Douglas Yang_Y4 |Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture

-

COMMONWEALTH DEAL MAKING HEAD-QUARTER

DOUGLAS YANG YEAR 4

UNIT

Y4 DY

RE-OCCUPYING GIBRALTAR

@unit14_ucl

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@unit14_ucl

DOUGLAS YANG YEAR 4 Y4 DY

douglas9502@gmail.com douglastheamazing

R E-O C C U P Y I N G G I B R A LTA R COMMONWEALTH DEAL MAKING HEAD-QUARTER The Rock, Gibraltar

G

ibraltar, as the only British oversea territory

that has a physical boarder with the EU and only 13 miles across the strait from Africa, will become a peculiar place after Brexit. After leaving the EU market, UK government feels the need to tighten the strings with all Commonwealth of Nations and seek new trading opportunities.

Inspired by Boris Johnson’s suggestion of having a ‘flagship’ going around the world striking deals, my project proposes a Commonwealth Deal Making Head-Quarter focusing on African trade deals inside the Rock of Gibraltar.

01. Shaft Sinking: Cores

There are over 50km of tunnelling system inside the Rock of Gibraltar constructed over a course of 200 years by the British Army for defence purposes. After researching into various excavation technologies that has been implemented in the past and has been proposed for the future, I developed a suitable construction sequence to realise this new excavated space inside the Rock, which also informed the structural systems and spatial arrangements for the building design development.

As the narrative suggested that this building is a ‘flagship’ for Britain, certain aspect of British cultural and political products were referenced to drive the design, from Doctor Who’s British Futurism to Ken Adam’s institutional set design for the 007 movie franchise; from Boris Johnson’s JCB speech expressing his confidence in Brexit, to Dyson’s air purifier representing British high-tech products.

Informed by both technical research and narrative development, this project aims to give a satirical architectural response to the current devastating Brexit situation. As the unit brief suggested, this building is a powerful statement to express Britain’s ‘ Modern Courage’.

02. Deep Trench: the Spine

03. Tunneling: Tunnels

Shaft Sinking Deep Trenching Tunneling Rock Chambering

04. Rock Chambering: All Rooms

EXCAVATION STRATEGY Four excavation methods are chosen for constructing the building. Different areas of the building are defined using feasible excavation strategies.

3

RE-OCCUPYING GIBRALTAR COMMONWEALTH DEAL MAKING HEAD-QUARTER

QIMING (DOUGLAS) YANG UNIT 14 UNIT TUTOR DIRK KROLIKOWSKI JAKUB KLASKA

4

RE-OCCUPYING GIBRALTAR COMMONWEALTH DEAL MAKING HEAD-QUARTER

QIMING (DOUGLAS) YANG UNIT 14

Gibraltar, as the only British oversea territory that has a physical boarder with the EU and only 13 miles across the strait from Africa, will become a peculiar place after Brexit. After leaving the EU market, UK government feels the need to tighten the strings with all Commonwealth of Nations and seek new trading opportunities. Inspired by Boris Johnson’s suggestion of having a ‘flagship’ going around the world striking deals, my project proposes a Commonwealth Deal Making Head-Quarter focusing on African trade deals inside the Rock of Gibraltar.

There are over 50km of tunnelling system inside the Rock of Gibraltar constructed over a course of 200 years by the British Army for defence purposes. After researching into various excavation technologies that has been implemented in the past and has been proposed for the future, I developed a suitable construction sequence to realise this new excavated space inside the Rock, which also informed the structural systems and spatial arrangements for the building design development.

As the narrative suggested that this building is a ‘flagship’ for Britain, certain aspect of British cultural and political products were referenced to drive the design, from Doctor Who’s British Futurism to Ken Adam’s institutional set design for the 007 movie franchise; from Boris Johnson’s JCB speech expressing his confidence in Brexit, to Dyson’s air purifier representing British high-tech products.

Informed by both technical research and narrative development, this project aims to give a satirical architectural response to the current devastating Brexit situation. As the unit brief suggested, this building is a powerful statement to express Britain’s ‘ Modern Courage’.

NEW DELL

SINGAPORE

KAULA LUMPA

CANBERRA

AUCKLAND

5

INITIAL RESEARCH

6

New Zeeland

Australia

Indonesia

Singapore

Auckland Willington

Brisbane Gold Coast

Jakarta Bay Giant Sea Wall

138 sq Km Incl. Changi Airport

UAE Maldives Male Hulhumale

Dubai Palm Island, The World, Burj alArab Abu Dhabi Yas Island

India Mumbai Coast Line

Qatar China

West Bay Doha Hamad Airport

Haikou Bay

Lebanon Beirut Central District

South Africa Foreshore, Cape Town

Macau Cotai Strip

Pakistan Hongkong Disneyland, Aiports

Karachi Coast Line

Philippines

Italy

Manila Bay

Venice Genoa PSA Fucine Lake

Nigeria

China China

Yangtze Valley Shanghai Costal Line

Eko Atlantic, Lagos

Yellow Sea Shore

Spain

Morocco

Barceloneta

Hassan II Mosque

South Korea

France

I n c h e o n Airport

Nice Airport

Netherlands

Monaco

Ireland

Fontvieille

Parts of Dublin Japan Tokyo Bay Osaka Bay Kansai Airport Nagoya Airport

UK

Finland

Belfast Harbour

Helsinki Centre

Russia Parts of St Petersburg Canada USA

USA

Boston, Back Bay New York, Battery Park, Brookly Bridge P ark, L ibe rty S tate Park

Chicago Shoreline, Northwestern University Lakefill

Toronto Waterfront Montreal Ile NotreDame

The Bahamas USA

Nassau

San Francisco Bay San Francisco Airport Panama The Cinta Costera USA Parts of New Orleans

Brazil Rio de Janeiro

Mexico

Uruguay

Mexico City New International Aiport

Montevideo

Argentina

13500+ Sq Km

Buenos Aires Aeroparque

7000 Sq Km

138 Sq Km

470 Sq Km

Singapore

UAE

500 Sq Km

1000+ Sq Km

1550 Sq Km

LAND RECLAMATION MAPPING Japan

USA

South Korea

Netherlands China

The above mapping excersice demonstrates the current situation of land reclamation in the world. Land reclamation is usually defined as creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. The reclaimed is know as reclamation ground or land fill.

