AEE3_REGENERATIVE-INSULATION_UEHT

REGENERATIVE INSULATION PROJECT BY UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN - 170375 - AEE 2023/24 AEE

INDIA

23/24

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CONTEXT SITE CONDITIONS

DHUN - ANT COLONY HIGHWAY

AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

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CONTEXT Located on the eastern boarder of the Thar desert, in the arid desert state of Rajasthan, is Jaipur; one of the three cities of the “golden triangle of India”.

With dry and hot summers, freezing inland desert winters and monsoon season with torrential downpours, this region is exposed to dynamic and harsh weather.

40 km south-west of Jaipur, the DHUN initiative is working on restoring 500 acres of exhausted arid land, with revitalized traditional terraforming methods.

JAIPUR 26O54’41.83’ N 75O47’12.94 E

RAJASTHAN INDIA 100.000 KM AEE

INDIA

23/24

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JAIPUR DHUN

DHUN “Dhun is conceptualized as a 500 acre neighbourhood in suburban Jaipur, that comprises working, learning and recreational spaces. It is a new foundation to fully realise what is possible in the realm of living development practices—A neighbourhood built from the inside out, considering the needs of the local ecology, the community, the individual, and finally the sustainability and efficiency of its systems, in that order.

It aims to reimagine and redesign systems related to education, workplace, commerce, and recreation in order to build an environment that provides people with the freedom, inspiration, and resources to discover and develop their own potential.”

From the Dhun Life Project

https:// www.dhun.life/

JAIPUR 30 KM

2500 M AEE

INDIA

23/24

UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

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HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT WICKED PROBLEM ANALYSIS

XMIND FLOW CHART

AEE

INDIA

23/24

UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

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INDIA

INDIA

GDP PER CAPITA INDIA

1990

2000

2.388

UNITED KINGDOM

13.772

As Rajasthan is rich in minerals, mining makes up a uniquely large contribution to the grossstate-product (GSP). with reserves of limestone, marble, granite and sandstone contributing with a large portion of the states exports.

With the Hindu Kush- and Himalayan Mountains to the north, the Thar desert to the west and the dense jungles of Bengal to the east, getting goods fom India to it’s trading partners has always been a journey for the oceans. Situated in the middle of global trade routes between Europe, the american east coast and China, the Indian Ocean is the most heavily trafced ocean on the planet.

120.000 Top 3% >100.000

100.000

OF PEOPLE IN RAJASTHAN LIVE IN RURAL AREAS

30

40

50

2020

11 JSW Jaigarh Port / 50 T

NATIONAL GDP

7

2010

2.924

2.080

15 V.O. Chidambaranar Port / 36.6 T 3 1990

SHIPPING TONNAGE

2

1980

‘000.000 tonnes

19.6%

ONION

1. TU

R

ERIC

TURM

GINGER

DRY

S

SU

CO AC

B TO

CH

ILIE

GA

1.000.000

AL

L

JR

SOUTH KOREA

JAPAN

% GDP

FOSSIL FUELS

YEARLY IMPORT 2022

50

SECTOR % GDP

60

ENERGY DEFICIENCY

METALS PRODUCTS

BILLION USD

294.1

198.9

198.9

94.2

Diamonds

Billion USD

WASTE FOR FINAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

Medicaments Jewellery of precious metal

Telecommunication electricals Electronic integrated circuits

Unwrought aluminium

2020

2010

2000

1990

1980

1970

1960

Petroleum oils, other than crude Palm oil and its fractions Data processing equipment

2022

2021

2020

2020

2021

2022

1990

2000

2010

1.000

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

100.000 1.000.000 10.000.000

100

Diamonds

References appended

AEE

NON-METAL PRODUCTS

Gas (petrolium and others)

Telecommunication electricals Rice Parts of motor vehicles Motor cars and other vehicles Crustaceans

TONNES 000' RUPEE

1980

44.11 ODISHA 17.34 CHHATTISGARH 14.10 RAJASTHAN 13.24 KARNATAKA 4.36 JHARKHAND 2014 2.44 MADHYA P. 1.45 MAHARASHTRA 97.04 TOTAL

10.000 200

Gold

100

METALS PRODUCTS

Coal

146.4

Petroleum oils, other than crude

FOSSIL FUELS PRODUCTS

0 300

300

172.9 NON-METAL PRODUCTS

389.9

Petroleum oils from crude

2022 MINERAL PRODUCTION

1970

Copper Ore

TEN MOST VALUABLE COMMODITIES 2022

½ǕƲ٪ǛǼȬȉȯɅ٪ƇǾƫ٪ƲɫȬȉȯɅ٪˚ǍɍȯƲȷ٪ǛǾƫǛƤƇɅƲ٪Ǖȉɦ India, like many other industrializing countries without their own natural oil reserves, are buying vast amounts of oil and coal to supply ǛɅ‫ى‬ȷ٪ȯǛȷǛǾǍ٪ƲƤȉǾȉǼɬ‫ؙ‬٪ƇǾƫ٪njɍdz˚dzdz٪ɅǕƲ٪ƫƲǼƇǾƫ٪njȉȯ energy from it’s citizens and businesses.

400

BIOMASS PRODUCTS 500

1960

RAJASTHAN

Lead Concentrate

FOSSIL FUELS PRODUCTS

1950

600

389.9

1965

1 %

Wollastonite

Data about the ten most valuable import and export goods show a country with a diverse and strong export economy, supplying a range of raw- and processed natural materials, as well as manufactured goods, that does not ȯƲdzɬ٪ȉǾ٪ƇǾɬ٪ȉǾƲ٪ǛɅƲǼ٪ƤƇɅƲǍȉȯɬ٪njȉȯ٪ǛɅ‫ى‬ȷ٪Ȭȯȉ˚Ʌȷ‫ؘ‬

500

NON-METALLIC MINERALS

Copper Concentrate

BIOMASS PRODUCTS

% INDIAS TOTAL MINERAL OUTPUT

2

Siliceous Earth

RESOURCE VARIETY

700

Garnet

1975 600

4

Manganese Ore

NON-METALLIC MINERALS

MINERAL STATES

5 3

½ǕƲ٪ǛǼȬȉȯɅ٪ƇǾƫ٪ƲɫȬȉȯɅ٪˚ǍɍȯƲȷ٪ǛǾƫǛƤƇɅƲ٪Ǖȉɦ India, like many other industrializing countries without their own natural oil reserves, are buying vast amounts of oil and coal to supply ǛɅ‫ى‬ȷ٪ȯǛȷǛǾǍ٪ƲƤȉǾȉǼɬ‫ؙ‬٪ƇǾƫ٪njɍdz˚dzdz٪ɅǕƲ٪ƫƲǼƇǾƫ٪njȉȯ energy from it’s citizens and businesses.

With demands increasing, as the country’s economy develops further, supplying it’s citizens with clean energy will be one of, if not the biggest challenge, the Indian economy will have to tackle in the future.

700

COMPLEX PRODUCTS

Selenite

50

Silver

40

Phosphorite

30

Zinc Concentrate

20

43

31

MINING

Lead & Zinc Ore

10

60

54

26

Limestone

Trade in Billion USD per year.

10.000.000

Iron Ore

800

DESTINATIONS TO WHERE EXPORTS ARE SHIPPED.

Billion USD

COMPLEX PRODUCTS

DESTINATIONS, FROM WHICH GOODS ARE IMPORTED.

800

1.000.000

26 20

20

%

10 BIGGEST TRADING PARTNERS FOR IMPORTS AND EXPORTS

S AL

RAJASTHAN INDIA 2022

10

1985

1.000 10.000 100.000

30 METAL ORES

LE

TS

CE

40

900

100

IL

RE

AREA / HECTARE YIELD / TON

60

30 20 10 0

M

AT

10.000

A

B

SM

EY RL

1.000

3.

