Heidi Au Yeung_Y4 |Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture

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UNEARTHING THE UNDERGROUND

HEIDI AU YEUNG YEAR 4

UNIT

Y4 HA

PICCADILLY TRACKS

@unit14_ucl

All work produced by Unit 14 Cover design by Maggie Lan www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2018 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

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HEIDI AU YEUNG YEAR 4 heidiauyeung@gmail.com heidiauyeung.com @heidi_a.y

P I C C A D I L LY T R A C K S Unearthing the Underground Picadilly Circus, London, UK

Above the concrete ground sits listed buildings, protected views, green belt causing London’s land price to soar. Consequently, one third of London’s music venues have been forced out since 2010 with the most significant lost in Soho area. Where will our future cultural venues go?

Typically cities grow higher and denser, creating a concrete jungle where the streets sit in the shadow of high-rise buildings. Piccadilly Tracks explore the potential of excavating the space in between ground surface and tube level as a spatial opportunity for our increasingly dense city and disappearing music industry.

develop an optimized structural system connecting the existing basements and newly excavated space.

A retaining ring sits in the centre of the project, acting in compression to resist the ground forces and preventing the basement from collapsing.

Beam structures double act as circulation routes across the site connecting to the neighbouring basements. The new architecture weaves in and out of the existing listed building, exposing elements of the existing structure, meeting but not touching, and underpinned by new concrete columns.

Music pods and pop up spaces are nested within this structure, creating open/semi-enclosed/closed spaces, acoustically accustomed for different types of music events from buskers to orchestras. The new music venue will also bring production studios into the surrounding basements; create a cultural hub in the centre of London.

Piccadilly Tracks introduces a new urban typology, integrating transport and cultural infrastructure, Piccadilly Circus was chosen as the point of excavating the ground to create new space for GA PLAN : GROUND LEVEL intervention being a node of London with one of the 5.2 London, enriching the cultural fabric of the city. deepest tube stations and multiple music venues and theatre situated underground. This project taps into the underground culture scene, speculating on the pedestrianisation and basement extensions of London, proposing a new Piccadilly Circus. A total of 145500 M3 of soil will be unearthed on site for the project.

Y4 HA

B

eneath our concrete pavement lies a hidden network of cables, pipes, sewers and tracks, intertwining and weaving through the soil to support our activity above the ground. London pioneered the underground railway system in the world 150 years ago, developing new technologies of excavation, tunnelling and retaining structures.

GROUND LEVEL 1:500 @ A2

The excavated space requires an intensive structural strategy to retain the new basement.

The existing building on site were studied to find opportunities of extension. Vertical and horizontal load paths across the site were investigated to

3

TECTONIC ARTEFACTS

I N V I S I B L E ARCHITECTURE DISSOLVED URBAN SPACE Exploring the invisble architecture of our city built upon the connectivity to the wireless cloud.

Wireless connection expands the boundary of a building beyond its physical walls, and create a new sphere of space in which people dwell. White spots of no connectivity in the city becomes the new walls of the city.

This project explores how this invisible ‘architecture’ may exist as a physical structure.

YAT NING (HEIDI), AU YEUNG UNIT 14 2017-18

4

INFOSPHERE The infosphere* relies on an intricate network of signals, wired and wireless, that support it. We are completely surrounded by an invisible system of data cables and radio signals from access points, cell towers and overhead satellites. Our digital lives depend on these very physical systems for communication, observation and navigation.

The Architecture of Radio is a site-specific iOS and Android application that visualizes this network of networks by reversing the ambient nature of the infosphere; hiding the visible while revealing the invisible technological landscape we interact with through our devices. *The infosphere refers to an interdependent environment, like a biosphere, that is populated by informational entities. While an example of the sphere of information is cyberspace, infospheres are not limited to purely online environments.

WHITE SPACE / ARCHITECTURE OF RADIO This app inspired the tectonic artefact as it begins to expose the spaces that we inhabit and thresholds we cross, leading to the study of visualising the space of wireless connection.

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CONNECTIVITY DETERMINED AGENT BEHAVIOUR The built environment is society’s physical memory; it functions as a system of signification that we all intuitively navigate to find relevant communication partners or situations. The societal function of urban and architectural design is the innovative ordering and framing of communicative interaction.

The architectural frames – the designed settings/spaces – are themselves communications: they are communications that define, premise and prime the communicative interactions that are expected to take place within the respectively framed territory. Each territory/frame is embedded within a system of frames that can be understood and designed as a system of signification.

PATRICK SCHUMACHER People inside building, inside connection zone People ouside building, inside connection zone People ouside building, towards connection zone

CONNECTIVITY DEFINED AGENT BEHAVIOUR An analysis of pathways through the city, defined by boundaries of wireless connnectivity

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DISCONNECTED CITY

INTEFERENCE

CONNECTION SPOTS

CITY BLOCKS

LAYERS OF THE CITY An analysis of the invisible architecture formed by the connected and disconnected areas.

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CITY GRID - INVISIBLE ARCHITECTURE An analysis of the invisible architecture formed by the connected and disconnected areas at a city scale.

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INVISIBLE ARCHITECTURE The negative space of a city: the remainder of a city block when intersected with spaces of connectivity redefining the walls of our city.

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STRUCTURAL - FORM FINDING A catalogue of all the models explored in the process of discovering the artefact.

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INVISIBLE ARCHITECTURE

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INVISIBLE ARCHITECTURE Structuralising the invisible space with an orthogonal grid.

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PIONEER ING SENTIMENTS

UNDERGROUND LONDON PICCADILLY CIRCUS Exploring the potential of excavating the space inbetween ground surface and tube level as a spatial opportunity for the increasingly dense city.

Piccadilly Circus was chosen as the point of intervention being a node of Central London and sitting on multiple boundaries. However, the area is increasingly overtaken by cheap tourist shops, losing its cultural richness and wasting a prime location.

This project speculates on the pedestrianalisation of London and basement extensions of the site. This project proposes a new Piccadilly Circus, integrating transport and cultural infrastructure whilst creating a new language within the existing urban fabric.

The new excavation will be a pedestrianalised area connecting to with neighbouring sites, inserting a cultural layer in the new found space.

YAT NING (HEIDI), AU YEUNG UNIT 14 2017-18

13

THE ARCH

BARREL VALULT

GROIN VAULT

GREEK COLUMNS

PENDENTIVES

BAR TRACERY

FLYING BUTTRESSES

RIBBED VAULTS

DOUBLE SPIRAL STAIRS

RECTANGULAR SPIRAL STAIRS

RIB VAULTS WITH POINTED ARCHES

RECTANGULAR SPIRAL STAIRS II

PREHISTORIC 11600 - 3500 BC GOBEKLI TEPE 6000 BC / TURKEY

ANCIENT EGYPT 3050 - 900 BC PYRAMIDS OF GIZA 2580 BC / EGYPT

GREEK 600 - 146 BC

T-SHAPED STAIRS

CLASSICAL 850 - 476 AD PARTHENON 447BC, ATHENS GREECE

ROMAN 146 BC - 476 AD

CAST IRON & PLATE GLASS

PLATE GLASS WINDOWS

COLOSSEUM 70AD, ROME ITALY

BYZANTINE 527 - 565 AD HAGIA SOPHIA 532, ISTANBUL, TURKEY

ROMANESQUE 800 - 1200 BASILICA DEI SANTI PIETRO E PAOLO 875 AD, LOMBARDY ITALY

GOTHIC 1100 - 1450 BASILICA ST DENIS 1130, FRANCE

RENAISSANCE 1400 - 1600 SANTA MARIA DEL FIORE 1436 FLORENCE ITALY

BAROQUE 1600 - 1830 ROCOCO 1715 - 1790 INTERIOR: SALON DE MONSIEUR LE PRINCE 1722 FRANCE

SANTA SUSANNA FACADE 1603 ROME ITALY

NEO CLASSICAL 1730 - 1925 SALINE ROYALE 1773, FRANCE

FIRST SKYSCRAPER

TRIBUNE TOWER DESIGN 1922

HOTEL TASSEL 1893, BELGIUM

CRYSTAL PALACE 1851, UK

UNITY TEMPLE 1903 WOOLWORTH BUILDING 1912, NYC

ART DECO 1925 - 1937

ART NOUVEAU 1890 - 1914

VICTORIAN 1837 -1901

HOME INSURANCE BUILDING 1885, CHICAGO

BEAUX ART 1895 - 1925 MODERNIST COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 1893, CHICAGO US

NEO GOTHIC 1905 - 1930 HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT 1840, UK

MODERNIST 1990 BAUHAUS SCHOOL 1919 - 1933 BARCELONA PAVILION 1923

MODERNIST FRANCE VILLA LA ROCHE JEANERETTE 1923

POST MODERNISM 1960 VANNA VENTURI HOUSE US

BLOBITECTURE 1995 GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM 1997, SPAIN

PIONEERING MOMENTS

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A study of architectural history to identify and catalogue the pioneering moments in architecture through the ages. The research reveals that most pioneering structures developed within church buildings.

REINFORCED CONCRETE

1868 MAP OF LONDON

1666 MAP OF LONDON

ROMAN MAP OF LONDON AD 190

2018 MAP OF LONDON

BASILICA MAXENTIUS, ROME 312 AD

HAGIA SOPHIA, ISTANBUL 532 AD

BASILICA OF ST DENIS, PARIS 1135

ST. PAULS, LONDON 1675

PIONEERING URBAN FABRICS A study of how religious buildings impact the urban fabric in their local city with a specific focus on the changes in London’s urban fabric through the years, as impacted by St. Pauls Cathedral since its construction in 1675.