7

206 BC - 9 AD

First Know Land reclamation in Hongkong Circa 500AD

Venetians settled in the lagoon

1173

Kyogashima, Kobe, Japan

Circa 1200

Venice Expended from building in the lagoon

1300- 1900

The Netherlands Land Reclamation

1592

The Hibiya Inlet, Tokyo

1820s- 1900s

Singapore Reclamation Projects

1880s - 1930s

Tokyo Bay

1890

The Praya Reclamation Scheme, Hongkong 1900s

Central & Wan Chai Reclamation, Hongkong 1930s

San Francisco Bay Area

1981

Singapore Changi Airport

1987

1996

Kansai, Osaka Airport Construction Started

Hongkong Check Lap Kok Airport Reclamation

2003

2006

The World, Dubai

Initiation of the Yas Island, Abu Dhabi

by 2030

Singapore would expand 7-8% on Reclaimed Land

LAND RECLAMATION HISTORY A study of major land reclamation projects in the human history

8

Dry Method

Sea Wall

Source is transfered from land

Hydraulic Method

Hopper barge

Grab bucket

Loating drag suction dredger

Transporting

Tug boat

Bottom opening barge

Source dumped in sand stock pile

Source dumped on site

Rehandling Method Source borrowed from offshore

Sand pile

Empoldering Method Pumping station Dyke

Stormwater collector

Drains

LAND RECLAMATION METHODS

9

R a i n w a t e r collecting well

Island

Caranto layer Clay

Drains

Wooden poles Bricks

Sand filter

Sand

Canal

Foundations

CASE STUDY: VENICE Venetians adopted and mastered the methods of constructing building on top of the marshy land and expanding their city through reclaiming lands from the lagoon.

10

1958-1974

1820-1958

1974-1987

1987-2011 2011-2050

Tuas Mega Port Currently one of the largest land reclamation project in Singapore.

Total amount of 1085 ha of land will be reclaimed to establish a mega port, as the alternative of the currently occupied Pansir Panjang. A future smart shipping hub would be establisehd here.

Casting concrete caisson. Prepared caisson is transfered on pantoon waiting to be tolled to site

B

Caisson Storage

A Preparing foundation for the caisson seawall

C

Soil improvement works

Placement of caissons along the foundation to form seawall Reclamation filling works start after seawall is formed

D

Different recyclable materials are used as infills, including soils excavated from large underground construction adn seabed dredging

Tuas Mega Port Phase

1,085ha Land area that will be reclaimed

$ 1billion Cost saved by using recycling infill materials

10 % Singapore's port market share in Asia

Caisson is tolled to site

Area (ha)

Start of operation

Cargo handling capcity (million)

Phase 1

414

Early 2020s

20

Phase 2

405

Early 2020s

21

Phase 3

260

Early 2030s

11

CASE STUDY: SINGAPORE 22 percent of Singapore lands are reclaimed from the sea. Singapore adopted the more modern method of land reclamation, landfill. The method illustrates above is a common way of reclaiming land nowadays.

11

Water out

Underpressure

Side friction Anchor weight

Empoldering (Netherlands)

Typical caisson installation

Urban developement on reclaimed land

U n d e r w a t e r Infrastructure space

Building on sand (Venice)

Land Fill with Caisson (Singapore)

Rigs

Main Deck: Control Sectors

Second Deck: Living Quarters

Lifeboats

Cells

Land reclamation using concrete cylinder while infill with precasted concrete structure.

Oil Storages

FUTURE OF LAND RECLAMATION This future land reclamation method where the underwater space should be used for infrastructure is particularly interesting.

12

Ramsey Queens 684m 1886

Dunoon Pier 122 m 1835

Skegness Pier 118 m 1881

Cleethorpes Pier 102 m 1873

Working Pier Pleasure Pier With Amusement Park With Railway

Blackpool North 402 m 1863

Blackpool Central 341 m 1868

Saltburn Pier 206 m 1869

Britannia Pier 169 m 1902

Cromer Pier 153 m 1901

Lowestoft South 403 m 1846

Southend Pier

Southwold Pier 190 m 1900

(Longest Pier)

2195 m 1890

Blackpool South 150 m 1893

Walton-on teh Naze 793 m 1898

St. Annes Pier 183 m 1885

Deal Pier 313 m 1957 Beaumaris Pier 174 m 1846

Bamgor Garth 458 m 1896 Hythe Pier 640 m 1881

Llandudno Pier 700 m 1877

Colwyn Bay Pier 229 m 1900 Eastbourne Pier 305 m 1870 Ryde Pier 703 m 1814

Mumbles Pier 255 m 1898

South Parade 183 m 1879 Brighton Pier 537 m 1899

Penarth Pier 20 m 1895 Totland Bay Pier 137 m 1880

Prince of Wales 155 m 1905

Torquay Princess 238 m 1894

Yarmouth Pier 186 m 1876 Bognor Regis 304 m 1865

Paignton Pier 226 m 1879

Teignmouth Pier 191 m 1867

Weston Grand 366 m 1904

Weymouth Pier 397 m 1933

Swanage Pier 196 m 1896

Bournemouth 229 m 1856

VICTORIAN PIER CULTURE Constructing pier either for pleasure or industrial reasons became very popular during the Victorian period. All types of piers were constructed around the UK's coastal line to extend the land in a physical way.

13

Structure Function

PIER TYPOLOGY Different typologies of Victorian piers were studied to understand the spatial arrangements and the structure strategies.

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The Train Station (Transport Sector)

The Entrance

The Cultural Centre (Pleaseure Sector)

The Lifeboat Centre (Working Sector)

The Link

The Node

The Terminal

CASE STUDY: SOUTHEND PIER The longest pleasure in the world, the Southend pier was studied in detail. Through these studies of piers, a conclusion was drawn that a pier could consist four important element: the entrance, the link, the node and the terminal.

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COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS 165

150

135

120

105

90

75

60

30

45

15

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

135

150

165

180

75

75

60

60

45

45

30

30

15

15

0

0

15

15

30

30

45

45

60

60

165

150

135

120

105

Country that was part of the British empire and is a Commonwelath Nation

90

75

60

30

45

15

Country that was part of the British empire but is not a Commonwealth Nation

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

United Kingdom

Gibraltar Bermuda British Virgin Is. Anguilla Cayman Is.

Montserrat Akrotiri & Dhekelia

Turks & Caicos Is. Pitcairn Is.

British Indian Ocean Territory Falkland Is.

120

135

British Empire Trading Routes

Country that was not part of the British Empire but is a Commonwealth Nation

BRITISH OVERSEAS TERRITORIES

Saint Helena Ascension Is. Tristan de Cunha South Georgia & South Sandwich Is. British Antarctic Territory

BRITISH EMPIRE LEGACY British Empire extended their land by colonizing territories around the world. After the decolonization, it is argued that Commonwealth of Nations and British Overseas Territories are the legacies of the empire.

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120

150

165

180

1600

AFRICA

1620

1640

1660

1680

1700

1720

1740

1760

1780

1800

1820

1840

1860

1880

1900

1920

1940

1960

1980

2000

2020

Botswana Cameroon Eswatini The Gambia Ghana Kenya Lesotho Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Rwanda Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe

AMERICA

Antigua and Barbuda The Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Dominica Grenada Guyana Jamaica St Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia St Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago

ASIA

Bangladesh Brunei India Malaysia Pakistan Singapore Sri Lanka Maldives

EUROPE

Cyprus Malta United Kindom Ireland

OCEANIA

Australia Fiji Kiribati Nauru New Zealand Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Pre-Colonial

British Colony

Non-British Colony

Independent, Not Commonwealth

Commonwealth of Nations

COMMONWEALTH NATIONS TIME LINE There are currently 53 countries in the Commonwealth and most of them were colonized by the British in the history. Africa as a continent has the most Commonwealth Nations (19). It is speculated that after Brexit, new opportunities could be realized in Africa.

