The Primary Source Newsletter, Winter 2021

THE PRIMARY SOURCE NEWSLETTER Winter 2021

UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

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E D W A R D P A Y N E S M I T H

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K I E R R A

TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter from the Chair Spring 2022 Class list Meet the Faculty!

Faculty News and Recent Publications Student and Alumni Interviews History in Your Backyard!

A "Campfire" Worthy Tale Handshake University Resource Black History Museum Internship Get Involved with Phi Alpha Theta!

Note From the editors Cover Photo by University Photo Services

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Letter From the Chair Welcome to our Fall 2021 issue of the Primary Source, our department’s newsletter. I would like to thank our editors, Edward Payne and Kierra Smith, for their tireless work on this issue. As the new chair of the department, I want to acknowledge how difficult the past two years have been.

While none of us foresaw how incredibly draining these years would be, I am not surprised at the amazing adaptability and fortitude of our students and faculty. Whether you’ve attended zoom class in your pajamas or been in a classroom in a mask, it was probably not how you imagined your college careers would look. That you have persisted in the face of such adversity makes me proud to serve as your chair. Thank you for continuing on your educational path with us, we sincerely appreciate having you.

Like many moments in human history, our realities have been irreversibly shifted due to this pandemic. Normalcy will have a new definition moving forward and our department has taken active steps to embrace these challenges. We will all be attending more virtual meetings, conferences, and performances, greatly expanding our department’s global reach. Our major has grown to include more distance students and students residing on our Moscow campus are also choosing to take more online courses. This opens new possibilities for new and inclusive pedagogies. We also see the urgency for courses like Hist 300: Digital History, which can prepare students to conduct research and communicate historical arguments via a variety of innovative digital platforms.

Most importantly, the last two years has proven how deeply we need each other. Building a community that is inclusive, understanding, and supportive has never been more important. I hope that we can continue to create a culture of care in this department as we all try to find ways to come together again.

Thank you for being part of our community.

Sincerely, Rebecca Scofield Chair, Department of History

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Spring 2022 Class list

Lower Division Courses

101 World History I 102 World History II 112 United States History II 204 American Democracy 214 Warfare Through the Ages 290 The Historian's Craft

Upper Division Courses:

300 Digital History 315 Comparative African-American Culture 320 20th Century America: The Collosus 439 Modern Latin America 454 Pictures and Power: Photography, Politics, and American History 466 Eastern Europe Since 1774 468/568 Russia and the Soviet Union Since 1894 456 Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust 495 Senior Seminar 590 Issues and Methods in History 498 Intern: Public History 498 Intern: Primary Source Newsletter 498 Intern: Black History at UI

*Course list subject to change.

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Meet the Faculty!

Rebecca Scofield

Dale Graden

Alyson Roy

Nicolette Salas

Ellen Kittell

Adam Sowards

Matthew Fox-Amato

Jeff Kyong-McClain

Associate Professor and Chair

Administrative and Financial Specialist

Kerri Clement

Postdoctoral Fellow

Professor

Professor

Associate Professor

Assistant Professor

Professor; Director, Program in Pacific Northwest Studies

Associate Professor; Director of the Idaho Asia Institute

Sean Quinlan Dean, College of Letters, Arts and Social Sciences

Johanna Gosse

Assistant Professor

Pingchao Zhu Professor

Affiliated Faculty Russel Meeuf Professor

Emiritus Faculty Katherine Aiken Professor

Sydney Freeman Jr. Professor

Richard Spence Professor

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Faculty News and Recent Publications The History Department welcomes Dr. Kerri Clement, a new postdoctoral fellow in the department and the UI Society of Fellows! Dr. Clement's current book manuscript, tentatively titled “Wonderland’s Festering Wound: Indigenous Peoples, Animals, and Brucellosis in Twentieth-Century Yellowstone and Montana Borderlands,” examines the long history of animal diseases.

Dr. Fox-Amato gave talks about his scholarship through the NYU Institute of African American Affairs & Center for Black Visual Culture and the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery in 2021.

Dr. Graden has submitted an essay to the journal Almanack (Sao Paulo) entitled “The Voice of Agitation should Roll Across the Broad Atlantic”: Caribbean Ties to the Suppression of the Transatlantic Slave Trade to Brazil."

