Scholars' Day 2014

Welcome to the University of Mary HardinBaylor’s Sixth Annual Scholars’ Day. Sponsored by the College of Sciences, Scholars’ Day showcases outstanding undergraduate and graduate research that has taken place on the UMHB campus during the academic year.

Over 70 UMHB students have contributed to this year’s presentations. We hope you enjoy meeting with them today and learning about their exciting research. Please fill out a feedback survey and tell us how we can make Scholars’ Day even better next year. (Completing the survey also enters you to win one of three $100 Amazon gift cards!)

Thanks for being a part of this important academic event!

*Cover art designed by David Sulsh, a graduate of UMHB’s Department of Biology.

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SCHOLARS’ DAY GUEST SPEAKER 11:00 AM (Brindley Auditorium, York Science Bldg)

“The Community Research Center for Senior Health” Alan B. Stevens, Ph.D., holds the Vernon D. Holleman-Lewis M. Rampy Centennial Chair in Gerontology at Scott & White Healthcare and is a Professor of Medicine and Public Health at the Texas A&M University System Health Science Center.

He serves as the Director of the Center for Applied Health Research (CAHR), a joint endeavor of Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M College of Medicine and the Central Texas Veterans Health Care System. CAHR conducts and facilitates collaborative projects in the areas of translational and outcomes research.

Dr. Stevens also heads the Program on Aging and Care, which develops and implements evidence-based clinical interventions for older adults and their caregivers, and he is the Director of the NIH-funded Community Research Center for Senior Health.

In the Spring of 2012, Dr. Stevens was appointed for a three year term to the Board of Directors of the Texas Institute for Health Care Quality and Efficiency. Dr. Stevens completed his graduate training at the University of New Orleans, earning a Masters degree and a Doctorate of Philosophy in Applied Developmental Psychology. Prior to joining Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M in 2005, he was an Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

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VISUAL ARTS Artists present from 1:30-2:30 PM (Baugh Center for the Visual Arts) Title: Senior Art Exhibition Description: Four art majors will exhibit artworks exploring an enduring idea of what each artist thinks is relevant and important to the world and to them personally. Chance Alvis and Julia Theesfeld will display a graphic design based series of posters created digitally. Kaylee Glawe and Jamie Stephens will present paintings which are deeply personal and filled with symbolic meaning in a poetic sense. Artists will be in the gallery at the Baugh Center for the Visual Arts on April 28 from 1:30 – 2:30 to greet visitors and discuss their work. (Artists: Chance Alvis, Julia Theesfeld, Kaylee Glawe, Jamie Stephens; Faculty Sponsor: Hershall Seals)

POSTER SESSION 1:30-3:30 PM (Lord Conference Room in PAC) #1 — Comparison of the Effects of Marijuana Legalization Abstract: Our project is a comparison of the varying versions of the legalization of marijuana in Canada, the Netherlands and Australia and its possible effects on the United States rulings. Based on our analysis, we predict that legalization in the United States will lead to an increase in marijuana use by youth and ultimately stimulate the U.S. economy. (Authors: Kourtnie Kroll, Elizabeth Valcin; Faculty Sponsor: Cecilia Erlund) #2 — Effects of Patients' Expectations on Rehabilitation in Physical Therapy Abstract: Physical therapists see individuals with a wide spectrum of injuries.

Individuals who seek out rehabilitation come in with certain expectations on how physical therapy will affect them. Our research involves evaluating the impact of these expectations. We are seeking to find the effect patients’ expectations have on their rehabilitation outcome. (Authors: Stephanie Harris, Kristen McCraw; Faculty Sponsor: Cecilia Erlund) #3 — Analysis of the Purity of Water by Varying Water Bottle Brands Abstract: Water from various water bottle brands was boiled off and the remaining material was weighed in order to determine how pure the water truly was. It was found that most water bottle brands were not as pure as they promised and a few actually did live up to the promise. Samples of distilled water, along with hard and soft water, were also taken as a form of comparison. (Author: Isaac Barnhill; Faculty Sponsor: Joy Ahlgren-Beckendorf) 4