17

2016. 06. 23 UK oversea territory Gibraltar has voted to remain more than 96 percent

2016. 07. 13 May becomes prime minister, predicting Britain will “forge a bold new positive role for ourselves in the world.”

2016. 02. 01 The EU Referendum Act 2015 was brought fully into force 2016. 06. 23 The referendum took place and resulted in a vote to leave

2016. 10.19 EU summit reviews progress of negotiations

Brexit means Brexit and we are going to make a Titanic success of it !

2017. 06. 19 Launch of EU-UK Brexit Talk

2017

UK -

EU

2019. 10. 15 Full construction of the UK Commonwealth Deal HQ starts in Gibraltar

Ra tif ing

Ag

re

em

2019. 03.29 UK formally leaves EU

2019. 01. 18 Boris Johnson gave a speach in the JCB headquater revealing his Brexit plan

2019. 01. 15 Theresa May suffered a heavy defeat after MPs rejected her Brexit deal in a historic vote.

en

2018. 04 Commonweath trade might be benefitial post-brexit

2018. 08

t

2019

2018. 10. 20 More than half a million people took to the streets of London in protest for a second referendum

There will be Mars Bars after Brexit !

2021

Co

2020

2018. 11. 25 Terresa May’s Brexit deal accepted by EU leaders

d rio Pe on iti s n ra

Tw oY ea rs

T

2019. 05. 20 UK goverment initiates Commomwealth Deal Head-Quarter project in Gibraltar

2018. 10 Latest feasible date for a draft Brexit deal

ks Tal

Early 2018 Possible talks on a future EU-UK trade deal

2017. 03. 29 UK triggers Article 50, starting its withdrawal from the EU

n tio tia go Ne

2018

mm

on

w

ea

lth

De

al

He

ad Q

u art er P r oje ct

Early 2022 Commonwealth Deal Head Quarter is delivered and UK starts inviting Commonwealth leaders for trade talks

NARRATIVE The current devastating Brexit situation is used as the main narrative for this project. Ridiculous moments created by UK politicians are referenced in the design process as another important design driver.

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A Commonwealth can set a powerful example to the world, one that demonstrates and underlines the importance of protecting free trade and the rules-based international order.

Germany China Netherlands United States France Belgium-Luxembourg Italy Norway Spain Ireland

Import

UK

Export

United States Germany Netherlands France China Ireland Belgium-Luxembourg Switzerland Spain Italy

Current UK Im/export India South Africa China Canada Hongkong Australia Nigeria Kenya Malaysia Germany

Import

UK

Export

South Africa Nigeria India Kenya China Hongkong Canada United States Australia Singapore

Speculated Future UK Im/export

POST BREXIT TRADE With Britan exiting the Eu, new trading opportunities are speculated with other Commonwealth Countries. As the largest emerging market, Africa is likely to become the next trading focus for post-Brexit Britain.

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SPAIN

GIBRALTAR

AIN SP TE WA

GIBRALTAR WATER

R

SPAIN MOR

WAT

OCC

ER

OW

ATER

MOROCCO

20

SPAIN

HIGH SEA

GIBRALTAR

Area of Gibraltar

Gross Domestic Product

=

6.8 SqKm

x2

GDP Per capita (2016) £53,361

GDP (2016) £1,768.4 Million

Land Area in Gibraltar

Growth rate (2016) 9.1%

2500

£ million

2000 Gibraltar

Central Park

1500 1000 500 2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

0

Gibraltar's Imports

Gibraltar GDP Growth over the Years

140000

Economy Sectors

120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0

Shippping 25 %

Population Gibraltar has a population of 34,571 in 2017

=1,000 people

Banking 30 %

Tourism 30 %

Other British

Other

15 %

6%

Gaming 15 %

40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000

Gibraltarian

10000

79 %

5000 0

1986

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

2016

Gibraltar population growth over time

Employment 35,000

Other

Other EU

2 .5%

Moroccan 10 % 1.5 %

Total Population 34,571

30,000

Frontier Worker

25,000 British

20,000

Gibraltarian

19 %

Registered Labour 28,029

42 %

15,000 Spanish

Spanish

10,000

25 %

Ohters

Unemployed 159 (0.4 %)

5,000 0

Arrival by Sea

3%

Tourism

Arrival by Air

2%

Arrival by Land

95 %

14

401

12 10

visitors for every citizen

8 6 4 2 0

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Yachts

In Transit

58 %

4.0 %

Staying

42 %

Other

Cruise Ship

95.9 %

All Visitor Arrivals

0.1 %

Visitor Arrivals by Sea

21

Gibraltar /Spain Boarder Control

Gibraltar International Airport

To Spain

RAF Gibraltar Victoria Stadium Devils Tower Camp Ocean Village

Casino Admiral

Cruise Terminal Moorish Castle Eastern Beach

King's Bastion Leisure Centre Eastern Beach

Mid Harbours Small Boat Marinas

Commonwealth Park Cormorant Wharf Marina Cable Car

Gibraltar Botanic Gardens

Sandy Bay

HM Dockyard

Army Museum SITE

Rosia Harbour

University of Gibraltar

N

0

22

100

200

400

1000 m

Batteries

Tunnel Network

Main Road Secondary Road

Road Network

>10,000 5,000-9,999 2,500-4,999 1,000-2,500 <1,000

Population Density (Persons per Square Km)

Old Town Residential Infrastructure Civic Buildings

Land Use

Reclaimed Land

Satellite

GIBRALTAR URBAN CONTEXT

23

The capture of Gibraltar Rock

History 1731-1907

Spain

History 1908-1985

Spain Line of Contravallation

La Linea (Spain)

Fort Santa Barbara

Fort San Felipe Neutral Zone

Actual Border

Neutral Zone

Windmill B a r r a c k s occupied area Marshy Area

Devil's Tower

750 m (Airport Area)

Marshy Area was turned into a lagoon with defense functions

Gibraltar

1704 The invasion of AngloDutch brought Gibraltar to Britain.

1731 The construction of the fotification.

1704-1705 First Siege of Gibraltar.

1779-1783 The Great Siege of Gibraltar

1713 Treaty of Utretch gave Gibraltar to Britain in perputuity.

1815 First hospital was built by the British on the neutral zone

1727-1728 Second Siege of Gibraltal, the neutral zone was provisionally assigned.

1854 Another hospital was built on the neutral zone

1908 Placement of Britsh fence on the border 1934 Construction of the airdrome on the neutral zone 1954 The Spanish constructed gate on the border 1969 Border was closed on the Spanish side 1982 Reopen of the border

Built up Area

Built up Area

Built up Area

Referundums in Gibraltar

Tunnels of Gibraltar The Tunnels of Gibraltar was constructed through hte course of 200 years, with a total length of 55 km.