A

3.

100

100.000 S

IZE

MA

10

S

RC AN

ER FIB

4.

1

E

FODD CROP ER S

2. OTHER KHARIF PULSES

IA

R CO

SWEET POTATO ER OTH

SERVICE INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE

RABI KHARIF AUTUMN SPRING HARVEST HARVEST

S L MILLET

5. SMAL

R

E ND

1. WHE

100.000.000

ED

SE

IN

M

CU

LS

1.000.000.000

IT S

EA

1.000.000

U

ER

10.000.000

1. G

UT

DN

UN

RO

S

C

1.000.000

LS E

BA

Cattle

FR

PO TA TO

COTTON

10.000.000

PU

2.

Buffalo

D

R

A ST

BI

M

U

SA

SE

2.

U

RA

70

INDONESIA

ED

M

M

Sheep

Despite the large portion of terratory covered by the Thar desert, and the prodominantly arid climate, the biggest state in India by area is incredibly agriculturally productive.

Having been settled for millenia, local communities have developed crop cycles that can cope with the heat of summer, the cold of winter and the heavy rains of the monsoon season.

While 65% of the states 342.239 km2 surface area is cultivated and the gross agricultural yields appear high, the vast majority of the farms in Rajasthan are small family operations powered with manual labor by impoverished people.

S

100.000.000

ED

Goat

IL SE

&

Poultry

IRA

SE

D

10 mio.

GDP % BY SECTOR

SINGAPORE

IN

EE

20 mio.

INDIA

BIOMASS

CHINA

1995

WOOL

ER

1. GRAM

G RU

INDIA

UAE

MILK

11%

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY

2022

LIVESTOCK

13%

O

ES

RAJASTHAN

A) ST S ME ER G TH IN O UD P CL EM NH SA

HONG KONG IRAQ

SAUDI ARABIA

YEARLY EXPORT 2022

900

NETHERLANDS BELGIUM UNITED KINGDOM

TONNES

32.89%

2. O TH

SP IC

LIVESTOCK POPULATIONS

% CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL OUTPUT

(IN

USA

Experts in global economic development believe that India will likely exceed the industrial capacity of China and become the new “factory of the world” in the future.

YEARLY IMPORT 2022

S

The incredible volume of natural resources, that India exports do not make up for the imbalance in value, but in the long term the increased productivity will enable the massive Indian workforce to improve the value of their output.

SECTOR VALUE

FOSSIL FUELS

METAL ORES

Import trends show an investing priority in acquiring assets and technologies to develop the nations economy, by improving industrial and manufacturing capacity, communication- and medical technology, to increase productivity.

D

BIOMASS

BUILDING CAPACITY.

IMPORT % of GDP

2005

Despite the sheer volume of India’s agricultural and industrial trade, the value generated in India’s economy mainly comes from it’s service sector. In 2019, it contributed 54.9% of value added to the GPD, despite the sector only representing a third of India’s workforce by employment, which is a low portion when compared to other nations in the region, both developing and industrialized.

OTHER CROPS 2019-2020

I

TONNES

9.3%

ER

SERVICE SECTOR % CONTRIBUTION TO GDP

FINANCIAL SERVICES

H OT

54.8%

24.6%

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

2015

EXPORT % of GDP

2030

METH

YEARLY EXPORT 2022

2020

2. L

2010

ES P

2000

SE OIL

25%

A

1990

100%

R

1980

11.8%

0

150%

TRANSPORT, STORAGE, COMMUNICATIONS 1.

1970

ED

OTHER SERVICES

7%

TRADE DEFICIT 2022 -151.5 billion USD$

1.000.000.000

TRADE, HOTELS RESTAURANTS

27.7%

3. TARAM

1951 1960

SEASONAL CROP YIELD 2019-2020

REAL ESTATE

1970

1

1949

JAWAR MINES

RAJASTHAN SERVICE SECTOR CONTRIBUTION BY CATEGORY

190.000 tonnes of salt produced per year.

0.01% of Indias total 26.564.386 t/year

3.

10. BRAZIL

SAMBHAR LAKE SALT LARGEST IN-LAND SALT LAKE IN INDIA

OW AR

2.090

SINDESAR KHURD MINES RAJPURA DARIBA MINE

% OF TOTAL AREA USED FOR AGRICULTURE YEARLY

2. J

9. CANADA

RAMPURA AGUCHA

PULS ES

2.170

SILVER MINING IN INDIA

OF WORKERS INVOLVED IN THE INFORMAL ECONOMY

4

Mio. ounces / year 2022

Silver mining is one of the most protable mining ventures in Rajasthan. 127 out of the 743 most productive silver mines in the world are in India, making it the 11th highest silver yielding nation globally, accountable for 4.1% of all global silver mined. The four largest silver mines in Indias are all in Rajasthan, contributing with 64% of the total yield of all silver produced in India. The mine are all located along the western Thar desert fault.

>90%

ASD

1 0

SAMBHAR LAKE

IC

8. ITALY

2000

17 Cochin Port / 32 T

150

ZAWAR MINE

5

6

5

7. FRANCE

JAIPUR a

EMPLOYMENT

09 Karaikal Port / 55 T

RAJPURA DARIBA MINE

AGRA

OF CHILDREN AGE 5-14 YEARS OLD LABOUR. ~10.1 mio. total.

TRILLION USD

12 Krishnapatnam Port / 45 T 24 Kattupalli Port / 18 T 10 Chennai Port / 51.9 T 14 Kamarajar Port / 38 T

RAMPURA AGUCHA MINE

5.5%

06 Visakhapatnam Port / 63.5 T 23 Gangavaram Port / 18.1 T

13 New Mangaluru Port / 42.1 T

KHETRI COPPER MINE CHEVRON MINE

2022

16 JSW Dharamtar Port / 34 T

100

LIMESTONE SILVER COPPER SALT

OVERALL PAY GAP BETWEEN GENDERS ON AVERAGE

60

SINDESAR KHURD MINE

INFOGRAPHICS POSTER 2

20

STATE AREA CULTIVATED 220.000 / 342.239 km

PULSE S

100

BIGGEST SILVER MINES OF INDIA IN RAJASTHAN

ED

90

GARL

3.160

80

AJW AIN

6. UK

70

SAUF (FENNEL)

3.740

60

CL O U TH D E IN RS G O GU PIU AR SE M ED )

4.309

5. INDIA

9500

50

65%

20 Mormugao Port / 26.9 T 4. GERMANY

40

4 ؎٪5

SE

10

22 Gopalpur Port / 25

19 Dighi Port / 30 T

50

4.410

14800

6400 30

BILLION USD $

21 Dhamra Port / 25 03 Paradip Port Authority / 135 T

04 Jawaharlal Nehru Port / 75.9 T

20

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

08 Mookerjee Port / 57.9 T

25 Dahej Port / 17.5 T

SHIPPING LANE

RK MARBLE

OTHERS

0

3. JAPAN

10

65%

75%

25000

20.000

05 Haldia Port / 65.7 T

07 Mumbai Port Trust / 62.8 T

BANSWARA SYNTEX

DELHI

40.000

01 MUNDRA / 150 T 02 Deendayal Port / 137 T

10

19.374

2. CHINA

INFOGRAPHICS POSTER 1

50.000

BIKAJI FOODS INTERNATIONAL LTD

BEAN

26.854

(RSWM) RAJASTHAN SPINNING & WEAVING MILLS LIMITED

CA ST OR

10.000

HINDUSTAN ZINC

AMBUJA CEMENTS

Top 5% >64380

18 Hazira Port / 30 T

1000

USA

0

AGRARIAN RAJASTHAN

(IN

1.

