Olowalu Report_Volume 2_0731_2026

OLOWALU: THE ROAD TO RESILIENCE PROJECT REPORT | VOLUME 02 University of Hawai‘i Community Design Center The Nature Conservancy Hawai‘i and Palmyra

JULY 2026

Note: This report summarizes academic, community-engaged proof-of-concept design research and serves as a visionary educational tool intended to foster dialogue about future opportunities for resilience along the Olowalu–Ukumehame coastal corridor. The document explores speculative long-term design scenarios and does not serve as a traditional planning document.

Suggested Citation: Stilgenbauer, J., et al., July 2026, “Olowalu: The Road to Resilience”. Prepared by the University of Hawai‘i Community Design Center (UHCDC) for The Nature Conservancy, Hawai‘i and Palmyra (TNC).

TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 01

01

Introduction

02

Existing Plans and Projects ...................................................................................................

11

2.1

14

03

1.1

........................................................................................................................

Background, Timeline, and Scope

Honoapi‘ilani Highway Improvements EIS (HDOT)

441

6

2.2 Other Transportation and Infrastructure Plans

22

2.3 Coastal Resilience Studies

32

2.4 Built Precedent Projects

40

Site Conditions ...........................................................................................................................

49

3.1

52

Site History

3.2 Site Inventory and Analysis

04

3

58

Community Engagement and Co-Design ......................................................................... 187 4.1

Initial Community and Stakeholder Engagement

190

4.2 Co-Design Phase 1

280

4.3 Co-Design Phase 2

372

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

VOLUME 02

05

Proof-of-Concept Design Approach .................................................................................... 443 5.1

Project Goals

446

5.2 Project Timeline/SLR-XA Datums

460

5.3 Catalytic Site Selection

466

06

Overall Project Area P.O.C. Design ........................................................................................ 475

07

Catalytic Site 1 P.O.C. Design ................................................................................................... 505

08

09

10

6.1

7.1

Project Area Scale Plans

478

Background

508

7.2 Analysis

514

7.3 Site Plans

530

7.4 Transects

540

7.5 Perspectives

550

Catalytic Site 2 P.O.C. Design ................................................................................................... 561 8.1

Background

564

8.2 Analysis

570

8.3 Site Plans

586

8.4 Transects

596

8.5 Perspectives

606

Catalytic Site 3 P.O.C. Design ................................................................................................... 617 9.1

Background

620

9.2 Analysis

626

9.3 Site Plans

642

9.4 Transects

652

9.5 Perspectives

662

Cost Estimate ..................................................................................................................................673 10.1 Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) Cost Summary

676

Sources ......................................................................................................................................... 757 The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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3 0

04

05 PROOF-OFCONCEPT DESIGN APPROACH 443

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

Chapter 5 explains the proof-of-concept design approach for this project. Building on the information summarized in Chapters 2, 3, and 4 above, this chapter outlines project goals, existing site conditions, and key datasets, including SLR-XA datums and projected scenarios. It clarifies how ridge-to-reef relationships, ecological processes, access, and cultural priorities have shaped the proposed vision for the Olowalu Ukumehame coastal area.

In the context of this project, proof of concept describes a scope of work that includes stakeholder involvement, applied research, conceptual planning, and design investigation. It informs subsequent fundraising or budget requests, as well as procurement of planning and design professionals. These services are preliminary and typically include, but are not limited to, a set of analyses, applied research, design schemes, criteria, and initial costs that assist with future project justification and project definition. Proof-of-concept services are typically ahead of and not in lieu of design services provided by professional consultants. However, proof-of-concept design services can be continued concurrent to professional consultants to oversee the continuity of the proof-of-concept intents.

Chapters 6 through 9 below document the actual near- and long-term proof-of-concept (P.O.C.) design visions for the overall Olowalu: The Road to Resilience project area and three exemplary catalytic sites.

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Catalytic Site 3 long-term proof-of-concept vision - Ukumehame Wetlands (UHCDC)

5.1

Project Goals and Design Strategies As indicted in the report introduction above, the Olowalu: The Road to Resilience project intends to increase the ecological, social, cultural, recreational, and economic benefits that the Olowalu-Ukumehame area’s coastal landscapes and ecosystems provide by strengthening existing relationships and reducing pressures on the reef system. The proof-of-concept design work aims to improve coastal and community resilience to help mitigate and adapt to the growing impacts of climate change, including sea level rise.

Within this framework, Chapter 5 summarizes the project’s specific proof-of-concept design goals and objectives. It demonstrates how design priorities are translated into spatial strategies that respond to environmental systems, community values, and projected change over time.

The overall project area vision (Chapter 6 below) is organized through a ridge-to-reef lens, aligning ecological processes, access networks, and cultural landscapes into an integrated system. It defines relationships between key design components and establishes where interventions are applied.

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PROJECT GOALS & DESIGN STRATEGIES

Project Goals Overview Project goals were established to guide design decisions across the Olowalu–Ukumehame coastal corridor. They are informed by the community engagement and co-design process Chapter 4 (above) and a synthesis of site analysis, including environmental systems, land use patterns, and hazard exposure. Three interrelated goal categories—place and community, ecology and habitat, and climate and hazards— form a framework that has guided discussions and helped identify shared priorities for the project area.

These design priorities respond to both community input and site conditions. They define key areas of focus, guide the proof-of-concept 447

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design process, and inform both near-term and long-term interventions within the overall project area.

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience incorporates the project goals (pictured above) in an integrated and balanced way, rather than focusing on flood control alone. The proposed coastal resilience design responds to its location’s socio-ecological idiosyncrasies, anticipates future variable environmental conditions, and relies heavily on adaptive nature-based solutions (NBS) that are inspired by, and incorporate, Hawaiian biocultural land-water practices and modern-day interpretations of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK).

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Correlating Goals With Co-Design Feedback The three bullet points below summarize how goals align with community feedback and priorities from the project’s engagement an co-design phases:

1

Long-Term: Address long-term environmental pressures, including overfishing, pollution, and wind impacts. Plan for sea level rise through phased adaptation and infrastructure relocation. Establish responsibility for land care, roadway maintenance, and hazard mitigation.

Place and Community

Near-Term: Improve access to beaches, trails, and coastal areas, including ADA and emergency routes. Provide essential amenities such as restrooms, showers, shade, and wind protection.

Improve parking management and address concerns related to safety and encampments.

Long-Term: Protect and enhance access to beaches, campsites, and trail networks. Expand facilities and amenities, including showers, shade, and drop-off areas. Support community-based land use and promote education on respectful site use.

2

Place and Community Project Goal Icon

Ecology and Habitat

Near-Term: Restore streams, wetlands, loʻi, and fishpond systems using biocultural practices.

Protect native ecosystems and support traditional fishing practices. Use restoration efforts to support education and community stewardship.

Ecology and Habitat Project Goal Icon

Long-Term: Restore and protect native habitats while managing invasive species. Support biocultural practices and strengthen long-term stewardship. Clarify land ownership, management, and maintenance responsibilities.

3

Climate and Hazards

Near-Term: Address immediate risks related to cesspools, flooding, fire, and pollution. Improve planning for sea level rise through modeling and near-term adaptation. Clarify roles, responsibilities, and timelines for hazard mitigation efforts.

Climate and Hazards Project Goal Icon

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PROJECT GOALS & DESIGN STRATEGIES

Olowalu farmers market (UHCDC, 2025)

Place and Community The Parklands and Recreational Facilities mapping from the Honoapiʻilani Highway Improvements Final Environmental Impact Statement was used to understand how the public currently accesses and uses the Olowalu–Ukumehame coastline (FHWA and HDOT 2025). This dataset identifies a series of beach and shoreline access points distributed along the corridor, including both formally designated parks and informal access locations. Together, these provide a baseline understanding of where and how the coastline is currently experienced.

Review of this mapping revealed that access to the shoreline is not continuous, but occurs at discrete locations distributed along the highway corridor. Beach parks function as primary nodes of activity, while informal pull-offs and roadside entry points provide additional access opportunities. Movement is largely oriented 449

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

along the Honoapiʻilani Highway, with engagement occurring at points where physical access is possible. This results in a dispersed pattern of use, where the coastline is experienced through a sequence of arrival points rather than as a continuous public landscape.

During the engagement and co-design phases of the Olowalu: The Road to Resilience project, members of the local community voiced their clear preference and desire for continued access to the shoreline post highway relocation. The pattern of existing coastal access described above highlights important differences between sites. While many locations support short-term recreational use, others accommodate a broader range of activities that extend beyond shoreline access. These include gathering, longer-duration use, and interactions that are not strictly tied to the shoreline itself. The

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Final Environmental Impact Statement identifies a cluster of small businesses in Olowalu, including Olowalu General Store, Leoda’s Kitchen and Pie Shop, and the Olowalu Farmers Market, which serve both residents and visitors traveling through the corridor (FHWA and HDOT 2025).

These uses contribute to a concentration of activity that is not present at other access points.

In addition to contemporary use, Olowalu reflects a layered historical landscape. The Olowalu Landing area, identified in the Final Environmental Impact Statement as the primary parking area for Olowalu Beach, contains remnant structures associated with the former sugar plantation. These features reflect past agricultural and industrial uses that have shaped the present-day condition ofMaui, theUkumehame site. The area Honoapiʻilani Highway Improvements Project, West to Launiupoko Fincurrently al Environmentafunctions l Impact Statemeas nt an informal access point.

It continues to support active use, including shoreline FIGURE 3.1-2. Paccess, roject Area Lgathering, and Uses: Olowaluand small-scale cultivation.

Together, these conditions indicate that Olowa-

lu functions as more than a point of entry to the coastline. Instead, it operates as a place-based node within the corridor, where shoreline access, economic activity, and historical landscape intersect. This distinguishes it from other shoreline access points, which are more limited in function and duration of use.

While patterns of access and recreation occur throughout the corridor, this analysis highlights that not all sites contribute equally to the goal of place and community. Sites that support multiple forms of use, particularly those that combine access with social and economic activity, play a more significant role in shaping the identity cultural and place-making of the project area.

Through this lens, Olowalu Town emerged as the site most strongly aligned with the goal of place and community, informing its selection as a catalytic site within the overall project area scale proof-of-concept design.

Final EIS Project Area Land Uses: Olowalu (FHWA & HDOT, Honoapiʻilani Highway Improvements Project FEIS, 2025) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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Photo 31. 1řQř (Branta&sandvicensis) Resting Under the Shade of the Classroom Building in PROJECT GOALS DESIGN STRATEGIES Ukumehame Firing Range on January 3, 2023

Hawaiian32.

Stilt orHawaiian Aeʻo, Himantopus knudseni, at Ukumehame Firing Range onknudseni) January 4, 2023at (FHWA & HDOT, Honoapiʻilani Photo Stiltmexicanus or aeʿo (Himantopus mexicanus Ukumehame FiringHighway Range Improvements Project FEIS, 2025) on January 4, 2023

Ecology and Habitat The Olowalu-Ukumehame coastal corridor con-

ogy, sediment transport, and nearshore condi-

The Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) identifies the area as a coastal dryland ecosystem typical of leeward Hawaiʻi, where vegetation is largely dominated by nonnative and invasive species due to a history of agricultural use, wildfire, and infrastructure development (FHWA and HDOT 2025). These conditions reflect a landscape that has been significantly altered, resulting in fragmented habitat systems and reduced ecological performance, biodiversity, and continuity.

freshwater and marine systems interact, creating conditions that can support habitat even within a modified landscape.

Honoapiʿilani Highway Improvement Project— H. T.and Harvey & Associates tains ecological systems shaped by both natural 32 tions. Low-lying coastal areas remnant wetDRAFT Biological Report human disturbance.

November 2023 processes andSurvey long-term lands support transitional environments where

Despite these changes, important ecological functions persist across the project area. Stream systems, including Olowalu and Ukumehame, provide critical connections between mauka and makai environments, influencing hydrol451

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

Review of ecological data and field observations revealed that these functions are not evenly distributed. Certain areas exhibit greater ecological significance due to the presence of water, lower elevation, and connectivity to coastal processes. The FEIS documents the presence of native and endangered waterbird species, including aeʻo (Hawaiian stilt) and nēnē (Hawaiian goose), within the Ukumehame area (FHWA and HDOT 2025). These observations indicate that, despite overall landscape disturbance, this location continues to function as habitat within a broader ecological network.

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The Ukumehame area is also characterized by low-lying topography and hydrologic conditions that make it particularly responsive to coastal processes. Sea level rise exposure mapping indicates that projected future inundation will extend further inland in this area compared to other portions of the coastal corridor, influenced by both surface flooding and groundwater dynamics. This creates conditions where ecological processes, including wetland formation and habitat expansion, may become more pronounced over time.

In addition to ecological value, the presence of the adjacent Ukumehame Firing Range introduces an additional layer of complexity. The site has been the subject of ongoing discussion regarding its long-term use, reflecting competing perspectives related to safety, access, and land management. These overlapping conditions position Ukumehame as a location where ecological systems, environmental change, and human use intersect in dynamic ways.

This analysis demonstrates that ecological conditions within the project area are not uniform, but concentrated in locations where hydrology, elevation, and habitat potential align. Sites that support these processes offer opportunities not only for preservation, but for restoration and enhancement within the context of changing environmental conditions.

Through this lens, the Ukumehame beach park and wetland area emerged as the site most strongly aligned with the goal of ecology and habitat, where hydrologic processes, habitat function, and future environmental change converge.

Ukumehame after Kona-low storms (Mark Deakos & TNC, March 2026) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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PROJECT GOALS & DESIGN STRATEGIES

Ocean water from king tide flooding inundates Honoapiʻilani Highway near Mile Marker 14 in Olowalu (Maui Now, Asa Ellison, 2019)

Climate and Hazards The Olowalu–Ukumehame coastal corridor is subject to a range of coastal hazards that influence the long-term function of land, infrastructure, and public access. The Final Environmental Impact Statement identifies flooding, wave overtopping, shoreline erosion, and drainage limitations as key processes affecting the corridor (FHWA and HDOT 2025). These hazards are closely tied to the physical relationship between the coastline and the existing Honoapiʻilani Highway alignment.

In many locations, the highway is situated immediately adjacent to the shoreline, limiting the ability of coastal systems to migrate inland and increasing exposure to wave action and erosion. Low-lying areas are particularly vulnerable to flooding, where high water levels, storm events, and constrained drainage contribute to recurring inundation. These conditions affect 453

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

not only infrastructure performance, but also the safety and accessibility of shoreline access points. Analysis of hazard conditions across the corridor revealed that exposure is not uniform, but varies based on elevation, shoreline configuration, and proximity to coastal processes. Certain locations exhibit a more direct interaction between infrastructure and the ocean, where the effects of flooding, erosion, and wave action are already evident.

Mile Marker 14 illustrates this condition.

Although not formally designated as a beach park, it is a well-used snorkeling location accessed through informal roadside pull-offs, which contribute to erosion and sediment issues. The absence of defined parking and circulation creates safety concerns for both vehicles and pedestrians, particularly along a highway corridor where stopping conditions are limit-

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ed. At the same time, the site remains a valued recreational location, indicating a disconnect between its level of use and the infrastructure provided to support it.

The site is further shaped by the convergence of intermittent stream systems, including Kailiʻili, which influence sediment movement, drainage, and nearshore conditions. These processes contribute to a dynamic coastal environment where flooding and erosion are ongoing, and where future conditions are likely to become more unstable with sea level rise.

Cultural resources also influence the limits of intervention at this location. The presence of a nearby heiau establishes the area as culturally sensitive, requiring careful consideration of land use and development. As identified in the Final Environmental Impact Statement, Native Hawaiian cultural sites must be protected and integrated into planning decisions, constraining the type and extent of potential interventions (FHWA and HDOT 2025). This combination of high public use, environmental exposure, and cultural constraint highlights the complexity of hazard conditions within the corridor. Sites such as Mile Marker 14 demonstrate that areas of greatest risk are often also areas of continued use, requiring approaches that balance safety, access, and environmental change.

catalytic site where infrastructure vulnerability, coastal processes, and cultural constraints intersect. In this location, the overarching project goals of climate and hazard, as well as place and community, merge in mutually important ways.

Coastal Resilience Climate-resilient socio-ecological waterfront systems result where the project goals identified above overlap and design objectives intersect. By investigating past, present, and planned shoreline conditions, the Olowalu: The Road to Resilience project advocates for the anticipation of climate-crisis challenges through forward-looking visioning, planning, and design, embracing dynamic conditions, such as coastal flooding, rather than preventing them.

The large-scale, long-term visioning concepts depicted in Chapter 6 below propose connected, varied, and dynamic networks of open spaces and waterfront conditions that decrease coastal vulnerabilities by responding to shoreline changes and issues related to aging infrastructure. The project features multi-purpose coastal green infrastructure systems, linked public open spaces, multi-purpose paths and elevated boardwalks, and networks of ecological priority zones as essential drivers of the Olowalu-Ukumehame coastal corridors future resilient form and function.

Through this lens, Mile Marker 14 emerged as a

Mile Marker 14 after Kona-low storms (Mark Deakos & TNC, March 2026) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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Kauai Bike Path: multimodal access and connectivity with project color overlay (adapted by UHCDC from Kauai Path, 2024)

Design Strategies Overview The concepts summarized in this section establish the foundational strategies that inform the proof-of-concept design for the Olowalu-Ukumehame coastal corridor. Building on community priorities and site conditions, these concepts frame how the design responds to sea level rise, ecological restoration, access, and long-term resilience.

1

Open Space Network

The concept of establishing a continuous network of various types of coastal open spaces aims to reconnect communities to the shoreline while supporting ecological and cultural functions. Building on the opportunity created by the Honoapiʻilani Highway realignment, this approach reimagines the project area as a linked system of parks, restored landscapes, nature-based adaptation solutions, and gathering spaces.

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Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

Strategies include: • Create a continuous yet varied coastal open space network • Establish distributed park nodes for recreation, gathering, and cultural use • Integrate restoration areas within public open space systems • Provide flexible spaces that can adapt to changing environmental conditions This concept organizes the project area as a connected public landscape, linking Olowalu, Ukumehame, and surrounding areas through accessible, multifunctional open space.

2

Multimodal Access and Connectivity

A multi-use approach to access supports safe, equitable movement across the corridor while improving connections between mauka and makai. By expanding transportation options beyond vehicular travel, this strategy enhanc-

PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN APPROACH

es daily use, recreation, and emergency access while reducing pressure on a single roadway system.

Strategies include: • Develop multi-use paths for pedestrians and cyclists • Improve mauka-to-makai connections across the project area • Provide safe and accessible routes, including ADA and emergency access • Integrate with proposed regional systems such as the West Maui Greenway This concept establishes a continuous network of movement that connects coastal parks, cultural sites, and ecological areas, supporting both everyday access and long-term resilience.

3

Community Feedback and Iteration

The proof-of-concept design is developed through an iterative process that integrates community knowledge, cultural values, environmental analysis, and resilience planning.

Residents, lineal descendants, cultural practitioners, and other stakeholders participate throughout the engagement process to identify key priorities for the Olowalu–Ukumehame coastline, helping to shape and refine design strategies and program elements.

Co-Design Phase 2, Catalytic Site 3 Long-Term POC Design (UHCDC, November 2025)

By repeatedly responding to community input, the proof-of-concept design reflects a collective vision rather than one developed by a single entity. Representative iterations of proof-of-concept design drawings are included below.

4

Nature-Based Solutions and Biocultural Practices

Nature-based solutions and biocultural practices integrate ecological restoration with traditional knowledge systems, supporting both environmental function and cultural continuity. These approaches strengthen relationships between land, water, and community while enhancing long-term resilience.

Strategies include: • Restore wetlands, loʻi, and nearshore habitats • Establish native vegetation for erosion control and habitat enhancement • Reduce sediment transport through watershed restoration • Integrate traditional stewardship and land management practices This concept supports ridge-to-reef connectivity and reinforces ecological function while maintaining cultural relationships to place.

Co-Design Phase 1, Catalytic Site 3 Long-Term POC Design (UHCDC, June 2025) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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PROJECT GOALS & DESIGN STRATEGIES 5

Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategies

The design approach for the Olowalu-Ukumehame coastal corridor applies a range of sea level rise adaptation strategies to respond to varying levels of exposure across the site. Based on 1.1-foot and 3.2-foot SLR-XA scenarios, these strategies address both near-term and longterm conditions, guiding how different areas of the corridor can function over time.

Rather than relying on a single solution, the approach combines multiple strategies to respond to site-specific conditions, including flooding, erosion, and groundwater inundation.

In Hawaiʻi, adaptation strategies are generally understood as a combination of protection, accommodation, and retreat, each applied based on the timing and severity of coastal hazards (Hawaiʻi Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission 2022).

Nature-Based and Living Systems Soft blue-green infrastructure that supports ecosystem services, increases the distance between water and the built environment, retains and absorbs inundation, attenuates waves, slows erosion, provides habitat, and contributes to biodiversity. Examples: wetlands, tidal marshes, and other living coastal buffers.

Managed Retreat (Relocation) Long-term relocation or removal of existing buildings, infrastructure, and resources out of hazard areas to higher elevations and limited construction of new development in vulnerable areas. Planned withdrawal from the shoreline and/or low-lying zones over time through strategic relocation. Example: Honoapiʻilani Highway re-alignment.

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Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

The key adaptation strategies listed below support a phased and flexible response that can evolve as conditions change. While these strategies have informed the overall project design, they are most clearly visualized at the catalytic site scale, where design interventions are represented in greater detail.

At these locations, strategies are applied to specific site conditions, illustrating how different approaches can be combined to support coastal resilience, maintain access, and accommodate changing environmental processes over time.

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Hardened Shoreline Protection Hard, engineered, linear infrastructure systems designed to defend, armor, and stabilize the shoreline and resources in their current location. Examples: impermeable structures, seawalls, levees, dikes, revetments, groins, breakwaters, riprap, dams, flood gates, storm surge barriers, etc.

Floodable Structures and Landscapes Structures and landscapes designed to withstand and function during inundation events. Accommodating habitable space, critical assets, and vulnerable infrastructure on upper levels or at higher elevations decreases hazard risks and increases resilience to the impacts of sea level rise and flooding.

Elevated Structures and Landscapes Accommodating in place by raising the height of land, infrastructure, buildings, and other resources for existing or new development over time to safer elevations using fill and/or pilings with the goal of decreasing hazard risks and increasing resilience to the impacts of sea level rise and flooding.

Floating Structures and Landscapes Accommodating and adapting in place by floating buildings, transportation elements, and infrastructure designed with fluctuating and rising water levels in mind has the potential to increase resilience to the impacts of sea level rise and flooding. Structures are fastened to the coast or bottom of water with flexible connections.

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3.2’ SLR-XA projection in the Olowalu-Ukumehame coastal corridor (sea level rise data sourced from Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS), September 2024, map adapted by UHCDC) 459

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5.2

Project Timeline and SLR-XA Datums The proof-of-concept visions and design drawings included in Chapters 5 thought 9 below are organized in sequential order, ranging from existing conditions to proposed near-term conditions, followed by proposed long-term conditions.

This subchapter introduces the project’s overarching time scale, which is guided by the anticipated Honoapiʻilani Highway relocation schedule and sea level rise projections from NOAA’s 2022 Intermediate High sea level rise scenario for Hawaiʻi.

1.1 feet of sea level rise, anticipated around 2045—and, more specifically, the 1.1-foot sea level rise exposure area (SLR-XA)—serve as the near-term proof-of-concept design benchmark throughout this project.

3.2 feet of sea level rise, anticipated around 2075 based on current projections—and, more specifically, the 3.2-foot sea level rise exposure area (SLR-XA)—serve as the long-term proof-of-concept design benchmark for Olowalu: The Road to Resilience.

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PROJECT TIMELINE AND SLR-XA DATUMS Design Timescale Sea level rise projections are used to establish a planning timescale for this project, defining near-term and long-term conditions that inform design decisions. These projections are based on regional guidance from the Hawaiʻi Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report and sea level rise scenarios developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

The Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (SLR-XA) represents the combined area of risk from passive sea level rise flooding, annual high-wave flooding, and coastal erosion. By integrating these processes into a single dataset, SLR-XA provides a comprehensive representation of coastal hazard exposure and informs planning and infrastructure decisions (Hawaiʻi Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission 2022).

Sea level rise projections for Hawaiʻi indicate a continued increase in ocean water levels over time, with uncertainty increasing in the latter half of the century. The figure to the right illustrates a range of scenarios developed by NOAA for Hawaiʻi, showing both observed trends and projected future conditions.

For the purposes of this project, two thresholds are used to define the design timescale. Nearterm scenarios are based on approximately 1.1 feet of sea level rise, corresponding to conditions anticipated around 2045. Long-term scenarios are represented by approximately 3.2 feet of sea level rise, corresponding to conditions anticipated around 2075 and consistent with statewide planning benchmarks.

These thresholds are applied through the SLRXA to evaluate how coastal exposure expands over time. By linking projected sea level rise to defined time horizons, the project establishes a framework for phased design, allowing interventions to respond to both current conditions and anticipated future change.

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3.2 ft SLR-XA (Approx. 2075) Long-Term

1.1 ft SLR-XA (Approx. 2045) Near-Term

Diagram adapted from: NOAA 2022 Sea Level Rise Scenarios for Hawaiʻi, Sweet, W

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)

W.V. et al. 2022, Figure: Jaimie Carter (https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/sealevelrise/sealevelrise-tech-report.html) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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PROJECT TIMELINE AND SLR-XA DATUMS

Visualization of project timeline SLR datums and impacts (UHCDC) 463

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Catalytic Sites 1 & 2 highlighted with aerial images (UHCDC) 465

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5.3

Catalytic Site Selection Because the approximately 6-mile-long project area for Olowalu: The Road to Resilience is quite large for a visioning project, proposed overall conceptual design interventions are broad-stroke in character, focusing on the big picture and general recommendations (see Chapter 6 below).

For that reason, the project team decided early on in the process to zoom in to a number of important locations within the Olowalu–Ukumehame corridor to allow for more detailed analysis and design investigation. As a result—based on site inventory and community input—three 2000-ft by 2000-ft coastal sites were selected, each illustrating specific aspects of existing conditions, climate hazards, project goals, design strategies, and potential sea level rise adaptation interventions over time.

The three catalytic sites detail important aspects of the overall proof-of-concept design framework plan. They highlight specific instances of coastal resilience or habitat/cultural restoration accommodations and recreational opportunities—typical adaptation solutions that might also be applicable to other parts of the overall project area.

Studying these locations in greater detail, allowed the project team to propose and visualize tangible conceptual design solutions intended to stimulate discourse and serve as potential models for other, similarly situated areas within the overall project extent.

The following report pages show the location of the project’s three catalytic sites within the overall project area. Report chapters 7 through 9 (below) introduce and analyze the three catalytic site locations’ existing conditions before illustrating proposed near- and long-term conceptual design interventions.

Catalytic Sites: Catalytic Site 1: Olowalu Landing Catalytic Site 2: Mile Marker 14 Catalytic Site 3: Ukumehame Beach Park and Wetlands The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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CATALYTIC SITE SELECTION Existing Conditions

0’

2,000’

4,000’

SCALE: 1” = 2,000’ (if printed on 11”x17”)

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Project Area Conditions and Site Systems The identification of catalytic sites is informed by an overlay of existing corridor conditions, including topography, hydrology, land ownership, and transportation infrastructure. These layers provide a comprehensive understanding of how natural systems and built elements interact across the Olowalu-Ukumehame coastline.

Key features such as perennial streams, coastal lowlands, and existing roadway alignments play a significant role in shaping patterns of exposure and access. The preferred Honoapiʻilani Highway realignment further influences how the corridor may function in the future, particularly in relation to the decommissioning of the existing coastal highway.

Together, these systems establish the physical and spatial framework within which sea level rise impacts occur. Understanding these relationships is critical for identifying where targeted interventions can support both ecological function and public access at the project area scale.

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CATALYTIC SITE SELECTION 1.1’ Sea Level Rise Projection - Approximately 2045

0’

2,000’

4,000’

SCALE: 1” = 2,000’ (if printed on 11”x17”)

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Data source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration sea level rise data (September, 2024)

PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN APPROACH

Near-Term Scenario Under the 1.1-ft sea level rise scenario, exposure is concentrated in the project area’s low-lying coastal areas. These areas are subject to increased frequency of flooding, wave runup, and groundwater emergence, which affect soil conditions, drainage capacity, and accessibility.

These patterns reflect the combined influence of marine and groundwater-driven flooding processes as represented in the Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (SLR-XA), where passive flooding, high-wave events, and subsurface water table rise interact (Hawaiʻi Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission 2022).

At this stage, impacts are typically episodic but increasing in frequency, indicating areas where near-term design interventions must accommodate periodic inundation while maintaining functionality.

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CATALYTIC SITE SELECTION 3.2’ Sea Level Rise Projection - Approximately 2075

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Data source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration sea level rise data (September, 2024)

PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN APPROACH

Long-Term Scenario Under the 3.2-ft sea level rise scenario, exposure extends further inland and becomes more persistent across the coastal corridor. Areas that experience episodic flooding under near-term conditions transition toward chronic inundation, while shoreline erosion contributes to the loss and reconfiguration of coastal land. These changes reflect the interaction of multiple hazard processes, including passive flooding, annual high-wave flooding, coastal erosion, and rising groundwater levels as represented in the SLR-XA (Hawaiʻi Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission 2022).

At this stage, exposure fundamentally alters how portions of the project area can function, requiring long-term adaptation strategies that accommodate sustained inundation, shifting shorelines, and changing access conditions.

For critical infrastructure, current state climate guidelines recommend planning for a 6-foot sea level rise benchmark combined with local flood elevations and additional freeboard (as an added safety margin). Given the long timeframe of this visioning work—at the catalytic site scale—Olowalu: The Road to Resilience recommends and, in long-term conceptual isometric transects, section perspectives, and eye-level renderings, depicts all important, proposed new assets and infrastructure elements, such as built structures in near-shore locations, the elevated multi-use path, which also serves as an additional emergency evacuation route, to be elevated to a height of 15 feet above existing sea level.

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CATALYTIC SITE SELECTION Proposed Catalytic Sites

Catalytic Site 1 Olowalu Town

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Catalytic Site 2 Mile Marker 14

PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN APPROACH

Catalytic Sites as Strategic Interventions Based on project area scale sea level rise projection analysis, areas of concentrated exposure were identified as priority locations for targeted design intervention.

These areas were selected based on their vulnerability under both the 1.1-ft and 3.2-ft Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (SLR-XA) scenarios, as well as their role in shaping access, ecological function, and public use across the Olowalu–Ukumehame coastal corridor.

These locations are designated as catalytic sites. Each site represents a portion of the coastline where sea level rise and/or highway relocation impacts are most pronounced and where targeted interventions have the potential to influence system performance from mauka to makai. By focusing on these areas, the project moves from corridor-scale analysis to site-specific design opportunities.

At this scale, the catalytic sites establish a network of key nodes distributed along the corridor. Together, they structure a framework for prioritizing intervention, strengthening coastal connectivity, and guiding phased implementation over time.

Catalytic Site 3 Ukumehame Beach Park & Wetlands

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06 OVERALL PROJECT AREA P.O.C. DESIGN

Chapter 6 presents Olowalu: The Road to Resilience’s proposed overall project area scale proof-of-concept design through near-term and long-term vision frameworks, illustrating how prioritized interventions and design strategies respond to projected sea level rise conditions over time.

Aerial Image of Olowalu and surrounding west Maui context (TNC, March 15, 2026) 477

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6.1

Project Area Scale Plans This subchapter summarizes the project area scale proof-of-concept design, illustrating how the design framework is applied across the Olowalu-Ukumehame corridor. A series of maps documents existing conditions, projected changes, and the spatial distribution of design strategies.

Existing conditions mapping establishes the project area’s baseline environmental, cultural, and infrastructural systems, particularly the planned highway realignment. Sea level rise projections, based on SLR-XA scenarios at 1.1 and 3.2 feet, identify areas of exposure and inform where adaptation strategies are required.

These analyses guide the development of near-term and long-term vision frameworks, which organize proposed interventions based on timing, community priorities, and projected environmental conditions. Together, these maps demonstrate how the design evolves over time while maintaining continuity across ecological systems, access networks, and cultural landscapes.