1967 99.64%

Phase I (1782-1799) After the capture of Gibraltar, the British started constructing defensive lines on the north-west of the Rock of Gibraltar. (The King's Lines, Queen's Lines, and Prince Lines)

voted to stay with British Soverignty

Phase II (1880-1915) By the end of 19th century, Gibraltar naval base became a strategic asset for the UK. Major constructions were conducted in the harbour, and a east-west tunnel was constructed through the whole width of the Rock.

2002

Phase III (1933-1938) The rise of Nazi and the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War prompted a series of construction of air-raid shelters and hospitals inside teh Tunnels.

98.97%

voted against the principle that Britain and Spain share soverignty over Gibraltar

Phase IV (1939-1945) During the WWII, the construction of the tunnels reached a peak. Gibraltar played a vital role in the North Atlantic and Mediteranean war zone. The length of the tunnels increased from 1km to 40 km Phase V (1956-1968) The final phase was a result of the Cold War. A series of new military and civilian facility were required, as well as storage for fuel and water.

Area under reclamation project planning

Gibraltar Today

2016 95.91%

voted United Kindom should remain in the European Union (Gibraltar votes)

Water Jurisdiction

The UK has a jurisdiction water of Gibraltar that extend three nautical miles into the open sea, and 1.5 miles to from the port.

La Linea (Spain) Current Border

La Linea (Spain)

1.5 Miles (2.4 km)

Water recognized by the Treaty of Utrech, but only for the supplying the garrison of the

British Water

3 Miles (4.5 km)

Spanish Water

Concrete Block Filled Area

The authorities of Gibraltar has thrown around 70 big concrete blocks into this area to preven Spanish from fishing.

Floating Dock

Transporting oil between the floating tanks and gas station without considering the environmental impact has led to constant complaints from the Spanish government.

GIBRALTAR HISTORY

24

Gibraltar (UK)

High Sea

Gibraltar Tunnels and Batteries

O'Hara's Battery

2 1 19 20 3

12

22

21

9

25 28 24

4

26

5

13

8

7

6

31

15 16

11

13. Green Lane Magazine 25. Sandy Cave 14. Peterboro Chambers 26. Viney Quarry Shelter 15. Flat Bastion Hospital 27. Rosia Cold Stores 16. Cowlands Ramp Shelter 28. Power's Drive 17. Ragged Staff Tunnel 29. Gorts Hospital 18. Admiralty Tunnel 30. Glen Rocky Distillery 19. Meditarranean Tunnel 31. Guards Shelter 20. Admiralty Water and Oil Reservoirs 32. Little Bay Fort 21. Leonora's Cave 33. New Tunnel 22. Fosse Way Mazazine 34. Radio Station 23. Napier Tunnel 35. Brewery Magazine 24. R.E.M.E Workshops 36. Beefsteak Magazine

34 32

27

18 17

1. Macfarlane's Gallery 2. Rearguard 3. Upper Waterwork Tunnel 4. Middle Galleries 5. Star Chamber Ramp 6. Hesses Chamber 7. Fordhams Accommodation 8. Hospital 9. City Council Reservoir 10. Hospital Ramp Shelter 11. Turnbull's Lane Shelter 12. Admiralty North/ South Tunnel

33

14 30

10

35 36

29

23

Battery MK X 9.2 Inches Battery MK VII 6 Inches Battery 4 Inches Battery 3.7 Inches Cannon 3 Inches Twin Cannon 6 Inches Anti-aircraft Bofors

O'Hara's Battery Section

US Underground Missile Silo

GIBRALTAR'S HIDDEN WORLD Gibraltar's tunnel and battery system is studied to understand the system they used for defensive reasons during the wall.

25

Gibraltar Observatory Platform One of the old military looking out platform on the top of the rock is transformed into a tourist observatory platform, offering great views to the Meditarranean and Africa.

Gibraltar Data Centre As all the tunnels are constructed for defence reasons, some of them are transformed into data centres for online gambling services in Gibraltar. All the tunnels have high levels of security and can protect the servers from attacks.

Gibraltar Cave Auditorium One of the naturally formed cave is transformed into a auditorium for tourism.

Hospital Trap Door

Lake

Leonaora's Cave Old St Michaels Cave

Dark Rift

New St. Michaels Cave

GIBRALTAR ROCK TRANSFORMATION In the modern days, some of the original tunneling systems and defence devices are transformed into new tourist attractions.

26

Accommodations

Hospital

Reservoir

Hospital Shop

Water/ Oil Shop Reservoir

Workshop

Hospital

Shops

400 m

300 m

St Micheal's Cave (Auditorium)

200 m

100 m

0m

-100 m

GIBRALTAR AS A FORTIFIED CITY Through the years the British military has constructed defence facilities around Gibraltar. With its own natural shape and topography, the Rock could be seen as a fortified city, with roads (Tunnels), hospitals, shops, etc. inside.

27

BRIEF & CONCEPT DESIGN

28

Boris Johnson & Post-Brexit Trade

There will be Mars bars after Brexit!

We should have a ‘flagship’ to go around the world and strike deals after Brexit.

JCB Hall

Ken Adam’s 007 Set Design

Negotiation Chamber

Doctor Who & His Futuristic Gadgets

Tardis

Dyson & British High-tech Products

Dyson Lab

JD Wetherspoons & the Carpets

Wetherspoon Pub

KEY REFERENCE Certain British cultural aspects were referenced for the building design development. Those references were thought to be representing the British pop culture, as well as the British interpretation of a futuristic world.

29

Back of House (BOH) BOH part of the building provides working space for UK goverment officials to initiate deals and invite leaders over for negotiation meetings. Building management teams are also located in the BOH areas.

PROPOSING DEAL ONLINE POSTING

1

INVITATION TO LEADERS

PREPARATION

Key space: Deal Office

ANALYSE DEAL IMPACT

SET UP SECURITY PROTOCAL

SUBMIT FOR APPROVAL

UK PARLIAMENT APPROVAL

2

LEADERS SCHEDULE PLANNING

SETTING UP

BOF Users Around 50 staffs would be sent to the building from UK government. They are the permenant users of the building, managing the building operation as well as initiating deals.

TRANSPORTATION ARRANGEMENT

Front of House (FOH) FOH would take most space of the building and it is defined as the space the invited Commonwealth leaders would interact with, from negotiation chambers to leaders residence.

3

Leaders Welcome Event

JCB HALL

LEADERS ARRIVAL

FOH Users Government officials both from the UK and other Commonwealth Nations are considered as FOH users, They are only using the building for a short period of time for diplomatic reasons.

Dyson Lab Visit

Dyson Lab

Core Space : the Negotiation Chamber

DEAL PRESENTING HALL

4

FORMAL NEGOTIATION

DEAL PRESENTATION DEAL VISUALISATION

WETHERSPOON PUB

5 Key space: Pub

NEGOTIATION

RE-NEGOTIATE

Deal

No Deal

FINALISING DEAL WORDING ACCOMMODATE LEADERS TRANSLATION PROCESS

6

9

FINALISING DEAL

RESTING DINING

ONLINE POSTING SPORT Key space: Signing Hall CASINO

PARLIAMENT APPROVAL

7

RESTING

SIGNING SIGNING CEREMONY PRESS RELEASE

PRESS REPORT

CEREMONIAL DINNER

8

DINING HALL

CONCLUTION

Key space: Leaderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Residence

CEREMONIAL DRINKS Key space: Dining Hall

30

Secondary Consultants

Secondary Suppliers & Subcontractors

Lighting Consultant Sub Contractors Security Consultant

NEC 4 Alliance Contract (ALC) Other Suppliers

Signed by all partners invited by the client

Hotel Consultant

Landscape Architect

Clients Main Design Team

Architect

Structural Eng.

