Artists, Authors, Editors & Composers Exhibit

CELEBRATING THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF UC’S ARTISTS, AUTHORS, EDITORS & COMPOSERS

Remembering When Medicine Went Wrong: Lessons for Medical Communication Today Tuesday, September 22, 2020

Tuesday, September 22 2:30 PM

Panelists: Featured Faculty Lecturer:

JOHN LYNCH

Professor of Communication, College of Arts and Sciences

Organizers:

University of Cincinnati Libraries Faculty Senate Faculty Enrichment Center Sponsored By:

OďŹƒce of the Senior Vice President and Provost

MICHELLE MCKINNEY

“A Shutterbug in a World of Bookworms”

JEFFREY BLEVINS, JAMES LEE, ERIN MCCABE and EZRA EDGERTON

“Tweeting for social justice in #Ferguson: Affective discourse in Twitter hashtags”

Article

Tweeting for social justice in #Ferguson: Affective discourse in Twitter hashtags

new media & society 2019, Vol. 21(7) 1636–1653 © The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819827030 DOI: 10.1177/1461444819827030 journals.sagepub.com/home/nms

Jeffrey Layne Blevins, James Jaehoon Lee, Erin E McCabe and Ezra Edgerton University of Cincinnati, USA

Abstract Social media platforms have broadened the scope of voices responding to social justice movements, significantly impacting public conversations of important social justice issues. This social network analysis examined hashtags that were invoked on Twitter in the aftermath of the Mike Brown shooting in the St. Louis suburb of Ferguson in 2014.

From the millions of tweets globally, the use of specific hashtags appeared to focus the conversation on Twitter toward the personal meaning of story events and framed the shooting as something relatable to the posters’ own lives and experiences.

Keywords Ferguson, hashtags, social justice, Twitter In our media-saturated world, more people than ever have the potential to be a storyteller through the use of social media and mobile streaming applications. Of particular note, individuals and groups have used social media platforms to provide perspective and commentary about the struggle for social justice in powerful ways. While conversations taking place on social media are not necessarily driving the news cycle of traditional news media, social media platforms have emerged as an important venue to amplify less powerful voices in the overall media landscape, as users disrupt, confront, or counteract traditional narratives through their own storytelling (see Blevins, 2019; Bonilla and Rosa, 2015; Everbach et al., 2018; Fews, 2017; Gross, 2017; Langford and Speight, 2015; Schiappa, 2014).

Corresponding author: Jeffrey Layne Blevins, Department of Journalism, University of Cincinnati, ML 0174, Cincinnati, OH 452210174, USA. Email: Jeffrey.Blevins@UC.edu

JEFFREY BLEVINS

“Social Media and Social Justice Movements after the Diminution of Black-Owned Media in the United States”, “Does the ‘Marketplace of Ideas’ Metaphor Still Apply?

KATHY LADELL

XUEMAO WANG

“From information, to data, to knowledge - Digital Scholarship Centers: An emerging transdisciplinary digital knowledge and research methods integrator in academic and research libraries”

“Spanish Language Children and Teen’s Books Focusing on Human Sexuality and Reproductive Health” PUBLIC LIBRARY QUARTERLY 2018, VOL. 00, NO. 00, 1–18 https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2018.1561169

Spanish Language Children and Teen’s Books Fo cusing on Human Sexuality and Reproductive Health Kathy Ladell Founders Memorial Library, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA ABSTRACT

Talking to children and teens about sexuality is difficult for most parents, especially for those whose primary language is Spanish.

Teens who come to the United States from Spanish speaking countries are also at a disadvantage because of a language barrier. Many times there is a lack of high quality Spanish materials that have been reviewed on the topic of sex and reproductive health. There are serious consequences of unplanned teen pregnancies to communities such as poverty, low educational attainment and other health disparities. This bibliography reviews human sexuality titles in Spanish for both children and teens.

Professionals in the healthcare or medical libraries, school librarians, public librarians and academic librarians will find this bibliography valuable for the purposes of educating the public and developing their institution’s collection.

ARTICLE HISTORY

Received September 2018 Accepted December 2018 KEYWORDS

Sex education; Spanish language materials; children; teens; health information

In recent years, there has been a significant decline in teen pregnancy.

According to the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, "the pregnancy rate for all teens declined 55% between 1990 (the peak year for teen pregnancy) and 2011” (The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy 2016, 1). While this is good news, the rate of decline among Latino teens in particular is not as pronounced as for non-Hispanic white adolescents. In 2002, the national average of pregnancies for teens aged 15 to 19 years was 75.4 per 1000 teens, whereas the average for the Latinas was 131.5 per 1000 teens (Sterling and Sadler 2009, 21). Many researchers have argued that poverty, low educational attainment, and lack of sexual health education are responsible for sexual health inequalities between Latino and non-Latino groups (Alcalde and Quelopana 2013; Arevalo and Amaro 2010). These sexual health disparities will have a large impact on both social services and healthcare systems since Latinos are the fastest growing minority group in the United States and by 2030 will comprise more than a quarter of all U.S. teens. Along with the negative outcomes of teen pregnancy, "Spanish speakers find it especially hard to get appropriate information in general because the U.S. health care system is mostly designed CONTACT Kathy Ladell kladell@niu.edu Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA

Founders Memorial Library, Northern Illinois University, 1425

Published with license by Taylor & Francis. © Kathy Ladell

OLGA HART and DON JASON Improving Library Services in Support of International Students and English as a Second Language Learners, “Talking About the ‘Culture Bump’: Using Student Voices to Increase Cultural Sensitivity of Library and University Staff”, “Libraries as Cultural Crossroads: Events Promoting Global Diversity”

CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 20

Talking About the “Culture Bump”:

Libraries as Cultural Crossroads:

Using Student Voices to Increase Cultural Sensitivity of Library and University Staff

Events Promoting Global Diversity Pamela Bach, Olga Hart, and Don Jason

Olga Hart and Carol Olausen Introduction

Introduction International students come to Western universities to “visit, learn from, and ultimately return home invigorated from this new cultural experience.”1 Nevertheless, the cultural experiences that students will face can prove to be daunting. Many students at the University of Cincinnati (UC) come from cultures that differ greatly from the US, and it is these differences that may cause students to lose confidence and even jeopardize their adaptation to a new learning environment.