Maps included in this section: Existing Conditions 1.1’ SLR-XA Projections Near-Term Vision with 1.1’ SLR-XA Overlay (Approx. 2045) Near-Term Vision (Approx. 2045) Near-Term Vision Olowalu Segment Near-Term Vision Ukumehame Segment 3.2’ SLR-XA Projections Long-Term Vision with 3.2’ SLR-XA Overlay (Approx. 2075) Long-Term Vision (Approx. 2075) Long-Term Vision: Olowalu Segment Long-Term Vision Ukumehame Segment The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Existing Conditions

LEGEND HDOT 140’ ROW HDOT viaduct segment HDOT selected alternative TMK Perennial streams 100’ contour lines Coral reef footprint 0’

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OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS 1.1’ Sea Level Rise Projection - Approximately 2045

LEGEND Roadways impacted by 1.1’ SLR-XA Sea level rise exposure area 1.1’ SLR-XA HDOT 140’ ROW HDOT viaduct segment HDOT selected alternative TMK Perennial streams 100’ contour lines Coral reef footprint 0’

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OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Data source: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) sea level rise data (September, 2024)

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Near-Term Vision With 1.1’ SLR-XA Overlay - Approximately 2045 (Inaction)

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Near-Term Vision - Approximately 2045

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OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Near-Term Vision - Approximately 2045

Zoom-In 1

OLOWALU SEGMENT

As mentioned above, the visions for the overall project area presented in this report chapter are intended to spatially identify opportunities for proposed conceptual, broad-stroke interventions. These proof-of-concept designs are based on the timing of anticipated environmental conditions and climate threats (such as flooding and coastal erosion), other site analysis findings, and community preferences.

This near-term conceptual vision framework responds to the anticipated effects of 1.1 feet of sea level rise, specifically taking into account the projected sea level rise exposure area. It illustrates the spatial distribution of main design strategies and proposed programs. Proposed key interventions include mitigating pollution, erosion, and manage sediment, initiating habitat and wetland restoration efforts in appropriate areas, initial work towards creating nature-based living shoreline adaptation solutions and vegetated coastal buffers, partial highway decommissioning (where necessary in the near-term), as well as initial steps towards establishing a continuous multi-use path (West Maui Greenway).

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Zoom-In 2

UKUMEHAME S

OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

The following four report pages include enlarged, zoomed-in versions of the near-term overall project area vision (response to anticipated 1.1-ft SLRXA effects, expected around 2045 for purposes of this project, following highway relocation).

Dividing the plan drawing for the approximately 6-mile-long overall coastal project corridor into two segments allows for easier legibility of proposed interventions, main conceptual design strategies, and their spatial distribution.

The first enlarged project segment, immediate following, focuses on the area around Olowalu. The subsequent zoomed-in plan drawing portion focuses on Ukumehame.

SEGMENT

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Near-Term Vision - Approximately 2045

NEAR-TERM OBJECTIVES New Olowalu fire station Pollution mitigation 2 Sediment management 3 Gathering place 4 Mālama ʻāina 5 Camping 6 Ahupuaʻa restoration and signage 7 Public shoreline path 8 Riparian / stream restoration 9 Reef protection & marine management 10 Ukumehame stream barrier removal 0 1

LEGEND Vegetated buffer / living shoreline Potential wetland restoration / expansion Potential public park Cultural site protection Biocultural restoration area (e.g., loʻi, loko iʻa) Native habitat Existing highway kept Highway converted to multi-use path Highway decommissioned Local access roads Multi-use path (West Maui Greenway) Main water access points Mauka makai connection Planned forest reserve expansion per EIS Existing designated forest reserve Ahupuaʻa boundaries HDOT 140’ ROW HDOT viaduct segment HDOT selected alternative TMK Perennial streams 100’ contour lines Coral reef footprint Opportunity for conservation land (currently private property)

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OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

OLOWALU SEGMENT

Catalytic Site 1 Catalytic Site 2

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Near-Term Vision - Approximately 2045

NEAR-TERM OBJECTIVES New Olowalu fire station Pollution mitigation 2 Sediment management 3 Gathering place 4 Mālama ʻāina 5 Camping 6 Ahupuaʻa restoration and signage 7 Public shoreline path 8 Riparian / stream restoration 9 Reef protection & marine management 10 Ukumehame stream barrier removal 0 1

Catalytic Site 2 LEGEND Vegetated buffer / living shoreline Potential wetland restoration / expansion Potential public park Cultural site protection Biocultural restoration area (e.g., loʻi, loko iʻa) Native habitat Existing highway kept Highway converted to multi-use path Highway decommissioned Local access roads Multi-use path (West Maui Greenway) Main water access points Mauka makai connection Planned forest reserve expansion per EIS Existing designated forest reserve Ahupuaʻa boundaries HDOT 140’ ROW HDOT viaduct segment HDOT selected alternative TMK Perennial streams 100’ contour lines Coral reef footprint Opportunity for conservation land (currently private property)

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OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

UKUMEHAME SEGMENT

Catalytic Site 3

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS 3.2’ Sea Level Rise Projection - Approximately 2075

LEGEND Roadways impacted by 3.2’ SLR-XA Sea level rise exposure area 3.2’ SLR-XA HDOT 140’ ROW HDOT viaduct segment HDOT selected alternative TMK Perennial streams 100’ contour lines Coral reef footprint 0’

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OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Data source: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) sea level rise data (September, 2024)

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Long-Term Vision With 3.2’ SLR-XA Overlay - Approximately 2075 (Inaction)

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OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Long-Term Vision - Approximately 2075

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OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Long-Term Vision - Approximately 2075

Zoom-In 1

OLOWALU SEGMENT The conceptual visions for the overall project area presented in this report chapter are intended to spatially identify opportunities for proposed broadstroke interventions. These proof-of-concept designs are based on the timing of anticipated environmental conditions and climate threats (such as flooding and coastal erosion), other site analysis findings, and community preferences.

This long-term conceptual vision framework responds to the anticipated effects of 3.2 feet of sea level rise, specifically taking into account the projected sea level rise exposure area. It illustrates the spatial distribution of main future design strategies and programs.

Proposed interventions include continued erosion and sediment management through nature-based solutions, further native habitat and wetland restoration, completing work towards a continuous, layered living shoreline and vegetated coastal buffer, biocultural restoration, continued highway decommissioning and removal (where necessary in the longer term), as well as completing a continuous multi-use path connecting coastal open spaces and providing public non-automobile access.

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Zoom-In 2

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OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

The following four report pages include enlarged, zoomed-in versions of the long-term overall project area vision (response to anticipated 3.2-ft SLR-XA effects, expected around 2075 for purposes of this project).

Dividing the plan drawing for the approximately 6-mile-long overall coastal project corridor into two segments allows for easier legibility of proposed long-term interventions, main conceptual design strategies, and their spatial distribution.

The first enlarged project segment, immediate following, focuses on the area around Olowalu. The subsequent zoomed-in plan drawing portion

SEGMENT

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Long-Term Vision - Approximately 2075

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES Wildfire risk mitigation Pollution mitigation 2 Sediment management 3 Gathering place 4 Mālama ʻāina 5 Camping 6 Ahupuaʻa restoration and signage 7 Public shoreline path 8 Riparian / stream / muliwai restoration 9 Reef protection & marine management 10 Stream restoration (post stream barrier removal) 0 1

LEGEND Vegetated buffer / living shoreline Wetland restoration / expansion Public park Cultural site protection Native habitat Existing highway kept Highway converted to multi-use path Highway removed or repurposed Local access roads Multi-use path (West Maui Greenway) Main water access points Mauka makai connection Planned forest reserve expansion per EIS Existing designated forest reserve Ahupuaʻa boundaries HDOT 140’ ROW HDOT viaduct segment HDOT selected alternative TMK Perennial streams 100’ contour lines Coral reef footprint Biocultural restoration area (e.g., loʻi, loko iʻa, paʻakai) Opportunity for conservation land (currently private property)

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OVERALL PROJECT AREA PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

OLOWALU SEGMENT

Catalytic Site 1 Catalytic Site 2

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PROJECT AREA SCALE PLANS Long-Term Vision - Approximately 2075

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES Wildfire risk mitigation Pollution mitigation 2 Sediment management 3 Gathering place 4 Mālama ʻāina 5 Camping 6 Ahupuaʻa restoration and signage 7 Public shoreline path 8 Riparian / stream / muliwai restoration 9 Reef protection & marine management 10 Stream restoration (post stream barrier removal) 0 1

LEGEND Vegetated buffer / living shoreline Wetland restoration / expansion Public park Cultural site protection Native habitat Existing highway kept Highway converted to multi-use path Highway removed or repurposed Local access roads Multi-use path (West Maui Greenway) Main water access points Mauka makai connection Planned forest reserve expansion per EIS Existing designated forest reserve Ahupuaʻa boundaries HDOT 140’ ROW HDOT viaduct segment HDOT selected alternative TMK Perennial streams 100’ contour lines Coral reef footprint Biocultural restoration area (e.g., loʻi, loko iʻa, paʻakai) Opportunity for conservation land (currently private property)

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Catalytic Site 2

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Catalytic Site 3

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07 CATALYTIC SITE 1 P.O.C. DESIGN

Chapter 7 features conceptual near-term and long-term visions for Catalytic Site 1, the area around Olowalu Town and Landing.

The speculative site-scale design interventions proposed for this location focus on placemaking, community, and improved public waterfront access, while incorporating sea level rise adaptation strategies and improved ecosystem services.

Olowalu sugar mill remnants (UHCDC, 2024) 507

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7.1

Background This section of the report provides a high-level overview of several of the most significant features within Catalytic Site 1. Through multiple in-person site visits, along with engagement with stakeholders and members of the local community, the project team developed a comprehensive understanding of the site’s existing conditions and the significance of its various features within the broader project context.

While this overview does not encompass every feature, it highlights several of the site’s most prominent and frequently referenced elements. Additional details and discussion of each feature are provided on the following pages.

Listed Site Features: Honoapiʻilani Highway Gravel Parking Lot Small Businesses Olowalu Landing Historical Remnants The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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BACKGROUND

Local business at Olowalu Town (UHCDC, 2024)

Overview Olowalu Town is a small rural coastal community characterized by low-density development, open coastal landscapes, and a strong connection to the ocean and reef system. The area supports a modest local population and a handful of small businesses serving both residents and visitors traveling through West Maui. These businesses, along with shoreline recreation and fishing activities, contribute to the area’s informal and community-oriented character.

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Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

dor, while the surrounding landscape remains largely undeveloped. Daily activity often centers on ocean access, local commerce, and travelers stopping briefly along the coastal route.

The existing Honoapiʻilani Highway strongly influences how people experience and move through the area. Vehicle circulation, informal parking, and limited pedestrian infrastructure shape shoreline access and local activity patterns. As transportation infrastructure evolves, Olowalu Town presents opportunities to strengthen its role as a small coastal community while maintaining its rural scale and focus on local businesses.

CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Existing Site Features The following categories provide an overview of the existing features found within and surrounding Olowalu Town. Understanding these conditions helps establish the site’s current character, opportunities, and constraints.

Honoapiʻilani Highway The roadway carries steady regional traffic that shapes movement and access within the area.

Pedestrian infrastructure along this segment is limited, making it difficult to safely cross between mauka areas and shoreline destinations such as Olowalu Landing. Improved crossings and pedestrian infrastructure could strengthen connections between the town and the coast.

Roadway edges and median areas may also provide opportunities for landscape interventions such as vegetated swales or other forms of green infrastructure that support stormwater management and sediment control, while enhancing the corridor’s environmental performance.

Mile Marker 15 along existing highway (UHCDC, 2024)

Gravel Parking Lot An informal parking area currently provides access for visitors stopping in Olowalu Town. The space lacks defined stalls or circulation patterns, and vehicles typically park wherever space is available before walking to nearby businesses, shoreline destinations, and gathering areas.

While the lot offers convenient access, its open layout limits efficient use of space and creates a visually sparse condition within the town. A more defined parking layout that incorporates green stormwater infrastructure could help organize circulation, control polluted runoff, and improve the overall appearance of this arrival point while maintaining flexible access for residents and visitors.

Parking lot at Olowalu Town (UHCDC, 2024)

Small Businesses A small cluster of local businesses contributes

Olowalu General Store (UHCDC, 2024)

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BACKGROUND to the character of Olowalu Town and provides services for residents and travelers along the West Maui coast. Establishments such as Leoda’s Kitchen and Pie Shop and the Olowalu General Store serve as recognizable stops along the highway and help create a sense of place within the rural community. A nearby farmers market area also provides space for local vendors and seasonal activity, supporting small-scale commerce and community gathering. Preserving these spaces helps maintain the town’s local identity and community-centered character.

Olowalu Landing

Water access at Olowalu Landing (UHCDC, 2024)

Activity and public waterfront access in the area of the landing are limited, with most visitors consisting of local fishermen or residents familiar with the nearby swimming area. With cleanup and thoughtful site improvements, Olowalu Landing has the potential to become a welcoming community hub and shoreline park. Reusing portions of the existing foundations for new infrastructure could help preserve the site’s historic character while creating spaces that invite residents and visitors to gather, learn about the area’s history, and reconnect with the coast.

Historical Remnants Catalytic Site 1 includes a historic preservation site with remnants of the Olowalu Mill from the sugar plantation era. Portions of concrete foundations are still visible across the site. Today, much of the area includes crumbled remnants, exposed rebar, and other debris scattered among patches of grass, dirt, and rocky shoreline. Despite these conditions, the site remains historically significant and is designated as a protected area tied to Olowalu’s plantation history. The remaining foundations and structural remnants provide a physical record of the site’s past and offer opportunities to interpret and share this history with the community.

Coastline at Olowalu Landing (UHCDC, 2024)

Sugar mill remnants (UHCDC, 2024)

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CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Aerial image of Olowalu Landing area including sugar mill remnants (TNC, 2024) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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Honoapiʻilani Highway near Olowalu Town (UHCDC, 2024) 513

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7.2

Analysis The following report pages feature a set of seven thematic site inventory and analysis maps, represented at the zoomed-in catalytic site scale, each covering a square area dimensioned 2,000-ft by 2,000-ft.

These maps spatially visualize select site conditions, program elements, and opportunities and constraints that have informed conceptual proof-of-concept design decisions for Catalytic Site 1.

List of Analysis Maps: Existing Conditions (2026) Wetland and Habitat Hydrology and Topography Land Ownership Shoreline and Coastal Conditions 1.1’ Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (Approximately 2045) 3.2’ Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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EXISTING CONDITIONS Analysis map legend outlined below: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Parking lot Honoapiʻilani Highway Existing Olowalu Town buildings Sugar Mill remnants Olowalu landing Olowalu Town market space Shower Existing coastline Private fruit orchard

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Sugar mill remnants at Olowalu (UHCDC, 2024)

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WETLAND AND HABITAT Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints Existing wetlands Potential wetlands Wetlands 100’ buffer Wetland data adapted from Maui County Wetland Overlay Map (2024).

Existing vegetation and habitat at Olowalu Landing (UHCDC, 2024)

Location of potential wetlands in Olowalu (UHCDC, 2025) 517

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POTENTIAL WETLANDS

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 1 Proof-of-Concept Design

HYDROLOGY & TOPOGRAPHY Analysis map legend outlined below: 5’ contour lines 1’ contour lines Ditches Gulches

Olowalu stream (UHCDC, 2024)

Mauka view from Olowalu Landing (UHCDC, 2024) 519

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LAND OWNERSHIP

Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints TMK parcel lines Private landowner State of Hawaiʻi County of Maui

Private residences near Olowalu Town (UHCDC, 2025)

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 1 Proof-of-Concept Design

SHORELINE & COASTAL CONDITIONS Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints Hardened shoreline Rocky shoreline Residential conditions Commercial conditions Hardened conditions Historical remnants

Olowalu rocky shoreline (UHCDC, 2024)

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 1 Proof-of-Concept Design

1.1’ SEA LEVEL RISE EXPOSURE AREA Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints On-site sewage disposal Coastal erosion line Existing coastline 1.1’ Sea level rise exposure area (approximately 2045)

The Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (SLR-XA) maps the combined footprint of multiple coastal hazards anticipated as a result of sea level rise. SLR-XA modeling includes the following three chronic flooding hazards: passive flooding, annual high wave flooding, and coastal erosion.

For purposes of the Olowalu: The Road to Resilience project, based on NOAA’s current intermediate-high scenario, 1.1 feet of sea level rise are anticipated around 2045. (Also see Chapter 5 above.)

Data source: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) sea level rise data (September, 2024)

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 1 Proof-of-Concept Design

3.2’ SEA LEVEL RISE EXPOSURE AREA Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints On-site sewage disposal Coastal erosion line Existing coastline 3.2’ Sea level rise exposure area (approximately 2075)

The Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (SLR-XA) maps the combined footprint of multiple coastal hazards anticipated as a result of sea level rise. SLR-XA modeling includes the following three chronic flooding hazards: passive flooding, annual high wave flooding, and coastal erosion.

For purposes of the Olowalu: The Road to Resilience project, based on NOAA’s current intermediate-high scenario, 3.2 feet of sea level rise are anticipated around 2075. (Also see Chapter 5 above.)

Data source: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) sea level rise data (September, 2024)

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Aerial image of Olowalu Landing area including sugar mill remnants (TNC, 2024) 529

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7.3

Site Plans Following the preceding site analysis, the proof-of-concept design documentation for Catalytic Site 1 begins with plan-view representations of the proposed concepts. Subsequent report pages illustrate a series of sequential design visions that were informed by the results of community and stakeholder engagement, site analysis, and interdisciplinary collaboration with technical experts.

List of Site Plans: Existing Plan (2026) Near-Term Plan (Approximately 2045) Long-Term Plan (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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SITE PLANS

Catalytic Site Limit of Work Plan view of Catalytic Site 1 limit of work (UHCDC)

Overview The proposed conceptual design for Catalytic Site 1 is first presented through a series of planview drawings. Each catalytic site is defined by a 2,000-ft by 2,000-ft boundary, allowing the design to focus on the site features and conditions most relevant to the proof-of-concept vision.

The limit of work for Catalytic Site 1 encompasses a diverse range of existing features including the coastline, historic remnants, residential areas, pedestrian activity nodes, and the Honoapiʻilani Highway, which runs through the center of the site.

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identify the areas most critical to address within the proof-of-concept design.

The boundary, shown above in the context of existing site conditions, remains consistent across all three design time frames: Existing (2026), Near-Term (approximately 2045), and LongTerm (approximately 2075). As discussed in Chapter 5, the project’s overarching time scale for these proof-of-concept designs is guided by the anticipated Honoapiʻilani Highway relocation schedule and sea level rise projections from NOAA’s 2022 Intermediate High sea level rise scenario for Hawaiʻi.

CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Existing Plan

•

The first part of this chapter summarizes the current site conditions. Existing features establish the site’s physical character while also highlighting several key challenges and opportunities that inform the proof-of-concept design.

Long-Term Plan

Notable site conditions include limited public access to the shoreline due to extensive private land ownership, the proliferation of invasive vegetation, the presence of on-site sewage disposal systems (cesspools), erosion affecting areas containing historic sugar mill remnants, and commercial uses dominated by impervious surfaces. At the same time, the site’s recreational water access and cultural significance reinforce the importance of balancing environmental restoration, public accessibility, and long-term resilience within the proposed design.

Near-Term Plan The near-term proof-of-concept design for Catalytic Site 1 seeks to incorporate programs and uses related to the overall project goals.

Place and Community • Connection to the future relocated Honoapiʻilani Highway • Multi-use path (West Maui Greenway) • Increased community benefits in the commercial zone • Possible conversion to park land with the anticipation of a public-private partnership • Continuous waterfront access • Adaptive reuse of sugar mill remnants Ecology and Habitat • Vegetated buffer and living shoreline • Bioswales and nature-based solutions along the existing highway • Native habitat restoration

Retrofitting sewage systems to sustainable solutions

The long-term proof-of-concept design of Catalytic Site 1 seeks to continue and strengthen the incorporation of programs related to the overall project goals.

Place and Community • Multi-use path (West Maui Greenway) • Continue to support commercial use, services (local food and value added products), and community resources • Creation of a resilience hub • Public park for community gathering space (Pāka Olowalu) • Improved recreational water access • Implementation of the Olowalu Pier Ecology and Habitat • Fully developed vegetated buffer and living shoreline • Cleaned sugar mill remnants become habitat • Continuation of native habitat restoration Climate and Hazards • Sea level rise adaptation through retreat (relocation), nature-based and living systems, and elevated structures • Sustainable sewage disposal solutions • Bioswales and nature-based solutions along highway and parking lots Site Plans Time Frame Existing: 2026 Near-Term: Approximately 2045 (1.1’ SLR-XA) Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA)

Climate and Hazards • Sea level rise adaptation through coastline protection The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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SITE PLANS Catalytic Site 1 Proof-of-Concept Design

EXISTING PLAN 2026

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Parking lot Honoapiʻilani Highway Existing Olowalu Town buildings Sugar Mill remnants Olowalu landing Olowalu Town market space Shower Existing coastline Private fruit orchard

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Catalytic Site 1

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SITE PLANS Catalytic Site 1 Proof-of-Concept Design

NEAR-TERM PLAN Approximately 2045

Parking lot Public shoreline path 3 Park pedestrian path 4 Wooden path 5 Multi-use path (West Maui Greenway) 6 Paved multipurpose area 8 Comfort station 10 Resilience hub 11 Market stalls 12 Park pavilions 13 Pavilion concrete platform and building foundation 15 Sugar mill remnant remediation and adaptive reuse 17 Concrete steps 18 Ramp 19 Seats and retaining walls 20 Vegetated buffer and living shoreline 21 Revetments 22 Nature-based stormwater infrastructure 23 Educational signage 24 Public park amenities 1

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Catalytic Site 1

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SITE PLANS Catalytic Site 1 Proof-of-Concept Design

LONG-TERM PLAN Approximately 2075

Parking Lot Public Shoreline Path 3 Park Pedestrian Path 4 Wooden Path 5 Multi-use Path (West Maui Greenway) 6 Paved Multipurpose Area 7 Pier and Boardwalk 8 Comfort Station 9 Showers 10 Resilience Hub 11 Market Stalls 12 Park Pavilions 13 Multi-Purpose Community Pavilion with Integrated Comfort Station 14 Pavilion Concrete Platform / Building Foundation 15 Sugar Mill Remnant Remediation and Adaptive Reuse 16 Pier Shade Structure 17 Concrete Steps 18 Ramp 19 Seats / Retaining Walls 20 Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 21 Revetments 22 Nature-Based Stormwater Infrastructure 23 Educational Signage 24 Public Park Amenities 1

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Catalytic Site 1

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Olowalu Landing (UHCDC, 2024) 539

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7.4

Transects To further communicate the proof-of-concept design vision, a series of isometric transects is provided to help transition the viewer’s understanding from two-dimensional plan drawings to three-dimensional representations of the proposed design. The following pages illustrate these transects, highlighting the conceptual design strategies alongside existing site features and conditions.

When using the term “transect,” this report refers to isometric cross-sectional design drawings.

These types of illustrative graphics allow for the effective representation of complex spatial configurations and land-water transitions, such as water levels relative to surrounding built structures and/ or ground conditions.

List of Transects: Existing Transect (2026) Near-Term Transect (Approximately 2045) Long-Term Transect (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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TRANSECTS

Transect Location

Catalytic Site Limit of Work Catalytic Site 1 transect boundary (UHCDC)

Overview Each transect is defined by a 200-ft by 600-ft study area, allowing the illustrations to focus on site features and conditions most relevant to the proof-of-concept design vision.

zones between land and water or between adjacent program elements, while demonstrating design strategies that are representative of other areas throughout the overall project area.

Throughout this report, the term “transect” refers to wide, isometric cross-sectional drawings that effectively communicate complex spatial relationships, including changes in topography, water levels, built infrastructure, and surrounding ground conditions.

The Catalytic Site 1 transect is located near Olowalu Landing to illustrate existing site conditions—historic remnants, invasive species overgrowth, limited shoreline access, etc.—and to demonstrate how these features could be transformed through the implementation of the proposed resilient proof-of-concept design.

The transect location selected for Catalytic Site 1 highlights key components of the proof-of-concept design. In many cases, such transect drawings illustrate edge conditions and transitional 541

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The transect study boundary, shown above in the context of existing site conditions, remains consistent across all three design time frames:

CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Existing (2026), Near-Term (approximately 2045), and Long-Term (approximately 2075). As discussed in Chapter 5, the project’s overarching time scale for these proof-of-concept designs is guided by the anticipated Honoapiʻilani Highway relocation schedule and sea level rise projections from NOAA’s 2022 Intermediate High sea level rise scenario for Hawaiʻi.

Locator diagrams in the bottom right corner of the drawings highlight how the transects are situated within their respective catalytic site limit of work plan view.

Transects Time Frame Existing: 2026 Near-Term: Approximately 2045 (1.1’ SLR-XA) Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA)

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TRANSECTS

EXISTING CONDITIONS Olowalu Town - 2026

EXISTING VEGETATION

OLOWALU LANDING

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CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

SUGAR MILL REMNANTS

WATER ACCESS

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TRANSECTS

NEAR-TERM VISION Approximately 2045

SHADE TREES

PUBLIC SHORELINE PATH

VEGETATED BUFFER AND LIVING SHORELINE OLOWALU LANDING

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CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

PUBLIC PARK AMENITIES

SUGAR MILL REMNANT REMEDIATION AND ADAPTIVE REUSE

SEAT AND RETAINING WALLS

WATER ACCESS

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TRANSECTS

LONG-TERM VISION Approximately 2075

SHADE TREES

PUBLIC SHORELINE PATH

VEGETATED BUFFER AND LIVING SHORELINE OLOWALU LANDING PIER AND BOARDWALK

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CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

PUBLIC PARK AMENITIES

MULTIPURPOSE COMMUNITY PAVILION WITH INTEGRATED COMFORT STATION SHOWER

SEAT AND RETAINING WALLS

WATER ACCESS

ECREATION

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Olowalu Landing (UHCDC, 2024) 549

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7.5

Perspectives Building upon the previous, illustrative isometric transect drawings, the following section perspective studies and long-term eye-level rendering provide a sense of the user experience in the existing condition that contrasts with the near-term and long-term design proposals for Catalytic Site 1.

This illustrative representation format might assist report readers in visualizing the proposed changes and improvements over time more easily than abstract plan drawings.

List of Perspectives: Existing Section Perspective (2026) Near-Term Section Perspective (Approximately 2045) Long-Term Section Perspective (Approximately 2075) Long-Term Eye-Level Rendering (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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PERSPECTIVES Section Perspectives and Eye-Level Rendering

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Catalytic Site 1 section perspective and eye-level rendering locations (UHCDC)

Overview Section perspective studies and eye-level renderings provide a sense of the experience in the existing conditions that contrasts with the nearterm and long-term design proposals within the Catalytic Site 1 limit of work. This illustrative representation format assists readers in visualizing the proposed changes and improvements over time more easily than plan and section drawings alone.

Consistent with the chronological organization established earlier in this chapter, the section perspectives are presented across three design time frames: Existing (2026), Near-Term (approximately 2045), and Long-Term (approximately 2075). As discussed in Chapter 5, these 551

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proof-of-concept design horizons are guided by the anticipated relocation of Honoapiʻilani Highway and sea level rise projections based on NOAA’s 2022 Intermediate High sea level rise scenario for Hawaiʻi.

Following the sequence of section perspectives, an eye-level rendering illustrates a representative moment in time, depicting how Catalytic Site 1 could appear following implementation of the speculative long-term proof-of-concept design.

Both the section perspective and eye-level rendering locations were selected to highlight views that best represent the project’s design

CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

intent and proposed key transformations. The descriptions that follow identify the primary design features and site characteristics illustrated in the existing, near-term, and long-term section perspectives.

Existing Section Perspective Below is a list of existing site features that are seen in the section-perspective view of Catalytic Site 1: • • •

•

Overgrowth of vegetation including invasive species Feral cat colony that resides among historical remnants and vegetation Deteriorating Sugar Mill remnants with dangerous protruding elements (e.g., sharp rusting rebar, crumbling concrete, falling structures, etc.)

Main point of water access for area due to private property prohibiting other beach access points

Near-Term Section Perspective The list included below highlights proof-of-concept design features that are illustrated in the near-term section perspective: • •

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• •

Long-Term Section Perspective Below is a list of proof-of-concept design elements that are shown in the long-term section perspective: • •

•

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Native vegetation supports native fauna and biodiversity Optional implementation of community pavilion with comfort station and public park amenities Elevated, living sea level rise protection system implemented with established native plantings Re-use of burried sugar mill remnant foundation to stabilize vegetated protective berm Addition of an Olowalu Pier for sea level rise-adapted user access and look-out spots; acts as community gathering space

Section Perspectives Time Frame Existing: 2026 Near-Term: Approximately 2045 (1.1’ SLR-XA) Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA) Eye-Level Rendering Time Frame Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA)

Clearing of invasive vegetation followed by native species planting Sugar Mill remnant remediation and adaptive reuse to ensure safe access to historical site Initial establishment of vegetated living shoreline buffer, with top of the wide, planted berm filled to 15-feet above existing sea level Implementation of public shoreline path to increase water access Seat and retaining walls added to stabilize slope and accomodate site users

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PERSPECTIVES Section Perspective

EXISTING CONDITIONS Olowalu Town - 2026

RECREATIONAL WATER ACCESS NEAR OLOWALU LANDING

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UNSAFE SUGAR MILL REMNANTS

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PERSPECTIVES Section Perspective

NEAR-TERM VISION Olowalu Town - Approximately 2045

IMPROVED RECREATIONAL WATER ACCESS

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SEAT AND RETAINING WALLS

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CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

1.1’ SLR

PUBLIC SHORELINE PATH

SUGAR MILL REMNANT REMEDIATION AND ADAPTIVE REUSE

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PERSPECTIVES Section Perspective

LONG-TERM VISION Olowalu Town - Approximately 2075

IMPROVED RECREATIONAL WATER ACCESS AND OLOWALU BOARDWALK PIER

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SEAT AND RETAINING WALLS

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CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

3.2’ SLR

PUBLIC SHORELINE PATH ON VEGETATED LIVING SHORELINE BUFFER

MULTIPURPOSE COMMUNITY PAVILION WITH PUBLIC PARK AMENITIES

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PERSPECTIVES Eye-Level Rendering

LONG-TERM VISION Olowalu Town - Approximately 2075

View of Improved Recreational Water Access and Pier at Olowalu Landing

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CATALYTIC SITE 1 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

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08 CATALYTIC SITE 2 P.O.C. DESIGN

Chapter 8 presents conceptual near-term and long-term visions for Catalytic Site 2, the coastal area around Mile Marker 14.

The speculative site-scale design interventions proposed for this location focus on balancing continued public waterfront and snorkeling access with climate adaptation and habitat restoration strategies.

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8.1

Background This section of the report provides a high-level overview of several of the most significant features within Catalytic Site 2. Through multiple in-person site visits, along with engagement with stakeholders and members of the local community, the project team developed a comprehensive understanding of the site’s existing conditions and the significance of its various features within the broader project context.

While this overview does not encompass every feature, it highlights several of the site’s most prominent and frequently referenced elements. Additional details and discussion of each feature are provided on the following pages.

Listed Site Features: Roadside Parking Waste and Management Invasive Overgrowth Beach Recreation and Snorkeling Olowalu Reef The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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BACKGROUND

Beach at Mile Marker 14 (UHCDC, 2024)

Overview Located along Honoapiʻilani Highway south of Olowalu Town, the Mile Marker 14 shoreline is a well-known coastal stop that provides easy access to the famed Olowalu Reef. The site attracts both residents and visitors seeking clear water, sandy shoreline conditions, and convenient entry to one of West Maui’s most significant reef systems. Over time, the area has become a popular informal destination for snorkeling, swimming, and enjoying views of the Olowalu coastline.

Despite its popularity, the area has developed without the structure or amenities typically associated with a designated beach park. Access occurs informally from the roadside, and the 565

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shoreline landscape reflects a mix of invasive coastal vegetation, open sand, and unmanaged areas. These conditions give the site a raw and undeveloped character, and present opportunities to improve shoreline management while preserving the natural qualities that draw people to the area.

Existing Site Features The following categories provide an overview of key features found in the area surrounding Mile Marker 14. Understanding these existing conditions helps establish the site’s current character, opportunities, and constraints.

CATALYTIC SITE 2 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Roadside Parking Visitors accessing the beach at Mile Marker 14 typically park along an informal roadside pulloff located just off the highway shoulder. The area lacks defined circulation patterns, and vehicles park wherever space is available. Concrete traffic barriers separate the parking area from the beach, creating a narrow transition zone between parked vehicles and shoreline access. While this informal parking supports quick beach access, the absence of a defined layout can create congestion. The unimproved dirt conditions promote erosion and create sediment.

