Tunahan Sahin - Sharing Era 2121 #reindigenisation

7038AAD DESI GN,PROCESSAND COMMUNI CATI ON FI NALPORTFOLI OSUBMI SSI ON 2122SEPJAN TUNAHANSAHI N 11532914

CONTENTS BECOMEAWAREOFTI ME I NCEPTI ON GEOLOGI CALTI MESCALES THESTORYOFBRI TAI N GEOLOGYOFBRI TAI N HUMANSETTLEMENTS WHATMAKESLONDONSPECI AL? GEOLOGYOFLONDON CHALKBOWL THEFATEOFLONDON LONDONCLAY EFFECTSOFCLAY EASTI NDI ADOCKBASI N PROJECTAREA SPECI ES FROM WI LDERNESSTOREWI LDI NG SKETCHES PROPOSAL THI NGSURROUNDI NGUS WHATI SSOI L? I MPORTANCEOFSOI L LI FEFROM THEEARTH LAYERSOFSOI L FROM SOI LTOSOI L

02

CONTENTPAGE

04 05

NEW LI FEWI THLONDONCLAY LONDONCLAY PROPOSAL

20 21

06 07

WHOAREWE? GAI AHYPOTHESI S STORYOFUS

22 23

08 09

WHENWI LLWEUNDERSTAND? REALSTORY CAPI TALI SM

24 25

10 11

OUTSI DEOFTHEBOX 70’ S COGNI TI VEBEHAVI ORALTHEORY

26 27

12 13

SHARI NGERA2121 DESI GNPROCESS MASTERPLAN

28 29

14 15

SECTI ONS BUI LDI NGSECTI ON SI TESECTI ON

30 31

16 17

POSTCAPI TALI STLI FE PERSPECTI VE RENDER

32 33

18 19

DEBTTOEARTH BEFORE AFTER REFERENCES

34 35 CONTENTPAGE

03

BECOMEAWAREOFTI ME

Wi ki pedi acont r i but or s.( 2021 ,December8) .Geol ogi ct i mescal e.

Wi ki pedi a.ht t ps: / / en. wi ki pedi a. or g/ wi ki / Geol ogi c_ t i me_ scal e#/ medi a/ Fi l e: Geol ogi c_ Cl ock_ wi t h_ event s_ and_ per i ods. svg

Doeshumani t y ,whoest abl i shedmanydier entci vi l i zat i onsonourpl anetanddomi nat est he envi r onmentandpl anetwi t ht het echnol ogyi tpr oduces,r eal l yoccupyani mpor t antpl acei n t hehi st or yoft heEar t h?I sever yt hi ngpr esent edf orus,“ t hemosti mpor t antspeci es” ?Wecan answert hesequest i onsbyl ooki ngatourpl anetandt heevol ut i onofl i f eont hi spl anet .

Fi gur e1:" I nt er nat i onalSt r at i gr aphi cChar t ",I nt er nat i onalCommi ssi ononSt r at i gr aphy

Thi scl ockshowssomedefini t eevent sandgeol ogi calt i meuni t sonourpl anet .TheHadean per i odr epr esent st hepr ef ossi ler aandt hef or mat i onoft hewor l d,whi l ei not herpar t swesee t heevol ut i onofl i f e.Whatwer eal i zei nt hi sdi spl ayi st hatourexi st enceasahumanspeci esi s t oosmal lt obeseenont hi sscal e.[ Fi gur e1 ]

04

STAGE1I NCEPTI ON

Thecool i ngofourpl anetf r om t heSunandt aki ngi t sshape,t hef or mat i onofwat er andcont i nent s,t heshapi ngofi t sat mospher e,t hebegi nni ngofl i f eandt he evol ut i onofl i vi ngt hi ngs,speci est hatl i vedbef or eusandext i nct . . .

Di dal lt hi scomeaboutf orus,orar ewej ustasmal ldoti nt hi spr ocess,l i k emany speci esbef or eus?I fourwor l di s46year sol d,wehaveonl ybeenher ef or4hour s andi thasbeen1mi nut esi ncet hei ndust r i alr evol ut i on,t heansweri scl ear .

STAGE1GEOLOGI CALTI MESCALES

05

THESTORYOFBRI TAI N Duet ot hehect i cgeol ogi calhi st or yofGr eatBr i t ai n,i ti spossi bl et oseemanydier ent l andscapesont hei sl and.I nf act ,t hi shasgi vent hei sl andar i chanddi ver seappear ance.The ol destf or mat i onsar ei nt henor t h,whi l et heyoungestr ocksar ei nt hesout h.[ Fi gur e2] Not abl egeol ogi calevent s Cenozoi cer a/Pal aeogeneper i od -50mi l l i onyear sagot heAl pi neor ogeny shapedt heLondonBasi ni ni t sear l y st ages. [ Fi gur e3] TheNor t hSeaf or medandt hel andoft he Gr eatBr i t ai nupl i f t ed.

-Upl i f t edar easer odedandmor eLondon Cl aysedi ment saccumul at edi nsout her n Engl and,whi l emudflat sandr i verpond sandsbegant oaccumul at ei nt heEngl i sh Channel .

TheI sl andwast ak enoverbyt r eessuchas beech,oak,r edwoodandpal m al ongwi t h gr asses.

SwanscombeMan.( 201 0) .Ht t ps: / / Ccschmi t t .

Gi t hub.

I o/ . ht t ps: / / ccschmi t t . gi t hub. i o/ Swanscombe%20Man. ht ml

Fi gur e3:Geol ogi calmapofsout heast er nEngl andand par t sofFr ancebyWoudl oper

06

STAGE1GEOLOGYOFBRI TAI N

Fi gur e4:Pal aeogeogr aphyoft heEl st er i an/Angl i anby Cambr i dgeQuat er nar y-Uni ver si t yofCambr i dge

Fi gur e5:Occi pi t al/f or amenmagnum ofSwanscombef ossi l,Museum T aut avel( Per pi gnan-r egi on) , Fr ance

Fi gur e6:Boxof8handaxesf r om t hemi ddl egr avel sof Bar nf i el dPi t ,cont ai nedi nt heBr i t i shMuseum.

Fi gur e7:Reconst r uct i oni l l ust r at i onof400, 000-y ear -ol d shel t erf r om T er r aAmat a,Fr ance

T er r aAmat aHouse,Fr ance,HomoHei del ber gensi s, c.

600kyaâAr e. na.( 201 7,June3) .Ar e.

Na.ht t ps: / / www. ar e. na/ bl ock/ 1 052539

T er r aAmat aShel t er .( 2020,June1 7) .TheSmi t hsoni an I nst i t ut i on’ sHumanOr i gi nsPr ogr am.ht t ps: / / humanor i gi ns. si . edu/ evi dence/ behavi or / hear t hs-shel t er s/ t er r a-amat a-shel t er

Quat er nar yPal aeoenvi r onment sGr oup( QPG)»Nor t hWestEur opean Ri ver s.( 2008,December1 1 ) .Uni ver si t yofCambr i dge.ht t ps: / / www. qpg. geog. cam. ac. uk/ r esear ch/ pr oj ect s/ nweur or i ver s/ el st er i anangl i an. ht ml

Wi ki pedi acont r i but or s.( 2021 a,Sept ember21 ) .LondonBasi n.Wi ki pedi a. ht t ps: / / en. wi ki pedi a. or g/ wi ki / London_ Basi n#/ medi a/ Fi l e: Geol ogi c_ map_ SE_ Engl and_ &_ Channel _ EN. svg

Themosti mpor t antwast heAngl i anGl aci er , whi chdi ver t edt hecur r entcour seoft he Ri verThames,r eachi ngasf arasLondonand Br i st ol . [ Fi gur e4]

LondonBasi n Syncl i ne

" MapofSwanscombeSkul lSi t e" .Si t esofSpeci alSci ent i f i cI nt er est .

Nat ur alEngl and.Ar chi vedf r om t heor i gi nalon201 6-03-04

SwanscombeMan Bonef r agment s,skul l sandt ool sr epr esent i ngt heear l i estknownhumanset t l ement st ohave l i vedi nEngl andwer ef oundi nt heBar nfiel dTr ench[ about2km out si det hevi l l age, Fi gur e5], wi t hexcavat i onsbegi nni ngi n1 935.Thi ssi t ei snow knownasSwanscombeHer i t agePar k.

Quat er nar yper i od/Pl ei st oceneepoch Sever ali ceageswer ehi ghl yi nfluent i ali n t hemaj orchangesdur i ngt he Pl ei st ocene.