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INFOSPHERE The invisible wireless connection and clouds to which the city is wired to.

PEOPLE The impacters and impacted of the city

BUILT ENVIRONMENT he built architecture of the city in which people inhabit.

ROADS he roads that divide and allow navigation through the city.

-4M SEWERS

-0.6M GAS

-0.75M WATER

A deconstruction of what lies under the street we walk on daily.

-15M GREENWICH FOOT TUNNEL

10M

15M

NATURAL TOPOGRAPHY The natural landscape that sits under the built environment.

MADE GROUND

-5 -6M CUT AND COVER UNDERGROUND

5M

-0.45M - 1.2M ELECTRICITY

4M

-0.35M TELECOMMUNICATIONS

3M

-0.25M - 0.35M CABLE TV & COMMUNICATIONS

0M

1M

2M

-40 -65M WATER RING MAIN

35M

40M

CABLES Cables and wires that supports telecommunication and powers the city

-25M -42 M CROSS RAIL TUNNEL

-23M THAMES TUNNEL

-30M -66M THAMES TIDEWAY TUNNEL

30M

-35M - 60M LONDON POWER TUNNELS

25M

-24M - 67M DEEP LEVELUNDERGROUND

20M

45M

50M

55M

70M

75M

80M

85M

UNDERGROUND RAIL Underground transport that allows efficient travel through the city.

90M

LAYERS OF THE CITY

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A deconstruction of the city fabric to understand its different elements that it is composed of, revealing the massive hidden underground infrastructure that supports the activity above ground.

-63.4M DEEPEST CROSSRAIL BARRETTES

65M

-70 - 80M LEE TUNNEL - SUPER SEWER

60M

SEWERS The sewage system that transfers the waste of the city.

83M BURJ KHALIFA · DUBAI

-8000M MT EVEREST · HIMALAYAS

-8000M INTERNET CABLE · UNDEROCEAN

-2400M JINPING LAB · CHINA

-3900M TAUTONA MINE · SOUTH AFRICA

-2450M GOTTHARD BASE TUNNEL · SWITZERLAND

-750 M OLD SALT MINE · GERMANY

-122400M KOLA SUPERDEEP BOREHOLE - DEEPEST ARTIFICIAL POINT ON EARTH · RUSSIA

-150M

-2000KM

-2000M NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY · CANADA

-520M NUCLEAR REPOSITORY · FINLAND

-1500KM

-1000M MIZUNAMI RESEARCH LAB · JAPAN

-149M SANFORD LAB · US

-392M DEEPEST WELL· WOODINGSDEAN,UK

-105M DEEPEST SUBWAY STATION · RUSSIA

-4M SEWERS

-175M LARGE HADRON COLLIDER · SWITZERLAND

-100M

-36M BASEMENT SYNDEY OPERA HOUSE

-50M

-55M SKYSCRAPER PILES · LONDON SHARD

-0.45M CABLES

0M -24M DEEL LEVEL TUBE · LONDON

51-80KM MESOSPHERE

0 - 10KM TROPOSHPHERE

11 - 50KM STRATOSPHERE

81 - 700KM THERMOSPHERE

- 200KM - 650KM ASTHEHNOSPHERE

-60 - 200KM LITHOSPHERE

-1000KM

- 650KM - 2900K MESOSPHERE

-50OKM

700KM+ EXOSPHERE

0M

DERINKUYU, TURKEY

CANADA

MONTREAL

KAYMAKLI, TURKEY

SHANGHAI TUNNELS, OREGON

SEED VAULT

MARESH, ISRAEL

COOBER PEDY. AUSTRALIA

JAPAN

SWITZERLAND

KANSAS

BEIJING - COLD WAR

BEI JING IMMIGRANTS HOME

-200M

-2500KM

- 2900K - 63778KM CORE

-300M

-3000KM

-400M

-3500KM

-500M

ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS

-4000KM

-750M

-4500KM

-1000M

-1KM DEPTH AT WHICH SUNLIGHT CAN REACH

-5000KM

-2000M

-5500KM

-3000M

-6000KM

- 2900K - 63778KM CORE

-4000M

-6500KM

-4.25KM AVERAGE DEPTH OF OCEAN

-5000M

-54.8 m NORWAY OLYMPICS

-7000KM

CHICHU ART MUSEUM, JAPAN

-6000M

-7500KM

-7000M

-8000KM

PILSEN, CZECH REPUBLIC

FINLAND

-8000M

-8600KM

-9000M

-327m

-9000KM

WIELICZKA SALT MINE, POLAND

LONDON

LONDON UNDERGROUND FARM

EDINBURGH VAULTS, UK

NEW YORK - COLD WAR

NEW YORK LOW LINE

-10000M

-95000KM

-10000KM

- 650KM - 2900K MESOSPHERE

-11000M

-11KM MARIANA TRENCH : DEEPEST PART OF OCEAN

-12000M

-42m SALINA TURDA, ROMANIA

GEOLOGICAL DEPTHS

CONSTRUCTED STRUCTURES

HISTORIC UNDERGROUND INDUSTRIES

SALINA TURDA, ROMANIA

20TH CENTURY

MODERN

DEEP STRUCTURES A study and comparison of deep structures in nature, internationally and locally.

A study of historic and modern underground spaces around the world

17

TOWERS

WORKSHOP

HOTELS

RESTAURANTS

GALLERY

TRAINING

BARS

SECONDARY SCHOOL

HOUSES

PUBLIC SQUARES

POOLS

CLINICS

OFFICES

COLLEGE

OFFICES

OFFICES

SPORT GROUNDS

GARDENS

SPORT CENTRES

CLINICS

GALLERY

LANDING STATION

TRAIN STATIONS

WOSRHIP

MUSEUM

POLICE STATION

BUS STATION LANDING STATION

PARKS

P TEMPORARY SHELTERS

BASEMENTS

BUNKERS

UNIVERSITY

PRIMARY SCHOOL

KINDEGARTEN

AUDITORIUMS

OPTICIANS

WORSHIP

FACTOROIES

ZOOS

HOSPITAL

THEATRE

RESTAURANTS

SPORTS

SHOPS SUPERMARKETS

STREETLIGHTS GRAVES

MUSEUM

CINEMA

COMMUNITY CENTERS

FIRE STATION

POWERPLANT CARPARK

RIVERS

CITY HALLS

UNDERGROUND

DENTISTS CLUBS

MINES/ QUARRIES

LIBRARY

ARCHIVES

JAILS

COMMUNICATION

TRAIN

OPTICIANS LABORATORY

HOUSING

GAS

EDUCATION

BUSINESS

CULTURAL

HEALTH

ENVIRONMENTAL

GOVERNMENT ELECTRICITY

WATER

SEWAGE

INFRASTRUCTURE

HOUSING

EDUCATION

BUSINESS ECONOMY

CULTURAL

INCREASED UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION

HEALTH

ENVIRONMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE

MAXIMISED UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION

GOVERNMENT

A CITY WITHOUT A GROUND

TOWERS

HOTELS

WORKSHOP

RESTAURANTS

TRAINING

BARS

GALLERY OFFICES

COLLEGE

SECONDARY SCHOOL

HOUSES

OFFICES

CLINICS

POOLS

CLINICS

SPORT CENTRES

PUBLIC SQUARES

WOSRHIP

GALLERY

TRAIN STATIONS

LANDING STATION

OFFICES

SPORT GROUNDS

MUSEUM

GARDENS

BUS STATION LANDING STATION

PARKS

POLICE STATION

PRIMARY SCHOOL

BUNKERS

KINDEGARTEN

UNIVERSITY

OPTICIANS

WORSHIP

FACTOROIES

HOSPITAL

THEATRE

RESTAURANTS

AUDITORIUMS

ZOOS

POWERPLANT CARPARK

RIVERS

SPORTS

SHOPS SUPERMARKETS

CINEMA

FIRE STATION

COMMUNITY CENTERS

STREETLIGHTS GRAVES

MUSEUM

CITY HALLS

UNDERGROUND

DENTISTS CLUBS LIBRARY

MINES/ QUARRIES

ARCHIVES

TRAIN

SUNLIGHT

FULL DAYLIGHTSUNLIGHT

TWILIGHT

DARK DAY

OVERCAST DAY

OPEN WALKWAY

COVERED WALKWAY

OFFICE

TUNNEL / BRIDGES

AUDITORIUM

SUPPORT ROOMS (TOILETS/ E&M)