Mile Marker 14 parking location (UHCDC, 2024)

Waste and Management Mile Marker 14 experiences consistent use as a snorkeling and beach access point, yet the site lacks formal waste management and maintenance. Trash bags and debris often accumulate on site, with no designated facilities or regular servicing provided. This condition reflects the challenges of managing a high-use recreational area without supporting infrastructure. Potentially formalizing the site’s beach park functions and improving maintenance present opportunities to improve stewardship and better support the level of use the area currently receives.

Waste along Honoapiʻilani Highway and MM14 coastline (UHCDC, 2024)

Invasive Overgrowth Sections of the shoreline at Mile Marker 14 are heavily lined with invasive kiawe trees and dense vegetation. While these trees provide shade and a sense of enclosure along the beach edge, their spread can limit views of the shoreline and reduce space for circulation along the coast. The overgrowth also competes with native coastal vegetation and can contribute to an unmanaged landscape condition. Addressing invasive species in this area may present opportunities to restore native coastal plant communities while maintaining shaded areas for beach users.

Kiawe tree growth along MM14 beach coastline (UHCDC, 2024)

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BACKGROUND Beach Recreation and Snorkeling The beach at Mile Marker 14 is known for its sandy shoreline and clear, shallow waters, making it a popular location for snorkeling and ocean recreation along the Olowalu coastline. The reef lies close to shore, allowing easy access to marine habitat and creating favorable conditions for beginner and experienced snorkelers. These nearshore reef conditions, combined with relatively calm waters, contribute to the site’s reputation as a convenient and desirable snorkeling destination.

The shoreline includes a mix of sand, rocky edges, and vegetative shading, creating a varied coastal setting that supports swimming, snorkeling, and informal gathering. The proximity of unimproved parking to the water facilitates easy access, though the site lacks basic amenities such as bathrooms or designated rinse stations for gear and post-use cleanup. With its scenic views and direct connection to Olowalu Reef, the site presents an opportunity to support ocean recreation while encouraging reef education and stewardship of the surrounding marine environment.

Beach use at Mile Marker 14 (UHCDC, 2024)

Olowalu Reef Catalytic Site 2 provides immediate access to Olowalu Reef with its large diversity of coral and other important habitat. Minimizing erosion and sediment discharge into coastal waters in this area is vital to reef resilience.

Coast at Mile Marker 14 along Honoapiʻilani Highway (UHCDC, 2024)

In this location, a healthy reef is an important component of layered, nature-based living shoreline systems that protect the coast from the impacts of flooding and sea level rise.

Mushroom coral (TNC / Alana Yurkanin)

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CATALYTIC SITE 2 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Olowalu reef located at Mile Marker 14 (TNC, 2024) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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Kiawe grove at Mile Marker 14 (UHCDC, 2024) 569

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8.2

Analysis The following report pages feature a set of seven thematic site inventory and analysis maps, represented at the zoomed-in catalytic site scale, each covering a square area dimensioned 2,000-ft by 2,000-ft.

These maps spatially visualize select site conditions, program elements, and opportunities and constraints that have informed conceptual proof-of-concept design decisions for Catalytic Site 2.

List of Analysis Maps: Existing Conditions (2026) Wetland and Habitat Hydrology and Topography Land Ownership Shoreline and Coastal Conditions 1.1’ Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (Approximately 2045) 3.2’ Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 2 Proof-of-Concept Design

EXISTING CONDITIONS

OLOWALU

Analysis map legend outlined below: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Honoapiʻilani Highway Undesignated coastal parking Existing streams Stream outlet Olowalu reef Existing coastline Heavily used beach

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Mile Marker 14 beach goers in water (UHCDC, 2025)

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ʻIL KĀ IʻIL M EA TR IS 3

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 2 Proof-of-Concept Design

WETLAND AND HABITAT Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints Existing wetlands Potential wetlands Wetlands 100’ buffer Wetland data adapted from Maui County Wetland Overlay Map (2024).

Vegetation found on mauka side of highway at Mile Marker 14 (UHCDC,2025)

Plants found at Mile Marker 14 beach (UHCDC,2025) 573

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OLOWALU

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Catalytic Site 2

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 2 Proof-of-Concept Design

HYDROLOGY & TOPOGRAPHY Analysis map legend outlined below: 5’ contour lines 1’ contour lines Ditches Gulches

Mauka view at Mile Marker 14 (UHCDC, 2025)

Mauka view at Mile Marker 14 (UHCDC, 2024) 575

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I ʻIL KĀ I ʻIL AM RE ST EXISTING WETLANDS

OLOWALU REEF

Catalytic Site 2

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 2 Proof-of-Concept Design

LAND OWNERSHIP

Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints TMK parcel lines Private landowner State of Hawaiʻi County of Maui

Honoapiʻilani Highway at Mile Marker 14 (UHCDC, 2024)

Old cane haul road at Mile Marker 14 (UHCDC, 2025) 577

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OLOWALU

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Catalytic Site 2

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 2 Proof-of-Concept Design

SHORELINE & COASTAL CONDITIONS Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints Sandy shoreline Rocky shoreline Sandy conditions Vegetated conditions Field conditions Stream conditions

Cleared field conditions at Mile Marker 14 (UHCDC, 2025)

Vegetated coastline at Mile Marker 14 (UHCDC, 2024) 579

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OLOWALU

ʻIL KĀ IʻIL M EA TR IS EXISTING WETLANDS

UKUMEHAME

OLOWALU REEF

Catalytic Site 2

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 2 Proof-of-Concept Design

1.1’ SEA LEVEL RISE EXPOSURE AREA Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints On-site sewage disposal Coastal erosion line Existing coastline 1.1’ Sea level rise exposure area (approximately 2045) Refined selected alternative 140’ Right of way

The Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (SLR-XA) maps the combined footprint of multiple coastal hazards anticipated as a result of sea level rise. SLR-XA modeling includes the following three chronic flooding hazards: passive flooding, annual high wave flooding, and coastal erosion.

For purposes of the Olowalu: The Road to Resilience project, based on NOAA’s current intermediate-high scenario, 1.1 feet of sea level rise are anticipated around 2045. (Also see Chapter 5 above.)

Data source: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) sea level rise data (September, 2024)

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 2 Proof-of-Concept Design

3.2’ SEA LEVEL RISE EXPOSURE AREA Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints On-site sewage disposal Coastal erosion line Existing coastline 3.2’ Sea level rise exposure area (approximately 2075) Refined selected alternative 140’ Right of way

The Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (SLR-XA) maps the combined footprint of multiple coastal hazards anticipated as a result of sea level rise. SLR-XA modeling includes the following three chronic flooding hazards: passive flooding, annual high wave flooding, and coastal erosion.

For purposes of the Olowalu: The Road to Resilience project, based on NOAA’s current intermediate-high scenario, 3.2 feet of sea level rise are anticipated around 2075. (Also see Chapter 5 above.)

Data source: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) sea level rise data (September, 2024)

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Olowalu reef located at Mile Marker 14 (TNC, 2024) 585

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8.3

Site Plans Following the preceding site analysis, the proof-of-concept design documentation for Catalytic Site 2 begins with plan-view representations of the proposed concepts. Subsequent report pages illustrate a series of sequential design visions that were informed by the results of community and stakeholder engagement, site analysis, and interdisciplinary collaboration with technical experts.

List of Site Plans: Existing Plan (2026) Near-Term Plan (Approximately 2045) Long-Term Plan (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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SITE PLANS

Catalytic Site Limit of Work Plan view of Catalytic Site 2 limit of work (UHCDC)

Overview The proposed conceptual design for Catalytic Site 2 is first presented through a series of planview drawings. Each catalytic site is defined by a 2,000-ft by 2,000-ft boundary, allowing the design to focus on the site features and conditions most relevant to the proof-of-concept vision.

The limit of work for Catalytic Site 2 encompasses a diverse range of existing features including archeological sites, roadside parking, waste dumping, invasive vegetation overgrowth, beach recreation and snorkeling, and the Olowalu reef.

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tify the areas most critical to address within the overall project area proof-of-concept design.

The boundary, shown above in the context of existing site conditions, remains consistent across all three design time frames: Existing (2026), Near-Term (approximately 2045), and LongTerm (approximately 2075). As discussed in Chapter 5, the project’s overarching time scale for these proof-of-concept designs is guided by the anticipated Honoapiʻilani Highway relocation schedule and sea level rise projections from NOAA’s 2022 Intermediate High sea level rise scenario for Hawaiʻi.

CATALYTIC SITE 2 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Existing Plan

Long-Term Plan

The first part of this chapter summarizes the current site conditions. Existing features establish the site’s physical character, while also highlighting several key challenges and opportunities that inform the proof-of-concept design.

The long-term proof-of-concept design of Catalytic Site 2 seeks to continue and strengthen the incorporation of programs related to the overall project goals.

Notable site conditions include a popular snorkeling destination, a nearby long-term houseless population, and evidence of illegal dumping along the roadway and coastline. Mile Marker 14 is also identified as an area experiencing significant coastal erosion, influenced by multiple factors including sediment accumulation and deteriorating roadway infrastructure. Collectively, these conditions—along with high levels of parking demand, tourism, and the prevalence of invasive species—degrade the health of the nearshore reef and shoreline. These existing challenges underscore the need to improve the site’s long-term resilience.

Near-Term Plan The near-term proof-of-concept design for Catalytic Site 2 seeks to incorporate programs and uses related to the overall project goals.

Place and Community • Multi-use path • Potential conversion to public land • Potential new public beach park • Beach park parking • Boardwalk access

Place and Community • Multi-use path • Boardwalk access to beach park • Reef education • Biocultural practices (loʻi kalo) • Ahupuaʻa boundary marker Ecology and Habitat • Reef protection • Maintain native dryland forest and streams (erosion control) • Wetland expansion • Vegetated buffer and living shoreline Climate and Hazards • SLR adaptation - beach park (adapt in place) • SLR adaptation - roadway removal (retreat) Site Plans Time Frame Existing: 2026 Near-Term: Approximately 2045 (1.1’ SLR-XA) Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA)

Ecology and Habitat • Reef restoration • Mālama ʻāina (clean illegal dumping, etc.)

• Native dryland forest and stream restoration (erosion control) • Wetland restoration Climate and Hazards • Sea level rise adaptation • Partial roadway removal and nature-based adaptation solution with vegetated buffer The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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EXISTING PLAN

OLOWALU

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Honoapiʻilani Highway Undesignated coastal parking Existing streams Stream outlet Olowalu reef Existing coastline Heavily used beach

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SITE PLANS Catalytic Site 2 Proof-of-Concept Design

NEAR-TERM PLAN Approximately 2045

Parking lot Elevated shared-use boardwalk 4 Maintenance and emergency access pathway 5 Paved multipurpose area 6 Comfort station 7 Showers 8 Reef education hub 9 Small park pavilion 11 Lifeguard tower 13 Bridge / culvert 14 Vegetated buffer and living shoreline 15 Revetments 19 Riparian and stream restoration 20 Green stormwater infrastructure 21 Wetland and native habitat restoration 22 Educational signage 23 Beach park amenities 1

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LONG-TERM PLAN Approximately 2075

Parking lot 2 Elevated shared-use boardwalk 3 Elevated pedestrian only boardwalk 4 Maintenance and emergency access pathway 5 Paved multipurpose area 6 Comfort station 7 Showers 8 Reef education hub 9 Small park pavilion 10 Large park pavilion 11 Lifeguard tower 12 Shaded lookout structure 13 Bridge / culvert 14 Vegetated buffer and living shoreline 15 Revetments 16 Loʻi 17 Hale loʻi 18 ʻAuwai ditch connection 19 Riparian and stream restoration 20 Green stormwater infrastructure 21 Wetland and native habitat restoration 22 Educational signage 23 Beach park amenities

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Mile Marker 14 beach parking and vegetation (UHCDC, 2024) 595

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8.4

Transects To further communicate the proof-of-concept design vision, a series of isometric transects is provided to help transition the viewer’s understanding from two-dimensional plan drawings to three-dimensional representations of the proposed design. The following pages illustrate these transects, highlighting the conceptual design strategies alongside existing site features and conditions.

When using the term “transect,” this report refers to isometric cross-sectional design drawings.

These types of illustrative graphics allow for the effective representation of complex spatial configurations and land-water transitions, such as water levels relative to surrounding built structures and/ or ground conditions.

List of Transects: Existing Transect (2026) Near-Term Transect (Approximately 2045) Long-Term Transect (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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TRANSECTS

Transect Location

Catalytic Site Limit of Work Catalytic Site 2 transect boundary (UHCDC)

Overview Each transect is defined by a 200-ft by 600-ft study area, allowing the illustrations to focus on site features and conditions most relevant to the proof-of-concept design vision.

zones between land and water or between adjacent program elements, while demonstrating design strategies that are representative of other areas throughout the overall project area.

Throughout this report, the term “transect” refers to wide, isometric cross-sectional drawings that effectively communicate complex spatial relationships, including changes in topography, water levels, built infrastructure, and surrounding ground conditions.

The Catalytic Site 2 transect is located near Mile Marker 14 to illustrate existing site conditions—a popular beach area, the Honoapiʻilani Highway, undesignated roadside parking, the old cane haul road, etc.—and to demonstrate how these features could be transformed through the implementation of the proposed resilient proof-ofconcept design.

The transect location selected for Catalytic Site 2 highlights key components of the proof-of-concept design. In many cases, such transect drawings illustrate edge conditions and transitional 597

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The transect study boundary, shown above in the context of existing site conditions, remains

CATALYTIC SITE 2 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

consistent across all three design time frames: Existing (2026), Near-Term (approximately 2045), and Long-Term (approximately 2075). As discussed in Chapter 5, the project’s overarching time scale for these proof-of-concept designs is guided by the anticipated Honoapiʻilani Highway relocation schedule and sea level rise projections from NOAA’s 2022 Intermediate High sea level rise scenario for Hawaiʻi.

Locator diagrams in the bottom right corner of the drawings highlight how the transects are situated within their respective catalytic site limit of work plan view.

Transects Time Frame Existing: 2026 Near-Term: Approximately 2045 (1.1’ SLR-XA) Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA)

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TRANSECTS

EXISTING CONDITIONS Mile Marker 14 - 2026

CLEARIN

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NEAR-TERM VISION Mile Marker 14 - Approximately 2045

REALIGNED HONOAPIʻILANI HIGHWA

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MAINTENANCE AND EMERGENCY ACCESS PARK PAVILION

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CATALYTIC SITE 2 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

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LONG-TERM VISION Mile Marker 14 - Approximately 2075

REALIGNED HONOAPIʻILANI HIGHWA

WETLAND AND NATIVE HABITAT RESTORATION

MAINTENANCE AND EMERGENCY ACCESS PARK PAVILION

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CATALYTIC SITE 2 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

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Mile Marker 14 beach (UHCDC, 2024) 605

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8.5

Perspectives Building upon the previous, illustrative isometric transect drawings, the following section perspective studies and long-term eye-level rendering provide a sense of the user experience in the existing condition that contrasts with the near-term and long-term design proposals for Catalytic Site 2.

This illustrative representation format might assist report readers in visualizing the proposed changes and improvements over time more easily than abstract plan drawings.

List of Perspectives: Existing Section Perspective (2026) Near-Term Section Perspective (Approximately 2045) Long-Term Section Perspective (Approximately 2075) Long-Term Eye-Level Rendering (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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PERSPECTIVES Section Perspectives and Eye-Level Rendering

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Catalytic Site 2 section perspective and eye-level rendering locations (UHCDC)

Overview Section perspective studies and eye-level renderings provide a sense of the experience in the existing conditions that contrasts with the nearterm and long-term design proposals within the Catalytic Site 2 limit of work. This illustrative representation format assists readers in visualizing the proposed changes and improvements over time more easily than plan and section drawings alone.

Consistent with the chronological organization established earlier in this chapter, the section perspectives are presented across three design time frames: Existing (2026), Near-Term (approximately 2045), and Long-Term (approximately 2075). As discussed in Chapter 5, these 607

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proof-of-concept design horizons are guided by the anticipated relocation of Honoapiʻilani Highway and sea level rise projections based on NOAA’s 2022 Intermediate High sea level rise scenario for Hawaiʻi.

Following the sequence of section perspectives, an eye-level rendering illustrates a representative moment in time, depicting how Catalytic Site 2 could appear following implementation of the speculative long-term proof-of-concept design.

Both the section perspective and eye-level rendering locations were selected to highlight views that best represent the project’s design

CATALYTIC SITE 2 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

intent and proposed key transformations. The descriptions that follow identify the primary design features and site characteristics illustrated in the existing, near-term, and long-term section perspectives.

Shrubs and small trees: Naupaka Kahakai, ʻAkiʻaki, ʻUhaloa » Large trees: Hala, Kamani, Milo, Niu Reef education to facilitate sustainable beach use and recreation, as well as reefsafe snorkeling »

•

Existing Section Perspective Below is a list of existing site features that are seen in the section perspective view of Catalytic Site 2: • • • • •

Heavy beach use at Mile Marker 14 including snorkeling and water recreation Erosion and sedimentation Kiawe trees lining coastline along with other invasive species Undesignated beachside parking along Honoapiʻilani Highway Clearing of vegetation occuring on the mauka side of the highway

Near-Term Section Perspective The list included below highlights proof-of-concept design features that are illustrated in the near-term section perspective: • •

• • •

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Wetland and/or native habitat restoration Creation of new climate-adapted beach park to provide shaded gathering spaces, weather protection, and picnic benches and tables Honoapiʻilani Highway decommissioning and removal Emergency and maintenance access in location of former highway right of way Wide landscaped berm, filled to 15-feet in elevation above existing sea level, designed to prevent uncontrolled flooding and sedimentation Living shoreline buffer vegetation might include: » Groundcovers: ʻAkulikuli, Kaupoʻo, Kākuaohiʻiaka, Kipukai, Paʻuohiʻiaka, Pōhuehue

Long-Term Section Perspective Below is a list of additional proof-of-concept design elements that are shown in the long-term section perspective: • • •

•

Mauka-makai hydrological connection Climate-adaptive coral reef restoration Multimodal connectivity via elevated boardwalks over restored wetland and native habitat Vegetated living shoreline buffer increases biodiversity and continues mitigating erosion and flooding caused by sea level rise and storm surge

Section Perspectives Time Frame Existing: 2026 Near-Term: Approximately 2045 (1.1’ SLR-XA) Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA) Eye-Level Rendering Time Frame Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA)

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PERSPECTIVES Section Perspective

EXISTING CONDITIONS Mile Marker 14 - 2026

SNORKELING AND RECREATIONAL BEACH USE

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INVASIVE KIAWE TREES

CATALYTIC SITE 2 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

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UNIMPROVED PARKING ALONG EXISTING HONOAPIʻILANI HIGHWAY

EROSION AND SEDIMENT

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PERSPECTIVES Section Perspective

NEAR-TERM VISION Mile Marker 14 - Approximately 2045

REEF EDUCATION AND SNORKELING

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BEACH PARK WITH SHOWERS AND PAVILIONS

CATALYTIC SITE 2 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

1.1’ SLR

VEGETATED LIVING SHORELINE BUFFER AND MAINTENANCE ACCESS

WETLAND OR NATIVE HABITAT RESTORATION

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PERSPECTIVES Section Perspective

LONG-TERM VISION Mile Marker 14 - Approximately 2075

REEF EDUCATION AND SNORKELING

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BEACH PARK WITH SHOWERS AND PAVILIONS

CATALYTIC SITE 2 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

3.2’ SLR

VEGETATED LIVING SHORELINE BUFFER AND MAINTENANCE ACCESS

BOARDWALK OVER RESTORED WETLAND AND NATIVE HABITAT

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PERSPECTIVES Eye-Level Rendering

LONG-TERM VISION Mile Marker 14 - Approximately 2075

View of Future Sustainable Beach Park Amenities and Living Shoreline

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09 CATALYTIC SITE 3 P.O.C. DESIGN

Chapter 9 illustrates conceptual near-term and long-term visions for Catalytic Site 3, the area around the existing Ukumehame Beach Park and adjacent wetlands.

Of the project’s three catalytic sites, this location’s proposed speculative site-scale design interventions are most heavily focused on native ecosystem restoration and climate adaptation, while maintaining public access to the coastal area and its iconic surf spot.

Ukumehame Beach Park (UHCDC, 2024) 619

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9.1

Background This section of the report provides a high-level overview of several of the most significant features within Catalytic Site 3. Through multiple in-person site visits, along with engagement with stakeholders and members of the local community, the project team developed a comprehensive understanding of the site’s existing conditions and the significance of its various features within the broader project context.

While this overview does not encompass every feature, it highlights several of the site’s most prominent and frequently referenced elements. Additional details and discussion of each feature are provided on the following pages.

Listed Site Features: Sediment Basin Salt-Crusted Ground Asphalt Parking Lot Seawall and Coastal Edge Beach Park Infrastructure The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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Ukumehame (UHCDC, 2024)

Overview Ukumehame Beach Park is located on the makai side of Honoapiʻilani Highway, near Mile Marker 12. The site includes shoreline access and a paved parking area. Compared to other nearby coastal destinations, it receives relatively low levels of recreational use. Visitors often stop briefly to rest or take in the views. The area is also known locally for its nearshore reef surf conditions, popular with beginners and longboarders.

Catalytic Site 3 is a broad, low-lying coastal area characterized by shoreline erosion, sediment movement, and hardened infrastructure built to protect Honoapiʻilani Highway. These conditions contribute to an ex621

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posed and evolving landscape where coastal processes are clearly visible across the site.

As shoreline conditions continue to evolve, the site presents an opportunity to transition from a traditional beach park into a wetland and habitat restoration area that supports coastal resilience, sea level rise adaptation, while maintaining public access.

Existing Site Features The following categories provide an overview of existing features found within and surrounding Ukumehame Beach Park. Understanding these conditions helps establish the site’s current character, opportunities, and constraints.

CATALYTIC SITE 3 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Sediment Basin Immediately south of Catalytic Site 3, is a sediment basin, located mauka of Honoapiʻilani Highway, characterized by dry, rocky conditions, red soil, and sparse vegetation. The basin functions as a catchment area for runoff and sediment moving downslope toward the coast, helping to manage water flow within the broader watershed. The surrounding landscape is largely barren, with exposed soils and minimal ground cover, reflecting the harsh and arid conditions of the area. Its proximity to the highway and coastal zone highlights the relationship between upland drainage, sediment transport, and shoreline conditions.

Ukumehame sediment basin (UHCDC, 2024)

Salt-Crusted Ground Mauka of the highway, areas of salt-crusted ground are present throughout the site, indicating the interaction between ocean water, evaporation, and soil. These conditions suggest that seawater regularly infiltrates or reaches near the surface, particularly in low-lying areas behind the shoreline. The ground is largely flat and sparsely vegetated, with patches of hardy coastal species adapted to saline and arid conditions. This environment reflects the site’s exposure to coastal processes and highlights its potential to support wetland or brackish habitat systems.

Salt-crusted ground (UHCDC, 2024)

Asphalt Parking Lot A paved parking lot provides primary access to Ukumehame Beach Park, though its condition is worn and largely unmaintained. The asphalt surface lacks defined striping or organization, and portions of the lot show signs of deterioration. Along the makai edge, the pavement is gradually eroding into the adjacent sand, reflecting ongoing coastal processes and exposure to wave action. Minimal amenities are provided, with only a temporary restroom present, contributing to the site’s limited use and overall underdeveloped condition.

Ukumehame Beach Park parking lot (UHCDC, 2024) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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BACKGROUND Seawall and Coastal Edge A seawall has been constructed along the shoreline south of Ukumehame Beach Park to protect Honoapiʻilani Highway from coastal erosion.

The highway sits elevated on a berm directly mauka of the park, placing critical infrastructure in close proximity to an actively changing shoreline. While the seawall has helped stabilize sections of the coast, it has also altered natural coastal processes, influencing wave energy, sediment movement, and shoreline conditions over time.

These changes are evident in the accumulation of debris along the beach and documented occurrences of sediment plumes in nearshore waters. The shoreline reflects a dynamic and evolving edge shaped by both natural forces and engineered interventions. This condition highlights an opportunity to rethink how the coastal edge functions while continuing to protect the adjacent highway.

Sea wall along Honoapiʻilani Highway (UHCDC, 2024)

Beach Park Infrastructure Maui County’s recent Beach Parks Vulnerability and Adaptation Study, which assessed the vulnerability of existing parks to coastal hazards and sea level rise, identified Ukumehame Beach Park as a site with low adaptation potential and limited future viability.

Ukumehame coast along Honoapiʻilani Highway (UHCDC, 2024)

In addition to the parking lot and portable toilet mentioned above, the park currently offers limited rustic amenities—mainly picnic tables and barbecue grills—all of which are exposed to full sun and show signs of erosion, as well as a general lack of maintenance.

Ukumehame Beach Park picnic tables (UHCDC, 2024)

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CATALYTIC SITE 3 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Hardened shoreline along Honoapiʻilani Highway near Ukumehame Beach Park (TNC, 2024) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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Vegetation at Ukumehame Beach Park (UHCDC, 2025) 625

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9.2

Analysis The following report pages feature a set of seven thematic site inventory and analysis maps, represented at the zoomed-in catalytic site scale, each covering a square area dimensioned 2,000-ft by 2,000-ft.

These maps spatially visualize select site conditions, program elements, and opportunities and constraints that have informed conceptual proof-of-concept design decisions for Catalytic Site 3.

List of Analysis Maps: Existing Conditions (2026) Wetland and Habitat Hydrology and Topography Land Ownership Shoreline and Coastal Conditions 1.1’ Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (Approximately 2045) 3.2’ Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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EXISTING CONDITIONS Analysis map legend outlined below: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Honoapiʻilani Highway Parking lot Existing gulches and ditches Hydrological connection Wetlands Existing coastline Ukumehame Beach Park Popular surf break access point Hardened shoreline 5

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Ukumehame Beach Park parking lot (UHCDC, 2024)

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WETLAND AND HABITAT Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints Existing wetlands Potential wetlands Wetlands 100’ buffer Wetland data adapted from Maui County Wetland Overlay Map (2024).

Existing wetlands at Ukumehame Beach Park (UHCDC, 2024)

Salt-crusted wetlands in Ukumehame (UHCDC, 2024) 629

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EXISTING WETLANDS

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HYDROLOGY & TOPOGRAPHY Analysis map legend outlined below: 5’ contour lines 1’ contour lines Ditches Gulches

WETLANDS

Ukumehame sediment basin (UHCDC, 2024)

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LAND OWNERSHIP

Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints TMK parcel lines Private landowner State of Hawaiʻi County of Maui WETLANDS

Road view from Ukumehame Beach Park (UHCDC, 2025)

Dirt road near Ukumehame Beach Park (UHCDC, 2024) 633

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HONOAP IʻILANI H

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Catalytic Site 3

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 3 Proof-of-Concept Design

SHORELINE & COASTAL CONDITIONS Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints Sandy shoreline Hardened shoreline Sandy conditions Vegetated conditions Hardened conditions Wetland conditions

Rocky shoreline at Ukumehame (UHCDC, 2024)

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WETLANDS

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 3 Proof-of-Concept Design

1.1’ SEA LEVEL RISE EXPOSURE AREA Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints On-site sewage disposal Coastal erosion line Existing coastline 1.1’ Sea level rise exposure area (approximately 2045) Refined selected alternative Refined selected alternative (viaduct) 140’ Right of way

The Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (SLR-XA) maps the combined footprint of multiple coastal hazards anticipated as a result of sea level rise. SLR-XA modeling includes the following three chronic flooding hazards: passive flooding, annual high wave flooding, and coastal erosion.

For purposes of the Olowalu: The Road to Resilience project, based on NOAA’s current intermediate-high scenario, 1.1 feet of sea level rise are anticipated around 2045. (Also see Chapter 5 above.)

Data source: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) sea level rise data (September, 2024)

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WETLANDS

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ANALYSIS Catalytic Site 3 Proof-of-Concept Design

3.2’ SEA LEVEL RISE EXPOSURE AREA Analysis map legend outlined below: Building footprints On-site sewage disposal Coastal erosion line Existing coastline 3.2’ Sea level rise exposure area (approximately 2075) Refined selected alternative Refined selected alternative (viaduct) 140’ Right of way

The Sea Level Rise Exposure Area (SLR-XA) maps the combined footprint of multiple coastal hazards anticipated as a result of sea level rise. SLR-XA modeling includes the following three chronic flooding hazards: passive flooding, annual high wave flooding, and coastal erosion.

For purposes of the Olowalu: The Road to Resilience project, based on NOAA’s current intermediate-high scenario, 3.2 feet of sea level rise are anticipated around 2075. (Also see Chapter 5 above.)

Data source: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) sea level rise data (September, 2024)

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Hardened shoreline along Honoapiʻilani Highway near Ukumehame Beach Park (TNC, 2024) 641

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9.3

Site Plans Following the preceding site analysis, the proof-of-concept design documentation for Catalytic Site 3 begins with plan-view representations of the proposed concepts. Subsequent report pages illustrate a series of sequential design visions that were informed by the results of community and stakeholder engagement, site analysis, and interdisciplinary collaboration with technical experts.

List of Site Plans: Existing Plan (2026) Near-Term Plan (Approximately 2045) Long-Term Plan (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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SITE PLANS

Catalytic Site Limit of Work Plan view of Catalytic Site 3 limit of work (UHCDC)

Overview The proposed conceptual design for Catalytic Site 3 is first presented through a series of planview drawings. Each catalytic site is defined by a 2,000-ft by 2,000-ft boundary, allowing the design to focus on the site features and conditions most relevant to the proof-of-concept vision.

Catalytic Site 3 encompasses a diverse range of existing features including salt-crusted ground located in designated wetland areas, an asphalt parking lot along with limited beach park infrastructure, a seawall, and a partially hardened coastal edge.

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areas most critical to address within the overall project vision.

The site boundary, shown above in the context of existing conditions, remains consistent across all three design time frames: Existing (2026), Near-Term (approximately 2045), and Long-Term (approximately 2075). As discussed in Chapter 5, the project’s overarching time scale for these proof-of-concept designs is guided by the anticipated Honoapiʻilani Highway relocation schedule and sea level rise projections from NOAA’s 2022 Intermediate High sea level rise scenario for Hawaiʻi.

CATALYTIC SITE 3 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

Existing Plan The first part of this chapter summarizes the current site conditions. Existing features establish the site’s physical character while also highlighting several key challenges and opportunities that inform the proof-of-concept design.

Notable site conditions include a hardened, rocky shoreline with existing seawall, and a popular surf break located at Ukumehame Beach Park, which was identified by a Maui County study as having low potential for sea level rise adaptation. Existing coastal erosion, disturbed wetland areas, and sedimentation hotspots within the site are influenced by several factors, including roadway erosion, deteriorating beach park infrastructure, invasive species, and nearby sources of pollution, such as the firing range and Honoapiʻilani Highway. Together, these conditions contribute to ongoing shoreline degradation and highlight the need for strategies that enhance the site’s long-term resilience.

Near-Term Plan The near-term proof-of-concept design for Catalytic Site 3 seeks to incorporate programs and uses related to the overall project goals.

Place and Community • Water access via boardwalks • Elevated multi-use path (West Maui Greenway) • New parking and rest area • Relocation of existing beach park • Wetland education • Surfing

Climate and Hazards • SLR adaptation (consider seawall, highway and parking options or retreat) • Address potential pollutants Long-Term Plan The long-term proof-of-concept design of Catalytic Site 3 seeks to continue and strengthen the incorporation of programs related to the overall project goals.

