Myfyr Jones-Evans_Y4 | Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture

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MYFYR JONES-EVANS -

YEAR 4

UNIT

Y4 MJ

E RACE WALES

@unit14_ucl

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MYFYR JONES-EVANS YEAR 4 Y4 MJ

myfyr.jonesevans@btinternet.com @unit14_ucl

E RACE WALES Penrhyn Quarry, Wales

BRIEF E Race Wales aims to promote the little known network of innovation across three key sectors currently within Wales being Aerospace, Automotive and Clean Energy industries by developing an all electric air race located in a former quarry. By creating a new and innovative event in the heart of post industrial Wales, the Air Race aims to promote post Brexit relations between Wales, Europe and the wider World through trade and innovation.

naming some of his most notable works in the Welsh Language.

The design aims to encompass the quarry lake where the main event takes place forming a v shape with the cantilever stretching outwards. With both parts of the building overlooking each other, the spectacle is enhanced as visitors can see the take off/landing of the aircraft only metres away within the main quarry pit which is an impressive spectacle within itself.

Due to the international outreach the event will have (sponsors, teams, investors, entertainment, media coverage and overall visitor appeal) Wales will benefit from the subsequent rise in skills labour, economic performance and social development.

E Race Wales also aims to penetrate other markets such as the ESports market which is a growing phenomenon which will give the event and its ambitions a new dimension and outlets such as personal mobile devices and on site professional gaming terminals. Retail spaces, hospitality events and exhibitions will offer a wide range of activities to visitors other than the race event itself.

RESPONSE The terraces offer views of the site and event and take inspiration from the layering approach of Frank Lloyd Wright, following the quarry’s unique topography lines. The principles of Frank Lloyd Wright’s ‘Organic Architecture’ are also a point of inspiration in this building with the exposed rock face located within the main building and the slate shear walls, built from the mined slate of the quarry itself. These principles are made all the more pertinent when combined with the fact that Frank Lloyd Wright’s Welsh heritage manifested itself in his work and often saw him travel to Wales and

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e.race wales

E Race Wales Design Portfolio Myfyr Euron Jones-Evans 18048097 UNIT 14 : 2018/2019

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Research and Brief Development

Sites of International Progression, Reinvention and Heritage Overview of Industrial Progression, Reinvention and Heritage The Assembly Lines as a Disruptive Technology The American Rust Belt and Detroit as a Particular Example Fiat Lingotto Factory, Turin Germany, Wolfsburg and Zollverein Meiji Industrial Revolution and Hashima Island Wales Network of High Tech Industries and Clean Energy Clean Energy Wales Aerospace/ Automotive Industries in Wales Political and Economic make up of Wales Brief Development The Event Breakdown Hopes/Potential for E Race Wales on the International Stage Wider Wales Impact

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Site Selection and Analysis

Existing Aerial View Site Plan Site Analysis Historic Images Site Views Site Overview Impact on Locality

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My brief is based on Aston Martin’s (British car manufacturer) new manufacturing plant in St Athan, South Wales where they intend to produce the new DBX and electric Lagonda.

More pertinent to my brief is Aston Martin’s latest concept of the Vision Volante, a private aircraft with vertical lift powered by a Rolls Royce hybrid/electric engine, which when reaching manufacturing stage of development, will be manufactured at the plant in St Athan. This invention along with Wales’s drive for clean energy, aerospace & automotive sector as well as research and innovation centres twinned with universities provide the perfect support network for the proposal. The objectives of this project would be to enhance people’s understanding and engagement with e technology and to encourage international participation and research and development within this field.

For this, the design of the building must achieve three main objectives. One; reflect and portray the heritage and journey of Wales to become an unlikely nation of innovation. Two; be a design that is clean, low carbon and ‘green’ so as to provide a home for the activities that reflects the ambition of the project and the nation. Three; become a centre that is open and accessible, located close to main arterial connections for ease of travelling to and from the site. To achieve these aims, an extensive research into the cultural impact and past history of the locality and its wider context has been conducted. Utilisation of the climate, natural and clean resources such as high levels of precipitation, wind exposure, tidal/hydro power can be utilised. Selection of a site which creates a challenging and exciting natural obstacled circuit for the airplanes which require little infrastructure and utilises the already present 3D terrain whilst retaining good transport links to ports, airports and main arterial routes for good communication and transport links.

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General Arrangement + Final Drawings

E Race Wales - Cantilever view E Race Wales - Overview - Take Off/ Landing E Race Wales - Sectional View One E Race Wales - Sectional View Two Main Building - Section A-A 1:250@A1 Main Building - Ground Floor Plan 1:750@A1 Main Building - First Floor Plan 1:750@A1 Main Building - Second Floor Plan 1:750@A1 Main Building - Third Floor Plan 1:750@A1 Main Building - Roof Plan 1:750@A1 Site Plan 1:5000@A1 Site Plan 1:2500@A1

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Studying the traditional economic infrastructure of Wales and its political make up highlights interesting points with Wales voting to leave in the 2016 EU referendum despite Wales receiving large sums of investment in research, innovation as well as cultural and heritage initiatives. One could argue from this result that communication of the role the EU played in developing Wales as a nation after the collapse of its heavy industries and its continuing support and the reliance business in Wales have on frictionless borders (Particularly Airbus) and trade agreements did not reach the general public. The one thing that is certain is that Wales, in its current start up phase of innovative industries, requires a strong working relationship with Europe and the world and the centre for e Racing aims to provide a post Brexit beacon of research and development in e technology in the heart of post industrial Wales.

This as well as the climate of innovation, a drive for clean energy and the infrastructure that is already in place and promised for Wales creates a ripe environment for a centre that utilises these existing resources and amplifies their achievements and ambitions. This, is what I intend to achieve with E Race Wales.

Design Development

Vernacular Architecture of Wales Frank Lloyd Wright’s Principals of Organic Architecture and Pertinence to Welsh Architecture Design Inspiration from Site Form Finding Early Design Iterations Early Design Iterations Maximising Viewing Capacity Project Materiality Material Sourcing and Future Building Impact Water Collection, Reuse and Waste Management Energy Production, Usage, Ventilation and Adaptability Main Building Construction Race Pit Design Race Pits Cantilever Sequence Cantilever Assembly

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Programme and Event Structure

Aston Martin Vision Volante Level Pass Structure Programme Axonometric Programme Timetable/Usage Race Event When You Arrive E Race Circuit Emergency Site Procedure Team Structure Individual Race Pit Esports at E Race Wales Exhibition Allocation Site Organisation and Use

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Through research into industrial heritage, economic portfolios and regeneration of several worldwide locations my research led me to the site of the wing assembly factory of Airbus UK which is located in Broughton, Wales. Further investigations led to uncovering several locations of innovation, aerospace, automotive and a clean energy drive within Wales’s infrastructure ambition with the nation attempting to have 70% of all energy produced in Wales generated through clean methods by 2030.

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Appendix

Section A-A 1:100@A2 Section B-B 1:100@A2 Section C-C 1:100@A2 Section D-D 1:100@A2

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01 Research and Brief Development 01.

Sites of Industrial Progression, Reinvention and Heritage

02.

Overview of Industrial Progression, Reinvention and Heritage

03.

The Assembly Lines as a Disruptive Technology

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The American Rust Belt and Detroit as a Particular Example

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Fiat Lingotto Factory, Turin

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Germany, Wolfsburg and Zollverein

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Meiji Industrial Revolution and Hashima Island

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Wales Network of High Tech Industries and Clean Energy

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Clean Energy Wales

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Aerospace / Automotive Industries in Wales

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Political and Economic Make Up of Wales

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Brief Development

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The Event Breakdown

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Hopes/ Potential for E Race Wales on the International Stage

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Wider Wales Impact

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Sites of Japan Meiji Revolution Hagi Hagi proto - industrial heritage Italian Industry

Kagoshima Shuseikam

Turin Fiat Lingotto Factory

Nirayama Nirayama reverberatory furnaces Kamaishi Hashino iron mining and smelting Saga Mietsu Naval Dock

German Industry

Nagasaki Nagasaki shipyard Takashima coal mine Glover house and office

Wolfsburg VW Wolfsburg autostadt Zollverein Zollverein, Essen Coal Mine

Yahata The Imperial steel works

UK Industry Airbus UK Airbus Broughton, Wales

American Rust Belt Detroit Detroit and wider metropolitan area

Site of Industrial Progression, Reinvention and Heritage My initial research looked at various global locations of industries identifying various attitudes, decline, advancement and continuation of industries in order to identify common or differing patterns and the role architecture played in these becoming icons of their respective fields. A particular example of this, the Lingotto factory with its infamous architectural style has found new life as a multiuse venue with its heritage and iconic structure preserved. Japan with its contentious history of industrial development with permanent built reminders of its past. Germany with its continuing industrial success and America with its industrial decline.

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American Industry

My Research began with the disruptive technology of the Ford assembly line introduced in 1918. This led to mass production and due to higher wages for workers, a rise to what we now call consumerism. This is often termed the second industrial revolution and its social and cultural impact has laid the foundation to how we produce and consume goods.