INDOOR PUBLIC AREAS

OFFICE

WAREHOUSE

LIBRARY

AUDITORIUM

CLASSROOMS

DINING

ARCHIVE

CHILDCARE

FITNESS

KITCHEN

GROCERY

LABORATORY

SUPERMARKET

MECHANICAL WORKSHOPS

HOME

DRAWING WORK

BEDROOM

OPERATION THEATRE

DESK

KITCHEN

BATHROOM

LOBBY/ PUBLIC CORRIDOOR /STAIRWELLS

P TEMPORARY SHELTERS

BASEMENTS

COMMUNICATION

JAILS

OPTICIANS

LABORATORY

GAS

ELECTRICITY

0 WATER

SEWAGE

50 EDUCATION

100

HOUSING

150

HOTELS

WORKSHOP

RESTAURANTS

TRAINING

BARS

GALLERY OFFICES

COLLEGE

OFFICES

CLINICS

POOLS

CLINICS

SPORT CENTRES

PUBLIC SQUARES

WOSRHIP

GALLERY

TRAIN STATIONS

LANDING STATION

OFFICES

SPORT GROUNDS

MUSEUM

GARDENS

BUS STATION LANDING STATION

PARKS

POLICE STATION

300

SECONDARY SCHOOL

200

TOWERS

HOUSES

P BASEMENTS

TEMPORARY SHELTERS

PRIMARY SCHOOL

UNIVERSITY

OPTICIANS

WORSHIP

FACTOROIES

HOSPITAL

THEATRE

RESTAURANTS

ZOOS

POWERPLANT CARPARK

RIVERS

FIRE STATION

COMMUNITY CENTERS

400

BUNKERS

KINDEGARTEN

AUDITORIUMS

SPORTS

SHOPS SUPERMARKETS

CINEMA

STREETLIGHTS GRAVES

MUSEUM

CITY HALLS

UNDERGROUND

500

DENTISTS CLUBS LIBRARY

MINES/ QUARRIES

ARCHIVES

TRAIN

COMMUNICATION

JAILS

600

OPTICIANS LABORATORY

GAS

700

ELECTRICITY

800

WATER

900

SEWAGE

1000

HOUSING

EDUCATION

BUSINESS ECONOMY

CULTURAL

HEALTH

ENVIRONMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE

GOVERNMENT

2000

TOWERS

HOTELS

WORKSHOP

RESTAURANTS

TRAINING

BARS

GALLERY OFFICES

COLLEGE

SECONDARY SCHOOL

HOUSES

OFFICES

CLINICS

POOLS

CLINICS

SPORT CENTRES

PUBLIC SQUARES

WOSRHIP

GALLERY

TRAIN STATIONS

LANDING STATION

OFFICES

SPORT GROUNDS

MUSEUM

GARDENS

BUS STATION LANDING STATION

PARKS

POLICE STATION

P BASEMENTS

TEMPORARY SHELTERS

BUNKERS

PRIMARY SCHOOL

KINDEGARTEN

UNIVERSITY

OPTICIANS

WORSHIP

FACTOROIES

HOSPITAL

THEATRE

RESTAURANTS

AUDITORIUMS

ZOOS

POWERPLANT CARPARK

RIVERS

SPORTS

SHOPS SUPERMARKETS

CINEMA

FIRE STATION

COMMUNITY CENTERS

STREETLIGHTS GRAVES

MUSEUM

CITY HALLS

UNDERGROUND

DENTISTS CLUBS LIBRARY

MINES/ QUARRIES

ARCHIVES

TRAIN

COMMUNICATION

JAILS

OPTICIANS LABORATORY

GAS

ELECTRICITY

WATER

CITY TETRIS, A CITY WITHOUT A GROUND

SEWAGE

HOUSING

18

EDUCATION

BUSINESS ECONOMY

CULTURAL

HEALTH

ENVIRONMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE

GOVERNMENT

A study of the different programs within a city and exploration of how they could be arranged due to their different lighting requirements. The city’s ground isn’t a flat continuous level but rather a continuous change of levels.

BUSINESS ECONOMY

CULTURAL

HEALTH

ENVIRONMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE

GOVERNMENT

HIGH RISE

LOW RISE

AA

BB

MIXED HIGH RISE / UNDERGROUND

CC

A

B

C

HIGH RISE SKY VIEW

LOW ROSE SKY VIEW

UNDERGROUND SKY VIEW

SKY VIEW FACTOR A study of how much sky could be seen from the ‘ground’ level in different environments. The study shows how the sky view factor is increased when underground spaces are used.

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HIGH RISE

LOW RISE

SUNLIGHT FACTOR A study of how much sunlight reaches ground level in a high rise / low rise / underground spaces through the day. Whilst the normal progress of a city is to go upwards, the building of dense high rise buildings recreate the same lighting conditions as underground spaces.

20

MIXED HIGH RISE / UNDERGROUND

JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO

331 133

JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO

331

ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J

133

ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J

133

SIF A

SIF

JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO

331

N

A

N

SIF

INDUSTRY

A

SIF

ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J

N

SIF

N

A

SIF

A

A N

N

133

JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO

331

ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J

133

JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO

331

FI-SAN

ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J

FI-SAN

133

FI-SAN

ORTSORNESU-B 33E1T.V 45N1A.0U2J

FI-SAN

PUBLIC

FI-SAN

OFFICE

FI-SAN

HOUSING

INFRASTRUCTURE

JUAN 20.154.133-S VTE BUENROSTRO

331

OTHER

RETAIL OFFICES

STATIONS RECREATION CULTURE RETAIL

STORAGE PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL SPACE

-10M HOUSING

OFFICE

PUBLIC

INDUSTRY

INFRASTRUCTURE

FUEL STORAGE POWERPLANT WATER TREATMENT TRANSPORT

OTHER

-20M

-30M

RETAIL OFFICES

WAR BUNKERS -40M STATIONS RECREATION CULTURE RETAIL

STORAGE PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL SPACE

-50M

FUEL STORAGE POWERPLANT WATER TREATMENT TRANSPORT

-10M -60M

-20M -70M

-30M

CUT AND COVER

DRILL & BLAST -80M EXCAVATION

JACKED BOX TUNNELING

PIPE JACKING WAR BUNKERS

IMMERSED TUNNELING

TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

UNDERGOUND TRANSPORT

LABORATORIES

-40M

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

-90M

-50M -100M

60M

70M

UNDERGOUND TRANSPORT

-80M LABORATORIES

90M

-100M

CIRCULAR

EGG

ELIPTICAL

Circular form provides aximum resistance to external pressure used for highly unstable ground.

Often used for sewage with a self cleaning velocity.

Used in non-rock grounds, difficult to construct.

HORSESHOE Semi circular roof used for tunnel traffic.

VERTICAL WALL/ ARCHED ROOF Used in rock tunnelling, compressive strength of concrete.

BOX Used for cut and cover methods for pedestrian/ highway tunnel.

CONSTRUCTED FORMS

DEEP CONSTRUCTION METHOD & FORMS A study of underground construction methods and forms.

21

London is a flood plain built over clay, chalk and streams where the water breaks through thin layers of clay.

43-200AD Billingsgate Roman House & Baths was built, making use of London’s water resource.

1500S London population rises resulting in urban sprawl and rivers being buried under new developments.

1777 The Bramah’s water closet was invented, improving personal hygiene, but burdenning the sewage system as water and waste directly overflowed into the street sewers

1807-14 The first distribution main was in Pall Mall in London in 1807 and in 1814 the first gas street lights in London were introduced. This gas came via 26 miles of underground piping.

1816 Electric Telecommunication cables began to be installed in the grounds of london

1825 THAMES TUNNEL The Thames Tunnel is the first modern tunnel built under water using a tunnel shield. Built beneath the River Thames in London, it connected Rotherhithe and Wapping.

1858 GREAT STINK London population rises resulting in urban sprawl and rivers being buried under new developments.

1859 SEWERS 1863 TUBE

Bazalgette proposed three main egg shaped interceptory sewers to be built in north and south of the river. 13,000miles local sewers fed into 450miles of main sewers that fed into the 100 miles of interceptory sewers.

The world’s first underground railway, the Metropolitan Railway, opened.

1863 The first despatch of the Post Office’s undeground pneumatic railway from Euston to Eversholt.

1868-9 1870

Hornsey Wood reservoir, was built by the East London Water Works Company , lying beneath Finsbury Park, with a capacity of some 5,000,000 gallons,

Tower Subway was built with greathead shields. Initially it serviced twelve passenger cable car service but later used as conduit for high pressure water mains for hydraulic power.

1876 Chancery Lane Safety Deposits were built at 40ft underground.

1933 Government began digging subterranean office spaces scattered across London Cricklewood, Harrow, Dollis Hill, Storey’s Gate

1890 The first distribution main was in Pall Mall in London in 1807 and in 1814 the first gas street lights in London were introduced. This gas came via 26 miles of underground piping.

1938

Manual floodgates were installed in the tube stations on either side of the River.

The introduction of cable TV.

Plessey employed hundreds of women to make aircraft components in a factory in 1 mile of tube tunnels through Wanstead

Undergrounds stations were used as Air Raid Shelters.

1940 WW2

1949 Deep level shelter at Chancery Lane, 60m underground were sold to the General Post Office where they became the termination for the first submarine transatlantic phone cable

1960 3,000 miles of high pressure gas pipelines was laid underground from the sea where natural gas was found, into the governor stations and siphoned off into homes around the country as demand grew.

1999 Optic Fibre cables laid underground

2017 CROSS RAIL The Crossrail programme - Europe’s biggest infrastructure project. It is the first complete new underground line in more than 30 years.

2016 LEE TUNNEL

Crossrail tunnelling began in the summer of 2012 and ended at Farringdon with the break through of tunnelling machine Victoria. Eight 1,000 tonne tunnelling machines have bored 26 miles or 42 km of new 6.2m diameter rail tunnels under London. It’s fitting out includes installation of tunnel ventilation, power, signalling, communications and overhead line equipment.

Lee Tunnel reduces the water discharge into the River Lee by 16 million tons a year. The tunnel is 6.9km-long and has a diameter of 7.2m. The tunnel project includes four shafts

Each tunnel is 21 kilometres/13 miles long, 6.2 metres in diameter and up to 40 metres below ground.

LONDON UNDERGROUND HISTORY A study of London Underground contstruction.

22

BANK

LANCASTER GATE

QUEENSWAY

BETHNAL GREEN

LIVERPOOL STREET

REDBRIDGE

BOND STREET

MARBLE ARCH

SHEPHERD BUSH

CHANCERY LANE

MILE END

ST PAULS

HOLBORN

NOTTING HILL GATE

HOLLAND ROAD

OXFORD CIRCUS

TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD

WANSTEAD

LONDON UNDERGROUND STATIONS A study of London Underground Stations and their circulation routes

23

DEEP LEVEL TUNNEL

UNDERGROUND STATION

SURFACE LEVEL TUNNEL

UNDERGROUND BUNKER

ABANDONED TUNNEL

ABANDONED STATION AMOUNT OF PASSENGERS

LONDON UNDERGROUND

24

A study of London Underground Map and identification of the abandoned stations to explore the underground space available for use. The London undergrond caries 1 billion passengers per year, 5 million a day with the busiest station being Oxford Circus.

