Portfolio - Architecture and Extreme Environments | KADK | Fall semester 2020

ULRIK WIGENSTAD LYSNA | PORTFOLIO | ARCHITECTURE AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS | 5TH YEAR | FALL SEMESTER

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

INTRODUCTION | LYSNA 3

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

4-5

INFORMATION GATHERING 7 - 24 DESIGN PROPOSAL 27 - 36 FABRICATION 38 - 47 FIELD TRIP 49 - 57 RESULTS 60 - 61 REFLECTION 64 - 65 END NOTE 67 - 69

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4 INTRODUCTION | LYSNA

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

INTRODUCTION | LYSNA 5

TIMELINE & BUDGET Transportation:

September

Boat

1400 DKK

Flight

650 DKK

Infographic

Accomodation Airbnb Device

Critical thinking

October

Scientific paper

Fieldwork

January

Exam

February

5

6.66 USD

5

Led Strip splitter

9.99 USD

5

29 USD

mva.

33.25 USD

12v power supply

15.99 USD

Led strip connector

7.49 USD

Shipping

27.5 USD

mva.

44 DKK

Shipping

19 DKK

Led strip

103 DKK

Shipping

19 DKK

Membership coolpriser

x 5

5

We mediate our presence in our environment via design and technology, often disregarding the environmental impact. It is our intention to investigate the artistic potential of working with technology not only as a performance orientated design parameter, but also as a process charged with aesthetic potential and cultural implications with sustainable aims, from building scale all the way to detail.

69 DKK

Ratchet strap x4

17.49 EUR

100m Nylon thread

11.99 EUR

Led Strip 20M

39.99 EUR

Led controller

7.99 EUR

4

AA Battery x10

18 DKK

8

Fiberglass rods

x

Main LED Light source

x

Cork matt

69 DKK 487 DKK

Thread

18 DKK

Connectors

15 DKK

Needles

37 DKK

Needles

20 DKK

Filter 216 White Diffusion

38 DKK

Filter 119 Dark Blue

51 DKK

Filter 106 Primary Red

51 DKK

INTRODUCTION Through a site-specific approach, Architecture and Extreme Environemnts aims to respond to present and future global challenges through research by design, fine-tuned site specific strategies and active expeditions to remote world locations where 1:1 architectural prototypes are put to the test to inform and innovate building design at home and abroad.

23.26 USD

Umbrella

This year’s territory of study at AEE was the Faroe Islands, consisting of 18 islands isolated in the North Atlantic at the edge of the Arctic circle.

At a macro scale, the islands are “isolated” geographically and require import from almost every resource. The few resources they have define their economy and energy potential.

39 DKK

1,5mm Aluminium

130 DKK

1,0mm Aluminium

120 DKK

Device Total

3979 DKK

Transportation Total

2050 DKK

Accomodation Total

2232 DKK

Field Trip Total

8261 DKK

Program dev.

48% Device

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x

4.99 USD

Shipping Prototype film

Unnecessary Sponsorship

Led strip connector

Stoff

December

Quantity

Battery holder Shipping

Prototype

Critical thinking

November

2232 DKK

27% Accomodation

25% Transportation

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62°01’33.9”N 6°46’45.0”W

19. NOV 2020, 08:35:52

INFORMATION GATHERING PHASE The information gathering phase focused on students ability to acquire facts and data on this years region of study - Torshavn, Faroe Islands.

The information and data collected manifest itself in the form of an A1 sized infographic poster (page 9). Understanding the importance of visual and aesthetic communication, and to present information based on a value system of relevance were central. My theme of investigation was energy and infrastructure, with overview of energy as a particular forcus.

ULRIK WIGENSTAD INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA 9

Faroe Islands

ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

ALTHOUGH GREEN ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION HAS GONE UP IN RECENT YEARS, THE IMPORT OF OIL PRODUCTS HAVE ALSO SHOT UP, MAINLY DUE TO THE EXPANSION OF THE FISHING INDUSTRY. SINCE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ACCOUNTS FOR ONLY 15% OF OIL CONSUMPTION, IT IS REASONABLE TO EXPECT THE FAROE ISLANDS RELYING ON OIL FOR DECADES TO COME.