Through this research, I went further into the third industrial revolution which largely displaced workers and led to vast industries closing and/or moving to Asia for lower production costs. This led to the ‘rust belt’ an area of decline and literal rusting industries.

Detroit has been a poignant example of this decline with massive loss in population and abandonment and disrepair of many parts of the city. The recent election of Donald Trump in 2016 echoes the feeling that people have been left behind and a silent majority has spoken although, traditionally Americans have often strongly objected any state intervention in business or industries which were failing as this has been considered ‘unwanted intervention’ by government.

Private industries, with added tax incentives, are now aiming to rejuvenate these areas with Amazon (fulfilment HQ), Facebook (Software engineering training programme) and LG (electric car production with Chrysler to be produced in Detroit) moving in as part of industry 4.0.

The companies moving into the rust belt and map of the belt

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Italian Industry

Moving on from decline, I studied the Lingotto Factory in Turin as an example of an economy that had diversified successfully. Turin along with Milan remains a successful industrial heartland for the Italian economy although in 1982 the aforementioned factory was closed due to it being outmoded.

This led to its rejuvenation as a multi use complex including, retail, hotel and even an opera hall.

The architecture of the building marries art and industry harmoniously in the ethos of the futurist (later to be hijacked by the fascists in 1923 when the factory was opened by then dictator Benito Mussolini).

At its opening it was the largest and most advanced car manufacturing plant in the world and unique with its rooftop race/test track. Turin has diversified its economy by becoming the cultural and food capital of Italy, expanding its economic dependency across other sectors which has proved to be immensely successful whilst retaining much of its industrial production capability.

The factory, therefore is a symbol of a wider economic strategy which has developed and maintained the Italian economy through wide diversification as well as continuation of industry, something the U.S.A. has failed to do with its traditional industries due to its economic and political policies of no state intervention.

Turin Fiat Lingotto Factory

Material enters at ground floor, assembled against gravity towards roof track After car is assemble, tested on roof track Finished Product, north or south ramps

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German Industry

Wolsburg

Zollverein

VW Autosstadt

Essen

German industry is an example of continuation of industry through continuous innovation and a strategy of adaptation and efficiency as well as diversification and successful state intervention in industry.

As a particular example, I studied Wolfsburg, which currently stands as the largest car manufacturing plant in the world with Volkswagen being the largest car manufacturer in the world, retaining its title despite the emission scandal of 2015.

Similar to Lingotto, Wolfsburg was constructed under the ideology of the then Nazi party to produce the KDF wagon, designed by Ferdiand Porsche and subsequently would become the beetle after the War when production of the KDF wagon was halted after minimal numbers were made to shift towards war production. Zollverein in Essen, is an example of successful state intervention in industrial sectors. State run,training and employment workshops resulted in workers who had lost jobs in traditional industries such as coal mines were able to retrain for free and seek employment in other industries. This has led to reduced unemployment and a worker base which is highly diverse in skills and abilities.

The old coal mine in Essen now acts as a business centre and again similar to Lingotto, its unique architectural merit has allowed it to become a cultural icon and centre.

Japanese Industry

Nagasaki

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Hashima Island 03

01 Hagi proto-industrial heritage

03 Nirayama reverberatory furnaces

05 Saga Mietsu Naval Dock

02 Kagoshima Shuseikam

04 Kamaishi/ Hashino Mining and smelting site

06 Nagasaki Nagasaki Shipyard Takashima Coal Mine

07 Miike Coal Mine & Port Misumi Port Yahata

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01 08 05 07

Japan and in particular, Hashima Island are an example of a nation which is at the same time proud of its industrial heritage whilst fraught with controversial truths. Japan in the late 19th Century was wanting in modern industrial capacity similar to that of the western nations and therefore shifted from its traditional ties with China and Russia and started an industrial revolution under the Meiji dynasty.

Japan during this time had a major constitutional shift to giving its Emperor (Meiji) divine like powers again and therefore total control. The first decree of this new divine Emperor was that Japan was to modernise. From 1870, Japan underwent major industrial development, digging for coal in Hashima island (above), shipyards and steel works. This led to the Japanese era of aggression and led to Japanese-Russio war of 1905 (Japan won) and the annexation of Korea in 1910.

Prisoners of War were forced to work in Japan’s new industrial centres amongst inhumane conditions which leads to the present day controversy.

Japan has applied for the above sites to be registered as Unesco World Heritage Sites from the period of 1870 to 1923 (where POW’s were not utilised) which has led to much contention namely from Korea which has formally intervened in the process due to the ‘forgetting’ of the POW years.

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08 Imperial Steel Works

Glover house /office

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1908

1913

1924

1927

01 October: First Model T is produced and sold. Production time is 12 hours and retails for $800

13 November: Ford assembly line is perfected which reduces production time to 2.5 hours and cost down to $300

04 June: The 10 millionth Model T rolls off the production line

26 May: Production of the Model T finishes after the 15 millionth car is produced

1940’s

1950’s

1960’s

1970’s

Post war consumerism takes off with America priding ownership and manufacturing

Consumer choice grows and car ownership becomes a normality for most Americans

Faster cars and a wider choice leaves behind practical necessity and is replaced

Consumer choice is paramount and speed, performance and image becomes the forefront

Coca Cole, a symbol of American consumerism

The ugly side of capitalistic consumerism

U.S. manufacturing is depicted as strong and trustworthy

American goods are championed as superior

The assembly line as a disruptive technology The first part of my research focused on the disruptive technology of the Ford Assembly Line. As a technology this led to the mass production of cars and other goods quickly turning America into a consumerist nation and kickstarting the second industrial revolution which led to higher wages and disposable incomes for workers

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Detroit age distribution (2016) 31.1%

U.18 18-24 9.7%

29.5%

25-44 45-64

19.3%

65.O 10.4%

Detroit Population 1,800,000

1950 2000

U.S Rust Belt and area showing signs of regeneration

2010 2016

951,270 713,777 677,116

Detroit Unemployment 2000 2.5% 2008

7.7%

2009 2015 2017

17.2% 6% 4%

2016 Presidential election result

Top 100 Universities that are situated in the ‘rust belt’ Institution Rank University of Chicago University of Pennsylvania Cornell University Northwestern University University of Michigan Carnell Mellon university University of Illinois at Urbana Campaign University of Wisconsin Madison University of Minnesota Washington University in St. Louis Pennsylvania State University Purdue University The Ohio State University University of Pittsburgh

Commercial and industrial designers by metro

10 13 19 20 21 23 36 45 53 57 68 70 72 80

The companies investing in the rust belt

The American Rust Belt and Detroit as a Particular example Initial research led me to look into the legacy of the second industrial revolution in America and particularly Detroit which was once the heartland of U.S car manufacturing. In recent years Detroit and others have formed what is know as the ‘rust belt’ where abandoned factories and neighbourhoods are left abandoned which has had major economic and social impact including the impact on the 2016 U.S Presidential Election. Now tech companies are moving in and taking advantage of the skill base left over from previous manufacturing

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1923 Lingotto is completed and becomes a symbol of Italian industry and modernisation

1923 Mussolini comes to power with the fascist movement and opens the factory as a symbol of Italy moving forward

1930’s The factory becomes the largest in the world in size and production

1939 - 1945 The factory is damaged by bombing but is repaired

1982 The factory closes due it becoming outdated

1992 Following a design by Renzo piano, the factory is reopened as a cultural centre, housing an theatre, mall, hotel and various other leisure activities

Material arrives via rail enters at ground floor, assembled against gravity towards roof track After car is assemble, tested on roof track

Finished Product, north or south ramps

Fiat Lingotto Factory, Turin The Lingotto Factory is an iconic symbol of Italian Industry which produced Fiat cars for nearly 60 years. At the time of its opening it was a marrying of art and industry with the flow of production carefully considered from raw materials entering at the lower floors and a completed car being test driven on the roof. Today the factory had a new lease of life and the building remains an iconic symbol within Turin’s industrial heartland

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Germany, Wolfsburg and Zollverein

Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony 1938 Founded as the production site for the KDF Wagen

1939-1945 Production of the KDF wagon never begins due to outbreak of war

1950’s The Beetle becomes the main output of the factory as exports to the U.S. begins

1972 Production numbers for the beetle surpasses that of the Model T Ford

2016 VW is the largest car maker in the world

Zollverein, Essen 1851 Initial tests in 1847 result in the opening of the mine in 1851

1932 Completion of shaft 12 ion the objectivity style, and icon of the area

1950’s Along with the coking plant, it became the largest plant in the world

2000’s Becomes a cultural centre of learning and business

2001 Gains UNESCO World Heritage Status

Germany, Wolfsburg and Zollverein Wolfsburg has become the global standard in car manufacturing and currently Volkswagen is the largest car manufacturer in the world.

After World War 2, Wolfsburg was rebuilt and started producing the Beetle which became and iconic and immensely popular car which led to the companies success today. Germany has been successful in pre-empting industrial decline and for years has offered retraining for workers of older industries and diversified the economies of areas where industrial decline has occurred such as Zollverein.