10

Despite the vast majority of land being arid or desert in Rajasthans, the state has and impressive agricultural output. The hot climate of Rajasthan 2 is especially well suited for the production of oilseed crops, like mustard seed, rapeseed and linseed, for which the state is responsible for 22% of all production in India. However, it is a testament to the sheer productivity of India overall that the state is not even in the top 10 of most fertile and agriculturally productive states in India, despite being the largest.

60.000

40 EXPORTS

RAILROAD

100

1.000

COMPANY EVALUATION ‘000.000 USD

80.000

66.983

BILLION USD

2022

LARGEST 5 RAJASTHAN-BASED COMPANIES (EXCLUDING MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS)

45.850

A key meteric for the continued economic development of India has been to expand it’s railway network in the most populated areas of northern India, to improve the capacity for getting export goods from the inland to the two main ports regions of Gujarat (west) and Kolkata (east).

LARGEST NATIONAL ECONOMY GLOBALLY

Despite the sizable portion of it’s workforce engaged in it the primary and secondary sector, the service portion of the state’s economy has increasingly become the main contributor to the states economy. This speaks to the lack of value in the industrial production, despite it’s volume, ans well as the increased economic output of the globally connected cities compared to the underdeveloped countryside, where subsistence farming and abject poverty is the reality for many.

% POPULATION MONTHLY INR / MONTH EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION

% GLOBAL RICE

th

Rajasthan is a resource capital of India, with a sizable but technologically undeveloped industrial economy. As the largest state in India, Rajasthan follows the urbanization trend of the nation, with 75% (as per 2011) of it’s 68 million inhabitants livung in it’s rural areas. The state is an argicultural powerhouse, with 65% of the population is directly engaged in, or indirectly dependent on, agriculture as their source of income, despite the arid climate.

DENMARK

4600

5

AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND MINING.

12.720

TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE OF INDIA

GLOBAL EXPORT ECONOMY

ECONOMY - INDUSTRY

2020 2023

2010

VEGETABLES

18

th

1980

BULGARIA

Balancing the burdens and potentials of it’s vast terratory and population have been a long struggle.

For many decades the country was free of colonial control, the country has struggled with nancing the development of it’s economic capacities, despite it’s enourmous output of goods. With a low litteracy, poor distribution infrastructure and lack of technology and equipment for advanced manufacturing, India has relied on exporting goods from it’s primary sector at low margins of prot, to pay for it’s own development.

In recent decades India has risen from half a century of stagnation, and begun it’s growth trajectory towards becoming a developed industrialized nation, nanced largely off of it’s large and protable technology and communications sector. With abundant natural resources, great food security and the largest and youngest workforces in the world, of which many are highly skilled in technology, the country is poised to continue it’s rise out of poverty.

1970

CHINA

USD / CAPITA / YEAR

India is at once both one of the largest and most powerful economies in the world, as well as one of the poorest countries per capita. Since their independence in 1947, India has moved from centralized planning, isolationism and nancial protectionism (the early Harroddomar and Mahalandobis 5-year plans), to reengaging with the global economy.

1960

4. SOYA

IMPORT, EXPORTS AND PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

1. RICE

ECONOMY - TRADE

WASTE FOR FINAL TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

100.000.000 References appended

Uffe Emil Holm Thomsen 170375

Uffe Emil Holm Thomsen 170375

INDIA

23/24

UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

PHASE REASERCH

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ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES HEATWAVES

FLOODS

DROUGHT NORMALIZED VULNERABILITY INDEX: DROUGHT

SOURCE: HTTPS://IMDPUNE.GOV.IN/HAZARDATLAS/HEATNEW.HTML

PERMANENTLY ALTERED

UNAVOIDABLE CONSEQUENCE - REQUIRES ADAPTATION.

HIGH AMOUNT OF RAINFALL IMPROVING LANDSCAPE WATER STORAGE CAPACITY.

LOSS OF SOIL BIO-

INCREASED VULNERABILITY AGAINST SCOURING.

SOURCE:

SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.DOWNTOEARTH.ORG.IN/NEWS/ENVIRONMENT/INDIA-SHOULDBRACE-FOR-DRY-AND-HOT-SPRING-SUMMER-EL-NINO-SAY-EXPERTS-87755

AEE

INDIA

23/24

UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

SOURCE: VOX .COM / CDC

HTTPS://EDITION.CNN.COM/2023/04/20/ASIA/INDIA-HEAT-WAVE-DEVELOPMENTCLIMATE-INTL-HNK/INDEX .HTML

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HEATWAVES

UNDERSTANDING THE THREAT

DEFINITION: As per IMD definition, a heatwave is when the temperature of any place crosses 40 degrees Celsius in the plains, 37 degrees in coastal areas, and 30 degrees in the hills. It also declares a heatwave when a place registers a maximum temperature that is 4.5 to 6.4 degrees Celsius more than the normal temperature for the area for that day, and a severe heatwave if this temperature is over 6.4 degrees.

SOURCE:

INDIA The country reported 280 heat wave days from March 11-May 18, 2022 — the highest in 12 years, it said. While IMD releases heatwave days for individual states every year, the book has added them up to reach the India figure. This has been done to make the numbers comparable. For example: In 2011, heatwaves were reported in Andhra Pradesh (8), Rajasthan (7), Punjab (6), Haryana and Tamil Nadu (3 each), Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh (2 each), and Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Maharashtra and West Bengal (1 each). They add to 40 heatwave days for India.

HTTPS://WEATHER.COM/EN-IN/INDIA/NEWS/NEWS/2022-04-26-RAJASTHANAND-MADHYA-PRADESH-SUFFERED-THE-MOST-THIS-SUMMER SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.DOWNTOEARTH.ORG.IN/NEWS/CLIMATE-CHANGE/STATE-OF-INDIAS-ENVIRONMENT-IN-FIGURES-INDIA-RECORDED-280-HEAT-WAVE-DAYS-ACROSS16-STATES-IN-2022-MOST-IN-DECADE-83131

RAJASTHAN The early onset of the heatwave in the desert State this March — the hottest in 122 years since the India Meteorological Department started maintaining records — has threatened wildlife, taken a toll on the quality of crops, caused the water level in dams to plummet and affected rural employment

SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.THEHINDU.COM/NEWS/NATIONAL/RAJASTHAN-REELS-UNDERRELENTLESS-HEATWAVE/ARTICLE65512291.ECE

Long-term projections indicate that Indian heat waves could cross the survivability limit for a healthy human resting in the shade by 2050.

SOURCE: HTTPS://EDITION.CNN.COM/2023/04/20/ASIA/INDIA-HEAT-WAVE-DEVELOPMENTCLIMATE-INTL-HNK/INDEX .HTML

JAIPUR The connection between Rajasthan with severe heat conditions is not new. But what is new is the change in the number of days with extreme heat conditions. The city recorded the maximum temperature of 43°C in both April 2021 and April 2022. However, the number of days experiencing this weather surged to 26 in 2022, as compared to 11 days in 2021.

SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.DECCANHERALD.COM/INDIA/10-CITIES-SAW-HARSHERHEATWAVE-IN-2022-COMPARED-TO-LAST-YEAR-1117028.HTML

With changing weather patterns and rising extremities every season, a recent study has found that India saw a 55% increase in deaths due to extreme heat between 2000-2004 and 2017-2021.

SOURCE: IMD - INDIA METEROLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 2022

AEE

INDIA

23/24

UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

RAJASTHAN Five states accounted for 54 per cent of the heat waves this year.

These were Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat and Haryana, according to SoE in figures, 2022.

Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir — all in the Himalayan regions — have been unusually warm this year, according to the e-book.

HP recorded 27 heat wave days, Rajasthan 39 and Madhya Pradesh 38.

Exposure to extreme heat affects health directly, exacerbating underlying conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and causing heat stroke, adverse pregnancy outcomes, worsened sleep patterns, poor mental health, and increased injury-related death,” the study noted, adding that vulnerable populations were most at risk.

SOURCE:

SOURCE:

HTTPS://WWW.DOWNTOEARTH.ORG.IN/NEWS/CLIMATE-CHANGE/STATE-OF-INDIAS-ENVIRONMENT-IN-FIGURES-INDIA-RECORDED-280-HEAT-WAVE-DAYS-ACROSS16-STATES-IN-2022-MOST-IN-DECADE-83131

HTTPS://WWW.LIVEMINT.COM/NEWS/INDIA/LETHAL-HEATWAVE-MORE-INDIANSARE-DYING-DUE-TO-HIGH-TEMPERATURE-11666778785596.HTML

The early onset of the heatwave in the desert State this March — the hottest in 122 years since the India Meteorological Department started maintaining records — has threatened wildlife, taken a toll on the quality of crops, caused the water level in dams to plummet and affected rural employment.

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ADAPTATIONS

MITIGATING HEATGAIN

OTLA

STONE ARCHITECTURE

JAALI

A widely used concept in medieval cities in general, but in particular in the northwestern part of India, near the Thar desert, in cities like Ahmedabad, Jaisalmer, Udaipur and Jaipur, the “otla” is the porchlike semiprivate threshold cavity space, in-between the interior of a dwelling and the narrow street. Usually the plinth is raised, to seperate the space from the flow of water and refuse in the street gutter.

Rajasthan’s traditional stone architecture stands as a testament to the region’s climatic wisdom, seamlessly blending aesthetics with environmental responsiveness. The classical havelis, exemplifying this architectural heritage, courtyards serve as havens of indirect light and natural ventilation. In cities like Jaipur, where population density is high, these courtyards act as central open spaces, allowing residents to experience the benefits of natural light and airflow. This design not only enhances the comfort of living spaces but also showcases the adaptability of Rajasthan’s architecture to its arid climate.

“Jaali manages to cut down on direct sun and thereby the heat ingress.

It also allows movement of air for cross breeze and ventilation. Jaali breaks down total square metre of consolidated aperture area of a typical window into number of small holes. The holes are nearly of the same size or often smaller than the thickness of the material it is built with. This means each void is a cubical proportion of height equal to depth, protecting ingress of direct sunrays and haze as well as glare associated with it, for most of the sun angle through the day and across seasons.”

Architect Yatin Pandya

SOURCE: HTTPS://BERKELEYPRIZE.ORG/ENDOWMENT/THE-RESERVE?ID=15

AEE

SOURCE:

SOURCE:

AUTHOR

AUTHOR

SOURCE:

SOURCE:

SOURCE:

HTTPS://BERKELEYPRIZE.ORG/ENDOWMENT/THE-RESERVE?ID=15

HTTPS://THEHAVELIPROJECT.BLOGSPOT.COM/P/DOCUMENTATION.HTML

WWW.INDIAMART.COM/PRODDETAIL/TERACOTTA-CLAY-JALI-24374932030.HTML

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TECTONICS

DESERT DIURNAL CYCLE

THERMAL MASS EVEN OUT DIURNAL FLUCTUATIONS

In traditional vernacular architecture from the region, recessed dwelling spaces and thick structural stone walls and limestone plaster render were utilized to work with the large temperature desparaties between the day and night in the desert, instead of against them.

By having large amounts of thermal mass to slowly soak the heat from the sun during the day, and dissapate/ release the heat back out again at night, into the surrounding spaces inside and around the building, architecture effectively mitigated the heat of the desert by evening out/flattening the curve.

DAWN

DAWNDAWN

MIDDAY

MIDDAY MIDDAY

DUSK

DUSKDUSK

40 C

Experience with the thermal performance of different soil combinations used in render, aswell as the optimal thickness required to fend of the worst heat, and still gain the benefit of heating at night live in the memory C knowledge of local builders and craftsmen, but could be simulated based on detailed measurements 40and C 40 tacit of material properties.

30 C

30 C 30 C

DAWN

MIDDAY

DUSK

40 C

20 C

20 C 20 C IDEAL

30 C

IDEALIDEAL

10 C 10 C

10 C 20 C

0C

0C

IDEAL

0C

10 C

-10 C

0C

-10 C -10 C

TIME

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

DHUN LIFE PROJECT: 50 KM AND BEYOND.

TEMPERATURE

SOURCE:

TEMPERATURE

-10 C

TIME TIME

TIME

MASSMASS THERMAL DIURNAL CYCLE DIURNAL DIURNAL CYCLE HEATWAVE CYCLE HEATWAVE HEATWAVE THERMAL MASSTHERMAL ADAPTATION TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE INCREASED INCREASED INCREASED ADAPTATION ADAPTATION FLATTENING FLATTENING FLATTENING FLUCTUATIONS FLUCTUATIONS FLUCTUATIONS THERMAL LOAD THERMAL THERMAL LOADLOAD THERMAL MASS DIURNAL CYCLE HEATWAVE THE CURVE THE CURVE THE CURVE TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS

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INCREASED THERMAL LOAD

ADAPTATION FLATTENING THE CURVE

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IMPACT

POWER CONSUMPTION

India’s future development holds immense promise and challenges, shaped by its current trajectory and global positioning. As one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, India is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the global landscape. However, this growth comes with increased energy demands, triggering a surge in power consumption. The nation’s aspirations for a better life for its people, driven by a burgeoning population and a youthful workforce, are legitimate and underscored by a commitment to socio-economic progress. As India navigates its development journey, balancing economic growth with sustainable practices becomes imperative.

INDUSTRY (42%) TRACTION AND RAILWAYS (2%) COMMERCIAL (8%) DOMESTIC (24%) AGRICULTURE (18%) OTHERS (6%)

COAL (52%) NUCLEAR (2%) HYDROPOWER (12%) RE SOURCES (26%)

1200 1000 800 600 400

SOURCE: AUTHOR

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38 1 1.

38 9 1.

37 6 1.

30 8 1.

1400

1.

24

1

OTHER FOSSIL FUELS (8%)

12% 10% 8%

NUCLEAR (2%)

6%

RE GENERATION

4%

200

2%

0

0%

% SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE: (Qarnain, Muthuvel, and Sankaranarayanan 2021)

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03

PROTOTYPE PRELIMINARY TESTING / OVERVIEW

HAVELI - DHUN - 12.12.23

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01

VENTURI-VENTILATION WEATHERBALLON

03

MINIATURE SOIL FACTORY

05

ADAPTIVE INSULATION TILES

02

PASSIVE RADIATIVE COOLING

04

ATMOSPHERIC WATER HARVESTING

06

MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITE AIR-FILTERS

RIC WATE PHE RH OS A TM

TER ES RV

MOB ILE A

RERUN FROM 2022/23

PR

OJ

E CT

D R A G O N F LY - C A

PU

NG

INITIAL IDEATION AEE

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FUNGI FIBERS

MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITES (MBC)

TOTAL WEIGHT: 120g

While mycelium was initially investigated as a replacement for disposable packaging materials like cardboard, styrofoam, and other plastics, its thermal- and mechanical properties have garnered much attention as a building material.

Retrofitting building envelopes with layers of additional insulating materials for existing architecture is known to be a strategy for providing protection against the direct threat of heatwaves and improving thermal performance/energy efficiency.

The development of MBCs for use as insulation materials represents a potential path towards a biogenic material for such applications.