As this population continued to grow, so did the challenges and frustrations. Staff members with whom students interacted were finding themselves frequently frustrated that they didn’t always understand what it was that students needed, why students didn’t follow the instructions they had already been given, or why students didn’t appear more proactive in securing assistance if they were having difficulty.

Something was missing in our engagement with students, which was ultimately hindering our ability to successfully support their academic success. We saw with staff and students that cultural perspectives were “bumping” into one another. We therefore needed a way for staff to consider the ways in which our own culture impacted our interactions with others and, consequently, how someone else’s cultural perspective was not necessarily wrong but rather just different.

43

The presence of international students at the University of Cincinnati (UC) campus provides wonderful opportunities for domestic students to learn about other cultures and “understand and see the world from others’ perspective.”1 However, domestic students may not initiate contact with peers from other countries. Similarly, international students may mostly engage with friends from their country of origin. Experts name multiple barriers to intercultural communication (including language and attitude), such as lack of openness, respect, and curiosity2 as well as distrust.3 In addition, many international students are under pressure to succeed academically and are busy with their coursework.4 At UC, faculty and campus services are making concerted efforts to create experiences for cross-cultural communication and facilitate meaningful interactions between domestic and international students. Campus libraries are a natural crossroads for students. Many international students become regulars, finding a favorite spot to study and getting together with friends. It was at the central library at UC that we met the international students who helped us springboard our intercultural event series from small gatherings to large celebrations.

269

KEVIN OBERLIN “Pillars”

http://www.sweettreereview.com/pillars-kevin-oberlin

PHOEBE REEVES

The Gardener and the Garden

JOHN LYNCH

The Origins of Bioethics: Remembering When Medicine Went Wrong

john a. lynch

The Origins of Bioethics Remembering When Medicine Went Wrong

https://youtu.be/4thUfKfd6Hc

VALERIE WEINSTEIN

“Antisemitism in film comedy in Nazi Germany”

WLODZIMIERZ BRYC

“On Matrix Product Ansatz for Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process with Open Boundary in the Singular Case� and "Limit Fluctuations for Density of Asymmetric Simple Exclusions Processes with Open Boundaries"

!

www.imstat.org/aihp

Limit fluctuations for density of asymmetric simple exclusion processes with open boundaries WĹ‚odzimierz Bryc and Yizao Wang Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 2815 Commons Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0025, USA. E-mail: wlodzimierz.bryc@uc.edu; yizao.wang@uc.edu Received 30 April 2018; revised 11 October 2018; accepted 18 October 2018

Abstract. We investigate the fluctuations of cumulative density of particles in the asymmetric simple exclusion process with respect to the stationary distribution (also known as the steady state), as a stochastic process indexed by [0, 1]. In three phases of the model and their boundaries within the fan region, we establish a complete picture of the scaling limits of the fluctuations of the density as the number of sites goes to infinity. In the maximal current phase, the limit fluctuation is the sum of two independent processes, a Brownian motion and a Brownian excursion. This extends an earlier result by Derrida et al. (J. Statist. Phys. 115 (2004) 365–382) for totally asymmetric simple exclusion process in the same phase. In the low/high density phases, the limit fluctuations are Brownian motion. Most interestingly, at the boundary of the maximal current phase, the limit fluctuation is the sum of two independent processes, a Brownian motion and a Brownian meander (or a time-reversal of the latter, depending on the side of the boundary). Our proofs rely on a representation of the joint generating function of the asymmetric simple exclusion process with respect to the stationary distribution in terms of joint moments of a Markov processes, which is constructed from orthogonality measures of the Askey–Wilson polynomials.

RÊsumÊ. Nous Êtudions les fluctuations de la densitÊ de particules dans un processus d’exclusion simple asymÊtrique sous la distribution stationnaire (ou Êtat stable), vues comme un processus stochastique indexÊ par [0, 1]. Pour trois des phases du modèle et à leurs frontières nous obtenons une description complète des limites d’Êchelles de ces fluctuations lorsque le nombre de sites tend vers l’infini. Dans la phase de courant maximal, la limite est la somme de deux processus indÊpendants : un mouvement brownien et une excursion brownienne. Ce rÊsultat Êtend celui obtenu prÊcÊdemment par Derrida et al. (J. Statist. Phys. 115 (2004) 365–382) pour le processus d’exclusion simple totalement asymÊtrique et dans la même phase. Dans les phases de fortes et faibles densitÊs, les limites sont des mouvements browniens. De façon plus intÊressante, à la frontière de la phase de courant maximal, la limite est la somme de deux processus indÊpendants : un mouvement brownien et un mÊandre brownien (ou, selon la partie de la frontière, un mÊandre brownien renversÊ en temps). Nos dÊmonstrations reposent sur une reprÊsentation des fonctions gÊnÊratrices des lois fini-dimensionnelles du processus d’exclusion simple asymÊtrique en termes de moments joints d’un processus de Markov construit à partir de mesures rendant orthogonaux les polynômes d’Askey–Wilson.

MSC: 60F05; 60K35 Keywords: Asymmetric simple exclusion process; Scaling limit; Phase transition; Askey–Wilson process; Brownian excursion; Brownian meander; Laplace transform; Tangent process

1. Introduction and main results 1.1. Background The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with open boundaries in one dimension is one of the most widely investigated models for open non-equilibrium systems in the physics literature. The process models particles jumping

1 23

BEN KLINE

“Poetry, Afield”, “Reading is Fundamental”, “Spell to Unbind Family Ties”, “The Lonely Code”

POETRY, AFIELD a reading, between seasons featuring Ben Kline, Brett Price and friends.

The Littlefield

3934 Spring Grove Ave., Cincinnati

Sat. Sept. 21 - 9:30pm Photo by Harold Daniels.