Fi gur e2:Remakeof“ Geol ogi calMapofUni t edKi ngdom” Ency cl opedi aBr i t anni ca, I nc.basedonamap byt heBr i t i shGeol ogi calSur vey

Fi r stSet t l ement s Ther ei sevi dencet hathumangr oupsset t l edi nsout her nEngl anddur i ngt hewar m Hoxni an Phaseaf t ert heAngl i anGl aci er .Theconst antchangesandopeni ngandcl osi ngoft he Engl i shChanneldur i ngt hi sper i odcausedGr eatBr i t ai nt obecomeani sl andf r om t i met o t i me.Weunder st andf r om t hef ossi l sandst onet ool st hatt hefir sthumansoci et i esl i vedher e.

Theear l i esthumanf ossi l severf oundi nt heBr i t i shI sl es,i ncl udi ngt heskul lofSwanscombe Man[ 00, 000year sagoal sodat ef r om t hi sper i od.

Fi gur e5]4

Fi gur e8:T er r aAmat aHouse,Fr ance, HomoHei del ber gensi s,c.

600kya

Hol oceneEpoch Cur r ent l y ,Scot l andcont i nuest or i seasar esul toft heDevensi anI cel i f t i ngwei ght s.Sout her n andeast er nEngl andi ssi nki ng,usual l yest i mat edat1 mm peryear ,andt heLondonar eai s si nki ngt wi ceasf ast ,i npar tduet ot hecont i nuedcompr essi onoft hefinalcl aydeposi t s.

STAGE1HUMANSETTLEMENTS

07

WHATMAKESLONDONSPECI AL? I fwel ookatt hepr ocessofur bani zat i onandcent r al i zat i onofLondon,wecanseet hati t s geol ogi calhi st or ypl aysaver yi mpor t antr ol ei nt hi s.Let ' sbr i eflyl ookati t sgeol ogi caladvent ur et ounder st andhow t hepr oper t i esofdier entsedi ment ar yr ockl ayer sdi r ect l ya ectt he f at eofLondon.

TheSt or yofLondon London' sgeol ogyconsi st sofsever aldier entl ayer sofsedi ment ar yr ockonwhi chEngl and wasbui l t .

Theol destr ocksunderLondon,pr ovenbysoundi ngs,ar et heol d,har dr ocksoft he Pal eozoi c.

Thi sl ayerconsi st sofSi l ur i anmudst onesandsandst onesandi sover l ai nby Devoni anl ayer s,usual l ycomposedofOl dRedSandst one. ( TheDevoni anr ocksar eabsenti n par t sofSout hLondon. ) -Pal eozoi cr ockssl opesout hwar dandar emor et han1 , 000met er sbel ow t heEngl i shChannel .

Abovet hi sl ayeri sa60-met er t hi cki mper meabl eGaul tcl ayl ayerwhi char er el at i vel yyoung.

-Ont opoft hesecl aysi sal ayerofar ol l edbedofwhi t echal kwi t hat hi cknessofabout200 met er satt het op.[ Fi gur e9] Thi schal kdeposi tunder l i est heLondonBasi n,af r act ur eboundedbyt hechal kout cr opst hat f or mt hehi l l s,av-shapedopeni ngt ot heeast .

-Chal ki sasof twhi t el i mest oneunl i k eot herl i mest onesasi ti spor ousandear t hy ,whi l e ot her sar ecompactandcr yst al l i ne.

Fi gur e1 1: Expl oded3Dgeol ogi calmodelofKi ngst onuponHul l For d,J.R. ,Mat her s,S.J. ,Royse,K.R. ,Al di ss,D.T . ,&Mor gan,D.J.( 201 0) .Geol ogi cal3Dmodel l i ng:sci ent i f i cdi scover yandenhancedunder st andi ngoft hesubsur f ace,wi t hexampl esf r om t heUK. Zei t schr i f tDerDeut schenGesel l schaf tFürGeowi ssenschaf t en,1 61 ( 2) ,205–21 8. ht t ps: / / doi . or g/ 1 0.

1 1 27 / 1 8601 804/ 201 0/ 01 61 -0205

Geol ogyofLondon,UK, Pr oceedi ngsoft heGeol ogi st s' Associ at i on, Vol ume1 23,I ssue1 , 201 2, Pages22-45, I SSN001 67878, ht t ps: / / doi . or g/ 1 0.

1 01 6/ j . pgeol a.

201 1 .

07.

005. ( ht t ps: / / www. sci encedi r ect . com/ sci ence/ ar t i cl e/ pi i / S001 678781 1 00071 X)

-Thechal kbedi sfil l edwi t haser i esofcl aysandsands.

Themosti mpor t antoft hesei st hehar d,gr ay-bl ueLondonCl ay,whi chi swel lknownf ort he f ossi l si tcont ai nsandi sal ayermor et han1 50met er st hi ckundert heci t y.[ Fi gur e1 0]

Fi gur e9:Sect i onofLondon

08

STAGE1GEOLOGYOFLONDON

Fi gur e1 0:Geol ogi calmapsofcent r alLondon,

Paul ,J.D.( 201 6) .Hi gh-r esol ut i ongeol ogi calmapsofcent r alLondon, UK:Compar i sonswi t ht heLondonUnder gr ound.Geosci enceFr ont i er s, 7( 2) ,273–286.ht t ps: / / doi . or g/ 1 0.

1 01 6/ j . gsf .

201 5.

05.

004

I nf act ,att hi sst age,t hi ngsgetmor ei nt er est i ngandt hef at eofLondonbegi nst obedet er mi ned.Asar eflect i onoft hemi sconcept i ont hatwet hi nkwedomi nat enat ur e,we,whoar ea poi nti nt hegeol ogi caladvent ur eofourpl anet ,r eal i zet hatwear eact ual l yast al ent edas nat ur eo er sus.

Fi gur e1 2: Sect i onacr osst heLondonBasi ndr awni n1 849 ( 201 2) .Har r ow andHi l l i ngdonGeol ogi calSoci et yGeol ogyofLondon.ht t ps: / / www. hhgs. or g. uk/ mont hl y_ meet i ngs/ pr evi ous_ meet i ngs/ l ondon_ geol ogy/ l ondon_ geol ogy . ht m

Nat ur e,f or mi ngabasi nwi t habedofchal kont hei mper meabl eol dhar dr ockl ayerunderi t , al mosto er edat r eati nLondon.Thi sbowlat t r act edpeopl easi tfil l edwi t hLondonCl ayand al l uvi um br oughtbyt her i ver sovert i me.

Thi schal kbowlfil l edt ot hebr i m wi t hcl aygavet he peopl ewhoset t l edi nLondont heoppor t uni t yt oest abl i shci vi l i zat i onandcr eat eacent er .

I nor dert of ur t herunder st andt henat ur et hatwi l lr ei nf or cet hi si deaandcomet ouswi t h ot hersur pr i ses,i ti snecessar yt ounder st andt hei mpor t anceofLondoncl ay.

STAGE1CHALKBOWL

09

THEFATEOFLONDON

Fi gur e1 5: Pi ccadi l l yCi r cust ube st at i onbyRenzoPi casso,1 929

10

STAGE1LONDONCLAY

Fi gur e1 6: Cr oss-sect i onofMonumentandBankSt at i ons

Fi gur e1 7: Ol i ver ' sWhar f ,aVi ct or i anwar ehouse, showi ngcl eaner ,mor evi si bl yyel l ow Londonst ockbr i ck

Fi gur e1 8: Londonst ockbr i cks Or i gi nalLondonSt ock-Br i ckhunt er .( 2020) .Or i gi nalLondon St ock.ht t ps: / / br i ckhunt er . com/ br i cks/ i mper i al -handmade-br i cks-or i gi nal -l ondon-st ock-y el l ow-cl ayf aci ng-br i ck

Fossi lflor aandf auna Pl antf ossi l s,par t i cul ar l yseedsandf r ui t s,havebeencol l ect edf r om LondonCl ayf ornear l y 300year s.[ ondoncl ay ,whi chhasadi r ecti mpactont hef at eofl ondon,al soo er sus Fi gur e1 9]L t heoppor t uni t yt oconductr esear cht oday ,t hankst oi t sabi l i t yt opr eser vedier entspeci esi n i t sst r uct ur e.

Fr i edman,M.( 201 6,Januar y1 ) .TheEngl i shChal kandLondon Cl ay :t wor emar kabl eBr i t i shbonyf i shLager st ät t en.Geol ogi cal Soci et y ,London,Speci alPubl i cat i ons.ht t ps: / / sp. l y el l col l ect i on. or g/ cont ent / 430/ 1 / 1 65

St r uct ur al .( 201 3,December1 2) .London:TheUnder gr oundRai l way . ht t ps: / / met r opol i t ant oj ubi l ee. wor dpr ess. com/ st r uct ur al /

Londoni st .( 201 6,December1 4) .London’ sHi ddenT unnel sReveal edI n Amazi ngCut aways.ht t ps: / / l ondoni st . com/ l ondon/ t r anspor t / l ondon-cut aways

Fi gur e1 3:LondonCl ay

Thesandandgr avell ayer sconsi stoffli nt ,quar t zandquar t zi t i cpebbl es.Thi spr ovi dedt he r aw mat er i alt of or mt hebasi soft heLondonbr i cki ndust r yi nsomepl aces.[ ove Fi gur e1 7]Ab t hesenat ur all ayer sar edeposi t sofhundr edsofyear sofhumanoccupat i on.