#4 — Factors Influencing Post-harvest Yellowing of Rice Abstract: Rice undergoes a process, termed post-harvest yellowing (PHY), in which the rice turns yellow during storage. This research is designed to test what affects PHY. The factors that will be investigated are the presence of water, the effects of rinsing rice with ethanol, and the effects of oxidative/ reducing environments. (Author: Patrick Prazak; Faculty Sponsor: Joy Ahlgren -Beckendorf) #5 — Examining the Effects of an Irritation on Text Message Interpretation Abstract: This study examined the effects of an irritant on the interpretation of text messages. We hypothesized that the group exposed to the irritant would have a more aggravated interpretation than the control group. The irritated group had a greater misinterpretation than the control group. Authors: Heather Glover, Joy Zhang, Algin Poteet, Alycia Jones; Faculty Sponsor: Trent Terrell) #6 — Viscosity of Liquid Amine and Ketone Mixtures Abstract: This study explores the viscosity of amine and ketone mixtures at various concentrations in order to understand patterns of intermolecular forces. The data provide a basic model for understanding the amine and ketone groups involved in DNA base pairing. (Author: Matthew Cranford; Faculty Sponsor: Ruth Ann Murphy) #7 — Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Chemical Demonstrations Abstract: CHEM 4190 is an independent study course offered by Dr. Darrell Watson, which allows students an opportunity to develop and perform various chemical demonstrations. This study evaluates the effectiveness of such demonstrations on elementary students' interest, awareness, and basic understanding of science. (Author: Matthew Cranford; Faculty Sponsor: Ruth Ann Murphy) #8 — Tracheostomy Safety in Children Abstract: For our S2 Capstone project, we studied children with tracheostomies on a pediatric medical-surgical unit and the importance of protecting their fragile airways. We recommended that emergency tracheostomy bags be pre-made and available at the bedside to enhance airway safety and improve convenience for nurses caring for these patients. (Authors: Amy Kester, Carolyn Rice; Faculty Sponsor: Kathy Long) #9 — Analysis of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Breakdown Using PropionateResistant Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Abstract: Propionate is involved in a metabolic pathway to break down branched-chain amino acids. From ~100,000 seedlings grown on propionate, I 5

isolated 3 putative mutants with abnormally robust root growth. These findings could reveal features of the breakdown of essential amino acids in humans and improve human nutrition. (Author: Heath Spencer; Faculty Sponsor: Andy Woodward) #10 — Variants to Watering Grass and Their Impact on Grass Growth Abstract: The use of multiple solutions will be examined to determine the optimal solution to facilitate the fastest growth of a common grass species.

The effects of no watering, watering with milk, distilled water, tap water, Coca -Cola, and apple juice will be compared. (Author: Collin Davies; Faculty Sponsor: Joy Ahlgren-Beckendorf)

#11 — The Examination of Fuel Moisture Content of Texas Wintergrass by Portable Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Abstract: The use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy was explored as a means to identify the fuel moisture content of Texas Wintergrass to aid in the prevention and prediction of grass fires. (Author: Collin Davies; Faculty Sponsor: Ruth Ann Murphy) #12 — The Effect of Rewards on Motivation and Accuracy Abstract: This experiment was conducted using a small sample of 16 college students to predict the effect of a reward (we used pizza) on reaction time and accuracy by having them take a short math test. We found that there wasn’t a great difference; the control group and the test group appeared to have the same reaction times. (Authors: Allyson Kitzman, Alex Chester; Faculty Sponsor: Trent Terrell) #13 — Isolation and Characterization of the Imported Red Fire Ant Normal Gut Microbiota Abstract: This study describes the isolation and characterization of normal gut microbes harbored by Imported Red Fire Ants. Nine unique isolates were cultured and characterized. Isolates were characterized using colony morphology, antibiotic sensitivity, and PCR analysis of the 16s rDNA sequences. This data and subsequent steps are described in this presentation. (Author: Malintha Abeysiri; Faculty Sponsor: Greg Frederick) #14 — Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact on Dedicated and Bi-fuel Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles Abstract: A complete well-to-wheel life cycle analysis was used to evaluate the energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emission of both dedicated and bifuel compressed natural gas vehicles. Data from this research helps to identify an alternative fuel for conventional gasoline with more efficiency and less emission. (Author: Malintha Abeysiri; Faculty Sponsor: Lin Gao) 6