AMY KOSHOFFER

“Confocal Microscopy Data: A Primer for Curators”

MEERA RASTOGI

Confocal Microscopy Data: A Primer for Curators

“Undergraduate Art Therapy Programs in the United States Survey Report”

Executive summary Topic

Description

File Extensions

.lsm (Zeiss - proprietary) .czi (Zeiss - proprietary) .nd2 (Nikon NIS-Elements 2 - proprietary) .lif (Lecia - proprietary) .oib (Olympus - proprietary) .zip 2 .tiff (open source - recommended for archiving)

MIME Type

Image/tiff

Structure

Tiff stack, images and text

Versions

Multiple (20xx-2019)

Primary fields or areas of use

Biology, health, engineering, chemistry

Source and affiliation

Multiple companies - microscopy software

Metadata standards

ABCD: Access to Biological Collections Data (ABCD) (Version 3.0 2019) 4 OME: OME-XML - Open Microscopy Environment XML (2012)

Tools for curation review

Word or text editor, ImageJ or image viewer

Date Created

2019-07-01

Created by

Susan Ivey- North Carolina State University Amy Koshoffer - University of Cincinnati Gretchen Sneff - Temple University Huajin Wang - Carnegie Mellon University Team Mentor - Lisa Johnston – University of Minnesota

1

3

Suggested Primer Citation: Ivey S., Koshoffer K., Sneff G., Wang H., (2019) Confocal Microscopy Data: A Primer for Curation. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/210206.

This work was created as part of the Data Curation Network “Specialized Data Curation” Workshop #2 held at Johns Hopkins University April 17-18, 2019. See also: Primers authored by the workshop attendees: http://datacurationnetwork.org.

1

THERESA LEININGER-MILLER

“Library and Gallery Exhibitions as Public Scholarship: Public Engagement with Images of Ethnicity, Gender, Place, Race, and War in Illustrated Sheet Music”

Book Reviews mass incarceration, human trafficking, child labor, agricultural debt bondage, and sexual exploitation.

Defining slavery is a challenge that sits at the hearts of several of these essays. A working definition established in 2012 that modern slavery involved “control over a person in such a way as to significantly deprive that person of his or her personal liberty, with the intent of exploitation through the use, management, transfer or disposal of that person” (pp. 19–20). Violence and deception are also common. Such a definition moves beyond a property-based understanding, in David Richardson’s words, to provide “a means to relate slavery past and present” (p. 44). Building on Orlando Patterson’s notion that slavery constituted a form of “social death” when it was the law of the land, James Sidbury argues that modern slavery is perhaps better thought of in terms of victims’ “inability to appeal to civil rights and authorities. . . . They suffer from civic death” (pp. 82–83).

The past is also touchstone for the present in the essays regarding the question of “what to do about it.” The authors acknowledge that important differences exist between combating slavery in the present, when virtually everyone regards it as illegal, and the efforts of abolitionists in the past to undermine the legal institution. The tools that worked for, say, transatlantic abolitionists and the British navy may not apply today. But, as Dave Blair observes, past efforts can be a useful guide when we remember that innovation, crowdsourcing and viral messaging, and a broad-based marketplace of ideas drove the stake through the heart of slavery in the past, not just Parliamentary measures or slave patrols of the African coast. A central tenet here, then, is that understanding the history of slavery and its suppression in the past more fully will equip us to combat it in the present.

Taken together, the collection reads like an extended thought experiment that reveals both the mutability and insidiousness of human bondage throughout the world. Coming at the subject from different disciplines and with interests in both the past and present, the authors make a compelling case that we must understand that slavery will continue to evolve

715

if we let down our guard or choose to rest comfortably in the illusion that it is no more.

Michael Guasco Davidson University Davidson, North Carolina doi: 10.093/jahist/jaz512

Committed to Memory: The Art of the Slave Ship Icon. By Cheryl Finley. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018. xii, 306 pp. $49.50.)

Heavily Illustrated.

Cheryl Finley’s brilliant book is a chronological and international visual genealogy of the slave ship icon from its inception as a schematic engraving by the Plymouth Committee of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade in England, Plan of an African Ship’s Lower Deck with Negroes in the Proportion of Only One to a Ton (1788) to the work of contemporary black artists and their allies who “interrogate, redeploy, and imagine” it (p. 10).

Finley convincingly asserts that the enduring icon galvanized African diaspora identity formation and aesthetic practice in the late twentieth century through “mnemonic aesthetics,” a ritualized politics of remembering (p. 9).

The book’s first part, “Sources/Roots,” establishes the slave ship icon as the preeminent abolitionist image in its historical and political contexts. Finley deftly examines how and why the London committee changed the icon’s initial iteration into Description of a Slave Ship (1789), the most widely disseminated version (at least 8,700 copies were distributed). Abolitionists used it variously for slave trade regulation, abolition, and suppression, African colonization, and chattel slavery abolition. Finley’s analysis is so meticulous that it is perplexing how she calculated 297 slaves in the Plymouth print when there are actually 294 (120 men, 84 women, 90 children), as she enumerates (p. 34). The plate represents sailing records of the Brooks ship of Liverpool, at 297 tons’ burden, or cargo capacity, yet the pamphlet states “in the proportion of not quite one to a ton” (p. 24). The book’s design, with images sometimes distant from related text (e.g., discussion of one image occurs on page 27, but the image does not appear until page 56), hampers reading-viewing, as does the

DAVID HARTZ

“Spring Grove”, “Loveland”, “Hawaii”

JEFFREY MILLS

“Antidepressant Tolerability in Pediatric Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders: A Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling Meta-Analysis”, “Predictive Testing for Granger Causality via Posterior Simulation and Cross-validation”, “Switching SSRIs in Adolescents with SSRI-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder: Balancing Tolerability and Efficacy”

EIRA TANSEY

“Repository Data (RepoData) for United States Archives”, “What we don’t know about what we can’t see: Information and hidden infrastructure” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLLFerw8R3c https://github.com/RepoData/RepoData