I nt heol dest par t soft heCi t yofLondonandt heCi t yofWest mi nst er ,t hi sl ayercanr eachupt o6met er s deep.

-ManyLondonbui l di ngsar enat ur al l ybui l twi t hLondoncl ay .Whenbur nedandcompact ed, Londoncl ayt ur nsi nt oabr i ckknownasLondonst ock,whi chi sf amousf ori t s yel l ow-br owni shhue.[ Fi gur e1 8] Ol i ver ’ sWhar f ,Wappi ng,LondonE1 .( 2009) .Vi ct or i anweb.ht t ps: / / vi ct or i anweb. or g/ ar t / ar chi t ect ur e/ i ndust r i al / 1 0. ht ml

T r ackl ayi ngi nat ubet unnelnearHi ghgat eUnder gr ound st at i on,1 938.( 201 5,December1 7) .Wal lSt r eetI nt er nat i onal .ht t ps: / / wsi mag. com/ l ondon-t r anspor t -museum/ ar t wor ks/ 80805T r ackl ayi ngi nat ubet unnelnear Hi ghgat eUnder gr oundst at i on,1 938.( 201 5,December1 7) .

Wal lSt r eetI nt er nat i onal .ht t ps: / / wsi mag. com/ l ondon-t r anspor t -museum/ ar t wor ks/ 80805

LondonCl ay .( 2021 ,Oct ober25) .Al chet r on.

Com. ht t ps: / / al chet r on. com/ London-Cl ay

Fi gur e1 4: T r ackl ayi ngi na t ubet unnelnear Hi ghgat eUndegr oundst at i on, 1 938

-UnderLondon,at hi ckl ayerofLondonCl ay ,pr ovi di ngasof tbutst abl eenvi r onmentf or t unnel i ng,al l owedt her api dconst r uct i onoft heLondonUnder gr ound.[ Fi gur e1 4] -LondonCl ayi st hei dealmat er i alf ort unnel i ng,sot heLondonUnder gr oundmovedver y qui ckl yatt henor t hoft heRi verThames.However , att hesout hoft heThames,t her ear ef ew mor et ubes,ast hel ayeratt hel evelwher et het ubeswi l lbeopenedconsi st smost l yofsand andgr avel .

-LondonCl ayo er sawai t i ngt i mel ongenought oal l ow t ubeopeni ngt obedonewi t houti mmedi at eassi st ance.I ti sal sonear l ywat er pr oof ,whi chpr event sgr oundwat erf r om seepi ng i nt ot het unnel .

Anot herf eat ur ei st hatbui l di ngt al lbui l di ngsi nLondonr equi r esver ydeep,l ar geandcost l y pi l ef oundat i ons.Thi shaschangedi nr ecentyear sduet ot hedevel opmentof' pl ungepi l es 'so t hatLondon' sskyscr aper sfloatonr af t sembeddedi ncl ay .However ,t hi sf eat ur epl ayeda maj orr ol ei nt hedevel opmentoft heci t yovert i me.

LondonCl ayShapi ngLondon!

ver yr ar ecompl et el ondoncl ayseat ur t l ef ossi lar gi l l ochel ys ant i quasheppey|#473093341 .( 201 8) .Wor t hpoi nt .ht t ps: / / www. wor t hpoi nt . com/ wor t hopedi a/ compl et e-l ondon-cl ay-sea-t ur t l e-47309334

Wet r i edt ounder st andwhatmak esLondonspeci alf r om i t sgeol ogi caladvent ur e.Thel ondon Cl aywaspr esent edi nachal kbowlal sodi r ect l ya ect edt heci vi l i zat i onaladvent ur e.I nvi ew oft hef actt hatduet osomeuni quef eat ur esofLondonCl ay[ ,webui l ti tasmuchas Fi gur e1 3] t hi scl ayl ayeral l owedus.However ,t hemostbeaut i f ulandmosti mpor t antf eat ur eofLondon Cl ayi st hati tcant el lust hi sadvent ur ebeaut i f ul l ywhi l ewi t nessi ngal lt hei nci dent s.

Fi gur e1 9: LondonCl ay ,SeaT ur t l eFossi l

Fi gur e20: Fossi l si nLondonCl ay

STAGE1EFFECTSOFCLAY

11

EASTI NDI ADOCKBASI N Li f eatEastI ndi aDockBasi n Bi r ds Nes tr af t si nt hear eaar eus edbyal ar genumberofbi r dss uchascommont er ns , cor mor ant s , mal l ar dsandmut es wans , aswel l asbl ackr eds t ar t sandk i ngfi s her s .

I fyouwantt owat chbi r ds , t her ear emanys peci al s pot si nt hear ea.

CommonT er ns

EastI ndi aDockBasi n|LeeVal l eyRegi onalPar kAut hor i t y .( 2020) .Leeval l ey . ht t ps: / / www. l eeval l eypar k. or g. uk/ east -i ndi a-dock-basi n Wi ki pedi acont r i but or s.( 2021 b,November9) .EastI ndi aDocks.Wi ki pedi a. ht t ps: / / en. wi ki pedi a. or g/ wi ki / East _ I ndi a_ Docks

Par toft hef or merEas tI ndi aDock , t hes i t ei sabr ack i s ht i dal whar fcont ai ni ngbot hs al tandf r es hwat erflor aandavar i et yofwet l andhabi t at s .

I nt henor t h, wher et her ear es al t mar s handbus hes , t her ear eal s ogr as s ymeadowsandas mal l woodl and.

Thi si st heonl ypl acei nLeeVal l eyPar kwi t h s al t mar s hhabi t at .

Thes i t ei smanagedbyt heLondonWi l dl i f eT r us t .

1 1

12

Mut eSwan

Themeadow, whi chi sver yr i chi nflower s , al s ocont ai nss al s i f yandwar t ycabbage, whi char e i nt er es t i ngt os eei nt her egi on.

I naddi t i ont ot hes e, meadowflower ss uchasl adi esbeds t r awand s al adbur netar ef r equent l yencount er ed.

2

3 7

6

9

STAGE1PROJECTAREA

Mal l ar d

Bl ackReds t ar t Ki ngfi s her Yel l owl eggedGul l Li t t l eRi ngedPl over Pl ant s Ont henor t hs i deoft hequayi sadens er eedbedcons i s t i ngofcommonr eedsands eas t i ck s .

I nt he s al tmar s h, unus ual l y , s eami l k gr as sands eaar r owgr as sar eabundant .

Wi l dcel er y , whi chwear enot accus t omedt os eei ngi nLondon, hasal s obeengr own.

Thequaywal l sar ecover edwi t hf er ns , par s ni p, ands eaas t er s .

1 5

Fi gur e21 : Hi st or yofEastI ndi aDockBasi n

Cor mor ant

1 0

1 2 1 3

8

41 Se ac l u b r u s h 2Se ami l k wo r t 3Sa l s i f y 4Se aa r r o wg r a s s 5Wi l dc e l e r y 6F e r n g r a s s 7 Wa r t yc a b b a g e 8Co mmo nr e e d 9Sa l t ma r s h 1 0Wi l dc a r r o t 1 1 Bu t t o n we e d 1 2L a d i e sb e d s t r a w 1 3Sa l a db u r n e t 4Se aa s t e r 1 41

STAGE1SPECI ES

13

FROM WI LDERNESSTOREWI LDI NG Asar esul toft hi sl ongandar duousj our neyofLondonCl ay,It houghtt hatLondonCl ayi sa mat er i alt hatcr eat eshar mony ,nott r yi ngt odomi nat enat ur e,i st hebestsol ut i on.Ii nt endedi t t obeaf eat ur et hatdi sappear sbyi t sel f .Ther ul esar ecompl et el ysetbynat ur eandal ll i vi ng cr eat ur es,andmysoi ldesi gnr et ur nst oi t ssour cewhent het i mecomes.

Thepur poseoft hest r uct ur e,whi chi sf or medbyt hewayt hecl ayi spr ocessedi nmul t i pl e ways,i st ocr eat edier enti nt er act i onar easwi t hl i vi ngt hi ngs.Thi sdier encei sachi eved bot hbyt hewayt hemat er i ali spr ocessedandbyt hedier entgeomet r yi tcr eat es.

4 Yel l owl egged Gul l

ThePl at f or m float i ngonaTer r aCot t aPl at econsi st sf r om 4i nt er act i onszones

3 2

1 -Sedi ment / Soi lSur f ace:Al l owst hepar t i cl esi nwat ert ost i ckandaccumul at eoni t 2-Ter r aCot t aFi l t er :Cr eat esamoi standdar kenvi r onmentf ori nsect st or epr oduce

1

Mal l ar d

3-Wat er pi t :Hel psbal anceandnew i nt er act i onsur f acebet weenmudandwat er .

