHEAR WALL CORE

EXISTING STEINWAY HALL

111 WEST 57TH STREET FEATHERED TERRACES

432 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK GRIDDED EXOSKELETON

BURJ KHALIFA, UAE HEXAGONAL CORE + TRIPOD CONFIGURATION

PENCIL TOWERS: PUSHING THE LIMITS

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MID-RISE HIGHRISE TYPOLOGY MID-RISE HIGHRISE TYPOLOGY variable dependent on HIGH/MID/LOW area per tower.

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80

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PREVAILING WIND SURFACE

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NON-PREVALING WIND SURFACE +10m/s

+0m/s

MID-RISE HIGHRISE TYPOLOGY 240

200

160

120

OPTION 1: TRIDENT 80

Increased Floor Slabs, which creates a break-out space that can merge with extra programs

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0

T 3_1 380m (98 Floors)

T 3_2 380m (98 Floors)

OPTION 2: MEDIUM DISTRIBUTION Increased Floor Slabs, which creates a break-out space that can merge with extra programs

T 3_3 420m (150 Floors)

SUPERTALL PROXIMITY HIGHRISES 365

320

280

240

200

160

120

80

40

0

T 3_1 365m (98 Floors)

T 3_2 380m (98 Floors)

T 3_3 420m (150 Floors)

SURFACE WIND SIMULATION ANALYSIS

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OPTION 3: BOTTOM DISTRIBUTION All the extra mass is centered at the base, allowing the stepping to gradually decrease in mass.

OPT1: CROSS-BRACING

SIDE LIFT CORE FOR THE PODIUM

3rd Layer

2nd Layer

2 1st Layer

1 The Jeddah Tower

1

SOM Stratford Garden, London

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BUNDLED TUBE SPINE SYSTEM

Residen tial Entrance

CORE OUTRIGGER SYSTEM

STATION DEPOT LOW-RISE TOWER BLEND INTO THE PODIUM

TRANSPORT LINK GROUND FLOOR

CLUBHOUSE, DUAL TOWER ARRANGEMENT

"Slenderness" is an engineering definition. Structural engineers generally consider skyscrapers with a minimum 1:10 or 1:12 ratio (of the width of the building's base to its height) to be "slender." Slenderness is a proportion based on the width of the base to the height of the building.

CONNECTING SKYBRIDGES STABILISING THE PENCIL TOWER

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EVOLUTION OF STEEL + CONCRETE SKYSCRAPER TYPOLOGIES

HISTORY

TYPE 1: SHEAR FRAMES Semi-rigid and Rigid

TYPE 2: INTERACTING SYSTEMS Frame with Shear Truss, frame and shear belt with outrigger trusses

TYPE 3: PARTIAL TUBULAR SYSTEMS

FER

NS

RA

T IUM

D

PO

‘SPINE’ CORE STRUCTURE

SHEAR WALL

BELT TRUSS SYSTEM ‘SPINE’ CORRIDOR SHEAR WALL HAMMER HEAD WALL

PENCIL TOWER STEEL + CONCRETE EVOLUTION

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CORE OUTRIGGER

TECTONIC COMPONENTS

neutral residential public retail

GARDEN COURTYARD An elevated residential access gives priority to residents, whilst communal terraces are on top.

PUBLIC RETAIL EXTENSIONS

ALTERNATING STEPS

These retail nodes create pockets of spaces which does not disrupt wind circulation

At the ground plane, the blue colour signifies stagnant airflow, particularly due to the high pencil towers absorbing the current.

PENCIL TOWER SKY GARDEN’ SHADING’ STUDY

PODIUM TO TOWER TERRACED ITERATION

Forest/Recreational Zone

Re ‘Clu sident bho ial use ’

t We

Art

eria

t rke

Ma

Urban Canopy Layer (+15 - +31m)

Autonomus Vehicles

lH

igh

wa y

Podium Layer (+0 - +15m)

Civic Spaces Dry Food Market Wet Market

PODIUM LEVEL +4 LEVELS : SHADING AT 10:00AM

Res i

den

tial

Lev el

TRANSPORT LINK DEVELOPMENT ITERATION 1

RESIDENTIAL LEVEL +10 STOREYS : SHADING AT 13:00PM

Fig 3.821: Irradiance Map in Typical Hong Kong

TRANSPORT LINK DEVELOPMENT ITERATION 2

Max

Min

PENCIL TO TOWER ITERATIONS 41

SIDE CORE ACCESS TO -3/F

INNER FOREST

OUTER LOOP

OUTER LOOP

RETAIL SHOPS

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+2 SKY LOBBY ACCESSING THE TOWERS

+G/F SKY LOBBY ACCESSING THE TOWERS

POOL SANCTUARY

OUTER LOOP

-1/F LOCAL MARKETS

-2/F, MTR/COMMERCIAL RETAIL

TRANSPORT LINK FROM +0

THE MARKET TERRACE: TOWER TO PODIUM FRAGMENT

1A N

0m

4m 2m

8m

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ony

Balc m

7.5

0

50

100

Erosion for the ‘Sky Gardens’, Varies in different floors, propped up by cantilevered outriggers.