CHARLES DOARN

Telemedicine and Telepresence: Principles, Strategies, Applications and New Directions, Telemedicine- Chapter 68, Advanced Technologies: Paperless Hospital, the Cost and the Benefits (Ch 15), “Interagency Cooperation in the Twilight of the Great Society: Telemedicine, NASA, and the Papago Nation”, “Telemedicine across time: Integrated health system of the future: A Prelude”, “Health Challenges Including Behavioral Problems in Long Duration Spaceflight”

ROBERT HAUG

“Recompense and Reward: The Scholarly Contributions of Michael David Bonner”, “The Gifts of Mihragan: Muslim Governers and Gift Giving during Non-Muslim Holidays

MELANIE KROGER-JARVIS

“The Impact of Shift Length on Mood and Fatigue in Pediatric Registered Nurses” Journal of Pediatric Nursing 47 (2019) 167

Contents lists available at

IN PRACTICE

–170

women's health

ScienceDirect

Journal of Pediatric Nursing Learning Outcomes journal homepage: www.pediatricnursing.org

Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to: 1. Describe the clinical presentation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), risk factors, and diagnostic criteria.

Society of Pediatric Nurses Department

The Impact of Shift Length on Mood and Fatigue in Pediatric Registered Nurses , , Wendy Ungard, DNP, RN, NEA-BC a b

a,

, Melanie Kroger-Jarvis, DNP, MSN, CNS

a

, Linda Sue Davis, PhD, RN

2. Explain management options for PCOS, including those aimed at minimizing lifelong health risks.

a,b

University of Cincinnati College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America Davis Consulting, Inc., United States of America

3. Identify nurses’ roles in caring for adolescents with PCOS.

The following is an article from a novice author and demonstrates SPN's commitment to assisting first time authors in the process of getting a manuscript published. The process involves multiple iterations as frequently the work originally was an academic assignment. For various reasons, the topic selected was ofinterest to the author and the learning involved both the study/project activity and the major ways of communicating that activity.

The demands of dissemination to a broad audience require greater clari fication of the available literature and, where there are gaps, rationale for instrument selection and subject identi fication.

In the subsequent article, the author sought to revisit earlier findings related to consecutive hours worked and nurse-reported fatigue and the relationship offatigue to mood and work/life balance at a pediatric setting. The findings were interesting and did provide direction for potential mitigation strategies to reduce nurse fatigue in general and speci fically for a unique population.

Background/introduction Nurses who work N12 h at a time are three times more likely to make a patient error than those who work eight hours ( Rogers, Hwang, Scott, Aiken, & Dinges, 2004 ). In 2011, The Joint Commission issued a Sentinel Event Alert regarding nurse fatigue and an increased risk to patient safety. Given the supporting literature that directly lin ks nurse fatigue to patient errors, organizations need to have a mitigation plan to decrease nurse fatigue.

As the understanding of the physiology of sleep evolves, there is a growing body ofliterature related to nurse fatigue. The aim of this study was to obtain a baseline measurement of sleep, physical activity, The mission of the Society of Pediatric Nurses is to support its members in their practice. One means of accomplishing this mission is to keep membership informed of innovative initiatives involving the board, committees, and members that promote research, clinical practice, education, and advocacy within the larger pediatric healthcare community. This department serves that purpose.

Funding support for this research study was supported by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Pilot Research Training Program of the University of Cincinnati and Research Center Grant #T42/OH008432-09.

Department Editor: Sandra Mott PhD, RN-BC, CPN Corresponding author.

E-mail address: wendy.ungard@cchmc.org (W. Ungard).

and work hours and to relate these to the fatigue and mood states of registered nurses working either a 12-h or 8-h shift in a pediatric medical center hospital. Study results will be used in future studies designed to test mitigation strategies to decrease nurse fatigue, improve mood, and improve work/life balance.

Continuing Nursing Education (CNE) Credit A total of 1.5 contact hours may be earned as CNE credit for reading “Clinical Implications of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents” and for completing an online posttest and participant feedback form.

Overview of the literature Many hospitals offer nurses the opportunity to work either 12-h or 8-h shifts. Research has shown that 12-h shifts, as compared to 8-h shifts, adversely affect nurse job performance and increase patient care errors ( Geiger-Brown & Trinkoff, 2010 ).

To take the test and complete the participant feedback form, please visit http:// learning.awhonn.org. Certificates of completion will be issued on receipt of the completed participant feedback form and any processing fees.

Nurse experience/risk The research has found that nurses working longer shifts or overtime experienced fatigue and poor quality of sleep, which affected their vigilance, alertness, reaction time and decision-making ability Bae & that resulted in an increased likelihood of sustaining an injury ( Fabry, 2014 ). According to Rogers et al. (2004) , in a population-based sample of 393 staff nurses covering 5317 shifts, nurses working 12 h or more (due to overtime) reported over three times the odds of making errors versus nurses working 8-h shifts. In a study looking at nurse satisfaction and burnout, Stimpfel, Sloane, and Aiken (2012) reported that nurses working shifts of ten hours or longer were two and a half times more likely to experience burnout and job dissatisfaction. Although some evidence supports that errors increase with extended work hours, researchers have also reported that nurses prefer working 12-h shifts and/or like having the choice to work extended hours ( Harris et al., 2015 ). The gap between what is healthy staf fing for nurses and what nurses prefer becomes a challenge when exploring potential mitigation strategies for fatigue.

Patient experience/risk Rogers et al. (2004) found nurses that worked longer than 12.5 h were more likely to commit patient-related errors with adverse patient outcomes and had a three time greater risk of making medical errors. In a more recent study, Han, Trinkoff, and Geiger-Brown (2014) found long work hours during nurses' typical work schedules were signi ficantly related to patient mortality.

Stimpfel and Aiken (2013) found

The Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses is accredited with distinction as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation.

Photo ª Obencem / iStockphoto.com

Editor's note

AWHONN is approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, provider # CEP580.

Accredited status does not imply endorsement by AWHONN or the ANCC of any commercial products displayed or discussed in conjunction with an educational activity.