Geological Eng.

Tunneling Specialist

Environmental Eng.

Excavation Specialist

Main Contractors

Contractor A

Contractor B

Representative

MEP Eng.

Main Investors

Main Suppliers British Precast

Representative

Representative

Alliance Board

Alliance Manager Representative

Representative

Alliance Delivery Team

Building Delievery

PARTNERING As part of the narrative, the building would be delivered through partnering method. A few iconic British companies are chosen for the narrative to contribute to the design of the building.

31

Africa

Spain

N

0

100

200

400

1000 m

390

380

370

360

350 340

330 320 310

SITE SELECTION Building site is proposed on the southern peak of the Rock. Looking south is the coast line of Africa, and looking around people can see the whole view of Gibraltar.

32

350

300

250 200 50

150

100

300

350

350

150

200

250

300

100 50

m

Marginal Sequence Upper Barren Beds

400 350 300 250 200 150

Upper Fossil Beds Lower Barren Beds Lower Fossil Beds Catalan Shales Alameda and Catalan Sands Brecciated Breccias and Raised Beaches

100 50

400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50

400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 400 350

N

300 250 200 150 100 50

0

100

200

400

1000 m

GIBRALTAR ROCK FORMATION The rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic promontory mainly formed by Jurassic limestone and dolomites. From studying previous excavation methods implemented for constructing the existing tunnels inside the rock, the formation of the rock is capable of self-supporting after being excavated.

33

Satelitte View of Gibraltar from Southeast

Topography Model of Gibraltar from Southeast

Satelitte View of Gibraltar from Southwest

Topography Model of Gibraltar from Southwest

TOPOGRAPHY OF GIBRALTAR The topography model shows the elevation levels of the Rock of Gibraltar. As the south side of the rock is facing Africa and has one of the highest point, it is decided that the building would be embeded in the south peak of the rock.

34

Floors are layered around a central atrium. Bridges are constructed as the passage to cross over.

A central space is layered in the middle and secondary spaces are located around.

All spaces are located in the centre forming an atrium in the middle and light gaps on the surround. People access the spaces using the bridges.

Spaces are occupied on both side and forming a straight atrium in the middle.

Floors are formed with intervals inbewteen, creating multiple atriums.

LAYERING CONDITIONS Exploring different conditions of layering floors inside the rock creating various spacial qualities, and forming interesting conversations among people occupying different levels.

35

Condition #1: Carving inside the rock, leaving the top open

Condition #2: Carving inside the rock, leaving the top intact

Occupying the Rock of Gibraltar Exploring opportunities of occupying the rock. Different layering conditions are implemented in the models to create spaces inside the rock.

36

Condition #3: Carving the rock vertically, having a tall space that connected to the existing tunnel system

Condition #4: Carving the side of the rock creating side openings for views

Occupying the Rock of Gibraltar Exploring opportunities of occupying the rock. Different layering conditions are implemented in the models to create spaces inside the rock.

37

SPACIAL QUALITY INSIDE THE ROCK Five layering conditions are implemented to test the spacial quality respectively.

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KEY SPATIAL CONCEPTS Through spatial testing, two main concepts are noticed and used to inform my later design development, the Atrium to introduce light and the Bridges to cast shadows.

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Kitchen Sir Winston's Lounge

The Queen Mary Dome over Lounge

Public Amenity

Sports Deck

Suites Squash Court

First Class Second Class

Kitchen

Service Funnel Hatch #3

Circulation

Sun Deck

Hatch

Funnel Hatch #2

Navigation Bridge

Smoking Room

Tennis Courts Wheel House Tank Room Ball Room

Funnel Hatch #1

Promenade Deck Starboard Gallery

Gym

Lounge / Cinema Room

Second Class Smoking Room First Class Smoking Room Operator Room Editor's Room Press Reception

Drawing Room

Main Deck

Long Gallery

Children's Play Room

Lounge Second Class Lounge Library

Library

Shops Observation Lounge & Cocktail Bar

Cocktail Bar

Lecture Room Stewards Service

A-B Deck

Third Class Entrance

Second Class Entrance

Second Class Lounge

Second Class Entrance

Third Class Lounge

C-E Deck

Food Pantries

Leading Stewards Accommodation

Dome over Restaurant

Store and Baggage Entrance

F-H Deck

Second Class Restaurant Baker's Shop

Foyer

Tourist Class Kitchen Third Class Smoking Room

Saloon Kitchen

Seaman's Accommondation

Steering Geer Restaurant Bagage Room Lobby

Store

Second Class Swimming Pool

Third Class Dining Room

Beer Engine Room Sewage Compartment

Cargo

Plant Rooms Boiler Room

Mail Space

Boiler Room

Boiler Room

Boiler Room

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Wine and Spirit

Circulation

The Royal Porch

Central Hall

Westminster Hall

Central Hall

Public Space

Westminster Hall

Courts

Peers Corridor House of Lords

House of Commons

Houses House of Lords

Office House of Commons The Royal Gallery

Library

The Royal Gallery

Living

Peers Dining Hall

The Westerminster Palace The spatial organization and character of the Westminster Palace is studied to understand the principles of Victorian architecture. Victorian design is referenced to my building proposal.

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1. The Entrance and the main Node (Central chamber) are defined on the peak line of the rock

2. A spine is defined to connect the entrance and the node as the Link

3. The dining hall and small chambers are defined as the Terminals

4. Four secondary cores are arranged along the spine

5. Other spaces inside the rock are defined on the east and west side of the spine

6. Tunnels are used as the secondary Links to connect the main spine to other spaces

BUILDING GENESIS

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Main Chamber

Private Chambers

The main space of the building, a large chamber that could fit all 53 Commonwealth Nations leaders. Multi-national deals would be negotiated inside this chamber.

Two private chambers are located on the second level of the building. Bilateral deals between countries would be held in these spaces.

Weatherspoon Pubs Pubs are provided at several place across the building.

Craft beers would be served to leaders when walking around the building.

Dyson Hall As the main sponsor of the ventilation system and other technologies of the building, a hall is dedicated to Dyson, both for exhibition products and establish trade around the world.

Leaders Library This space is placed next to the negotiation chambers for leaders' to take breaks or read during negotiation recess.

Media Office Deal Signing Hall A large symbolic space that holds all the deal signing moments in the building. All deals would be signed on the table placed in the centre of the space.

All press and media activities would take place in the space next to the Chambers.

Leaders' Accommodation

Security Hub

Leaders' accommodations are placed on the east side of the rock for a quiet scenery to the sea.