7.5m

PREVIOUS LOW RISE ITERATION

CURRENT HIGH RISE OPTION (+20 Floor)

ALTERNATIVE 4-LIFT CAB SYSTEM Increased Floor Slabs, which creates a break-out space that can merge with extra programs

Current column arrangement allows maximum span utilising current reinforced concrete outrigger slabs

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PENCIL TOWER PODIUM FLOOR (+2 Floor) 0m

N

4m 2m

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1

PODIUM SIDE CORE ENTRANCE

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AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE DROPOFF

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OUTDOOR GREEN LOOP

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MAIN RETAIL AVENUE

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UPPER RESIDENTIAL TERRACES

8m

r

eve

ntil

Ca

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BACK ALLEY NETWORK INACCESSIBLE

Pen Ent cil To ran we r ce MA AR IN ‘M TER AR Y KET

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’

PODIUM KEY ISSUES: 1. Massive solidity and impenetrability of the block

G/

FR

OU

TE

2. Incongruous juxtaposition with existing fabric EXISTING PODIA OF PENCIL TOWERS

3. Swallowing large tracts of fabric or land and disrupting existing urban form or traditional patterns of settlement

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new layer connecting the new ‘ground floor’

4. Design podium elevations in direct response to internal program

ADDING THE ‘COURTYARD’ LAYER

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DISMANTLING THE EXISTING + ADDING LAYER

D PROPOSE

SITE

KOK

I, MONG

TE YAU MA AUST IN

Mall Access Zone

ICC Tower

Residential Podium +18m

West Kowloon Terminus

N

40m

MONGKOK: SURROUNDING CONTEXT

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TALLEST OFFICE TOWER (+150m)

TOWARDS CBD DISTRICT

COMMERCIAL DISTRICT

THE SITE

GO

SITE BOUNDARY

ELEVATED PEDESTRIAN NET

NATHAN ROAD

N

MON 52

TALLEST TOWER DATUM: +110m (32 floors)

SCHOOL

LADIES MARKET

OLDFISH STREET

TWORK

SAI YEUNG CHOI STREET

0m

ARTERY ROAD: LADIES MARKET

10m 5m

20m

NGKOK: THE SITE 53

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URBAN GRAIN Ideal distribution of towers for population proximity between towers.

OPTION 1: CRESCENT Ideal distribution of towers for population proximity between towers.

Two of the shorter towers have been rotated 30 degrees to maximise daily exposrue and increased surface penetration of the open space.

A central urban grain creates more human scale terraces, where the market program will be allocated.

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c·,_----+ C!----+--

t)

') Cr----+--/

OPTION 2: AXIAL PODIUM Ideal distribution of towers for population proximity between towers.

Two of the shorter towers have been rotated 30 degrees to maximise daily exposrue and increased surface penetration of the open space.

A central urban grain creates more human scale terraces, where the market program will be allocated.

URBAN GRAIN

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J 0 J

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-+

OPTION 3: VORONOI PEDESTRIAN Ideal distribution of towers spread around the North and Eastern perimeter.

Pedestrian routes are oriented on the grid, allowing higher accessibility and field of vision at the elevated ground floor.

Neo­ Forest

Sheltered Spaces

Civic spaces

Long Transit Bridge

LOW PROXIMITY HIGH RISES

MID PROXIMITY HIGH RISES

SUPERTALL PROXIMITY HIGH RISES

MAIN DISTRICT FURTHER ITERATIONS

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ZONE 4: OUTLYING MEDIA FACADE + MECH DEPOT

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.. ... .. ..

G) LONG TRANSIT 'BULLET TRAIN' STATION

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..,�·.,........if ...... ........ ........ ........ .. . .. ................... . .................. ' ... ' .... 0 PROGRAMME PENCIL TOWERS

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............................................................................. .... ... ........ . ........ ...... ..................... ·:··O

SHORT TRANSIT STATION

...................... ........ ... ........ .......... ........ ............... ..................... ... ·O

1'····!·········..····........................... ,............................,,..,,... , .. ,@,·············· .. , URBAN OASIS TERRACES

...... ,........................................................ ........ .... ......... ..... ................

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NEO FOREST INTERFACE

............................................................................................

@ AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ZONE

TECTONIC HIERARCHY Two of the shorter towers have been rotated 30 degrees to maximise daily exposrue and increased surface penetration of the open space.