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Hashima Island 1868: Meiji restoration 1870’s: Japan develops manufacturing and railroad industries

1905: Japan wins RussioJapanese War

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Edo

Meiji

Taisho

Meiji timeline

1 Hagi Hagi proto-industrial heritage 2

Kagoshima Shuseikam

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Nirayama Nirayama reverberatory furnaces

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Kamaishi Hashino iron mining and smelting site

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Saga Mietsu Naval Dock

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Nagasaki Nagasaki shipyard Takashima coal mine Glover house and office

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Miike Coal mine and port Misumi west port

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Yahata The imperial Steel works, Japan

Sites of the Meiji restoration applying for UNESCO heritage status Meiji industrial revolution and Hashima Island The Meiji revolution is a point of contention in Japan. On the one hand it marks a remarkable transformation from a nation left behind in industrial capacity as compared to western nations at the time whilst on the other hand it represents a darker past where forced labour and human rights breaches aided in this rapid acceleration of industrial capacity

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1910: Japan annexes Korea

1872: Western dress enforced for government ceremonies

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1853: commodore Perry of U.S.A ends Japanese isolation

Anglesey ‘Energy Island’

Angelsey

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Morlais/ Minesto Offshore developments Tidal current demonstration zone

New Menai Crossing New £135million crossing over the Menai Straights

Orthios 299MW Biomass/Eco park Providing energy & steam for hydroponic & Aquaculture Land & Lakes 1100 unit tourism & leisure village Wylfa worker accommodation

Broughton 01

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Stena Line Holyhead Port International strategic Gateway

Airbus UK Broughton airfield Hawarden Airport

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Horizon: Nuclear Power New nuclear Power Station Generating Capacity of 2.7 GW

Snowdonia Dinorwig Power Station Hydro power station

Magnox Existing Wylfa power station 460MW of low carbon energy

Ffestiniog Power Station Hydro power station

Coleg Menai Campus expansion including new energy centre M-Sparc Science park bringing together academic researchers and experts

Aberystwyth University Innovation and enterprise campus Educational centre

Institutions, researchers and University

Ebw Vale Circuit of Wales Circuit of Wales race track and automotive park

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Swansea

Saint Athan

Swansea bay Tidal Lagoon

Aston Martin Production of the DBX and Lagonda

Wales network of high tech industries and clean energy The second part of my research led to the wing manufacturing plant of Airbus UK located in Broughton, North Wales. A relatively rural area with seemingly little in common with the traditional economic and industrial make up of Wales, this led to the discovery of further aerospace industries which make up the largest economic sector in Wales. Further research led to the automotive industry ( second largest economic sector) along with the exciting announcement of Aston Martin moving production to South Wales and a new race circuit proposed. Present also is a clean energy drive in Wales where a reduction in Carbon and promotion of clean energy is highly promoted and implemented across the nation. The next step was to identify a brief which combined, clean energy, aerospace and automotive industries as a promotion tool for these technologies.

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01

Angelsey Energy Island 05

The Island of Angelsey has recently re-branded itself as the ‘Energy Island’ due to numerous clean energy/ low carbon initiatives happening on the island.

These include energy production in the form of a new low carbon nuclear power plant located near and existing nuclear plant called Wylfa. Tidal and wind energy are also being harvested off the shoreline maximising the naturally beneficial landscape for clean energy production.

This expansion has to led to the development of infrastructure and education such as the M-Sparc park.

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Morlais/Minesto Offshore developments tidal current demonstration

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Orthios 299MW Biomass/Eco park energy & steam for hydroponic & aquaculture

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03

08

01

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Land & lakes 1100 unit village & Wylfa worker accommodation

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Stena Line Holyhead port, International strategic Gateway

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Horizon: New Nuclear Power Plant Nuclear power station: generating capacity 2.7GW

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Magnox Existing Wylfa power 460MW low carbon energy

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Coleg Menai Campus expansion including new energy centre

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M-Sparc Science Park inc. academic researchers and experts

Hydro Electric Power Ffestiniog Hydro Power station

LLyn Peris

Intake gates

Dinorwig Hydro Power station

Marchlyn Mawr Reservoir

Intake tower

Stwlan Dam Low pressure tunnel

Concrete lined tunnels 4.4m internal diameter Surge pool

Concrete lined tunnels 3.2m internal diameter Steel lined 2.8m internal diameter

Surge shaft

Steel lined 2.3m internal diameter

Tanygrisiau Reservoir High pressure system Portable access

Dinorwig power station Generator Ffestiniog power station

Turbine

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Tanygrisiau Dam

Swansea Tidal Lagoon

Landward Ecological park

£1.3 Billion total cost

SSSI Information Facility

11m

High tide

16 Turbines operating 14 hours a day

Landward urban park

Spectator terrace

6m

120 year lifetime with annual output of 500GWh

Wind field Narrow seaward park Turbine dock

3m

Broad seaward park

Annual CO2 saving of 236,000t

low tide

Offshore Building

Swansea Bay

Section of lagoon wall

Wales 2050

2020

2030

Interim target: reduction of 27%

Carbon Budget

Interim target: reduction of 45%

2040

Interim target: reduction of 67%

Effect of initiative on Buildings in Wales

2050

80% 2016-20

2021-25

2026-30

2031-35

2036-40

2041-46

2046-50

Emission Reduction

Wales 2050 is an initiative by the Welsh Government to reduce emissions by 80% by 2050. This also includes a shift towards clean energy resulting in the aim for 75% of energy produced in Wales to be from clean sources (the current figure is 30%) by 2030.

- Higher energy efficiency standards for new buildings and renovation projects - Help people change their homes to make them cheaper to run - this could be things like insulating the walls and draught-proofing the windows - Make our buildings more sustainable in the first place by thinking about the materials we use to build them

Wales 2050

Clean Energy Wales Wales for the past 30 years have been advancing clean energy production by means of renewable energy such as wind, tidal and hydro electric means of energy production.

With the nation being a net exporter of energy, and the aim by 2030 for 70% of all energy produced in Wales to be clean, it is an exciting period of advancement.

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02

Broughton

Itinéraire à Grand Gabarit

1939-1945 WW2 Vickers Armstrong shadow factory

SCOTLAND North Sea

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Wing production within Europe 1. Bristol Trailing-edge spar

UK 5

WALES

1

6

ENGLAND

GERMANY

2. Prestwick Leading-edge spar Vickers Wellington Bomber Produced 5,540

3. Broughton Final wing assembly 4. Madrid Lower wing skins

1945-1948 Vickers Prefab Aluminium Bungalows

5. Hamburg Upper wing skins

FRANCE Bay of Biscay

6. Bremen Trailing edge flap and systems

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4

Avro Lancaster Bomber Produced 235

Vickers Prefab Aluminium Bungalows Produced 28,000

7. Toulouse A350 final assembly

SPAIN

01 July 1948 De Havilland // Hawker Siddeley Mediterranean Sea

A350 A380 Approx 6,000 employees Airbus F.C. Share facility with BAE and Raytheon Support functions Procurement Finance

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Wing skin milling Stringer manufacture Full wing equipping Wing box assembly Manufacturing Engineering

1977 Broughton becomes part of British Aerospace

A320

1996 (HS Sold to Raytheon) Hawker Siddeley production moves to America

A330

1997 - Present Day Airbus UK

A321

Automotive Industry in Wales

Aston Martin, St Athan

Aston Martin has completed works to its new factory in Saint Athan. It forms part of the company’s turnaround and recent floatation making it a FTSE 100 company raising Wales business profile. Chosen out of 20 possible locations (U.S.A, Middle East and Coventry) the new plan will create 750 jobs within the local area.

Aston Martin DBX At their new plant in St Athan Aston Martin are developing the all electric DBX which will be released in 2020

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Sea Venom (1959) Comet (1954) DH 112 Sea Venom Produced 1949-1964

A220 A319

Relies heavily on strict supply chain Frictionless border essential for operation Components travel through EU daily Final wing assembly for all Airbus fleet Delivered by Air and Sea (Mostyn Docks) Offer local training and apprenticeships

1963-2013 HS125 Business jet

Aston Martin Lagonda

Aston Martin Vision Volante

The Lagonda will be produced in 2021 with hybrid technology further promoting clean energy and transport

The piloted aircraft is designed with a vertical lift and powered

by Rolls Royce e Hybrid technology developed with Airbus UK and Cranford University.

The Automotive industry in Wales is the second largest economic sector (behind the Aerospace industry) and is growing with small companies focusing on parts production forming a large part of the sector and larger companies such as Aston Martin moving production facilities to the country.