Security centre and personnels are housed in this area next to the leaders accommodations to ensure their safety.

Amenity Space Amenity space are located next to the accommodation area for easy access after negotiation. The space features swimming pool, gym and a casino.

Loading Bay The tower which hosts the main entrance and the main core. There is an area for service loading on each level behind the core.

Plant and Services All plant and service rooms are placed on the bottom floor.

Preparation Office This space houses the proposal and data department which are responsible in proposing analysing deals.

Kitchen and Storage Kitchen and food storage would be placed on the bottom level adjacent to the dining hall and leaders accommodation.

Main Dining Hall The main dining hall acts as a ceremonial space for leaders to dine in after a successfully negotiated deal.

The dinning hall features a open terrace that overlooks the continent of Africa.

Core and Circulation Five cores are arranged along the spine, and two levels of walkways are attached to the cliff of the rock.

All other areas could be accessed from the walkways.

The bottom walkway also act as a public space for exhibitions and casual meetings.

Five Cores & One Spine

Negotiation Chambers

BOH Residence

FOH

Politics

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MAIN CHAMBER The main chamber provides the space for all commonwealth nations to meet and negotiate.

It should offer a modern and technological feeling. It also contains the traditional parliamentary formality. It requires good and balanced lighting through out the day and warm temperature inside.

PRC PANELS Can be prefabricated to desired shapes. It would be used as the wall finishing materior for internal and external facade

Precast Concrete Beam Precast beams and floor plates would be used for the main structure for the main chamber

FRONT TERRACE

The front terrace would hold press release events after each deal is made with Africa as its back drop. It would be an entirely opened space in-between the excavated rock cliffs. It could be considered as a viewing platform.

SIGNING HALL The signing hall holds all signing ceremonies when a deal is made. A traditional British institutional sense should be contained in this space. This space is 20 meters in height with shining surface and several openings on the side and top to create dramatic lighting effects.

POLISHED ROCK SURFACE

VICTORIAN RHYTHM

Polished rock surface would Victorian architecture is create a shining surface and referenced to carve the rock in cause dramatic highlight in the such a manner to recreate an room institutional sense for the room

THE SPINE The spine would be the main circulation corridor of the building and the space where all people would intertwine. It would merge the British futuristic character with the original rock surface as a strong statement of British occupancy in a foreign soil.

CLEAVED ROCK SURFACE

PLAZA

The plaza located beneath the main chamber would provide space for people to meet casually during their stay. It will receive daylight through the gaps between the main chamber and the rock. Restaurant and cafĂŠs would be located around the plaza.

Greenery are also planted as a way to protect the local ecosystem.

PUB

The British pub chain Wetherspoon, as one of the main sponsor of the project, would open several pubs in the building. They would bring their traditional British pub culture inside the Rock, and invite Leaders from around the world to have a pint.

SPATIAL CHARACTERS

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LAYERED FLOORING

Cleaved rock surface would Footbridges would be be explosed in the corridor to cantilevered from the rock remind people the nature of the cliff, and top opening provides building natural light

WORKSPACE The main workspace would require bright daylight to ensure productivity. Use of bright and neutral tone material would offer professional and productive environment.

HAMMERED ROCK SURFACE Rock surface would be evenly hammered to create a space with balanced lighting

LIGHT COLOR FLOORING Light color and polished flooring material would be used to ensure brightness in the room

GRAND LOBBY

The grand lobby would be the first interaction of the leaders to the building. The traditional British ocean-liners grand staircases are referenced in the design of the grand-lobby. Leaders would take the lift from the top entrance down to the grand lobby and start their journey around the building.

TECTONIC MOMENT: THE JCB HALL A 200 metres long hallway excavated by the main sponsor JCB is featured as the spine of the building. Walkways are cantilevered from the rock cliff and tunnels are constructed to access all other areas. The spine would also be used as exhibition space for British products for advertisement purposes.

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Entrance

Guest Lift Lift Lobby

Goods Lift

Operational Office

Entrance Lobby

B

PU

Leaders Lounge Grand Stair Case

Reception

Tectonic Moment: The Grand Lobby A tectonic drawing of the grand lobby showing how the guest would enter the building and the first moment guest would interact with the building.

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Ken Adamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Set Design for James Bond Movie

MAIN NEGOTIATION CHAMBER CONCEPT

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

48

01. Shaft Sinking: Cores

02. Deep Trench: the Spine

03. Tunneling: Tunnels

Shaft Sinking Deep Trenching Tunneling Rock Chambering

04. Rock Chambering: All Rooms

EXCAVATION STRATEGY Four excavation methods are chosen for constructing the building. Different areas of the building are defined using feasible excavation strategies.

49

POST-EXCAVATION TREATMENT After excavation works, all excavated rock surface shall be cleaned and treated with proper methods. Below are three methods that should be implemented after excavation for the project.

After the excavated rocks are removed, all overhang rock tips should be removed carefully.

Loose rocks, debris should be picked and cleared from all rock surface and gaps.

After all loose rocks are cleared out, the rock surface should be water-jet clean in order to remove small size debris.

ROCK SURFACE TREATMENT

Sawed surface has a matt finish with non reflective colour. It is relatively smooth with irregular scratch mark from sawing.

Sawed

This treatment would be used in office space where balanced light is wanted.

Bush hammering would give the rock a light colour with evenly coarse grain finish. Depth of the surface is usually <5mm.

Bush Hammer Finish

This treatment would be used in all amenity space to create a light colour and interesting surface effect with sunlight.

Polished rock surface gives a strong and shiny colour. High reflective and smooth finish is expected.

Polished

This treatment would be used in the Deal Signing Hall where a dramatic lighting effect is desired.

Cleaved surface would be the original surface of the excavated rock.

A colourful, irregular surface is expected.

Cleaved

This treatment would be used in the main spine (JCB Hall) and all tunnels. Great shadow could be created under direct sunlight

ROCK TREATMENT Various rock surface treatments could be applied to achieve different finishing effects for different spaces in the building.

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SHAFT SINKING

Clearing site and level out unevened terrain using excavators

Drilling machines would then drill holes on a regular grid in the designated areas

All holes are filled with explosives and blasted using remote control

Shaft sinking machine mounted on gate gantry crane would be set up on site and shaft sinking begins

Rock cutter would be sent down to the shaft bottom to cut shaft into desired shape

Tower crane would be set up to apply concrete linings and to conduct further core construction

Clearing site and level out unevened terrain for trenching areas.

Trenching process would be conducted from both ends of the trench and meet in the middle.

Rock cutter is used to cut large rocks, and excavators is used to clear aggregate.

Aggregate would be cleared from site through temporary conveyor belt down to the mountain.

Large regular rock would be craned out of site and transported as building material.

Scaffolding would be errected once trenching has reached desired depth.

DEEP TRENCHING

TUNNEL BORING

Drilling machine using excavated trench as working platform to drill holes on the rock wall

Elevated platform allows workers to fill in explosives

After blasting, fumes would be ventilated before workers entering tunnels

Conveyor belt would be installed to remove debris out of the tunnel

Rock anchoring would be bolted if any part of the tunnel is unstable

Concrete floor would be poured in-situ, and steel support would be installed for service holding

A tunnel and a top opening would be excavated simulaneously before excavating the rock chamber.