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DEPOT +

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THE 'HEART' - PEDESTRIAN CANYONS + NEO­ FOREST MARKETS

TRANSIT STATION

PROGRAMMATIC ZONING

PODIUM BRIDGE URBAN OASIS

"' ...,

___ k:::( SEMI­ OUTDOOR MARKET

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@ URBAN OASIS TERRACE °

Sheltered via the 60 inclination of the Trident towers, this terraced interface

Pedestrian Network

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Pedestrian Network

Civic spaces

MAIN DISTRICT'

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I

PIDESl RIAN CANYONS

AV

THE MARKETS

A central urban grain creates more human scale terraces, where the market program will be allocated. district and city events, weekend fairs, farmer markets, cultural events, festive celebrations, flea markets and night markets· Long Transit Bridge

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CIRCULATION ALLOCATION

3

02_THE URBAN FOREST

01_THE RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER

05_EXISTING STITCH

23

m

13m

04_THE CIVIC CLUSTER 340m 03_COMMERCIAL CLUSTER

THE PROGRAM URBAN MASTERPLAN CLUBHOUSE SUPERTALL LOWER TERRACE MARKETS

EXISTING RESIDENTIAL TOWERS EXISTING MARKET URBAN FOREST RESIDENTIAL

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HIGHWAY

0

STATION ZONE

UPPER QUA FOCUS

1. The Market C 2. The Urban ‘Oa 3. Old to New 4. Interconnecting Ped

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FOCUS AREA

HIGHWAY

EXISTING BUILDINGS

RESIDENTIAL

4

1B RESIDENTIAL 3

1

1A

2

ADRANTS AREA

Canyon ‘Loop’ asis’ Clubhouse w Interface destrian Walkways

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1A STATION ZONE

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THE MARKET TERRACE

1B

TH

HE MARKET TERRACE

1C

THE CLUBHOUSE

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OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOL MARINA

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LINK TO OTHER CLUBHOUSE TERRACES

UPPER RESIDENTIAL TERRACE

WATERFALL

1/F

1/F

G/F

SE HOU POINT CLUB -OFF DROP

R

CTO

NNE

L CO

RA ENT

-1/F PODIUM UNDERBELLY

C

THE FOREST OASIS: PUBLIC CLUBHOUSE FRAGMENT

1C N

0m

4m 2m

8m

71

72

73

2A

THE HIGHWAY TERRACE

+5 SKY LOBBY ACCESSING THE TOWERS

HIGHWAY FOREST BARRIER

RETAIL SHOP

S

TRANSPORT LINK FROM +0

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE DROP OFF POINT

2B

2A

2C 2A

2C A

A

2A 2C

CONNECTOR

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2B

FOREST CONNECTOR

TRANSPORT CONNECTOR

2C

MARKET CONNECTOR

TYPOLOGIES

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'MID LEVELS', STITCHING IN

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NTO EXISTING MONGKOK

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LOWER MARKETS,

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, THE 24-HOUR DISTRICT

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CE RRA

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+2F RK L PA ICA E N A U BOT AVEN

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GF -1/F -2/F

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LOWER MARKETS: WA

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TUARY

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SYSTEM UN

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FRAGMENT: ACCESSING

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URE PICK UP

PODIUM LIFT

AV DEPART

SUN-SHADING

CORE

TERRACES

ENT:

FRAGM

-DISTRICT

DROP OFF

THE PODIUM LAYERS

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THE GOLD

90

DEN HOUR

91

THE URBAN F

TRANSPORT 92

FOREST PHASING

T CONNECTION 93

THE CENTRAL M 94

MARKET TERRACES 95

THE CENTRAL M 96

MARKET TERRACES 97

FURTHER DIS 98

STRICT GROWTH 99

URBAN S 100

STITCHING 101

OUTER 102

R TOWERS 103

TOPPING OUT T

104

THE SUPERTALL

105

THE UR

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RBAN FOREST

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108

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All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2020 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

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UNIT @unit14_ucl

111

S Y S T E M I C I M PACT

2020

T

he focus of this year’s work is the awareness that architecture can affect at deepest systemic leveland the understanding that architectural proposition is in itself a system of interrelated constituentswhere the findings of interdisciplinary systems theory apply. This knowledge opens a way to a method-driven approach that can materialize in architecture of great performance and considered expression while driving architectural authorship and novelty. We will aspire to reinstate the designer’s engagement with all aspects of the system’s constituents aiming for impactful architecture delivered by the negotiation of the interacting entities that define the unified spatial whole.

Societal, technological, cultural, economic as well as political developments will propel our investigations with a deep understanding of how they interlink.

This will shape our strategies and heuristics, driving synthesis. The observation as well as re-examination of civilizatory developments will enable us to project near-future scenarios and position ourselves as avant-garde in the process of designing a comprehensive vision for the forthcoming. We will find out about how human endeavour, deep desire and visionary thought interrelate while they advance cultural as well as technological means, driving civilisation as highly developed organisation. Futurist speculation inspires and ultimately brings about significant change. Supported by competent research we will aim for systemic impact and amplify found nuclei into imaginative tales with architectural visions fuelled by speculation.

Our methodology employs both bottom up and top down strategies in order to build up sophisticated architectural systems and will be tailored to the individual problem. Pivotal to this process and to fight charlatanism is the concept of practical experimentation – and intense exploration through both digital and physical models that aims to assess system performance and its direct application to architectural space. The emphasis on applied research fuels the process of design and allows us to develop highly considered architectural propositions with great momentum.

Thanks to: Zaha Hadid Architects, DKFS Architects, Seth Stein Architects, Orms Designers and Architects, Cundall Engineers, Knippers Helbig, DaeWha Kang Design, AL_A, Innochain, Langstaff Day Architects

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2020 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl