AR 2020-21 by Ankita Khare

ANNUAL REPORT 2020 - 21

Contents 1.

In the words of the CEO

About Us

Geography and Reach

Our Approach

Water Lifting Devices

Water Application Devices

Sustainable Agriculture

Social Returns on Investment

Financials

10.

Knowledge Partners

11.

Awards & Recognition

IN THE WORDS OF THE CEO This year marks two decades of our existence as an Indian Entity and three decades of our work in India. In these three decades, International Development Enterprises (India), hereafter referred to as IDE-India, has enabled prosperity in the lives of more than 1.5 Million small and marginal farmer households and more than 7 million people. Three decades ago, as an affiliate of an international organisation, we were a fledgling entity. Desire to enable prosperity in the lives of not few or thousands, but in the lives of millions of small and marginal farmers guided us in the direction of identifying and developing affordable solutions, that could be promoted through market channels. As I reminiscence today, over the years we have developed market disruptive technologies and solutions. This has been possible because we at IDE-India have always found a silver lining where none existed. In fact, the most challenging times have been moments of creating greatest value in our work. 2020-21 has also been one such year. The pandemic cast its dark shadows on large part of the year. But thanks to our very inspiring and passionate team, there was comparatively a very small break from field work. All our stakeholders, be it farmers, donors, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises amongst others, have been very supportive and as a result we not only fought back this year but also incubated a new component in our program. This year saw successful completion of few projects and start of few others! I would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who has been associated with IDE-India through its journey and also acknowledge their contributions in building IDE-India. In conclusion, I would like to quote, Father of the NationMahatma Gandhi, “without action, you aren't going anywhere.” At IDE-India we are resolute in our commitment and actions to work for the small and marginal farmers. We are aligned to reach out to 5 Million farm families by 2030. Amitabha Sadangi Chief Executive Officer: IDE-India 5

ABOUT US International Development Enterprises (India), hereafter referred to as IDE-India, is a not-for-profit company working in India, focusing on enhancing the livelihood of small and marginal farmers in agriculture & allied sectors and enable prosperity. IDE-India is also a member of the ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council) of the United Nations. IDE-India stimulates a sustainable and free market by creating demand for affordable technologies and solutions and ensuring a sustainable supply chain. Working across multiple states in India, IDE-India has reached out to over 1.5 million smallholder farm families. Making small-plot agriculture more remunerative and thereby reducing poverty, hunger, and malnutrition remains IDEIndia's guiding philosophy. IDE-India's technology is designed to be one-fifth the cost of its competitors, is scaled down to fit one-tenth hectare plots, and is able to generate sales at unsubsidized market prices. IDE-India's technologies are low cost, offer a high return on investment for farmers, are simple and inexpensive to maintain, and are manually powered. IDE-India's focus on promoting high value, innovative varieties of crops that are low maintenance will contribute to increasing the productivity and incomes of small and marginal farmers.

Vision

Mission

Goal

To reduce income poverty, hunger and malnutrition among the rural poor.

The organisation works with the mission to improve equitably the social, economic and environmental conditions of families in need with special emphasis on the rural poor, by identifying, developing and marketing affordable, appropriate and environmentally sustainable solutions through market forces.

To enable prosperity in the lives of 5 million small and marginal farm families by 2030.

Uttar Pradesh

Assam Bihar

Madhya Pradesh

Odisha Maharashtra

Andhra Pradesh

Tamil Nadu

WHERE WE WORK We are working with small and marginal farmers across the following states in India: Assam Andhra Pradesh Bihar Madhya Pradesh Odisha Uttar Pradesh We work in the above-mentioned states directly with our own team, down till the grassroots level. The team creates awareness, is available to meet with and interact with the interested farmer households and provides hand-holding to each farmer household that adopts IDE- India promoted technologies and services. IDE-India is also working in the states of Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra indirectly. Private sector is taking forward the mission of providing affordable irrigation solutions to the poor farmers. They follow the market-based approach and delivery the solutions.

IDE-INDIA REACH BENEFICIARIES

DIRECT

INDIRECT

Treadle Pump Farmers

10,042

47,197

Drip Systems Farmers

4,345

20,422

Sustainable Agricultural Practices Farmers

20,155

94,729

TOTAL

34,542

1,62,347

DIRECT BENEFICIARIES:

Include all people who are experiencing a positive difference at the households level, as a result of receiving services, goods and resources directly from IDE-India or through a partner.

INDIRECT BENEFICIARIES:

Include all individuals who are not directly involved in project activities not receive direct services, good or resources from IDE-India but are still impacted in some way through our intervention.

OUR APPROACH “When the poor at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) are treated as consumers, they can reap the benefits of respect, choice, and self-esteem and have an opportunity to climb out of poverty trap.” Proff. C. K. Prahlad, The fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty Through Profits. IDE-India's approach Market Based Approach or the Free Market Led Poverty Reduction and Rural Development Approach is to put income generating solutions (technologies/ services) into the hands of the small and marginal farmers. To facilitate this, IDE-India as facilitator stimulates that local private sector comprising of manufacturers, distributors, retailers and installers to make available technologies/ services available at affordable yet fair to supply chain members to the small and marginal farmers. Following this approach, IDE-India strives to make the technologies and services accessible to even the poorest farmer by address the following factors:

PRODUCT Technologies are field tested with small and marginal farmers and adapted to local conditions to ensure appropriateness, effectiveness and return on land and labor plus additional profit. PROMOTION Effective promotion strategy is central to creating a groundswell of demand leading to a force multiplier and wild fire impact.

POVERTY Technologies/ solutions must be designed with the target market in mind- poor farmers with little capital who require a quick Return on Investment (ROI).

PACKAGING All technologies must be packaged to meet small and marginal farmer requirements. Typically, technology and other farm inputs come on large packs that may not be suitable for use by the target group.

PRICE Price is critical and therefore, all effort is made to produce products with low price points. Presence of multiple supply chain helps in increasing competition in free market, which ensued increase in quality and reduction of prices. PLACE It is important to consider the accessibility of the marketplace where small and marginal farmers can learn about and purchase the technologies and services. Therefore IDE- India focusses on village markets that are close to where the farmers live.

It should be noted that IDE-India only facilitates the supply chain. IDE-India establishes a supply chain on the one hand by carefully selecting partners that invest their own resources (financially and others) and on the other hand generates awareness amongst the target group about the technology and services. The money spent on awareness creation is subsidized through donor grants. IDE-India does not buy or sell any product nor does it make any financial investment or profit in the market.

WATER LIFTING DEVICES IDE-India promotes water lifting devices called the Treadle Pump which are driven by human energy with a combination of lifting and pumping device. It is used in regions with high water table, up to about 28 feet. These are reliable and low on maintenance and last for 10 years. Use of water lifting devices replaces the use of diesel pumps thereby saving fuel and reducing carbon emission. Typically, it discharges about 3,500- 4,000 litres/ hour water (depending on body weight) and irrigates up to one acre of vegetable farm. There are three types of water lifting devices- Bamboo and the Surface Treadle Pump, Rope and Washer Pump and Concrete Pump. Different variants of the pump are promoted in different geographies but all work where water table is within 9 meters. KB BAMBOO TREADLE PUMP

KB SURFACE TREADLE PUMP

KB ROPE & WASHER PUMP

Foot operated reciprocating type positive displacement pump to draw water with open channel water delivery system from shallow tube wells.

A foot operated reciprocating type positive displacement pump to draw water with open channel water delivery system from surface water source like dug well, ponds, canal etc.

A human powered hand operated pump used to lift water from open water source with applied human power in between 40-100 watt.

10,042

farm families were facilitated to adopt water lifting devices. This includes those promoted under the state government- Government of Odisha's subsidy scheme in which 90 percent subsidy is offered on the purchase of the treadle pump for small and marginal farmers.