4-MudWal l s: Adynami csur f acef orever yspeci es -I nconst antchangeexceptTer r aCot t aPl at eandRammedEar t hTower -Dier entzonesofi nt er act i onhavebeencr eat edand speci esdeci dehow t ouset hem

Per spect i ve

1

2

Sedi mentSur f ace

Ter r acot t aFi l t er

Pr oj ect i onSk et ch

3

4

Camer a

Rammed Ear t h

MudWal l

Per spect i veSk et ch

14

STAGE1SKETCHES

Sect i onSk et ch

Wat er pi t

MudWal l Changeswi t he ectof wat erands peci es

STAGE1PROPOSAL

15

THI NGSURROUNDI NGUS Thesoi li sami xt ur et hathost sal lor gani candi nor gani csubst ances.Thi scovert hatsur r oundsusi scal l edt hepedospher eandhas4mai nf unct i ons.[ Fi gur e22] +envi r onmentf orpl antgr owt handdevel opment +wat erst or ageandcl eaner +at mospher est abi l i zer +medi um f oror gani sms How i ssoi lf or med?

Thef or mat i onoft hesoi l ,aswecani magi ne,occur sasar esul tofaver yl ongt i me.I tt ak es t housandsofyear sf ort hef or mat i onofonemi l l i met erofsoi l .[ Fi gur e23] Ti mei st hemosti mpor t antf act ori nt hef or mat i onoft hesoi l .Ot herf act or st hatf or m and shapet hesoi lar e: +l i vi ngor gani smssuchaspl ant s,ani mal s,bact er i a,andf ungi +t opogr aphi ccondi t i onsoft hepl acewher et hesoi li sf or med +cl i mat i ccondi t i ons +basemi ner al sandr ockst hatwi l lf or mt hesoi l

TheSoi lBi ot a|Lear nSci enceatSci t abl e.( 201 2) .Nat ur eEducat i on.ht t ps: / / www. nat ur e. com/ sci t abl e/ knowl edge/ l i br ar y/ t he-soi l -bi ot a-840781 25/ ? er r or = cooki es_ not _ suppor t ed&code= d436a26f -61 3a-46 be-850a-c61 2bd91 45ca

Whati ssoi l ?

Fi gur e23:For mat i onofSoi l

Fi gur e22:I nt er act i vepr ocessesl i nki ngt hepedospher ewi t h t heat mospher e,bi ospher e,hy dr ospher e,andl i t hospher e.

W.( 201 8) .Cl i mat eandSoi lComposi t i on.Weat her STEM.ht t ps: / / l ear n. weat her st em. com/ modul es/ l ear n/ l essons/ 85/ 06. ht ml

Whati st hei mpor t anceofsoi lt ous?

Soi lpl aysaver yk eyr ol ef orl i f eont hepl anetwel i veon.[ t hought her ear emany Fi gur e24]Al r ol est hatweknow anddonotknow,wecansummar i zesomei mpor t antt asks. +Mostoft hepl ant sdependonsoi lt ogr ow andt hr i ve,andt hi si svi t alf orpl ant s.

Whi l ecr eat i nganenvi r onmentwher et heycant ak er ootandhol don,t heyal sogett hei rf oodandwat er r esour cest hr ought hesoi l . +Thesoi li shomet ot hegasesi tr el easesi nt ot heat mospher eandt heor gani smst hatbi nd t hegasesi nt heat mospher et oi t sel fandmai nt ai nt hebal ancei nourat mospher e. +Themai nf oodsour cef oral ll i vi ngspeci esont hepl anet . +Al l owswat ert obefil t er edandpur i f yi ng. +Pl aysak eyr ol ei nt hecar bonandni t r ogencycl es.

Cat egor i esofSoi l[ Fi gur e25] Cl ay/t hefinestt ypeofsoi l , l esst han2mi cr omet r es.

Si l t/2-60mi cr omet r es.

Sand/vi si bl ewi t ht henak edeye St ones/l ar gert han2mm

16

STAGE2WHATI SSOI L?

Fi gur e24:Speci esi nsoi l Al lAboutSoi l–Par t2Soi lFoodWeb–Equi nePer macul t ur e.( 201 8,November1 8) .

Equi nePer macul t ur e.ht t ps: / / equi neper macul t ur e. com/ bl og/ 201 8/ 1 1 / 1 8/ al l -about -soi l s-par t -2-soi l f ood-web/

Fi gur e25:Soi lCat egor i es I .( 201 9) .Soi lT ypesCl assi f i cat i on.I mgur .ht t ps: / / i mgur . com/ r / cool gui des/ FRvsGHO

STAGE2I MPORTANCEOFSOI L

17

Thi sl ayerofsoi li shomet ot hemosti nt ense bi ol ogi calact i vi t y ,wi t hmanyi nsect sand smal lani mal sget t i ngi nt oi t .

Thesepl antr oot s act ual l ypl ayani mpor t antr ol ei nk eepi ngt hi s l ayerofsoi lont hegr ound.

Themi ner al si nt he upperpar toft hesoi ldi ssol vei nt hef r esh wat ermovi ngi nt hi sl ayerandar ecar r i edt o t hel owerl ayer soft hesoi l .

OHor i zon( Humusoror gani c)-Layer ofor gani cr esi dues AHor i zon( T opsoi l )-Layerofmi ner al soi lwi t hmostor gani cmat t eraccumul at i onandsoi ll i f e

Soi lBi odi ver si t yDi gi t alExhi bi t i on|Emi r at esSoi lMuseum.( 2021 ) .Emi r at esSoi lMuseum.ht t ps: / / www. emi r at essoi l museum. or g/ di gi t al -exhi bi t i on/ sect i on_ 2

Topsoi l

TheSoi lBi ot a|Lear nSci enceatSci t abl e.( 201 2) .Nat ur eEducat i on.ht t ps: / / www. nat ur e. com/ sci t abl e/ knowl edge/ l i br ar y/ t he-soi l -bi ot a-840781 25/ ? er r or = cooki es_ not _ suppor t ed&code= d436a26f -61 3a -46be-850a-c61 2bd91 45ca

LI FEFROM THEEARTH

Fi gur e26:Ar enasofact i vi t yi nsoi l scont ai nhotspot s.

Fi gur e27:TheSoi lFoodWeb

EHor i zon( El uvi at ed)-Layerofsoi l i sl eachedofcl ay , mi ner al s, and or gani cmat t er BHor i zon( Subsoi l )-Layert hatver y r i chi nmi ner al s CHor i zon( Par entmat er i al )-Layerof l ar geunbr ok enr ocks-noevi denceof weat her i ng RHor i zon( Bedr ock )-l ayerofsoi li s madeupofamassofr ocksuchas gr ani t e, basal t , quar t zi t e, l i mest one, or sandst one.

Fi gur e28: Capsul aMundi Or gani cBur i alPodsWi l lT ur nY ourLovedOnesI nt oT r ees -Usa,M. ,-Uk,G. ,&-Mexi co,B.( 2021 ,Oct ober1 9) .Capsul aMundi-Thebi odegr adabl eur nt obecomea t r eeaf t erdeat h.Capsul aMundi .ht t ps: / / www. capsul amundi . i t / en/ D.( 201 5,Febr uar y26) .For getCof f i ns–Or gani cBur i alPodsWi l lT ur nY ourLovedOnesI nt oT r ees.Bor ed Panda.ht t ps: / / www. bor edpanda. com/ bi odegr adabl e-bur i al -pod-memor yf or est -capsul a-mundi / ? ut m_ sour ce= googl e&ut m_ medi um= or gani c&ut m_ campai gn= or gani c

Fr om mi cr oscopi ct ospacescal e-Gl i mpseoft heuni ver se Soi li sahabi t atnotonl yonourpl anet ,butal sowi del yspr eadt hr oughoutspace,consi st i ngof l i mi t edr esour cesandf or mi ngecos yst emsi nper spect i vesr angi ngf r om mi cr oscopi ct o l andscapescal e.[ Fi gur e26] El ement sr esul t i ngf r om var i ousbi ogeochemi calpr ocessest hr ought hei nt er act i onofsoi l or gani smsi nf oodwebs[ r ediused,t r ansf or med,andr el ocat edt hr oughoutt he Fi gur e27]a pedospher e.

18

STAGE2LAYERSOFSOI L

Capsul aMundi[ Fi gur e28] Desi gner sAnnaCi t el l iandRaoulBr et zelpr oposedamet hodot hert hanconvent i onalbur i al s.

Usi nganegg-l i k esol ubl emat er i ali nst eadofaco n,i ti spl acedi nsi det hebodyoft he deceasedandt hebur i ali smade.Thet r eechosenbyt heper sonorhi sf ami l yi sal sopl ant edon t hatar ea.