Place and Community • Expand access via network of boardwalks • Mauka hiking access • Wetland education • Wildlife watching • Surfing • Paʻakai (salt) farming and other biocultural practices • Consider land return Ecology and Habitat • Native habitat restoration and sediment mitigation • Wetland expansion • Vegetated buffer and living shoreline • Reef protection Climate and Hazards • SLR adaptation (protection, retreat, and nature-based solutions) Site Plans Time Frame Existing: 2026 Near-Term: Approximately 2045 (1.1’ SLR-XA) Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA)

Ecology and Habitat • Reef protection • Wetland and/or habitat restoration • Invasive species management • Native bird habitat • Potential Kānaka Maoli community-led, state-supported stewardship

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EXISTING PLAN 2026

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Honoapiʻilani Highway Parking lot Existing gulches and ditches Hydrological connection Wetlands Existing coastline Ukumehame Beach Park Popular surf break access point Hardened shoreline 5

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Parking lot 2 Elevated shared-use drivable boardwalk 4 Elevated water access boardwalk 5 Elevated multi-use path boardwalk (West Maui Greenway) 6 Maintenance and emergency access pathway 7 Access ramp 8 Paved multipurpose area 9 Comfort station 10 Shower 11 Wetland education hub 12 Small shaded lookout structure 13 Large shaded lookout structure 14 Bridge / culvert and hydrological connection 15 Seawall removal and repurpose 16 Revetments 17 Steps leading to sandy area 18 Vegetated buffer and living shoreline 19 Phytoremediation and site preparation 20 Riparian and stream restoration 21 Green stormwater infrastructure 22 Wetland restoration and expansion 23 Educational signage 24 Wetland education hub amenities 1

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Parking lot 2 Elevated shared-use drivable boardwalk 3 Elevated pedestrian only boardwalk 4 Elevated water access boardwalk 5 Elevated multi-use path boardwalk (West Maui Greenway) 6 Maintenance and emergency access pathway 7 Salt collection ramp 8 Paved multipurpose area 9 Comfort station 10 Shower 11 Wetland education hub 12 Small shaded lookout structure 13 Large shaded lookout structure 14 Bridge / culvert and hydrological connection 15 Seawall removal and repurpose 16 Revetments 17 Steps leading to sandy area 18 Vegetated buffer and living shoreline 19 Paʻakai (salt) collection and farming 20 Riparian and stream restoration 21 Green stormwater infrastructure 22 Wetland restoration and expansion and native habitat protection 23 Educational signage 24 Wetland education hub amenities 1

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Hardened shoreline at Ukumehame Beach Park (UHCDC, 2025) 651

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9.4

Transects To further communicate the proof-of-concept design vision, a series of isometric transects is provided to help transition the viewer’s understanding from two-dimensional plan drawings to three-dimensional representations of the proposed design. The following pages illustrate these transects, highlighting the conceptual design strategies alongside existing site features and conditions.

When using the term “transect,” this report refers to isometric cross-sectional design drawings.

These types of illustrative graphics allow for the effective representation of complex spatial configurations and land-water transitions, such as water levels relative to surrounding built structures and/ or ground conditions.

List of Transects: Existing Transect (2026) Near-Term Transect (Approximately 2045) Long-Term Transect (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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TRANSECTS

Transect Location

Catalytic Site Limit of Work Catalytic Site 3 transect boundary (UHCDC)

Overview Each transect is defined by a 200-ft by 600-ft study area, allowing the illustrations to focus on site features and conditions most relevant to the proof-of-concept design vision.

zones between land and water or between adjacent program elements, while demonstrating design strategies that are representative of other areas throughout the overall project area.

Throughout this report, the term “transect” refers to wide, isometric cross-sectional drawings that effectively communicate complex spatial relationships, including changes in topography, water levels, built infrastructure, and surrounding ground conditions.

The Catalytic Site 3 transect is located near Ukumehame Beach Park to illustrate existing site conditions—a sea wall, the Honoapiʻilani Highway, the old cane haul road, invasive vegetation, etc.—and to demonstrate how these features could be transformed through the implementation of the proposed resilient proof-ofconcept design.

The transect location selected for Catalytic Site 3 highlights key components of the proof-of-concept design. In many cases, such transect drawings illustrate edge conditions and transitional 653

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The transect study boundary, shown above in the context of existing site conditions, remains

CATALYTIC SITE 3 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

consistent across all three design time frames: Existing (2026), Near-Term (approximately 2045), and Long-Term (approximately 2075). As discussed in Chapter 5, the project’s overarching time scale for these proof-of-concept designs is guided by the anticipated Honoapiʻilani Highway relocation schedule and sea level rise projections from NOAA’s 2022 Intermediate High sea level rise scenario for Hawaiʻi.

Locator diagrams in the bottom right corner of the drawings highlight how the transects are situated within their respective catalytic site limit of work plan view.

Transects Time Frame Existing: 2026 Near-Term: Approximately 2045 (1.1’ SLR-XA) Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA)

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TRANSECTS

EXISTING CONDITIONS Ukumehame Wetlands - 2026

SEDIMENT AND EROSION

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LONG-TERM VISION

Ukumehame Wetlands - Approximately 2075

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9.5

Perspectives Building upon the previous, illustrative isometric transect drawings, the following section perspective studies and long-term eye-level rendering provide a sense of the user experience in the existing condition that contrasts with the near-term and long-term design proposals for Catalytic Site 3.

This illustrative representation format might assist report readers in visualizing the proposed changes and improvements over time more easily than abstract plan drawings.

List of Perspectives: Existing Section Perspective (2026) Near-Term Section Perspective (Approximately 2045) Long-Term Section Perspective (Approximately 2075) Long-Term Eye-Level Rendering (Approximately 2075) The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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PERSPECTIVES Section Perspectives and Eye-Level Rendering

Transect Location

Section Perspective Cut Location Eye-Level Rendering Location

Catalytic Site 3 section perspective and eye-level rendering locations (UHCDC)

Overview Section perspective studies and eye-level renderings provide a sense of the experience in the existing conditions that contrasts with the nearterm and long-term design proposals within the Catalytic Site 3 limit of work. This illustrative representation format assists readers in visualizing the proposed changes and improvements over time more easily than plan and section drawings alone.

Consistent with the chronological organization established earlier in this chapter, the section perspectives are presented across three design time frames: Existing (2026), Near-Term (approximately 2045), and Long-Term (approximately 2075). As discussed in Chapter 5, these 663

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proof-of-concept design horizons are guided by the anticipated relocation of Honoapiʻilani Highway and sea level rise projections based on NOAA’s 2022 Intermediate High sea level rise scenario for Hawaiʻi.

Following the sequence of section perspectives, an eye-level rendering illustrates a representative moment in time, depicting how Catalytic Site 3 could appear following implementation of the speculative long-term proof-of-concept design.

Both the section perspective and eye-level rendering locations were selected to highlight views that best represent the project’s design

CATALYTIC SITE 3 PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DESIGN

intent and proposed key transformations. The descriptions that follow identify the primary design features and site characteristics illustrated in the existing, near-term, and long-term section perspectives.

Existing Section Perspective Below is a list of existing site features that are seen in the section perspective view of Catalytic Site 3: • • • • •

Seawall and hardened shoreline along Honoapiʻilani Highway Sediment and erosion Former cane haul road currently used for access Seasonal wetlands and salt-crusted soil A variety of invasive species along the highway and mauka of the old cane haul road

Near-Term Section Perspective The list included below highlights proof-of-concept design features that are illustrated in the near-term section perspective: • •

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Long-Term Section Perspective Below is a list of additional proof-of-concept design elements that are shown in the long-term section perspective: • •

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Dune enhancement and continued living shoreline management Wetlands and native habitat expansion and maintenance » Seasonal mud and salt flats » Vegetated flats among open waterbodies Paʻakai collection area (biocultural restoration)

Section Perspectives Time Frame Existing: 2026 Near-Term: Approximately 2045 (1.1’ SLR-XA) Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA) Eye-Level Rendering Time Frame Long-Term: Approximately 2075 (3.2’ SLR-XA)

Seawall and highway removal with re-use of clean materials on site Implementation of vegetated living shoreline buffer using native plantings to help with flood and erosion control Wetland and native habitat restoration » Vegetated flats » Hydrological connection (mauka-makai) » Seasonal mud and salt flats Wide multi-use boardwalk in location of former cane haul road (West Maui Greenway), designed to be elevated to a height of 15 feet above existing sea level Wetland education hub, elevated and accessed via boardwalks Phytoremediation and site preparation for biocultural restoration

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EXISTING CONDITIONS Ukumehame Wetlands - 2026

SEAWALL ALONG EXISTING HONOAPIʻILANI HIGHWAY

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SEDIMENT AND EROSION

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NEAR-TERM VISION

Ukumehame Wetlands - Approximately 2045

VEGETATED LIVING SHORELINE BUFFER

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WETLAND AND NATIVE HABITAT RESTORATION

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MULTI-USE BOARDWALK (WEST MAUI GREENWAY) WITH WETLAND EDUCATION HUB

PHYTOREMEDIATION AND SITE PREPARATION FOR BIOCULTURAL RESTORATION

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PERSPECTIVES Section Perspective

LONG-TERM VISION

Ukumehame Wetlands - Approximately 2075

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RESTORED WETLANDS AND SEASONAL MUD FLATS

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3.2’ SLR

MULTI-USE BOARDWALK (WEST MAUI GREENWAY) WITH WETLAND EDUCATION HUB

SALT COLLECTION AREA (PAʻAKAI)

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PERSPECTIVES Eye-Level Rendering

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Ukumehame Wetlands - Approximately 2075 View of Multi-Use Boardwalk above Restored Wetlands, Native Habitat, and Salt Collection Area

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10 COST ESTIMATE

Based on the proposed long-term conceptual design visions presented in Chapters 6 through 9 above, Chapter 10 provides a conceptual rough order of magnitude cost estimate, intended to inform and support future planning, funding discussions, decision making, and scope determination for the project area.

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10.1

Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) Cost Summary The following rough order of magnitude cost estimate report was prepared by J. Uno & Associates, Inc. in June 2026. It is based on the conceptual proof-of-concept design materials included above and provides a planning-level cost framework for Olowalu: The Road to Resilience.

It is important to note that conceptual ROM cost was only determined for the project’s long-term visions, summarized in Chapters 6 through 9 above .

At the appropriate locations, interspersed throughout the cost estimator’s conceptual ROM report and project cost summary pages, readers will find plan view drawings, prepared by UHCDC and rendered in color, illustrating the location and spatial extent of four cost summary segments at the overall project scale, as well as limit of work outlines for Catalytic Sites 1 through 3.

Order of Content: Conceptual Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) Report Overview - Prepared by J. Uno & Associates Project Area Scale Cost Summary Catalytic Site Scale Cost Summary The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Date: June 2026

TABLE OF ROM CONTENTS: Conceptual Report

Executive Summary A. Introduction B. Purpose and Intended Use C. Methodology and Data Notes D. Basis of Cost Estimate D.1 Unit Cost Assumption Tables Project Area / Corridor-Scale Items Catalytic Site Items E. Estimate Summary F. Data Limitations and Assumptions G. Conclusion Appendix A: ROM Estimate

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Olowalu: The Road to Resilience Conceptual ROM Report Prepared for UHCDC - University of Hawaii Community Design Center Date: June 2026

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS: Executive Summary A. Introduction B. Purpose and Intended Use C. Methodology and Data Notes D. Basis of Cost Estimate D.1 Unit Cost Assumption Tables Project Area / Corridor-Scale Items Catalytic Site Items E. Estimate Summary F. Data Limitations and Assumptions G. Conclusion Appendix A: ROM Estimate

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Executive Summary This Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) Report provides a planning-level cost framework for the Olowalu long-term resilience vision.

The ROM is based on available conceptual project area materials, catalytic site materials, quantity workbooks, and estimator-developed assumptions. It is intended to support early capital planning, feasibility review, funding discussion, implementation screening, and future scope refinement.

The estimate is organized into two separate planning views. The Project Area Scale ROM is organized by Segments A through D. The Catalytic Site Scale ROM is organized by Catalytic Site 1, Catalytic Site 2, and Catalytic Site 3. These views should not be added together without scope reconciliation because catalytic site improvements may overlap with broader project area segment scope.

Base pricing is presented in 2026 dollars. Separate 2075 nominal-dollar planning projections are provided for long-range planning context. Current-dollar values should be treated as the primary estimating basis; 2075 projections should not be interpreted as current construction budgets, committed funding requirements, or guaranteed future costs.

The ROM remains a conceptual AACE Class 5-type planning estimate. It is not suitable for bid authorization, construction funding authorization, GMP development, procurement, contract award, or construction decision-making without additional design, technical studies, quantity validation, permitting review, environmental and cultural review, constructability review, current-market pricing, and implementation packaging analysis.

Major cost exposure is expected to be driven by large-area shoreline and ecological restoration work, public access and circulation improvements, boardwalks and coastal structures, public park and support facilities, wastewater allowances, and cultural or biocultural restoration elements. These areas should be prioritized for future validation because final cost will depend heavily on limits of work, permitting requirements, site access, constructability, environmental and cultural constraints, labor availability, and procurement packaging.

The ROM workbook remains the controlling quantitative source for estimate totals, line-item quantities, unit costs, markups, program allowances, and escalation calculations. This report provides the narrative basis, methodology, assumptions, exclusions, limitations, and planning interpretation supporting the workbook.

Mid Construction ROM

Mid Program ROM

Mid (2075) Program ROM

Project Areas (Total)

$721M

$992M

$6.777B

Catalytic Sites (Total)

$453M

$623M

$4.255B

Mid Summary

Prepared by: Brett Katayama Principal Cost Engineer & Estimator J. Uno & Associates, Inc. (JUA)

Note: J. Uno & Associates, Inc. (JUA) reserves the right to amend, revise, or expand the findings, assumptions, conclusions, and planning considerations in this report if new information arises, including additional documentation, field verification, design development, procurement clarification, market pricing, funding requirements, or construction-phase findings.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

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1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

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808.947.6855

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www.j-uno-associates.com

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A. Introduction This ROM Report provides a planning-level cost reference for the Olowalu long-term resilience vision. The report organizes the available conceptual project area and catalytic site planning materials into a structured cost framework for early capital planning, feasibility review, funding discussions, implementation screening, and future scope refinement.

The source materials describe a broad coastal resilience and adaptation concept for the Olowalu area, including shoreline adaptation, vegetated buffers, living shorelines, wetland and habitat restoration, circulation improvements, public access, boardwalks, public park amenities, biocultural restoration, and related ecological and infrastructure improvements. The concepts are long-term planning exhibits and do not constitute construction documents, technical specifications, permit drawings, or final design criteria.

The ROM is organized into two primary cost views. The Project Area Scale ROM is organized by Segments A through D. The Catalytic Site Scale ROM is organized by Catalytic Site 1, Catalytic Site 2, and Catalytic Site 3. These views support different planning discussions and should not be added together without scope reconciliation because catalytic site improvements may overlap with broader project area segment scope.

B. Purpose and Intended Use The purpose of this ROM Report is to support early capital planning, feasibility review, implementation planning, and cost-risk discussion for the Olowalu long-term resilience vision. It is intended to help project stakeholders understand the magnitude, distribution, assumptions, cost drivers, and planning implications of the current ROM estimate.

The report may be used to support the following planning activities: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Understanding the current-dollar magnitude of the conceptual long-term resilience improvements.

Reviewing the 2075 nominal-dollar planning projection.

Comparing planning-level cost exposure between Project Area Scale Segments A through D. Comparing planning-level cost exposure between Catalytic Site 1, Catalytic Site 2, and Catalytic Site 3.

Identifying major cost drivers, high-risk scope areas, and items requiring further validation.

Reviewing the Basis of Cost Estimate assumptions used for low, mid, and high unit costs.

Supporting preliminary funding, grant, phasing, and implementation package discussions.

Supporting future refinement as design, permitting, environmental, cultural, constructability, and market-pricing information becomes available.

This ROM Report is not intended to serve as a design document, construction document, bid estimate, construction budget, procurement package, grant application budget without further review, or final opinion of probable construction cost. The ROM values should be refined through survey, field investigation, design development, permitting review, environmental and cultural consultation, constructability review, current-market pricing, and procurement analysis before being used for bid authorization, funding authorization, procurement, contract award, or construction decision-making.

The 2026-dollar ROM should be treated as the primary cost basis. Any 2075 escalated values are long-term nominal-dollar planning projections only and should not be interpreted as current construction budgets, committed funding requirements, or guaranteed future costs.

C. Methodology and Data Notes This ROM Report was prepared by reviewing the available Olowalu conceptual planning materials, quantity workbooks, draft cost estimate structure, and estimator-developed scope assumptions. The source information includes Project Area Scale concepts, Catalytic Site Scale concepts, project-scale and site-scale quantity workbooks, and scope boundary decisions developed during estimate scoping.

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The ROM is organized into two primary estimate views: ● ●

Project Areas ROM: organized by Segment A, Segment B, Segment C, and Segment D Catalytic Sites ROM: organized by Catalytic Site 1, Catalytic Site 2, and Catalytic Site 3

The Project Area Scale ROM provides a corridor-level view of the long-term resilience concept. The Catalytic Site Scale ROM provides focused planning views for selected implementation areas. These two views should not be added together without scope reconciliation because catalytic site improvements may overlap with broader project area segment quantities.

Base pricing is presented in 2026 dollars. Separate 2075 nominal-dollar planning projections are provided using low, mid, and high annual escalation assumptions of 3.0%, 4.0%, and 5.0%, respectively, from 2026 to approximately 2075. The 4.0% annual escalation rate is used as the mid planning assumption.

The estimate assumes public-sector / prevailing wage Hawaii construction conditions where applicable, based on Hawaii wage rate schedule labor assumptions. Unit costs assume adequate local Maui labor and subcontractor availability. Premiums for labor imported from Oahu or elsewhere, including flights, lodging, rental vehicles, per diem, travel time, or labor lodging camps, are excluded unless specifically added.

The estimate assumes design-bid-build procurement with competitive bidding and approximately four qualified prime contractor bids. Pricing may change materially under CM-at-risk, design-build, negotiated, emergency, sole-source, or limited-competition procurement.

Installed unit costs are intended to represent conceptual installed direct construction costs. They include assumed trade labor, materials, equipment, field supervision, small tools, consumables, waste, productivity factors, coordination, subcontractor overhead and profit, subcontractor risk premiums, and GC self-performed direct work where applicable. GC-level general conditions, mobilization, temporary controls, insurance, bond, contractor overhead and profit, Hawaii GET, soft costs, owner/program allowances, and escalation are carried separately.

Low, mid, and high unit costs are used for major scope items. These unit-cost ranges are not intended to represent the full AACE Class 5 estimate accuracy range. They represent conceptual scope-condition scenarios based on assumed scope intensity, access conditions, material requirements, environmental constraints, and constructability complexity. The mid unit cost is used as the primary estimating assumption unless otherwise noted.

The ROM workbook remains the controlling quantitative source for estimate totals, line-item quantities, unit costs, markups, program allowances, and escalation calculations. The Basis of Cost Estimate section documents the pricing basis, unit-cost assumptions, inclusions, exclusions, and limitations supporting the ROM. The ROM data was reviewed as a planning-level dataset. The report focuses on relative magnitude, cost concentration, scope categorization, implementation implications, and cost-risk exposure rather than design-level quantity validation. The report does not independently validate survey limits, property boundaries, geotechnical conditions, environmental conditions, cultural resource limits, final design criteria, permit requirements, constructability constraints, phasing requirements, utility availability, or procurement package boundaries.

Because the source materials are conceptual, several cost items are carried as allowances rather than detailed construction quantities. These include reef protection and marine management, pollution mitigation, sediment management, wastewater systems, cultural site protection, and certain ecological or biocultural restoration elements. These allowances should be refined as the project advances through technical studies, field investigations, stakeholder coordination, agency review, design development, and current-market cost validation.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

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808.947.6855

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www.j-uno-associates.com

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D. Basis of Cost Estimate Purpose: This Basis of Cost Estimate (BOCE) documents the pricing basis, unit-cost assumptions, inclusions, exclusions, program allowances, markups, escalation assumptions, and limitations used to develop the Olowalu: The Road to Resilience conceptual ROM estimate.

The BOCE supports review of the ROM Report, interpretation of the ROM workbook, reconciliation between the Project Area Scale and Catalytic Site Scale estimate views, and future updates as additional design, technical, permitting, constructability, and market-pricing information becomes available.

Documents and Information Reviewed: ● Draft cost materials for Olowalu: The Road to Resilience, including Project Area Scale and Catalytic Site Scale concepts. ● Project Area Scale materials identifying Segments A, B, C, and D and major long-term resilience scope categories. ● Catalytic Site materials identifying Catalytic Site 1 — Olowalu Town, Catalytic Site 2 — Mile Marker 14, and Catalytic Site 3 — Ukumehame Beach Park & Wetlands. ● Project-scale and site-scale quantity workbooks provided for ROM estimate development. ● Estimator-developed assumptions and scope boundary decisions developed during estimate scoping.

Estimate Classification and Use: This ROM is a conceptual AACE Class 5-type planning estimate. It is suitable for early planning, rough-order-of-magnitude comparison, funding discussions, implementation screening, and scope prioritization only.

Estimate Organization: The estimate is organized using two primary planning views: the Project Area Scale ROM and the Catalytic Site Scale ROM. The Project Area Scale and Catalytic Site Scale views should not be added together without scope reconciliation because catalytic site improvements may overlap with broader project area segment scope.

Pricing Basis: ● Base pricing is in 2026 dollars. ● Separate 2075 nominal-dollar planning projections are shown using 3.0%, 4.0%, and 5.0% annual escalation assumptions.

The 4.0% rate is used as the mid planning assumption. ● Unit costs assume public-sector / prevailing wage Hawaii construction conditions where applicable. ● Unit costs assume adequate local Maui labor and subcontractor availability. Imported labor premiums, including flights, lodging, rental vehicles, per diem, travel time, and labor lodging camps, are excluded unless specifically added. ● Unit costs include conceptual allowances for site access, staging, hauling, material delivery, constrained coastal construction logistics, and normal productivity impacts associated with conceptual coastal and resilience work. ● New highway relocation/construction, viaducts, major bridges, DOT right-of-way work, and major utility relocations are excluded unless separately defined. ● Reef protection, pollution mitigation, sediment management, wastewater systems, cultural site protection, and certain ecological or biocultural restoration elements are carried as planning allowances where identified and should be refined as scope definition advances.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

681

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1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

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Page 6

Construction Contract, Labor, Work Hours, and Phasing Basis: Basis Item

Assumption

Construction contract type

Assumes design-bid-build procurement with competitive bidding and approximately four qualified prime contractor bids. Pricing may change materially under CM-at-risk, design-build, negotiated, emergency, sole-source, or limited-competition procurement.

Labor basis

Assumes public-sector / prevailing wage Hawaii construction conditions where applicable.

Local labor assumption

Assumes adequate local Maui labor and subcontractor availability. Imported Oahu or mainland labor premiums are excluded unless specifically added.

Work hours

Assumes normal daytime work hours, five 8-hour workdays per week. Overtime, night work, weekend work, holiday work, restricted work windows, and premium shifts are excluded unless specifically defined.

Phasing

No complex phasing premium is included. If phased implementation, seasonal work windows, partial openings, active public-use constraints, or grant-funded work packages are required, separate phasing allowances should be developed.

Traffic management

Highway removal assumes affected roadway segments are decommissioned or not actively carrying public traffic prior to removal. Active traffic management plans and active roadway traffic control are excluded unless specifically defined.

Installed Unit Cost and Subcontractor Markup Basis: Installed unit costs represent conceptual installed direct construction costs. They include assumed trade labor, materials, equipment, field supervision, small tools, consumables, waste, productivity factors, coordination, subcontractor overhead and profit, subcontractor risk premiums, and GC self-performed direct work where applicable.

GC-level general conditions, mobilization, temporary controls, insurance, bond, contractor overhead and profit, Hawaii GET, soft costs, owner/program allowances, and escalation are carried separately below installed direct construction costs.

Low / Mid / High Unit Cost Methodology: Low, mid, and high unit costs represent conceptual scope-condition scenarios based on assumed scope intensity, access conditions, material requirements, environmental constraints, and constructability complexity. They are not intended to represent the full AACE Class 5 estimate accuracy range. The mid unit cost is used as the primary estimating assumption unless otherwise noted.

The overall ROM remains conceptual due to limited design definition, lack of construction drawings, lack of technical specifications, unresolved permitting requirements, undefined means and methods, and unresolved implementation packaging. Separate program allowances and contingencies are carried below the line for these unresolved risks.

Program Allowances and Markups: Program allowances and markups are carried outside the installed unit costs. Percentages vary by scenario to reflect assumed differences in delivery complexity, access, environmental controls, contractor coordination, and unresolved implementation risk. The mid value is the primary planning assumption unless directed otherwise.

Allowance / Markup

Low

Mid

High

Type

Notes

Mobilization / Demobilization

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

Direct

Applied to installed direct construction cost. Includes contractor mobilization, demobilization, start-up, move-in/move-out, temporary setup, and general project start/close support.

Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls

4.0%

5.5%

7.0%

Direct

Applied to installed direct construction cost. Includes conceptual allowance for temporary BMPs, erosion/sediment controls, environmental protection, maintenance, and removal.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

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The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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Allowance / Markup

Low

Mid

High

Type

Notes

Traffic / Public Access Controls

1.5%

2.5%

3.5%

Direct

Applied to installed direct construction cost. Includes public access controls, pedestrian routing, barricades, signage, site safety separation, and limited non-active-roadway controls. Active DOT traffic control is excluded unless defined.

Job Office Overhead (JOOH)

7.0%

8.5%

10%

Running

Applied to the running construction subtotal. Includes project supervision, field management, job office, temporary facilities, project administration, field coordination, safety management, schedule coordination, and project-level support.

Home Office Overhead (HOOH)

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

Running

Applied to the running construction subtotal. Includes contractor corporate overhead, executive support, accounting, estimating support, insurance administration, and general business support allocable to the work.

Profit

5.5%

6.5%

7.5%

Running

Applied to the running construction subtotal. Includes prime contractor profit and risk return on the work.

Bond(s)

1.25%

1.50%

1.75%

Running

Applied to the running construction subtotal. Includes payment and performance bond premiums.

Insurance(s)

0.75%

1.00%

1.25%

Running

Applied to the running construction subtotal. Includes contractor insurance premiums and project related insurance costs not otherwise included in installed unit costs.

Hawaii GET

4.712%

4.712%

4.712%

Running

Applied to the running taxable construction subtotal as Hawaii General Excise Tax impact, where applicable.

Design / Engineering / Technical Studies

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

Direct

Applied to total estimated construction cost. Includes planning level allowance for design, engineering, technical studies, surveys, investigations, and related consultant support.

Environmental Permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coordination

5.0%

7.5%

10.0%

Direct

Applied to total estimated construction cost. Includes environmental review, permitting support, cultural consultation, agency coordination, documentation, and related technical support.

Construction Management

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

Direct

Applied to total estimated construction cost. Includes owner-side construction management, inspection, project controls, cost/schedule monitoring, reporting, and construction-phase administration.

Program Contingency

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

Direct

Applied to total estimated construction cost. Includes planning-level allowance for unresolved scope, quantity development, design progression, permitting conditions, access constraints, constructability issues, and implementation risk.

Escalation to 2075

3.0%/yr 4.0%/yr 5.0%/yr

Escalation

Applied as a compound annual escalation factor from 2026 dollars to 2075 nominal dollars. The 4.0% annual rate is the mid planning assumption.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

683

|

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

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www.j-uno-associates.com

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Page 8

General Unit Cost Exclusions and Estimate Exclusions: The item-specific unit costs in Section D.1 exclude the items below unless specifically stated otherwise. Items identified as “carried separately” are included elsewhere in the ROM through markups, program allowances, contingency, or escalation. Items identified as “excluded from ROM” are not included unless specifically added by the client.

Category

Status / Basis

Contractor project-level costs

Excluded from item unit costs; carried separately through mobilization/demobilization, temporary controls, traffic/public access controls, and Job Office Overhead (JOOH).

Contractor corporate markups, risk, and tax

Excluded from item unit costs; carried separately through Home Office Overhead (HOOH), profit, bonds, insurance, and Hawaii GET.

Program-level soft costs and escalation

Excluded from item unit costs; carried separately through design/engineering/technical studies, environmental permitting/cultural consultation/agency coordination, construction management, program contingency, and escalation.

FF&E, loose furnishings, owner-furnished fixtures and equipment, exhibits, interpretive displays, AV/technology systems, appliances, vendor equipment, maintenance equipment, and operational contents

Excluded from the ROM unless specifically identified in a line item or added by the client. Building and site unit costs include permanent construction components, including building fixtures where specifically included in the building line item, but exclude loose or owner-furnished contents.

Legal costs, financing costs, land acquisition, easements, rights-of-entry, property-owner compensation, and title work

Excluded from the ROM unless specifically added by the client.

Long-term operations, maintenance, stewardship, security, cleaning, repair, replacement, and lifecycle renewal

Excluded from the capital ROM unless specifically added by the client.

Active traffic management, lane closures, contraflow, police details, temporary detours, and active DOT traffic control

Excluded unless specifically defined. Highway removal assumes decommissioned or non-active roadway segments.

Imported labor premiums from Oahu/mainland, including flights, lodging, rental vehicles, per diem, and travel time

Excluded unless local Maui labor is not available and premiums are specifically added.

Excluded unless specifically defined.

Night work, overtime, weekend work, holiday work, restricted work windows, complex phasing, multiple bid packages, grant phasing, temporary openings, public-use phasing, and seasonal/environmental work-window premiums

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

|

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

|

www.j-uno-associates.com

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The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

684

D.1 Unit Cost Assumption Tables The unit-cost assumptions below support the ROM workbook. Unit costs are conceptual installed direct construction costs and exclude contractor markups, program allowances, escalation, FF&E, long-term O&M, and other exclusions identified in the BOCE unless specifically stated otherwise. Low, mid, and high values represent conceptual scope-condition scenarios, not the full AACE Class 5 accuracy range.

Project Area / Corridor-Scale Items This table includes only the line items used in the Project Area Segment ROM for Segments A through D. No

Scope Item

Unit / Usage

Low Basis

Mid Basis

High Basis

1

Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline

SF Project Area Segments A, B, C, D

$8/SF Light vegetated buffer; clearing, light grading, soil prep, native planting, erosion-control matting, limited stabilization.

$18/SF Blended vegetated buffer / moderate living shoreline; soil amendments, planting, erosion control, limited salvaged rock reuse, constrained access.

$35/SF Heavier living shoreline; shoreline shaping, greater rock/material handling, imported select material, difficult access, higher environmental controls.

Wetland Restoration + Expansion

SF Project Area Segments A, B, C, D

$6/SF Light wetland restoration; invasive removal, minor grading, limited soil amendment, native planting, favorable hydrology.

$15/SF Moderate restoration/expansion; earthwork shaping, soil amendments, localized water-control measures, erosion control, access limitations.

$30/SF Intensive restoration; greater grading, hydrology modification, imported soil/media, higher planting density, difficult access.

Native Habitat Restoration

SF Project Area Segments C, D

$4/SF Basic invasive removal, native groundcover/shrub planting, limited soil preparation, favorable access.

$10/SF Clearing, grubbing, soil amendment, native planting mix, erosion control, establishment watering allowance.

$22/SF Higher planting density, difficult access, more soil preparation, invasive species pressure, temporary protection.

Riparian + Stream Restoration

LF Project Area Segments B, D

$600/LF Bank cleanup, invasive removal, native planting, limited bank stabilization, favorable access.

$1,500/LF Bank grading, planting, erosion control, localized stabilization, access protection, moderate hydrologic restoration.

$3,000/LF More intensive bank reconstruction, channel shaping, stabilization, access constraints, environmental controls.

2

3

4

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

685

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Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

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Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

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808.947.6855

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Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions Excludes major revetments, seawall removal, offshore/marine work, reef restoration, contaminated materials, and long-term stewardship.

Catalytic wetland/native habitat work should use Wetlands / Habitat where separately identified.

Excludes major water-control structures, bridges/ culverts, pump systems, mitigation banking, contaminated soils, and long-term monitoring.

Excludes long-term stewardship, multi-year maintenance, biological monitoring, permanent irrigation, and major grading.

Conceptual LF allowance only; final corridor width varies. Excludes bridges, large culverts, hydraulic structures, major flood-control improvements, and contaminated sediment handling.

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Page 10

No

Scope Item

Unit / Usage

Low Basis

Mid Basis

High Basis

5

Public Park / Beach Park

SF Project Area Segments B, C

$20/SF Basic park area; grading, open space, limited paths, minor furnishings, planting, favorable access.

$45/SF Moderate developed park; pedestrian circulation, shade planting, furnishings, minor structures, drainage, site prep.

$90/SF Higher-quality public-use park; more paving, amenities, access improvements, drainage, lighting allowance, constrained work.

Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose

LF Project Area Segment C, D

$750/LF Accessible removal, limited sorting, nearby reuse of rock/material, favorable disposal.

$1,750/LF Demolition, sorting, salvaging, stockpiling, repurposing, limited imported replacement material, moderate coastal constraints.

$3,500/LF Hard access, heavy material handling, selective salvage, environmental controls, specialty equipment, complex reuse/disposal.

Highway Removal

LF Project Area Segments A, B, C, D

$400/LF Sawcutting, asphalt/base removal, hauling, disposal, rough grading, favorable access; inactive roadway assumed.

$800/LF Pavement/base removal, access control, drainage adjustment allowance, hauling/disposal, grading, logistics.

$1,400/LF Constrained access, thicker pavement/base, drainage conflicts, utility coordination, difficult disposal logistics.

8

Highway Repurpose / Conversion to Multi-Use Path

LF Project Area Segments B, D

$500/LF Existing road prism mostly retained; limited resurfacing, striping, bollards/signage, minor edge repairs.