JOY FILLS MY FIELD AND HOME I was also struggling to bring food on the table for all ten members of my family with little agriculture and daily wage labor work. And Now I am able to irrigate my fields for all days, in almost every season, and I harvest more quantity of vegetables for household consumption and sale. I am happy! Duti Mali is middle aged woman farmer from Koraput district of Odisha. She and her ten member family own 2.5 acre of agricultural land. They are primarily engaged in agriculture and work as labour during some part of the year. She along with her husband, cultivate paddy during the monsoon on two acres of land. In addition they would cultivate few vegetables supported by the rain water. However there was a limited period of cultivation apart from the monsoon as she was irrigating her land using traditional irrigation system locally known as “Tenda”. To support the family, her husband would work as an unskilled laborer in nearby village. She was alone irrigating land spending lot of time to irrigate 0.8 acres. This resulted in physical exhaustion and frequent illness. Because of physical hardship, she was not able to cultivate vegetables during other seasons despite availability of water in their dug well till mid-summer season. One day she saw a demonstration of the treadle pump in the local haat. The person running the pump was giving more information about the treadle pump and how affordable and easy to use it is. Dutti, took a moment to listen to the entire description. After listening to the description of the technology and its advantages, Dutti felt as if her prayers are answered. She rushed and took more information from the IDE-India team person. After discussing with her husband, they both together decided to save some money and within the next two months they bought a surface treadle pump. The change was substantial, from just 1, 000-1, 200 litres of water now they could easily lift up to 4, 500 litres of water in an hour with the treadle pump and with much less physical exhaustion. The area under vegetable cultivation enhanced from 0.5 to 1 acre during the rabi season. She grew cabbage cauliflower, beans, ridge- gourd, egg plant, chilli and tomato during the rabi season. On an average, the time spent for irrigation reduced from ten to six hours per week in spite of 70% increase in area under vegetable cultivation during the winter and early summer months. Saving in time allowed her to associate herself for additional economic activities and leisure. The household income from vegetable cultivation increased from Rs.14, 000 to 52, 500 during the rabi season. Dutti says that she is now able to give best for all ten numbers of her family member particularly meeting the household expenses, clothing requirements, medical expenses and changing food habits. The food consumptions is more nutritious now. She has also invested in some agricultural equipment's.

REELS Click on the images below to watch our films

WATER APPLICATION DEVICES These include range of devices including drip irrigation and sprinkler systems. The technologies are significantly low in cost when compared with commercially available systems, which removes the entry barriers for their adoption. They operate at very low pressure and require 60-70 percent less water when compared with traditional irrigation system.

DRUM KIT

BUCKET KIT

INCOME MAXIMISER

A pre-assembled, pre-packaged drip irrigation kit to grow multinutritional vegetables for home consumption

Is a variant of the bucket kit, replacing the bucket with a low cost 20 Ltr double layered plastic bag.

CUSTOMISED SYSTEMS

MICRO SPRINKLER

IMPACT SPRINKLER

Low-cost drip irrigation system using thin walled lay flat tubes as laterals

A pre-assembled, pre-packaged drip irrigation kit for crop cultivation (mainly vegetables) for family consumption & earning

A low-cost, low-energy impact sprinkler specially designed to operate at low pressures

4,345 16

farm families were facilitated to adopt water application devices.

MY FIELDS ARE GREEN THROUGHOUT THE YEAR WITH LOW COST DRIP! “I never imagined for a better fortune in agriculture before low cost drip entered my life. Cultivating one crop a year was a big fortune for me but now I am able to cultivate more than two to three crops a year. My family is moving towards a better life with this Drip and my fields are greener and gaining new life.” Life has never been easy for ingenious 72yrs Thangaraja, from Erode district of Tamil Nadu. He resides with his wife and two grown up children. He owns 1 hectare of land. Few years back, he was cultivating only one crop a year that too if the rainfall is on proper intervals. Even after desperate attempts he was unable to identify any resolution neither to increase his yield nor to improve his farm practices. Finally, the family was pushed into financial grief. For sustaining their livelihood Thangaraja and his son became an iron merchant. He used to buy old or damaged iron materials from persons, melt and resell it to whole sale merchants. The income earned out of this business was insufficient to support the family. During this time, while visiting a friends place to collect old iron material, Thangaraja became aware of affordable drip irrigation system. Out of curiosity, Thangaraja gathered all the relevant information's from his friend. His friend advised him to install this drip on his field. But money was the constraint for Thangaraja. So his friend offered him 5kg of affordable drip system and asked Thangaraja to try in small area of his land. Then after, Thangaraja life has changed entirely. With his friends support he installed the drip system on 0.4 hectare of land for brinjal (egg plant). The irrigation seemed promising with drip system. After three months, the yield was tremendous and Thangaraja made a net profit of INR. 16,310 for the season. Thangaraja was overwhelmed with happiness. He returned the drip system to his friend and purchased new drip system with the net profit earned; irrigated 0.4 hectare for turmeric. Now, Thangaraja is able to cultivate two to four crops a year depending upon the life of crop. He has access to better level of subsistence with nutritious food. His whole family is looking forward for promising yield from turmeric.

REELS Click on the images below to watch our films

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IDE-India recognizes that technology driven agriculture is just one of the ingredients needed to achieve sustainable rural livelihoods. Higher crop yields, reduced soil erosion, effective use of integrated fertilizer and pest management, for example by themselves are not enough. In order to identify different aspects IDE-India has conducted a constraint analysis. The key constraints that emerged are illustrated and explained as below: Constraints may occur at one of three levels in the commodity chains within which smallholders operate: The input market - the enterprises and organizations that provide the goods, services, and information required for agricultural production. The on farm - the household production unit that consumes inputs to cultivate crops for self-consumption and for sale to output markets. The output market - the enterprises and organizations that provide the goods, services, and information required to move the small farm production from field to consumers at economically rewarding prices.

Constraints faced by smallholders typically fall into one or more of the following categories: Technology - the technologies required to increase smallholder productivity, deliver the necessary inputs, and move outputs to markets. Finance - micro credit needs of smallholders and capital needs of enterprises that serve the smallholder market. Capacity - The knowledge, skills and expertise of smallholders and the enterprises that serve them. Information - timely and accurate market information to aid in decision making including crop prices, market opportunities, product standards, regulations, etc. Policy - the policy environment within which smallholders and small enterprises operate, and Infrastructure - the physical and institutional infrastructure that facilitates market access and communication. 20

A thorough analysis of constraints at each market level and in each constraint category will normally result in a long and daunting list of market constraints. In order to limit and focus the potential areas of intervention, constraints are prioritized to identify the “key logs in the logjam” that can unleash growth potential for large numbers of smallholders. Such leverage points may be found by identifying nodes in the value chain where a small number of firms act as intermediaries for large numbers of smallholders, or by taking advantage of geographic clustering of similar enterprises or production systems, or by identifying policy levers that will remove constraints for many market actors at once. Constraints are ranked and prioritized based on the potential impact on smallholder income and the number of smallholders affected. Based on the understanding of the constraints, IDE-India proposed to implement the model basis the following illustration:

CROP PORTFOLIO PLANNING

Cash needs

Increase cropping intensity spread risk Provide long term security

Long term security & stability

Border plantations/trees/ horticulture

Existing Crop Immediate

Selecting 2 existing crops Document best practices Identify cost reduction measures Build a campaign to promote

Micrro credit and farmer level & Capital needs of enterprises that serve small farmers

Identify farmers & what percentage they can pay Introduce small loans with flexible repayment schedules Identify technology & input providers as the point of delivery

New high value crops medium term

Identify new value crops Introduce through a campaign Reduce risk by multi cropping & facilitating by back arrangements (wherever possible) Eventually document best practiices & promote them

IDE-India has adopted the model of training local farmers and establishing a cadre of trained young people and women for delivery of this program. This will help build sustainability in the program. During the year, 49 new CWE were established. They have in turn reached out about 12, 221 farmers. 22

TAKING A LEAP Manamati Kanhar is supervising the construction of her house. She is happily giving money to her son for purchasing few things for the house and for her husband's medicine. Nothing gives her greater joy than to be able to pay up for these essential supplies without being stressed. KB has given her everything, she says. Manamati started Maa Pitabali Nursery and agro inputs in Kandhamal district in Odisha. She has a family of seven. She has four sons and two daughters besides her husband, Balaram Kanhar. They own a total of 3 acres land which they were cultivating using well. They bought a treadle pump and started to irrigate their field at with great ease. They were cultivating using well and Tenda- a traditional water lifting device which is very fatiguing. Before adopting treadle pump they were cultivating paddy, egg plant and cowpea. However with the treadle pump, number of crops have increased to ten. These include chilli, green pea, ridge gourd, bitter gourds, beans, cucumber and cabbage besides paddy, egg plant and cowpea. Manamati learnt about sustainable agricultural products in an interactive meeting organised by IDEI staff. In the meeting the staff shared about successful CWE that were established in other villages and encouraged the women to visit CWE. When Manamati visited and met with another CWE in a neighbouring village she was impressed with her. Manamati was especially impressed with nursery and plant nutrient. Manamati was raising seedlings before also however learning proper techniques and receiving guidance from a fellow CWE was very encouraging. She established a nursery and cultivated high yielding varieties of tomato, egg plant, cabbage, cauliflower, chilli and drum stick and papaya. She has established nursery and is also cultivating vegetables at her field. She is cultivating on one acre of land. Manamati is cultivating vegetables on her 3 acre field now. The details are as follows: (all figures in INR) Cost of Cultivation (Crop wise) Before and after using Treadle Pump and SAP products Name of the crop