#15 — Effects of Two Different Resistance Training Protocols on Strength and Body Composition in Older Females Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of 4-weeks of resistance training utilizing either a traditional periodization program or an autorgegulatory progressive resistance training protocol on body composition, muscular strength, and muscular endurance in older females. (Authors: Matt Stone; Faculty Sponsor: Brian Brabham) #16 — Investigating Essential Amino Acid Metabolism Using Isobutyric AcidResistant Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Abstract: Arabidopsis thaliana seeds were screened for putative isobutyric acid resistant mutants (ISA). In the next generation, I verified four mutant lines to be heritably resistant to isobutyric acid. We will use these findings and putative mutants to further study the metabolism and toxicity of isobutyrate in Arabidopsis. (Author: Erica Richardson; Faculty Sponsor: Andy Woodward) #17 — Tape Adhesion Strength Abstract: This research is to determine the adhesive strength of several common types of adhesive tape including Duct tape and Gorilla tape. Measurements will be taken and the pounds of force per square inch needed to break the adhesive bond between the tape and a smooth ceramic tile calculated.

(Author: Cassandra Jessup; Faculty Sponsor: Joy Ahlgren-Beckendorf) #18 — Alcohol Viscosity Series Abstract: This research is to establish the correlation between the size, length of the molecular structure and the viscosity of select straight chain carbon compounds with an alcohol group on the first carbon in the chain. The compounds’ viscosities were determined using an Ostwald viscometer. (Author: Cassandra Jessup; Faculty Sponsor: Ruth Ann Murphy) #19 — Effects of Positive Priming on Trivia Performance Abstract: The tendency for non-conscious memories to enhance future performance is known as priming. We hypothesized that positively priming our experimental group would cause them to outperform a non-primed group on a trivia test. While the primed group did perform better, the results were not statistically significant. (Authors: Danielle Manzella, Renee Sharper, Anthony Ramirez, Malorie Davis; Faculty Sponsor: Trent Terrell) #20 — Teachers Answer the Question of What Made Them Stay: A Phenomenological Study Abstract: Much of the research on teacher retention focuses on the negative reasons why teachers leave the profession. However, many teachers do remain in the profession for their careers. Veteran teachers are a phenomenon 7

in education, and the focus of this study is why teachers choose to remain in the classroom. (Author: Sarah Coy; Faculty Sponsors: Christie Bledsoe, Marlene Zipperlen, Robert Rose) #21 — Effects of Spirituality on Hope, Subjective Happiness, Satisfaction of Life, and Meaning of Life Abstract: This study sought to discover any effects of spirituality on several aspects of life using survey-based methods. The data indicates that there is a correlation between spiritual practices and faith on satisfaction with life, meaning of life, hope, and subjective happiness. (Author: Nathan Rusu; Faculty Sponsor: Trent Terrell)