Circuit of Wales Race Overview

Ebbw Vale 51.8158° N, 3.2361° W

History and Development of The Circuit of Wales

Government role and specific issues relating to Circuit of Wales

Proposal for a £425 million Race Track and Automotive Park Received planning approval in 2011 from Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council with unanimous support Work was due to commence in July 2013 despite opposition from some wildlife groups

The Circuit of Wales is a proposed race circuit for Ebbw Vale, South Wales which is currently on hold due to issues surrounding funding

In late 2013 Welsh Government put the plans on hold whilst the planning application was reviewed Issues of lobbying and funding arose in 2014 delaying construction In 2016 the Welsh Government stated it could not guarantee the entire funding package of £225million due to it being deemed an ‘unacceptable risk’ following independent legal advice In 2017 £100 million granted by the Welsh Government for the creation of an automotive park on the site of the Proposed Circuit of Wales

The circuit still has an active valid planning application and all licenses for the above events have been renewed for the foreseeable future meaning that the project is still currently on going pending financial resolution

A revised automotive business park was approved for the £100 million funding A renewed planning application was approved in 2018

Put on hold in 2013 as the Welsh Government reviewed the application In 2014 estimations put the job creation numbers at 6000, a number which was questioned leading to concerns over the viability of utilising taxpayer money for the project In 2016 the Welsh Government stated it could not guarantee the entire funding package of £225million due to it being deemed an ‘unacceptable risk’ following independent legal advice 2017 £210 million taxpayer injection refused by the Welsh Government resulting in the project reaching a stagnation point

Aerospace / Automotive Industries in Wales The largest economic industries in Wales currently are the Aerospace and Automotive industries which have seen unprecedented growth in recent years which sees a dramatic shift from the traditional economies of Wales which include Heavy Industries and Agriculture. The arrival of Aston Martin and their ambitions sparks excitement for the nations automotive industry and the potential partnership with Airbus on the Vision Volante encourages cooperation and development within Wales.

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Economic climate

19th-21st Century: Slate Industry Became the world’s largest supplier with international exports Large scale impact on infrastructure and natural landscape Largely contained in North Wales Agriculture industry Areas highlighted show where 15-30% of the population work in agriculture Large scale impact on infrastructure and natural landscape 18th-21st Century: Steel Iron smelting by coking became a major industry in South Wales Highly dependant on coal industries 18th-19th Century: Coal industry Grew in South Wales mainly and supplied the steel industry Consumer supply developed further during the 19th century Peak 1890’s: 15,000 employed

Political climate

EU funding now under threat Since the result of the 2016 referendum doubt has been cast on the loss of funding from the EU Funding pots are still in place for some of the funds shown opposite until as late as 2020 Traditional sectors such as agricultural industry have sought conformation from UK Government for subsidies provided by the EU to continue after a UK departure from the EU Gwynedd in particular has benefited from such funds in both cultural and economic projects These funding streams could have benefited the proposed project in terms of funding, networking and expertise in research and development

Receives £1055.74 per person 2014/2020 Receives £369.64 per person 2014/2020

35,517 // 58.1% Gwynedd (Snowdonia) 25,665 // 41.9% Gwynedd (Snowdonia)

Wales Voted to leave the European Union in the 2016 referendum despite Wales receiving large sums of financial and legislative support from the EU (As above map shows). As well as support for agriculture in the form of subsidies and access to wider markets for trade of goods, the EU funded and supported research and innovation networks and think tanks as well as numerous projects of cultural significance. Frictionless borders and access to the single market within Europe has been an essential component of Wale’s growth in innovative and new industrial sectors, with Airbus and its ‘Itinéraire à Grand Gabarit’ a complex network of production and transportation highly dependant on frictionless borders within Europe. Despite the aid and dependency on the European infrastructure, many areas voted to leave including Broughton (the site of Airbus UK wing assembly plant) leading to uncertainty and the threat of losing these industries and support just as they were gaining more presence in Wales. Gwynedd, the county of my chosen site, voted remain.

Site Demographics and Voting Patterns

National Assembly Elections

1999

2011

General Election Results

2016

2010

2015

2017

Wales has traditionally voted Labour which have been in power in the National Assembly since the first election of 1999. During these Labour administrations, public funding in development projects have been wide ranging and actively encouraged alongside European funding opportunities. The Welsh Government has played an active role in new enterprises in Wales and have concentrated on bringing in new companies to the country through various initiatives which have aided the communities in which companies choose to locate. The Welsh Government played an integral role in supporting Aston Martin’s location in St Athan in South Wales. In General Elections Wales’s Voting patterns remain largely the same with support for left leaning parties more common than for centre right parties.

Political and Economic Make Up of Wales The traditional economy of Wales have involved primarily heavy industries including slate and coal mining and agriculture. This has shifted dramatically in the last 30 years towards specialised manufacturing and services. The EU Referendum result raises questions with regards to the understanding the people of Wales had of the important role the EU single market and regulations aided businesses in Wales and the wider social impact the European Union has had in Wales.

18

Automotive Industry

Aerospace Industry

Clean Energy Production

e.race wales

Politically it will aid in retaining and developing links within europe and internationally post Brexit through close working relationships between various companies and teams on the international stage

Personal aircraft is tipped to becoming the new mode of transport as car ownership and congestion grows on the ground. E Race Wales will help improve the reliability of the technology The promotion of clean energy technology will benefit from the race event as technology developed for the circuit will be able to be utilised within consumer level transportation services.

Electric vehicles will be improved through the development of e power te hnology whcih could power consumer vehicles as well personal aircraft

The local economy will benefit immensly from the increased infrastructure that will follow the development of E Race Wales as well as revenue from tourism and companies operating in the area

Brief Development The brief comprises of the existing network identified in the early research of this project which include the Aerospace and Automotive Industry as well as an underlying drive for clean energy production. E Race Wales will develop these industries and introduce new opportunities and networks which will help further development and innovation within these sectors. The brief aims to develop and diversify the economy and political relationships of Wales post Brexit

19

THE EVENT - BREAKDOWN Teams

Participants

14

International Private Teams Competing

28

Aircraft

28

Qualified Race Pilots (2 Per Team)

Individually Developed aircraft (2 Per Team)

Two Pilots per team will compete in the race similar to the structure in Formula One. Each team will have to secure a pilot for at least one full season

Two Aircraft per team is permitted for each pilot. The development of these aircraft is the responsibility of the team although parts and shared software can be purchased

Seasons

Race Weekend

Location

First Season

53.167°N // 4.067°W

Mar

May

DAY

01

05

01

QUALIFYING Pilots compete to get a good timed lap so that benefits or deductions can be made giving more of an advantage on race day

Second Season

Snowdonia, Penrhyn Quarry Gwynedd, Wales

Sep

Nov

DAY

15

18

02

2 Pilots per team will compete in the race similar to the structure in Formula One. Each team will have to secure a pilot for at least one full season

First Season of the year commences on the 1st March, The day of the Patron Saint of Wales St David

Visitor Numbers

Visitor / Staff Allocations

Visitors

6,000 6,000 Level 3 Access: 5,000 Level 4 Access: 2,000 Level 5 Access: 1,000

Race Teams

224 (16 Staff per team)

RACE DAY Pilots compete for the best timed lap with those who have done well on qualifying having a greater advantage

Aim of E Race Wales

Level 1 Access: Level 2 Access:

20,000 Spectators Average visitor numbers across all level access on a typical race weekend

20

General Staff

300 (Kitchen, Hospitality, Information etc)

Office / Administration

150 (Ticket Sales, Marketing, Customer Service etc)

Security

General Site/ Event Security

The promotion of clean energy technology developed and produced in Wales to a global market post Brexit

Wider Socio Economic Impacts and Ambitions

Wider Socio Economic Impacts and Ambitions International Teams

Visitor Appeal and Exposure

Global Manufacturers

Supporting and Developing the Existing Wales Network

E Race Wales Role

e.race

e.race

wales

Apprenticeship and Skills development Scheme

wales

With 14 teams competing from all over the globe, the local area and Wales as a whole will have a new platform on the world stage

Through televised events, social media and increasing popularity as the event develops and enter subsequent series, the profile of Wales will increase.

Publicity and knowledge of wider industries that Wales has to offer the world will increase which will be a welcome boost post Brexit, securing a large financial sector which supports the Welsh economy.

Component manufactures including engine manufactures (E technology power only) wing and propeller manufacturers as well as other smaller components and body work would all participate through various teams in building unique e racing planes which will compete in e Race Wales making it a globally participated event.

The Aerospace industry (the largest economic sector in Wales currently) will greatly benefit from this event due to the influx of new talent and skills that will come with the teams, manufacturers to the site for the event. all this could lead to collaborative innovation in both the racing technology market and wider passenger flight market.

The automotive industry, especially Aston Martin with their new headquarters in St Athan will benefit greatly from the publicity, skill development and recognition of the Vision Volante. This will boost other businesses and possibly attract more car manufacturers to Wales due to the close proximity to the event and existing manufacturers already based there.

Innovation and skills development will aid smaller companies which aid the larger industries thus strengthening the network.

E Race Wales would offer numerous Apprenticeships in technical fields and employment in fields such as marketing, Hospitality (staffing and organising) and management sectors, diversifying the local economy.