The Faroe Islands are disconnected from the European power grid, and therefore need to provide itself completely with self-produced energy. Wind farms, hydropower and a significant annual import of oil products are used to do this. The cumulative production of all electric energy is 108% of own requirements. It is reasonable to conclude that the 8 extra percent are lost in transformation and loss in electrical power grids. Electricity is accessible to 100% of the population of the Faroe Islands, although some of the smaller islands are self-sufficient and they are not connected to the rest of the power grid. In other words, a great deal of energy is used to provide power to all corners of the Faroe Islands in the form of diesel for vessels.

LARGE CONSUMER OF OIL In the Faroe Islands, 4,900 barrels of refined petroleum are imported every day. Which adds up to 1,7 million barrels a year, or 37 barrels per capita.

The fishing industry is a big consumer of refined oil, using up to 32 % of the overall import. Heating and the production of electricity consume another 30 %

DIES EL PLA NT

"It's just a question of getting enough companies to go out and search for it and then we will find it."

-Kristina Hafoss, finance minister in the Danish autonomous territory in the North Atlantic.

TH ER

ID

T AN PL

PO W ER

AL M

GR

HYDRO POWER

ER OW P ND WI

As the price for oil has risen the interest, investment and development of renewable energy sources has followed. The municipality has stated that Faroe Islands have a goal of producing 100% green and renewable electricity by 2030. Part of reaching this goal has been to install a large wind park outside of torshavn.

The climate in Faroe Islands is typically oceanic; the weather is moist, changeable and at times very windy. Due to the influence of the Gulf Stream, there is little variation between winter and summer temperatures.

The average temperatures in Tórshavn during the coldest and warmest months are 3°C and 11°C. The shortest period of daylight is 5 hours and the longest 19 hours.

Although the municipality strives to generate 100% green and clean energy by 2030, the government, in partnership with foreign energy firms, has actively been looking for oil on the nautical edges of the country. The Faroe Islands have attempted oil exploration nine times since 2001, still without discovering volumes adequate to justify commercial development.

00 10.0

000 12.

EL EC T RIC TR ITY AN 15% SP O FIS RTA HIN TIO G N 23 V OT ESS % HE ELS R 32% V V ESS E HIC ELS LES 14% HO 12% U

CO SEHOLD 15% NS U M PTI ON O F OIL 20 16

8.000

6.000 >12

250 500

>50

500

16% REN.

>38

750

>61 km/h

1000

0 150 00 35

h 5.945 kW

60

300

50

250

200

40

200

OIL

30

150

100

20

100

10

50

HYDRO

0

0

0 1975

1985

1995

2005

2015

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

m/s

tonnes

RENEWABLE ENERGY (%)

WIND

250

OIL CONSUMPTION

WIND DISTRIBUTION TORSHAVN

BLACKOUTS

GWh

10

92

300

350

50

0

19

ANNUAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

GWh

7

DUE TO EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS AND ITS LACK OF INTERCONNECTIONS, THE FAROE ISLANDS EXPERIENCE ONE TO THREE TOTAL BLACKOUTS ANNUALLY, A RATIO HIGHER THAN THAT OF CONTINENTAL EUROPE.

FREQUENCY (%)

ANNUAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

150

50

20

Heavy fuel Gasoil Petrol Kerosene

20 12

ION CONSUMPT

20 08

5.511 kWh

OIL CONSUMPTION, TYPE OF OIL 100

06

ER

P ITY C I TR LEC E F O

20

h 5.720 kW

16 20 ITA P CA

96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08 20 10 20 12 20 14 20 16 20 18

94

NS O C

19

19

19

92

0

CAPI TA 20 16

2500

20 04

50

2000

02

Fishing vessels Other vessels Vehicles and aeroplanes Industry Trade and service companies Apartments Public offices SEV

00 00 15 0 500 10

20

100

kWh

0 450

20 00

350 0

4000 L4 FO 4500 PR 6% S 5000 5500 6000 HYD OD SIL FU RO 3 1% EL R UC EN 49 REN.16% EW % ABL TI E 5 ON 4% OF OIL CONSUMPTION, CONSUMER GROUP HYD EL RO 24% EC TR REN 20% ICIT NUC. 7% Y PER