#22 — Project HEARTBEAT: A Study Assessing Secondary School Faculty Awareness of Homeless Student Programs Abstract: This exploratory, descriptive study examines the level of awareness of the mandated program for homeless students by secondary public school teachers. Survey findings indicate generally good levels of awareness but a need for better communication between the program and teachers. Implications for the homeless student program and campus are discussed. (Authors: Allison Kelley, Shirmira Brandiburg, Melissa Gammage; Faculty Sponsor: Isaac Gusukuma) #23 — Bedside Prayer Can Make a Difference in Patient Care Abstract: The purpose of this literature review is to support in reference to the patient on an oncology unit, does prayer at the bedside compared to standard spiritual care improve rumination during hospitalization? The research found that prayer at the bedside is associated with decreasing rumination which promotes feelings of calm, relief, rest, and well-being. (Authors: Jasmin Magana-Cheeks, Shana Ross; Faculty Sponsor: Teresa Beamon) #24 — Prevalence of Forefoot Strike in Barefoot and Running Shoe Conditions Abstract: Given that research shows a forefoot strike is more energy efficient and cushioned soles could lead to increased pronation, it is still unknown why so many runners choose to wear cushioned sole shoes and whether these individuals would change their foot strike were they to switch to barefoot running. Eight participants will perform one-time trials of each condition of barefoot running and running with their usual running shoes. A videorecording will be taken of each trial for the researchers to accurately observe the type of foot-strike, either forefoot, mid-foot, or rear foot. Study is currently in progress. Results and statistics will be determined at the end of the study. (Authors: Kyle Jean, Savanna Ingram, Taylor Bullock; Faculty Sponsor: Brian Brabham) 8

#25 — Identification and Characterization of Auxin Signaling Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Abstract: In plants, hormones called auxins regulates most aspects of growth and development. In this research, I am using mutants to try to discover more about how auxin works. This will eventually reveal parts of the biochemical pathway that accepts auxin, furthering our knowledge of auxin and plant growth. (Author: Kevin Chappell; Faculty Sponsor: Andy Woodward) #26 — Bacteriophage Isolation for Phage Therapy and Prevention of Dental Caries Abstract: Normal oral flora and organisms from diseased dental tissues were isolated to build a microbial bank for bacteriophage isolation. The purpose of this project was to isolate a large group of bacteriophage with potential use in phage therapy capable of inhibiting the growth of organisms associated with dental caries formation. (Authors: Sarah Gregory, Clinton Matkins; Faculty Sponsor: Greg Frederick) #27 — The Bell County Mental Health Indigent Defense Program: Reducing Recidivism of Defendants with Mental Illness Abstract: Does social work case management for indigent defendants with mental illness serve to reduce recidivism and stabilize their lives? This study examines existing data from a program involving social work interns and their work with defendants with a mental illness to determine if case management services effectively reduced recidivism rates. (Authors: Brian McNeil, Brandy Gifford, Katura Hart; Faculty Sponsor: Isaac Gusukuma) #28 — Audio-Visual Interference Effects on Study Efficiency Abstract: We studied the effects of different kinds of audio-visual interference on accurately completing a variety of cognitive tasks. We found that both a comedy program and a news broadcast were more distracting than silence, and that the comedy program was most distracting of all. (Authors: Tiffany Richard, Jennifer Bohns, Patrice Gifford, Rue Wang; Faculty Sponsor: Trent Terrell) #29 — The Impact of Recovery on Lactate Clearance Abstract: This study evaluated the difference between active and passive recovery methods after an anaerobic bout. This allowed for the rate of lactate clearance to be determined between collegiate male football and soccer players. (Authors: Alena Regelski, Eliza Faillace, Mattie Flammond, Paul Williams; Faculty Sponsor: Brian Brabham) #30 — Identification of bacteria colonizing the roots of Acacia smallii Abstract: The roots of Acacia smallii harbor bacteria known loosely as rhizobia which form symbiotic relationships with legumes and in the process produce 9

root nodules. The exact genus and species of rhizobia is unknown. This research includes isolating and identifying bacteria from the roots of A. smallii in Belton. (Author: Codi Hammons; Faculty Sponsor: Kathy Wood)

PAPER SESSIONS Session 1: Sight Unseen: Developments in Law, Engineering and Medicine and their Unexpected Consequences 1:15-2:15 PM (Davidson 202) Paper #1: The Country that Philippe-Jean Bunau Varilla Built Abstract: The Panama Canal was considered a triumph of politics, engineering, and sanitation. Overlooked in the annals of history is another triumph, that of a French businessman. This is the obscure tale of a single man’s influence in the creation of America’s crowning achievement of the early 20th century. (Author: Drew Roicki; Faculty Sponsor: Claire Phelan) Paper #2: Dissection, Grave Robbers, and Reform Abstract: The practice of dissection and legacy of cadaver procurement increased as the medical profession advanced. The research explores how ethical and legal issues led to the creation of the British Anatomy Act of 1832.