MBC RECIPE: 100g

SPAWN-TO-WEIGHT RATIO

TOTAL WEIGHT: 120g 50% (50g) Upper limit

20% (20g) Lower limit

SUBSTRATE 65g Including supplements

3% (3g) Lower limit WATER 45g SOURCE: ADRIEN RIGOBELLO

(70% substrate weight)

OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE GROWTH CONDITIONS FOR FUNGI

While MBCs are yet to become as efficient as other oil or mineral-based engineered insulation materials available today, in terms of thermal performance, the ecological aspects of the material are far superior to most other materials that are commonly used in contemporary buildings.

While the literature on compressive and tensile strength, as well as thermal performance, is still being explored, studies done so far indicate that MBCs can reach the efficiency of mineral-wool products, with better stiffness.

MBCs are grown from lignocellulosic by-products, such as sawdust and straw from forestry and agriculture industries, colonized by the chitinous fungal hyphae fibers that form the network structures of mycelium. Spawn and substrate are the 2 main constituting elements in MBCs[13] with supplementation as a situational/optional 3rd component.

AD M RA VA YCE TE NC LI OF E UM

Mycelium spawn refers to a monocultural isolate of a single fungi species – most often done in a sterilized food source, such as cereal grains (also called grain spawn). Substrate refers to the lignocellulosic element of the MBC – the growth medium that is colonized by dispersed ligninolotic fungi mycelium. The type of substrate plays a key role in determining the strength characteristics of the cultivated MBC. Supplementation cover additives that help cover/boost the nutrition requirements of specific fungi in certain substrates, regulate humidity, and/or help prevent contamination.

SOURCE: MACIEJ SYDOR ET AL., “FUNGI IN MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITES: USAGE AND RECOMMENDATIONS,” MATERIALS 15, NO. 18 (SEPTEMBER 9, 2022): 6283, HT TPS://DOI.ORG/10.3390/MA15186283.

COMBINATIONS OF SUBSTRATES AND FUNGUS SPECIES USED IN SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS.

MYCELIUM RATE OF ADVANCE

BEST GROWTH PER KILOWATT OPTIMAL GROWTH ZONE

The properties of MBCs are determined by the growth TEMPERATURE ( C) quality of the fungi species/substrate composition, along with supplementation, and managing the environmental conditions for mycelium growth, to get a material with the required mechanical properties. Properties such as weight, surface structure, compressive and tensile strength all depend on substrate properties, fungi species, and growth quality.

O

-20

-10

0OC

10

20

30

40

60

70

80

90

38

THERMOTOLERANT

25

MESOPHILIC

PSYCHROTOLERANT

50

45

THERMOPHILIC

PSYCHROPHILIC

SOURCE:

MYCELIUM DIE-OFF MAX.

WATER SOLIDIFIES MINIMUM

15 20 23

[GL] GANODERMA LUCIDUM / REISHI

22-24

[PO] PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS / OYSTER

REFERENCE RECIPE FOR MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITE PRODUCTION

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STATE-OF-THE-ART

AEE

HI-FY PAVILION, MOMA 2014

HI-FY PAVILION, ETH ZURICH 2017

IN VIVO, VENICE BIENNALE 2023

FREE-STANDING STRUCTURE WITH INTERNAL BRACING

SELF-SUPPORTING STRUCTURE WITH EMBEDDED TENSILE SUPPORT

LARGE CLADDING ELEMENTS HANGING BY OWN STRENGTH

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SOURCE:

SOURCE:

SOURCE:

HTTPS://URBANNEXT.NET/HY-FI/

HTTPS://WWW.WORLD-ARCHITECTS.COM/EN/ ARCHITECTURE-NEWS/WORKS/MYCOTREE

HTTPS://WWW.BELGIANPAVILION.BE/EN/PROJECTS/BELGIAN-PAVILION-2023

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STATE-OF-THE-ART

COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE INSULATION MATERIALS COMPARED

MATERIAL

DENSITY [kg/m3]

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY [W/m K]

SPECIFIC HEAT [kJ/kg K]

COMPRESSIVE RESISTANCE [kPa]

Stone wool Glass wool Expanded clay Vermiculite Perlite EPS XPS PUR Wood fibers Compacted Wood fibers Mineralized Wood Fibers Cork Cellulose Straw bale Hemp Flax Sheep Wool Recycled PET Aerogel VIPs

35–130 12–64 245–275 170 139–166 15–30 24–38 31.5–35 30–60 110–250 420–520 80–115 30–80 100–109 38–41 30–40 30 12–100 150–220 180–250

0.33–0.40 0.31–0.45 0.095–0.12 0.062–0.090 0.040–0.055 0.031–0.037 0.031–0.036 0.022–0.040 0.037–0.038 0.047–0.08 0.070–0.10 0.04–0.050 0.037–0.042 0.038–0.067 0.038–0.060 0.038–0.042 0.033 0.039 0.015–0.028 0.02

0.85–1.0 ≈0.85 ≈1.0 0.8–1.0 0.9–1.0 1.25 1.3–1.7 1.3–1.45 1.9–2.1 2.1 1.8–2.1 1.5–1.7 1.3–2.0 0.6 1.6–1.7 1.4–1.6 1.9–2.0 0.24 1.05 -

50 50 50 250–500 150 40–300 > 200 -

Mycelium-flax - a Mycelium-hemp - b Mycelium-straw - c

135 99 94

0.058 0.040 0.042

-

0

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500 0

SOURCE

0.1

0.2 0

-

1

2 0

1 ELISE ELSACKER E T AL ., “ MECHANICAL, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHAR ACTERISATION OF MYCELIUM-BASED COMP OSITES WITH DIFFERENT T YPES OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC SUBSTR ATES,” ED. DENIZ AYDEMIR, PLOS ONE 14, NO. 7 (JULY 22, 2019) : E021395 4, HT TP S://DOI.ORG/ 10.13 7 1/JOURNAL .

P ONE.021395 4.

2 GIANLUCA GR A ZIESCHI, FR ANCESCO ASDRUBALI, AND GUILHEM THOMAS, “ EMBODIED ENERGY AND CARBON OF BUILDING INSUL ATING MATERIALS: A CRITICAL RE VIE W,” CLE ANER ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 2 (JUNE 2021) : 100032, HT TP S://DOI. ORG/ 10.1016/J.CESYS.2021.100032.

250

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TROPHIC LEVELS

THE ROLE OF MUSHROOMS IN THE FOODWEB

Fungi are classified into 4 digestive categories, based on whether they get food from decomposing dead organic matter (Saprotrophs), exchange nutrients with host organism in a mutually benefitial relationship (Mycorrhizae), extort nutrition from their host organism in a hostile manner (Parasites) or live off host organisms in less clearly defined symbiotic relations (Endophytes).

Mushrooms and mycelium play a crucial role in ecosystems, serving as unsung heroes that contribute to the balance and vitality of various environments. Mycelium, the intricate network of thread-like structures that make up the vegetative part of fungi, acts as nature’s silent architect, forming symbiotic relationships with plants and trees.

This mycorrhizal association enhances nutrient absorption, aiding in the transfer of essential minerals like phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil to the host plants. In addition to their mycorrhizal functions, mushrooms also function as decomposers, breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients. This decomposition process not only cleanses the environment but also releases vital nutrients back into the soil, facilitating the growth of other vegetation.

Furthermore, mushrooms serve as a food source for numerous organisms, forming a critical link in the trophic levels of metabolism. In essence, the intricate dance between mushrooms, mycelium, and other organisms establishes a delicate balance that sustains the health and biodiversity of ecosystems worldwide. Understanding and appreciating the importance of these fungal components is fundamental to the overall well-being of our planet.