POPULATION SIZE, 2018 329,541 - 389,600 301,961 - 329,540 253,501 - 301,960 207,001 - 253,500 8,000 - 207,000

389,600

301,960

253,500

POPULATION SIZE, 2018

329,540

207,000 POPULATION SIZE, 2018 329,541 - 389,600 0

301,961 - 329,540 POPULATION GROWTH 2011 -2036 (%GROWTH)

253,501 - 301,960 207,001 - 253,500 1%

8,000 - 207,000

20%

29%

LONDON OPPORTUNITY AREAS - ADOPTED

DEEP LEVEL TUNNEL

UNDERGROUND STATION

GREEN BELT

LONDON OPPORTUNITY AREAS - IN PROGRESS

SURFACE LEVEL TUNNEL

UNDERGROUND BUNKER

HERITAGE

LONDON OPPORTUNITY AREAS - NOT STARTED

ABANDONED TUNNEL

ABANDONED STATION

389,600

329,540

BEXLEY

301,960

LONDON A study of f London population density to identify areas that require intervention compared with the constraints to developing within London due to heritage sites and green belts. The overlayed underground network and abandoned stations reveals the potentiall of expanding the city underground in prime locations.

253,500

POPULATION SIZE, 2018

PARK

HAVERING

REDBRIDGE

BARKING & DAGENHAM

GREENWICH

NEWHAM

BROMLEY

LEWISHAM

WALTHAM FOREST

HACKNEY

ENFIELD TOWER HAMLETS

CROYDON

SOUTHWARK

HARINGEY CITY

CAMDEN LAMBETH

ISLINGTON

WESTMINSTER SUTTON

WANDSWORTH KENSINGTON MERTON

HAMMERSMITH & FULHAM

BRENT

BARNET

KINGSTON

RICHMOND

EALING

HARROW

HOUNSLOW

HILLINGDON

42%

25 207,000

11.4M

14.7M

WOOD GREEN

TURNPIKE LANE 18.5M

8.1M

MANOR HOUSE

8.2M FINSBURY PARK

ARSENAL

13.6M

23.1M HOLLOWAY ROAD

CALEDONIAN ROAD

19.9M

22.6M KINGS CROSS

41.1M

33.2M RUSSELL SQUARE 23.8M REGENTS PARK

HOLBORN

18.7M

37.6M

14.5M BAKER STREET

WARWICK AVENUE

33.2M

22.3M

COVENT GARDEN OXFORD CIRCUS

22.6M

25.2M

LECEISTER SQUARE

15.7M PADDINGTON

24.9M

MARYLEBONE PICCADILLY CIRCUS

23.8M

26.5M 19.9M

EDGWARE ROAD GREEN PARK

CHARING CROSS EMBANKMENT

27.1M HYDE PARK CORNER 22.3M

KNIGHTSBRIDGE

19.6M GLUOCESTER ROAD

20.6M

25.2M

EARLS COURT

HAMMERSMITH 2M 5.5M TURNHAM GREEN ACTON TOWN

PICCADILLY CIRCUS STREET LEVEL: 19M above sea level BAKERLOO LINE: -25M PICCADILLY LINE: -32M

SPATIAL OPPORTUNITIES This drawing maps out the height difference between the underground tube and the street level, to show the potential of building in the ‘in between’ spaces

26

FITZROVIA

MARLEYBONE

SOHO

COVENT GARDEN

LECEISTER SQUARE

FITZROVIA

CHARING CROSS

ST jAMES

CHOSEN SITE Picadilly was chosen as the site for its central location. It sits in the intersection between four wards of Westminster Council, inside the Central Activities Zone and Special Cultural Policy Area West End has the busiest shopping district in the world and it is also the heart of London’s evening and night time economy, including 39 Michelin starred restaurants, home of Theatreland and multiple cinema centred around Leicester Square. It also has a third of London’s music, visual and HYDE PARK performing arts employment and a third of London’s television and radio employment

COMMERCIAL 1626 Piccadilly was named after Piccadilly Hall which sold Piccadills. It continues to be a shopping centre connecting Regents Street and Piccadilly Street.

TRANSPORT JUNCTION 1819 The Circus was formed

by John Nash’s master plan of Regents Street.

CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

RESTAURANT

THEATRE

RESIDENTIAL

RETAIL

ATTRACTIONS CHARING CROSS

LONDON’s ICON 1890 Shaftebury Memorial - Antieros statue was built to commemorate the philanthropic works of Lord Shaftesbury

PICCADILLY LIGHTS

TUBE STATION

PEOPLE PLACE

Piccadilly Tube Station was first opened in 1906 and rennovated in 1928 to be the grandest station the world.

PARK JAMESin ST

1945 - VE Day Celebration 2012 - London Festival Celebration Piccadilly is a place where people meet in celebration or to protext

The first electric billboards were erected in 1910, eversince transforming Piccadilly to be the street of lights.

PICCADILLY CIRCUS

27

WALKABLE LONDON Zaha Hadid Architects presented a proposal of a Walkable London January 2018 where whole districts become pedestrianalised, making London the number one walking city in the whole world. ‘‘Transforming just a few streets will hardly make a big difference in terms of congestion, pollution, safety, public health, economic benefits and social capital. To make walking part of a daily routine, we need a full pedestrian network as an integral part of the city’s transport infrastructure.’’

Phase I Phase II Phase III

PEDESTRIAN FLOW STUDY

2

1 EXISTING FLOW

4

An analysis of current pedestrian and transport routes through Piccadilly Circus to understand the movement and flow through the existing site.

2

The increased flow of people if the immediate site is pedestrianlsied.

3

The removal of the existing road islands.

4

The speculation of the new flow of people with the removal isalnds.

5

Further speculation pedestrianlised routes.

6

Pedestrianalisation maximised through the site integrated with Walkable London

3 PEDESTRIANALISED I

PEDESTRIANALISED II

6

5 PEDESTRIANALISED III

1

PEDESTRIANALISED IV

PEDESTRIANALISED V

of

new

PEDESTRIANLISED PICCADDILLY A new design for Piccadilly Circus and pedestrianlised routes with the new excavation.

The central ring will restore the ‘circus’ to Piccaddily.

WALKABLE LONDON The project speculates the pedestrianalisation of this area, in light of recent proposals of Walkable London and the plans to pedestrianalise Oxford Street by 2018 summer.

28

3600 PUBS Since 2001, London has lost a quarter of its pub

320 MUSIC VENUES

857 GALLERIES

241 THEATRES

4 UNESCO

RESTAURANTS

215 GALLERIES

LIBRARIES

FILM

PHOTOGRAPHY

PARKS

SPORTS

SHOWS

THE LONDON PLAN

LONDON CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE In the era of global urbanisation, cultural prowess and economic success are interlinked. Culture is part of what makes a city appealing to people of all backgrounds, particularly skilled workers, and therefore to the businesses which want to employ them. As such, a vital cultural centre is an urban construct that justifies the enormous scale of investment of public, as well as philanthropic, resources, one which shapes the very definition of cultural value and determines who has access to it.

Funding for London’s arts is increasingly stretched. In the last decade, London has lost around 185 live music venues, and the unique character of areas such as Soho is under threat from soaring rents.

The rising cost of living and surging property prices have led to the loss of artist studios and small business start-up space while our city’s creative workforce is being driven out, often to cheaper cities across Britain and Europe.

29

LOSING GROUND

CLOSED VENUES

London has has lost 185 nightclubs and live music venues since 2007 - a decline of almost a third. The map above shows the closure of night club and live music venues through the years.

OPEN VENUES

London Soho area has experienced the most significant loss of night clubs & music venues as property developers ‘regenerate’ the area and land price rising, forcing out night clubs

GMV 35% VENUES LOST 22% VENUES AT RISK

RESCUE PLAN The success of London’s music industry depends on flourishing grassroots music venues. These are the places where stars make their names. London’s grassroots venues have always been the places to find new talent Every night, nearly 14,000 people go to a gig in a grassroots music venue in London but a fifth of London’s grassroots music venues could be forced to close due to business rates increases. Together, these grassroot music venues account for at least 14,000 emerging-artist performance opportunities annually at risk, and have a knock-on effect for the music industry as a whole, while reducing the opportunities for new and emerging talent in London.

A NEW CONCERT HALL Since 2016, there has been a bid for a New London Concert Hall, estimated to cost £278 million. It was initially supposed to be funded by the government. However in 2015 the government withdrew its funds and City of London has decided to fund the project themselves.

There has been great controversy to the recent competition designs and questionning the need of a new concert Hall in London.

LONDON MUSIC SCENE In light of current trends, how can we protect London’s cultural scene? As property prices continue to increase, where can we put London’s music venues?