I nf act ,whenwel ookati t ,weencount ert hest at eofbei ngst r anger sevenwhenpeopl edi ei n t r adi t i onalcer emoni es.Wear equi t ef or ei gnt onat ur e,wehavecuto ourcont actwi t ht he soi landwear ecompl et el yal i enat edt onat ur e.Whi l et hesamebi ol ogi calpr ocesswi l lwor kf or al ll i vi ngt hi ngs,wewi l lofcour sebet hel oser si nt hi sst ubbor nnessagai nstnat ur e.

STAGE2FROM SOI LTOSOI L

19

NEW LI FEWI THLONDONCLAY 1Spat i alScal e/Ti meScal e cl aypar t i cl es

2TheObser ver

pyr i t epar t i cl es

3TheObser vat i onPr ocess I sanot herl i f epossi bl e?

Cont r ar yt owhatwet hi nk,t hi smoder nl i f et hatwe cl aydomai ns haveest abl i shedf orour sel vesandt hatweof t en boastast hemostper f ectofl i vi ngt hi ngshasbr oughtus manydi sadvant ages.

What ' ssoper f ectaboutbecomi ngi gnor antofevent henat ur ewel i vei n?

Ever yonei sgi venan equalLondonCl aycube

Peopl est ar tcar vi ng t hesecubes

Manshapest hei nsi de andnat ur eout si de

St ar t smaki ngt ool swi t h t hecl ayshehascar ved f r om t hei nsi de

Cubebegi nst ochange wi t hhumanand non-humani nt er vent i on

I ti scl eart hatcont i nui ngt hi sst ubbor nnessandi gnor ance,evenaf t erl i vi ngcompl et el y di sconnect edf r om nat ur e,causesusal otofl oss.

Soi sanot herl i f epossi bl e?

I si tpossi bl et ol i veal i f ewher ewesoci al i zewi t hourpastandf ut ur e,t hi spl anetwhose r esour cesweuser udel y ,soci al i zenotonl ywi t hpeopl ebutwi t hal lnat ur e,wher ewecan under st andt headvent ur eoft her esour cesweuseandt al kt ot hem?

20

STAGE2LONDONCLAY

Fi gur e31 : Sout heastl ondon-agener al i sedgeol ogi c alsuc c essi on

Fi gur e30:Pr ogr essi v edr y i ngoft he l ondonc l ay

Fi gur e29:Cl aypar t i c l esanddomai nsar oundapy r i t epar t i c l e

Kat her i neR.Royse,Mi kedeFr ei t as,Wi l l i am G.Bur gess,JohnCosgr ove,Ri char dC.Ghai l ,Phi lGi bbar d,Chr i sKi ng,Ur sul aLawr ence,Ror yN.Mor t i mor e,HughOwen,Jacki eSki pper , Geol ogyofLondon,UK, Pr oceedi ngsoft heGeol ogi st s' Associ at i on, Vol ume 1 23,I ssue1 , 201 2, Pages22-45, I SSN001 67878, ht t ps: / / doi . or g/ 1 0.

1 01 6/ j . pgeol a.

201 1 .

07.

005.

Al i f et hatwecanl i veasapar toft hi shar mony ,notasast r angeront hi spl anet ,i sact ual l ynot t hatdi cul t .Justest abl i shi ngourper spect i veandt hewayoft hi nki ngatdier entscal escan bet hebegi nni ngoft hi swor k.

Peopl espendt hei rwhol e l i vesi nt hi sear t hencube

Theyar ebur i edi nt he samesoi laf t erdeat h

Gr eenhousegasemi ssi onsar ewar mi ngourpl anet ' s at mospher e,mel t i nggl aci er sandr ai si ngseal evel s.Awar mer at mospher ebr i ngsflashfloods.I st hel i f eofLondonr eal l y30 year s,asi nt hedat a?

I nanot hert i met hey becomeaf or est

STAGE2PROPOSAL

21

WHOAREWE? GAI AHYPOTHESI S( JamesLovel ockandL ynnMar gul i s )[ Fi gur e32]

Sci ent i st scanputf or war dmanyt heor i esaboutwhet herourpl aneti sacol l ect i vegi antsuper or gani sm.However ,t heonl yf actt hatwecancl ear l yseeandunder st andi sanychangei nany par tofourpl aneta ect st hewhol e.

TheGai ahypot hesi spost ul at est hatl i vi ngor gani smsi nt er actwi t ht hei ri nor gani c envi r onmentont hepl anet ,acompl ex,syner gi st i candsel f -r egul at i ngsyst em t hathel ps mai nt ai nl i vi ngcondi t i ons.

Thehypot hesi si ncl udeshow t heevol ut i onoft hebi ospher eand or gani smsa ectgl obalt emper at ur e,t hesal i ni t yofseawat er ,at mospher i coxygenl evel s,t he mai nt enanceofanaquat i chydr ospher e,andot herenvi r onment alvar i abl est hata ectEar t h' s habi t abi l i t y .

I naddi t i on,t hepr obl emsweexper i enceashumani t yst em f r om ourunder st andi ngofl i f e ast hedier encei nt heset woi mages.[ Fi gur e20]

Thehypot hesi si sgener al l ygr oupedundert hef ol l owi ngheadi ngs: +Regul at i onofgl obalsur f acet emper at ur e +Regul at i onofoceani csal i ni t y +Regul at i onofoxygeni nt heat mospher e Whatdoesi tmeant obehuman?I t ’ sasi mpl equest i on,j ustaf ew shor twor ds,buti tunwr aps t hebundl eofcompl exi t y ,cont r adi ct i ons,andmyst er yt hati sahumanl i f e.

I t ’ saquest i onwe havebeenaski ngf ort housandsofyear s.Pr i est sandpoet s,phi l osopher sandpol i t i ci ans,sci ent i st sandar t i st shaveal lsoughtt oanswert hi sul t i mat epuzzl e,butal lf el lshor t ,neverabl e t of ul l ycapt ur et hevast nessoft hehumanexper i ence.

I tar guest hatt heEar t hi sacompl et eandsel f -r egul at i ngcompl exs yst em asanevol vi ng s yst em t hati ncl udest hebi ospher e,at mospher e,hydr ospher e,andpedospher e.Thi s super or gani sm,[ al l edGai a,asawhol epr ovi dest heopt i mum physi calandchemi cal Fi gur e33]c envi r onmentf ormoder nl i f e.

Sel f -evol vi ngt obecomemor ee ect i ve Sel f -r egul at i ngt obeabl et ocont r olandmoni t or Sel f -sust ai ni ngt omai nt ancur r entl i f ei ndefinet l y

St or yofUs Let ’ sst ar twi t ht hef act s.Wear eonespeci esofpr i mat et hat emer gedf r om t hedr ysavannahsofEastAf r i caj ustover 1 00, 000year sagoandbeganami gr at i ont hatcont i nuest o t oday .

Jabr ,F.( 201 9,Apr i l20) .Opi ni on|TheEar t hI sJustasAl i veasY ouAr e.TheNew Y or kTi mes. ht t ps: / / www. nyt i mes. com/ 201 9 / 04/ 20/ opi ni on/ sunday/ amazon-ear t h-r ai nf or est -envi r onment . ht ml

Dool i t t l e,F.W.( 201 9,December3) .TheGai ahypot hesi sr ei magi nedbyoneofi t skeyscept i cs| AeonEssays.Aeon.ht t ps: / / aeon. co/ essays/ t he-gai a-hypot hesi s-r ei magi ned-by-one-of -i t s-key-scept i cs

Sci ent i st shavef r equent l ycr i t i ci zedt hi shypot hesi s,i ncl udi ngnat ur alsel ect i onandevol ut i on, confli ctwi t ht went yfir stcent ur ysci ence,andt heol ogi caldebat es.

Fi gur e32:Ar enasofact i vi t yi nsoi l scont ai nhotspot s.

22

STAGE3GAI AHYPOTHESI S

Fi gur e33:Ar enasofact i vi t yi nsoi l scont ai nhotspot s.

Wewer en’ tt hest r ongestani mal ,butwehadanunusual l y l ar gebr ai nandhel dour sel vesupr i ght ,gi vi ngusahi gh vant aget oscant hedi st anthor i zonf orenemi es,andt he f r eedom t ouseourhandsf orot herpur poses.

T wel vet housandyear sago,wel ear nedhow t odomest i cat e pl ant sandot herani mal sf orf ood,andwer eabl et oset t l ei n onepl ace.Webecameasoci alani mal ,bui l di ngcompl excommuni t i est hatbecomeki ngdoms,l ear ni ngt ot r adewi t heach ot herusi ngaconceptcal l edmoney .