LEVEL 1 PHOTOSYNTHESIZERS: Plant leafs, plantroots, plant shoots.

MICROBIAL BEDROCK: Organic matter, humus, waste, residue, metabolites from plants, animals and microbes.

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

LEVEL 4

DECOMPOSERS AND ROOT FEEDERS: Mutualist micro-organisms, pathogens, parasites, nematodes root feeding bacteria, bacteria.

SHREDDERS, GRAZERS, AND MICRO-PREDATORS: Protozoa, amoebae, flagellates, ciliates, predatorial microbes, nematodes (worms), fungal and bacterial feeders, arthropod shredders.

PREDATORS: Predatory arthropods, predatory nematodes.

FUNGI: Mycorrhizal fungi Saprophytic fungi

LEVEL 5 INTERMEDIARY PREDATORS Birds, insects, foraging/ground feeding mammals,

LEVEL 6 APEX PREDATORS (MEGAFAUNA) Predatory birds, predatory mammals,

CRUCIAL FOR BIO-AVAILABILITY OF MINERAL NUTRIENTS TO HIGHER LEVEL ORGANISMS.

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MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITE PRODUCTION CYCLUS H²O

PREPARATION

GROWTH 1

GROWTH 2

GROWTH 3

GROWTH 4

IMPLIMENTATION

DISPOSAL

GROW SUBSTRATE

PLATE PREP

FORAGE

CULTURE

GRAIN SPAWN PROPERGATION

SUBSTRATE PREP

INOCULATE

MOLDING ELEMENTS

HARVEST BUILDING ELEMENT

USE IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT

RECYCLE BUILDING ELEMENT

90 DAYS

1 DAY

1 DAY

4-7 DAYS

4-7 DAYS

1 DAY

14-21 DAYS

1 DAY

1 DAY

6 WEEKS - 20 YEARS*

1 DAY

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

HARVEST GRAIN AND STRAW

MIX MAE FORMULA

FORAGE MYCELIUM SAMPLES

INOCULATE MAE / LIQUID CULTURE

PASTURIZE SPAWN GRAIN

SHRED SUBSTRATE

INOCULATE SUBSTRATE WITH SPAWN

MOLD INOCULATED SUBSTRATE COLONY

EXTRACT ELEMENT

INSTALL IN BUILDINGS

REMOVE FROM BUILDING

AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE (STRAW)

PASTURIZE AND POUR AGAR PLATES

INOCULATE SPAWN GRAIN WITH CULTURE

DISINFECT SUBSTRATE

SEAL IN FILTERED CONTAINER

INCUBATE

HEAT TREAT

MBC USE IN BUILDING

COMPOST

MIX

DRAIN / DRY

INCUBATE

EXTRACT ELEMENT

SURFACE TREATMENT

BREAK UP MYCELIUM

BREAK UP MYCELIUM

PROPERGATE

EXTRACT MYCELIUM SAMPLE BIOPSI

CEREAL GRAINS

DISTRIBUTE

STERILE

REPEAT STEP TO INCREASE SAMPLE PURITY

INCUBATE

STERILE

REPEAT STEP TO INCREASE COLONY MASS

TARGET OF INVESTIGATION.

?

H²O

25°C

100°C

STERILE

STORE FOR LATER USE

ORE ATER SE

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KADK BIO-LAB HIGH TECH PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

FREEZER

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AUTOCLAVE

UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

LAMINAR FLOW HOOD

INCUBATOR

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MBC PRODUCTION

FAMILIARIZATION WITH NORMAL MBC PRODUCTION PROCEEDURES

MEASURING OUT WATER

DOUBLE-BAG SEALING TO RETAIN STERILITY DURING AUTOCLAVE

MEASURING OUT MYCELIUM SPAWN - HERE REISHI (GL)

MEASURING SUBSTRATE WEIGHT

PACKING AUTOCLAVE WITH SUBSTRATE BAGS

MIXING COIR FIBER WITH MYCELIUM - HERE SCRAPPED OYSTER (PE)

HEAT SEALING SUBSTRATE + WATER FOR AUTOCLAVING

RUNNING AUTOCLAVE CYCLE - 2 HOURS / VACCUME + 200 O C

CLOSEUP OF REISHI-COIR FIBER MBC AFTER 14 DAYS

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MBC PRODUCTION

TESTING LOW-TECH PROCEEDURE WITH DISCARDED MYCELIUM COLONIES FROM LOCAL FUNGI FARM “BYGAARD” AND COLD-WATER STERILIZATION.

DUMPSTER FOR DISPOSING “FRUITED” MYCELIUM COLONIES

MIXING WATER AND CALCIUM-HYDROXIDE

CLOSEUP OF COLONIZATION AFTER 14 DAYS

GROWTH TRAYS FROM THE INCUBATION ROOM OF “BYGAARD” FARM

COLD-WATER STERILIZATION OF SUBSTRATE - IN THIS CASE STRAW

BREAKUP OF COLONY FOR TILING

MYCELIUM MASS EXTRACTED FROM BELOW MYCELIUM SURFACE

MIXING STRAW WITH MYCELIUM SAMPLES - HERE GREY OYSTER

CUTTING UP STRAW FOR DENSER AND MORE MANAGABLE STRUCTURE

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MYCOLOGY TRAINING IN RELEVANT TECHNIQUES

INITIAL TESTING

TEST 1 BIRCHWOOD SAWDUST BLACK TEA WASTE + REISHI TEST 2 - MYCELIUM PROPAGATION

TEST 3 COIR FIBER + REISHI

TEST 3 - CONTAMINATION CLOSEUP asd

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TEST GROWTH

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COLD-WATER STERILIZATION

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EVALUATING THE GROWTH OF THE FIRST TEST TILES

INITIAL TESTING

CLOSEUPS OF RANGE OF SAMPLES

RANGE OF FIRST SAMPLES

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HYPOTHESIS CAN MYCELIUM-BASED COMPOSITES MADE FROM LOCAL AGRICULTURAL WASTE BE A SCALABLE WAY OF PRODUCING INSULATION PANELS, TO REDUCE HEAT ACCUMULATION IN BUILDINGS?

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IDEAS

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DEVELOPMENT

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FUNCTIONS

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DESIGN

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FUNCTIONS CHAMBER

PRODUCTION

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BIO-REACTOR

BIO-TECHNOLOGY / AESTHETICS OF PRODUCTION

CO-CREATION / COHABBITATION

RHIZOMORPHIC MYCELIUM EXPLORATION

Working with mycelium demands a willingness to let go of urge to control the process. Co-creating with a another species to produce an architectural element is an environmental dialogue, between a host and a guest organism.

HYPHAE

MYCELIUM SAMPLE

Having a pre-defined goal as a criteria for succes is difficult, by the dynamics of the experiment, and relies heavily on experience.

SOURCE: GROWFOLK .CO. ZA

BIO [LOGIC]

SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES

“THE AMBER FORT JALIS” 1727

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COLLABORATORS

EXPERTS IN TECHNOLOGY, CULTIVATION AND SITE

ADRIEN RIGOBELLO

NINA ELLINGER

Research Assistant, Ph.D CITA kglakademi

Head of office, India (retired) DanChurch Aid

Mycelium and mycotecture researcher.

Experienced mycelium cultivator.

10 years of experience with foreign development projects in India, collaborating with local Indian NGOs. Dalit rights expert.

ROLE: Mycology training.

Scientific advisor.

Prototype design feedback.

ROLE: Hypothesis development and sparring.

Insight into India.

MALAVI YA

MALAVI YA

Mycelium and mycotecture researcher.

Experienced mycelium cultivator.

STITUTE OF T EC L IN A HN N IO

AIPUR YJ OG OL

NA T

Urban agriculture company.

Copenhagen Denmark.