$900/LF Pavement rehabilitation/overlay, shared-use path, shoulders/edge treatment, signage/striping, minor drainage corrections.

$1,600/LF Greater reconstruction, barrier/railing improvements, drainage upgrades, accessibility improvements, constrained access.

9

Multi-Use Path LF Project Area Segments A, B, C, D

$350/LF Grading, aggregate base, asphalt/concrete path surface, minor shoulders, favorable access.

$650/LF Path pavement, subbase, drainage allowance, signage/striping, erosion control, logistics/access constraints.

$1,200/LF More significant grading, drainage, accessibility constraints, edge protection, difficult access, higher environmental controls.

Water Access Boardwalks

$2,500/LF Simple coastal-duty boardwalk, limited railings, favorable foundations/access.

$5,000/LF Elevated coastal-duty structure, corrosion-resistant materials, foundations/supports, railings, ADA transitions.

$8,000/LF More robust structure, difficult foundations, coastal exposure, railings/guards, environmental restrictions, difficult access.

6

7

10

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Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions Use specific line items where components are separately quantified.

Excludes comfort stations, major pavilions, wastewater, parking, shoreline structures, major utilities, and hazardous materials.

Excludes contaminated material, hazardous waste, offshore work, major new revetment construction, archaeological/cultural remediation, and structural engineering design.

Assumes decommissioned/non-activ e roadway. Excludes active DOT traffic control, detours, new highway construction, relocation, bridges/viaducts, major utilities, ROW/easements, and hazardous materials.

Excludes full-depth new roadway construction, major retaining walls, major drainage structures, utility relocation, active traffic control, and new highway alignment work.

At-grade path only.

Excludes elevated boardwalks, bridges, major retaining walls, lighting, major utilities, easements, and long-term O&M.

Use catalytic boardwalk/pier items where detailed catalytic quantities exist. Excludes true marine pier construction, dredging, offshore work, major bridges, wave-impact design, and long-term O&M.

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No

Scope Item

Unit / Usage

11

Public Shoreline Path

LF Project Area Segment B

Mid Basis

High Basis

$250/LF Stabilized surface or simple concrete/ asphalt path, minor grading, favorable access.

$500/LF Accessible surface, subbase, drainage allowance, edge protection, signage allowance, constrained coastal access.

$900/LF Wider/more durable path, difficult grading, erosion controls, edge protection, accessibility transitions.

Cultural Site Protection

SF Project Area Segments B, C

$3/SF Fencing, signage, access control, light protection measures, favorable conditions.

$8/SF Protective buffers, access controls, interpretive elements, minor stabilization, coordination allowance.

$18/SF Higher protection level, selective access, increased coordination, protective stabilization, difficult construction interface.

13

Biocultural Restoration

SF Project Area Segments B, C, D

$8/SF Basic grading, soil preparation, planting, simple water/access assumptions.

$20/SF Earthwork shaping, planting, water distribution allowance, soil amendments, access, moderate restoration complexity.

$45/SF Complex grading, water-control features, soil/media improvements, cultural coordination, access constraints, higher establishment requirements.

Use specific loʻi, paʻakai, or other site-specific items where quantities exist.

Excludes major irrigation, major water source development, hydraulic structures, easements, and long-term stewardship.

14

Reef Protection + Marine Management

% allowance; Project Area Segments A, B, C, D

0.25% Limited reef-interface planning/monitoring and early management measures.

0.50% Broader planning allowance for monitoring, management, protection measures, education support, coordination, and implementation support.

1.00% Larger-scale protection/ management program with more extensive monitoring, coordination, implementation support, and adaptive management.

Programmatic direct-cost allowance, not a measured construction quantity.

Excludes defined offshore construction, coral restoration contracts, marine engineering, mitigation banking, regulatory compensation, and long-term O&M beyond allowance.

15

Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding

LS Project Area Segments D

$500,000 $1,000,000 Limited interpretive and Wayfinding, wayfinding signage. interpretive signage, educational panels, foundations, installation, and coordination allowance.

$2,000,000 Larger interpretive program, custom signage, multiple sign types, cultural/educational content integration, difficult installation.

Pollution Mitigation

% allowance; Project Area Segments A, B, C, D

0.25% Limited pollution mitigation measures and early implementation allowance.

1.00% More extensive treatment measures, multiple locations, difficult site conditions, higher environmental controls.

12

16

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

687

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Low Basis

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

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0.50% Broader stormwater/pollution mitigation allowance, treatment features, coordination, implementation support.

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

|

Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions At-grade shoreline path only. Excludes elevated boardwalks, seawalls/ revetments, major drainage structures, lighting, utilities, and easements.

Excludes archaeological excavation, data recovery, cultural resource remediation, legal agreements, easements, and long-term stewardship.

Excludes major exhibits, digital/interactive systems, app development, long-term maintenance, and content development beyond allowance.

Programmatic direct-cost allowance pending definition. Excludes defined remediation, contaminated soils, hazardous materials, major utility reconstruction, fines/compensation, and long-term monitoring beyond allowance.

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Page 12

No

Scope Item

Unit / Usage

Low Basis

Mid Basis

High Basis

17

Sediment Management

% allowance; Project Area Segments A, B, C, D

0.25% Limited sediment control measures and localized improvements.

0.50% Larger watershed/ coastal sediment management allowance, drainage/ sediment controls, monitoring support, implementation measures.

1.00% Broad programmatic sediment controls, multiple locations, difficult access, higher environmental constraints, adaptive management allowance.

Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions Programmatic direct-cost allowance pending definition. Excludes major watershed infrastructure, dredging, contaminated sediment remediation, mitigation, easements, and long-term O&M beyond allowance.

Catalytic Site Items This table includes only the line items used in the Catalytic Site ROM. Where a scope name is similar to a Project Area item, the scope item name notes that it is the Catalytic Site version and may use a different unit-cost basis.

No 1

2

Scope Item

Low Basis

Mid Basis

High Basis

Stall Catalytic Sites 1, 2, 3

$20,000/Stall Asphalt paving, striping, limited grading, minor drainage, favorable access.

$25,000/Stall Grading, paving, drainage allowance, striping, signage, accessibility features, logistics.

$40,000/Stall More site prep, drainage, lighting allowance, accessibility upgrades, environmental controls, difficult access.

LF Catalytic Sites 1

$500/LF Simple at-grade shoreline path with basic surface and edge treatment.

$1,000/LF More durable accessible shoreline path, drainage allowance, edge protection, signage, constrained coastal access.

$1,800/LF Higher-durability coastal path, difficult grading, erosion controls, accessibility transitions, and public-use constraints.

Park Pedestrian Path

LF Catalytic Sites 1

$350/LF Pedestrian path with grading, base, simple hardscape/stabilized surface, favorable access.

$600/LF More developed pedestrian path, hardscape surface, drainage/edge allowance, public-use durability.

$950/LF Higher-quality path, more edge treatment, accessibility transitions, constrained access, and stronger public-use durability.

Wooden Path

LF Catalytic Sites 1

$4,500/LF Basic decked/ elevated wooden path with favorable supports/ access.

$7,000/LF Coastal-duty wooden path with framing/ supports, decking, edge protection, railings where required, constrained access.

$10,000/LF More robust coastal-duty wooden path, higher exposure, difficult supports, greater detailing, constrained construction.

Parking Lot

Public Shoreline Path Catalytic Site Version

3

4

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

Unit / Usage

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808.947.6855

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Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions Excludes land, major retaining walls, major utilities, structured parking, EV charging, major lighting systems, and stormwater treatment beyond allowance.

Similar scope name to Project Area Public Shoreline Path but different catalytic-site unit-cost basis. Excludes elevated boardwalks, seawalls/revetments, major drainage, lighting, utilities, and easements.

Excludes elevated boardwalks, major retaining walls, major drainage, lighting unless separately priced, and long-term O&M. Excludes full bridge design, deep marine foundations, major utility corridors, and long-term maintenance.

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688

No 5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Scope Item

Low Basis

Mid Basis

High Basis

Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions

Multi-Use Path LF at Grade Catalytic Sites Catalytic Site 1 Version

$700/LF At-grade path with grading, base, hardscape/ asphalt/ concrete surface, favorable access.

$1,200/LF More developed at-grade multi-use path with drainage, edge treatment, signage/striping, access constraints.

$2,200/LF Higher-durability path with more grading, drainage, accessibility work, edge protection, difficult access.

Village Center Path

LF Catalytic Sites 1

$500/LF Basic village-center pedestrian path with accessible surface and minor edge treatment.

$650/LF More finished village-center path with better surface, edge treatment, drainage allowance, and public-use durability.

$850/LF Higher-quality village-center path with enhanced finish, accessibility transitions, constrained access, and higher durability.

Excludes utilities, decorative/ site-specific features beyond allowance, lighting unless separately priced, and long-term O&M.

Emergency Vehicle Turn-around

LF Catalytic Sites 1

$450/LF Stabilized emergency/ maintenance turn-around with favorable access.

$650/LF Durable turn-around surface with subgrade prep, edge treatment, drainage allowance, and access control.

$850/LF More robust vehicle-supporting surface, constrained access, subgrade improvement, and higher durability.

Excludes public roadway construction, active traffic management, major retaining walls, major drainage, and major utilities.

Shared-Use Drivable Boardwalk

LF Catalytic Sites 3

$8,000/LF Vehicle-rated maintenance/ emergency access boardwalk with favorable foundations and access.

$12,000/LF Heavier elevated structure, corrosion-resistant materials, vehicle-rated framing/ decking, railings/ guards, supports.

$18,000/LF More robust vehicle-rated structure, difficult foundations, high coastal exposure, environmental restrictions, complex logistics.

Excludes public road bridges, highway bridges, deep marine foundations beyond allowance, utility corridors, and long-term O&M.

Shared-Use Boardwalk

LF Catalytic Sites 2, 3

$4,500/LF Elevated pedestrian/bike structure, limited railings, favorable foundations/access.

$7,000/LF Coastal-duty elevated structure, corrosion resistant materials, wider deck, railings/ guards, ADA transitions.

$11,000/LF More robust structure, difficult foundations, guards/ railings, environmental work windows, constrained staging.

Excludes vehicle-rated design, bridges, utility corridors, deep marine foundations, and long-term O&M.

Pedestrian Only Boardwalk

LF Catalytic Sites 2, 3

$3,000/LF Simple elevated pedestrian boardwalk, favorable access, limited railing requirements.

$5,000/LF Coastal-duty pedestrian boardwalk, corrosion-resistant materials, supports/ foundations, railings, ADA transitions.

$8,500/LF Difficult foundations, constrained environmental access, guards/ railings, higher coastal exposure, complex construction.

Multi-Use Path LF Boardwalk Catalytic Sites 3

$5,500/LF Elevated pedestrian/ bicycle boardwalk with favorable foundations/ access.

$8,000/LF Coastal-duty elevated multi-use structure, guards/ railings, ADA transitions, corrosion resistant materials.

$12,500/LF More robust structure, difficult foundations, high coastal exposure, environmental restrictions, difficult access.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

689

Unit / Usage

|

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

|

Similar scope name to Project Area Multi-Use Path but different catalytic-site unit-cost basis. Excludes elevated boardwalks, bridges, retaining walls, lighting, utilities, and long-term O&M.

Excludes vehicle loading, major bridges, utility corridors, deep marine foundations beyond allowance, and long-term O&M. Excludes vehicle-rated access, major bridges, utility corridors, deep marine foundations, lighting unless separately priced, and long-term O&M.

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Page 14

No

Scope Item

12

Water Access Boardwalk / Pier

Unit / Usage

14

16

17

High Basis

Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions

$4,000/LF Light coastal access boardwalk, limited water-edge interface, favorable access, basic railings.

$7,000/LF Coastal-duty boardwalk/ pier allowance with corrosion resistant materials, supports, railings, ADA transitions, water access interface.

$11,000/LF More robust coastal/ marine access structure, difficult foundations, high exposure, environmental windows, difficult logistics.

Paved Multipurpose Area

SF Catalytic Sites 1, 2

$45/SF Grading, base, asphalt/ concrete paving, limited edge treatment.

$85/SF Subgrade prep, base, concrete/ asphalt or unit paving allowance, drainage, edge treatment, access constraints.

$140/SF More robust paving, decorative/ durable surface, drainage, accessibility transitions, edge protection.

Excludes shade structures, utilities, lighting, event infrastructure, major drainage, and O&M.

Paved Multipurpose Area

LF Catalytic Sites 3 (where workbook uses LF)

$450/LF 10-foot-wide path-like paved multipurpose area with basic grading/ base/ surface.

$850/LF More durable linear paved multipurpose area with drainage, edge treatment, and access constraints.

$1,200/LF Higher-durability linear paved area with more edge protection, drainage, accessibility work, and constrained access.

Same general scope as Paved Multipurpose Area but estimated on LF basis where workbook quantity is linear.

Maintenance & Emergency Access Pathway

LF Catalytic Sites 2, 3

$900/LF Graded/ stabilized access path, limited drainage, favorable access.

$1,600/LF Durable access pathway, aggregate/ asphalt/ concrete surfacing allowance, subgrade prep, drainage allowance, access controls.

$3,000/LF More robust surfacing, subgrade improvement, drainage/ edge protection, difficult access, environmental controls.

Comfort Station

EA Catalytic Sites 1-3

$1,000,000/EA Small durable public restroom, standard fixtures, basic finishes, slab/foundations, building MEP within footprint.

$1,600,000/EA Durable coastal restroom, ventilation, roofing, accessibility, vandal-resistant finishes, building MEP, subcontractor risk/OH&P.

$2,600,000/EA Larger/more robust coastal restroom, higher-durability materials, difficult access, utility coordination, public-use requirements.

Resilience Hub

EA Catalytic Sites 1

$1,800,000/EA Small community support structure, simple durable construction, basic utility/interface allowance.

$2,800,000/EA Developed coastal community structure, durable finishes, foundations, electrical/communicati ons allowance, public-use durability.

$4,200,000/EA Larger program, higher resilience requirements, robust structure, difficult access, greater utility coordination.

Linear Site 3 Version 15

Mid Basis

LF Catalytic Sites 1, 2, 3

Catalytic Site Version

13

Low Basis

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

|

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

|

Similar scope to Project Area Water Access Boardwalks but different catalytic-site unit-cost basis. Excludes full marine pier construction, dredging, boat docking systems, offshore work, major wave-impact structures, and long-term O&M.

Use drivable boardwalk pricing where elevated or vehicle-rated. Excludes bridges, public roadway construction, major retaining walls, major utilities, and active traffic management.

Excludes utility extensions, wastewater treatment/disposal, site-wide utilities, parking, paths, and broader site improvements.

Excludes emergency power unless defined, major utility extensions, wastewater, technology/ communications equipment, furniture/ contents, and O&M.

www.j-uno-associates.com

|

Page 15

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

690

No

Scope Item

18

Market Stalls

Low Basis

Mid Basis

High Basis

EA Catalytic Sites 1

$75,000/EA Simple small stall structure, roof/shade, basic slab/pad, minimal utility interface.

$100,000/EA Durable coastal market stall, slab/pad, shade/roof, basic electrical allowance, logistics.

$160,000/EA More robust materials, improved finishes, utility coordination, coastal exposure detailing, constrained access.

EA/LS Catalytic Sites 2, 3

$2,500,000 Open-air or semi-open education structure, durable materials, foundation, roof, limited utilities.

$4,500,000 Larger public education pavilion, coastal-duty construction, electrical/ lighting allowance, foundation, public-use finishes.

$7,500,000 More enclosed or complex structure, higher durability, greater utility coordination, difficult access.

Shoreline / Revetments

SF Catalytic Sites 1, 2, 3

$150/SF Limited rock placement, favorable access, partial reuse of existing material, moderate environmental controls.

$300/SF Rock handling/ placement, bedding/ geotextile allowance, partial imported material, access constraints, coastal duty installation.

$600/SF Significant imported/select rock, difficult coastal access, greater environmental controls, specialty equipment, complex placement.

21

Wetlands / Habitat

SF Catalytic Sites 2, 3

$8/SF Basic invasive removal, planting, minor grading, favorable access.

$18/SF Grading, planting, soil/media allowance, erosion control, hydrology adjustment allowance, constrained access.

$35/SF Higher grading Catalytic site version of complexity, hydrology wetland/habitat improvements, restoration. Excludes major imported media, high water-control structures, planting density, major culverts/bridges, environmental controls, long-term stewardship, difficult access. mitigation banking, and contaminated soils.

22

Loʻi / Biocultural

SF Catalytic Sites 2

$15/SF Light grading, soil preparation, planting, simple water/access assumptions.

$35/SF Earthwork shaping, water distribution allowance, soil/media, planting, access, cultural coordination.

$75/SF More intensive water-control features, higher soil/media requirements, difficult access, cultural/ environmental constraints.

Wastewater Allowance

LS Catalytic Sites 1, 2, 3

$1,500,000 Limited utility connection or small decentralized system allowance where favorable.

$3,500,000 Utility-connected or alternative/off-grid wastewater allowance for comfort stations/ showers with moderate infrastructure needs.

$7,500,000 Difficult decentralized treatment, longer utility extensions, higher permitting burden, lift/pump requirements, constrained coastal conditions.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

|

19

20

23

691

Education Hub

Unit / Usage

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

|

Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions Excludes commercial kitchen, vendor equipment, refrigeration, furniture, major utilities, and wastewater.

Includes Reef Education Hub and Wetland Education Hub concepts.

Excludes exhibit fabrication, AV/technology systems, full building fit-out, major utilities, wastewater, furniture/ contents, and O&M. Excludes offshore breakwaters, seawalls unless separately priced, marine construction, contaminated materials, major excavation/export, and long-term monitoring.

Excludes major water source development, major irrigation infrastructure, hydraulic structures, land/ easements, and long-term stewardship.

Excludes fully designed wastewater treatment plant, major off-site utility upgrades, easements, long-term O&M, and utility agency fees unless defined.

www.j-uno-associates.com

|

Page 16

No

Scope Item

24

Signage / Educational Wayfinding

LS Catalytic Sites 1, 2, 3

$500,000 Limited wayfinding and educational signage.

$750,000 Wayfinding, interpretive signage, educational panels, foundations, installation, site coordination.

$1,000,000 Larger interpretive program, custom signage, multiple sign types, cultural/ ecological education integration, complex installation.

Site Improvements and Utilities

LS Catalytic Sites 1, 2, 3

$2,500,000 Limited site utility/ interface and miscellaneous site improvement allowance.

$3,500,000 Broader site-level utilities, connections, and miscellaneous improvements not otherwise detailed.

$5,000,000 More complex site utility coordination, longer runs, constrained access, and higher site improvement allowance.

Lighting

LS Catalytic Sites 1, 2, 3

$1,000,000 Limited site lighting allowance at key public areas.

$1,500,000 Broader site lighting, poles/fixtures, conduit allowance, controls, and installation.

$2,000,000 More extensive lighting coverage, difficult routing, higher durability/ coastal exposure, and coordination complexity.

EA/LS Catalytic Sites 1, 2, 3

$100,000 Basic outdoor public shower with limited utility interface.

$150,000 Durable outdoor shower with fixture, pad, drainage/ interface allowance, and public-use durability.

$250,000 More robust coastal shower installation, difficult utility coordination, accessibility, and durability requirements.

Drinking Water EA Station Catalytic Sites 1

$75,000 Basic public drinking water station with limited utility interface.

$100,000 Durable station with accessible fixture, pad, connection allowance, and public-use detailing.

$150,000 More robust/ coastal-duty station with difficult connection, higher durability, and access constraints.

Small Park Pavilion / Shaded Lookout

EA Catalytic Sites 2, 3

$250,000/EA Small open-air shade/pavilion structure with basic foundation and durable roof.

$400,000/EA More durable coastal shade structure with improved framing, foundation/slab, and public-use durability.

$650,000/EA More robust small pavilion/shaded lookout with higher coastal exposure detailing and difficult access.

Large Park Pavilion / Shaded Lookout

EA Catalytic Sites 2, 3

$500,000/EA Larger open-air pavilion/shade structure with foundation and durable roof.

$750,000/EA Larger coastal pavilion with foundation/slab, framing, roof, public use durability, and basic electrical/ lighting allowance.

$1,200,000/EA More robust large pavilion/shaded lookout with coastal duty materials, difficult access, utility coordination, and enhanced durability.

25

26

27

28

29

30

Showers

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

Unit / Usage

|

Low Basis

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

Mid Basis

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

High Basis

|

808.947.6855

|

Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions Excludes digital/ interactive exhibits, app development, major exhibit fabrication, long-term maintenance, and content development beyond allowance.

Excludes major off-site utility upgrades, agency fees, and utility work separately line-itemed.

Excludes utility service upgrades, specialty event lighting, and long-term maintenance.

Excludes wastewater treatment/disposal and utility extensions unless separately included.

Excludes major water service upgrades, agency fees, and long-term maintenance.

Excludes comfort stations, kitchens, wastewater, major utilities, furniture/contents, and O&M. Excludes comfort stations, kitchens, wastewater, major utilities, furniture/ contents, and O&M.

www.j-uno-associates.com

|

Page 17

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

692

No

Scope Item

31

Park Pavilions on Concrete Platforms

32

33

34

35

36

Low Basis

Mid Basis

High Basis

EA Catalytic Sites 1

$375,000/EA Basic open-air park pavilion on concrete platform with durable roof.

$600,000/EA Durable coastal park pavilion, platform/slab, roof, framing, basic electrical/lighting allowance.

$850,000/EA More robust pavilion with higher coastal duty materials, difficult access, utility coordination, and enhanced durability.

Multi-Purpose Community Pavilion with Integrated Comfort Station

EA Catalytic Sites 1

$1,600,000 Basic large pavilion/ comfort station concept with durable open-air construction.

$2,800,000 More developed community pavilion with integrated restroom function, durable finishes, building MEP, accessibility, and public use requirements.

$4,200,000 Larger/more robust pavilion, higher utility coordination, coastal duty detailing, difficult access, and higher durability.

Lifeguard Tower

EA Catalytic Sites 2

$650,000/EA Small elevated coastal public-safety tower with platform, access, and foundation allowance.

$1,000,000/EA Coastal-duty elevated tower with foundation/ supports, roof/shade, rails, access, and durability allowances.

$1,500,000/EA More robust tower, difficult access/ foundations, higher coastal exposure detailing, expanded platform/ equipment area.

Bridge / Culvert

EA/LS Catalytic Sites 2, 3

$750,000 Small culvert or short-span pedestrian/ service crossing with favorable conditions.

$1,500,000 More substantial crossing with foundations, wingwalls/ edge protection, hydrologic allowance, access constraints.

$3,000,000 Larger/complex crossing with difficult foundations, environmental constraints, higher hydraulic requirements, limited access.

Excludes major vehicular bridges, highway bridges, large hydraulic structures, utility relocations, and regulatory mitigation beyond allowance.

Green Stormwater Infrastructure

SF Catalytic Sites 1, 2, 3

$60/SF Minor grading, planting, amended soil, shallow infiltration/bioretention features.

$100/SF Grading, engineered soil/media, underdrain allowance, native planting, erosion control, drainage connection.

$170/SF More intensive grading, engineered media, controls/outlets, underdrains, difficult access, higher environmental constraints.

Excludes major drainage pipes, pump stations, large detention basins, contaminated soils, utility relocations, and long-term maintenance.

Paʻakai / Salt Collection

SF Catalytic Sites 3

$8/SF Light grading, surface preparation, planting/ context improvements, simple access.

$20/SF Grading, surface preparation, access, water/salt flat interface allowance, cultural coordination, site improvements.

$45/SF More complex grading, water-control interface, specialty surfacing/materials, difficult access, cultural/environmental constraints.

Catalytic Site Version

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

693

Unit / Usage

|

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

|

Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions Catalytic Site 1-specific pavilion basis. Excludes comfort stations, kitchens, wastewater, major utility extensions, furniture/ contents, and O&M. Excludes site-wide wastewater, major utilities, FF&E, AV/ technology, and long-term O&M.

Excludes emergency communications systems, utilities, rescue equipment, furniture/ contents, and O&M.

Similar scope name may appear in Project Area discussion, but this row is for catalytic-site quantities.

Excludes major water-control structures, utility systems, long-term cultural stewardship, legal/access agreements, and regulatory mitigation.

www.j-uno-associates.com

|

Page 18

No

Scope Item

37

Sandy Area for Surf / Water Access

38

39

40

41

Unit / Usage

Mid Basis

High Basis

$15/SF Light grading and sand/access surface preparation.

$30/SF More developed sandy access area with grading, material placement, edge/ interface work, and access coordination.

$60/SF Higher material handling, difficult access, environmental controls, and greater coastal interface complexity.

Excludes beach nourishment permitting, offshore work, major shoreline structures, and long-term maintenance.

Platforms EA Including Steps Catalytic Sites 3

$250,000 Small platform/step feature with simple foundation and access.

$500,000 Durable platform with steps, handrail/edge allowance, landings, and access coordination.

$850,000 Larger/more complex platform, difficult access, higher structural/ durability requirements, shoreline interface.

Excludes major boardwalks, shoreline armoring, major structural works, and long-term O&M unless defined.

Ramped Concrete Platform with Revetments

SF Catalytic Sites 1

$350/SF Concrete platform with simple grading, edge treatment, and limited revetment interface.

$500/SF Durable access platform with concrete work, revetment interface, drainage/ edge treatment, accessibility allowance.

$650/SF More complex platform geometry, shoreline/revetment interface, difficult access, environmental controls, higher durability.

Concrete Steps LF Catalytic Sites 1

$4,500/LF Short concrete access steps with basic foundation/landing allowance.

$6,500/LF Durable coastal concrete steps with landings, handrail/ guardrail allowance, drainage/edge treatment.

$8,000/LF More extensive steps, difficult grading, higher rail/guard requirements, shoreline interface, constrained access.

Ramp

LF Catalytic Sites 1

$2,500/LF Short ramp/access feature with simple grading, surface, and edge treatment.

$3,500/LF Durable access ramp with grading, surface, handrail/edge allowance, drainage, accessibility coordination.

$4,500/LF More complex ramp geometry, difficult grades, shoreline/ wetland interface, environmental controls, higher durability.

SF Catalytic Sites 3

Low Basis

Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions

Excludes major retaining walls, boardwalks, bridges, major utility relocation, and long-term O&M.

Excludes major retaining walls, elevated boardwalks, bridges, shoreline armoring beyond defined interface, utility relocation, and O&M. Excludes major boardwalks, bridges, retaining walls, shoreline armoring, utility relocation, and long-term O&M.

42

Salt Collection Ramp

LS Catalytic Sites 3

$250,000 Small ramp/access feature with simple grading, surface, and edge treatment.

$500,000 Durable access ramp with grading, surface, handrail/edge allowance, drainage, cultural/site coordination.

$1,000,000 More complex ramp Excludes major geometry, difficult boardwalks, bridges, grades, shoreline/ retaining walls, shoreline wetland interface, armoring, utility relocation, environmental controls, and long-term O&M. higher durability.

43

Seat Walls / Retaining Walls

LF Catalytic Sites 1

$1,500/LF Low concrete/masonry seat wall with simple foundation and favorable conditions.

$2,500/LF Durable public-use seat/retaining wall, footing, finish allowance, drainage/ backfill allowance.

$3,000/LF More robust wall, higher loading, drainage, difficult access, higher finish/ durability requirements.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

|

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

|

Excludes major engineered retaining walls, deep foundations, utilities, and geotechnical stabilization beyond allowance.

www.j-uno-associates.com

|

Page 19

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

694

No

Scope Item

44

Public Park / Beach Park

Low Basis

Mid Basis

High Basis

SF Catalytic Sites 2

$20/SF Basic beach/park area with grading, open space, limited paths, minor furnishings, planting.

$45/SF Moderate developed beach/park area with circulation, shade planting, furnishings, drainage, site prep.

$90/SF Higher-quality public-use beach/park area with more amenities, access improvements, drainage, lighting allowance.

Public Park / Beach Park Amenities

LS Catalytic Sites 1, 2, 3

$250,000 Benches, picnic tables, trash/recycling receptacles, minor fixtures, limited installation.

$500,000 Broader furnishing package, picnic/ barbecue amenities, minor fixtures, installation, coordination.

$1,000,000 More numerous or higher-quality amenities, custom features, higher durability, wider site distribution.

Fruit Tree Planting

SF Catalytic Sites 1

$20/SF Basic fruit tree planting, soil prep, and limited establishment allowance.

$30/SF Higher planting density, soil amendment, staking/ protection, and temporary establishment watering.

$60/SF More intensive planting, difficult access, enhanced soil prep, higher establishment/protecti on requirements.

Grassy Area with Shade Trees

SF Catalytic Sites 1

$15/SF Lawn/open area with limited shade tree planting and soil prep.

$25/SF Grassy area with shade trees, soil amendment, grading, planting, and establishment allowance.

$45/SF Higher-quality landscape area, more trees, soil improvements, difficult access, stronger establishment requirements.

48

Pavilion Concrete Platform / Building Foundation

SF Catalytic Sites 1

$180/SF Basic concrete slab/ platform/ foundation with favorable access.

$250/SF More robust platform/ foundation with subgrade prep, reinforcing, edge/ finish allowance, and access constraints.

$350/SF Heavier foundation/ Excludes vertical structure platform, difficult unless separately priced. access, higher public use durability, and more complex subgrade/ interface conditions.

49

Pavilion Decking

LF Catalytic Sites 1

$4,500/LF Basic exterior decking/ wraparound platform allowance.

$7,000/LF Durable coastal-duty decking with framing/ supports, railings/edge protection, and access constraints.

$10,000/LF More robust coastal decking, higher exposure, difficult supports, greater detailing, and constrained construction.

Pier Shade Structure

EA Catalytic Sites 1

$1,000,000 $750,000 Basic shade structure at Durable coastal shade pier/water access area. structure with foundation/ supports, roof, and public-use durability.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

|

Catalytic Site Version

45

46

47

50

695

Unit / Usage

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

$1,300,000 Larger/more robust shade structure, high coastal exposure, difficult access/ foundations, enhanced durability.

808.947.6855

|

Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions Same unit-cost basis as Project Area Public Park / Beach Park, but listed here when used as a catalytic site line item. Excludes comfort stations, major pavilions, wastewater, parking, shoreline structures, major utilities, and hazardous materials.

Excludes comfort stations, pavilions, major utilities, maintenance equipment, owner-furnished contents beyond public amenities, and O&M. Excludes permanent irrigation, long-term maintenance, and agricultural operations.

Excludes permanent irrigation infrastructure and long-term landscape maintenance unless defined.

Excludes full building enclosure, utilities, and long-term maintenance.

Excludes pier structure if priced separately, utilities, and long-term maintenance.

www.j-uno-associates.com

|

Page 20

No

Scope Item

51

Sugar Mill Remnant Remediation and Adaptive Reuse

52

53

54

Low Basis

Mid Basis

High Basis

SF Catalytic Sites 1

$350/SF Limited stabilization, cleanup, access control, interpretive/ adaptive reuse support.

$500/SF More substantial stabilization, selective remediation, access improvements, interpretation, coordination allowance.

$650/SF Greater stabilization/remediatio n complexity, sensitive historic/ cultural coordination, specialty work, difficult access.

ʻAuwai Ditch Connection

LS Catalytic Sites 2

$750,000 Limited ditch connection, access improvements, and simple water assumptions.

$1,500,000 Ditch connection, water-control allowance, grading, planting, access, cultural coordination.

$3,000,000 More extensive water-control features, complex grading, difficult access, cultural/environmental constraints.

Hale Loʻi

EA/LS Catalytic Sites 2

$250,000 Small hale loʻi feature with simple structure and favorable access.

$500,000 More developed hale loʻi structure with foundation/supports, cultural coordination, and access allowance.

$900,000 More robust hale structure, difficult access, higher cultural/ environmental coordination, and enhanced durability.

LF Catalytic Sites 2, 3

$600/LF Bank cleanup, invasive removal, native planting, limited bank stabilization, favorable access.

$1,500/LF Bank grading, planting, erosion control, localized stabilization, access protection, moderate hydrologic restoration.

$3,000/LF More intensive bank reconstruction, channel shaping, stabilization, access constraints, environmental controls.

LF Catalytic Sites 3

$750/LF Accessible removal, limited sorting, nearby reuse of rock/material, favorable disposal.

$1,750/LF Demolition, sorting, salvaging, stockpiling, repurposing, limited imported replacement material, moderate coastal constraints.

$3,500/LF Hard access, heavy material handling, selective salvage, environmental controls, specialty equipment, complex reuse/disposal.