By2500year sago,asmal lgr oupofhumansi nSout her n Eur opeandt heMi ddl eEastst ar t edt oaskbi gquest i ons aboutwhowewer e.Whati st hebestwayt ol i ve?Whati sa goodl i f e?Whatdoesi tmeant obehuman?How we r espondedt ot hesequest i onsi show webui l tourci vi l i sat i on, ar t ,andphi l osophy .Fi vehundr edyear sago,t hesci ent i fic r evol ut i onbegan,al l owi ngust ohar nesst her esour cesofour pl anett ol i vel ongerandmor epr oduct i vel i ves.

STAGE3STORYOFUS

23

WHENWI LLWEUNDERSTAND? Iact ual l ywantt ot el lt her estoft hest or yf r om myownper spect i ve.

Ourst or yi s r emar kabl e.

Whi l ei ti st hest or yofast oni shi ngdevel opmentf orourspeci es,i ti sal sot he t al eofbi l l i onsofi ndi vi duall i vesechoi ngdownt hemi l l enni a,al loft hem f ul lofhope andpr omi se,f earanddi sappoi nt ment .

Wedon' tknow wher et her ai nbow war r i or sar ebutt her ear esomet hi ngswedoknow.

Wehave exhaust edourr esour ces[ nt hel astf ew decadesanddr aggedour sel vesi nt oacaFi gur e20]i t ast r ophe[ l ongwi t hourpl anet .It hi nkweunder st oodorst i l ldi dnotunder st andt hat Fi gur e20]a moneycannotbeeat en.

THEGREATESTSTORYEVERTOLD Wer eal i zedhow weakandpower l essweact ual l yar e.

Humanbei ng,oneoft henewestmember sofevol ut i onandt heuni ver se,hasf oundawayt ot ur nhi sdi sadvant ages i nt oanadvant age.

Br ai nandhandsst ar t edt opl ayabi gpar ti nt hi sst or y .

T r i edt omak esenseofwhatwashappeni ngar oundhi m becausehehadt osur vi ve.

Changedt het hi ngshet houghthecoul dcont r olandbegant ocr eat e.

Accept edhi sweaknessi nt hi ngshecoul dnotcont r olanddevel opeddier entper cept i ons.

Buthedi dn' tr eal i zehow l azyhi sbr ai nwas,whi chheboast edabout .

Hecat egor i zedever yt hi ngt ounder st andandmadehi sj obeasi erbyusi ngt ool s.

Cutdownt r eest ogetast hma Hebui l tahugewor l dt ofindanexcuset oki l l .

I sn' tt hest or yofhumani t yamazi ng?How di dheachi eveal lt hi s?

Fi r st ,hesepar at edhi msel ft hant heot her sandsaw hi msel fasmor ei mpor t antt hanever yoneel se.

Het houghtever yt hi ngwast her ef orhi m.

Lear nedt ocr eat eboundar i esandt houghti twoul dhel pt of eelsaf e.

Nodi st i nct i onwasenough,hest r uggl edt ofindnamesf ort hem.

Thi swasnotenough,hehadt ohavesuchat oolt hatheshoul dhavedi ver si fiedt hi sdi st i nct i onevenmor e.

T emper at ur es.( 2021 ,November ) .Cl i mat eAct i onT r acker .ht t ps: / / cl i mat eact i ont r acker . or g/ gl obal / t emper at ur es/

Bl ackHol eCapi t al i sm Capi t al i sm,i nt hedi ct i onar y' smeani ng,i sconsi der edasaneconomi csyst em i nwhi chpr i vat e act or sacqui r eandcont r olpr oper t yaccor di ngt ot hei rowni nt er est sandhavepr i cest hatar e f r eel ydet er mi nedi nt hemar k et saccor di ngt ot hebal anceofdemandandsuppl yi naway t hatwi l lbestser vet hei nt er est soft hesoci et y.Themai nmot i vat i onofcapi t al i sm i st ofind sol ut i onst hatwi l lmakepr ofit .

However ,i fwel eaveasi det hef ancysent enceswher et hewi nner swr i t et hehi st or yandt he st r ongonesett her ul es,t heanswerofcapi t al i sm i nourdai l yl i f eandgl obalpr obl emsi s endl esspr obl emssuchashomel essness,hunger ,i nequal i t y,economi ccr i sest hatr ecur ever yt enyear s,unempl oyment .

I ti snotpossi bl ef orust osol venew di scussi ons,di seases andr ecur r i ngpr obl emswhi l econt i nui ngt ol i vei nt hi ssyst em.

Al t houghwet hi nkt hatwesol vepr obl emsdai l yandper i odi cal l y ,weact ual l ypost ponei t .

Thus,wecr eat eabi ggerpr obl em daybyday.

Di dhef eelr el i evedwhenhecompl et edal lt hesepar at i ons?Thi st i mehehadt ouseal lt hi st ohi sownbenefit s.

Someoft hem,whosaw t hemsel vesasdier entf r om nat ur eandot hercr eat ur es,evenhumans,becamer ut hl ess.

Hei nvent edsomet hi ngt hatdi dn' tneedt ospendal mostanyener gyanymor e.

I t ' sl i k eabl ackhol ewi t haver yhi ghadapt abi l i t yandconst ant l yswal l owi ngever yt hi ng.

“Onl ywhenthel asttreehasbeencutdown,thel astfishbeencaught,andthel aststream poi soned,wi l lwereal i zewecannoteatmoney. ”-Chi efSeattl e “WhentheEarthi ssi ck,theani mal swi l lbegi ntodi sappear ,whenthathappens, TheWarri orsoftheRai nbow wi l lcometosavethem. ”-Chi efSeattl e

24

STAGE3REALSTORY

I nf ogr aphi cs&Vi deos.( 2021 ,Sept ember21 ) .Ear t hOver shootDay . ht t ps: / / www. over shoot day . or g/ newsr oom/ i nf ogr aphi cs/

Fi gur e36:Wel l come,Ant i bi ot i cs

Br ai ni acMedi aLi mi t ed.( 201 6) .3ef f ect i vewayst ot hi nk “ out si det hebox” .ht t ps: / / www. br ai ni acmedi a. net / bl ogs/ 1 82/ 3-ef f ect i ve-ways-t o-t hi nk-out si de-t he-box/

Hebecameadi abet i cbecauseoft hesugarhet ookoutwi t hhi sownhands.

Fi gur e35:2021Over shootDays

Fi gur e37:Out si deoft hebox

Hef orgotthemeani ngofhi sl i f ewhenheseparatedal lthecol orsi nhi sl i f eandnamedeachofthem.

Fi gur e34:21 00War mi ngPr oj ect i ons,CAT

Ji nks,T .( 2020,Januar y21 ) .Whyi si tsohar dt odevel op new ant i bi ot i cs?Wel l come.ht t ps: / / wel l come. or g/ news/ why-i s-i t -so-har d-devel op-new-ant i bi ot i cs

Themor ehedi vi dednat ur e,t heeasi eri tbecamet ounder st and,andheputhi msel fi nt hepl aceofGod.

STAGE3CAPI TALI SM

25

OUTSI DEOFTHEBOX Whati st heweaknessofCapi t al i sm?

I sadi er entwor l dpossi bl e?

I nt er nalcont r adi ct i onsofcapi t al i sm +Thewayt oear nmoneyf ort heempl oyeri nt hecapi t al i sts yst em i st or educet hecostof wor kandwor ker s. +Ther ear et wowayst or educel aborcost . +Machi nesorcheaperwor ker s +However ,her et hecont r adi ct i onst ar t s.I ft henumberofempl oyeesdecr easesoryougi ve l essmoneyt ot heempl oyees,youwi l lnotfindanyonet obuyyourpr oduct s.

Whenwel ookatt hebegi nni ngoft hest or y ,Ist ar t edbecausewear eact ual l yapoi ntagai nst t het i mescal eofourpl anet .Somet i mest heevent swel i vei ndai l y ,t hest r essofmoder nl i f e andouri nnerwor l dcr eat esomeanxi et i est hatmak esust obel i evet hatt her ecannotbea dier entopt i on.Thesol ut i oni sact ual l ynotf araway .Whenwel ookps ychol ogi cal l y ,i tmaybe possi bl et oexpl ai nt hi swi t hcogni t i vebehavi or alt heor y.

I fyouconst ant l yfindwayst omakemor e moneyandgetr i ch,youwi l lpr epar eyour ownend.

Probl ems Capi t al i sm

Sowhathappenedi nt he70s?

Behavi ours -Ri t ual s -Badhabi t s T ot alConsumerLoansOwnedbyCr edi tUni ons, Out st andi ng byFr ed[ WSJ: TheDai l yShot8Jan201 8]

1Ear t h

1 .