30

PERFORMING WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

ATCHING A PERFORMANCE

PASSING TIME

READING

PASSING TIME

SELLING

PERFORMING

READING

CATCHING THE BUS

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

FINDING YOUR WAY

PASSING TIME

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

SITTING AROUND

READING

PERFORMING

WALKING BY

SELLING

FILMING SHOPPING

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

FILMING

WALKING BY

SHOPPING

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

FILMING

SELLING

WALKING BY

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

TOURING AROUND

SHOPPING

TOURING AROUND

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS CATCHING THE BUS

FINDING YOUR WAY

CATCHING THE BUS

PUBLIC EVENT

SITTING AROUND

FINDING YOUR WAY

SITTING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT PERFORMING

SELLING

FILMING

PERFORMING WAITING FOR SOMEONE

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

SELLING

FILMING

MEETING SOMEONE

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

TAKING SELFIES

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

ON THE PHONE

TOURING AROUND

SHOPPING

PUBLIC EVENT

CATCHING THE BUS

FINDING YOUR WAY

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

SITTING AROUND

MEETING SOMEONE

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

MEETING SOMEONE

FINDING YOUR WAY

SITTING AROUND

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE

6 SHOPPING

CATCHING THE BUS

SHOPPING FILMING

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

ON THE TRAIN

CATCHING THE BUS WAITING FOR TRAIN

FINDING YOUR WAY

BUYING A TICKET

4

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

FINDING YOUR WAY

3

MEETING SOMEONE

TAKING SELFIES

MEETING SOMEONE

WAITING FOR SOMEONE SITTING AROUND

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

ON THE PHONE

WAITING FOR TRAIN

ON THE TRAIN

WAITING FOR TRAIN

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE

MEETING SOMEONE

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

PASSING TIME

BUYING A TICKET

ON THE TRAIN ON THE PHONE

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

READING

PASSING TIME

BUYING A TICKET

TOURING AROUND

WALKING BY

READING

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

PERFORMING

WAITING FOR TRAIN

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

7 RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

TAKING SELFIES

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

WALKING BY

BUYING A TICKET

WAITING FOR TRAIN

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

BUYING A TICKET

ON THE PHONE

READING

WAITING FOR TRAIN

ON THE TRAIN

BUYING A TICKET

TAKING SELFIES

PASSING TIME

ON THE TRAIN

SITTING AROUND

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

ON THE TRAIN

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

5

WALKING BY

SELLING

FILMING

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN PUBLIC EVENT

1 WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

PASSING TIME

READING

2

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

PERFORMING

SELLING

FILMING

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

BUYING A TICKET

TOURING AROUND

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

PUBLIC EVENT

TOURING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

PASSING TIME

READING

SHOPPING

WALKING BY

CATCHING THE BUS

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

PASSING TIME

READING

WALKING BY

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

TOURING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

FINDING YOUR WAY

SITTING AROUND

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

SHOPPING

CATCHING THE BUS

FINDING YOUR WAY

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

SITTING AROUND

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

TOURING AROUND WAITING FOR SOMEONE

ASKING FOR DIRECTION READING

WALKING BY

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

PUBLIC EVENT

TOURING AROUND

MEETING SOMEONE

PUBLIC EVENT

WALKING BY

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

MEETING SOMEONE

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE ON THE TRAIN

TOURING AROUND

WAITING FOR TRAIN

BUYING A TICKET

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

PERFORMING

PUBLIC EVENT

SELLING

PERFORMING

PERFORMING

SELLING

ON THE TRAIN

WAITING FOR TRAIN

FILMING

SELLING

BUYING A TICKET

PASSING TIME

READING

WALKING BY

CATCHING THE BUS

SHOPPING

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

PASSING TIME

FINDING YOUR WAY

SITTING AROUND

READING

PERFORMING

CATCHING THE BUS

SELLING

FILMING

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

TOURING AROUND

MEETING SOMEONE

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE

TOURING AROUND

SHOPPING

MEETING SOMEONE

CATCHING THE BUS

FINDING YOUR WAY

WAITING FOR TRAIN

ON THE TRAIN

WAITING FOR TRAIN

BUYING A TICKET

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

WAITING FOR TRAIN

MEETING SOMEONE

TAKING SELFIES

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

1 LONDON PAVILION

2 CRITERION BUILDING

Grade II Listed Building Architect: James Ebenezer Saunders & WATCHING A PERFORMANCE Robert Worley 1859 - Music Hall & Delectable Museum of Anatomy 3 Built 1885 1885 - London Pavilion Theatre - music hall 1934 - Structural Alteration to cinema 4 1986 - Gutted Interior to shopping Arcade 2018 - Proposals to Museusm

Grade II Listed 1874 - Thomas Verity designed Long Bar PASSING TIME

READING

JERMYN STREET Underground Theatre

THE STING Underground connection to the tube ticket hall.

5 HOTEL CAFE ROYAL /

RETAIL

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

THE QUADRANT

Regent Street Conservation Area ON THE TRAIN WALKING BY Grade II Listed Building 1819 - Built 1865 - Cafe Royal opened as the most successful French Resturant, Billiard room in basement, Key Social Space.

1900 - County Office 1928 - Rebuilt

CULTURE

TOURING AROUND

RESTAURANT

PUBLIC EVENT

PASSING TIME

6 REGENT PLACE HOTEL

1916 - Constructed WATCHING A PERFORMANCE PASSING TIME 1930 - Underground Restaurant and Bar WAITING FOR TRAIN

7

OFFICE

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

BUYING A TICKET

NO.4-6 GLASSHOUSE ST Grade II Listed, Soho Conservation Area 1910 - Built as London County & Westminster Restaurant ASKING FOR DIRECTIONBank (GF), Chinese LOOKING FOR DIRECTION (1F), Baroque Facade 2017 - Mixed used Redevelopment ASKING FOR DIRECTION

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

SITTING AROUND

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

TAKING SELFIES

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE

ON THE PHONE

SITTING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

ON THE TRAIN

ON THE TRAIN

FINDING YOUR WAY

SITTING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

MEETING SOMEONE

FINDING YOUR WAY

WALKING BY ASKING FOR DIRECTION

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

SHOPPING

CATCHING THE BUS

FILMING

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

SHOPPING

FILMING

HOTEL

PASSING TIME

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

READING

BUYING A TICKET

BUYING A TICKET

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

ON THE PHONE

READING

WALKING BY

8 LONDON TROCADERO

GRADE II Listed, Soho Conservation Area READING WALKING BY 1896 - Restaurant - Argyll Rooms: Wealthy RUNNING FOR A TRAIN Men hired Prostitues WWI: Concert Tea - Serving Tea with full concert program in Empire Hall 1984 -Exhibition and Entertainment Complex - 42000m leisure space (Drop Ride) 1997 - Pepsi IMAX cinemaPUBLIC : UK’s TOURING AROUND EVENT first 3D IMAX Cinema.

2014 - Pod Hotel conversion : 583 pod rooms TOURING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

WALKING BY

PICCADILLY CIRCUS - ABOVE GROUND A calogue of the different activities that takes place at Piccadily Circus to inform the program of the typology of spaces needed. Piccadilly Circus has a rich

31

PERFORMING

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

SHOPPING

CATCHING THE BUS

FINDING YOUR WAY

SELLING

MEETING SOMEONE

SHOPPING

MEETING SOMEONE

TAKING SELFIES

CATCHING THE BUS

WAITING FOR TRAIN

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

WAITING FOR TRAIN

SELLING

BUYING A TICKET

PERFORMING

FILMING

SELLING

TAKING SELFIES

READING

WAITING FOR TRAIN

BUYING A TICKET

FOR DIRECTION LOOKING ATASKING BILLBOARDS

READING

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

TOURING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

CATCHING THE BUS

SHOPPING

FINDING YOUR WAY

CATCHING THE BUS

SELLING

FINDING YOUR WAY

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

PASSING TIME

READING

MEETING SOMEONE

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

TAKING SELFIES

MEETING SOMEONE

WALKING BY

SITTING AROUND

TOURING AROUND

CATCHING THE BUS

FINDING YOUR WAY

SITTING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

ASKING FOR DIRECTION WAITING FOR SOMEONE

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

SITTING AROUND

SHOPPING

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

FILMING

WALKING BY

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE SHOPPING

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

PERFORMING

PASSING TIME

ON THE PHONE

WALKING BY

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

FILMING

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

SITTING AROUND

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

MEETING SOMEONE

PASSING TIME

ON THE TRAIN PERFORMING

FINDING YOUR WAY

BUYING A TICKET

ON THE PHONE

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

ON THE TRAIN

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

ON THE PHONE

SITTING AROUND

ON THE TRAIN

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

FILMING

TAKING SELFIES

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

3

TOURING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

ON THE PHONE

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE

4

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

MEETING SOMEONE

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE

WAITING FOR TRAIN

BUYING A TICKET

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

PASSING TIME

READING

WALKING BY

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

TOURING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

2 1

5 ON THE TRAIN

WAITING FOR TRAIN

ON THE TRAIN

BUYING A TICKET

WAITING FOR TRAIN

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

7

BUYING A TICKET

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN ON THE TRAIN

6 8 WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

PASSING TIME

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

READING

PASSING TIME

WALKING BY

READING

WALKING BY WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

PERFORMING

PERFORMING SELLING

PERFORMING

SELLING

9

SELLING FILMING

FILMING LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

FILMING

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

12 ASKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

SHOPPING

13

10

TOURING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

TOURING AROUND

SHOPPING CATCHING THE BUS

PUBLIC EVENT

CATCHING THE BUS FINDING YOUR WAY

11 FINDING YOUR WAY SITTING AROUND

PERFORMING SHOPPINGPERFORMING

CATCHING THE BUS SELLING

FINDING YOUR WAY FILMING

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

WAITING FOR SOMEONE MEETING SOMEONE

MEETING SOMEONE TAKING SELFIES

WAITING FOR SOMEONE SHOPPING

MEETING SOMEONE CATCHING THE BUS

TAKING SELFIES FINDING YOUR WAY

ON THE TRAIN WAITING FOR TRAIN

WAITING FOR TRAIN BUYING A TICKET

ON THE TRAIN FOR SOMEONE WAITING

WAITING FOR TRAIN SOMEONE MEETING

BUYING A TICKET TAKING SELFIES

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE PASSING TIME

TAKING SELFIES ON THE PHONE

PASSINGWAITING TIME FOR TRAIN

PASSING TIME READING

READING BUYING A TICKET

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

CATCHING THE BUS

FINDING YOUR WAY

SITTING AROUND

ON THE PHONE

ON THE PHONE SITTING AROUND

BUYING A TICKET RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

MEETING SOMEONE

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE

RUNNING FOR TRAIN ONATHE PHONE

READING WALKING BY

ON THE TRAIN WATCHING A PERFORMANCE ON THE TRAIN

FILMING

SITTINGLOOKING AROUNDAT BILLBOARDS

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

SITTING AROUND

SELLING

SHOPPING

ON THE TRAIN

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

WALKING BY

WAITING FOR TRAIN

BUYING A TICKET

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

WALKING BY RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

1 -0.5M DATA& POWER CABLES 2 -1M WATER PIPES 3 -4M SEWERS 4 STAIRS TO SURFACE LEVEL 5 -5M UNDERGROUND CONNECTION TO BASEMENT