Income Generated

Name of the crop

Cost of Cultivation

Income Generated

Paddy

3, 000

9,500

Paddy

1, 500

12, 500

Chilli

1, 000

2, 350

Brinjal

500

3, 200

Brinjal

1, 500

1, 600

Chilli

700

3, 300

500

2, 550

Cowpea

250

3, 750

Bitter Gourd

300

3, 800

Tomato

600

8, 000

Beans

550

7, 200

Cauliower

600

6, 500

Cabbage

400

3, 500

Ridge Gourd

250

4, 000

Cucumber

150

2, 500

5, 800

58, 250

Cowpea

TOTAL

Cost of Cultivation

6, 000

16,000

Total vegetables produced are 64 quintals and of the total vegetables produced, Manamati and her family consume around 1, 200 kg of all vegetables and sells the rest. The net profit generated in INR 52, 450 Earlier the net profit was INR 10, 000. In addition to establishing a nursery, she is also using plant nutrient, bio fertilizer for crops. This has helped her reduce cost of cultivation. Manamati is generating the following income from the nursery: Her annual additional income from Nursery before and after IDE-India intervention Before Name of the Sapling Crops

After Income Generated INR

Name of the Sapling Crops

Income Generated INR

Brinjal

700

Brinjal

1, 840

Chilli

150

Chilli

1, 040

Tomato

2, 300

Cauliower

1, 200

Cabbage

1, 390

Drum Stick

2, 400

Papaya

4, 600

Total

850

14, 770

With the profit earned, Manamati is planning to expand the area of nursery and grow quality seedlings and saplings throughout the year. She is preparing for her daughters marriage. Manmati is convinced about taking another leap and looks forward to the future. Manamati would like to expand her role as CWE.

NOTE: under each of the above-mentioned program, farmer outreach/ adoption is mentioned. Each of the numbers of farmer house hold are mutually exclusive. To exemplify, farmers who adopt treadle pump or drip irrigation system do cultivate vegetable crops and so do farmers who fall under the Sustainable Agriculture program, however each of the numbers mentioned are exclusive of each other.

SOCIAL RETURNS ON INVESTMENT The start-up's receiving investments from social investors measure returns on investment along three parametersprimarily along Social Returns on Investment, followed by Environment Returns on Investment, followed by Financial Returns on Investment. This has been the trend for more than one decade. Now even the Indian stock market comes with Environment Returns on Investment which meets triple calculation. We emphasis that neither we nor our donor community gets any financial returns, but the stakeholders namely, associated micro, small and medium enterprises get financial returns on investment directly or indirectly through employment generation, increased productivity and income. We monetize all the impact and present it below for better clarity.

Critical SROI that IDEI measures are as follows:

SROI

661 Million litres

Diesel Savings

Employment

Income INR

626 Million

31.4 Billion

person days On Farm

827 Million kWh

Electricity Savings

1.18 Million person days

On Farm

8.3 Million Installation

Installation

6.24 Billion litres Water Savings

66.6 Million 0.66 Million

Manufacturing

person days

2.49 Million tCO2 Eq.

Manufacturing

15.6 Million

Carbon Emission reduction

0.02 Million INR 145.5 Billion

Farmer Income Generated

*SROI is calculated cumulatively. 26

person days Retailer

Retailer

FINANCIAL EXCERPTS

KNOWLEDGE PARTNERS

AWARDS AND ACCOLADES

Templeton Freedom Prize for Social Entrepreneurship – 2005

Skoll Award – 2005

Ashoka Changemaker- 2006

Ashden Award for Sustainable Energy – 2006

Clinton Global Initiative – 2008

Ashden Outstanding Achievement Award – 2009

2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of The 21st Century

Who's Who Historical Society-2004

The Tech Awards - 2004, 2010 & 2016

Ranked 75th on the World’s Top Best 100 NGOs

The World Technology Awards

IPE CSR Corporate Governance Awards – 2012

Plasticon Award – 2012

Best Contribution to Society

Zayed Future Energy Prize 2010

Best Industrial Innovation

Accolades: Proff. M. S. Swaminathan

Accolades: Bill Gates

International Development Enterprises (India) Plot No.10, Local Shopping Centre, Adjacent Bal Bhavan International School Sector-12, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110078