0 400 500 0 3 0 0 3

6

98

300 0

00 55

UM ER

250 0

00 50

96

20 00

19

15 00

FU EL 54 %

94

10 00

U OD PR CU RI & S AG OP H SP S AN S IC TR T BL U EN P ID S RE

0 00

19

016

FU E

50 0

019

00 30

Y2

0

GR OU PS 2

00 25

CT IO N LT & UR CO E RE NS A S. ND TR OR 7% UC FI T TIO SH 7% ER N2 IN VI D 7% CE US AL TR S1 BU Y2 2% 0% IL DI NG S2 3%

0 200

T ICI CTR ELE

kW h

FO SS IL

1965

6.500 kgt

0

>28

FO SS IL

1955

6.600 kg

>19

kWh 0

4% EL 5 L FU FOSSI

31% WER O PO HYDR

OF TION PRODUC

ENT 97% GOVERNM

Kg 0

>5

3% PRIVATE

13.100 kg

4.000

2.000

WIND DATA THORSHAVN

HOURS PER YEAR

300,000

6 5

250,000

4 3

200,000

2 1

150,000

0 2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

References appended

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18

ĐðÁáÆæÉéÍíÓóØøÚúÝý

STILL SEARCHING FOR OIL

20

Flag

TA

Coat of arms

CO2 FOOTPRINT PER CAPI

Sovereign state: Denmark Capital: Tórshavn Population: 52,110 GDP: $3 billion GDP per capita: $61,325 Main export: Fish (85%) Climate: Subpolar oceanic climate

2100 FO REC AS T

ENERGY OVERVIEW

FAROE ISLANDS

THE FAROE ISLANDS HAVE A GOAL OF 100% GREEN ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION BY 2030.

20 16

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

20 14

8 INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA

19

Ulrik Wigenstad

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62°01’08.2”N 6°46’37.8”W

ULRIK WIGENSTAD INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA 11

17. DES 2020, 11:57:04 LIGHT CONDITIONS OF

FAROE ISLANDS Torshavn, located 62°N, at the edge of the Arctic circle, is the city in Europe that receives the least amount of sunshine per year. Meteorological conditions create steady rainfall and long periods of overcloud skylight. The population experienced large shifts of the duration of the day throughout the seasons, the shortest period of daylight being 5 hours and the longest 19 hours.

These climatic and meteorological conditions have a number of unhealthy consequences. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that’s related to big changes in seasons. Symptoms of SAD usually start in the fall and continue into the winter months, sapping your energy and making you feel moody. There has not been scientific studies of mental health in the Faroe Islands with regards to SAD, but data has shown that sunnier climate had fewer current depressive symptoms. The same study also concludes that greater monthly rainfall was associated with more depressive symptoms.

PHOTO: JÓGVAN HORN

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WIGENSTAD | PROJECT NAME INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA CHAPTER ULRIK WIGENSTAD 12 ULRIK

9

ULRIK WIGENSTAD INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA 13

22 20 18

DAYLIGHT

16

CIVIL TWILIGHT

14 12 10 08

THE 10 CITIES WITH THE LEAST AVERAGE SUNSHINE HOURS IN DECEMBER

NAUTICAL TWILIGHT ASTRONOMICAL TWILIGHT NIGHT

HOURS OF SUNSHINE

06

DECEMBER 21th

04 02 00 JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

SUN GRAPH TÓRSHAVN ALTITUDE 5°

MERIDIAN 12:25 180° S

DIKSON, RUSSIA TÓRSHAVN, FAROE ISLANDS YAKUTSK, RUSSIA IDALUIT, CANADA MOSCOW, RUSSIA TALLINN, ESTONIA CHONGQING, CHINA REYKJAVIK, ICELAND RIGA, LATVIA WARSAW, POLAND

0,0 6,0 9,3 12,6 14,0 19,0 20,4 22,0 22,0 25,0

KØBENHAVN, DENMARK

DECEMBER 21th

RISE 09:51 145° SE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

AVERAGE HOURS OF SLEEP (US)

37,2 1942 7,9h

SET 14:59 215° SW

2013 6,8h

SLEEP QUALITY

SUN PATH 62°0'35.03"N, 6°46'17.9"W DECEMBER 21th

More than two-thirds of the students in Faroe Islands reported sleeping difficulties in the previous six months

TÓRSHAVN POPULATION: 13 083

WHERE IS THE DAY SPENT? (US)

NÓLSOY POPULATION: 224

INDOORS 92,4%

OUTDOORS 7,6%

SUN SET (14:59)

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SUN RISE (09:51)

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NOTE The data is based on a research paper named The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS), published by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2001.

The survey was conducted from late September 1992 through September 1994 by the University of Maryland’s Survey Research Center. The survey used telephone interviews to collect 24-hour retrospective diaries from each respondent. Between 340 and 1,713 respondents were interviewed in each of the ten EPA regions across the 48 contiguous states. Respondents were generally representative of national proportions for gender, age, race, and educational attainment.