Dr. Kittells’ article “What’s in a First Name? The Correlation of Personal Identity with Economic Autonomy in Medieval Flanders” is currently under revision for The Journal of Women’s History.

Dr. Kyong-McClain’s essay, "Reaching Tibet: Anglophone Protestant Missionaries and the Chinese Civilizing Mission", will appear in the Autumn 2021 issue of The Newsletter of the International Institute for Asian Studies.

Dr. Roy is working on a book, Circulating Triumph: Conquest Imagery and its Reception in the Roman Republic, which is under contract with Univ. of Texas Press Dr Scofield has a new book, Slapping Leather: Sport and Performance at the Gay Rodeo, under contract with the Univ. of Washington Press Dr. Sowards published An Open Pit Visible from the Moon: The Wilderness Act and the Fight to Protect Miners Ridge and the Public Interest (Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 2020) Dr. Quinlan, Dean of CLASS, published a book, Morbid Undercurrents: Medical Subcultures in Postrevolutionary France. (Cornell, 2021)

Affiliate Faculty

Dr. Freeman published “10 Steps to Being an Endowed Chair or Distinguished Professor” with Inside Higher Education (October 26, 2021) Dr. Gosse has a forthcoming collection, co-edited with Timothy Stott, titled Nervous Systems: Art, Systems, and Politics Since the 1960s. (Duke, Feb. 2022)

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Student and Alumni Interviews We asked students, both current and former, questions about history and their time at the University of Idaho. Here is what they had to say: How do you think your history coursework at the University of Idaho can be applied to your majors other that history specifically?

I feel as though my major in Cybersecurity is one of the most useful professions to apply what I learned from my history courses. Studying history extends beyond the classroom and into everyday life. In a field where there is such little diversity, it can be easy to become complacent when it comes to expanding one's perspective. Taking history courses taught me to look beyond my own perspective and to try to understand the world from a lens other than my own. Now that I can recognize how a limited perspective can perpetuate oppression, I can work every day in small interactions to make a difference. I have a greater audience to make a lasting impact on because there is such little variation when it comes to intersectionality.

-Kyle Ledoux. Current Cybersecurity student.

What drew you to the history program at The University of Idaho?

When I first started at the University of Idaho, I was not a history major, but I loved history and wanted to take a few history courses as a freshman. I took Professor Soward’s American Environmental History course and was hooked from the moment I stepped into the classroom on the first day. The course was engaging, interesting, and highlighted that history was more than solely learning about “why America is great.” I loved the course because it taught me to think critically, write better, and analyze American history in a way I had not before. After a semester of the course, I switched my major to history and never regretted it. The professors are engaging and work hard to ensure you are learning more than historical knowledge, they teach you how to engage with source material, think critically, and write effectively.

-Saraya Flaig U of I Graduate 2020. B.A. History & minors in Political Science & Spanish.

I went [to U of I] as a Social Studies and Secondary Education double major.

When I got there I did not have a very good experience with the education program. I did however have an amazing first history class. I took HIST 111 with Dr. Quinlan in the Spring of 2018 and switched my major to only History 3 weeks into the semester.

He brought me into the program really with his teaching, standing on one side of the room and yelling in German, then running to the other side and yelling in French. He then walked to the center of the room and said, “and that my friends was World War 1.”

He helped me find an interest in the wonderous world of history and how to do very interesting research.

-Emma Williams U of I Graduate 2021. History B.A.

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Student and Alumni Interviews Where has your degree in history taken you?

Since U of I, my degree allowed me to be the Education Fellow for the National Center for Civil and Human Rights and work at a non-profit in Seattle specializing in holistic support for home insecure families. It has also led me to my current MA studies in Politics and Education at Teachers College, Columbia University where I am a Zankel Fellow for REACH, Teaching Assistant for the Center for Public Research and Leadership at Columbia Law School, and a Research Compliance Assistant for the Teachers College Institutional Review Board.

-Chloe O'Neill U of I Graduate 2018. History B.A. & minor in Religious Studies.

It has taken me to graduate school at the University of Virginia. I am working on my MA in Early American History. In the future I will be getting my PhD. -Emma Williams U of I Graduate 2021. History B.A. If you had one piece of advice for future/current students at the U of I, what would it be?