Apprenticeship Scheme

Individual race teams (Such as Dragon Racing as an Example) would offer skilled apprenticeships opportunities which would see young individuals given opportunities to develop new work practices within emerging e technology

Economic and social impact on Gwynedd and Wales Sill Development

As an Area dependant on tourism and seasonal work for a large part of its economy new skills in mechanical, engineering and innovation such as the types of skills offered

by E Race Wales will diversify the skill pool of the area and give more opportunities in employment and enterprise.

Apprenticeships

E Race Wales could offer apprenticeships through the form of individual race teams offering work/training during seasons which could lead to further prospects.

Employment

Seasonal employment and full time employment will be generated with the introduction of E Race Wales through staffing for general operation, maintenance and upkeep, security and so on. Full time employment in the case of press office, advertising/promotion, hospitality, sales etc

Innovation

Event after event will produce data that will influence next generation technologies with e technology. E Race Wales intends to be a focal point of innovation and development excellence, ushering in a new era of e technologies for wider domestic applications

E Technology

The centre aims to improve e technology reliability and produce for a wider mass market. With Wales clean 2050 initiative resulting in a drive for clean energy, Gwynedd can become an integral part of this technological development.

Site Construction

Local employment objectives will enforce that a certain percentage of workers will be employed from the local area where skills and demands can be met. This ensures that the community and locality benefits from employment all be it seasonal.

Tourism/ Economy

The event aims to draw thousands of new and existing tourists and visitors to the area. This will generate demand for hotels and local facilities to accommodate an influx of new tourism to the area thus boosting an already lucrative and vital part of the Economy of Gwynedd

Hopes/ Potential for E Race Wales on the International Stage With international teams, pilots, companies, manufacturers and audience appeal, E Race Wales aims to offer a bright and connected future within Europe and the world post Brexit. International development in areas of skills and technologies will aid and diversify the economy of wales and its population.

21

WIDER WALES IMPACT

e.race wales

Aston Martin

Bangor University

Aston Martin will be able to showcase their proposal for the future of clean transportation which will raise their company profile globally from their new site in St Athan

With close relations to M-SPARC in Angelsey, Bangor university offers engineering courses closely linked with high tech innovation and clean energy. The university will play an integral role in the future of E Race Wales

Airbus

Wrexham Glyndwr University

Airbus already busy operations in North Wales will gain greater profile as their involvement in this event will be showcased globally, elevating their standing in the aircraft industry and clean energy flight

An engineering college excelling in high tech innovative engineering courses with close relations to stem initiatives. The educational facilities here will train and ensure skills are given to people working in this industry

Aerospace Wales

Aberystwyth University

The body that represents the aerospace industry in Wales will have an important role to play in securing ties with global aerospace companies with the aid of E Race Wales event

Concentrating on clean energy and sustainable resources, the university will aid in the development and continuation of the clean energy initiative set out with E Race Wales

Swansea University With emphasis on tidal energy and other sustainable sources, the promotion of clean energy generated by E Race Wales will aid in securing further research opportunities for the university.

Cardiff University The university’s robotics department and engineering department are looking to the future with alternative technologies. E Race Wales will be a valuable partner in securing research and promotional opportunities.

22

Innovation, skills, Training and Apprenticeships Skill development in Wales will be greatly improved due to the direct and indirect opportunities E Race Wales will provide for the nation. These opportunities will include apprenticeships by E Race Wales and other visiting companies such as the various race teams and so on and skill development courses/ training through various workshops and courses/ opportunities. Through the development of innovative clean energy solutions Wales can become a centre of development and innovation in what could be a challenging future post Brexit.

02 Site Selection and Analysis 16.

Existing Aerial View Site Plan

17.

Site Analysis

18.

Historic Images

19.

Site Views

20.

Site Overview

21.

Impact on Locality

23

Existing quarry roads to be used

Proposed site for development

1:10000

Existing aerial view Site Plan The above is an aerial view of the site as it currently exists with existing quarry roads that will be utilised for the running of the site and the location of the proposed development highlighted in red by the lakeside maximising the view and exposure to the event spectacle

24

263000m

62

263000m

1570 Penrhyn Quarry mentioned in a Welsh Poem, the first record of its existence

Ruins of housing are ever present on the local landscape, whole towns and villages were built due to slate industry The small cottages still make up a large percentage of the local housing stock and is a domineering typology of the area

The quarry expands rapidly especially when international exports begin

Only small mining activities remain on site today, leaving it a striking insight into the industrial heritage of the area

‘Talcen caled’ The sheer rock had to be dynamited after proving to be too hard for hand mining. It stood for years on the site 366000m

263000m

1770 Railway built travelling to the Port of Penrhyn by the Menai Straights where slate would be shipped

65

62

Port Penrhyn on the banks of the Menai Straights. From here, Welsh slate would be shipped across the world

Penrhyn Quarry: Quarry map: 1890 Quarry map: 1900 Quarry map: 1920 Quarry map: 1950 Quarry map: 1960 Quarry map: 1970 366000m

263000m

1822-37 Due to the wealth generated by the quarry, Penrhyn Castle was built in the Picturesque style.

1852 With accidents all too frequent, a hospital was built on the site and remains are still visible on site today

1964 Major quarrying works is reduced and ownership is transferred to Welsh Slate

At its peak, the quarry employed 3000 workers. The main pit measured 1 mile in length and 370 metres deep

1900 ‘The great strike’ lasted 3 years over disputes with pay and health and safety led to the eventual decline

1900 By the end of the 19th Century, Penrhyn was the largest quarry in the world with increasing infrastructure

263000m

62

261000m

1:10000

25

Historic images leading to design inspiration The historic images above highlight design inspiration, the exposed rock face with its almost vertical incline inspire the ‘climb’ of the building up the topography terracing. ‘The Caban’ a miners cabin within mines inspire the buildings within the main building along with slate splitting inspiring the shape of the building.

26

SITE VIEWS 01

02

03

01

02

03

06

04

04

05

05

06

27

Existing Site Plan/Aerial

Site Location

e.race wales

Snowdonia, Penrhyn Quarry Gwynedd, Wales 53.167°N // 4.067°W

Demographics of Gwynedd (County where E Race Wales is Situated) Largest economic sector within the county is tourism generating £1Billion in revenue Offers only seasonal employment, shortage of work over winter months Rising demand for second homes detrimental to economy and Welsh language and culture Average Salary for Gwynedd is £21,246 Number of TV and Sound studios have risen in recent years with many productions and cultural centres playing a role Existing Quarry routes

Has 2 hydro electric power stations (Dinorwig and Tan Y Grisiau) and a nuclear power station (Trawsfynydd)

Proposed development site Existing Slate Works

Population of 123,700 Ethnicity 99% White Welsh language speaking 76.1%

Transportation and location

Climatic Data 20

20

18

18

16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

08

08

06

06

04

04

02 0

02

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

0

Precipitation per month 24

24

22

22

20

20

18

18

16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

08

08

06

06

04

04

Liverpool (82.4 miles //1hr 30min) Manchester (98.7 miles 1hr 33 min) International Ports Holyhead (28.9 miles // 34mkn) Main roadways A55 East to West travel Rail Travel Bangor (7 miles // 17min)

02

02 0

International airport Cardiff (186 miles // 4hr 17min)

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Average temperature per month

Dec

0

Park and ride (Parking) Parking located in town of Bethesda approx 1 mile away Park and ride (Bus) Buses will ferry spectators in to the site from the parking located in Bethesda

Locations of main partners

Aston Martin St Athan (188 miles // 4h 24min)

Airbus UK Broughton (59.3 miles // 1h 6min)

Cranfield University Cranfield (191 miles // 3h 47min)

Cranfield University Cranfield (191 miles // 3h 47min)

Current Site activity The quarry is still active although in a minor capacity with limited operations on going.

The site is owned and Operated by Welsh Slate which occupies a small area to the rear of the proposed development area.