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ULRIK WIGENSTAD INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA 15

Spectral composition of sunlight at Earth's surface The Sun may be said to illuminate, which is a measure of the light within a specific sensitivity range. Many animals (including humans) have a sensitivity range of approximately 400–700 nm,[32] and given optimal conditions the absorption and scattering by Earth's atmosphere produces illumination that approximates an equal-energy illuminant most of this range.[33] The useful range for change color vision humans, Natural light is dynamic.

Thefor intensity and colors of light - the wavelengths, withinthe time offor day, time example, is approximately 450–650 nm. Aside from effects that arise at sunset and sunrise, the spectral of year, the weather and the location on earth. Our mood, energy, metabolism, sleep and recovery depend composition changes primarily in respect to how directly sunlight is able to illuminate. When illumination upon this daily cyclescattering of natural in light. light changes synchronize ourwavelengths circadian rhythms and hormone is indirect, Rayleigh theThe upper atmosphere will lead blue to dominate.

Water cycles. sun is overhead,produces daylight is brightscattering and rich inand blue, which keeps awake and alert. vapourWhen in thethe lower atmosphere further ozone, dust andus water particles willAt also absorbdaylight particular wavelengths. sunset softens and is dominated by orange and red, which relaxes us. The changes in light changes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight due to the atmospheric filtering of sunlight, which changes with the angle of the sun, the location on earth, and the time of year, as well as the local weather conditions. Humans, plants and animals depend upon these daily and seasonal cycles of natural light for their health and wellness.

THE DYNAMIC LIGHT AND OUR MOOD

Kelvin and nanometers do not measure the same thing and cannot be converted. But they are both important to understand fundamental qualities of light.

Kelvin temperature indicates the perceived color of a light source and generally ranges from 1000k to 8000k. The higher the temperature, the bluer the light will appear. The lower the temperature, the warmer the light will appear. A certain Kelvin temperature consists of a nearly infinite number of wavelengths to produce the perceived color.

4000K

5500K

8000K

12000K

16000K

1800K

4000K

5500K

8000K

12000K

16000K

spectral power

100

80

ea r

Ca n

120

Cl ea rb bl lu ue e sk sk y y

1800K

Ca dl ndl e e fla fla m m M M e e or or Su ni ni Su ng ng n n /e /e rise rise ve ve ni n ng ing su su n n M M oo oo nl nl ig i ht ght

The yellow line shows the spectrum of direct illumination under optimal conditions. The other illumination conditions are scaled to show their relation to direct illumination.

direct full sunlight (x1.2) ... partial light cloud (x1.67) ... heavy cloud (x9) ... light cloud (x3.6) blue sky (x18) blue sky clouded horizon (x20)

Color temperature expressed in Kelvin (K) units

Cl

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

M i da dda y y su su Cl Cl n n ou ou dy dy sk sk y y

14 INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA

M id

Nanometers, on the other hand, measure a specific wavelength. So even if the Kelvin temperature appears amber, it’s actually a combination of wavelengths at different nanometers. Some of these wavelengths may be visible to wildlife affected by light pollution. Consequently, a lamp with a low Kelvin temperature would not necessarily be an effective wildlife-friendly light source.

60

40

Visible waveleinght within the electromagnetic spectrum (nanometer) 20

Visible waveleinght within the electromagnetic spectrum (nanometer) 0

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Wavelength (nm)

SPECTRAL COMPOSITION OF SUNLIGHT AT EARTH’S SURFACE Humans and many animals have a sensitivity range for light with wavelengths of about 400–700 nanometers (nm). The useful range for color vision in humans, for example, is approximately 450–650 nm.

Aside from effects that arise at sunset and sunrise, the spectral composition changes primarily in respect to how directly sunlight is able to illuminate. When illumination is indirect, as it naturally is further north, during the winter time, Rayleigh scattering in the upper atmosphere will lead blue wavelengths to dominate. Water vapour in the lower atmosphere produces further scattering and ozone, dust and water particles will also absorb particular wavelengths.

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380nm

450nm

495nm

570nm

620nm

750nm

380nm

450nm

495nm

570nm

620nm

750nm

Brightness

3000k

Brightness the amount maximum koloristemperature in new York of light given off by a light source, 3000k usually expressed in lumens or http://legislation.nyc/id/2352238 maximum kolor temperature in new York lux. Some studies have shown thathttp://legislation.nyc/id/2352238 brighter light can intensify emotions, while low light keeps them steady. This can lead to people having the ability to make more rational decisions in low light and find it easier to agree with others.