My advice for students would be to get involved outside the classroom and take advantage of all the free events and program U of I offers. You never know what opportunities are there until you seek them out, and then more doors will open for you.

-Saraya Flaig U of I Graduate 2020. B.A. History minors in Political Science & Spanish.

Historical studies can inform several industries and the skills you learn from the history department provide critical frames for plenty of modern systems. Critically think of your experience, be eager to ask and learn about other peoples' experiences, and press into ways you can connect your historical study skills into modern systems that would greatly benefit from that critical perspective.

-Chloe O'Neill U of I Graduate 2018. History B.A. & minor in Religious Studies.

Do not be afraid to ask for help. When I did, I was helped to find scholarships, applying to study abroad, letters of recommendations, and job opportunities. The staff and faculty of the history department are here to help us move forward and they will do everything in their power to help us.

-Emma Williams U of I Graduate 2021. History B.A. Take classes outside your major! General education classes can do a great job at this if you allow them to. I would encourage current/future students to put effort into learning something new. College is perfect for making a lasting impression on your life.

The world could do better off with more diverse thinkers, so take advantage of this unique opportunity.

-Kyle Ledoux. Current Cybersecurity student.

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History in Your Backyard!

Interview with Dr. Katrina Eichner

By Kierra Smith

Interested in Archaeology but don’t know where to start? Katrina Eichner and Mark Warner have the scoop for you! During the 2021 summer, Dr. Katrina Eichner and Dr. Mark Warner, two professors at the University of Idaho, conducted an archaeological dig at Fort Sherman in Coeur D’Alene. Although news and finds of the dig are still in the process of being published, Katrina Eichner was gracious enough to give the history newsletter an interview about her start in archaeology, what she found at the dig, and how other students can get involved in archaeology.

Dr. Eichner first got her start in archaeology at Boston University where she began in an archaeology major. She’d always enjoyed history but found that archaeology had a completely new hands-on perspective to history that she fell in love with. As Eichner continued through archaeology, she became interested in American historical archaeology which eventually led her to investigate the remains of Fort Sherman in Coeur D’Alene, Idaho. Dr. Warner, who paved the way to the dig through his connection with anthropologist, Brad Codr, at North Idaho College, co-lead this summer’s dig alongside his colleague, Dr. Eichner.

Conducting the dig wasn’t just that easy though, Eichner says. They needed to get in touch with the Coeur D’Alene tribe because much of their history was tied directly to Fort Sherman and the impact of the U.S. Military in the area. Jill Wagner, the tribe’s historic preservation officer, was also involved to keep the Coeur D’Alene tribe’s interests in mind in relation to the potential project happening at Fort Sherman.

The purpose of the dig, Eichner says, was in part to better understand the history of Fort Sherman, particularly the roles that Black soldiers, women, and children occupied at the site; “The military bridged with civilian life”, she puts it.

Another important aspect of knowledge to be had on the grounds of Fort Sherman is from the Coeur D’Alene tribe’s perspective. The United States military’s role in the West was one of colonial occupation; for the Couer D’Alene, the fort’s history is fraught. “When telling the history of marginalized groups, like camp followers or soldiers of color, we have to also be aware of how these individuals also supported and benefitted from the disenfranchisement of Native communities. Their stories are complex,” warns Eichner.

The tribe was very affected by the development of this fort, as were many other Native groups throughout the U.S. during American military occupation. the purpose of the dig was to find material that could create a more holistic picture of what life was like in 19th century Coeur D’Alene for everyone involved, not just the high ranking officers that worked at Fort Sherman.

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History in Your Backyard! (Cont.)

Another goal of the field school was to provide affordable professional training for students interested in pursuing a career in archaeology. By learning hands-on survey and excavation skills, students gained valuable experience that can get them hired by Culture Resource Management firms around the region or even help them get into graduate programs. “In archaeology, you have to learn by doing.

Our goal at UI is to make sure students get first hand experience contributing to ongoing research,” says Eichner.

The materials that Eichner and the team uncovered at Fort Sherman were very indicative of domestic life there, and if you’re just dying to see what they found good news! Eichner just conducted an eight-week lab class on the materials excavated from Fort Sherman and future publication of these findings willbe found in a thesis by Anthropology masters student, Katie Kitch, at the University of Idaho Library. There is also a Vandal Explorers video by sophomore, Savannah Johnson, who used a gopro to record her experience at the dig in Coeur D’Alene; you can access the footage here: https://www.uidaho.edu/class/csj/students-andalumni/johnson.