The ensuing law prompted cultural changes and served as a model in the English-speaking world. (Author: Kelsey Belcher; Faculty Sponsor: Rebecca Peterson) Paper #3: Gitmo and the Global War on Terrorism: The Wartime Effect on Checks and Balances Abstract: Is the system of checks and balances ineffective during times of war? This paper tests that question by comparing executive action via detainment at Guantanamo Bay and checks on executive behavior via similar actions in peacetime. The research relies on data from Supreme Court cases and international treaties. (Author: Benjamin Holt; Faculty Sponsor: Janet Adamski)

Session 2: From Grade School to Doctoral Programs — Bettering the Odds for Student Success 2:30-3:30 PM (PAC 220) Paper #4: Pre-Teaching Effects of Tutoring and RtI in the General Classroom Instruction Abstract: This study determines if at-risk students not meeting grade-level expectations increase their reading skills through pre-teaching activities dur10

ing Response to Intervention Tier 2 sessions. Pre-teaching the general classroom lesson will enable the at-risk-student to expand background knowledge, increase exposure to taught concepts, and recognize their role as a learner.

(Author: Melinda Lucko; Faculty Sponsor: Karen Estes) Paper #5: A Phenomenological Study: Positive Emotion as Experienced by Doctoral Students Who Persisted to Degree Completion Abstract: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gather data about the positive emotional experiences of doctoral students in two private liberal arts universities. Participants in the study experienced positive emotion in multiple ways including supportive social relationships with faculty and colleagues, gratifying interactions with content, and feelings of self-efficacy.

(Author: Robert G. Glinski; Faculty Sponsor: Marlene Zipperlen) Paper #6: Cultural Capital to Close the Achievement Gap and Increase Academic Success Abstract: The current educational system maintains an academic achievement gap despite legislation aimed at closing it. Schools can supplement the cultural capital students enter the classrooms with and promote academic success. By working on the root of the achievement gap, progress can be made to close it. (Author: Patrick Peabody; Faculty Sponsor: Christie Bledsoe)

Session 3: Spanish Literature 2:30-2:50 PM (Davidson 202) Paper #7: Julia Alvarez: A Female Voice in Contemporary Spanish American Literature Abstract: An Informative paper that will include Biographical information about Julia Alvarez and detailed information about her Novel: De c贸mo las muchachas Garc铆a perdieron el acento. (Author: Ricardo Sobrado; Faculty Sponsor: Rubi Ugofsky-Mendez)

Session 4: Juvenile Delinquency: A Global Perspective 2:30-3:10 PM (PAC 224) Paper #8: Examining the Lack of Juvenile Delinquency in Lebanon Abstract: This research aimed to explore the lack of juvenile delinquency in the country of Lebanon through use of the containment theory. The research includes factors such as the societal structure and prevalence of religion.

(Author: Kelsie Finn; Faculty Sponsor: Christine Nix)

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Paper #9: China’s Shame and Guilt Culture: A Contributing Factor Towards Juvenile Delinquency Abstract: The increasing rate of juvenile delinquency in China can be linked to the general strain theory. China has a proud culture based on shame and guilt. This culture places additional stress on the adolescents which increases the probability for delinquent behavior. (Author: Evan Ward; Faculty Sponsor: Christine Nix)

Session 5: Criminal Justice: An Awareness of Social Problems in the United States 3:10-3:50 PM (PAC 224) Paper #10: Substance Abuse Among Combat Veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Abstract: Combat veteran’s abuse of alcohol, prescription, and illegal drugs: Self-medicating mechanism for post-traumatic stress disorder. (Author: Christopher Naimo; Faculty Sponsor: Christine Nix) Paper #11: Lose the Lighter: The Health Risks of Tobacco Use Among College Women Abstract: Nearly 200,000 women die annually from tobacco-related causes.