Clinical Implications of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents Lisa M. Hachey, Melanie Kroger-Jarvis, Tamara Pavlik-Maus & Rhonda Leach ABSTRACT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy, affecting as many as 5% to 20% of women of reproductive age, depending on the diagnostic criteria applied. Features of PCOS include physiologic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, elevated luteinizing hormone, and increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency, which often manifest physically as acne and hirsutism. The clinical presentation of PCOS often mimics normal pubertal physiologic development, which may delay diagnosis and treatment of the condition in adolescent girls. A diagnosis of PCOS has life-long implications and is associated with increased risk for infertility, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, endometrial hyperplasia, uterine carcinoma, metabolic disorder, and cardiovascular disease. In this article, we provide an overview of clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, health consequences, and current evidence-based clinical guidelines for the appropriate diagnosis and management of PCOS in adolescents. doi: 10.1016/j.nwh.2020.01.011

Accepted January 2020

KEYWORDS: adolescent, anovulation, hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome

P

olycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was originally described by Stein and Leventhal in 1935 as a syndrome characterized by amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), hirsutism (male-pattern terminal hair growth), chronic anovulation,

infertility, and obesity in women (Horn & Geraci, 2013; Lanzo, Monge, & Trent, 2015; Stein & Leventhal, 1935).

Considered the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, PCOS is a

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2019.05.014 0882-5963/© 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

nwhjournal.org

ª 2020 AWHONN; doi: 10.1016/j.nwh.2020.01.011

115

JENNY DOCTOR

“Music, Life, and Changing Times: Selected Correspondence Between British Composers Elizabeth Maconchy and Grace Williams�

Elizabeth Maconchy, 1925.

Grace Williams, date unknown.

Elizabeth Maconchy and daughter, Nicola Lefanu, 1977.

LAURA DUDLEY JENKINS and KRISTINA TEATER

Religious Freedom and Mass Conversion in India, “Religious Regulation in India�

Religious Regulation in India

Religious Regulation in India b

Kristina M. Teater and Laura Dudley Jenkins Subject: Groups and Identities, Political Values, Beliefs, and Ideologies, Politics, Law, Judiciary Online Publication Date: Apr 2019 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.845

Summary and Keywords )UHHGRP RI UHOLJLRQ LV D FRQVWLWXWLRQDO ULJKW LQ ,QGLD EXW WKLV UHOLJLRXVO\ GLYHUVH GHPRFUDo F\ UHJXODWHV UHOLJLRQ LQ VHYHUDO ZD\V LQFOXGLQJ HQIRUFLQJ UHOLJLRXV SHUVRQDO ODZV UHJXODWo ing religious minority educational institutions, monitoring conversions, limiting religious appeals during political campaigns, and outlawing acts that outrage religious feelings.

7KH QG FRQVWLWXWLRQDO DPHQGPHQW LQ DGGHG WKH ZRUG ‍ފ‏VHFXODU‍ ދ‏WR WKH ,QGLDQ FRQo stitution, which provides a distinctive model of religion-state relations and regulation that is rooted in historical struggles with colonial rule and abundant religious diversity. The ‍ފ‏SHUVRQDO ODZ‍ ދ‏V\VWHP JUDQWV PDMRU UHOLJLRXV FRPPXQLWLHV GLVWLQFW IDPLO\ ODZV 5HOLJLRXV minorities have regulated autonomy in the sphere of education based on constitutional commitments to minority colleges and educational institutions. The religious freedom FODXVH LQ WKH ,QGLDQ FRQVWLWXWLRQ LV RQH RI WKH PRVW FRPSUHKHQVLYH LQ WKH ZRUOG \HW VHYHUo DO VWDWH OHYHO ‍ފ‏IUHHGRP RI UHOLJLRQ‍ ދ‏DFWV SURKLELW ‍ފ‏IRUFLEOH‍ ދ‏RU ‍ފ‏LQGXFHG‍ ދ‏FRQYHUVLRQV $IILUo PDWLYH DFWLRQ RU ‍ފ‏UHVHUYDWLRQ‍ ދ‏SROLFLHV DOVR QHFHVVLWDWH UHJXODWLQJ FRQYHUVLRQV DV ORZ castes lose their eligibility upon conversion to Islam or Christianity. Appealing for votes RQ WKH EDVLV RI UHOLJLRQ RU FDVWH LV D ‍ފ‏FRUUXSW SUDFWLFH ‍ ދ‏$ FRORQLDO HUD VWDWXWH FRQWLQXHV WR RXWODZ ‍ފ‏GHOLEHUDWH DQG PDOLFLRXV DFWV LQWHQGHG WR RXWUDJH UHOLJLRXV IHHOLQJV RI DQ\ FODVV E\ LQVXOWLQJ LWV UHOLJLRQ RU UHOLJLRXV EHOLHIV ‍& ދ‏RQVWLWXWLRQDO DQG VWDWH UHJXODWLRQV RI FRZ VODXJKWHU DOVR SURWHFW WKH UHOLJLRXV EHOLHIV RI VRPH +LQGXV :KHWKHU GHIHQGLQJ ‍ފ‏UHOLJLRXV IUHHGRP‍ ދ‏E\ OLPLWLQJ FRQYHUVLRQV RU FULPLQDOL]LQJ LQVXOWV WR UHOLJLRXV EHOLHIV ODZV LQ ,Qo GLD WR ‍ފ‏SURWHFW‍ ދ‏UHOLJLRQV DQG UHOLJLRXV SHUVRQV DW WLPHV WKUHDWHQ WKH SUDFWLFH DQG H[SUHVo sion of diverse religious perspectives.