If archaeology interests you and you have more questions, both Dr. Eichner and Dr. Warner can be reached through their university emails. You can also learn more about future internships and opportunities in archaeology by keeping an eye on courses offered in Anthropology such as the bio archaeology class offered in the spring, and internships around the region and country, such as the National Council for Preservation Education (NCPE), or local internships with the Forest Service.

The best way to find out about these internships and opportunities in archaeology is to contact Dr. Eichner or Dr. Warner directly, so don’t be scared to email them!

There are also positions available at the University of Idaho in the Alfred W. Bowers Lab to work on archaeological collections. Contact Leah Evans-Janke, the collections manager, with questions about how to get involved. If you more specific questions about archaeology in Idaho, Dr. Mark Warner is the man to speak to! He’s been conducting digs in Idaho with multiple different agencies, and he’s a leader in Idaho Public Archaeology (IPA), which focuses on regional archaeological opportunities to give students hands-on skills and training opportunities in archaeology.

Katrina Eichner, Assistant Professor - katrinae@uidaho.edu Mark Warner, Professor - mwarner@uidaho.edu Leah Evans-Janke - Leahe@uidaho.edu

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A "Campfire Worthy" Tale Dr. Sowards discusses his most recent publication and receiving the Hal K. Rothman Award for Best Book in Environmental history.

By Edward Payne

This year, Dr. Sowards, from the University of Idaho’s History department was awarded the prestigious Hal K. Rothman Book Prize for the “best book in environmental history” from The Western History Association for his recent publication: An Open Pit Visible From the Moon: The Wilderness Act and the Fight to Protect Miners Ridge and the Public Interest. Since 1961, The Western History Association has hosted a broad membership ranging from academic scholars and leaders in the field, to recreational historians who have a passion for the history of the North American West. The purpose of this association is to promote “the study of the North American West in varied aspects and broadest sense.” Every year the association grants a number of awards for books and other public history research in recognition of innovative, thought provoking, and significant works.

Dr. Sowards has been with the University of Idaho since 2003 serving as a professor and director of the Program of Pacific Northwest Studies. As an environmental historian, Dr. Sowards’s primary focus has been on public history, particularly in the west. He is also an affiliated faculty member of American Indian Studies, Environmental Science, Water Resources, and American Studies. From this diverse background, he has helped to further the understanding and discussion of history among students both graduate and undergraduate. A voracious researcher, Dr. Sowards also has a number of publications in the form of books, journal articles and individual book chapters, many of which can be accessed through the University’s Library. I was fortunate enough to have the opportunity to speak with Dr. Sowards and discuss both his new book An Open Pit Visible From the Moon and his award.

The inspiration for An Open Pit Visible From the Moon might be seen as a meeting place between Dr. Sowards’s prior research in his book “The Environmental Justice: William O. Douglas and American Conservation.” and a request to write a chapter for a book that a friend was editing at the time. Sowards notes how his previous research had made him aware of the Glacier Peak Mine and Justice Douglas’s 1967 protest of the mine as the place where he first encountered the story. Intending to only write a chapter for a friend, Sowards set out to research. However, as Sowards states “As I started doing the research, it grew far more interesting. It was a bigger deal than I realized, and I thought it would make a good story; and then I realized that I didn’t have a chapter, I had a book!”

Sowards goes on to explain how one small chapter snowballed into something much larger. “I did one research trip and almost immediately realized that I could write the chapter of course, but there is far more, it would be fun!

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A Campfire Worthy Tale (cont.)

It was clear to me that there were a lot of fun stories to tell and part of being a historian is telling stories; and this looked like a really great opportunity to do that.”

In describing the premise of his book Dr. Sowards made two points, “My book seeks to understand how a popular campaign against a proposed open pit mine produces challenges to a multinational corporation [Kennecott Mining]” and also how “this campaign was the first 'test' to see if this loophole would work.” The loophole that Sowards is referring to here is a concession in the 1964 Wilderness Act that allowed mining companies 20 years to stake a claim to mining areas within the wilderness boundaries. As is often the case with legislation, this concession was necessary for the passage of the bill regardless of the obvious incompatibility. Dr. Sowards recalls the arguments of activists and conservationists of the time stating “if you desecrate a wilderness once, it's over…. If you dig an open pit mine, you don't have wilderness there.. At least for millenia.” Dr. Sowards’s book details the struggle over the goals of the mining companies and those of the greater public interest in protecting the Glacier Peak Wilderness area.