STITUTE OF T EC L IN A HN N IO

AIPUR YJ OG OL

NA T

BYGAARD

ROLE: Donating mycelium for pre-testing.

[CSE] Center for Science and Environment National NGO, India.

Intersection between national/regional climate monitoring and reporting and sustainable economic development. Owners of “Down-to-Earth” blog. Political advocacy.

JAIPUR MUSHROOM FARM MALAVI YA

MALAVI YA

Local mushroom grower, cultivating local mycelium.

NA T

Mushroom farm.

STITUTE OF T EC L IN A HN N IO

AIPUR YJ OG OL

STITUTE OF T EC L IN A HN N IO

AIPUR YJ OG OL

NA T

ROLE: Hypothesis development and sparring.

MNIT JAIPUR

Department of Architecture and Planning Specific knowledge and hands own experience with local conditions, strains and cultivation methodologies, as well as cultural implications.

ROLE: Mycelium supplier.

ROLE: Feedback / insight in local mycology

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05

PLANNING TIMELINE & BUDGET

HAVELI GATE - DHUN - 26.11.23

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LED-CONTROLS FOR PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

OVERVIEW COMPONENT DIAGRAM

HEPA AIR FILTER SUBSTRATE TREATMENT CHAMBER

SLIDING BRACKETS

[GL]

MYCELIUM BIO-REACTOR (3 Species) + INOCULATION STILL-AIR WORKING CHAMBER

[PO]

MYCELIUM TILE INCUBATION CHAMBERS (3 levels of testing) 1: LAB 2: MIN.TECH / LO-TEK 3: NO TECH / CONTROL

LEDS

[1]

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[2]

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TIMELINE 25 Sep - 01 Oct M

T

W

T

F

02 Oct - 08 Oct S

S

M

T

W

T

F

TESTING AT KADK + DHUN

09 Oct - 15 Oct S

S

M

T

W

T

F

16 Oct - 22 Oct S

S

M

T

W

T

F

23 Oct - 29 Oct S

S

M

T

W

T

F

30 Oct - 05 Nov S

S

M

T

W

T

F

06 Nov - 12 Nov S

S

M

T

W

T

F

13 Nov - 19 Nov S

S

M

T

W

T

F

20 Nov - 26 Nov S

S

M

T

W

T

F

27 Nov - 03 Dec S

S

M

T

W

T

F

04 Dec - 10 Dec S

S

M

T

W

T

F

11 Dec - 17 Dec S

S

M

T

W

T

F

18 S

S

M

Acquire spawn + substrate Mycology training Inoculation 01 Incubate MBC mix Breakdown + mold Incubate molds Harvest tiles + test performance DATE-OF-DEPARTURE DHUN Design molds Produce molds + testing requirements Design prototype Prototype production Packing DATE-OF-DEPARTURE DHUN Assembly Inoculation Growth + testing Site analysis and program development FLIGHT HOME

PRELIMINARY TESTING KADK

FIELDWORK DHUN

TILE PRODUCTION AND TREATMENT TESTS

TILE DEVELOPMENT

PRODUCTION OF TILES FROM JAIPUR MYCELIUM.

Reishi spawn Birchwood fiber + black tea waste Controlled conditions

3d modelling and testing of tile.

Mycelium colonized produced in mushroom farming is discarded after harvest.

Collected mycelium mass from local mushroom farms is used, in order to reach a testable tile, within the period of our visit to DHUN.

Parameters: Thickness / thermal performance.

Optimizing surface area for inoculation speed.

Alt. / Addition.: Mycelium waste from bygaarden.

Tests: Surface treatments / water resistance / thermal performance

Tests: Simulations.

With the collected mycelium colonies, different substrate types wil be tested for their viability and performance as parts of mycelium composites.

Additionally, different degrees of environmental control will be a test parameter, so investigate the viability of low-tech mycelium composite material production.

PROPERGATING LOCAL STRAINS OF MYCELIUM FORAGED AT DHUN IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. Due to the timeframe required to propergate mycelium samples, it is not possible to produce tile samples from foraged native mycelium within the duration of our stay in DHUN. As the prototype will be left behind, there is a possiblity to leave further testing in the hands of the DHUN team (if they are interested).

In this way I will be able to include data from native strains in my 4th semester work.

TESTS: SUBSTRATE, TILE QUALITY, SURFACE FINISH.

Local strains are likely to be medicinal/gourment mushroom strains.

Not necessarily native?

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TESTS: SUBSTRATE, TILE QUALITY, SURFACE FINISH.

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PLANNING

BUDGET

TOTAL COSTS AEE

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18.420 DKK PHASE REASERCH

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06

FIELDWORK ASSEMBLY & TESTING

DHUN - ANTILOPES IN THE FIELD - 06.12.23

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VENTILATION PVC-TUBE CONNECTION STUD MOUNTED TO TRAY

GLOVE MOUNTING BRACKETS + O-RING

LATE NIGHTS WITH LIGHT INSTALLATION

STILL-AIR CHAMBER COLONY CHAMBERS + ALUMINUM RIDGE

STILL-AIR CHAMBER COLONY CHAMBERS + ALUMINUM RIDGE

LATE NIGHTS WITH LIGHT INSTALLATION

ALUMINUM RIDGE ATTACHMENT

INSTALLING HIGH-PERFORMANCE INSULATION FOR LAB-TRAY

ASSEMBLY AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

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LED FITTING

CHAMBER LID HINGE + CROSS STABILIZING CORD

LED LAMP ARRAYS

STILL-AIR CHAMBER GLOVES

HEPA-FILTER FOR LAB-TRAY

AIRFLOW CONTROLLER

CABLE MANAGEMENT (OR LACK THEREOF)

DETAILS AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

BASE OF THE STILL-AIR CHAMBER

HEPA AIR-FLOW FAN

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SUBSTRATE COLLECTION

MUSTARD SEED RESIDUE (STRAW)

MILLET RESIDUE (STRAW)

AEE

INDIA

23/24

UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

PHASE REASERCH

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COLD WATER STERILIZATION WITH CALCIUM HYDROXIDE

TREATMENT AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

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SAMPLE GROWTH

AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

3 INCUBATORS TRAYS

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SUB COMPONENTS AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

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ASSEMBLY

AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

TESTING SUBSTRATE

PHASE REASERCH

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Test 1:Test 1: Test 1: Inoculator 01: Control Inoculator 01: Inoculator Control 01: Control

TESTING

Test 2:Test 2: Test 2: Inoculator 03: Lab Inoculator 03: Inoculator Lab 03: Lab

CLIMATIC CONTROL INITIAL INCUBATION INITIAL INITIAL INCUBATION INCUBATION INOCULATION INOCULATION INOCULATION IN TENT IN TENT IN TENT

INCUBATORS 1, 2 AND 3 AFTER INOCULATION

TEMP. TEMP. TEMP.