Hue

Saturation

Hue is defined as a color or shade.

It’s been proven that natural light can make you happier, but colors created by artificial light can also evoke different emotions and have other effects on the body.

Blue light suppresses levels of melatonin, helping us stay awake and alert, while red light increases levels of melatonin, helping our bodies get ready for bed.

Saturation is the intensity of a color. More saturated hues can have amplifying effects on emotions, while muted colors can dampen emotions. In art, saturation is defined on a scale from pure color (100%) to grey (0%). In lighting, a similar scale can apply.

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16 INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

LIGHT AND ITS EFFECT ON THE HUMAN BODY Humans have internal clocks that synchronize physiological functions of the body on a roughly 24hour cycle. This is called the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is synchronized through light.

Light enters the human body through photoreceptors in the retina. Light exposure stimulates the circadian system, which starts in the brain and regulates physiological rhythms throughout the body’s tissues and organs, such as hormone levels and the sleep-wake cycle.

Circadian rhythm is our internal clock. It influences melatonin secretion, cortisol activity and alertness.

When there is a lack of melatonin, people can encounter sleep problems. Circadian rhythms can also affect the limbic system. This system regulates a person’s feelings of happiness, sadness, anger and other emotions.

Desynchronization of the circadian rhythm has been linked with obesity, diabetes, depression and metabolic disorders. Exposure to bright light at night is associated with circadian phase disruption, which in turn can cause negative health effects. High lighting levels at night, including light from bright screens, can contribute to the disruption of the circadian rhythm.

ULRIK WIGENSTAD INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA 17

TREATMENTS FOR CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDER All light—not just sunlight—can contribute to desynchronization of the circadian rhythm. Given that people spend much of their waking day indoors, insufficient illumination or improper lighting can lead to drifting of the circadian phase, especially if paired with inappropriate light exposure at night.

Humans are continuously sensitive to light, and under normal circumstances, light exposure in the late night/early morning will shift our rhythms forward, whereas exposure in the late afternoon/early night will shift our rhythms back. To maintain optimal, properly synchronized circadian rhythms, the body requires periods of both light and darkness at the proper times.

Desynchronization of the circadian rhythm can be manipulated and restored with different techniques: Chronotherapy is used to treat delayed sleep phase disorder. It acts by systematically delaying an individual’s bedtime until their sleep-wake times coincide with the conventional 24-hour day.

BIOLOGICAL CLOCK IN HUMANS

HIGH ALERTNESS 10:00 HIGHEST TESTOSTERONE SECRETION 09:00

Dark therapy is used to block blue and blue-green wavelength light from reaching the eye during evening hours so as not to hinder melatonin production. This can be done with use of blue-blocking goggles or on apps on electronic devices.

NOON 12:00 BEST COORDINATION 14:30 FASTEST REACTION TIME 15:30

MELATONIN SECRETION STOPS 07:35

GREATEST CARDIOVASCU LAR EFFICIENCY AND MUSCLE STRENGT 17:00

SHARPEST RISE IN BLOOD PRESSURE 06:45

18:00

06:00

18:30HIGHEST BLOOD PRESSURE 19:00 HIGHEST BODY TEMPERATURE

LOWEST BODY TEMPERATURE04:30

Light therapy utilizes bright light exposure to advance phase sleep and wake times. This conventional treatment requires 30–60 minutes of exposure to a bright (5,000-10,000 lux) white, blue, or natural light at a set time until the circadian clock is aligned with the desired schedule.

Light with specific wavelengths can also be used to manipulate the circadian rhythm: Blue light is the most potent in the use of light therapy. It efficiently suppresses melatonin levels, making us more energetic and alert. Blue wavelengths can even have an impact on those who are blind when it comes to circadian rhythms.

Red light in the evening helps increase the secretion of melatonin which leads to better sleep at night. Better sleep at night leads to improved cognition and overall mental wellbeing.

21:00 MELATONIN SECRETION STARTS 02:00 DEEPEST SLEEP

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00:00 MIDNIGHT

22:30 BOWEL MOVEMENTS SUPPRESSED

I am interested in working with artificial light, controlling specific wavelengths to study how it can affect the body’s circadian rhythm. Furthermore, I wanted to ask how this can be integrated into design and architecture that responds to the local conditions of Tórshavn.