On receiving the Hal K. Rothaman award, Dr. Sowards described the moment as an “enormous shock” and as something that he had not expected “in his wildest dreams.”

Although he had received an award from the Western History Association before, it was clear that there was something more significant about this particular award. At one point in our conversation he shared a moving story about Hal K. Rothman and how the two were introduced when Sowards was still a graduate student. “I met him at one of the very first professional conferences that I attended, I was a graduate student and yet he still had time for me.” This would be the beginning of a friendship that lasted until Rothman’s untimely death from Lou Gehrig’s disease in 2007. With a nostalgic smile and somber tone, Sowards simply summed it up by saying that “It is a real honor to have [been given] an award named after him.”

In the end, the greater public interest prevailed. While one mine, in one wilderness area might seem like a small event in the greater scheme of things, this was a victory of no small significance: “This campaign showed that it was not feasible to actually exercise that mining exception within the wilderness act.” Today the Glacier Peak Wilderness area is still intact and awe inspiring as ever. Although one might not know it standing on one of its many peaks, or along the countless trails, it stands as a testament to the efforts of Justice Douglass, countless activists, conservationists, scientists, and scholars who worked tirelessly for the sake of the greater public interest. This story might have been another footnote in the annals of history, but Dr. Sowards's book brings the story to light in what one reviewer described as a “campfire worthy tale.”

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Handshake for Students!

What are you going to do with your degree? That question can seem really scary to most college undergraduates, but it's inevitably something you'll need to consider. Luckily, there are tools provided by the University to alleviate the stress that comes with that question.

Handshake is one of those tools provided by the University to set students up for success in entering the working field.

Handshake is an online platform for employers and employees to interact. It's super easy to create a login and get started in looking for jobs that might interest you, and here's the best part: Handshake does most of the work for you! You just need to sign up to follow the instructions. The simple, one step process to get started on Handshake is: Login: Since U of I is partnered with Handshake, you can search your Vandal email for an email from Career services introducing you to Handshake! Or you can google Handshake, and find the 'sign up' button. This button will prompt you to type in your Vandal email, and the website will guide you from there!

Handshake also makes it easy to narrow your interests in jobs and employers, provide contact information as you search for jobs, and notify you about job opportunities that you might be interested in! It's also easy to upload your resume and cover letter to the website to make applying for jobs easier than scrolling mindlessly on Instagram!

One last question that many students have about Handshake: What if I don't have a resume or cover letter? Learning how to create a good resume and cover letter can be as scary as thinking past graduation, but once again U of I has your back. If you already have a resume and cover letter that you're unsure about, you can actually take them to the writing center tutors in the TLC to get help! If you don't have a resume and cover letter, there are plenty of resources online to create one! All you have to do is google 'resume and cover letter builder' and away you go!

For more help navigating Handshake, copy this link to use the Handshake support page! https://support.joinhandshake.com/hc/en-us/articles/218693368-Getting-Started-with-Handshake

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Internship at The Idaho Black History Museum Kayla George and her experience this past summer.

By Edward Payne

St. Paul Baptist Church was founded in Boise, Idaho in 1909 by Rev. William Riley Hardy. For the better part of a decade the church held services at members' homes and a number of other temporary locations until its congregation had simply grown too large. In 1921, a lot on 124 Broadway Avenue was purchased from Mrs. Narcisa Gesta. St. Paul’s Baptist Church flourished here at this location until 1993, when once again, the congregation had reached capacity and sought a larger place of worship. However, this would not be the end of this building's legacy. In 1982 the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places with the official documentation noting its significance “as one of two churches still in existence in Idaho with a predominantly black congregation…” as well as “provid[ing] an important meeting place for black people in Boise long before other social organizations were established.” The original church was eventually moved to Julia Davis Park in 1998 through the efforts of Mary Hardy Buckner and her daughter Cherie Buckner-Web. Today the church still serves the community as a place of spiritual, cultural, political and historical understanding as The Idaho Black History Museum.