LF Catalytic Sites 1, 3

$9,000/LF Linear living shoreline/ buffer treatment with simpler access and limited shoreline interface complexity.

$12,000/LF $16,000/LF Moderate linear living More complex linear shoreline/ buffer living shoreline/ buffer treatment with grading, treatment with difficult planting, shoreline access, greater material interface, material handling, higher handling, and environmental controls, constrained access. and coastal interface complexity.

Riparian + Stream Restoration

Unit / Usage

Catalytic Site Version

55

Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose Catalytic Site Version

56

Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline Catalytic LF Version

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

|

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

|

Item-Specific Limits / Exclusions Excludes occupied-building rehabilitation, hazardous materials unless defined, archaeological data recovery, legal agreements, and long-term stewardship.

Excludes major water source development, large hydraulic structures, easements, long-term stewardship, and legal agreements.

Excludes major water-control infrastructure, major utility systems, FF&E, and long-term stewardship.

Same unit-cost basis as Project Area item, but listed here when used as a catalytic-site line item.

Excludes bridges, large culverts, hydraulic structures, major flood-control improvements, and contaminated sediment handling.

Same unit-cost basis as Project Area item, but listed here when used as a catalytic-site line item.

Excludes contaminated material, hazardous waste, offshore work, major new revetment construction, archaeological/ cultural remediation, and structural engineering design.

This is not the same unit basis as Project Area SF item. Use only where the catalytic workbook carries this scope by LF.

www.j-uno-associates.com

|

Page 21

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

696

E. Estimate Summary The ROM estimate is summarized using two separate planning views: Project Areas and Catalytic Sites. These views support different planning discussions and should not be added together without scope reconciliation because catalytic site improvements may overlap with broader project-area scope. All current-dollar values are expressed in 2026 dollars. Separate 2075 nominal-dollar values are provided for long-range planning context only.

The current-dollar ROM should be treated as the primary estimating basis for planning, screening, and comparison. The 2075 values are not current construction budgets and should not be used for present-day funding authorization or procurement decisions.

Construction ROM Summary The table below summarizes the current-dollar Construction ROM before program-level allowances and long-range escalation.

Low Construction ROM

Mid Construction ROM

High Construction ROM

Project Areas

$298,991,607

$721,316,422

$1,505,075,937

Catalytic Sites

$270,361,276

$452,901,927

$771,595,845

Mid Program Cost Concentration Graphs The following figures show the relative distribution of the Mid Program (2026) ROM within each estimate view.

Figure E-1. Project Areas — Mid Program (2026) ROM

The Project Areas Mid Program total is concentrated primarily in Segment D, with additional major cost concentration in Segment B. Segments C and A represent smaller but still significant shares of the overall Project Areas planning view.

Figure E-2. Catalytic Sites — Mid Program (2026) ROM

The Catalytic Sites Mid Program total is concentrated primarily in Catalytic Site #3, followed by Catalytic Site #1 and Catalytic Site #2, which are comparatively similar in magnitude.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

697

|

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

|

www.j-uno-associates.com

|

Page 22

Scenario Summary The scenario tables below summarize the current-dollar Construction ROM, current-dollar Program ROM, and 2075 nominal-dollar Program ROM for each estimate view. These tables should be read together with the Basis of Cost Estimate, unit cost assumption tables, and program allowance/markup assumptions.

High Scenario SUM

High Construction ROM

Project Areas (Total)

High Program ROM

High (2075) Program ROM

$1,505,075,937

$2,227,512,387

$24,327,404,824

Segment A

$196,295,928

$290,517,974

$3,172,843,572

Segment B

$392,606,141

$581,057,088

$6,345,918,028

Segment C

$292,136,813

$432,362,483

$4,721,974,709

Segment D

$624,037,055

$923,574,842

$10,086,668,515

Catalytic Sites (Total)

$771,595,845

$1,141,961,851

$12,471,745,799

Catalytic Site 1

$203,311,257

$300,900,660

$3,286,236,345

Catalytic Site 2

$211,233,321

$312,625,315

$3,414,285,207

Catalytic Site 3

$357,051,268

$528,435,877

$5,771,224,247

Mid Scenario SUM

Mid Construction ROM

Project Areas (Total)

Mid Program ROM

Mid (2075) Program ROM

$721,316,422

$991,810,080

$6,777,384,787

Segment A

$94,664,827

$130,164,137

$889,457,023

Segment B

$185,842,832

$255,533,895

$1,746,152,378

Segment C

$140,651,608

$193,395,961

$1,321,542,166

Segment D

$300,157,155

$412,716,088

$2,820,233,219

Catalytic Sites (Total)

$452,901,927

$622,740,150

$4,255,401,015

Catalytic Site 1

$128,452,615

$176,622,346

$1,206,922,198

Catalytic Site 2

$121,146,486

$166,576,418

$1,138,274,865

Catalytic Site 3

$203,302,826

$279,541,386

$1,910,203,952

Low Scenario SUM

Low Construction ROM

Project Areas (Total)

Low Program ROM

Low (2075) Program ROM

$298,991,607

$379,719,341

$1,616,168,838

Segment A

$40,124,556

$50,958,186

$216,889,221

Segment B

$76,636,044

$97,327,776

$414,248,372

Segment C

$58,614,930

$74,440,961

$316,837,066

Segment D

$123,616,077

$156,992,418

$668,194,179

Catalytic Sites (Total)

$270,361,276

$343,358,821

$1,461,410,487

Catalytic Site 1

$82,367,854

$104,607,174

$445,231,088

Catalytic Site 2

$71,022,271

$90,198,284

$383,903,690

Catalytic Site 3

$116,971,152

$148,553,362

$632,275,709

|

|

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

|

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

808.947.6855

|

www.j-uno-associates.com

|

Page 23

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

698

F. Data Limitations and Assumptions This ROM is based on conceptual planning materials, project-scale and site-scale quantity workbooks, and estimator-developed assumptions available at the time of preparation. The ROM is intended for planning-level use only and should be updated as design, technical studies, permitting, environmental and cultural review, field verification, market pricing, and implementation strategy are developed.

The following limitations apply: Category

Limitation / Assumption

Conceptual design basis

The source materials are planning exhibits and do not constitute construction documents, technical specifications, permit drawings, or final design criteria.

Quantity basis

Quantities are based on available conceptual workbooks and planning-level takeoff assumptions. Survey limits, property boundaries, final footprints, grades, elevations, and limits of disturbance have not been independently validated.

Project Area and Catalytic Site overlap

Project Area and Catalytic Site estimates are separate planning views. They should not be added together without scope reconciliation because catalytic site scope may overlap broader project area segment quantities.

Site and subsurface conditions

Geotechnical conditions, groundwater, unsuitable soils, contaminated materials, subsurface obstructions, archaeological conditions, and existing utility conflicts have not been confirmed.

Environmental and cultural requirements

Environmental mitigation, cultural consultation, agency conditions, monitoring requirements, and permit-driven scope may materially affect final cost and should be refined through future technical review.

Constructability and access

Site access, staging, hauling routes, coastal work constraints, public-use constraints, seasonal work windows, and construction means and methods remain conceptual.

Utilities and infrastructure

Utility availability, connection points, capacity, off-site utility upgrades, wastewater approach, drainage requirements, and agency fees require further validation.

Procurement and phasing

Pricing assumes competitive public-sector procurement and does not include premiums for limited competition, emergency procurement, negotiated procurement, complex phasing, multiple bid packages, or accelerated delivery unless specifically identified.

Market pricing

Unit costs reflect conceptual 2026-dollar planning assumptions and should be revalidated against current market pricing before funding authorization, procurement, contract award, or construction decision-making.

2075 projection

2075 values are nominal-dollar planning projections only. They are not current construction budgets, committed funding requirements, or guaranteed future costs.

The ROM workbook remains the controlling quantitative source for line-item quantities, unit costs, markups, program allowances, and escalation calculations. This narrative report provides the supporting assumptions, limitations, and planning interpretation.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

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Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

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Page 24

G. Conclusion The Olowalu ROM Report provides a planning-level cost framework for understanding the scale, organization, and major cost drivers of the long-term resilience vision. The report organizes the conceptual scope into Project Area Scale and Catalytic Site Scale views to support capital planning, funding discussions, implementation screening, and future scope refinement.

The ROM indicates that major cost exposure is driven by large-area ecological and shoreline improvements, public access and circulation elements, elevated boardwalks and coastal structures, public park and support facilities, wastewater allowances, and cultural or biocultural restoration elements. These areas should be prioritized for future validation because final cost will depend heavily on limits of work, permitting requirements, environmental and cultural conditions, design criteria, constructability, site access, labor availability, material requirements, and procurement packaging.

The Project Area Scale and Catalytic Site Scale estimates should be treated as separate planning views and should not be added together without scope reconciliation. Current-dollar values should be treated as the primary estimating basis. The 2075 nominal-dollar values are provided for long-range planning context only and should not be interpreted as current construction budgets, committed funding requirements, or guaranteed future costs.

This report should be used as a capital planning and implementation screening tool. The ROM values should be refined through survey, field verification, quantity validation, environmental and cultural review, geotechnical investigation, shoreline design, utility and wastewater confirmation, constructability review, current-market pricing, and procurement analysis before they are used for funding authorization, procurement, contract award, or construction decision-making.

The separately provided ROM estimate remains the controlling quantitative source for line-item quantities, unit costs, markups, program allowances, and escalation calculations. As the project advances, the ROM dataset should be updated to reflect confirmed scope boundaries, revised quantities, technical studies, permitting requirements, delivery assumptions, funding requirements, and current market conditions.

J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

|

1210 Ward Avenue, Suite 204

|

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

|

808.947.6855

|

www.j-uno-associates.com

|

Page 25

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

700

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Project Area Scale

A B C

D

Cost estimate scope of work boundary at Project Area Scale (UHCDC)

Overview Because of the large extent of the approximately 6-mile-long coastal corridor, at the overall project area scale, the conceptual ROM cost summary is divided into four segments, ranging from A to D (pictured above).

Following a one-page summary of cost scenarios for all segments combined, this report provides detailed conceptual ROM cost breakdowns for each segment.

Plans that are interspersed throughout illustrate respective segment locations, spatial limits of work, and scopes of proposed interventions. For each segment (A, B, C, D), these plans are followed by detailed ROM cost breakdowns 701

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

organized by high, mid, and low scenarios.

Segments Segment A: Cut Mountain–Mile Marker 16 Segment B: Mile Marker 16–Luawai St. Segment C: Luawai St.–Ehehene St. Segment D: Ehehene St.–Mile Marker 11

P R O J E C T PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

C O S T

S U M M A R Y ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

B. KATAYAMA

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

UNIT

UNIT COST

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS

$196,295,928 $392,606,141 $292,136,813 $624,037,055 1.48x $290,517,974 $581,057,088 $432,362,483 $923,574,842 10.92x $3,172,843,572 $6,345,918,028 $4,721,974,709 $10,086,668,515

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS

$94,664,827 $185,842,832 $140,651,608 $300,157,155 1.38x $130,164,137 $255,533,895 $193,395,961 $412,716,088 6.83x $889,457,023 $1,746,152,378 $1,321,542,166 $2,820,233,219

QTY

HIGH SCENARIO - SUMMARY 1. PROJECT AREAS SEGMENT 'A' SEGMENT 'B' SEGMENT 'C' SEGMENT 'D' 2. PROJECT AREAS SEGMENT 'A' SEGMENT 'B' SEGMENT 'C' SEGMENT 'D' 3. PROJECT AREAS SEGMENT 'A' SEGMENT 'B' SEGMENT 'C' SEGMENT 'D'

CONSTRUCTION (2026)

PROGRAM (2026)

PROGRAM (2075)

5%/yr

$1,505,075,937

$2,227,512,387

$24,327,404,824

MID SCENARIO - SUMMARY 1. PROJECT AREAS SEGMENT 'A' SEGMENT 'B' SEGMENT 'C' SEGMENT 'D' 2. PROJECT AREAS SEGMENT 'A' SEGMENT 'B' SEGMENT 'C' SEGMENT 'D' 3. PROJECT AREAS SEGMENT 'A' SEGMENT 'B' SEGMENT 'C' SEGMENT 'D'

CONSTRUCTION (2026)

PROGRAM (2026)

PROGRAM (2075)

4%/yr

$721,316,422

$991,810,080

$6,777,384,787

LOW SCENARIO - SUMMARY 1. PROJECT AREAS CONSTRUCTION (2026) 1 LS $298,991,607 SEGMENT 'A' 1 LS $40,124,556 SEGMENT 'B' 1 LS $76,636,044 SEGMENT 'C' 1 LS $58,614,930 SEGMENT 'D' 1 LS $123,616,077 2. PROJECT AREAS PROGRAM (2026) 1 LS 1.27x $379,719,341 SEGMENT 'A' 1 LS $50,958,186 SEGMENT 'B' 1 LS $97,327,776 SEGMENT 'C' 1 LS $74,440,961 SEGMENT 'D' 1 LS $156,992,418 3. PROJECT AREAS PROGRAM (2075) 3%/yr 1 LS 4.26x $1,616,168,838 SEGMENT 'A' 1 LS $216,889,221 SEGMENT 'B' 1 LS $414,248,372 SEGMENT 'C' 1 LS $316,837,066 SEGMENT 'D' 1 LS $668,194,179 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

702

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Project Area Scale

A

B

C

703

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

COST ESTIMATE

SEGMENTS LOCATOR MAP

D

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

704

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Project Area Scale

SEGMENT A

Long-Term Proof-of-Concept Design (Approximately 2075)

CIRCULATION 1 2

4

Highway Removal + Repurpose Multi-Use Path 1

SLR ADAPTATION MEASURES 3

Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline

ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY 4

3

Wetland Restoration + Expansion 2

1

3

2

SEGMENT A

Conceptual ROM Cost (J. Uno) Construction, not including Program:

705

$196,295,928

High Scenario

$94,664,827

Mid Scenario

$40,124,556

Low Scenario

(In 2026 dollars)

(In 2026 dollars)

(In 2026 dollars)

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

COST ESTIMATE

CUT MOUNTAIN – MILE MARKER 16

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

706

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

HIGH SCENARIO - SUMMARY

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

1.00% 1.00% 1.00%

2,378,832 512,428 9,535 10,436 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$35.00 $30.00 $22.00 $3,000.00 $90.00 $3,500.00 $1,400.00 $1,600.00 $1,200.00 $8,000.00 $900.00 $18.00 $45.00 $124,504,160.00 $124,504,160.00 $124,504,160.00

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS),

SEGMENT 'A' $83,259,120 $15,372,840 N/A N/A N/A N/A $13,349,000 N/A $12,523,200 N/A N/A N/A N/A $1,245,042 N/A $1,245,042 $1,245,042 $128,239,285

DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

6.00% 7.00% 3.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$128,239,285 $128,239,285 $128,239,285

$7,694,357 $8,976,750 $4,488,375 $149,398,767

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

10.00% 3.00% 7.50% 1.75% 1.25% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$149,398,767 $164,338,643 $169,268,803 $181,963,963 $185,148,332 $187,462,686

$14,939,877 $4,930,159 $12,695,160 $3,184,369 $2,314,354 $8,833,242 $196,295,928

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

12.00% 10.00% 6.00% 20.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$196,295,928.28 $196,295,928.28 $196,295,928.28 $196,295,928.28

$23,555,511 $19,629,593 $11,777,756 $39,259,186 $290,517,974

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

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Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

MID SCENARIO - SUMMARY

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY:

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

0.50% 0.50% 0.50%

2,378,832 512,428 9,535 10,436 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$18.00 $15.00 $10.00 $1,500.00 $45.00 $1,750.00 $800.00 $900.00 $650.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $8.00 $20.00 $64,916,796.00 $64,916,796.00 $64,916,796.00

SEGMENT 'A' $42,818,976 $7,686,420 N/A N/A N/A N/A $7,628,000 N/A $6,783,400 N/A N/A N/A N/A $324,584 N/A $324,584 $324,584 $65,890,548

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

5.00% 5.50% 2.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$65,890,548 $65,890,548 $65,890,548

$3,294,527 $3,623,980 $1,647,264 $74,456,319

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

8.50% 2.50% 6.50% 1.50% 1.00% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$74,456,319 $80,785,106 $82,804,734 $88,187,042 $89,509,847 $90,404,946

$6,328,787 $2,019,628 $5,382,308 $1,322,806 $895,098 $4,259,881 $94,664,827

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

10.00% 7.50% 5.00% 15.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$94,664,826.81 $94,664,826.81 $94,664,826.81 $94,664,826.81

$9,466,483 $7,099,862 $4,733,241 $14,199,724 $130,164,137

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

708

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

LOW SCENARIO - SUMMARY

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY:

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

0.25% 0.25% 0.25%

2,378,832 512,428 9,535 10,436 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $600.00 $20.00 $750.00 $400.00 $500.00 $350.00 $2,500.00 $250.00 $3.00 $8.00 $29,571,824.00 $29,571,824.00 $29,571,824.00

SEGMENT 'A' $19,030,656 $3,074,568 N/A N/A N/A N/A $3,814,000 N/A $3,652,600 N/A N/A N/A N/A $73,930 N/A $73,930 $73,930 $29,793,613

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

4.00% 4.00% 1.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$29,793,613 $29,793,613 $29,793,613

$1,191,745 $1,191,745 $446,904 $32,624,006

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

7.00% 2.00% 5.50% 1.25% 0.75% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$32,624,006 $34,907,686 $35,605,840 $37,564,161 $38,033,713 $38,318,966

$2,283,680 $698,154 $1,958,321 $469,552 $285,253 $1,805,590 $40,124,556

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

8.00% 5.00% 4.00% 10.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$40,124,555.77 $40,124,555.77 $40,124,555.77 $40,124,555.77

$3,209,964 $2,006,228 $1,604,982 $4,012,456 $50,958,186

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

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COST ESTIMATE

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710

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Project Area Scale

SEGMENT B

Long-Term Proof-of-Concept Design (Approximately 2075)

CIRCULATION 1 2 3 4

Highway Removal + Repurpose Multi-Use Path Water Access Boardwalks Public Shoreline Path

STRUCTURES & INFRASTRUCTURE 5

Public Park

SLR ADAPTATION MEASURES 6

Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline

8 2 1

BIOCULTURAL RESTORATION 7

Cultural Site Protection 6

ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY 8 9

Wetland Restoration + Expansion Riparian + Stream Restoration 9

6

SEGMENT B

Conceptual ROM Cost (J. Uno) Construction, not including Program:

711

$392,606,141

High Scenario

$185,842,832

Mid Scenario

$76,636,044

Low Scenario

(In 2026 dollars)

(In 2026 dollars)

(In 2026 dollars)

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

COST ESTIMATE

MILE MARKER 16 – LUAWAI ST.

7

9 7

2

3 5 4

7

6

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

712

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

HIGH SCENARIO - SUMMARY

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

1.00% 1.00% 1.00%

3,574,020 467,442 7,070 365,556 1,630 1,307 7,258 1,530 6,530 723,045 257,306 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$35.00 $30.00 $22.00 $3,000.00 $90.00 $3,500.00 $1,400.00 $1,600.00 $1,200.00 $8,000.00 $900.00 $18.00 $45.00 $249,017,380.00 $249,017,380.00 $249,017,380.00

SEGMENT 'B' $125,090,700 $14,023,260 N/A $21,210,000 $32,900,040 N/A $2,282,000 $2,091,200 $8,709,600 $12,240,000 $5,877,000 $13,014,810 $11,578,770 $2,490,174 N/A $2,490,174 $2,490,174 $256,487,901

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

6.00% 7.00% 3.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$256,487,901 $256,487,901 $256,487,901

$15,389,274 $17,954,153 $8,977,077 $298,808,405

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

10.00% 3.00% 7.50% 1.75% 1.25% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$298,808,405 $328,689,246 $338,549,923 $363,941,167 $370,310,138 $374,939,014

$29,880,841 $9,860,677 $25,391,244 $6,368,970 $4,628,877 $17,667,126 $392,606,141

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

12.00% 10.00% 6.00% 20.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$392,606,140.74 $392,606,140.74 $392,606,140.74 $392,606,140.74

$47,112,737 $39,260,614 $23,556,368 $78,521,228 $581,057,088

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

713

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

MID SCENARIO - SUMMARY

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

0.50% 0.50% 0.50%

3,574,020 467,442 7,070 365,556 1,630 1,307 7,258 1,530 6,530 723,045 257,306 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$18.00 $15.00 $10.00 $1,500.00 $45.00 $1,750.00 $800.00 $900.00 $650.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $8.00 $20.00 $127,442,490.00 $127,442,490.00 $127,442,490.00

SEGMENT 'B' $64,332,360 $7,011,630 N/A $10,605,000 $16,450,020 N/A $1,304,000 $1,176,300 $4,717,700 $7,650,000 $3,265,000 $5,784,360 $5,146,120 $637,212 N/A $637,212 $637,212 $129,354,127

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

5.00% 5.50% 2.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$129,354,127 $129,354,127 $129,354,127

$6,467,706 $7,114,477 $3,233,853 $146,170,164

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

8.50% 2.50% 6.50% 1.50% 1.00% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$146,170,164 $158,594,628 $162,559,494 $173,125,861 $175,722,749 $177,479,976

$12,424,464 $3,964,866 $10,566,367 $2,596,888 $1,757,227 $8,362,856 $185,842,832

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

10.00% 7.50% 5.00% 15.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$185,842,832.48 $185,842,832.48 $185,842,832.48 $185,842,832.48

$18,584,283 $13,938,212 $9,292,142 $27,876,425 $255,533,895

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

714

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

LOW SCENARIO - SUMMARY

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY:

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

0.25% 0.25% 0.25%

3,574,020 467,442 7,070 365,556 1,630 1,307 7,258 1,530 6,530 723,045 257,306 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $600.00 $20.00 $750.00 $400.00 $500.00 $350.00 $2,500.00 $250.00 $3.00 $8.00 $56,480,815.00 $56,480,815.00 $56,480,815.00

SEGMENT 'B' $28,592,160 $2,804,652 N/A $4,242,000 $7,311,120 N/A $652,000 $653,500 $2,540,300 $3,825,000 $1,632,500 $2,169,135 $2,058,448 $141,202 N/A $141,202 $141,202 $56,904,421

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

4.00% 4.00% 1.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$56,904,421 $56,904,421 $56,904,421

$2,276,177 $2,276,177 $853,566 $62,310,341

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

7.00% 2.00% 5.50% 1.25% 0.75% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$62,310,341 $66,672,065 $68,005,506 $71,745,809 $72,642,632 $73,187,451

$4,361,724 $1,333,441 $3,740,303 $896,823 $544,820 $3,448,593 $76,636,044

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

8.00% 5.00% 4.00% 10.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$76,636,044.21 $76,636,044.21 $76,636,044.21 $76,636,044.21

$6,130,884 $3,831,802 $3,065,442 $7,663,604 $97,327,776

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

715

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

COST ESTIMATE

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The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

716

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Project Area Scale

SEGMENT C

Long-Term Proof-of-Concept Design (Approximately 2075)

CIRCULATION 1 2 3

Highway Removal + Repurpose Multi-Use Path Water Access Boardwalks

STRUCTURES & INFRASTRUCTURE 4

Public Beach Park

SLR ADAPTATION MEASURES 5

Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2

BIOCULTURAL RESTORATION 6 7 8

Loko Iʻa Loʻi Cultural Site Protection

ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY 9 10 11

Wetland Restoration + Expansion Native Habitat Restoration Reef Protection + Marine Management

SEGMENT C

Conceptual ROM Cost (J. Uno) Construction, not including Program:

717

$292,136,813

High Scenario

$140,651,608

Mid Scenario

$58,614,930

Low Scenario

(In 2026 dollars)

(In 2026 dollars)

(In 2026 dollars)

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

1

6

9

5 11

8

COST ESTIMATE

LUAWAI ST. – EHEHENE ST.

7 10

3

8

4

2 9 11

5

1

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

718

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

HIGH SCENARIO - SUMMARY

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

1.00% 1.00% 1.00%

2,210,554 1,043,458 156,080 135,533 692 7,049 8,069 2,711 507,328 182,106 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$35.00 $30.00 $22.00 $3,000.00 $90.00 $3,500.00 $1,400.00 $1,600.00 $1,200.00 $8,000.00 $900.00 $18.00 $45.00 $185,292,934.00 $185,292,934.00 $185,292,934.00

SEGMENT 'C' $77,369,390 $31,303,740 $3,433,760 N/A $12,197,970 $2,422,000 $9,868,600 N/A $9,682,800 $21,688,000 N/A $9,131,904 $8,194,770 $1,852,929 N/A $1,852,929 $1,852,929 $190,851,722

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

6.00% 7.00% 3.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$190,851,722 $190,851,722 $190,851,722

$11,451,103 $13,359,621 $6,679,810 $222,342,256

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

10.00% 3.00% 7.50% 1.75% 1.25% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$222,342,256 $244,576,482 $251,913,776 $270,807,309 $275,546,437 $278,990,768

$22,234,226 $7,337,294 $18,893,533 $4,739,128 $3,444,330 $13,146,045 $292,136,813

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

12.00% 10.00% 6.00% 20.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$292,136,812.80 $292,136,812.80 $292,136,812.80 $292,136,812.80

$35,056,418 $29,213,681 $17,528,209 $58,427,363 $432,362,483

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

719

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

MID SCENARIO - SUMMARY

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY:

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

0.50% 0.50% 0.50%

2,210,554 1,043,458 156,080 135,533 692 7,049 8,069 2,711 507,328 182,106 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$18.00 $15.00 $10.00 $1,500.00 $45.00 $1,750.00 $800.00 $900.00 $650.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $8.00 $20.00 $96,452,421.00 $96,452,421.00 $96,452,421.00

SEGMENT 'C' $39,789,972 $15,651,870 $1,560,800 N/A $6,098,985 $1,211,000 $5,639,200 N/A $5,244,850 $13,555,000 N/A $4,058,624 $3,642,120 $482,262 N/A $482,262 $482,262 $97,899,207

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

5.00% 5.50% 2.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$97,899,207 $97,899,207 $97,899,207

$4,894,960 $5,384,456 $2,447,480 $110,626,104

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

8.50% 2.50% 6.50% 1.50% 1.00% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$110,626,104 $120,029,323 $123,030,056 $131,027,010 $132,992,415 $134,322,339

$9,403,219 $3,000,733 $7,996,954 $1,965,405 $1,329,924 $6,329,269 $140,651,608

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

10.00% 7.50% 5.00% 15.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$140,651,607.78 $140,651,607.78 $140,651,607.78 $140,651,607.78

$14,065,161 $10,548,871 $7,032,580 $21,097,741 $193,395,961

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

720

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

LOW SCENARIO - SUMMARY

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY:

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

0.25% 0.25% 0.25%

2,210,554 1,043,458 156,080 135,533 692 7,049 8,069 2,711 507,328 182,106 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $600.00 $20.00 $750.00 $400.00 $500.00 $350.00 $2,500.00 $250.00 $3.00 $8.00 $43,199,242.00 $43,199,242.00 $43,199,242.00

SEGMENT 'C' $17,684,432 $6,260,748 $624,320 N/A $2,710,660 $519,000 $2,819,600 N/A $2,824,150 $6,777,500 N/A $1,521,984 $1,456,848 $107,998 N/A $107,998 $107,998 $43,523,236

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

4.00% 4.00% 1.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$43,523,236 $43,523,236 $43,523,236

$1,740,929 $1,740,929 $652,849 $47,657,944

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

7.00% 2.00% 5.50% 1.25% 0.75% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$47,657,944 $50,994,000 $52,013,880 $54,874,643 $55,560,576 $55,977,281

$3,336,056 $1,019,880 $2,860,763 $685,933 $416,704 $2,637,649 $58,614,930

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

8.00% 5.00% 4.00% 10.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$58,614,930.04 $58,614,930.04 $58,614,930.04 $58,614,930.04

$4,689,194 $2,930,747 $2,344,597 $5,861,493 $74,440,961

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

721

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

COST ESTIMATE

This page intentionally left blank.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

722

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Project Area Scale

SEGMENT D

Long-Term Proof-of-Concept Design (Approximately 2075)

CIRCULATION 1 2 3

Highway Removal + Repurpose Multi-Use Path Water Access Boardwalks

SLR ADAPTATION MEASURES Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline Pollution Mitigation 6 Sediment Management

4 5

BIOCULTURAL RESTORATION 7 8

Paʻakai / Salt Collection (farming) Ahupuaʻa Restoration + Signage

2 11

ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY Wetland Restoration + Expansion 10 Native Habitat Restoration 11 Riparian + Stream Restoration 12 Reef Protection + Marine Management 9

8 1

12 4

SEGMENT D

Conceptual ROM Cost (J. Uno) Construction, not including Program:

723

$624,037,055

High Scenario

$300,157,155

Mid Scenario

$123,616,077

Low Scenario

(In 2026 dollars)

(In 2026 dollars)

(In 2026 dollars)

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

10 2

COST ESTIMATE

EHEHENE ST. – MILE MARKER 11

3

5 9 7

4

6

1 2 4 12

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

724

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

HIGH SCENARIO - SUMMARY

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

1.00% 1.00% 1.00%

4,831,559 3,799,393 383,014 6,199 2,147 6,827 7,733 9,894 4,355 168,827 1 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$35.00 $30.00 $22.00 $3,000.00 $90.00 $3,500.00 $1,400.00 $1,600.00 $1,200.00 $8,000.00 $900.00 $18.00 $45.00 $393,864,778.00 $2,000,000.00 $393,864,778.00 $393,864,778.00

SEGMENT 'D' $169,104,565 $113,981,790 $8,426,308 $18,597,000 N/A $7,514,500 $9,557,800 $12,372,800 $11,872,800 $34,840,000 N/A N/A $7,597,215 $3,938,648 $2,000,000 $3,938,648 $3,938,648 $407,680,721

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

6.00% 7.00% 3.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$407,680,721 $407,680,721 $407,680,721

$24,460,843 $28,537,650 $14,268,825 $474,948,040

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

10.00% 3.00% 7.50% 1.75% 1.25% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$474,948,040 $522,442,844 $538,116,130 $578,474,839 $588,598,149 $595,955,626

$47,494,804 $15,673,285 $40,358,710 $10,123,310 $7,357,477 $28,081,429 $624,037,055

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

12.00% 10.00% 6.00% 20.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$624,037,055.11 $624,037,055.11 $624,037,055.11 $624,037,055.11

$74,884,447 $62,403,706 $37,442,223 $124,807,411 $923,574,842

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

725

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

MID SCENARIO - SUMMARY

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

0.50% 0.50% 0.50%

4,831,559 3,799,393 383,014 6,199 2,147 6,827 7,733 9,894 4,355 168,827 1 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$18.00 $15.00 $10.00 $1,500.00 $45.00 $1,750.00 $800.00 $900.00 $650.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $8.00 $20.00 $204,848,787.00 $1,000,000.00 $204,848,787.00 $204,848,787.00

SEGMENT 'D' $86,968,062 $56,990,895 $3,830,140 $9,298,500 N/A $3,757,250 $5,461,600 $6,959,700 $6,431,100 $21,775,000 N/A N/A $3,376,540 $1,024,244 $1,000,000 $1,024,244 $1,024,244 $208,921,519

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

5.00% 5.50% 2.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$208,921,519 $208,921,519 $208,921,519

$10,446,076 $11,490,684 $5,223,038 $236,081,316

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

8.50% 2.50% 6.50% 1.50% 1.00% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$236,081,316 $256,148,228 $262,551,934 $279,617,810 $283,812,077 $286,650,197

$20,066,912 $6,403,706 $17,065,876 $4,194,267 $2,838,121 $13,506,957 $300,157,155

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

10.00% 7.50% 5.00% 15.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$300,157,154.75 $300,157,154.75 $300,157,154.75 $300,157,154.75

$30,015,715 $22,511,787 $15,007,858 $45,023,573 $412,716,088

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

726

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

LOW SCENARIO - SUMMARY

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY:

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

PROJECT AREAS

1. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2. Wetland Restoration + Expansion 3. Native Habitat Restoration 4. Riparian + Stream Restoration 5. Public Park / Beach Park 6. Sea Wall Removal + Repurpose 7. Highway Removal 8. Highway Repurpose (Conversion to Multi-Use Path) 9. Multi-Use Path 10. Water Access Boardwalks 11. Public Shoreline Path 12. Cultural Site Protection 13. Biocultural Restoration 14. Reef Protection + Marine Management 15. Ahupuaʻa Signage + Wayfinding 16. Pollution Mitigation 17. Sediment Management

0.25% 0.25% 0.25%

4,831,559 3,799,393 383,014 6,199 2,147 6,827 7,733 9,894 4,355 168,827 1 1 1 1

sf sf sf lf sf lf lf lf lf lf lf sf sf ls ls ls ls

$8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $600.00 $20.00 $750.00 $400.00 $500.00 $350.00 $2,500.00 $250.00 $3.00 $8.00 $90,608,852.00 $500,000.00 $90,608,852.00 $90,608,852.00

SEGMENT 'D' $38,652,472 $22,796,358 $1,532,056 $3,719,400 N/A $1,610,250 $2,730,800 $3,866,500 $3,462,900 $10,887,500 N/A N/A $1,350,616 $226,522 $500,000 $226,522 $226,522 $91,788,418

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

4.00% 4.00% 1.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$91,788,418 $91,788,418 $91,788,418

$3,671,537 $3,671,537 $1,376,826 $100,508,318

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

7.00% 2.00% 5.50% 1.25% 0.75% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$100,508,318 $107,543,900 $109,694,778 $115,727,991 $117,174,591 $118,053,401

$7,035,582 $2,150,878 $6,033,213 $1,446,600 $878,809 $5,562,676 $123,616,077

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

8.00% 5.00% 4.00% 10.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$123,616,076.79 $123,616,076.79 $123,616,076.79 $123,616,076.79

$9,889,286 $6,180,804 $4,944,643 $12,361,608 $156,992,418

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

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COST ESTIMATE

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ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Catalytic Site Scale

1

2

3

Catalytic Site locations within the Overall Project Area Scale (UHCDC)

Overview As noted earlier, in addition to the overall project area scale conceptual ROM report, the cost estimator also produced a summary at the catalytic site scale, organized by Catalytic Site 1, 2, and 3 (locations picture above and described in greater detail in Chapters 7 through 9). As noted in the cost report introduction, the two different project scales support different planning discussions. The cost should not be added together because catalytic site improvements may overlap with broader project area segment interventions.

