w skrรณcie
4
flash
0JU 0Dฤ JRU]DWD :HVRฤ RZVND Z\EUDQD QD 3U]HZRGQLF]รฃFรฃ .RPLVML 5HZL]\MQHM .UDMRZHM 5HSUH]HQWDFML 'RNWRUDQWร Z
W
GQLDFK JUXGQLD URNX Z :DUV]DZLH RGE\ฤ VLรท =MD]G 'HOHJDWร Z .UDMRZHM 5HSUH]HQWDFML 'RNWRUDQWร Z .5' NWร UHJR FHOHP E\ฤ R XG]LHOHQLH DEVROXWRULXP XVWรทSXMรฃF\P Zฤ DG]RP .5' D WDNล H Z\EUDQLH QRZ\FK Zฤ DG] QD NDGHQFMรท Z URNX :ฤณUร G QRZR Z\EUDQ\FK F]ฤ RQNร Z .RPLVML 5HZL]\MQHM ]QDOD]ฤ D VLรท 3U]HZRGQLF]รฃFD 6DPRU]รฃGX 'RNWRUDQWร Z 8(. PJU 0Dฤ JRU]DWD :HVRฤ RZVND NWร UD QD SLHUZV]\P SRVLHG]HQLX .RPLVML 5HZL]\MQHM Z GQLX VW\F]QLD EU ]RVWDฤ D Z\EUDQD QD 3U]HZRGQLF]รฃFรฃ WHJR RUJDQX 'R ]DGDฤก .RPLVML 5HZL]\MQHM QDOHล \ NRQWURORZDQLH G]LDฤ DOQRฤณFL =DU]รฃGX .5' Z V]F]HJร OQRฤณFL Z ]DNUHVLH SUDZLGฤ RZHM UHDOL]DFML ]DGDฤก L Z\ZLรฃ]\ZDQLD VLรท ] SRZLHU]RQ\FK RERZLรฃ]Nร Z D WDNล H SRGMรทW\FK XFKZDฤ RUD] JRVSRGDUNL ILQDQVRZHM
5
,, 1DXNRZH 'HELXW\ 6WXGHQFNLH
D
QLD OLVWRSDGD URNX RGE\ฤ D VLรท MXล GUXJD HG\FMD 1DXNRZ\FK 'HELXWร Z 6WXGHQFNLFK Z UDPDFK ;;,,, .RQIHUHQFML 1DXNRZHM .DWHGU\ +DQGOX =DJUDQLF]QHJR
: W\P URNX Z]Lรทฤ D Z QLHM XG]LDฤ QDMOHSV]D WND VWXGHQWร Z VWXGLร Z PDJLVWHUVNLFK NLHUXQNX 0LรทG]\QDURGRZH 6WRVXQNL *RVSRGDUF]H Z\ฤ RQLRQ\FK 36
QD SRGVWDZLH ZF]HฤณQLHM REURQLRQ\FK QDMOHSV]\FK SUDF OLFHQFMDFNLFK QD VSHFMDOQRฤณFL +DQGHO =DJUDQLF]Q\ 3R]LRP SUH]HQWRZDQ\FK UHIHUDWร Z Z W\P URNX E\ฤ EDUG]R Z\VRNL D VSRU]รฃG]RQH QD LFK SRGVWDZLH DUW\NXฤ \ QDXNRZH ]RVWDQรฃ RSXEOLNRZDQH Z e3U]HGVLรทELRUF]RฤณFL 0LรทG]\QDURGRZHMr F]DVRSLฤณPLH
.UDMRZD 5HSUH]HQWDFMD 'RNWRUDQWร Z MHVW RJร OQRSROVNLP SU]HGVWDZLFLHOHP L Z\UD]LFLHOHP ZROL ฤณURGRZLVND GRNWRUDQWร Z .5' PD SUDZR GR Z\UDล DQLD RSLQLL L SU]HGVWDZLDQLD ZQLRVNร Z Z VSUDZDFK GRW\F]รฃF\FK RJร ฤ X GRNWRUDQWร Z Z W\P GR RSLQLRZDQLD DNWร Z QRUPDW\ZQ\FK GRW\F]รฃF\FK GRNWRUDQWร Z 'R ]DGDฤก VWDWXWRZ\FK .5' QDOHล \ P LQ UHSUH]HQWRZDQLH LQWHUHVร Z RUD] REURQD SUDZ GRNWRUDQWร Z RSLQLRZDQLH SURMHNWร Z DNWร Z QRUPDW\ZQ\FK GRW\F]รฃF\FK GRNWRUDQWร Z UR]ZLMDQLH VDPRU]รฃGQRฤณFL GRNWRUDQFNLHM F]\ ZVSร ฤ SUDFD ] RฤณURGNDPL ZVSLHUDMรฃF\PL G]LDฤ DOQRฤณรฅ QDXNRZรฃ GRNWRUDQWร Z 6DPRU]รฃG 'RNWRUDQWร Z 8(. )RW 2OJD *DMGD RG OHZHM RG Jร U\ PJU LQล :RMFLHFK 6DMGDN PJU 0Dฤ JRU]DWD :HVRฤ RZVND PJU LQล =ELJQLHZ .XELDWRZVNL RG GRฤ X PJU ,JRU .LODQRZVNL PJU LQล 0LFKDฤ *DMGD
QDXNRZ\P Z\GDZDQ\P SU]H] &HQWUXP 3U]HGVLรทELRUF]RฤณFL 6WUDWHJLF]QHM L 0LรทG]\QDURGRZHM 8(. Z ฤณFLVฤ HM ZVSร ฤ SUDF\ ] .DWHGUรฃ +DQGOX =DJUDQLF]QHJR 7HPDW\ND ]DLQWHUHVRZDฤก QDXNRZ\FK QDV]\FK VWXGHQWร Z MHVW EDUG]R V]HURND : W\P URNX SUH]HQWRZDQR UHIHUDW\ SRฤณZLรทFRQH P LQ ZSฤ \ZRZL LJU]\VN ROLPSLMVNLFK Z 5LR GH -DQHLUR QD UR]Zร M JRVSRGDUF]\ %UD]\OLL NRQVHNZHQFMRP QLHUร ZQRฤณFL PDMรฃWNRZ\FK EHKDZLRUDOQ\P DVSHNWRP NU\]\VX ILQDQVRZHJR F]\ WHล ZSฤ \ZRZL LQZHVW\FML ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK QD UR]Zร M JRVSRGDUF]\ 8NUDLQ\ 'RVWU]HJDMรฃF SRWHQFMDฤ QDXNRZ\ QDV]\FK VWXGHQWร Z SODQXMHP\ Z URNX NROHMQรฃ ,,, HG\FMรท WHJR :\GDU]HQLD GU $GDP 0LFKDOLN .DWHGUD +DQGOX =DJUDQLF]QHJR