I recently had the opportunity to speak with Kayla George about her internship this summer at the museum. Here is what she had to say.

What drew you to this particular internship?

Kayla- This opportunity came around in 2021, and while the social media surrounding Black Lives Matter had died down since 2020, it hadn’t for me. I knew this was something I was passionate about. I wanted to become more educated myself and educated those around me. I was in school because I wanted to teach history, yet there was this whole side of Idaho history that I knew nothing about. That didn’t sit right with me. This internship gave me the opportunity to learn about my state, and I am excited to take what I have learned and share it with my students. It also gave me the opportunity to learn about myself and check what biases I unintentionally held.

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Interview (Cont.)

Could you explain your work at the Idaho Black History Museum?

Kayla- My work at the Idaho Black History Museum felt like a catch all of things.

Every day I was there, I was interacting with patrons, introducing the exhibits, and answering what questions I could. A lot of my talking with patrons was sharing the snippets of history I had learned from my time there. We also had an exhibit on the race riots that took place across the country about a hundred years ago. It was interesting to learn about the 32 riots that took place, especially since around the time those were happening, the church that would eventually become the museum, was being built at the same time. There is power in that juxtaposition. I also helped with administrative work, organizing things and cleaning the museum itself out. I got to help with ideas and bridging the gap between the adults who run the museum and the demographics they wanted to reach, a younger audience.

What was your favorite/ most memorable part of this internship?

Kayla- Two things stick out to me when I read this question. The first moment that stuck out to me was our Juneteenth celebration. The museum had an event to celebrate, and I was lucky enough to give a speech to introduce the event that day. As someone who dislikes public speaking, it was completely nerve-wracking. But that is how important it was to me. My voice was not used to speak over those whose history we were celebrating but was instead used to help bridge the gap that exists between black and white people. That was such a cool opportunity. The other part that stuck out to me was less of a moment and more of an aspect of the museum. Seeing moments of connection made between patrons when they came to visit was amazing. We have all felt isolated in these times, so to get to see people out in the world again and have moments of human connection was cool to witness.

If the idea of taking part in an internship such as this interests you, keep an eye out for the call for applications. It will be circulated in January for the Summer 2022 internships.

Historical information about St. Paul Baptist church and the Idaho Black History Museum retrieved from the museum website and the National Register of Historic Places. For more information please visit https://ibhm.squarespace.com/ Photos provided by Kayla George.

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Phi Alpha Theta

National History Honor Society

“Phi Alpha Theta is a great way to connect with fellow history students and professors. Often as a history major it can be easy to become or feel isolated due to the nature of research. It’s beneficial to have opportunities to connect with other history majors who understand the primary research endeavor and may have tips for newer history students. Building connections is what Phi Alpha Theta is all about, making a community within universities between history majors and professors, creating a more inviting environment within the history department. Once part of the PAT honor society, the membership is for life. That includes access to regional conferences and the newsletter, and connections to the multiple national chapters.”

-Margret Stone. Member of PAT University of Idaho Chapter

Requirements:

Undergraduates must have a minimum of 12 semester hours (4 courses) in history, achieve a minimum 3.1 GPA in history and a 3.0 or better GPA overall.

Graduates should have completed a minimum of 12 semester hours toward their master’s degree in history, have a GPA of better than 3.5, and shall have completed approximately 30 percent of the residence requirements for the master’s degree Students do not have to be a history major to apply. *$40.00 initiation fee covers lifetime membership For more information please contact the U of I's chapter advisor Dr. Ellen Kittell - kittell@uidaho.edu

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Note From the Editors

As we wrap up another semester at the University of Idaho, it's hard not to acknowledge that there is a different feeling in the air. This year, it seems that things are starting to return back to some normalcy.

With this, we have seen a desire for connection with others that was impossible or at the very best, difficult to achieve in the past year. This year, we wanted to focus this newsletter on getting reconnected and returning to normal. Although faculty and students alike have proved their resiliency through the pandemic, it's time to get involved once more and check out what others are up to. As we head into this spring semester, we encourage you to make an extra effort in stepping out of your comfort zone and getting reconnecting with friends, colleagues, students, and professors. Go Vandals!

- Edward and Kierra

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Have a safe and fun Winter break

See you next Spring !