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18 INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

HOW CAN DESIGN PARTICIPATE IN LIGHT TREATMENT AND INFORM ON THE VALUE OF APPROPRIATE LIGHTING DURING THE DARK SEASONS?

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21 ULRIK WIGENSTAD INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA

62°01’08.2”N 6°46’37.8”W

22. NOV 2020, 14:34:40

INFORMATION GATHERING

STATE OF THE ARTS

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22 INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

ULRIK WIGENSTAD INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA 23

FREI OTTO - Experimental tension structure ISOROPIA - Lightweight architecture structure prototype.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT: CITA

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STR.UCTURE - Kulturmeile, Sluttgart

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24 INFORMATION GATHERING | LYSNA

ZGF ARCHITECTS - Designing with Circadian Health in Mind

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ULRIK WIGENSTAD

62°01’08.2”N 6°46’37.8”W

23. NOV 2020, 15:07:16

DESIGN PROPOSAL

28 DESIGN PROPOSAL | LYSNA

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

DESIGN PROPOSAL | LYSNA 29

DESIGN DECISIONS The device will be set up as a temporary installation in Tórshavn. The strong wind in Faroe Islands makes an installation hard to secure, it therefore attaches itself on an existing light pole. Custom made wood brackets are strapped onto the pole, and strong 12mm glass fiber rods extend themself out from the wood brackets.

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Nylon thread is used to bend the glass fiber rods, and semi-transparent fabric extends between the rods. The fabric is lit up by powerful LED lights that draws electricity directly from the light pole.

The installation gives shelter for the common occurring rain, while an information poster informs people passing by about the project.

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30 DESIGN PROPOSAL | LYSNA

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

DESIGN PROPOSAL | LYSNA 31

LOCATION CHOICE For the installation to be set up, multiple locations were considered. A public space where many people pass by, (and hopefully not as part of a stressful journey to- or from work and school,) was the primary focus for the considerations. Early in the process, dialogue was formed with the municipality, as well as with technicians consulting on electricity for the installation.

Vágsbotnur - a small public square that connects the port with the inner city, was chosen as the ideal location for the installation. Pedestrians often pass the square as part of a leisure path alongside the harbour. During my set-up of the installation, the square also hosted a christmas decoration, drawing extra attention from children and families

Southwest side of Vágsbotnur square

Northeast side of Vágsbotnur square

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32 DESIGN PROPOSAL | LYSNA

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

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DESIGN PROPOSAL | LYSNA 33

A secondary part of the installation consists of custom made umbrellas with integrated LED lighting. The light is tuned for two specific wavelengths, that is proven to have light therapeutic effects. The two different wavelengths are red (640nm) and blue (480nm) light.

SUMAR SUMAR SYNTHESIZES THE CONCENTRATION OF THE WARMER WAVELENGTH SEEN IN THE SUMMER LIGHT.

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THE LIGHT DOES NOT AFFECT THE BODY'S MELATONIN PRODUCTION, SO YOU CAN USE THE UMBRELLA FOR AS LONG AS YOU WANT AND STILL GO STRAIGHT TO BED FOR A GOOD NIGHT'S SLEEP AFTERWARD. IN FACT, RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT RED LIGHT CAN IMPROVE YOUR SLEEP AND MAKE YOU LESS GROGGY WHEN YOU WAKE UP.

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34 DESIGN PROPOSAL | LYSNA

VAKNAÐ VAKNAD SYNTHESIZES A CONCENTRATION OF THE KIND OF LIGHT THAT KEEPS YOU AWAKE.

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ULRIK WIGENSTAD

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

DESIGN PROPOSAL | LYSNA 35

BLUE LIGHT, WITH A WAVELENGTH OF APPROXIMATELY 480 NANOMETERS HAS THE EFFECT OF PROHIBITING THE BODY’S PRODUCTION OF MELATONIN - THE HORMONE THAT REGULATES THE NATURAL SLEEP–WAKE CYCLE. EXPOSED TO THIS BOOST YOUR ATTENTION, REACTION TIMES, AND MOOD.

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36 DESIGN PROPOSAL | LYSNA

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

62°00’33.8”N 6°46’25.1”W

23. NOV 2020, 15:32:25

LÝSNA The light installation you are standing under is part of a student’s architecture project from Royal Danish Academy. The master program Architecture and Extreme Environment are visiting Faroe Island on a 4 week long expedition, where 26 students are setting up installations in different parts of the 18 archipelago.

