happy campers

by Manny Rea

Common consensus has always dictated that paying for experiences is more valuable than collecting possessions. But how can travel companies apply this principle to their business strategies?

Yao-Chin Wang, Ph.D., assistant professor in the Department of Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management, researches how technological experiences and artificial intelligence can support human mindfulness in the hospitality and tourism industries. Mindfulness refers to the ability to be fully present and aware of one’s surroundings in the moment.

In the case of his recent study, Would Travel Experiences or Possessions Make People Happier?, Wang and two other researchers focused on the marketing side of consumer psychology and how tourism businesses and destinations can maximize long-term happiness for visitors.

Wang differentiated happiness into two opposites: hedonic and eudaimonic happiness. Hedonic happiness refers to the pursuit of short-term pleasurable experiences while eudaimonic derives from the fulfillment of higher-order psychological needs — leading to feelings of purpose and inner peace.

In the context of travel, Wang believes tourism businesses can curate greater enjoyment for their guests by emphasizing experiences that elicit eudaimonic happiness such as when engaging with novel environments, breaking away from routine and making new social connections all while on vacation.

The study tested this thought through an empirical experiment based on four hypotheses positing that eudaimonic consumption will always generate greater happiness whether in general or in tourism.

He and his colleagues asked study participants about purchases they had recently made with the intent of furthering their life happiness. In a specific example, participants were asked about any purchases made in the last six months that cost more than $50 and whether they felt a greater sense of enjoyment or a sense of indulgence from the purchase. Their hypotheses were supported across the board.

They would find sufficient evidence from more than 450 responses collected since 2019 that supported their belief that eudaimonic consumption would create greater happiness in general and with their tourism angle. They would also confirm their hypotheses that when consumption is made with a eudaimonic motive, there is no difference in happiness between those who consume tourism experiences and those who consume possessions.

On the flip side they also supported their final hypothesis that when a consumption is made with a hedonic motive, those who consume tourism experiences are happier than those who consume possessions. So, what does this mean for tourism companies?

“Number one, when branding your destination, don’t think just about hedonic statements but think also about the eudaimonic opportunities customers can join in on,” Wang said.

Several instances of the practice exist such as with New Zealand’s tourism slogan, “100% Pure New Zealand.” He said this kind of marketing showcases eudaimonic values such as being free, mental clarity and embracing the true self, which can elicit a happier response from visitors of the country.

Some of these branding efforts are even being done from the living room. Wang cited AirBnB’s online experiences as another way companies are fulfilling eudaimonic happiness by offering opportunities for customers to see the world by touring the Taj Mahal virtually from the comfort of their home.

Businesses can also find ways to combine material purchases supplemented with experiences whether online or in person with classes in cooking, exercise and yoga. By offering the experience first and the goods second, from yoga mats to pots and pans, customers can ultimately extract greater happiness.

It’s this online aspect that Wang wants to explore next. One of his current research proposals aims to support mindfulness through an augmented reality platform that uses natural sounds and guided meditation of major destinations all through a website.

“Here we can really think about how to combine material purchases and a higher level of happiness when designing a tourism experience,” Wang said. “Even if they don’t have a chance to go outside, we can create an outdoor experience for potential viewers to enjoy natural beauty.”

Brian D. Avery is a lecturer and director of engaged learning and outreach in the Department of Sport Management. He teaches in person out of the Florida Gym for residential and online students, but online he also uses a recently developed 2D avatar: a cartoon character dubbed “The Mr. Frizzle of Risk Management.”

Avery chose this role as an animated character for his lectures on legal and risk management as a hark back to the lessons taught through television screens by shows such as “The Magic School Bus” and “Arthur.” To start, he and his team picked a 4000-level course entitled Advanced Legal Aspects in Live Entertainment & Sports for this foray into 2-D animation.

The class was previously delivered online, but Avery and Kelly Beck, an instructional designer from UF Online’s Center for Online Innovation and Production (COIP), were toying with ways to help students better understand their place in the legal processes for injuries and incidents.

In this class, students learn the legal responsibilities regarding how to assemble mass groups of people for the purpose of entertainment and sport and how to do so safely. There are hazards that someone may face when attending an event whether as an audience or staff member, athlete or performer, and the aim is to teach how to prevent injuries and incidents when running entertainment, sport and attraction activities and how to deal with legal fallout should something occur.

But, says Avery, “teaching the law online is a very difficult concept because it’s not just black and white — it is many shades of grey. It's important to gain perspective from the individuals that are a part of the process in order to understand, ‘what's my role?’ and ‘how do my decisions impact the greater good?’’’

To better help students, Avery and Beck came up with the idea for an animated-style lecture series: a cartoon version of Avery would deliver an outline of a legal case study while a cast of characters would personify the real people and