Overall site climatic data

Conclusions from research and site criteria

Site needed to offer a challenging terrain where the aeroplanes could be challenged and would be an exciting spectacle Gwynedd has an unvarying economy highly dependant on seasonal tourism, locating the site here will vary the economy and create better more dependable employment Skills and expertise which are currently lacking in the area can be gained offering better employment and education opportunities Summer Solstice

28

Winter Solstice

IMPACT ON LOCALITY Key: 01

Individual Impact:

Holyhead Port Travel Access: - International Sea Port Operating Passenger Ferries - A55 Dual Carriageway - Direct Rail Link to Bangor Distance to E Race Wales: 28.9 miles // 35min

02

06

06

03

04

05

Holyhead Port

Llandudno/Conwy

Bangor

Caernarfon

Bethesda

Population:

Population:

Population:

Population:

Population:

11,715

20,701

18,810

9,615

4,735

Valley Travel Access: - Airport Servicing Small Domestic UK Flights - A55 Dual Carriageway - Direct Rail Link to Bangor

Current tourism:

Current tourism:

Current tourism:

Current tourism:

Current tourism:

89,043 (2018)

243,000 (2018)

122,728 (2018)

196,728 (2018)

135,962 (2018)

Distance to E Race Wales: 25 miles // 31min

Hotels/Hostels:

Hotels/Hostels:

Hotels/Hostels:

Hotels/Hostels:

Hotels/Hostels:

5 (2 new proposed)

46

8 (1 new proposed)

7

3

Tourist spots:

Tourist spots:

Tourist spots:

Tourist spots:

Llandudno // Conwy Travel Access: - A55 Dual Carriageway - Direct Rail Link to Bangor

03

01

Seaside Resort

Cultural Centre

Historic Town

Historic Quarry

Distance to E Race Wales: 23.2 miles // 35min

Historic Church

Music Venues

Historic University

Caernarfon Castle

Penrhyn Castle

Market Town

Historic Town

Seaside Town

Historic Port

ZIP World

Bangor

Holy Mountain

Conwy Castle

Historic Cathedral

Roman Remains

Great Orme

Travel Access: - Rail Links from North East terminate here - A55 Dual Carriageway Terminates Here

Impact:

Distance to E Race Wales: 7 miles // 16min 04

Impact:

Passing Trade

Caernarfon

Awareness leading to repeat visits outside of race events

Travel Access: - Dual Carriageway and various access roads leading directly to Bethesda

Increased employment opportunities directly/ indirectly by E Race Wales

Distance to E Race Wales: 12.8 miles // 24min 05

Tourist spots:

Historic Port

Bethesda Travel Access: - Located just outside the E Race Wales site and would operate the parking services on race days

Increased Road Traffic

Impact:

Impact:

Impact:

Accommodation Booking

Accommodation Booking

Accommodation Booking

Passing Trade

Passing Trade

Passing Trade

Awareness leading to repeat visits outside of race events

Awareness leading to repeat visits outside of race events

Awareness leading to repeat visits outside of race events

Increased employment opportunities directly/ indirectly by E Race Wales

Other visitor attractions and small businesses benefit

Other visitor attractions and small businesses benefit

Increased employment opportunities directly/ indirectly by E Race Wales

Increased employment opportunities directly/ indirectly by E Race Wales

Other visitor attractions and small businesses benefit

Distance to E Race Wales: 1 miles // 4min

Cultural Centre

Passing Trade Awareness leading to repeat visits outside of race events Other visitor attractions and small businesses benefit Increased employment opportunities directly/ indirectly by E Race Wales Increased Road Traffic

Increased Road Traffic

Disruption to the town which is a largely residential area

Manchester

98.8 miles // 1hr 54min Liverpool

72.3 miles // 1hr 32min

Holyhead 01 Valley Llandudno //Conwy

02

06

Bangor 03

Bethesda 05

Caernarfon 04

e.race wales

Cardiff

29

03 Programme and Event Structure

30

22.

Aston Martin Vision Volante

23.

Level Pass Structure

24.

Programme Axonometric

25.

Programme Timetable/Usage

26.

Race Event

27.

When You Arrive

28.

E Race Circuit

29.

Emergency Site Procedure

30.

Team Structure

31.

Individual Race Pit

32.

ESports at E Race Wales

33.

Exhibition Allocation

34.

Site Organisation and Use

L1

VE LE S D N AN LA ST N P OR TIO I R A TE LOC EX

e.ra c wale e

EX

TE

S 0 A 1:

Acc

ess

Ext

list

erio

Exh

ibit

Blo

ndin

eg

am

Gh

ost

ing

Rac

r st

ion

ing

s le

vel

spa

Ca

ces

fe/

cen

03

and

tre

Ho

s

RIO

RS

TA

T :

ND

ER a 202 ce 2

SL

22

1

1

EV

EL

1E 1D

1 1A

1B

spit

alit

y

1A

1B 1E 1C

1D

1C

Aston Martin Vision Volante Build: Super-lightweight carbon fibre compounds Lift: 3 Propellers for vertical take -off and landing 8000mm

Power: ‘Green’ hybrid electric Rolls Royce engine SPEED: 200mph RANGE: 300 miles

4500mm

Aston Martin Vision Volante With the Aston Martin Vision Volante being produced at the new Aston Martin plant in St Athan, South Wales, the circuit at E R ace Wales will act as a testing ground for the technology where it can compete and be tested which will lead to further development and refinement of the technology

31

2A

2E 1E

1A 2B

2D

1D Levels 1-2 Access

1B

Level 3 Access

1C

Levels 4 Access Levels 5 Access

2C Third Floor Use

Second Floor Use

First Floor Use

Ground Floor Use

Level Pass Structure Pass levels at E Race Wales run from levels 1-2 which are exterior seating stands (with access to public areas of the main building) and level 3-5 which occupy the main building on race days. Levels 3 occupy the second floor (Club Valiant) and 4-5 occupy the third floor (Club Valour) with level 5 having VIP access to pit areas and so on

32

G

48 49 47 46 45

01

Meeting Room/Private Viewing

02

Individual Race Pits

03

Cantilever Access Corridor

04

Storage/ Retail Space

05

Main Entrance

06

Media Control Room

07

Media Studio

08

Retail Space

09

WC Facilities

10

Storage/ Miscellaneous

11

Betting Terminals

12

Basement

13

Exterior Viewing Terrace

14

Access to Media Centre

15

Staff Offices

16

Staff Office Facilities

17

Lift Access to Second Floor

18

Stair Access to Second Floor

19

WC Facilities

20

Water Storage and Filtration

21

Exhibition Stands

22

Avro Cafe/Bar

23

Kitchen Facility

24

Stair Access to Basement

25

Exterior Viewing Terrace

26

Access to Take Off /Landing

27

Take off Landing Lifts

28

Private Viewing Terrace

29

Exterior Terrace for Third Floor

30

Club Valiant Exterior Terrace

31

Gaming Terminal

32

Lift Access to Third Floor

33

WC Facilities

34

Offices/ Miscellaneous

35

Kitchen/Bar Facilities

36

Club Valiant

37

Club Valiant Exterior Terrace

38

Stair Access to Exterior Terrace

39

Stairs to Third Floor

40

Club Valour Exterior Terrace

41

Club Valour Exterior Terrace

42

Access to Lower Terraces

43

Lift Arriving at Third Floor

44

Stairs Arriving at Third Floor

45

WC Facilities

46

Offices/ Miscellaneous

47

Club Valour Bar

48

Kitchen Facility

49

Club valour Exterior Seating

42 44 40 43 41 35 36 37 34 33

1

39 32

38

31 30 29 24 23 16 22 25 12 21 20 19 18 17 15 26 11

2

10 13 09 14 08 05 04 03 27

06

07

3

02 01 28

33

1

2

3

5

4

06:00

Arrive

07:00

08:00

Pit Access

Exhibition Spaces

09:00

10:00

11:00

Gaming Centre

Race/Qualifying Starts

12:00

Ghost Racing

13:00

Viewing Areas Club Valiant

14:00

15:00

Viewing Areas

Club Valour

16:00

17:00

Race/Qualifying Concludes

18:00

19:00

20:00

Closing Ceremony Media Access

21:00

Leave 22:00

23:00

Celebratory events

24:00

Exterior Space

Interior Space

Programme Timetable/Usage Above diagram highlights the various activities during race days across the various access levels

34

Hospitality events

E RACE WALES EVENT OVERVIEW Event Stats First Season

Snowdonia, Penrhyn Quarry Gwynedd, Wales 53.167°N // 4.067°W Capacity

Circuit Record

40,000

0:00.000

Circuit Length Teams 4.72km

14

Second Season

Mar

May

Sep

Nov

01

05

15

18

First Season of the year commences on the 1st March, The day of the Patron Saint of Wales St David.

E Vote and Fanboost Teams Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000

E VOTE

Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000

e.race

Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000

wales

Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000 Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000 Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000 Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000 Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000 Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000 Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000 Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000 Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000 Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000 Team Name // TBC // 0.00.000

Circuit (Speed Zones from E-Vote) Visitor Numbers and Safety

Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor

17 min // 8.2 miles

Bethesda

4 min // 0.1 miles

6,000 6,000 Level 3 Access: 5,000 Level 4 Access: 2,000 Level 5 Access: 1,000 Level 1 Access:

Level 2 Access:

20,000 Average visitor numbers across all level access

Fire Road Emergency Vehicle Points (Quick access in case of emergency) Emergency Landing Zones (Areas of level ground) First Aid Points for General Public and Race Operation

Race Event The event will be made up of two seasons with the first season of the year commencing on the 1st of March which is St David’s day (The patron saint of Wales) with each season having 10 race weekends. Visitors to the site will be able to vote fro their favourite team/pilot and give them an electric boost which will increase the power of the aircraft giving them a particular advantage. Health & Safety and emergency bailout points are indicated above.