INCUBATOR 03:03: INCUBATOR INCUBATOR 03: CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL

LOGGER 01:01: LOGGER LOGGER INCUBATOR INCUBATOR INCUBATOR 01: READOUT LAB READOUT READOUT LAB LAB

INCUBATOR 02:02: INCUBATOR INCUBATOR 02:LOGGER LOGGER LOGGER LOW-TECH LOW-TECH LOW-TECH READOUT READOUT READOUT

RH% RH% RH%

27.11.2023 26.11.2023 28.11.2023 29.11.2023 30.11.2023 01.12.2023 02.12.2023 03.12.2023 04.12.2023 05.12.2023 06.12.2023 07.12.2023 08.12.2023 08.12.2023 09.12.2023 10.12.2023 11.12.2023 27.11.2023 27.11.2023 26.11.2023 26.11.2023 11.12.2023 11.12.2023 28.11.2023 28.11.2023 29.11.2023 29.11.2023 30.11.2023 30.11.2023 01.12.2023 01.12.2023 02.12.2023 02.12.2023 03.12.2023 03.12.2023 04.12.2023 04.12.2023 05.12.2023 05.12.2023 06.12.2023 06.12.2023 07.12.2023 07.12.2023 08.12.2023 08.12.2023 08.12.2023 08.12.2023 09.12.2023 09.12.2023 10.12.2023 10.12.2023 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00 00:00:00

50°C 50°C 50°C

100% 100% 100% 90% 90% 90%

40°C 40°C 40°C

80% 80% 80%

38.8°C 38.8°C38.8°C

70% 70% 70% 30°C 30°C OPTIMAL 30°C OPTIMAL OPTIMAL

60% 60% 60%

GROWTH GROWTH GROWTH TEMPERATURE. TEMPERATURE. TEMPERATURE.

50% 50% 50% 40% 40% 40%

20°C 20°C 20°C

30% 30% 30% 10°C 10°C 10°C

20% 20% 20%

6.9°C 6.9°C 6.9°C

10% 10% 10%

0°C 0°C0°C

0% 0%0% HOBO-DATALOGGERS

INCUBATORS 1, 2 AND 3 DURING THE DAY - SUN COVER REMOVED

TRAY FROM BELOW, UNINSULATED

TRAY, UNLOADED

AEE

The goal was to monitor the environmental conditions in multiple incubators simultaneously with the HOBO dataloggers, but one of the two borrowed HOBO sensors was found to be damaged, when I tried to set it up after arriving in India. Data from the HOBO loggers shows that the tile molds were only in their optimal growth temperature zone for 40.1% of the growth time. The growth progress of [GL] based MBC colonies is known to be around 4 to 7 days with similar spawn-to-substrate concentration ratios in optimal temperature conditions. This indicates that the overall speed of MBC production was somewhere between 1.5 and 2 times slower than normal, in the winterseason environmental conditions, at a fraction of the cost of the equipment.

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

LAB CHAMBER GROWTH AFTER 12 DAYS

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07

FINDINGS RESULTS & OBSERVATIONS

DHUN - MYCELIUM SAMPLE 1.4 - REISHI + MUSTARD SEED STRAW - 15.12.23

AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

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RESULTS INCUBATOR 1 Control

INCUBATOR 2 Low-tech

INCUBATOR 3 Lab

AEE

INDIA

MILLET OYSTER

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

MUSTARD OYSTER

MILLET REISHI

MUSTARD REISHI

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TILES AIR HOLES

TILE MOLD CONTAINER WITH - OYSTER / MILLET STRAW

MOISTURE LEVELS WERE MEASURED TO EVALUATE WATER LOSS

MUSTARD SEED STRAW + REISHI SAMPLE

AEE

INDIA

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MILLET + REISHI SAMPLE

UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

PHASE REASERCH

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COLONY CONTAINERS Climatic control a

STILL-AIR CHAMBER CONTAINER

N/A

WORKING IN STILL-AIR CHAMBER

AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

PHASE REASERCH

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CONCLUSION AEE

INDIA

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FUTURE PROSPECTS OF MBCs UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

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08

REFLECTIONS FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

DHUN - MORNING FOG OVER BEAN FIELD - 13.12.23

AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

PHASE REASERCH

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RECEPTION

REFLECTIONS OF POTENTIALS - Collaborations with locals.

- SCP conclusion.

- The test demonstrates that it is feasible.

- Potentials were recognized and the project was met with appriciation.

AEE

INDIA

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UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

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INTERVIEWS

“Nowadays, everything is new, modern styles. “In Rajasthan, Jaipur, we have all seasons.

Everyone is going for the glass buildings, and There is rain, there is winter, there is summer. those actually don’t work in Rajasthan ” We have to fight with all seasons.”

TRANSCRIBED INTERVIEW 0:00:00 My name is Uffe. I’m from the Royal Danish Academy of Architecture. I’m just going to start off with some general questions and if you can answer in full sentences, so if I say “what’s your name” you say “my name is ...” Yeah so let’s start with that. What is your name? I’m Vijay Sharma. And what is your role in the DHUN project? I’m the project in charge for the head of the project for all the projects coming up in DHUN. 0:00:48 Okay so you’re head project manager of the architectural...

I am heading the project management division. Okay, cool. You must be a busy person. How long have you been working with DHUN? DHUN, In the last 5 months I am working here. And what is your background? Did you do architecture school? I’m a civil engineer by profession and then worked for many 5 star hotels across country and very luxury brands of the hotel and institutional building Of course, of course Hotels like Oberoi, Taj, ITC, Marriott Hotel, Westin Then I worked for ISB, Indian School of Business.

AEE

INDIA

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0:01:39 In between I worked for Art Deco Palace in Jodhpur, Udaybhawan Palace. It’s a very famous Art Deco Palace. So I renovated that palace for 3 years. And that’s my background. So that’s like what, 30, 20 years?

Almost 38 years now. Wow, okay. That’s five, six times the amount of time I have been studying architecture [5.5 timas as long, red.]. But I am really interested in learning about the challenges of building in Rajasthan. So could you tell me, maybe first of all, what has been some of the favorite projects you are involved with?

0:02:24 You mentioned the restoration of the old palace? Well, there are multiple because I always work with the iconic projects. It’s not necessarily in Rajasthan, across country. In Rajasthan, I work for Oberoi Raj Vilas Hotel, which is one of the top ten hotels in the country, in the world. And then I work for Umed Bhaun Palace, which I said is an old palace built in 1942 some kind of duration 1942 that’s just about before independence just about before independence and then I renovated that in 1996 to 1999 and that was complete I learned very good detailing part of

UFFE EMIL HOLM THOMSEN

TRANSCRIBED INTERVIEW 0:00:00 Okay, so for the interview I’m just going to start off with some general questions like what is your name? Manoj.

Manoj. If you can answer in full sentences, so like my name is Manoj and I work here. So what is your name? My name is Manoj, I’m working here as a project manager and we are making a tent in the completely green area. [sustainable concept, red.] Beautiful. Which is a new thing. We also explore that part of that. Yeah?

Nice. And where are you from in India?

0:01:04 Yes, a lot of green, even in the city, but it’s also very dark and cold, so people stay indoors a lot. And for how long have you worked in DUN as a project manager? I’m working here in DUN from two months. In two months, okay. My overall experience is 14 years, but I’m working here from two months. And what is your role in the DHUN project as a project manager? Yeah, I’m a project manager. So you do a daily management of project size and construction?.

0:00:35 I am from Jaipur, Rajasthan. You grew up here in Rajasthan? Yeah, yeah. Born in Jaipur and I grew up here. Nice. So you know the area? Yeah, yeah.

Completely. Where did you grow up in Jaipur? In Jaipur, Mansurohar area. Okay. It’s a completely old city in Jaipur. Nice.

0:01:34 Yes. So less drawing and more telling people what to do.

Drawing? Like as an architect you are either designing the buildings or you are executing the buildings. No, I execute the buildings. You are executing, ok, nice. And where did you do your architecture studies? From Rajasthan, Jaipur. Ok, so Jaipur University or? No, Aizon School of Architecture.

0:00:49 You were a city kid then? Yeah. Nice. I was too. I grew up in the city in Copenhagen in Denmark. So I didn’t get to explore the landscape as much as a kid. Oh, Denmark?

Yeah, Denmark. Denmark is also green, no?

0:01:56 Ok, nice. You mentioned it earlier, but how long have you been practicing architecture? From 14 years. Just in Rajasthan and all over? No, all over India. I worked in PHASE REASERCH

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