There are a few ways you can easily better organize the environment around you, with regard to lighting conditions:

The light conditions in Faroe Islands are unique. With the high latitude of 62°0'35.03"N the sun barely peaks above the horizon in the winter time. At the same time, meteorological conditions form thick clouds that separate Tórshavn from the sparse sunshine for the most part of the year.

Avoid looking at bright screens beginning two to three hours before bed.

The lack of light during the dark seasons has a number of unwanted health consequences - both physiological and mental. However, so does being exposed to too much light during summer.

Use dim red lights for night lighting. Red light is less likely to shift circadian rhythm and suppress melatonin.

If you have to work with a screen until late, consider wearing blue light-blocking glasses or installing an app that filters the blue/green wavelength at night.

Expose yourself to lots of bright light during the day, which will boost your ability to sleep at night, as well as your mood and alertness during the day.

You are also welcome to try one of the two synthesized light conditions, Vaknað or Summar:

Vaknað

Vaknað synthesizes a concentration of the kind of light that keeps you awake.

Summar synthesizes the warmer wavelength seen in the summer light.

High intensity blue light, with a wavelength of approximately 480 nanometers, has the effect of prohibiting the body’s production of melatonin - the hormone that regulates the natural sleep–wake cycle.

Exposure to this light boosts your attention, reaction time, and mood

The light does not affect the body's melatonin production, so you can use the umbrella for as long as you want and still go straight to bed for a good night's sleep afterward. In fact, studies suggest that red light can improve your sleep and make you less groggy when you wake up

Design of info poster, attached to the installation

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Summar

ULRIK WIGENSTAD FABRICATION | LYSNA 39

FABRICATION

10 pieces of connectors in stainless steel were made.

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40 FABRICATION | LYSNA

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Large fabrics in semi transparent nylon were made, based on a stencil exported from a 3D model

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ULRIK WIGENSTAD FABRICATION | LYSNA 41

Custom made wood brackets. 15 in total.

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42 FABRICATION | LYSNA

Bent stainless steel rods were attached to 5 of the brackets, to hold the umbrellas.

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The info poster were laser cut from aluminium. LED strips send light through the cut out letters.

The device were connected to the glass fiber rods.

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44 FABRICATION | LYSNA

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Powerful LED-lights are connected to the umbrellas. 8xAA batteries are powering the lights for 30+ minutes.

The installation is easily transforming between being open and close, in response to heavy wind. This is done by attaching-/detaching the stainless steel connectors to the end of the glass fiber rods.

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46 FABRICATION | LYSNA

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COLLABORATORS Sufficient lighting for the installation was crucial. I was lucky enough to establish contact with SGM lighting. They supported me with 3 custom made LED washers for the project, as well as giving me a personal tour around the production floor at their facility in Aarhus.

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FIELDWORK

50 FIELD TRIP | LYSNA

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FIELD TRIP | LYSNA 51

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52 FIELD TRIP | LYSNA

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FIELD TRIP | LYSNA 53

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54 FIELD TRIP | LYSNA

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FIELD TRIP | LYSNA 55

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56 FIELD TRIP | LYSNA

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FIELD TRIP | LYSNA 57

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62°01’35.3”N 6°46’49.8”W

25. NOV 2020, 22:23:17

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

RESULTS | LYSNA 61

The installation was successfully set up at the designated location in Tórshavn. Standing by the installation that drew a lot of attention, opened up for dialogue with people passing by. Communicating my aim for this project as well as listening to their experience living with the climatic conditions of Faroe Islands still sits as the greatest experience of this project.

Apart from the communicative aspect of this project, a survey was conducted where I aimed to map out people’s sleep pattern before and after using my umbrellas for a set time. The questionnaire includes the following:

AGE GENDER WHAT UMBRELLA THEY USED (RED OR BLUE) HOW LONG THEY USED THE UMBRELLA FOR WHAT TIME THE PERSON WENT TO BED LAST NIGHT APPROXIMATELY WHAT TIME THE PERSON FELL ASLEEP LAST NIGHT WHEN THE PERSON WOKE UP IN THE MORNING WHAT TIME THE PERSON EXITED THE BED IN THE MORNING HOW WELL THE PERSON SLEPT LAST NIGHT ON A SCALE FROM 1-5 THE DAY AFTER USING THE UMBRELLA