35

Key:

A

B

Park & Ride Car Parks Available: A

B

C

D

E

Car Parks Allocated on Issued Tickets 01

Public Site Entrance & Exit Two way traffic in and out of the site with park and ride and staff being the primary users

C

02

D

Race Staff/Teams Zone Loading, Parking, Temporary Accommodation, Office and other accompanying equipment for the teams operation

Bethesda 03

Historic/Present Day Aircraft Historic aircraft that has been produced in Wales across the years as well as the future aircraft that are currently being developed in Wales will be displayed upon entrance to the site

E

04

Drop/Off/Exhibitions Buses from the park and ride system will drop spectators here where they will be able to walk towards the building past exhibition stalls exhibiting clean energy technology and similar aspects

Main Routes to Site:

By Bus for general public from park and ride car parks Cars and other vehicles permitted for staff, race teams, specific persons and emergency services 01

03

02

04

e.race wales

36

Visitor walkway:

E RACE CIRCUIT Flying Sessions Training: 2 Day mandatory event, with time of final training session determining the starting order for qualifying Qualifying: Takes place before race day, Two mandatory qualifying sessions. Best time counts Round of 14: Fastest seven from each heat and the fastest loser compete for a place in the Round of 8. Results in the round of 14 determine 9th to 14th place race positions.

Round of 8: Eight fastest from Round of 14 compete in the Round of 8. The fastest four pilots from each heat advance to the Final 4. Results in the Super 8 determine 5th to 8th place race positions Final 4: Four fastest from the Super 8 compete in the final 4 for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th place race positions Circuit Record 0:00.000

Circuit Length 4.72km

E Race Circuit The Circuit follows the sites naturally challenging topography and follows the flow of the quarry. The circuit will alternate between each race offering a different challenge each time a race weekend is held. Air Gates form checkpoints and the race is won by the quickest time meaning only one aircraft is permitted to compete on the circuit at one time

37

B

B

B

A

B A

B

B

B

A

Bangor

7 miles // 16min Local A&E and Emergency Unit Emergency Vehicles Transport

Stoke Mandeville

Emergency Ambulance Vehicle + Crew Base

Emergency Fire Vehicle + Crew Base

112 miles // 56min Local A&E and Emergency Head Trauma Unit Welsh Air Ambulance Transport

38

Emergency Base + First Aid + First Response Team

Emergency Crash // Bailout Designated crash // bailout areas for aircraft Voided of visitors and staff areas so that a wide enough region can be established to avoid debris and dust to harm spectators and staff Emergency Route for Emergency Vehicles

A

B

TYPE A BASE Further away from the designated main arterial route through the quarry, would therefore use smaller quarry routes and appropriate vehicles would be stationed there

TYPE B BASE Located close to the main arterial quarry route, these bases would have conventional vehicles and ease of access to the main routes

TEAM STRUCTURE

04

05 06

03 07

02

01

TEAM 14 Licensing

Aircraft

Pit Allocation

Computational Equipment

03

Team Branding and Promotional Material

04

Advertising Reserved for Individual Teams

05

Numbering/Landing Liveries

06

Take off Lift

07

Non-Adaptable Office/Pilot Quarters

AIR RACING LICENCE OFFICIAL RACE LICENCE NAME/PRENOM

wales

John Smith RACE CATEGORY/CATEGORIE DE COURSE Category A-C

07

Timed laps, single manned aircraft

Team liaison, licensing and administration office

wales

Mechanical/ Tools /Equipment

02

Teams

e.race e.race

01

AFFILIATED TEAM/ EQUIPE AFFILIEE lorem ipsum et duvet lorem ipsum

Dragon Racing

Operational Team Licence Awarded to: Dragon Racing Ltd

AIR RACING LICENCE OFFICIAL RACE LICENCE

Approved Pilots: 1. John Smith 2. John Smith

Issuer: E Race Wales

TEAM 14

Vertical Lift Propeller

Rolls Royce E Technology

Wing Arrangements

NAME/PRENOM John Smith 06

RACE CATEGORY/CATEGORIE DE COURSE

05

Teams have the option to purchase individual components (engines, propellers

Category A-C Timed laps, single manned aircraft AFFILIATED TEAM/ EQUIPE AFFILIEE lorem ipsum et duvet lorem ipsum

01

2.No Pilots - Certified and licensed by individual race teams

02

Approved Aircraft in accordance with E Race Wales regulations

03

Aircraft powered electrically in accordance with environmental regulation

04

Participation for 2 whole race seasons with accredited pilots and aircraft

05

Fee Paid in full and proof of stability within team structure to fulfil seasons

06

Sponsorship agreements in place before season start

07

Agreed manufacturer relations and regulations

Dragon Racing

Approved Regulations: Weight: Standardised // Approved

Pilot: Manned aircraft by 1.No pilot

Liveries: Team Sponsors Discretion

Power: Hybrid Electric Rolls Royce engine

Speed: 200mph (Limited)

Dimensions: 8000x4500

All Vehicles must be electrically powered and reach minimum environmental requirements

TEAM 14 Pits are allocated as part of the Race Package offered to each teams. Equipment relating to the mechanical maintenance and development of the team, aircraft would be supplied by them. Teams also provide their own computer systems and sponsor/ advertising allocations within the allocated spaces. Pits are allocated randomly where available and are given for 2 whole seasons.

Team Structure 14 teams will race the circuit each season. Teams will be privately funded and would develop their own aircraft based on elements offered by Rolls Royce, Aston Martin and Airbus or and entirely privately developed aircraft.

39

40

E Race Wales // ESports

E Gaming Terminal 2010 ESports becomes significant contributor to gaming culture with rise in live streaming and increased spectator culture

2017

5 4

ESports generates revenue: US $325 million

Viewing Audience: 225 million

3

2018 ESports generates revenue: US $493 million Viewing Audience: 353 million

E Race 2022

2019 Predictions

SAT

ESports generates revenue: US $493 million

01 : 03 : 22

Viewing Audience: 427 million

E GAMING TERMINAL PASS

Personal Gaming Games released on PC, Game-stations, Apps on IOS & Android

With Every Download, revenue and promtoion of the event strengthens

Single Player

Multi Player

Online Multi - player

ESports at E Race Wales Esports will take two forms at E Race Wales with one aspect being professional gaming terminals located on site where professional gamers will be invited to race against the pilots competing on the circuit in real time and attracting its own spectator crowd. Personal mobile/PC gaming will be available for anyone to download and compete

41

On Site Retail Retail and merchandising would be dealt with by e Race Wales in the form of third party manufacturers receiving a licence to produce goods with e Race Wales branding with E Race Wales retaining control of sale of goods on site and online in the official stores.

Betting Terminal 01

e.race wales

Team liaison, licensing and administration office 02

Licenses are issued by the team liaison, licensing and administration office upon approval to individual betters.

03

Odds are set by the individual betters in accordance with regulations and all takings taken on race days will be handled independently by them

04

All Licenses, odds, terminals and practices will be in keeping with regulations set by the Gambling Commission

Vendor Allocations

e.race wales

Hospitality and Event Office

e.race wales

Hospitality and Event Office

e.race wales

Hospitality and Event Office

Vendor Permit Permit Type: Class A (EXT) Space Allocated:

06-33 Vendor Permit Permit Type: Class C (EXT) Space Allocated:

01

e.race wales

Hospitality and Event Office

e.race wales

Hospitality and Event Office

Vendor Permit Permit Type: Class B (EXT) Space Allocated:

02-05

Permits allow for third party vendors to have ‘pop up’ stalls throughout the building and exterior spaces as shown in the above map.

Opposite is a typical individual vendor (Shown is Dragon Racing stand, one of the teams competing in the race) Typical stall dimensions:

Vendor Permit Permit Type: Class D (INT)

8000

Space Allocated:

01-06

6000

On Site Activities Retail spaces offering official merchandise on site will be available along with betting terminals and exhibition spaces. The exhibition spaces will alternate depending on how long a particular vendor wishes to stay. These will offer varied activities and showcases during race weekends

42

SITE ORGANISATION AND USE Site in Operation by Welsh Slate

Site in Operation by E Race Wales

Site Operational

Site Operational

280

80

Meetings

The Plan opposite highlights in red area of hard rock (known in Welsh Mining Terms as ‘Talcen Caled’ which translate literally to ‘Hard Front’) which are difficult to mine making these the perfect locations for locating these facilities

Days

Days

Map highlights the areas and routes that are available to Welsh Slate when E Race Wales are not active on site. The area highlighted blue will remain an active part of E Race Wales site as it forms the main entrance to the building. *Due to dust and heavy vehicle traffic, all Welsh Slate Operations would cease during E Race Wales operational days to avoid health risks and infrastructural disruption*

Locating the viewing areas and other site facilities around the quarry provides a challenge.

Map highlights the areas and routes that are available to E Race Wales during the agreed 80 days of the year that the site is in operation

by E Race Wales.

This allows quarry operation to continue without disruption of constructed buildings in the way of the proposed quarry expansion indicated on the aforementioned plan.

The Main Building itself will remain operational for:

Below is a historic image of Penrhyn Quarry showing similar hard rock ‘stack’ formation.