ASKING FOR DIRECTION LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION TOURING AROUND

TOURING AROUND PUBLIC EVENT

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE ASKING FOR DIRECTION WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION PASSING TIME

TOURING AROUND READING

PASSING TIME

PUBLIC EVENT

READING

WALKING BY

TOURING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

PUBLIC EVENT WALKING BY

6 -5M TICKET HALL 7 CONTROL ROOM AND OFFICE 8 -7M MECHANICS FLOOR 9 FIRE ESCAPE STAIRS 10 -16M LOWER CONCOURSE 11 -19M BAKERLOO LINE PLATFORMS

ASKING FOR DIRECTION ASKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

TOURING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

12 -22M LOWER CONCOURSE II 13 -25M PICCADILLY LINE PLATFORMS

PICCADILLY CIRCUS - UNDER GROUND A calogue of the different activities that takes place in the tube station and a study of the different cables and infrastructure underground.

32

PICCADILLY STATION, the hub of London’s vast Undergound railway system, is one of the busiest points in the whole network. It holds the record as the only station in the world with as many as eleven escalators.

On each of the tubes whoese tracks cross here, the frequency of service in the ‘‘rush’’ hours rises to forty trains an hour on each line of metals.

The station is planned on modern, entirely sub-surface, lines, with batteries of electrically-operated ticket machiens, automatic bookingoffice, equipment, triple escalator and every device to expedite the flow of passengers.

PICCADILLY CIRCUS A drawing of London Piccadilly, Douglas MacPherson 1928 The drawing reveals the complexity of Piccadilly Circus underground and potential spaces for use.

33

PICCADILLY CIRCUS STATION A 3D model of Piccadilly Circus Station to understand the relationship between current underground and aboveground structures as well as the elements of the station

34

SPATIAL OPPORTUNITIES Visualisations of existing underground spatial opportunities between street level and the tube, speculating the basement extensions creating an architectural iceberg.

35

NIGHT SCENE

1969 1983 2012

LONDON FESTIVAL

2017

NEW BILLBOARD

1990

TRAFFIC CENTRE

REBUILDING OF PICCADDILLY STATION

1928 1945

VE DAY CELEBRATION FIRST ELECTRIC ADVERTISMENTS BUILT

1940 1950

LONDON TUBE BUILT

1953

PICCADILLY HALL , SELLING PICCADILLS

1626 1856

CIRCUS LOSES THE CIRCLE DUE TO SHAFTESBURY AVNUE FIRST ELECTRIC ADVERTISMENTS BUILT

ANTEROS STATUE BUILT

1906

LONDON TUBE BUILT

1910

1890

1819

NAMED ‘PICCADILLY CIRCUS’

‘PICADILLY CIRCUS, MORE THAN ANYWHERE ELSE IN THE COUNTRY, IS A PLACE FOR THE PEOPLE. IT IS NOT, FIRST OF ALL, A TRAFFIC JUNCTION NOR AN OFFICE CENTRE. IT IS SOMEWHERE PEOPLE GO TO WANDER ABOUT, GAWP AND GOSSIP, AND GENERALLY AMUSE THEMSELVES. THOSE WHO HAVE DRAWN SUCCESSIVE PLANS FOR ITS REDEVELOPMENT HAVE FAILED TO UNDERSTAND ITS REAL NATURE, AND, ONE AFTER THE OTHER THEIR EFFORTS HAVE BEEN LAUGHED TO SCORN.’ - THE OBSERVER, 1973

A HISTORY OF PICCADILLY CIRCUS

36

Piccadilly Circus is the icon and node of London, a place where not just traffic intersects but where people meet. It is often said that if you stay there long enough, you will meet everyone you know

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HOW LONDONERS TRAVELS

1%

1%

1%

2%

11%

12%

21%

21%

31%

TAXI

DLR

MOTORBIKE

CYCLE

RAIL

UNDERGROUND

WALK

BUS

DRIVE

PASSENGER COUNT Piccadilly Circus was the 12th busiest station in 2016 with 41 million passengers.

It was the largest tube station in 1928, built for the capacity of 50 million passnegers. The chart shows the daily entry/exits - illustrating the busiest times of the day and week.

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PERFORMING

SELLING

FILMING

LOOKING AT BILLBOARDS

SHOPPING

CATCHING THE BUS

FINDING YOUR WAY

SITTING AROUND

WAITING FOR SOMEONE

MEETING SOMEONE

TAKING SELFIES

ON THE PHONE

ON THE TRAIN

WAITING FOR TRAIN

BUYING A TICKET

RUNNING FOR A TRAIN

WATCHING A PERFORMANCE

PASSING TIME

READING

WALKING BY

ASKING FOR DIRECTION

LOOKING FOR DIRECTION

TOURING AROUND

PUBLIC EVENT

PICCADILLY CIRCUS, A PLACE FOR ALL A calogue of the different activities that takes place at Piccadily Circus to inform the program of the typology of spaces needed.

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PICCADILLY LIGHTS

REGENTSTREET

SHOPS

MARBLE ARCH

ST, JAMES PARK

RESTAURANTS

PICCADILLY

REGENT STREETST. JAMES

BRASSERIE CRITERION OPEN MUSIC THEATRE ZEDEL STAGE

CLOSED MUSIC STAGE

CLOSED MUSIC STAGE

CLOSED MUSIC STAGE

SHAFTESBURY AVENUE

CHINATOWN

STREETLEVEL

COVENTRYSTREET

LECEISTER SQUARE

RING

HAYMARKET

THEATRES

EXISTING BASEMENT

MUSIC SPACES

PRODUCTION STUDIO

PRODUCTION STUDIO

OPEN MUSIC STAGE

OPEN MUSIC STAGE

OPEN MUSIC STAGE POP UP STORES

ST, JAMES PARK

THEATRE TICKETS

MAIN PLAZA

CASH POINT

THEATRES

ANTIEROS STATUE

TICKET MACHINES SEATING

PROTEST SPACE

TICKET HALL

MAPS

NOTICE BOARD

INFO POINT

ASSISTANT POINT

GATES

CONTROL ROOM

ADVERTISMENTS

SECURITY ROOM

BUSKING

GREEN ROOM

TOILETS /CHANGING ROOM

E&M

STREET LEVEL

SEATING

The site is a central node of London connecting to four districts, and significantly, joining Regents Street to Lecister Square and Theatreland.

CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE The new music venue will attract production studios to relocate into the extended basements, creating a hub for music production at Piccadilly Circus.

PUBLIC SPACE The excavation will also create new public space, restoring Piccadilly Circus as a place for people rather than a traffic junction.

TUBE STATION The tube station wil be expanded to accomodate for the high flow of people and celebrate the London Underground.

OXFORDCIRCUS BAKERLOO LINENORTH BOUND

LECEISTER SQUARE PICCADILLY LINENORTH BOUND

PEDESTRIAN COUNT CHARINGCROSS

GREEN PARK

BAKERLOO LINESOUTH BOUND

STAFF

PICCADILLY LINESOUTH BOUND

VISITOR

An analysis of the pedestrian count to understand the amount of people using this space and how it is occupied. The pedestrian flow increase through the day, peaking from 5-8pm presumably as people finish work and go to restaurants, and at 11pm after theatre show ends.

MUSICIAN

PROGRAM Mapping out the different spaces required in the project and their connections.

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SHERWOOD STREET

GLASSHOUSE STREET

0M -5M -12M -19M

GLASSHOUSE STREET

0M -5M -12M -19M

REGENT STREET

0M -5M -12M -19M

REGENT STREET

0M -5M -12M -19M

0M -5M -12M -19M

PICCADILLY STREET

0M -5M -12M -19M

PICCADILLY STREET

0M -5M -12M -19M

Existing Facade Existing Columns Existing Opennings

Ground Level Existing Basement Potential Extension

FACADE STUDY

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A facade study to understand the proportions between opennings and solids and the structure of the existing bulildings above ground. Leading to an exploration of the potentials of continuing the underground excavation.

N 0°

330°

30°

300°

60°

W 270°

90° E SUMMER SOLSTICE

EQUINOX

240°

120°

WINTER SOLSTICE

210°

150°

180° S

< 2 hrs

< 5hrs

< 8 hrs

< 11 hrs

< 14 hrs

< 17 hrs

SOLAR STUDY SCALE 1 : 1000 A solar analysis of the sight to understand where and how much sunlight reaches the ground level of Piccadilly Circus with its current urban fabric to determine where to intervene.