Rock breaker would be used to break the rocks after blasting, and excavator would clear small debris.

Concrete linings would be applied to retain the top opening areas.

Rock cutter would be used to cut rocks into regular shape for building materials.

Large rocks would be removed using tower crane from above through the top opening.

Floor decks would be installed once the chamber has reached desired depth and size.

ROCK CHAMBERING

51

0. Clearing site and survey ground condition

1. Drill holes and fill explosives

2. Sinking two shafts to B1 level

3. Drill holes and start excavating the spine

4. After the spine is excavated to B1 level, start boring tunnels

5. Repeating cycles until the full depth (B3 level) is reached

6. Apply concrete linings in the shaft and install first crane

7. Install scaffoldings and necessary temporary support along the excavated surface

8. Erect all five structural cores

9. Excavate all chambers and install retaining structure and floors inside

10. Excavate small chambers and front terrace space

11. Install assambled main chamber

12. Install footbridge and all service

13. Remove scalfolding and start interior fit-out

14. In use

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

52

Leaders Access Leaders would be accessing the building via Helicopter from Gibraltar International Aiport.

Then they would enter the building from the top.

Staff Access Staff would be accessing the building via cars from the road and take the same route as the leaders to enter the building.

A Rock Chamber

The Spine Loading Bays

Main Core

Accessing Internal Space

New tunnels would be excavated to connec the main spine to other rock chambers

Supply via Existing Tunnels

The main core would be excavated and connected to existing tunnel networks below the building. Some of the tunnels can fit service truch and be used for deliver.

Service and supplies would be delivered to the building via the existing tunnel systems in the bottom of the rock.

Leaders and Staff Service and Supplies

ACCESS STRATEGY

53

Leaders Circulation Strategy

Leaders access the building from above

Service Circulation Strategy

Public Core

Service Core

Leaders Path

Plant and Service Zone

Main Chamber Leader's Library Front Terrace Signing Room Amenity Spaces Plaza Dining Hall Residence

Staffs access the building from above

Staff Circulation Strategy Public Core Deal Preparing Office Dyson Lab Security Unit Media Centre Plaza

Supplies are delivered from existing tunnel system blow

BUILDING CIRCULATION

54

Sloping roof is designed to avoide direct sunlight glare in the negotiation space.

Green roof acts as an insulation layer for the central chamber.

L i g h t w e l l s o n t o p of each rock chamber introducenatural light into the room.

Gaps inbewteen the rock and the chamber would bring mid day sunlight to warm up the plaza

Heat exchange on top of the chamber takes out heated air Rocks on top of the small chamber act as the insulation layer.

E

W

Deal signing hall is located on the west to receive the more dramatic afternoon sunlight.

Solar farms are installed on top of the rock to harvest solar power as the main energy source for the building.

The main spine would remain opened as exterior of the building. the bottom would have water collecting device in order to collect rain water both for portable and irrigation use.

Thermal mass would be stored by the rock during the day, and a night purge would be performed every night to release the heat.

Amen i t y s p a c e s a r e located facing east to receive warm morning direct sunlight

W

E

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY

55

Gibraltar Sun Path

Summer Solstice, June 21th

Upper Walkway

Lower Walkway

Upper Walkway

Lower Walkway

Winter Solstice, Dec 21th

NATURAL LIGHT STUDY Natural light is treated as the main light source during the day. A great amount of light is received through out the year in Gibraltar. As the main spine is treated as the external space of the building. Large amount of natural light is expected when using the space.

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TYPICAL CORE 1. Service Riser 2. Fire Door to Fire Stairwell 3. Service/Firefighting Lift 4. Service Ducts 5. Lift Lobby 6. Public Lift 7. Fightfighting Stairwell 8. Rock Anchoring 9. Service Tunnel 10. Rock Anchoring Bolt 11. Main Spine Footbridge

1

12.Service Riser

2 3

4

5

6

7

8

Queen Mary Reference: The Engine Hatch

9

The engine hatch used in ships is a hall that run through every single deck allowing duct works connecting the engines located in the bottom of the ship to the top funnels.

10

The cores in the building are used as the hatch to run all service ducts to every single deck.

11

12

Fire Corridor Sliding FD

Access from Main Spine

Public Lift

Fire/Service Lift

Dry Riser

Firefighting Stair

Fire outlet

Fire Corridor

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FOOTBRIDGE (JCB HALL) 1. Integrated Lighting 2. Rock Embeded Hot Desk 3. Anti-Slippery Flooring 4. Rain Water Drainage 5. Glazed Balustrade 6. Intergrated Floor LED Light 7. Intergrated Greenery Slot 8. Floor GRP Panel 9. Waterproofing Layer 10. FLoor Panel Brackets 11. Integrated Service 12. Steel Structure 13. Rock Anchorage Queen Mary Reference: The Promenade Deck The promenade deck on ships provide a semi external space for passengers to enjoy the ocean view and fresh air. Open space also provide opportunities for different people to intertwine.

The footbridges attached to the rock cliffs in the JCB hall is a public external space for all people to interact.

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1. Rock is excavated into a staircase shape

2. Cantilever steel beams are placed and anchored into the rock

3. Structures are placed 4 metres apart from each other

4. Lateral floor deck joists are installed on top of the cantilever steel beam

5. Installing integrated underfloor service

6. Installing floor panels and hand rails

Rain Water Harvesting This excavated canyon shaped main spine is a natural rain water collecting vessel. Like the old Gibraltar water catchment, each footbridge has an integrated rain water collecting drain.

Foot Bridge Detail

FOOTBRIDGE STUDY

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A TYPICAL TUNNEL 1. Waterproofing lining 2.Integrated Underfloor Service 3.Composite Concrete Floor Decking 4. Steel Beam 5. Composite Concrete Flooring 6. Integrated Bench 7. Steel Supporting Structure (For Service Holding) 8. Ventilation Duct 9. Rock Anchorage 10. Concrete Door Frame 11. Palm Lock 12. Tunnel Entrance 13. Ventilation Outlet 14. Footbridge

1

2

3

4

5

Queen Mary Reference: Service Hallway The hallways on ships is used for the service ducts to run through between spaces.

The tunnels in the building is not use only to connect people, but also service ducts from cores to rock chambers.

Tunnel Section

Mountain Tunnel Study A typical mountain tunnel is studied as a precedent. With mountain tunnels, concrete lining are usually used as the retaining structure for unstable surrounding.

However, in the Rock of Gibraltar, rocks are self-supporting. Therefore retaining structure is not required.

Steel beams are used only to hold service ducts.