Following a one-page, high-level summary of cost scenarios for all three sites, this report provides more detailed ROM cost breakdowns 729

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

for each catalytic site. Plans throughout this portion of the report illustrate the respective scopes of proposed long-term interventions for each catalytic site, as well as the spatial extents of conceptual ROM cost limits of work.

For each catalytic site, the plan representations are followed by ROM cost breakdowns organized by high, mid, and low scenarios.

Catalytic Sites Catalytic Site 1: Olowalu Town Catalytic Site 2: Mile Marker 14 Catalytic Site 3: Ukumehame Beach Park and Wetlands

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

B. KATAYAMA

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

UNIT

UNIT COST

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS

$203,311,257 $211,233,321 $357,051,268 1.48x $300,900,660 $312,625,315 $528,435,877 10.92x $3,286,236,345 $3,414,285,207 $5,771,224,247

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS

$128,452,615 $121,146,486 $203,302,826 1.38x $176,622,346 $166,576,418 $279,541,386 6.83x $1,206,922,198 $1,138,274,865 $1,910,203,952

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS LS

$82,367,854 $71,022,271 $116,971,152 1.27x $104,607,174 $90,198,284 $148,553,362 4.26x $445,231,088 $383,903,690 $632,275,709

HIGH SCENARIO - SUMMARY 1. CATALYTIC SITES CONSTRUCTION (2026) CATALYTIC SITE #1 CATALYTIC SITE #2 CATALYTIC SITE #3 2. CATALYTIC SITES PROGRAM (2026) CATALYTIC SITE #1 CATALYTIC SITE #2 CATALYTIC SITE #3 3. CATALYTIC SITES PROGRAM (2075) 5%/yr CATALYTIC SITE #1 CATALYTIC SITE #2 CATALYTIC SITE #3

$771,595,845

$1,141,961,851

$12,471,745,799

MID SCENARIO - SUMMARY 1. CATALYTIC SITES CONSTRUCTION (2026) CATALYTIC SITE #1 CATALYTIC SITE #2 CATALYTIC SITE #3 2. CATALYTIC SITES PROGRAM (2026) CATALYTIC SITE #1 CATALYTIC SITE #2 CATALYTIC SITE #3 3. CATALYTIC SITES PROGRAM (2075) 4%/yr CATALYTIC SITE #1 CATALYTIC SITE #2 CATALYTIC SITE #3

$452,901,927

$622,740,150

$4,255,401,015

LOW SCENARIO - SUMMARY 1. CATALYTIC SITES CONSTRUCTION (2026) CATALYTIC SITE #1 CATALYTIC SITE #2 CATALYTIC SITE #3 2. CATALYTIC SITES PROGRAM (2026) CATALYTIC SITE #1 CATALYTIC SITE #2 CATALYTIC SITE #3 3. CATALYTIC SITES PROGRAM (2075) 3%/yr CATALYTIC SITE #1 CATALYTIC SITE #2 CATALYTIC SITE #3

$270,361,276

$343,358,821

$1,461,410,487

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

730

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Catalytic Site Scale

COST ESTIMATE SCOPE OF WORK

The plans included below highlight the areas of proposed long-term proof-of-concept design interventions for the project’s three catalytic sites. The blue outlines spatially summarize the scope of work captured in the ROM Cost Report.

CATALYTIC SITE 1 - Olowalu Town

731

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

CATALYTIC SITE 2 - Mile Mark

ker 14

COST ESTIMATE

CATALYTIC SITE 3 - Ukumehame Wetlands & Beach Park

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

732

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Catalytic Site Scale

EXISTING CONDITIONS 2026

CIRCULATION 1 2

Parking Lot Honoapiʻilani Highway

BUILT STRUCTURES & INFRASTRUCTURE 3 4 5 6 7

Existing Olowalu Town Buildings Sugar Mill Remnants Olowalu Landing Olowalu Town Market Space Shower

OTHER 8 9

Existing Coastline Private Fruit Orchard 8

733

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

D. SR HIL LA CC ES KIL EA 2

OLOWALU TOWN HO

NO AP IʻI

6

LA

NI

3

HW Y

3 3

1

OLO WAL U

1

CAN E

HAU

L RD .

9

SUGAR MILL REMNANTS 4 7

8

OLOWALU LANDING 5

Catalytic Site 1

OLOWALU TOWN The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

734

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Catalytic Site Scale

LONG-TERM VISION Approximately 2075

CIRCULATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Parking Lot Public Shoreline Path Park Pedestrian Path Wooden Path (planks) Multi-use Path (at grade) Paved Multipurpose Area Pier and Boardwalk

BUILT STRUCTURES & INFRASTRUCTURE Comfort Station Showers 10 Resilience Hub 11 Market Stalls 12 Park Pavilions 13 Multi-Purpose Community Pavilion with Integrated Comfort Station 14 Pavilion Concrete Platform / Building Foundation 15 Sugar Mill Remnant Remediation and Adaptive Reuse 16 Pier Shade Structure 17 Concrete Steps 18 Ramp 19 Seats / Retaining Walls 8 9

SLR ADAPTATION MEASURES 20 21

Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline Revetments

ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY 22

Nature-Based Stormwater Infrastructure

OTHER 24

Educational Signage Public Park Amenities

735

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

23

20

CATALYTIC SITE 1

Conceptual ROM Cost (J. Uno) Construction, not including Program:

MID SCENARIO (In 2026 dollars)

$128,452,615 6

8 11 10 5 22 22

2

1 24 20 3 4

13

12

23

14 19 15

17 21

18

2

9

20

7

16

Catalytic Site 1

OLOWALU TOWN The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

736

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL:

CONCEPTUAL

CHECKED BY:

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

B. KATAYAMA

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

HIGH SCENARIO - SUMMARY

UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CATALYTIC SITES

1. Lot 1 (Overflow) 32 2. Lot 2 (Village Center + Farmers Market) 30 3. Lot 3 (Park) 52 4. Public Shoreline Path 2,286 5. Park Pedestrian Path 2,946 6. Wooden Path (Village Center to Multi-Purpose Community Pavilion)528 7. Multi-use Path (at grade) 1,179 8. Village Center Path 1,126 9. Emergency Vehicle Turn-around 109 10. Paved Multipurpose Area 10,663 11. Pier and Boardwalk 553 12. Site Improvements and Utilities 1 13. Comfort Station 1 14. Resilience Hub 1 15. Market Stalls 26 16. Showers 1 17. Drinking Water Stations 1 18. Park Pavilions on Concrete Platforms 6 19. Multi-Purpose Community Pavilion with Integrated Comfort Station 1 20. Sugar Mill Remnant Remediation and Adaptive Reuse 5,275 21. Pavilion Concrete Platform / Building Foundation 15,091 22. Pavilion Decking (wrap around) 431 23. Lighting 1 24. Pier Shade Structure 1 25. Ramped Concrete Platform w/ Revetments 2,068 26. Concrete Steps 57 27. Ramp 212 28. Seat Walls / Retaining Walls 407 29. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2,410 30. Nature Based Stormwater Infrastructure 28,280 31. Educational Signage and Wayfinding 1 32. Fruit Tree Planting 10,966 33. Grassy Area with Shade Trees 129,574 34. Wastewater / Sustainable Sewage Disposal Allowance 1

stalls stalls stalls lf lf lf lf lf lf sf lf ls ea ea ea ea ea ea ea sf sf lf ls ea sf lf lf lf lf sf ls sf sf ls

$40,000.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $1,800.00 $950.00 $10,000.00 $2,200.00 $850.00 $850.00 $140.00 $11,000.00 $5,000,000.00 $2,600,000.00 $4,200,000.00 $160,000.00 $250,000.00 $150,000.00 $850,000.00 $4,200,000.00 $750.00 $350.00 $10,000.00 $2,000,000.00 $1,300,000.00 $650.00 $8,000.00 $4,500.00 $3,000.00 $16,000.00 $170.00 $1,000,000.00 $60.00 $45.00 $7,500,000.00

CATALYTIC SITE #1 $1,280,000 $1,200,000 $2,080,000 $4,115,574 $2,799,082 $5,283,800 $2,593,479 $957,225 $93,026 $1,492,807 $6,087,224 $5,000,000 $2,600,000 $4,200,000 $4,160,000 $250,000 $150,000 $5,100,000 $4,200,000 $3,956,273 $5,281,797 $4,314,600 $2,000,000 $1,300,000 $1,343,927 $452,000 $954,468 $1,221,309 $38,559,440 $4,807,583 $1,000,000 $657,931 $5,830,823 $7,500,000 $132,822,369

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

6.00% 7.00% 3.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$132,822,369 $132,822,369 $132,822,369

$7,969,342 $9,297,566 $4,648,783 $154,738,059

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

10.00% 3.00% 7.50% 1.75% 1.25% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$154,738,059 $170,211,865 $175,318,221 $188,467,088 $191,765,262 $194,162,328

$15,473,806 $5,106,356 $13,148,867 $3,298,174 $2,397,066 $9,148,929 $203,311,257

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

12.00% 10.00% 6.00% 20.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$203,311,256.62 $203,311,256.62 $203,311,256.62 $203,311,256.62

$24,397,351 $20,331,126 $12,198,675 $40,662,251 $300,900,660

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

737

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL:

CONCEPTUAL

CHECKED BY:

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

B. KATAYAMA

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

MID SCENARIO - SUMMARY

UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CATALYTIC SITES

1. Lot 1 (Overflow) 32 2. Lot 2 (Village Center + Farmers Market) 30 3. Lot 3 (Park) 52 4. Public Shoreline Path 2,286 5. Park Pedestrian Path 2,946 6. Wooden Path (Village Center to Multi-Purpose Community Pavilion)528 7. Multi-use Path (at grade) 1,179 8. Village Center Path 1,126 9. Emergency Vehicle Turn-around 109 10. Paved Multipurpose Area 10,663 11. Pier and Boardwalk 553 12. Site Improvements and Utilities 1 13. Comfort Station 1 14. Resilience Hub 1 15. Market Stalls 26 16. Showers 1 17. Drinking Water Stations 1 18. Park Pavilions on Concrete Platforms 6 19. Multi-Purpose Community Pavilion with Integrated Comfort Station 1 20. Sugar Mill Remnant Remediation and Adaptive Reuse 5,275 21. Pavilion Concrete Platform / Building Foundation 15,091 22. Pavilion Decking (wrap around) 431 23. Lighting 1 24. Pier Shade Structure 1 25. Ramped Concrete Platform w/ Revetments 2,068 26. Concrete Steps 57 27. Ramp 212 28. Seat Walls / Retaining Walls 407 29. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2,410 30. Nature Based Stormwater Infrastructure 28,280 31. Educational Signage and Wayfinding 1 32. Fruit Tree Planting 10,966 33. Grassy Area with Shade Trees 129,574 34. Wastewater / Sustainable Sewage Disposal Allowance 1

stalls stalls stalls lf lf lf lf lf lf sf lf ls ea ea ea ea ea ea ea sf sf lf ls ea sf lf lf lf lf sf ls sf sf ls

$25,000.00 $25,000.00 $25,000.00 $1,000.00 $600.00 $7,000.00 $1,200.00 $650.00 $650.00 $85.00 $7,000.00 $3,500,000.00 $1,600,000.00 $2,800,000.00 $100,000.00 $150,000.00 $100,000.00 $600,000.00 $2,800,000.00 $500.00 $250.00 $7,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $500.00 $6,500.00 $3,500.00 $2,500.00 $12,000.00 $100.00 $750,000.00 $30.00 $25.00 $3,500,000.00

CATALYTIC SITE #1 $800,000 $750,000 $1,300,000 $2,286,430 $1,767,841 $3,698,660 $1,414,625 $731,996 $71,137 $906,347 $3,873,688 $3,500,000 $1,600,000 $2,800,000 $2,600,000 $150,000 $100,000 $3,600,000 $2,800,000 $2,637,515 $3,772,712 $3,020,220 $1,500,000 $1,000,000 $1,033,790 $367,250 $742,364 $1,017,758 $28,919,580 $2,827,990 $750,000 $328,966 $3,239,346 $3,500,000 $89,408,215

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

5.00% 5.50% 2.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$89,408,215 $89,408,215 $89,408,215

$4,470,411 $4,917,452 $2,235,205 $101,031,283

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

8.50% 2.50% 6.50% 1.50% 1.00% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$101,031,283 $109,618,942 $112,359,416 $119,662,778 $121,457,720 $122,672,297

$8,587,659 $2,740,474 $7,303,362 $1,794,942 $1,214,577 $5,780,319 $128,452,615

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

10.00% 7.50% 5.00% 15.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$128,452,615.35 $128,452,615.35 $128,452,615.35 $128,452,615.35

$12,845,262 $9,633,946 $6,422,631 $19,267,892 $176,622,346

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

738

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL:

CONCEPTUAL

CHECKED BY:

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

B. KATAYAMA

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

LOW SCENARIO - SUMMARY

UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CATALYTIC SITES

1. Lot 1 (Overflow) 32 2. Lot 2 (Village Center + Farmers Market) 30 3. Lot 3 (Park) 52 4. Public Shoreline Path 2,286 5. Park Pedestrian Path 2,946 6. Wooden Path (Village Center to Multi-Purpose Community Pavilion)528 7. Multi-use Path (at grade) 1,179 8. Village Center Path 1,126 9. Emergency Vehicle Turn-around 109 10. Paved Multipurpose Area 10,663 11. Pier and Boardwalk 553 12. Site Improvements and Utilities 1 13. Comfort Station 1 14. Resilience Hub 1 15. Market Stalls 26 16. Showers 1 17. Drinking Water Stations 1 18. Park Pavilions on Concrete Platforms 6 19. Multi-Purpose Community Pavilion with Integrated Comfort Station 1 20. Sugar Mill Remnant Remediation and Adaptive Reuse 5,275 21. Pavilion Concrete Platform / Building Foundation 15,091 22. Pavilion Decking (wrap around) 431 23. Lighting 1 24. Pier Shade Structure 1 25. Ramped Concrete Platform w/ Revetments 2,068 26. Concrete Steps 57 27. Ramp 212 28. Seat Walls / Retaining Walls 407 29. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 2,410 30. Nature Based Stormwater Infrastructure 28,280 31. Educational Signage and Wayfinding 1 32. Fruit Tree Planting 10,966 33. Grassy Area with Shade Trees 129,574 34. Wastewater / Sustainable Sewage Disposal Allowance 1

stalls stalls stalls lf lf lf lf lf lf sf lf ls ea ea ea ea ea ea ea sf sf lf ls ea sf lf lf lf lf sf ls sf sf ls

$20,000.00 $20,000.00 $20,000.00 $500.00 $350.00 $4,500.00 $700.00 $500.00 $450.00 $45.00 $4,000.00 $2,500,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $1,800,000.00 $75,000.00 $100,000.00 $75,000.00 $375,000.00 $1,600,000.00 $350.00 $180.00 $4,500.00 $1,000,000.00 $750,000.00 $350.00 $4,500.00 $2,500.00 $1,500.00 $9,000.00 $60.00 $500,000.00 $20.00 $15.00 $2,500,000.00

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS),

CATALYTIC SITE #1 $640,000 $600,000 $1,040,000 $1,143,215 $1,031,241 $2,377,710 $825,198 $563,074 $49,249 $479,831 $2,213,536 $2,500,000 $1,000,000 $1,800,000 $1,950,000 $100,000 $75,000 $2,250,000 $1,600,000 $1,846,261 $2,716,353 $1,941,570 $1,000,000 $750,000 $723,653 $254,250 $530,260 $610,655 $21,689,685 $1,696,794 $500,000 $219,310 $1,943,608 $2,500,000 $61,160,451

DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

4.00% 4.00% 1.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$61,160,451 $61,160,451 $61,160,451

$2,446,418 $2,446,418 $917,407 $66,970,694

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

7.00% 2.00% 5.50% 1.25% 0.75% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$66,970,694 $71,658,643 $73,091,815 $77,111,865 $78,075,764 $78,661,332

$4,687,949 $1,433,173 $4,020,050 $963,898 $585,568 $3,706,522 $82,367,854

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

8.00% 5.00% 4.00% 10.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$82,367,853.71 $82,367,853.71 $82,367,853.71 $82,367,853.71

$6,589,428 $4,118,393 $3,294,714 $8,236,785 $104,607,174

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

739

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

COST ESTIMATE

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740

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Catalytic Site Scale

EXISTING CONDITIONS

OLOWALU

2026

CIRCULATION 1 2

Honoapiʻilani Highway Undesignated Coastal Parking (on sand)

ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY 3 4 5

Existing Streams Stream Outlet Olowalu Reef

OTHER 6 7

Existing Coastline Heavily Used Beach

7

6

5

741

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

ʻIL KĀ IʻIL M EA TR IS 3

1

UKUMEHAME 2 7

3

HO

NO AP IʻIL

7 6

AN

IH WY

4 2

OLOWALU REEF

6

5

Catalytic Site 2

MILE MARKER 14 The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

742

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Catalytic Site Scale 18

LONG-TERM VISION Approximately 2075

16

CIRCULATION 1 2 3 4 5

Parking Lot Elevated Shared-Use Boardwalk Elevated Pedestrian Only Boardwalk Maintenance & Emergency Access Pathway (at grade) Paved Multipurpose Area

21

BUILT STRUCTURES & INFRASTRUCTURE Comfort Station 7 Showers 8 Reef Education Hub (large pavilion) 9 Park Pavilion (small) 10 Park Pavilion (large) 11 Lifeguard Tower 12 Shaded Lookout Structure (small); with built in benches 13 Bridge / Culvert 6

SLR ADAPTATION MEASURES 14 15

Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline Revetments

BIOCULTURAL RESTORATION Loʻi Hale Loʻi 18 ʻAuwai Ditch Connection 16 17

ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY Riparian & Stream Restoration Green Stormwater Infrastructure 21 Wetland & Native Habitat Restoration

19

20

OTHER 23

Educational Signage Beach Park Amenities

743

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

22

14

4

15

CATALYTIC SITE 2

Conceptual ROM Cost (J. Uno) Construction, not including Program:

1

MID SCENARIO (In 2026 dollars)

17

$121,146,486 20

5

6 7

2

21

8

3 12

22 23 11

9

10 13 19 14

4

Catalytic Site 2

MILE MARKER 14 The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

744

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

HIGH SCENARIO - SUMMARY

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

CATALYTIC SITES

1. Parking Lot 2. Shared-Use Boardwalk 3. Pedestrian Only Boardwalk 4. Maintenance & Emergency Access Pathway (at grade) 5. Paved Multipurpose Area 6. Site Improvements and Utilities 7. Comfort Station 8. Showers 9. Reef Education Hub (Large Pavilion) 10. Park Pavilion (small) on concrete platform 11. Park Pavilion (large) on concrete platform 12. Lifeguard Tower 13. Shaded Lookout Structure (small); with Built in Benches 14. Bridge / Culvert 15. Lighting 16. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 17. Revetments 18. Loʻi 19. Hale Loʻi 20. ʻAuwai Ditch Connection 21. Riparian & Stream Restoration 22. Green Stormwater Infrastructure 23. Wetland & Native Habitat Restoration 24. Wayfinding and Educational Signage 25. Beach Park 26. Wastewater / Sustainable Sewage Disposal Allowance

56 204 1,536 2,147 16,463 1 1 3 1 4 2 1 3 1 1 2,147 3,094 69,243 2 1 266 5,062 502,078 1 116,440 1

stalls lf lf lf sf ls ea ea ls ea ea ea ea ls ls lf sf sf ls ls lf sf sf ls sf ls

$40,000.00 $11,000.00 $8,500.00 $3,000.00 $140.00 $5,000,000.00 $2,600,000.00 $250,000.00 $7,500,000.00 $650,000.00 $1,200,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $650,000.00 $3,000,000.00 $2,000,000.00 $16,000.00 $600.00 $75.00 $900,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $3,000.00 $170.00 $35.00 $1,000,000.00 $90.00 $7,500,000.00

CATALYTIC SITE #2 $2,240,000 $2,245,804 $13,052,864 $6,441,198 $2,304,759 $5,000,000 $2,600,000 $750,000 $7,500,000 $2,600,000 $2,400,000 $1,500,000 $1,950,000 $3,000,000 $2,000,000 $34,353,056 $1,856,619 $5,193,242 $1,800,000 $1,000,000 $797,337 $860,571 $17,572,726 $1,000,000 $10,479,644 $7,500,000 $137,997,819

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

6.00% 7.00% 3.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$137,997,819 $137,997,819 $137,997,819

$8,279,869 $9,659,847 $4,829,924 $160,767,459

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

10.00% 3.00% 7.50% 1.75% 1.25% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$160,767,459 $176,844,205 $182,149,531 $195,810,746 $199,237,434 $201,727,902

$16,076,746 $5,305,326 $13,661,215 $3,426,688 $2,490,468 $9,505,419 $211,233,321

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

12.00% 10.00% 6.00% 20.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$211,233,320.79 $211,233,320.79 $211,233,320.79 $211,233,320.79

$25,347,998 $21,123,332 $12,673,999 $42,246,664 $312,625,315

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

745

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

MID SCENARIO - SUMMARY

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY:

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

CATALYTIC SITES

1. Parking Lot 2. Shared-Use Boardwalk 3. Pedestrian Only Boardwalk 4. Maintenance & Emergency Access Pathway (at grade) 5. Paved Multipurpose Area 6. Site Improvements and Utilities 7. Comfort Station 8. Showers 9. Reef Education Hub (Large Pavilion) 10. Park Pavilion (small) on concrete platform 11. Park Pavilion (large) on concrete platform 12. Lifeguard Tower 13. Shaded Lookout Structure (small); with Built in Benches 14. Bridge / Culvert 15. Lighting 16. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 17. Revetments 18. Loʻi 19. Hale Loʻi 20. ʻAuwai Ditch Connection 21. Riparian & Stream Restoration 22. Green Stormwater Infrastructure 23. Wetland & Native Habitat Restoration 24. Wayfinding and Educational Signage 25. Beach Park 26. Wastewater / Sustainable Sewage Disposal Allowance

56 204 1,536 2,147 16,463 1 1 3 1 4 2 1 3 1 1 2,147 3,094 69,243 2 1 266 5,062 502,078 1 116,440 1

stalls lf lf lf sf ls ea ea ls ea ea ea ea ls ls lf sf sf ls ls lf sf sf ls sf ls

$25,000.00 $7,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,600.00 $85.00 $3,500,000.00 $1,600,000.00 $150,000.00 $4,500,000.00 $400,000.00 $750,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $400,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $12,000.00 $300.00 $35.00 $500,000.00 $500,000.00 $1,500.00 $100.00 $18.00 $750,000.00 $50.00 $3,500,000.00

CATALYTIC SITE #2 $1,400,000 $1,429,148 $7,678,155 $3,435,306 $1,399,318 $3,500,000 $1,600,000 $450,000 $4,500,000 $1,600,000 $1,500,000 $1,000,000 $1,200,000 $1,500,000 $1,500,000 $25,764,792 $928,309 $2,423,513 $1,000,000 $500,000 $398,669 $506,218 $9,037,402 $750,000 $5,822,024 $3,500,000 $84,322,854

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

5.00% 5.50% 2.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$84,322,854 $84,322,854 $84,322,854

$4,216,143 $4,637,757 $2,108,071 $95,284,825

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

8.50% 2.50% 6.50% 1.50% 1.00% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$95,284,825 $103,384,035 $105,968,636 $112,856,597 $114,549,446 $115,694,941

$8,099,210 $2,584,601 $6,887,961 $1,692,849 $1,145,494 $5,451,546 $121,146,486

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

10.00% 7.50% 5.00% 15.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$121,146,486.17 $121,146,486.17 $121,146,486.17 $121,146,486.17

$12,114,649 $9,085,986 $6,057,324 $18,171,973 $166,576,418

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

746

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

LOW SCENARIO - SUMMARY

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY:

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

CATALYTIC SITES

1. Parking Lot 2. Shared-Use Boardwalk 3. Pedestrian Only Boardwalk 4. Maintenance & Emergency Access Pathway (at grade) 5. Paved Multipurpose Area 6. Site Improvements and Utilities 7. Comfort Station 8. Showers 9. Reef Education Hub (Large Pavilion) 10. Park Pavilion (small) on concrete platform 11. Park Pavilion (large) on concrete platform 12. Lifeguard Tower 13. Shaded Lookout Structure (small); with Built in Benches 14. Bridge / Culvert 15. Lighting 16. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 17. Revetments 18. Loʻi 19. Hale Loʻi 20. ʻAuwai Ditch Connection 21. Riparian & Stream Restoration 22. Green Stormwater Infrastructure 23. Wetland & Native Habitat Restoration 24. Wayfinding and Educational Signage 25. Beach Park 26. Wastewater / Sustainable Sewage Disposal Allowance

56 204 1,536 2,147 16,463 1 1 3 1 4 2 1 3 1 1 2,147 3,094 69,243 2 1 266 5,062 502,078 1 116,440 1

stalls lf lf lf sf ls ea ea ls ea ea ea ea ls ls lf sf sf ls ls lf sf sf ls sf ls

$20,000.00 $4,500.00 $3,000.00 $900.00 $45.00 $2,500,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $100,000.00 $2,500,000.00 $250,000.00 $500,000.00 $650,000.00 $250,000.00 $750,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $9,000.00 $150.00 $15.00 $250,000.00 $250,000.00 $600.00 $60.00 $8.00 $500,000.00 $25.00 $2,500,000.00

CATALYTIC SITE #2 $1,120,000 $918,738 $4,606,893 $1,932,359 $740,815 $2,500,000 $1,000,000 $300,000 $2,500,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $650,000 $750,000 $750,000 $1,000,000 $19,323,594 $464,155 $1,038,648 $500,000 $250,000 $159,467 $303,731 $4,016,623 $500,000 $2,911,012 $2,500,000 $52,736,036

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

4.00% 4.00% 1.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$52,736,036 $52,736,036 $52,736,036

$2,109,441 $2,109,441 $791,041 $57,745,960

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

7.00% 2.00% 5.50% 1.25% 0.75% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$57,745,960 $61,788,177 $63,023,941 $66,490,257 $67,321,386 $67,826,296

$4,042,217 $1,235,764 $3,466,317 $831,128 $504,910 $3,195,975 $71,022,271

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

8.00% 5.00% 4.00% 10.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$71,022,271.05 $71,022,271.05 $71,022,271.05 $71,022,271.05

$5,681,782 $3,551,114 $2,840,891 $7,102,227 $90,198,284

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

747

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

COST ESTIMATE

This page intentionally left blank.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

748

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Catalytic Site Scale

EXISTING CONDITIONS 2026

CIRCULATION 1 2

Honoapiʻilani Highway Parking Lot

ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY 3 4 5

Existing Gulches and Ditches Hydrology Outlet Wetlands 5

OTHER 6 7 8 9

3

Existing Coastline Ukumehame Beach Park Popular Surf Break Access Point Hardened Shoreline

4 7 6

749

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

H LC

L AU N A

A

GU

H 3

5

LCH

3

MAKIW A GU

5

2

1 9 8

UKUMEHAME BEACH PARK

9

HONOAP IʻILANI H

IGHWAY 6

Catalytic Site 3

UKUMEHAME WETLANDS The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

750

ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) COST SUMMARY Catalytic Site Scale

LONG-TERM VISION

1

Approximately 2075

8

CIRCULATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Parking Lot Elevated Shared-Use Drivable Boardwalk Elevated Pedestrian Only Boardwalk Elevated Water Access Boardwalk Elevated Multi-Use Path Boardwalk Maintenance & Emergency Access Pathway (at grade) Salt Collection Ramp Paved Multipurpose Area

3

5

BUILT STRUCTURES & INFRASTRUCTURE

3

Comfort Station 10 Shower 11 Wetland Education Hub (large pavilion) 12 Shaded Lookout Structure (small); with built in benches 13 Shaded Lookout Structure (large) 14 Bridge / Culvert 15 Seawall Removal & Repurpose 16 Revetments 17 Steps Leading to Sandy Area 9

SLR ADAPTATION MEASURES 18

Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline

BIOCULTURAL RESTORATION 19

Paʻakai / Salt Collection (farming)

ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY Riparian & Stream Restoration 21 Green Stormwater Infrastructure 22 Wetland Restoration + Expansion & Native Habitat Protection

20

OTHER Educational Signage Wetland Education Hub Amenities 25 Shaded Lookout Structure (large) Tables 23

24

751

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

12

6 4 7 6

CATALYTIC SITE 3

Conceptual ROM Cost (J. Uno) Construction, not including Program: 21

MID SCENARIO H

(In 2026 dollars) LC GU A $203,302,826 UL NA

10

9

HA 3

5 2

22

LCH

3

23

MAKIW A GU

5

7

11 19

24

22

5

14 4

2

17 20 8

UKUMEHAME BEACH PARK

13

1 9

16

25

18

15 9

6

Catalytic Site 3

UKUMEHAME WETLANDS The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

752

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

HIGH SCENARIO - SUMMARY

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

CATALYTIC SITES

1. Parking Lot 2. Shared-Use Drivable Boardwalk 3. Pedestrian Only Boardwalk 4. Water Access Boardwalk 5. Multi-Use Path Boardwalk 6. Maintenance & Emergency Access Pathway (at grade) 7. Ramp (Salt Collection Area) 8. Paved Multipurpose Area 9. Site Improvements and Utilities 10. Comfort Station 11. Shower 12. Wetland Education Hub (Large Pavilion) 13. Shaded Lookout Structure (Small); with Built in Benches 14. Shaded Lookout Structure (Large) 15. Bridge / Culvert 16. Seawall Removal & Material Repurpose 17. Sandy Area for Surf & Water Access 18. Platforms including Steps 19. Lighting 20. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 21. Revetments 22. Paʻakai / Salt Collection (Farming) 23. Riparian & Stream Restoration 24. Green Stormwater Infrastructure 25. Wetland & Native Habitat Restoration 26. Wayfinding and Educational Signage 27. Wastewater / Sustainable Sewage Disposal Allowance

56 1,899 1,714 578 2,101 1,903 1 243 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1,175 16,829 2 1 2,045 3,677 67,233 1,731 14,884 1,476,349 1 1

stalls lf lf lf lf lf ls lf ls ea ls ls ea ea ls lf sf ea ls lf sf sf lf sf sf ls ls

$40,000.00 $18,000.00 $8,500.00 $11,000.00 $12,500.00 $3,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $1,200.00 $5,000,000.00 $2,600,000.00 $250,000.00 $7,500,000.00 $650,000.00 $1,200,000.00 $3,000,000.00 $3,500.00 $60.00 $850,000.00 $2,000,000.00 $16,000.00 $600.00 $45.00 $3,000.00 $170.00 $35.00 $1,000,000.00 $7,500,000.00