These deaths are entirely preventable, but research indicates that women – specifically the college demographic – may be unaware of the risks involved when lighting even one cigarette. Informative brochures offer a creative and effective way to educate women on using tobacco. (Author: Halley Harrell; Faculty Sponsor: Christine Nix)

Session 6: Community and Problem-Oriented Policing: At Home and Abroad 3:50-4:30 PM (PAC 224) Paper #12: Initial-Sader Emergency Response Team (IN-SERT) Abstract: This research examines the feasibility of establishing a community emergency response team, Sader Emergency Response Team (SERT), to respond in the event of a mass catastrophe or other major disruption to any day -to-day activities on the campus of University of Mary Hardin-Baylor.

(Authors: Jonathan Hanson, Brandi Brown, Rachel Doyle, Jacob Hunter; Faculty Sponsor: Christine Nix)

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Paper #13: Role of the Police in the Czech Republic: Encounters with Victims of Domestic Violence Abstract: Domestic violence in the Czech Republic is at a rise. The police’s role is important in correlations with the victims of domestic violence. The rise of domestic violence in the Czech Republic can be improve with the help of the police. (Author: Kate Schladenhauffen; Faculty Sponsor: Christine Nix)

Student Projects Listed by College ( poster;  paper;  artwork) College of Education:  Effects of Two Different Resistance Training Protocols on Strength and Body Composition in Older Females by Matt Stone (#15; EXSS)  Prevalence of Forefoot Strike in Barefoot and Running Shoe Conditions by Kyle Jean, Savanna Ingram, Taylor Bullock (#24; EXSS)  The Impact of Recovery on Lactate Clearance by Alena Regelski, Eliza Faillace, Mattie Flammond, Paul Williams (#29; EXSS)

College of Visual and Performing Arts:  Senior Art Exhibition by Chance Alvis (1:30-2:30 PM; Art)  Senior Art Exhibition by Julia Theesfeld (1:30-2:30 PM; Art)  Senior Art Exhibition by Kaylee Glawe (1:30-2:30 PM; Art)  Senior Art Exhibition by Jamie Stephens (1:30-2:30 PM; Art) College of Humanities: HISTORY & POLITICAL SCIENCE  The Country that Philippe-Jean Bunau Varilla Built by Drew Roicki (Session 1; 1:15-2:15; Davidson 202)  Dissection, Grave Robbers, and Reform by Kelsey Belcher (Session 1; 1:15-2:15; Davidson 202)  Gitmo and the Global War on Terrorism: The Wartime Effect on Checks and Balances by Benjamin Holt (Session 1; 1:15-2:15; Davidson 202) SPANISH  Julia Alvarez: A Female Voice in Contemporary Spanish American Literature by Ricardo Sobrado (Session 3; 2:30-2:50; Davidson 202)

College of Nursing:  Tracheostomy Safety in Children by Amy Kester, Carolyn Rice (#8)  Bedside Prayer Can Make a Difference in Patient Care by Jasmin Magana-Cheeks, Shana Ross (#23) 13