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< 50-55dB

55 - 75 dB

> 75 dB

ACOUSTIC STUDY SCALE 1 : 1000

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A solar and acoustic analysis of the sight to understand where and how much sunlight reaches the ground level of Piccadilly Circus with its current urban fabric to determine where to intervene.

EXPLORATIVE DRAWING A drawing exploring the expressions of an underground space.

Trying to show the depth of the space and its connection to neighbouring buildings.

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‘ICEBERG BASEMENT’ A short section to show the spatial language of the excavation, exploring the concept of ‘iceberg basement’ within Piccadilly Circus.

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I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

ITERATIONS Initial models exploring the site, form and potential arrangement of spaces.

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VIEW FROM REGENTS STREET

PLAZA LEVEL AT -19M

VIEW FROM REGENTS STREET AT -5M

OPEN PLAZA SPACE

BAKERLOO LINE PLATFORM

BAKERLOO LINE PLATFORM

PICCADILLY LINE PLATFORM

LIGHTING QUALITIES These drawings explore the key lighting qualities and environment within the excavation.

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INSIDE THE RE

AERIAL PERSEPCTIVE VIEW ENTERING FROM COVENTRY ST

SEMI ENCLOSED PERFORMANCE POD AT -5M

PLAZA LEVEL

PICCADILLY LINE AT -30M

KEY SPACES A collection of initial drawings showing the key spaces of the project.

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1

DEGENERATED PICCADILLY

2

Piccadilly Circus, an icon of London, has been overtaken by cheap tourist shops, occupying vaulable listed buildings ina central node.

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PUBLIC BASEMENT

NEW CIRCULATION

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PUBLIC SQUARE The basement level will become a new public square.

RETAINING STRUCTURE

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6

NEW URBAN SPACE The excavation provides new urban space.

NEW TICKET HALL The east end of the site will become a new ticket hall, providing a more direct and shortened route to the platform.

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MUSIC VENUES The new urban space provides multiple music venues for buskers,.

BUILDING GENESIS An overview of the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s development.

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PEDESTRIANALISATION The project speculates the pedestrianlisation of London, providing new walkwys.

Central to the project is a new retaining structure to support the surrounding basments from collapsing.

The retaining structure will be optimised with supporting beams that double act as circulation to the surrounding basement activities.

9

3

In light of tight urban spaces, iceberg buildings have become a trend as building extend their basements.

This project proposes the extension of urban space underground, excavating the made ground above the deep level tubes.

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BASEMENT EXTENSIONS

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CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE The basement level will become a new public square.

0M

-5M

-12M

-19M

High Stress

Med Stress

Low Stress

STRUCTURAL OPTIMISATION The perimeter of the site was put into Millipede, a Grasshopper plug in, to understand the load paths. The retaining structures design were informed by the generated load paths

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I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

XIII

XIV

XV

ITERATION OF RINGS

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A collection of design for the ring, exploring how it could be designed to perform as a retaining structure working in compression whilst being an occupiable space with opennings and circulation routes.

0M

OUTER RING INNER RING The rings work in compression to retain the ground forces.

-5M OUTER RING INNER RING

-12M STRUCTURAL WEB OF BEAMS

-19M BEAMS STRUCTURAL WEB OF BEAMS

DIAPHRAGM WALLS

SECANT PILE WALLS

EXTENSION OF COLUMNS

EXISTING STRUCTURE NEW STRUCTURE

1:2000

0m

-12m

High Stress Med Stress Low Stress

PLANAR ANALYSIS OF LOAD

-5m

-19M

The perimeter of the site was put into Millipede, a Grasshopper plug in, to understand the load paths.

The retaining structures design were informed by the generated load paths

STRUCTURAL OPTIMISATION The excavated space will require an intensive structural strategy to retain the extended basements. The vertical and horizontal load paths were studies to develop an optimised structural system connecting the exisiting basements and newly excavated space.

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RADIO 300m2 The Cafe and Bar will be integrated with a radio station, the new headquarters for SOHO Radio, broadcasting the music recorded at this station.

BAR 300m2 A cafe/bar is situated inside the ring, accomodating for the coffee and drinking culture in London during the day / night respectiely

OPEN PODS 2204m2 The open pods are public busking spots, also acting as spaces where people can sit and rest.

CLOSED PODS 2248m2 Closed are located directly beneath the open pods, with the form of the open pods creating an acoustic shell for the performances in the closed Pods.

POP UP VENUES 669m2 Piccadilly Circus is often a place where people gather with pop up shops as ice creem stores or flower shops. These pop up venues will provide the space for these activities to continue to occur

PUBLIC SQUARE 3990m2 New public square is created at the basement level of the excavation, accomodating for the public protests/ gatherings/ celebrations that Piccadilly Circus attracts.

Existing: 2000m2 of public â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;spaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; formed by the road islands currently.

EXTENDED PLATFORMS 2422m2 The platforms are often congested currently with the mere 2.5m of platform width. These will be widened to create a continuous spacce and direct routes between spaces.

BOH 267m2 Back of house space for the performers and music venues and public toilets.

UG STAFF OFFICE

TICKET HALL

235m2 Staff office incluses their control room and pantry, green room.

Existing: 20m2

267m2 Back of house space for the perfoers and music venues.

MASSING A study of architectural history to identify the pioneering moments.

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THE NEW UNDERGROUND

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Low Stress

Med Stress

High Stress

LIGHTING STUDY

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One of the greatest concern and challenges of underground space is the lack of natural lighting. Lighting tests were conducted to better understand the lighting conditions and thus programmatic allocation on site and throughout the day.

Open Sound

Covered Sounds

Interior Sounds

PIONEERING MOMENTS I The project is extremely sensitive to the acoustics of the space being situated in a tight knit urban fabric with alot of exist. This is an initial analysis of the different sound sources and their interaction

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OPEN POD As there is no shelter above the performing space, sound is projected omni directional, such that people in the proximity will be able to hear music. This creates an informal busking space.

COVERED POD Whilst there is no enclosure, the performance and seating space is sheltered by the pod above, allowing the installation of acoustic panels to absorb the sound and reducing reverberation time. This provides a more controlled atmosphere of sound, and clash less with neighobouring sounds.

CLOSED POD The acoustic panel is absorved by the acoustic panels installed in the ceilng cladding and the acoustic insulation installed inflooring.

ACOUSTIC

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Sound control is essential in the success of this space - the dampening of unwanted background noises and amplification of music. The music pods are key elements to the acoustic control of the project.

Outer Ring beam

Underpinning column

New Glass facade allowing light in and out

Existing Portland Stone Clad Exposed Brick Column

Encased Steel Bar & Reinforcements

New walkways and entrance to building

BASEMENT EXTENSION The new architecture weaves in and out of the existing listed building, exposing elements of the existing structure, meeting but not touching, and underpined by new concrete columns This details studies the joint between the ring beam at the Grade II Listed Old County Fire building.

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1

STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADE

LED Strip light fixture Steel Re-bars

800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete 150mm Concrete Composite concrete floor slab

LED STRIP LIGHT FIXTURE UNDER SLAB

600mm X 200mm Secondary I-beams with circular opennings allowing for a cablce pipe and services to run

2

PERFORMANCE DECK Prefabricated Fbre Concrete decks.

Reinforced

Rain gutter concealed under steps.

Waterproofing membrane.

3

OUTER RING BEAM 800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete

4

STEEL GRID A grid of composite secondary beams that is the centre of the pod strcture, dictating the form and supporting the load from seating and the services below.

5

CEILING SERVICES

Continuous Ribs & distribution ducts

Glass Reinforced Concrete panels with micro perforation

Ceiling lights ans epakers suspened from grooves of steel deck

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC OF NESTED POD I

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An analysis of the different elements an integration of structure and services.

OPEN WALKWAY A scenic walkway is created on the top of the ring.

Concealed LED Light fixture Composite Conrete Floor Cross Brace Steel Cable Service pipes and cables Small beams supporting panels Acoustic Panel GRC Panel

RING BEAM The perspective view demonstrates the concealed services within

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EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC OF RING BEAM AN EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC EXPOSING THE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS THAT FORMS THE RING BEAM..

SCALE 1:50 COMPOSITE CONCRETE SLAB SECONDARY I BEAMS STEEL BRACKET SUPPORTING SLAB CONCRETE STRUCTURAL CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT

ACOUSTIC PANES RIBS HOLDING PANELS COMPOSITE CONCRETE SLAB STRUCTURAL GLASS

CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT ACOUSTIC PANELS HORIZONTAL I BEAMS STRUCTURAL BEAMS GRC PANEL

PIONEERING MOMENTS I A study of architectural history to identify the pioneering moments.

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STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADE

PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY

INTEGRATED

The balustrade ring continues with the outer ring beam, both a steel structure encassed in concrete for fire protection.

The beams of the ring connecting the outer to inner ring becomes a scenic pedestrian walkway. The upper walkway leading to the roof of the ring and the lower walkway into the radio and bar.

The use of a stee between the beam the structure.

HIDDEN COLUMN STRUCTURE The column structure is cladded in concrete to form a more scultupral form. The column complete the triangulated structure for the ring to act in compression to retain the basement.

COMPRESSION RING The ring works in compression, equally distributing the inward forces of the outer ring to prevent the excavation from collapsing

SIDE ELEVATION

RETAINING

The ring is a key feature of the project a collapsing due to

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Composite Concrete Slab Secondary I Beams Steel Bracket supporting slab

Concrete structural balustrade Concrete reinforcement

D SERVICES

el structure allows cables to run in ms, concealing the services within

Acoustic Panes Ribs holding panels Composite Concrete Slab Structural Glass

Concrete Reinforcement Acoustic Panels Horizontal I beams Structural Beams GRC Panel

WALKWAYS The beam is composed of three steel beams, splitting into three walkways, one acting as a ramp to go into the ring.