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS),

CATALYTIC SITE #3 $2,240,000 $34,175,700 $14,565,770 $6,354,359 $26,259,550 $5,709,588 $1,000,000 $291,653 $5,000,000 $2,600,000 $250,000 $7,500,000 $8,450,000 $1,200,000 $3,000,000 $4,112,500 $1,009,746 $1,700,000 $2,000,000 $32,714,112 $2,206,191 $3,025,477 $5,192,979 $2,530,216 $51,672,216 $1,000,000 $7,500,000 $233,260,056

DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

6.00% 7.00% 3.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$233,260,056 $233,260,056 $233,260,056

$13,995,603 $16,328,204 $8,164,102 $271,747,965

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

10.00% 3.00% 7.50% 1.75% 1.25% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$271,747,965 $298,922,762 $307,890,445 $330,982,228 $336,774,417 $340,984,097

$27,174,797 $8,967,683 $23,091,783 $5,792,189 $4,209,680 $16,067,171 $357,051,268

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

12.00% 10.00% 6.00% 20.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$357,051,268.06 $357,051,268.06 $357,051,268.06 $357,051,268.06

$42,846,152 $35,705,127 $21,423,076 $71,410,254 $528,435,877

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

753

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

MID SCENARIO - SUMMARY

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY: DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

CATALYTIC SITES

1. Parking Lot 2. Shared-Use Drivable Boardwalk 3. Pedestrian Only Boardwalk 4. Water Access Boardwalk 5. Multi-Use Path Boardwalk 6. Maintenance & Emergency Access Pathway (at grade) 7. Ramp (Salt Collection Area) 8. Paved Multipurpose Area 9. Site Improvements and Utilities 10. Comfort Station 11. Shower 12. Wetland Education Hub (Large Pavilion) 13. Shaded Lookout Structure (Small); with Built in Benches 14. Shaded Lookout Structure (Large) 15. Bridge / Culvert 16. Seawall Removal & Material Repurpose 17. Sandy Area for Surf & Water Access 18. Platforms including Steps 19. Lighting 20. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 21. Revetments 22. Paʻakai / Salt Collection (Farming) 23. Riparian & Stream Restoration 24. Green Stormwater Infrastructure 25. Wetland & Native Habitat Restoration 26. Wayfinding and Educational Signage 27. Wastewater / Sustainable Sewage Disposal Allowance

56 1,899 1,714 578 2,101 1,903 1 243 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1,175 16,829 2 1 2,045 3,677 67,233 1,731 14,884 1,476,349 1 1

stalls lf lf lf lf lf ls lf ls ea ls ls ea ea ls lf sf ea ls lf sf sf lf sf sf ls ls

$25,000.00 $12,000.00 $5,000.00 $7,000.00 $8,000.00 $1,600.00 $500,000.00 $850.00 $3,500,000.00 $1,600,000.00 $150,000.00 $4,500,000.00 $400,000.00 $750,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $1,750.00 $30.00 $500,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $12,000.00 $300.00 $20.00 $1,500.00 $100.00 $18.00 $750,000.00 $3,500,000.00

CATALYTIC SITE #3 $1,400,000 $22,783,800 $8,568,100 $4,043,683 $16,806,112 $3,045,114 $500,000 $206,587 $3,500,000 $1,600,000 $150,000 $4,500,000 $5,200,000 $750,000 $1,500,000 $2,056,250 $504,873 $1,000,000 $1,500,000 $24,535,584 $1,103,095 $1,344,657 $2,596,490 $1,488,362 $26,574,283 $750,000 $3,500,000 $141,506,989

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

5.00% 5.50% 2.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$141,506,989 $141,506,989 $141,506,989

$7,075,349 $7,782,884 $3,537,675 $159,902,898

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

8.50% 2.50% 6.50% 1.50% 1.00% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$159,902,898 $173,494,644 $177,832,010 $189,391,091 $192,231,957 $194,154,276

$13,591,746 $4,337,366 $11,559,081 $2,840,866 $1,922,320 $9,148,550 $203,302,826

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

10.00% 7.50% 5.00% 15.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$203,302,825.97 $203,302,825.97 $203,302,825.97 $203,302,825.97

$20,330,283 $15,247,712 $10,165,141 $30,495,424 $279,541,386

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

754

P R O J E C T

C O S T

S U M M A R Y

PROJECT:

CONCEPTUAL ROM REPORT

LOCATION:

MAUI, HAWAII

PROJECT NO.: TBD

ARCHITECT:

UHCDC

SUBMITTAL: CONCEPTUAL

QTY BY:

B. KATAYAMA

PRICES BY:

DESCRIPTION

QTY

UNIT

LOW SCENARIO - SUMMARY

ESTIMATE NO.:

26-055

DATE:

6/30/2026

CHECKED BY:

B. KATAYAMA UNIT COST

DATE CHECKED: T O T A L TOTAL

CATALYTIC SITES

1. Parking Lot 2. Shared-Use Drivable Boardwalk 3. Pedestrian Only Boardwalk 4. Water Access Boardwalk 5. Multi-Use Path Boardwalk 6. Maintenance & Emergency Access Pathway (at grade) 7. Ramp (Salt Collection Area) 8. Paved Multipurpose Area 9. Site Improvements and Utilities 10. Comfort Station 11. Shower 12. Wetland Education Hub (Large Pavilion) 13. Shaded Lookout Structure (Small); with Built in Benches 14. Shaded Lookout Structure (Large) 15. Bridge / Culvert 16. Seawall Removal & Material Repurpose 17. Sandy Area for Surf & Water Access 18. Platforms including Steps 19. Lighting 20. Vegetated Buffer + Living Shoreline 21. Revetments 22. Paʻakai / Salt Collection (Farming) 23. Riparian & Stream Restoration 24. Green Stormwater Infrastructure 25. Wetland & Native Habitat Restoration 26. Wayfinding and Educational Signage 27. Wastewater / Sustainable Sewage Disposal Allowance

56 1,899 1,714 578 2,101 1,903 1 243 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1,175 16,829 2 1 2,045 3,677 67,233 1,731 14,884 1,476,349 1 1

stalls lf lf lf lf lf ls lf ls ea ls ls ea ea ls lf sf ea ls lf sf sf lf sf sf ls ls

$20,000.00 $8,000.00 $3,000.00 $4,000.00 $5,500.00 $900.00 $250,000.00 $450.00 $2,500,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $100,000.00 $2,500,000.00 $250,000.00 $500,000.00 $750,000.00 $750.00 $15.00 $250,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $9,000.00 $150.00 $8.00 $600.00 $60.00 $8.00 $500,000.00 $2,500,000.00

CATALYTIC SITE #3 $1,120,000 $15,189,200 $5,140,860 $2,310,676 $11,554,202 $1,712,876 $250,000 $109,370 $2,500,000 $1,000,000 $100,000 $2,500,000 $3,250,000 $500,000 $750,000 $881,250 $252,436 $500,000 $1,000,000 $18,401,688 $551,548 $537,863 $1,038,596 $893,017 $11,810,792 $500,000 $2,500,000 $86,854,374

SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (INCLUDES SUBCONTRACTOR MARKUPS), DIRECT COST MARKUPS A. Mobilization / Demobilization B. Temporary Erosion / Sediment / Environmental Controls C. Traffic / Public Access Controls SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED DIRECT COST TO PRIME,

4.00% 4.00% 1.50%

Direct Direct Direct

$86,854,374 $86,854,374 $86,854,374

$3,474,175 $3,474,175 $1,302,816 $95,105,540

PRIME CONTRACTOR MARKUPS D. Job Office Overhead (JOOH) E. Home Office Overhead (HOOH) F. Profit G. Bond(s) H. Insurance(s) I. G.E. Tax TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST,

7.00% 2.00% 5.50% 1.25% 0.75% 4.712%

Running Running Running Running Running Running

$95,105,540 $101,762,928 $103,798,186 $109,507,086 $110,875,925 $111,707,494

$6,657,388 $2,035,259 $5,708,900 $1,368,839 $831,569 $5,263,657 $116,971,152

PROGRAM MARKUPS/ COSTS J. Design / Engineering / Technical Studies K. Enviro permitting / Cultural Consultation / Agency Coord.

L. Construction Management M. Program Contingency TOTAL ESTIMATED PROGRAM COST,

8.00% 5.00% 4.00% 10.00%

Direct Direct Direct Direct

$116,971,151.54 $116,971,151.54 $116,971,151.54 $116,971,151.54

$9,357,692 $5,848,558 $4,678,846 $11,697,115 $148,553,362

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2026 J. Uno & Associates, Inc.

755

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

COST ESTIMATE

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The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

756

9 0

10

SOURCES

SOURCES

Images and Graphics Unless noted in the following pages, sources for images and graphics are included in respective captions throughout the report.

Site Inventory GIS Layers (Chapter 3) Description

Data Set Credit

Ahupuaʻa

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/07624815fc7d42d4b23c527d20ad2f58_1/ about

Moku

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii cccddcec38bf4e0ea5516b17d6b104cf_3/about

Moku (Ridge to Reef)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/9d6093386cff4f3486b63305021302e7/about

100ft contours

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii search?tags=elevation%2520contours%2520100ft

20ft contours

County of Maui, Hawaii (“Maui County”)

https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index. html?id=ba26ecb5cf04401881acda707d7f658e

1ft lidar contours (Topobathy)

NOAA Office for Coastal Management

-

Geological units

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/1ae049f66be84280aa698037de9115b1/ explore?location=20.826575%2C-156.611108%2C14.95

Land use land cover (LULC)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/maps/ of Planning, State of Hawaii e00b356bcc9d4fabb6e07d6319a7b543

Wetlands (existing)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/2250370303ef44c8becf4fbe549e3f43_39/ explore?location=20.798226%2C-156.576608%2C15.63

Wetland and potential wetlands

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://htharvey.maps.arcgis. of Planning, State of Hawaii com/apps/mapviewer/index. html?webmap=4c6c2d1067b24f3d9b626ada6307c151

Reserves

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/6c4ad137c0e54d398712fd2e3e68e50e_1/ explore?location=20.810253%2C-156.559595%2C12.41

State Parks

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii fc2e0c95b32e4a11af5dafa518574aa0_16/ explore?location=20.806007%2C-156.573396%2C13.78

759

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

Link

SOURCES

Description

Data Set Credit

Major land resource areas

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/4b69511ebae8441485352c521181f6db_62/ explore?location=20.941071%2C-156.797036%2C10.68

Critical habitat

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/30213672abf34059a8efe117888268b0_25/ explore?location=20.825611%2C-156.651870%2C12.56

CAH (Habitat status)

U.S. Geological Survey Land Carbon Program

https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ e98d25cea526417fb140cdc4b88ec36e_17/ explore?location=20.540117%2C-157.491000%2C7.76

Carbon Assessment of Hawaii Land Cover - Biome Unit

U.S. Geological Survey Land Carbon Program

https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ de0b7f89949742e8a86e26946be4b9f3_16/ explore?location=20.825261%2C-156.614832%2C15.98

C-CAP Land Cover U.S. Geological Survey Land (Coastal Change Carbon Program Analysis Program)

Link

https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/ccapregional. html

Threatened-Endangered Plants

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii bbfa4c407c7146f79cdc77502e1a231d/ explore?location=20.874860%2C-156.623782%2C11.82

Whale sanctuary

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii maps/79b44d489c6d495da1acbd9f2bf3632c

Marine managed areas (DAR)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/maps/ of Planning, State of Hawaii f5c62bc211c448058cd4bfbc4141a9de

MHI_Longline fishing prohibited

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii maps/32ab78305b2d414aa07f818873efe642

MMA_Anthropocene

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii maps/57820ec1ac914e15ba69c1359d9f4628

Benthic habitat

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/maps/ of Planning, State of Hawaii f2fa130e71ea4faaa5c32fb785805249

Bottom type

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii maps/4780150a51064c37bc627e2dcc4df615

Coral reefs

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii maps/9229d814438349948c99b5e61a084418

Watersheds (DAR) Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii e98d25cea526417fb140cdc4b88ec36e_17/ explore?location=20.818160%2C-156.610913%2C14.39 Watersheds (CWRM)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii cfe1f5708d944a15ada695fc18f423a0_8/ explore?location=20.859225%2C-156.643430%2C12.44

Watershed partnerships

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/maps/ of Planning, State of Hawaii bcf6b476b7fe4d39bdd6d562f620b67b

Aquifers (DLNR)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii maps/3bcbe7b290df40b3abf0450f52d9aebb

Streams

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii maps/56046b3578064d989ffa485e4ed3dc46 The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

760

SOURCES Description

Data Set Credit

Streams (Aquatic resources)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/maps/ of Planning, State of Hawaii da7631a10e0d44e986b7f84127d547c7

Streams (Cultural resources)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii maps/76d0870b29b848b8ba356978ef94bf91

Streams (Riparian resources)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/maps/ of Planning, State of Hawaii d4f21ffd3424403a9d082eb24c073018

Waterfalls

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-dataof Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/

Dams

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/maps/ of Planning, State of Hawaii ddbd915b4cf844b5be692f3d91e328f1

Ditches

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii maps/370682dcd3964cc48fad56af2dbb7f79

Dikes

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/2fda168014444f8ea78206c4b889eca4_26/ explore?location=20.840829%2C-156.616129%2C12.84

Water quality management sites

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii b61cf8d8a2d4424ebd4b563af626917e_2/ explore?location=20.799920%2C-156.533108%2C13.01

Water qual. class

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii e3d4f809a9b240818cded4840bdaabb0_30/ explore?location=20.543515%2C-157.508850%2C7.73

Maui Island Plan protected areas

Maui County Planning Department, July 2022.

https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ datasets/73ac91e23120417cb7f858e788be4992_17/ explore?location=20.802056%2C-156.497650%2C10.68

Maui Island Plan Ag preserves

Maui County Planning Department, July 2022.

https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ c617acac2f3940218a99bc9b6409f91d_18/ explore?location=20.827249%2C-156.503650%2C14.78

Maui Island Plan growth areas

Maui County Planning Department, July 2022.

https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ datasets/26b8a1dc5e2540ad8ae97225d7147792_16/ explore?location=20.840155%2C-156.498300%2C11.77

Maui Island Plan - growth boundaries

Maui County Planning Department, July 2022.

https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ datasets/408646bbd78e4eeb87519dee48f85aa5_15/ explore?location=20.814752%2C-156.339300%2C10.83

City council districts - Maui

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-dataof Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/

Congressional districts

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-dataof Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/

House districts

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-dataof Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/

Senate districts

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-dataof Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/

State land use development areas

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-dataof Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/

761

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

Link

SOURCES

Description

Data Set Credit

Development plan

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-dataof Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/

Government land ownership (2022)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-dataof Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/

Census blocks

US Census Bureau

https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ datasets/357161de58744cd8854c46692b2ba93d_26/ explore?location=20.538814%2C-157.490700%2C7.77

Census tracts

US Census Bureau

https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ ae2350eb95f44375b1d4fcbaa8073a57_31/ explore?location=20.538814%2C-157.490700%2C7.77

Fire perimeters (1999-2022)

Hawai'i wildfire management Association

https://hwmo.squarespace.com/fire-resource-libraryblog/state-of-hawaii-wildfire-history-map-d5m84

Flood hazard areas (Maui County DFIRM)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii HiStateGIS::flood-hazard-areas-dfirm-statewide/about

NOAA passive SLR NOAA

Link

https://coast.noaa.gov/slrdata/Sea_Level_Rise_ Vectors/HI/index.html

SLR-XA

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/5c163882650b4d5e89925d04e1aa2a8e_45/ explore?location=20.538511%2C-157.260700%2C7.77

Potential Flooded Highways SLR-XA

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/48dff0fe97534207a900ff8d1bcad570_71/ explore?location=20.961725%2C-157.366300%2C8.01

Potential Economic Loss SLR-XA

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii e8ef0797c1a64bc89a10edfc5bfd0224_67/ explore?location=20.540066%2C-157.260700%2C7.76

Moisture zones

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/maps/4164f74fd1ff45f494 of Planning, State of Hawaii 3583e15dd8fa36

Tsunami evacuation zones (regular)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii db829ab4b17a44649eadf0db0f7379ab_2/ explore?location=20.793468%2C-156.483186%2C14.57

Tusnami evacuation zones (extreme)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/6354a438cc124f3d8d5276035815c948_12/ explore?location=21.398092%2C-158.098000%2C8.34

Fire risk areas

Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Fire Management Program, 2007.

Fire Response Zones

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/66a59db4bc31459298b28a94564de533/ explore?location=20.804999%2C-156.601858%2C12.66

Fire Stations Maui County

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii f93f82c85783493386712c438134ea30/ explore?location=20.816231%2C-156.590582%2C12.69

https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ datasets/9708f464f09e426781453ddf511e0be7_7/ explore

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

762

SOURCES Description

Data Set Credit

Link

Annual Rainfall (in)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii f0cadb44d59a495298cebe80247bff80_13/ explore?location=20.808929%2C-156.641190%2C12.11

Maui County TMK

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii c61357edec2e4994ae3c179ba8d3088c_30/ explore?location=20.812382%2C-156.619801%2C15.83

Zoning (county of maui)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/5a9219603d4b41719562928716a30def_6/ explore?location=20.799871%2C-156.336600%2C10.63

Agricultural land use (2020)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/342ee6c7547f45ddbfc07caf4ca2887d_19/ explore?location=20.542715%2C-157.274800%2C7.77

GNIS (Geographic Names)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/110562ff1fa2444491a51d003d97ea6b_2/ explore?location=22.638722%2C13.604600%2C5.72

Hunting areas

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/903568fa96f44e83a376a8aaf128d49e_33/ explore?location=0.001096%2C22.721350%2C0.00

Historic sugarcane Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-data(1900, 1920, 1937) of Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/ Historic pineapple Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-data(1900, 1920, 1937) of Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/ Building footprint (2020)

Statewide GIS Program, Office of Planning, State of Hawaii

Hotels

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii maps/2fe00ca2e74f47dbb0f2dd88ba27cc4d

On-site sewage disposal (OSDS 2010)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/108b8d29611a4a5e8bed2f7c658ddf68_24/ explore?location=20.804249%2C-156.561851%2C12.83

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/662795ebbc20438aa66aa150df7b1e2a_29/ explore?location=20.651912%2C-157.362250%2C7.85

Brightfields

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/ of Planning, State of Hawaii datasets/82e86a46c77b43d2beaadaa9dfde9a53_13/ explore?location=20.814978%2C-156.614252%2C15.92

Sidewalks and Paths_State

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-dataof Planning, State of Hawaii expanded/

Roads

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii HiStateGIS::roads-maui-county/about

Mile Markers

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/HiStateGIS::mileof Planning, State of Hawaii markers/about

Bridges

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii HiStateGIS::national-bridge-inventory/about

Bikeways

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii HiStateGIS::existing-state-bikeways/about

763

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

SOURCES

Description

Data Set Credit

Link

Proposed State Bikeways - Maui

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii d5cc6638ca1646d593d42d2fc23ada12/ explore?location=20.829362%2C-156.622597%2C12.75

Crosswalks

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii HiStateGIS::existing-state-crosswalks/about

Small Boat Harbors

Statewide GIS Program, Office https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/datasets/ of Planning, State of Hawaii HiStateGIS::small-boat-harbors-ramps/about

Highway alternatives (140ft ROW)

HDOT

-

Highway alternatives (lines only)

HDOT

-

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

764

SOURCES

Map-Based Research Title

Date

Link

Ahupuaʻa of Wahikuli Island of Maui

1865

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ WahikuliAhupuaa.pdf

Registered Map 1190: North Part of Lahaina, Maui

1882

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/60662

Registered Map 1192: Lahaina Town (North Section)

1882

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/60664

Registered Map 1193: Lahaina Town (south section), Maui

1882

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/60665

Registered Map 1194: Ukumehame Coast, Maui

1882

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/60666

Registered Map 1195: Kahakuloa Section, Maui

1882

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/60667

General Map of the Island of Maui

1883

https://libweb.hawaii.edu/exhibits/?manifest=https://iiif.lib.harvard. edu/manifests/ids:53915080#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-1785%2C1%2C7383%2C3359

Maui Hawaiian Islands

1883

https://libweb.hawaii.edu/exhibits/?manifest=https://purl.stanford. edu/xb366vk3923/iiif/manifest#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=3899%2C0%2C17201%2C7825

Registered Map 1191: Central Part of Lahaina District, West Maui

1883

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/60663

Lahaina District & Launiupoko

1883

https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/d6929d21-7edf-49aa953f-9f4b4a02c383

Registered Map 1137: Lahaina, Maui

1884

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/60616

Maui, Hawaiian Islands

1885

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/49296

765

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

SOURCES

Title

Date

Link

Map of Kanaha and Kahoma Valleys Lahaina Maui

1894

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0316AKanahaKahomaValleystracing.pdf

Registered Map 1205

1897

https://uhawaii-manoa.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/ permalink/01UHAWAII_MANOA/1j16209/alma9910901550905681

Portion of Lahaina Town Maui Showing Government Lands

1904

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ LahainaRemnantsw-reg1262.pdf

Registered Map 1262: Lahaina Town, Maui

1904

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/60748

Olowalu Plantation Maui

1906

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ OlowaluPlantation.pdf

Lahainaluna School and Vicinity Lahaina, Maui

1909

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ LahainalunaSchoolandVicinity.pdf

Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Lahaina, Maui Counti, Hawaii.

1914

https://www.loc.gov/resource/g4384lm. g015471914/?sp=1&st=image&r=-0.464,-0.072,1.84,1.315,0

Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Lahaina, Maui County, Hawaii.

1914

https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn01547_002/

Index Map - Pioneer Mill Company

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/LahainaIndexMap. pdf

Kahoma Valley Makai Section Lahaina - Maui

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0004KahomaValley.pdf

Kahoma Valley Makai Section Lahaina - Maui

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ KahomaValleyMap4.pdf

Lahaina North Section Maui - T.H.

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0007LahainaNorth.pdf

Lahaina Middle North Section Maui - T.H.

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0008MiddleNorthSectionWIDE.pdf

Lahaina Middle North Section Maui - T.H.

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0316KMiddleNorthseccolorWIDE.pdf

Lahaina Middle South Section Maui - T.H.

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0009MiddleSouthSecWIDE.pdf

Lahaina South Section Maui - T.H.

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0010SouthSectionWIDE.pdf

Paunau, Kahoma Valley Lahaina, Maui, T.H.

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/0005PaunauKahomaValley.pdf

General Map Pionner Mill Co. Lahaina, Maui

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/0002PioneeMillGeneralWIDE.pdf

Taro and Coffee Land Paunau, Kahoma Valley Lahaina, Maui, T.H.

1915

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0006TaroCoffLandsPaunau.pdf

The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

766

SOURCES Title

Date

Link

Plan of Ahupuaʻa of Kuholilea 4 Lahaina, Maui

1916

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ Kuholilea4Ahupuaa.pdf

Being a portion of the Ahupuaʻa of Paunau R.P. 4475-L.C.A. 7713 Ap.26 to Victoria Kamamalu Lahaina-Maui-T.H.

1916

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/0316CAhupuaaof portion-Paunau.pdf

Being a portion of the Ahupuaʻa of Paunau R.P. 4475-L.C.A. 7713 Ap.26 to Victoria Kamamalu Lahaina-Maui-T.H.

1916

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0316DAhupuuaPaunauWIDE.pdf

Kanaha Valley Lahaina Maui

1916

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/0011KanahaValley. pdf

Kauaula Valley Lahaina, Maui, T.H.

1916

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0003KauaulaValleyWIDE.pdf

Lahaina Town Lahaina, Maui, T.H.

1916

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/341LahainaTownWIDE.pdf

Lahaina Town, Lahaina, Maui, T.H.

1916

https://hdl.handle.net/10524/70706

Olowalu—Chronology and geochemistry time-series, West Maui

1917

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/ item/59e4f341e4b05fe04cd1917d

Territory of Hawaii Land Court

1919

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0315BKahomaValley.pdf

Sugar Mill Map 40, 40B, and 40C (Maui - Baldwin, Pioneer, Olowalu)

1919

https://uhawaii-manoa.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/ permalink/01UHAWAII_MANOA/1j16209/alma9910906478105681

Map of the Ahupuaʻa of Waikapu Wailuku District, Maui

1929

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ WaikapuAhupuaa.pdf

Map of the Island of Maui

1929

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/55320

Topographic Map of the Island of Maui

1930

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/MauiFisheries440WIDE.pdf

1938 Post Route Map of the Territory of Hawaii, Samoan Islands and the Island of Guam

1936

https://libweb.hawaii.edu/exhibits/?manifest=https://collections.lib. uwm.edu/iiif/info/agdm/156/manifest.json

The Dole Map of the Hawaiian Islands U.S.A.

1937

https://libweb.hawaii.edu/exhibits/?manifest=https://www. davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/iiif/m/RUMSEY~8~1~260653~5522978/ manifest

Sugar Plantation at Lahaina—Maui owned by Pioneer Mill Co.

1938

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ SugarPlantationLahainaWIDE.pdf

Maui (geologic)

1942

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/56950

767

Olowalu: The Road to Resilience

SOURCES

Title

Date

Link

Geologic and Topographic Map Island of Maui

1942

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/IslandofMaui440WIDE.pdf

Olowalu Quadrangle

1955

https://uhawaii-manoa.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/ permalink/01UHAWAII_MANOA/1j16209/alma9910905277705681

Lahaina Quadrangle

1956

https://uhawaii-manoa.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/ permalink/01UHAWAII_MANOA/1j16209/alma9910905278205681

Aloha, a pictorial map of the Hawaiian Islands: the United States' 50th State

1960

https://libweb.hawaii.edu/exhibits/?manifest=https://collections.lib. uwm.edu/iiif/info/agdm/8449/manifest.json

Cemetery sites, Kaanapali-Olowalu, identification & location information, tracing.

1960

https://uhawaii-manoa.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/ permalink/01UHAWAII_MANOA/1j16209/alma9945622964605682

The Islands of Hawaii

1981

https://libweb.hawaii.edu/exhibits/?manifest=https://collections.lib. uwm.edu/iiif/info/agdm/18451/manifest.json

Hawaiian Islands

1984

https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/329853f5-72b0-487aa2a1-6b897f88caac

1500030531F

2012

https://msc.fema.gov/portal/search?AddressQuery=olowalu%20maui

2013 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar: Maui (HI) LMSL from December 2013

2013

https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49750

Holomua: Marine 30x30-Effective management of Hawaiʻiʻs nearshore waters for healthy reefs, fish, and communities

2020

-

USGS Scientific Investigations Map 3143 sheet 4

2021

https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3143/sim3143_sheet4.pdf

Plan of Ahupuaʻa of Makila Lahaina, Maui

1916, 1925

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ MakilaAhupuaaWIDE.pdf

Plan of Ahupuaʻa of Puunau Iki Lahaina, Maui

1916, 1925

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ PuunauikiAhupuaaWIDE.pdf

Main Hawaiian Islands Multibeam Bathymetry and Backscatter Synthesis

-

https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HMRG/multibeam/index.php

Figure 6: Sea Level Rise Along Alignment

-

https://hidot.hawaii.gov/blog/2021/09/27/hdot-plan-for-honoapiilanihighway-in-olowalu/

State Route System County of Maui

-

https://hidot.hawaii.gov/highways/home/maui/maui-state-roads-andhighways/

Classification of Land (Lahaina)

-

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/0316ELahainaWIDE2.pdf The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

768

SOURCES Title

Date

Link

Lahainaluna Lands

-

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ LahainalunaLands.pdf

Lahainaluna School Land

-

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ LahainalunaSchoolLand.pdf

Maui - Multibeam Bathymetry Data Synthesis

-

https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HMRG/multibeam/products.php

Main 8 Hawaiian Islands (Maui): Shallow-water Benthic Habitats

-

https://products.coastalscience.noaa.gov/collections/benthic/ e97hawaii/maps2007.aspx

Second Division Tax Map

-

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ SecondDivisionTaxMap.pdf

Hydrographic Map of the Island of Maui

-

https://ags.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Cs4-30.pdf

The Major Coral Reefs of Maui Nui, Hawaiʻi - Distribution, Physical Characteristics, Oceanographic Controls, and Environmental Threats

-

https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20191019

Benthic habitat map of the geomorphological structure, biological cover, and geological zonation of Olowalu Reef, Maui, determined with integrated spectral, acoustic, and lidar

-

-

Registered Map 776 : Olowalu-Ukumehame Coast, Maui

-

https://uhawaii-manoa.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/ permalink/01UHAWAII_MANOA/1j16209/alma9910904373205681

Registered Map 891 : Olowalu Plantation, Maui

-

https://uhawaii-manoa.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/ permalink/01UHAWAII_MANOA/1j16209/alma9910906944905681

Registered Map 1051: Wahikuli, Lahaina, Maui

-

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/60528

Registered Map 1051: Wahikuli, Lahaina, Maui (tracing)

-

http://hdl.handle.net/10524/60529

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The Nature Conservancy & University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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Other References ʻĀina Archaeology (2025). Cultural Impact Assessment and Ethnographic Survey for the Honoapiʻilani Highway Realignment Project (Appendix 3.7). Prepared for Hawaiʻi Department of Transportation.

Alta Planning+Design & SSFM International (2022). West Maui Greenway Plan. Prepared for Maui Metropolitan Planning Organization.

Baker, R. J. (c. 1912). Hawaiian with Canoe, Lahaina, Maui [Photograph]. Hawaiʻi State Archives, Digital Archives of Hawaiʻi. https://digitalarchives.hawaii.gov/item/ark:70111/1D46 Bellinghausen, B. G. B. (n.d.) Olowalu Mill, Maui [Photograph]. Hawaiʻi State Archives, Digital Archives of Hawaiʻi. https://digitalarchives.hawaii.gov/item/ark:70111/1wF6 Clark, J. R. K. (2002). Hawaiʻi Place Names: Shores, Beaches, and Surf Sites. University of Hawaiʻi Press.

County of Maui Department of Planning (2022). West Maui Community Plan.

Federal Highway Administration & Hawaiʻi Department of Transportation (2025). Honoapiʻilani Highway Improvements Project Final Environmental Impact Statement.

Handy, E. S. C., Handy, E. G., & Pukui, M. K. (1991). Native Planters in Old Hawaiʻi: Their Life, Lore, and Environment. Bishop Museum Press.

Hawaiʻi Department of Transportation, Highways Division (2021). Hawaiʻi Highways Climate Adaptation Action Plan.

Kamaʻemaʻe Smith, K. (2011). Puʻuhonua: The Legacy of Olowalu. In J. Engledow & H. Rodrigues (Eds.).

Kamakau, S. M. (1992). Ruling Chiefs of Hawaiʻi (Rev. Ed.). Kamehameha Schools Press.

Kapueolaʻākeanui Pata, C. (2022). ʻOhuʻohu nā mauna o ʻeʻeka: Place names of Maui Komohana. North Beach–West Maui Benefit Fund Inc. Kīpuka Olowalu, The Coral Reef Alliance, & The Nature Conservancy (2022). Convening a Community of Practice Around Olowalu Reef: Workshop Notes.

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Kodak Hawaii Ltd. (C. 1930). Hauling Sugar Cane, Pioneer Mill Co., Launiupoko, Maui [Photograph]. Hawaiʻi State Archives, Digital Archives of Hawaiʻi. https://digitalarchives.hawaii.gov/item/ark:70111/2jnl Maui Metropolitan Planning Organization (2019). Hele Mai Maui 2040 Long Range Transportation Plan.

Na Ala Hele (1995). Tales From The Trail: Maui History and Lore From The Lahaina Pali Trail. Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife.

Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) (2017). Wave Run-Up Forecast Examples: Ukumehame, West Maui [Photograph]. University of Hawaiʻi School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/shoreline/runup-westmaui-ukumehame/#examples Pukui, M. K., Elbert, S. H., & Mookini, E. T. (1974). Place Names of Hawaiʻi (Rev. Ed.). University of Hawaiʻi Press.

The Nature Conservancy (2022). Increasing Resilience of Coral Reefs and Coastal Communities in Olowalu.

Prepared for NOAA Fisheries Habitat Conservation Center.

Tetra Tech, Inc. (2021). Maui County Beach Parks Vulnerability and Adaptation Study. Prepared for County of Maui Department of Parks and Recreation.

Towill, R. M. Corporation. (2005). Pali to Puamana Parkway Master Plan. Prepared for County of Maui Planning Department.

Ulukau: The Hawaiian Electronic Library (n.d.). https://ulukau.org/index.php?l=en University of Hawaiʻi Sea Grant College Program (2008). Beach Management Plan for Maui. Prepared for County of Maui Department of Planning.

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