College of Sciences: BIOLOGY  Analysis of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Breakdown Using PropionateResistant Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana by Heath Spencer (#9)  Isolation and Characterization of the Imported Red Fire Ant Normal Gut Microbiota by Malintha Abeysiri (#13)  Investigating Essential Amino Acid Metabolism Using Isobutyric AcidResistant Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana by Erica Richardson(#16)  Identification and Characterization of Auxin Signaling Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana by Kevin Chappell (#25)  Bacteriophage Isolation for Phage Therapy and Prevention of Dental Caries by Sarah Gregory, Clinton Matkins (#26)  Identification of bacteria colonizing the roots of Acacia smallii by Codi Hammons (#30) CHEMISTRY  Analysis of the Purity of Water by Varying Water Bottle Brands by Isaac Barnhill (#3)  Factors Influencing Post-harvest Yellowing of Rice by Patrick Prazak (#4)  Viscosity of Liquid Amine and Ketone Mixtures by Matthew Cranford (#6)  Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Chemical Demonstrations by Matthew Cranford (#7)  Variants to Watering Grass and Their Impact on Grass Growth by Collin Davies (#10)  The Examination of Fuel Moisture Content of Texas Wintergrass by Portable Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy by Collin Davies (#11)  Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact on Dedicated and Bi-fuel Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles by Malintha Abeysiri (#14)  Tape Adhesion Strength by Cassandra Jessup (#17)  Alcohol Viscosity Series by Cassandra Jessup (#18) CRIMINAL JUSTICE  Examining the Lack of Juvenile Delinquency in Lebanon by Kelsie Finn (Session 4, 2:30-3:10; PAC 224)  China’s Shame and Guilt Culture: A Contributing Factor Towards Juvenile Delinquency by Kelsie Finn (Session 4, 2:30-3:10; PAC 224)  Substance Abuse Among Combat Veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder by Christopher Naimo (Session 5, 3:10-3:50; PAC 224)  Lose the Lighter: The Health Risks of Tobacco Use Among College Women by Halley Harrell (Session 5, 3:10-3:50; PAC 224) 14

 Initial-Sader Emergency Response Team (IN-SERT) by Jonathan Hanson, Brandi Brown, Rachel Doyle, Jacob Hunter (Session 6, 3:50-4:30; PAC 224)

 Role of the Police in the Czech Republic: Encounters with Victims of Domestic Violence by Kate Schladenhauffen (Session 6, 3:50-4:30; PAC 224) PSYCHOLOGY  Comparison of the Effects of Marijuana Legalization by Kourtney Kroll, Elizabeth Valcin (#1)  Effects of Patients' Expectations on Rehabilitation in Physical Therapy by Stephanie Harris, Kristen McCraw (#2)  Examining the Effects of an Irritation on Text Message Interpretation by Heather Glover, Joy Zhang, Algin Poteet, Alycia Jones (#5)  The Effect of Rewards on Motivation and Accuracy by Allyson Kitzman, Alex Chester (#12)  Effects of Positive Priming on Trivia Performance by Danielle Manzella, Renee Sharper, Anthony Ramirez, Malorie Davis (#19)  Effects of Spirituality on Hope, Subjective Happiness, Satisfaction of Life, and Meaning of Life by Nathan Rusu (#21)  Audio-Visual Interference Effects on Study Efficiency by Tiffany Richard, Jennifer Bohns, Patrice Gifford, Rue Wang (#28) SOCIAL WORK  Project HEARTBEAT: A Study Assessing Secondary School Faculty Awareness of Homeless Student Programs by Allison Kelley, Shirmira Brandiburg, Melissa Gammage (#22)  The Bell County Mental Health Indigent Defense Program: Reducing Recidivism of Defendants with Mental Illness by Brian McNeil, Brandy Gifford, Katura Hart (#27)

Graduate School: EDUCATION  Teachers Answer the Question of What Made Them Stay: A Phenomenological Study by Sarah Coy (#20)  Pre-Teaching Effects of Tutoring and RtI in the General Classroom Instruction by Melinda Lucko (Session 2; 2:30-3:30; PAC 220)  A Phenomenological Study: Positive Emotion as Experienced by Doctoral Students Who Persisted to Degree Completion by Robert G. Glinski (Session 2; 2:30-3:30; PAC 220)  Cultural Capital to Close the Achievement Gap and Increase Academic Success by Patrick Peabody (Session 2; 2:30-3:30; PAC 220)

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