BACK ELEVATION

FRONT ELEVATION

RING BEAM

as it retains the massive excavation from o ground forces.

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STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADE

OPEN PERFORMANCE SPACE

The balustrade part of the outer retaining ring beam, a steel beam encassed in concrete for fire protection.

The shell shaped nested pod is a performance space for buskers at Piccadilly Circus, the steps double acting as a seating space.

It is tapered meet the end of the nested pod where the height difference is reduced to a step and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t pose as a health risk.

1 2

ACOUSTIC GRC PANELS Glass Reinforced Concrete panels with micro perforation will be used to clad the bottom of the steel structure, it is chosen for its durability as it is exposed to the climate, but also for its acoustic properties.

NESTED

The open air music pod will be expose requiring durable materials. It will also beneath, needing to b

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1 STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADE

2

1

BEAM SPANNING 7M

LED Strip light fixture

A prefabicated steel beam spanning 7m across the outer ring beam, acting as circulation and structural support to the nested pod.

Steel Re-bars 800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete 150mm Concrete Composite concrete floor slab LED Strip light fixture under slab 600mm X 200mm Secondary I-beams with circular opennings allowing for a cablce pipe and services to run

2 PERFORMANCE DECK Prefabricated Fbre Reinforced Concrete decks.

Rain gutter concealed under steps.

Waterproofing membrane.

3 OUTER RING BEAM 800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete

4 STEEL GRID A grid of composite secondary beams that is the centre of the pod strcture, dictating the form and supporting the load from seating and the services below.

5 CEILING SERVICES Continuous Ribs & distribution ducts

Glass Reinforced Concrete panels with micro perforation

4 5

Ceiling lights ans epakers suspened from grooves of steel deck

D POD

ed to varying climatic conditions, thus o be required to service the music pod be acoustically sound.

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STRUCTURAL BALUSTRADE

1

The balustrade part of the outer retaining ring beam, a steel beam encassed in concrete for fire protection.

PERFORMANCE DECK

2

The covered performance deck allows a controlled performance beyond simple busking.

SEMI ENCL

The covered music pod will be exposed t being sheltered from the rain. However, t and services to accomoda

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SHETERED PERFORMANCE SPACE The open music pod above acts as shelter for this space, allowing the site to be inhabited a range of weather conditions. It also allows a more controlled sound and light performance.

2 PERFORMANCE DECK Prefabricated Fibre Reinforced Concrete decks.

Acoustic Insulation Waterproof Membrane Rain gutter concealed under steps.

Composite Concrete Flooring on steel ribs.

1

SEATING Prefabricated Fibre Concrete decks.

Reinforced

Acoustic Insulation Waterproofing membrane.

Ribs for floor plate

LED Strip light fixture under slab

4 3 5 3 OUTER RING BEAM 800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete

4 STEEL GRID A grid of composite secondary beams that is the centre of the pod strcture, dictating the form and supporting the load from seating and the services below.

Steel plate bolted into main I-beam structure and treads.

4

5 CEILING SERVICES Acoustic Panels

Suspension wires and rib holding acoustic panels Ceiling lights ands epakers suspened from grooves of steel deck

LOSED POD

to a smaller range of climatic conditions this creates higher lighting requirements ate for the music program.

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CLOSED

The enclosed music pod will create a h more suitable for specific instrumenta adapted into a pop up space for other e glass creating a s

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EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC OF STRUCTURE An analysis of the different elements.

1 STRUCTURAL GLASS The facade is constructed with new glass technology that can support its own weight.

Aluminium receiving bracket,

Timber panels

High performance Underlay for acoustics Supporting Ribs

3 STEEL GRID FRAME A grid of composite secondary beams that is the centre of the pod strcture, dictating the form and supporting the load from seating and the services below.

4 OUTER RING BEAM 150mm composite concrete floor Steel Bracket and acoustic sealant

Steel plate bolted into main I-beam structure and treads.

800mm X 400mm I-beam encassed in concrete GRC Concrete Panels Steel ribs for panel Lighting

5 CEILING SERVICES Steel Ribs Suspension wires and rib holding acoustic panels Ceiling lights and speakers

D POD

highly controlled acoustic environment, al performances and It could also be events. It is constructed with structural seamless facade.

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DESIGN ITERATIONS

UNDERGROUND LONDON PICCADILLY CIRCUS

YAT NING (HEIDI), AU YEUNG UNIT 14

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2017-18

EXPLORATIVE DRAWING A perspective plan view to show the scheme’s urban intervention. Neighbouring streets are pedestrianlised and ramped down towards the ‘circus’. The basements of surrounding buildings are excavat ed downwards and connected to the new station.

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EXPLORATIVE DRAWING

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An initial exploration intercepting forms radiation from the center of Piccadilly Circus.

SKETCHES I Initial sketches exploring the shape of the site in plan and potential excavation lines.

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ITERATION I

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This iteration explores the canyon excavation, maximising the structural support to above ground buildings and lighting to underground spaces.

ITERATION II This iteration is an inverse canyon where each level takes a step back revealing moreunderground spaces. These drawings show the mixture of open and enclosed space that could be adopted.

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ITERATION III

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This iteration takes reference to the watch industry situated in Piccadilly Circus historically, and how that structure could be adapted into a circulation means, emphasising the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;circusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of Piccadilly.

ITERATION IV The existing road paths inform the form of the excavation. This iteration also uses the ring as a central circulation route and retaining structure.

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SKETCHES II

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Perspective sketches exploring the smaller spaces within the project and how the facade continues into the new excavation.

ITERATION V This iteration speculates on the pedestrianalisation of the roads on site, allowing ramps to lead downwards into the excavation. The form is extracted from the boundaries of the existing buildings on site.

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ITERATION VI

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A perspective plan view to show the scheme’s urban intervention. Neighbouring streets are pedestrianlised and ramped down towards the ‘circus’. The basements of surrounding buildings are excavat ed downwards and connected to the new station.

ITERATION VII An exploration of how the space could be broken up following the form of the existing urban fabric, joined toether by the central ring.

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ITERATION VIII

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Exploring how the ring may act as a retaining structure to the surrounding basements and their contact points.

ITERATION IX Exploration of the ringâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s form and vertical support - highlighted as the pink elements in the drawing.

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ITERATION X A development of the form of the ring and its relationship with the excavation.

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ITERATION XI Taking inspiration from the micro structure of shells, this iteration looks at how the whole excavation maybe supported by a system of beams with the ring at the centre. This also allows spaces to be nested within the structure.

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ITERATION XII

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Lateral support is required approximately at every 7m - this iteration is a development of the layers of structure retaining the excavation, freeing up space inbetween layers for activity.

SKETCHES III Further development of the plan, finding a structural form that acts as both a retaining structure, and circulation route.

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ITERATION XIII

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A further development of the retaining structure. The series of initial renderings explores the spatial qualities of the project at different time of day, in context of the tight urban fabric.

ITERATION XIV A further development of the design - understanding the space between the retaining structure to identify locations where program maybe nested.

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ITERATION XV A series of renderings exploring the space during day time.

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ITERATION XVI Musical pods are nested into the retaining structure, creating spaces for informal performances and recording.

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SKETCHES IV A series of sketches exploring the detailing and technical aspects of the design.

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ITERATION XVII Further exploration of the different spaces and lighting qualities in the project.

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0M

-5M

-12M

ITERATION XVIII An initial short section through the site and a series of initial plans.

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-19M

ITERATION XIX A series of views revealing the key spaces in the design.

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ITERATION XX A series of views revealing the key spaces in the design.

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ITERATION XXI A series of views revealing the key spaces in the design.

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All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Maggie Lan www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2018 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

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UNIT @unit14_ucl

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P I O N E E R I N G S E N T I M E N T

2018

At the centre of Unit 14’s academic exploration lies Buckminster Fuller’s ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’, a master-builder that follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal of the designer as somebody who is capable of comprehending the ‘integrateable significance’ of specialised findings and is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of these discoveries while not disappearing into a career of expertise.

Like Fuller, we are opportunists in search of new ideas and their benefits via architectural synthesis.

As such Unit 14 is a test bed for exploration and innovation, examining the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. We are in search of the new, leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital as well as physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation with a research-driven core, generating momentum through astute synthesis.

Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and through the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, generates new and unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals. They are beautiful because of their intelligence - extraordinary findings and the artful integration of those into architecture.

This year’s UNIT 14 focus shifts onto examining moments of pioneering sentiment. We find out about how human endeavor, deep desire and visionary thought interrelate and advance cultural as well as technological means while driving civilisation as highly developed organisation. Supported by competent research we search for the depicted pioneering sentiment and amplify found nuclei into imaginative tales with architectural visions fuelled by speculation.

The underlying principle and observation of our investigations is that futurist speculation inspires and ultimately brings about significant change. A prominent thinker is the Californian Syd Mead who envisages and has scripted a holistic vision of the future with his designs and paintings.

As universal as our commitment and thoughts is our testbed and territory for our investigations and proposals. Possible sites are as such global or specific to our visits, as much as the individual investigations suggest and opportunities arrive. Unit 14 is supported by a working relationship with innovators across design. We engage specialists, but remain generalists, synthesising knowledge towards novel ways of thinking, making and communicating architecture.

UNIT 14 @unit14_ucl

All work produced by Unit 14 Unit book design by Maggie Lan www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture Copyright 2018 The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.