RESULTS

AT WHAT TIME DID YOU GO TO BED LAST NIGHT AT APPROXIMATELY WHAT TIME DID YOU FALL ASLEEP LAST NIGHT AT WHAT TIME DID YOU WAKE UP THIS MORNING AT WHAT TIME DID YOU EXIT THE BED THIS MORNING HOW WOULD YOU RATE YOUR SLEEP QUALITY ON A SCALE FROM 1-5

Results from 10 participants where gathered and their data is presented in the following form:

ID

GENDER

5 Female 6 Male 8 Female

AGE

PRESLEEP

57

SLEEP

15

540

POSTSLEEP

QUALITY (1-5) UMBERELLA COLOR

0

3

Red

EXPOSURE DURATION PRESLEEP2

SLEEP2

16

5

550

POSTSLEEP2

QUALITY2 (1-5)

0

3

7

0

630

0

3

Red

16

0

620

0

5

34

10

450

20

4

Red

10

5

475

10

4

8,3

540

6,6

3,3

14

3,3

548

3,3

4

Average

1 Female

38

10

420

0

4

Blue

13

10

420

0

4

2 Male

26

15

555

5

3

Blue

20

10

545

5

4

3 Female

27

15

510

10

3

Blue

20

30

425

2

4

4 Male

28

25

530

15

3

Blue

20

20

550

0

4

7 Male

25

15

450

5

4

Blue

8

20

400

5

5

9 Male

36

15

525

0

3

Blue

10

10

530

5

4

24

30

570

10

2

Blue

20

5

595

10

4

17,9

508

6,4

3,1

15,8

15,0

495

3,9

4,1

10 Female Average

Although data from the survey concludes that using the umbrella had a positive impact on people’s sleep patterns, mainly time sleeping as well as self reported quality of sleep, the dataset is far too shallow to draw any solid, scientific conclusion of the umbrella’s performance.

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62°01’35.3”N 6°46’49.8”W

25. NOV 2020, 22:36:31

ULRIK WIGENSTAD REFLECTION | LYSNA 65

REFLECTION

My intention for this project was to develop a device that could participate in light treatment as well as informing on the value of appropriate lighting during the dark seasons, while also responding to local climatic conditions. The construction of the main installation responded well to the harsh weather of Tórshavn, attracting attention from people walking by, providing shelter, as well as informing on the aims of the project. The secondary part of the project was to create a shelter where light therapy also was highly present. This part was considered the most fun and engaging part, and successfully opened up for interaction between people, and hopefully a continuing dialogue within the community about light in the urban context of Tórshavn.

The limited time frame of the field trip created challenges between the scientific part and the artistic aspect. The communicative element of the project ended up being more powerful than the survey’s scientific evidence. Ideally, the project would be expanded in size, to harvest a larger dataset that could study how my device had an impact on people’s sleep patterns.

As a student of architecture, the field trip served as a chance to experiment with architecture as a medium to manipulate light and create spaces that respond to human activity. Technological advancements and scientific finding offer designers the opportunity to produce more sensitive light, taking into account light efficiency and the circadian rhythm of humans in a more sensible way. I see this aspect of human intervention with our environment as important, and I am proud to have engaged in this field of research.

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END NOTE | LYSNA 67

CREDITS PROGRAM DIRECTOR Associate Professor, David A. Garcia PROGRAM TUTOR Associate Professor, David A. Garcia, Teaching Associate, Runa Johannessen Teaching Assistant, Will Lambeth COLLABORATORS Tórshavnar kommuna SGM Lighting

THANK YOU Andrei Mihalache, SGM Marita Svartá, Tórshavnar kommuna Magnus Nilson Martin Tamke, CITA Signe Haupt Henry Glogau Sámal Bláhamar Tórshavnar Manskór Jonathan Kim Elliott Andrew Maiken Fiona Pedersen Amalie Tilma David Garcia Jakob Juhlin Pavels Liepins-Hedstrøm Lotta Locklund Doris Lau

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68 END NOTE | LYSNA

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

ULRIK WIGENSTAD

END NOTE | LYSNA 69

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PAGE 24

https://www.metropolismag.com/interiors/healthcare-interiors/why-light-matters-designing-with-circadian-health-in-mind/

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STUDENTS NAME Ulrik Wigenstad STUDENT ID 160420 STUDENTS MAIL ulwi1636@edu.kadk.dk PRIVATE MAIL u.wigen@gmail.com PROGRAM DIRECTOR Associate Professor, David A. Garcia

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