Keywords: India, religious regulation, secularism, family law, minority rights, minority education, UHOLJLRXV FRQYHUo sion, religious speech, politics and religion

Introduction )UHHGRP RI UHOLJLRQ LV D FRQVWLWXWLRQDO ULJKW LQ ,QGLD EXW WKLV UHOLJLRXVO\ GLYHUVH GHPRFUDo F\ UHJXODWHV UHOLJLRQ LQ VHYHUDO ZD\V LQFOXGLQJ HQIRUFLQJ UHOLJLRXV SHUVRQDO ODZV UHJXODWo ing religious minority educational institutions, monitoring conversions, limiting religious appeals during political campaigns, and outlawing acts that insult religious beliefs. The QG FRQVWLWXWLRQDO DPHQGPHQW LQ DGGHG WKH ZRUG ‍ފ‏VHFXODU‍ ދ‏WR WKH ,QGLDQ FRQVWLWXo Page 1 of 22

PRINTED FROM the OXFORD RESEARCH ENCYCLOPEDIA, POLITICS (oxfordre.com/politics). (c) Oxford University Press USA, 2020. All Rights Reserved. Personal use only; commercial use is strictly prohibited (for details see Privacy Policy and /Ho gal Notice). date: 01 September 2020

CHRISTOPHER J. SULLIVAN Taking Juvenile Justice Seriously

LAVERNE SUMMERLIN

Gems of Cincinnati's West End: Black Children and Catholic Missionaries 1940-1970

GEMS

OF CINCINNATI’S WEST END Black Children and Catholic Missionaries Ministry 1940-1970

LaVerne Summerlin

CHARLES DOARN Perspective

Telemedicine Across Time: Integrated Health System of the Future—A Prelude

Rashid L. Bashshur, PhD,1 Elizabeth A. Krupinski, PhD,2 Charles R. Doarn, MBA,3 Ronald C. Merrell, MD,4 James O. Woolliscroft, MD,1 and Julio Frenk, MD, PhD5 1

Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

3 Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.

4 Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.

5 University of Miami, Miami, Florida.

Downloaded by Univ Cincinnati from www.liebertpub.com at 02/15/20. For personal use only.

2

Keywords: telemedicine, health systems, innovation, technology, future health care

Introduction

T

he U.S. health care system has been beset by significant shortcomings for several decades despite numerous attempts to resolve them. These problems pertain to inequity in access to care, unabated cost inflation, and uneven distribution of quality care. Segments of the population continue to have limited access to care due to inability to pay, residential location, and/or other factors.

Some of the medical care rendered is ineffective, inappropriate, or wasteful, whereas some effective care is withheld for economic or other reasons.1 Quality of care varies by provider, location, and practice pattern.

Health care expenditures in the United States now constitute 18.3% of the gross domestic product, soon to be 20%, yet, the health status of Americans lags behind that of people in other industrialized countries.2 The health insurance market is becoming more unstable due to recent changes in federal policy,3 and the numbers of uninsured and underinsured are increasing.

These trends will likely become exacerbated by the aging of the population and the attendant increase in the incidence of chronic illness, the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles, and the degradation of the living environment. In addition, restrictions on interstate licensing limit competition and access. The fee-for-service payment system is obsolete and unresponsive to economic challenges.

Ultimately, the health care system of the future will face mounting pressures to achieve two seemingly incompatible

goals. First, to improve the population’s health and second, to contain cost, that is, to accomplish more with fewer resources.

Traditional modes of medical practice, roles of provider and patient, and modes of financing health care will not be adequate to meet the challenge.

A New Paradigm A new paradigm will be required to reorient, reorganize, and restructure the care delivery process to achieve more efficiency, greater precision, and improved productivity and outreach. To be successful and to the extent possible, the system must address all mutable determinants of health, including lifestyle, genetics, environment, and medical care. It must assure equitable access to the full spectrum of care, including health/promotion disease/prevention, care for the sick, rehabilitation of the disabled and infirm, palliative care, and humane end-of-life care. Patients must be actively engaged in managing their own health and health care. A formal triage system (powered by artificial intelligence4) with explicit protocols must be implemented to direct patients to the appropriate sources of care (taking into account their socioeconomic status and insurance status), and to encourage appropriate use of service while also discouraging inappropriate use. Importantly, the integrated health care system of the future must incorporate advances in science and technology to deliver precise and personal care.

As times goes on, there will be two dynamic forces pushing for system reform: The first is societal in nature, and it consists of two complex trends: (1) the growth of informed consumers and the wide availability of health information, the demand for accountability, and the increased emphasis on health outcomes and (2) increasing economic pressures and constraints on revenue. The second pertains to scientific and technological advances that offer unprecedented capabilities to deliver precision medicine and to connect patients and providers regardless of time and distance constraints. These include artificial intelligence, robotics, data analytics, advanced information and communication technology, genomics, virtual reality, and nanotechnology. The potential of these technologies to be integrated into the health care system effectively and efficiently, however, is often subject to legislative and regulatory delays and inefficiencies (e.g., FDA approval process).

128 TELEMEDICINE and e-HEALTH ÂŞ M A R Y A N N L I E B E R T , I N C . V O L . 2 6 N O . 2 F E B R U A R Y 2 0 2 0

DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2019.0025

The Modern Hospital Patients Centered, Disease Based, Research Oriented, Technology Driven Rifat Latifi Editor

123

GREG HARRIS

“Micropatterning Deceullarlized ECM as a Bioactive Surface to Guide Cell Alignment, Proliferation, and Migrationâ€?, “Development of a Piezoelectric PVDF-TrFE Fibrous Scaold to Guide Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Alignmentâ€?, “Extracellular matrix cues modulate Schwann cell morphology, proliferation, and protein expressionâ€?