Pre booked events and meetings

Access Road (Visitors and emergency vehicles, circulation) E Race Wales vendor space retain operation all year round

Team operations, servicing and development

Access Road (Visitors and emergency vehicles, circulation)

Hospitality events

E Race Wales vendor space, overflow drop off area

Race and Site Staff

e.race

e.race

Team liaison, licensing and administration office

Sponsorship and Advertising Department

e.race

e.race

Hospitality and Events Office

Administration Team

wales

wales

wales

wales

Hospitality

e.race wales

Hospitality

Club Valour

Site Organisation and Use The Quarry is still relatively active and therefore E Race Wales must work around the quarry operations and the activities of each party must be separated in order to ensure pubic health & safety. The building would be used outside of race days for hospitality events, maintenance, permanent staff and meetings/ events.

43

04 Design Development

44

35.

Vernacular Architecture of Wales

36.

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Principals of Organic Architecture and Pertinence to Welsh Architecture

37.

Design Inspiration from Site

38.

Form Finding

39.

Early Design Iterations

40.

Early Design Iterations

41.

Maximising Viewing Capacity

42.

Project Materiality

43.

Material Sourcing and Future Building Impact

44.

Water Collection, Reuse and Waste Management

45.

Energy Production, Usage, Ventilation and Adaptability

46.

Main Building Construction

47.

Race Pit Design

48.

Race Pits Cantilever Sequence

49.

Cantilever Assembly

Typical mining cottage Built form quarry material, these small stone buildings would house the workers and their families often in overcrowded conditions. There are numerous examples form one storey to two storey but follow the same characteristic of two rooms (Kitchen/bedroom) and chimneys at either end

Cegin Groes A typical and popular archetype of agricultural housing in the area, Cegin Groes translates to ‘cross kitchen’ meaning that the kitchen is separate from the main living area of the house so as to separate farm working with the accommodation

Welsh Manor house A simple manor house with various possibilities and variations but following similar plans of linearity large chimneys located at either end of the plan and curated gardens following in a similar fashion

45

Frank Lloyd Wright Visiting Portmeirion in Gwynedd near the proposed site.

Photographed with Clough William-Ellis.

Birthplace of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Mother. His Welsh connection he kept through his life with naming of projects and visiting Wales and his ancestry.

Eagle’s Feather: Unbuilt

Eagle’s Feather: Sectional Drawing highlighting the terracing upon the natural landscape Taliesin West : Use of dessert sand in the wall construction and possible use of slate

Falling Water: 1964

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Principals of Organic Architecture and Pertinence to Welsh Architecture The above images highlight Wright’s organic architecture, his form of terracing and dealing with natural topography and careful choice of materials. The proposed site is a similar terrain and the cultural aspect has strong identification with the materiality of Slate similar to Wright’s proposal at Taliesin West.

46

Design Inspiration from Site Slate was and to a large extent, still cut by hand. This results to some degree of interesting shapes created which over time, along with the excavation of slate form the mountain side, generates a lot of waste. From this, the building follows the form of these cuts and follows the extreme topography of the site.

47

Linear Design Proposal

Angled Linear Design Proposal

Introducing 3 Dimensional form into the design proposal

Maximising views of spectacle by introducing cantilever

Form Finding From the rugged landscape and the nature of slate breaking into sharp fragments, early development work saw floor plates being manipulated to form angular elements which enacted comparisons between the slate slabs in the quarry

48

Sectional View of the main building - Exploring following topography of the site and maximising viewing potential

Sectional View of the main building - Exploring Viewing terraces and composition

Following the topography of the quarry, the building wraps around the quarry lake maximising viewing potential

49

The cantilever creates a dramatic take off and landing area for the planes

All terraces retain views of the take off and landing process on the cantilever

Higher terraces still retain view of the cantilever but maximise viewing of the lake and larger quarry circuit

50

Maximising Viewing Capacity The design follows the contours of the quarry pit and wraps around creating an open v formation which allows for the viewing terraces where visitors will occupy during race events to see the take off and landing process and views over the lake itself before the aircraft travel to the second pit

51

Shear Slate Wall

01

Exploded view partially built wall

02

Partially built wall highlighting various building slabs and patterns

03

1 Metre width slate wall constructed utilising slate slabs from the quarry itself and using mortar which utilises slate dust as a mixture component giving a blue hue to the mortar joints

04

Lintel diverting the loading over the integrated air vent which allows for passive ventilation throughout the building

05

Exploded view of the integrated air vent highlighting the passage of air through the opening formed

04

01

The walls will be crafted utilising traditional techniques and using stone only from the quarry. Modern machinery will aid in the cutting, preparing and movement of slate in order to speed up the process

03 05

02

Concrete production/ Casting on Site Applicable to whole construction 01

Welsh Slate quarry works, where all the slate aggregate for the concrete used within the building will be used

02

Access to slate works from the concrete mixing area

03

Access to concrete mixing area within the construction site

04

Concrete mixing area. All concrete used on site will be mixed here ready to be pumped into the moulds for the girder box and main building using the slate aggregate and Portland cement delivered locally

05

Tubing will pump the concrete from the mixing area across the bridge building machine towards the mould. The tubing will extend towards the end of the girder box construction

06

Small fire road where a crane can be installed to aid with dismantling of the bridge building machine and other functions

07

Portable crane access for interior finishes and heavy lifting of other elements

01

02

06

Slate aggregate concrete

Utilising quarry waste produced by Welsh Slate on site already reduces the carbon footprint of transportation of materials and creating new aggregate.

07 03

Using slate creates a more harmonious aesthetic for the site and creates a sense of belonging to the area.

Quarry waste

04

05

Portland cement

Concrete finish using the slate aggregate from the quarry site

Having materials sourced on site ensures continuous supply of concrete which is essential considering the vast amount required for the building construction.

Exposed rock Surface

Exposed rock faces within the building are located throughput the main building. This bring in the quarry into the building fabric, merging the boundaries between interior and exterior.

Historic marking such as dynamite holes and chisel mark will tell the history of the quarry and offer visitors the opportunity to see up close the rugged terrain that makes up Wales’s landscape after its industrial heritage.

Water that travels through the rock will be contained within gutters located within the concrete floor slabs which will have built in drainage systems which will lead the water to the storage and filtration area located on the first floor. From here the water can be utilised as drinking water.

Natural ventilation within the building will eliminate the possibility of damp arising as enough air will pass over the rock thus allowing the surface to dry.

Concrete slabs will be inserted into pre-drilled holes located within the rockface and supported by the slate shear walls which are constructed from the same rock giving another dimension to the use of Welsh Slate within the building fabric

Project Materiality Slate features prominently in the building as it is located in a former slate quarry in the heartland of Welsh Slate Production. This brings in the materiality of the site but also reduces carbon footprint due to the reduced travel and treatment required. Exposed rock faces within the building bring the exterior into the interior offering a rugged, natural material within the main building itself

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

Exterior Viewing Terrac

Public Circulation Spac

E Race Wales Staff Circ

ESports Gaming Centr Betting Terminal

70

ces

ce

SECTION A-A 1:250@A1

culation, Offices, Services

E RACE WALES - MAIN BUILDING

re and Viewing Area

PENRHYN QUARRY, WALES, UK 53.167°N // 4.067°W

0

250

500

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

06 Appendix 62.

Section A-A 1:100 @A2

63.

Section B-B 1:100@A2

64.

Section C-C 1:100@A2

65.

Section D-D 1:100@A2

79

80

81

82

83

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2019 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

84

UNIT @unit14_ucl

85

MODERN COURAGE 2019

A

t the center of Unit 14’s academic exploration lies Buckminster Fuller’s ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’, a master-builder that follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal of the designer as somebody who is capable of comprehending the ‘integrateable significance’ of specialised findings and is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of these discoveries while not disappearing into a career of expertise. Like Fuller, we are opportunists in search of new ideas and their benefits via architectural synthesis. As such Unit 14 is a test bed for exploration and innovation, examining the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. We are in search of the new, leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital as well as physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation with a research-driven core, generating momentum through astute synthesis. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and through the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, will generate new and unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals. They will be beautiful because of their intelligence - extraordinary findings and the artful integration of those into architecture.

Inspired by the audacity of the modernist mind the unit’s work aspires to reinstate the designer’s engagement with all aspects of our profession.

Observation and re-examination of every aspect of current civilizatory development enables to project near future scenarios and positions the work as avant garde in the process of designing a comprehensive vision for the future.

Societical, technological, cultural, economic as well as political developments propel the investigations with a deep understanding of how they interlink to shape strategies and astute synthesis to determine a design approach.

We believe in the multi-objectivity of our design process, where the negotiation of the different objectives becomes a great source of architectural novelty and authorship. We will fight charlatanism with the aid of practical experimentation, scientific knowledge and technology. We find out about how human endeavour, deep desire and visionary thought interrelate as well as advance cultural and technological means while driving civilisation as a highly developed organisation. The underlying principle and observation of our investigations will be that futurist speculation inspires and ultimately brings about significant change. Supported by competent research the work is the search for modernist courage aiming to amplify found nuclei into imaginative tales with architectural visions fuelled by speculation.

Thanks to: RSHP, Zaha Hadid Architects, DKFS Architects, Heatherwick Studio, Amanda Levete Architects, Seth Stein Architects, Cundal Engineering, DaeWha Kang Design, Uni Stuttgart ITKE

UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Charlie Harris www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2019 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.