75Ear t h

Deat hf r om T er r or i sm Gl obalT er r or i sm Dat abasebyOur Wor l dDat a. or g

Lossesbet ween1 970201 9,Swi ssReI nst ut e

1970

26

Thoughts -Knowl edgesi nce bor nst er eot ypes -Connot at i ons -I gnor ance Si ncewear ebor n,manyt aboos andst er eot ypesar ef or medi n ourper cept i on.Wef or m agener al knowl edgeoft hewor l d.Thi s t abooi nourmi ndscanpushus t osomeanxi et y .( Pr of essorwear gl asses )

Awor l dwi t houti nequal i t y,homel essness,war s,t er r or i sm,debt ,hunger ,unf ai r compet i t i onanddi scr i mi nat i oni spossi bl e.

1980

1990

2000 2010

2020

Si mi l ar i t i esbet weencar bonf oot pr i nt ,t er r or i sm,t ot aldebt s,l oansandi nsur ance gr aphsaf t ert he70s

STAGE370’ S

Ther i t ual sweadoptt oescape f r om t hepr obl emswef acecause t hepr obl emst owor seni nst ead ofsol vi ngt hem.Webel i evet hat notdoi ngt hatr i t ualaf t era cer t ai nper i odoft i mewi l lcause pr obl ems.

Wecannotcont r olt heemot i ons t hatdevel opaboutt hepr obl em wear eexper i enci ng.Asapar tof ourphysi ol ogy ,i ti si ndi r ect l y a ect edbyext er nalf act or sand webecomeawar eoft her esul t s whent heyappear .

Cogni t i veBehavi or alTheor yNot at i on Whenapr obl em ar i ses,t hewheel sst ar tt ot ur n.Ther ei snot hi ngwecandoaboutphysi ol ogy andemot i onsf r om t hem.Butchangi ngt hewayoft hi nki ngandr i t ual sandabandoni ngt hem wi l lst opt hesewheel s.St oppi ngonewheelwi l lst opt hewhol esyst em,j ustl i ket hegear syst em.

Gl obalFoot pr i ntNet wor kNat i onalFoot pr i ntAccount s201 9

1960

Feel i ngs -Fear -Happi ness Anger -Hat e

Whenweencount eranypr obl em, somechangesoccuri nour physi ol ogywi t houtourcont r ol .

I ti snotpossi bl ef orust o di r ect l ycont r olt he hor mones.Wecanobser vet he changeasar esul tofi ndi r ect l y a ect i ngevent s.

Asar esul toft hecapi t al i stcr i si si nt he70s, achangewasmadei nt hewor l d.

I ti sofcour senotacoi nci dencet hatal l cl i mat edat aandourgl obalpr obl ems poi ntt ot hesameper i od.

1950

HumanPhysi ol ogy -Hor mons

Al lwehavet odoi sr eal i zet hatt heanxi et i escr eat edbyi nsur ancecompani es, adver t i sement s,moneyar emi spl acedandt abooandst opt hatwheel .I ti spossi bl et ost op manymeani ngl essr i t ual st hatwedonotknow whywear edoi ng.Mor eover ,i tcanbeas si mpl easacogni t i vebehavi or alt heor ydemonst r at i on.Al lwehavet odoi si dent i f yt hese pr obl emsandweneedt of eelr esponsi bl eour sel vest oGai aofwhi chwear eapar t .

STAGE3COGNI TI VEBEHAVI ORAL

27

SHARI NGERA2121

EQUALWI ND-LI GHT

Cur r entMast erPl an1 / 5000

Desi gnPr i nci pl es

Pat t er nOver l ay1 / 5000

+Ther ei snomoneyoranyt hi ngl i k et hat .

Al l pr oduct i oni s donet oget herandever yonepar t i ci pat esi npr oduct i oni n someway . +Ever yonei sgi venequal r esour cesf orper s onal needs .

For exampl e, ever yonei sgi venar oofwi t hadef i ni t i onofs pace f orhous eandf ur ni t ur eandacer t ai namountofcl ay . +I fhewant st obenef i tf r om t hegar den, heput ss omeofi t t her eandbecomesapar toft hi suni t y. +Peopl ebui l dt hei rhous esf r om t heequal amountofsoi l gi vent oever yone. +Theyf i l l apar toft hesoi l i nt hepar tr eser vedf ort hem i n t hegar denandgr owpr oduct st oget her .

Fi r stSt epPr oposal1 / 5000

28

STAGE3DESI GNPROCESS

+Event hes mal l es thous euni ts houl dbedes i gnedi na pos i t i ont opr ovi desel f suf f i ci entcondi t i ons.

Notaver age condi t i ons, eachuni t , vi l l ageandcombi nat i onof vi l l agesshoul dbei nequal andsuf f i ci entcondi t i ons.

Pr oposalMast erPl an1 / 2000-Vi sual i zat i onof4sampl evi l l agesi nl eamout h

%50HUMAN-%50 NATUREPATTERN

Sect i on

STAGE3MASTERPLAN

29

SECTI ONS

Bui l di ngSect i on1 / 1 00

Si t eSect i on1 / 1 000

30

STAGE3BUI LDI NGDSECTI ON

STAGE3SI TESECTI ON

31

POSTCAPI TALI STLI FE

COMMUNI TYGARDEN

PUBLI CBUI LDI NG LI VI NGROOF

COMMONACTI VI TYSPACE

LI VI NGWALL

HOUSI NG

WATERFI L TRATI ONPOOL

LONDONCLAY

32

STAGE3PERSPECTI VE

STAGE3RENDER

27

DEBTTOEARTH Wef or gott hecausesandconsequencesoft hei nci dent sar oundus.Wedi dn' tcar eunt i ldi sast erknock edonourdoor .Evenwhenwet houghti twast ool at ef orever yt hi ng,t hosewhocoul d notl ear nf r om whathappenedk eept odot hesamet hi ngs.

Theyf oundnew waysofmaki ng moneyasawayoutofdi sast erandcont i nuedexpl oi t at i on.

However ,t heyal soknew t hatt hey wer enotasst r ongasbef or eandt heyt r i edt ocovert hesemet hodswi t h“ gr eenwashi ng” .

Sowhathappenednext ?

Wesaw t hatourpl anetwi l lbesavedbyt hosewhof eelapar tofnat ur e,nott hosewhoconf use uswi t hmeani ngl essnumber sbymeet i ngonceayear .

We,whogotr i dofal lt hef ear edt abooscal l edi ndest r uct i bl e,havecr eat edanoppor t uni t yt o r epayourdebtt ot hi spl anetandear t ht hatwehavehi j ack edf orcent ur i eswi t hout per mi ssi on.

We' l lseehow manyyear si twi l lt ak et opayo t hi sdebt .

Ref er ences Kat her i neR.Royse,Mi k edeFr ei t as,Wi l l i am G.Bur gess,JohnCosgr ove,Ri char dC.Ghai l ,Phi lGi bbar d,Chr i sKi ng,Ur sul aLawr ence,Ror yN.Mor t i mor e,HughOwen,Jacki eSki pper , Geol ogyofLondon,UK, Pr oceedi ngsoft heGeol ogi st s ' Associ at i on, Vol ume1 23,I ssue1 , 201 2, Pages22-45, I SSN001 67878, ht t ps: / / doi . or g/ 1 0.

1 01 6/ j . pgeol a.

201 1 .

07 .

005. ( ht t ps: / / www. sci encedi r ect . com/ sci ence/ ar t i cl e/ pi i / S001 678781 1 00071 X)