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14

LEADERS COMMON ROOM

Queen Mary Reference: Observation Bar

1. Connection Tunnel 2. Reception 3. Pantry 4.Rock Embed Working Pod 5. Bar 6. Underfloor Irrigation System 7. Composite Concrete Flooring 8. Atrium Garden 9. Openable Louvre Glazing 10. Lightwell Retaining Lining 11. Concrete Supporting Ribbing 12. Rock Anchorage 13. Integrated Service 14. Steel Cantilever Structure 15. Balcony Rainwater Drainage 16. Balcony

1

2

3

Amenity spaces such as the observation bar on Queen Mary ship are referenced for the building.

The leaders common provides a exclusive space for them to enjoy their free time in the building.

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1.Concrete foundations with roller bearing on top are embed inside excavated rock cliffs

2. Five precast concrete beams acting as the primary stuctures sit on top of the roller bearigns.

3. Secondary structures are added inbetween to offer lateral support

4. Floor plates are constructure on top of the structures

CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION

62

5. Precast load bearing walls are installed inbetween structures.

A typical precast concrete structure component

Roller Bearing

Side Column

Facade Column

Floor Beam

Top Beam

Five primary structures are designed to support the chamber from the side cliffs

Secondary structures are added to offer lateral support

GRC Panels

Precast facade to column joint

Precast load bearing facades are attached on structures

Ventilation duct is precasted inside the column

CHAMBER STRUCTURAL DESIGN

63

VENTILATION

Roof Beam

Hot air in the chamber would be taken into the exchange duct and released from the roof top

Hot Air Exchange Duct Purified Air Supply Duct Electric Wiring Specially Designed Rotatable DYSON AirFan

GREEN ROOF

Green Roof Detail 1. Internal Panel Alluminium Joist 2. Precast Roof Mesh 3. Internal Acoustic Panel 4. Precast Concrete Roof 5. Additional Roof Insulation 6. Base Sheet Membrane 7. Cap Sheet Membrane 8. Drainage Board 9. Micro Fabric 10. Growing Medium 11. Vegetation 12. Purified Air Supply Duct 13. Heat Exchange Duct 14. Metal Rods 15. Precast Concrete Roof Beam 16. Roof Top Drainage 17. The Rock of Gribraltar 18. Lightwell for plaza beneath 19. Heat Exchange Outlet

16 15 14 13 12

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2 3

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CHAMBER ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

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FINAL DRAWINGS

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SECTION I: NEGOTIATION CHAMBERS 1. East Negotiation Chamber 2. Leaders Library Balcony 3. East Chamber Entrance Tunnel 4. Service Tunnel 5. Leaders Library 6. Central Chamber Precast Concrete Column 7. Central Chamber Top Opening 8. Media Balcony 9. Water Holding Tank 10. Food & Drink Storage 11. Central Negotiation Chamber 12. Central Chamber Greenroof 13. Front Glazing Looking Towards Africa 14. Open Terrace 15. Dining Hall Entrance 16. Wetherspoon Pub 17. Plaza 18. Central Chamber Floor Beam 19. Service Basement 20. Footbridge 21. Lightwell for Plaza 22. Media Office 23. News Room 24. West Negotiation Chamber 25. Africa Coast Line

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SECTION II: SIGNING HALL & AMENITY

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1. Signing Hall 2. Deal Signing Table 3. Upper Balcony 4. Solar Battery Plant 5. Plant Room Ventilation 6. Media Entrance to Signing Hall 7. Leaders Entrance to Signing Hall 8. Foot Bridge 9. The Main Spine 10. Escalator to Central Chamber 11. Service Hall 12. Exhibited JCB Excavator 13. Integrated Service 14. Rock Top Retaining Lining 15. Solar Farm 16. Gym 17, Swimming Pool 18. Pantry 19. Sun Deck 20. Leaders Common Room

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SECTION III: OFFICE & RESIDENCE 1. Executive's Balcony 2. Government Executive’s Office 3. UK Government Deal Making Department 4. Office Lounge 5. Office Light Well 6. Government Office Reception 7. Server Chamber 8. Office Entrance Tunnel 9. Integrated Underfloor Service 10. Footbridge 11. Service Hall 12. Helicopter Landing Zone 13. Main Entrance 14. The Grand Staircase 15. The Main Entrance Core 16. The Public Lounge 17. Rock Top Retaining Structure 18. Water Holding Tank Chamber 19. Security Department Lounge 20. Security Operation Room 21. Leaders’ Residence 22. Residence Tunnel 23. Upper Level: Bed Room 24. Lower Lever: Office 25. Leaders’ Balcony

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CENTRAL NEGOTIATION CHAMBER 1. Foundation Anchorage 2. Concrete Foundation Base 3. Roller Bearing 4. World Clocks 5. Precast Primary Beams 6. Composite Concrete Floor 7. Floor Joists 8. Timber Floor Finishing 9. Hot Air Intake 10. Hologram Display 11. Negotiation Table 12. Front Glazing (Africa Coast Line) 13. Greenroof 14. Media Balcony 15. Storage Passage 16. Underfloor Service 17. DYSON Purified Air Supply 18. Lavatory Ventilation 19. Lavatory 20. Openable Top Opening 21. Internal Acoustic Panels 22. Load Bearing Precast Wall 23. External GRC Panels 24. Primary Precast Column

NEW DELL

SINGAPORE

KAULA LUMPA

CANBERRA

AUCKLAND

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All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2019 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

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UNIT @unit14_ucl

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M O D E R N C O U R A G E

2019

A

t the center of Unit 14’s academic exploration lies Buckminster Fuller’s ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’, a master-builder that follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal of the designer as somebody who is capable of comprehending the ‘integrateable significance’ of specialised findings and is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of these discoveries while not disappearing into a career of expertise. Like Fuller, we are opportunists in search of new ideas and their benefits via architectural synthesis. As such Unit 14 is a test bed for exploration and innovation, examining the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. We are in search of the new, leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital as well as physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation with a research-driven core, generating momentum through astute synthesis. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and through the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, will generate new and unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals. They will be beautiful because of their intelligence - extraordinary findings and the artful integration of those into architecture.

Inspired by the audacity of the modernist mind the unit’s work aspires to reinstate the designer’s engagement with all aspects of our profession.

Observation and re-examination of every aspect of current civilizatory development enables to project near future scenarios and positions the work as avant garde in the process of designing a comprehensive vision for the future.

Societical, technological, cultural, economic as well as political developments propel the investigations with a deep understanding of how they interlink to shape strategies and astute synthesis to determine a design approach.

We believe in the multi-objectivity of our design process, where the negotiation of the different objectives becomes a great source of architectural novelty and authorship. We will fight charlatanism with the aid of practical experimentation, scientific knowledge and technology. We find out about how human endeavour, deep desire and visionary thought interrelate as well as advance cultural and technological means while driving civilisation as a highly developed organisation. The underlying principle and observation of our investigations will be that futurist speculation inspires and ultimately brings about significant change. Supported by competent research the work is the search for modernist courage aiming to amplify found nuclei into imaginative tales with architectural visions fuelled by speculation.

Thanks to: RSHP, Zaha Hadid Architects, DKFS Architects, Heatherwick Studio, Amanda Levete Architects, Seth Stein Architects, Cundal Engineering, DaeWha Kang Design, Uni Stuttgart ITKE

UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl

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