FULL PAPER

Development of a Piezoelectric PVDF-TrFE Fibrous Scaold to Guide Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Alignment Jacob A. Orkwis, Ann K. Wolf, Syed M. Shahid, Corinne Smith, Leyla Esfandiari,* and Greg M. Harris*

Severe peripheral nervous system injuries currently hold limited therapeutic solutions. Existing clinical techniques such as autografts, allografts, and newer nerve guidance conduits have shown variable outcomes in functional recovery, adverse immune responses, and in some cases low or minimal availability. This can be attributed in part to the lack of chemical, physical, and electrical cues directing both nerve guidance and regeneration. To address this pressing clinical issue, electrospun nanofibers and microfibers composed of piezoelectric polyvinylidene flouride-triflouroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) have been introduced as an alternative template for tissue engineered biomaterials, specifically as it pertains to their relevance in soft tissue and nerve repair. Here, biocompatible scaolds of PVDF-TrFE are fabricated and their ability to generate an electrical response to mechanical deformations and produce a suitable regenerative microenvironment is examined. It is determined that 20% (w/v) PVDF-TrFE in (6:4) dimethyl formamide (DMF):acetone solvent maintains a desirable piezoelectric coeďŹƒcient and the proper physical and electrical characteristics for tissue regeneration. Further, it is concluded that scaolds of varying thickness promoted the adhesion and alignment of Schwann cells and fibroblasts. This work oers a prelude to further advancements in nanofibrous technology and a promising outlook for alternative, autologous remedies to peripheral nerve damage.

J. A. Orkwis, C. Smith, Prof. G. M. Harris Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA E-mail: gregory.harris@uc.edu A. K. Wolf, S.M. Shahid, Prof. L. Esfandiari Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA E-mail: Leyla.Esfandiari@uc.edu Prof. L. Esfandiari, Prof. G. M. Harris Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA Prof. G. M. Harris Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202000197.

DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000197

Macromol. Biosci. 2020, 2000197

1. Introduction

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) damage manifests in over 67 000 injured Americans annually,[1] is frequently onset by conditions such as diabetes, HIV, and cancer,[2] and disproportionately aects elderly patients.[3] The PNS possesses an inherent regenerative capacity which ensures the repair of minor contusions with limited medical intervention.

However, in Grade III and IV injuries, wherein the innermost endoneurial tissue in the PNS surrounding the nerve is transected, recovery is often limited and advanced surgical procedures are necessitated.[4] Neurorrhaphies are typically capable of repairing transections of shorter length yet lack the ability to fully rejoin nerve ends without inflammatory scarring or limited functional recovery.[5] For longer, more traumatic, injury gaps, nonsutured applications such as nerve conduits serve as mechanical guides for regenerative directionality while possessing interchangeable structural chemistry and a capacity for bioactive additives.[6] Nerve autografts, and in some cases allografts, are regarded as the consensus “gold standard� treatment for traumatic injury, but are hindered by availability of donor sites, risk of innervation, and more serious conditions such as neuroma.[7] Such limitations impart a demand for more personalized treatments. As tissue engineering techniques develop, specifically for neural engineering, researchers are increasingly focused on finding autologous approaches to either enhance, or replace, current remedies.

Electrospun nanofibrous polymers such as poly(ξcaprolactone) (PCL) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are becoming increasingly relevant for tissue engineering applications. Nanofibrous scaolds can be developed to mimic the structure of extracellular matrix (ECM) and are highly tunable to promote desired cell responses.[8] Polyvinylidene fluoridetriflouroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) copolymer exhibits a piezoelectric capacity, wherein electrical current are produced in response to mechanical deformations, mimicking important signaling events and in turn holds potential to induce regenerative phenotypes in certain cells.[9] Additionally, physical

2000197 (1 of 16)

Received: 7 May 2019

bioengineering

www.mbs-journal.de

Revised: 17 September 2019

Accepted: 17 October 2019

DOI: 10.1002/term.2987

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Article

Micropatterning Decellularized ECM as a Bioactive Surface to Guide Cell Alignment, Proliferation, and Migration

Extracellular matrix cues modulate Schwann cell morphology, proliferation, and protein expression

Emily Cady 1 , Jacob A. Orkwis 1 , Rachel Weaver 1 , Lia Conlin 1 , Nicolas N. Madigan 2 Greg M. Harris 1,3,4, *

Zhenyuan Xu1

1

2 3 4

*

and

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; cadyea@ucmail.uc.edu (E.C.); orkwisja@ucmail.uc.edu (J.A.O.); weaverrv@ucmail.uc.edu (R.W.); conlinlg@ucmail.uc.edu (L.C.) Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Madigan.Nicolas@mayo.edu Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA Correspondence: gregory.harris@uc.edu; Tel.: +1-(513)-556-4167; Fax: +1-(513)-556-3473

Received: 10 July 2020; Accepted: 27 August 2020; Published: 31 August 2020

Abstract: Bioactive surfaces and materials have displayed great potential in a variety of tissue engineering applications but often struggle to completely emulate complex bodily systems.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial, bioactive component in all tissues and has recently been identified as a potential solution to be utilized in combination with biomaterials. In tissue engineering, the ECM can be utilized in a variety of applications by employing the biochemical and biomechanical cues that are crucial to regenerative processes. However, viable solutions for maintaining the dimensionality, spatial orientation, and protein composition of a naturally cell-secreted ECM remain challenging in tissue engineering. Therefore, this work used soft lithography to create micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates of a three-dimensional nature to control cell adhesion and alignment. Cells aligned on the micropatterned PDMS, secreted and assembled an ECM, and were decellularized to produce an aligned matrix biomaterial. The cells seeded onto the decellularized, patterned ECM showed a high degree of alignment and migration along the patterns compared to controls. This work begins to lay the groundwork for elucidating the immense potential of a natural, cell-secreted ECM for directing cell function and offers further guidance for the incorporation of natural, bioactive components for emerging tissue engineering technologies.

|

Jacob A. Orkwis1

1

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

Bioengineering 2020, 7, 102; doi:10.3390/bioengineering7030102

www.mdpi.com/journal/bioengineering

Greg M. Harris1,2

Abstract Peripheral nerve injuries require a complex set of signals from cells, macrophages, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) to induce regeneration across injury sites and achieve functional recovery. Schwann cells (SCs), the major glial cell in the peripheral nervous

Funding information University of Cincinnati

mine how specific ECM cues regulate the phenotype of SCs. To address this, SCs

altering phenotype postinjury to facilitate wound healing. The ECM plays a vital role in wound healing as well as regulating cell phenotype during tissue repair. To examine the underlying mechanisms between the ECM and SCs, this work sought to deterwere cultured on polydimethylsiloxane substrates of a variable Young's modulus coated with ECM proteins. Cells were analyzed for spreading area, proliferation, cell and nuclear shape, and c�Jun expression. It was found that substrates with a stiffness of 8.67 kPa coated with laminin promoted the highest expression of c�Jun, a marker signifying a “regenerative� SC. Microcontact printed, cell adhesive areas were then utilized to precisely control the geometry and spreading of SCs and by controlling spreading area and cellular elongation; expression of c�Jun was either promoted or downregulated. These results begin to address the significant interplay between ECM cues and phenotype of SCs, while offering a potential means to enhance PNS regeneration through cellular therapies.