Bef or e2021

Usa,M. ,-Uk,G. ,&-Mexi co,B.( 2021 ,Oct ober1 9) .Capsul aMundi-Thebi odegr adabl eur nt obecomeat r eeaf t erdeat h.Capsul aMundi .ht t ps: / / www. capsul amundi . i t / en/ ( 201 2) .Har r ow andHi l l i ngdonGeol ogi calSoci et yGeol ogyofLondon.ht t ps: / / www. hhgs. or g. uk/ mont hl y_meet i ngs/ pr evi ous_meet i ngs/ l ondon_geol ogy/ l ondon_geol ogy . ht m Al lAboutSoi l–Par t2Soi lFoodWeb–Equi nePer macul t ur e.( 201 8,November1 8) .Equi nePer macul t ur e.ht t ps: / / equi neper macul t ur e. com/ bl og/ 201 8/ 1 1 / 1 8/ al l about -soi l s-par t 2-soi l f oodweb/ -Usa,M. ,-Uk,G. ,&-Mexi co,B.( 2021 ,Oct ober1 9) .Capsul aMundi-Thebi odegr adabl eur nt obecomeat r eeaf t erdeat h.Capsul aMundi .ht t ps: / / www. capsul amundi . i t / en/ 403For bi dden.( 201 2) .Har r ow andHi l l i ngdonGeol ogi calSoci et yGeol ogyofLondon.ht t ps: / / www. hhgs. or g. uk/ mont hl y_meet i ngs/ pr evi ous_meet i ngs/ l ondon_geol ogy/ l ondon_geol ogy . ht m Al lAboutSoi l–Par t2Soi lFoodWeb–Equi nePer macul t ur e.( 201 8,November1 8) .Equi nePer macul t ur e.ht t ps: / / equi neper macul t ur e. com/ bl og/ 201 8/ 1 1 / 1 8/ al l about -soi l s-par t 2-soi l f oodweb/ Br ai ni acMedi aLi mi t ed.( 201 6) .3e ect i vewayst ot hi nk“ out si det hebox” .ht t ps: / / www. br ai ni acmedi a. net / bl ogs/ 1 82/ 3-e ect i vewayst ot hi nk -out si det he-box/ D.( 201 5,Febr uar y26) .For getCo ns–Or gani cBur i alPodsWi l lT ur nYourLovedOnesI nt oT r ees.Bor edPanda.ht t ps: / / www. bor edpanda. com/ bi odegr adabl e-bur i al -pod-memor yf or est -capsul a-mundi / ?ut m_sour ce=googl e&ut m_medi um=or gani c&ut m_campai gn=or gani c Dool i t t l e,F.W.( 201 9,December3) .TheGai ahypot hesi sr ei magi nedbyoneofi t sk eyscept i cs| AeonEssays.Aeon.ht t ps: / / aeon. co/ essays/ t he-gai a-hypot hesi s-r ei magi ned-by-one-of -i t s-k ey-scept i cs EastI ndi aDockBasi n|LeeVal l eyRegi onalPar kAut hor i t y .( 2020) .Leeval l ey .ht t ps: / / www. l eeval l eypar k. or g. uk/ east -i ndi a-dock -basi n For d,J.R. ,Mat her s,S.J. ,Royse,K.R. ,Al di ss,D.T. ,&Mor gan,D.J.( 201 0) .Geol ogi cal3Dmodel l i ng:sci ent i ficdi scover yandenhancedunder st andi ngoft hesubsur f ace,wi t hexampl esf r om t heUK.Zei t schr i f tDerDeut schen Gesel l schaf tFürGeowi ssenschaf t en,1 61 ( 2) ,205–21 8.ht t ps: / / doi . or g/ 1 0.

1 1 27 / 1 8601 804/ 201 0/ 01 61 -0205 Fr i edman,M.( 201 6,Januar y1 ) .TheEngl i shChal kandLondonCl ay:t wor emar kabl eBr i t i shbonyfishLager st ät t en.Geol ogi calSoci et y ,London,Speci alPubl i cat i ons.ht t ps: / / sp. l yel l col l ect i on. or g/ cont ent / 430/ 1 / 1 65 I .( 201 9) .Soi lT ypesCl assi ficat i on.I mgur .ht t ps: / /i mgur . com/ r / cool gui des/FRvsGHO I nf ogr aphi cs&Vi deos.( 2021 ,Sept ember21 ) .Ear t hOver shootDay .ht t ps: / / www. over shoot day . or g/ newsr oom/i nf ogr aphi cs/ Jabr ,F.( 201 9,Apr i l20) .Opi ni on|TheEar t hI sJustasAl i veasYouAr e.TheNew Yor kTi mes.ht t ps: / / www. nyt i mes. com/ 201 9/ 04/ 20/ opi ni on/ sunday/ amazon-ear t h-r ai nf or est -envi r onment . ht ml Ji nks,T.( 2020,Januar y21 ) .Whyi si tsohar dt odevel opnew ant i bi ot i cs?Wel l come.ht t ps: / / wel l come. or g/ news/ why-i s-i t -so-har d-devel op-newant i bi ot i cs LondonCl ay .( 2021 ,Oct ober25) .Al chet r on.

Com.ht t ps: / / al chet r on. com/London-Cl ay Londoni st .( 201 6,December1 4) .London’ sHi ddenT unnel sReveal edI nAmazi ngCut aways.ht t ps: / / l ondoni st . com/ l ondon/ t r anspor t / l ondon-cut aways Ol i ver ’ sWhar f ,Wappi ng,LondonE1 .( 2009) .Vi ct or i anweb.ht t ps: / / vi ct or i anweb. or g/ ar t / ar chi t ect ur e/i ndust r i al / 1 0. ht ml Or i gi nalLondonSt ock-Br i ckhunt er .( 2020) .Or i gi nalLondonSt ock.ht t ps: / / br i ckhunt er . com/ br i cks/i mper i al -handmade-br i cks-or i gi nal -l ondon-st ock yel l ow-cl ayf aci ng-br i ck Paul ,J.D.( 201 6) .Hi gh-r esol ut i ongeol ogi calmapsofcent r alLondon,UK:Compar i sonswi t ht heLondonUnder gr ound.Geosci enceFr ont i er s,7( 2) ,273–286.ht t ps: / / doi . or g/ 1 0.

1 01 6/ j . gsf .

201 5.

05.

004 Quat er nar yPal aeoenvi r onment sGr oup( QPG)»Nor t hWestEur opeanRi ver s.( 2008,December1 1 ) .Uni ver si t yofCambr i dge.ht t ps: / / www. qpg. geog. cam. ac. uk/ r esear ch/ pr oj ect s/ nweur or i ver s/ el st er i anangl i an. ht ml Soi lBi odi ver si t yDi gi t alExhi bi t i on|Emi r at esSoi lMuseum.( 2021 ) .Emi r at esSoi lMuseum.ht t ps: / / www. emi r at essoi l museum. or g/ di gi t al -exhi bi t i on/ sect i on_2 TheSoi lBi ot a|Lear nSci enceatSci t abl e.( 201 2) .Nat ur eEducat i on.ht t ps: / / www. nat ur e. com/ sci t abl e/ knowl edge/ l i br ar y/ t he-soi l -bi ot a-840781 25/ ?er r or =cooki es_not _suppor t ed&code=d436a26f -61 3a-46be-850a-c61 2bd91 45ca St r uct ur al .( 201 3,December1 2) .London:TheUnder gr oundRai l way .ht t ps: / / met r opol i t ant oj ubi l ee. wor dpr ess. com/ st r uct ur al / SwanscombeMan.( 201 0) .Ht t ps: / / Ccschmi t t .

Gi t hub.

I o/ .ht t ps: / / ccschmi t t . gi t hub. i o/ Swanscombe%20Man. ht ml T emper at ur es.( 2021 ,November ) .Cl i mat eAct i onT r ack er .ht t ps: / / cl i mat eact i ont r ack er . or g/ gl obal / t emper at ur es/ T er r aAmat aHouse,Fr ance,HomoHei del ber gensi s,c.

600kyaâAr e. na.( 201 7 ,June3) .Ar e.

Na.ht t ps: / / www. ar e. na/ bl ock/ 1 052539 T er r aAmat aShel t er .( 2020,June1 7) .TheSmi t hsoni anI nst i t ut i on’ sHumanOr i gi nsPr ogr am.ht t ps: / / humanor i gi ns. si . edu/ evi dence/ behavi or / hear t hs-shel t er s/ t er r aamat a-shel t er T r ackl ayi ngi nat ubet unnelnearHi ghgat eUnder gr oundst at i on,1 938.( 201 5,December1 7) .Wal lSt r eetI nt er nat i onal .ht t ps: / / wsi mag. com/ l ondont r anspor t -museum/ ar t wor ks/ 80805 ver yr ar ecompl et el ondoncl ayseat ur t l ef ossi lar gi l l ochel ysant i quasheppey|#473093341 .( 201 8) .Wor t hpoi nt .ht t ps: / / www. wor t hpoi nt . com/ wor t hopedi a/ compl et e-l ondon-cl ay-seat ur t l e-473093341 W.( 201 8) .Cl i mat eandSoi lComposi t i on.Weat her STEM.ht t ps: / / l ear n. weat her st em. com/ modul es/ l ear n/ l essons/ 85/ 06. ht ml

Af t er21 21

Wi ki pedi acont r i but or s.( 2021 a,Sept ember21 ) .LondonBasi n.Wi ki pedi a.ht t ps: / / en. wi ki pedi a. or g/ wi ki /London_Basi n#/ medi a/Fi l e: Geol ogi c_map_SE_Engl and_&_Channel _EN. s vg Wi ki pedi acont r i but or s.( 2021 b,November9) .EastI ndi aDocks.Wi ki pedi a.ht t ps: / / en. wi ki pedi a. or g/ wi ki /East _I ndi a_Docks Wi ki pedi acont r i but or s.( 2021 c,December8) .Geol ogi ct i mescal e.Wi ki pedi a.ht t ps: / / en. wi ki pedi a. or g/ wi ki / Geol ogi c_t i me_scal e#/ medi a/Fi l e: Geol ogi c_Cl ock_wi t h_event s_and_per i ods. s vg

34

STAGE3BEFORE AFTER

ENDREFERENCES

35

Thi spor t f ol i oi swr i t t enanddesi gnedasanacademi cexer ci seonl yf ormodul e

7038AAD-Desi gn, Pr ocessandCommuni cati on t obesubmi t t edt o

Coventr yUni ver si ty, MAr chAr chi tectur e