K E YW OR D S

differentiation, extracellular matrix, micropatterning, mechanobiology, PNS regeneration, Schwann cells

|

I N T RO D U CT I O N

approximately 2 cm and functional recovery isn't naturally achievable, two key issues are generally present (Deumens et al., 2010). The first

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) injuries remain a severe clinical chal-

issue is that current techniques to bridge the injury site in order to

lenge with traumatic injuries compromising the quality of life for

promote growth and guidance of axons are limited. The autograft is

nearly 20 million Americans (Taylor, Braza, Rice, & Dillingham, 2008).

the current gold standard of repair, yet it possesses a limited success

Yet, unlike the central nervous system, the PNS possesses the ability

rate for full functional recoveries with the additional issue of comor-

to regenerate nerves over small injury gaps to regain functional recov-

bidity (Deumens et al., 2010). The second issue is the chronic denerva-

ery. This striking regeneration potential is due in part to the plasticity

tion of the distal nerve stump, resulting in a decrease in the expression

of Schwann cells (SCs), the major glial cell of the PNS (Jessen &

level of key proregenerative SC markers, which gradually diminish the

Mirsky, 2016). However, when injury gaps exceed distances of

repair�supportive capacity of the distal stump (Jessen & Mirsky, 2016).

J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2019;1–14.

Š 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

|

system (PNS), are critical to nerve regeneration due to their inherent capacity for

1

A significant portion of tissue engineering research focuses on the ability to derive native biological structures as biomaterials for regenerative purposes [1–8]. Biomimetic structures, in particular, strive to recreate naturally regenerative microenvironments to promote desired cell behavior and mitigate inflammatory responses [9]. Recently, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been targeted as a bioactive substrate for tissue repair [10–13]. A naturally cell-assembled ECM is able to provide physical support to tissue while concurrently mediating cell and tissue behavior [14,15]. Therefore, desired phenotypic outcomes in tissue engineering such as cell alignment, proliferation, and differentiation are inherently intertwined with the ECM structure and composition [16]. As such, tissue regeneration is largely dependent on the biomechanical and biochemical structure and components of the ECM.

Braden M. DeVine2

Correspondence Greg Harris, PhD, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221.

Email: gregory.harris@uc.edu

Keywords: extracellular matrix; decellularization; micropatterning; cell alignment; biomaterials; tissue engineering

1. Introduction

|

wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/term

Š 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

1

IVAN IVANOV

“The Use of Interactive Student Response Software in an Introductory International Relations Course�

PRASHANT KHARE

“Liquid Jet in Crossow: Eect of Momentum Flux Ratio on Spray and Vaporization Characteristicsâ€?

Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2019 GT2019 June 17–21, 2019, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

GT2019-91972

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LIQUID JET IN CROSSFLOW : EFFECT OF MOMENTUM FLUX RATIO ON SPRAY AND VAPORIZATION CHARACTERISTICS

, 0 , , , Manu Kamin, Prashant Khare Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 45221-0070, USA Email: kaminms@mail.uc.edu, prashant.khare@uc.edu

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ABSTRACT

rated liquid in the gas-phase are quantitatively identified.

A comprehensive study is conducted to identify the effects of momentum flux ratio on the spray and vaporization characteristics of liquid jet injected in air crossflow at elevated temperatures, a configuration relevant to high-speed propulsion systems, such as ramjets and afterburners. The physical setup consists of a straight chamber with a triangular bluff body downstream of the liquid injection location. The numerical simulations are based on an Eulerian - Lagrangian framework, where the gas phase flow behaviors such as recirculation zones, turbulence statistics, mixing of vaporized liquid and gas streams are resolved by solving the complete set of three-dimensional conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and species, and the liquid phase is treated using the blob approach and tracked in a Lagrangian coordinate system. Turbulence closure is achieved using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. Primary breakup of the liquid jet is simulated using the K-H wave breakup model, and the Taylor Analogy Breakup (TAB) model is used for secondary breakup. Two-way coupling between the liquid and gas phases is implemented in the LES framework to systematically model the exchange of mass, momentum and energy between the two phases. The formulation is validated against experimental measurements of liquid jet penetration and sauter mean diameter for a Weber number of 68 and momentum flux ratio of 9 at two temperatures, 298K and 573K. Results show excellent agreement with measurements for both cases. Next, simulations are conducted for a range of momentum flux ratios from 10-140 to identify the detailed gas and spray fields for vaporizing flow cases. This study helps to estimate the penetration of the liquid jet, droplet distribution, and then, location of the core of evapo-

NOMENCLATURE U : velocity Ď : density Ďƒ : surface tension Âľa : Air viscosity Âľa q : momentum flux ratio - Ď j u2j /Ď a u2a We : Weber number - Ď a u2rel D/Ďƒ ReD : Jet Reynolds number - Ď a ua D/Âľa Subscripts: D : Droplet diameter a : inflow air j : liquid jet d : droplet phase INTRODUCTION Combustion in liquid fueled propulsion devices such as gas turbines, rockets and afterburners involve a series of complex phenomena, including primary and secondary atomization of the liquid fuel, vaporization, mixing, ignition, ensuing combustion and flame stabilization. Among all the physical processes, atomization and subsequent spray dynamics is especially important because the system performance is conditioned by the fuel droplet size distribution, which is often the rate-controlling process. A commonly used atomization technique in afterburners and ramjet engines consists of the liquid fuel being injected 1

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