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Excellence in Equine Nutrition
HOOFMAKER
THE ULTIMATE SUPPLEMENT FOR HOOVES
the hoof HOOFMAKER provides all of the nutrients necessary to protect and nourish every layer within the hoof horn. This ‘sulphur enriched’ formula will ensure that important nutrients are supplied to the horse, to ensure optimum hoof growth and improved integrity of the hoof.
Anatomical Structure of the Forefoot Digital Extensor Tendon
THE FOREFOOT & HOOF The forefoot of the horse is a product of evolution and a miracle in bioengineering. It is extremely light in weight, flexible and yet it withstands constant shock and concussion due to the forces of locomotion. The hoof is a highly specialised horny shell composed of three layers. The hoof covers the sensitive bones, nerves, connective tissue and vascular tissue of the forefoot.
Skin
1. Long Pastern 2. Short Pastern 3. Coffin Bone 4. Navicular Bone
1 Deep Digital Flexor Tendon
Periople
2 Suspensory Ligament
Epidermal Wall
3
Laminar Corium
4
Digital Cushion
The primary function of the hoof is to protect the underlying structures, and to increase the surface area for the dissipation of locomotor forces. Hoof growth originates from the coronary band, whereas tissue loss due to friction and abrasive forces occurs on the ground surface of the hoof. Hence, there is unrelenting wear and tear to horses’ hooves. Bulb of Heel
Throughout evolution, the horse has adapted to environmental changes. This has led to slow and subtle changes in the appendicular skeleton of the species.
Corium Corium of Frog
The maintenance of the hoof ‘ceterus paribus’, is dependent on two factors:
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NUTRITION
The hoof horn is primarily made from horn cells and keratin sulphate (a proteinaceous material with a high sulphur content). If the hoof horn is somehow deprived of good quality protein, bioavailable sulphur, calcium, zinc or biotin, irregularities can occur in the hoof wall. This will manifest itself as cracks or brittle crumbling hooves. As a species, the horse has evolved and adapted to change well, that is of course, until the introduction of man and equestrian sport. Since their domestication, horses’ have been harnessed to perform work. Manmade environmental factors such as synthetic working and racing surfaces, manmade roadways, certain bedding and high grain rations all put increased pressure on the self-maintenance of horses’ hooves. In many instances the diet of the stabled horse is not sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements for keratinisation in the beleaguered hoof horn.
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MOISTURE CONTENT
The hoof horn is composed of cellular tissue (horn cells) with a non-cellular proteinaceous matrix. Keratin Sulphate forms the structural component in this matrix. Keratin sulphate is a mucopolysaccharide, and as such, has a great affinity for water molecules. The integrity of keratin sulphate is fundamental, because keratins’ attraction for water facilitates the high moisture content in the hoof horn. The maintenance of moisture content in the hoof horn is extremely important. Elasticity and the ability to absorb compression, are essential factors in the dissipation of the concussive forces of locomotion. If there is inadequate moisture within the hoof, the hoof horn will break down.
HOOFMAKER provides all of the scientifically proven nutrients, which are required by the horse, to maintain healthy hoof production.
HOOF STRUCTURE Topographically, the hoof is divided into three regions: the toe, the medial and lateral quarters, and the heels. The heels of the wall are reflected inward and form the bars, which are separated from the frog by the paracuneal grooves. The wall is thickest at the toe and gradually thins towards the heel.
Scientific research has found that hoof cracks originate in one or two of these three layers. Research has also shown that the origin of the hoof defect should ultimately decide the choice of nutritional therapy. Cracks that originate in the stratum externum respond very well to biotin supplementation. (A Comben N.,Clark R.J., Sutherland D.J.B. Clinical observations on the response of equine hoof defects to dietary supplementation with biotin. The Veterinary Record, Dec. 22/29 1984)
THE HOOF WALL STRUCTURE The wall is designed to carry the bulk of the horse’s weight as well as protect the underlying structures.
Cracks that originate in the stratum medium and stratum internum will respond better to the addition of protein, calcium, bioavailable-available sulphur, zinc and copper to the biotin supplement. (Kempson S.A., Scanning electron microscope observations of hoof horn from horses with brittle feet. The Veterinary Record, June 13, 1987 Vol 120, 568-570)
The bars act as a brace to control over expansion and contraction of the hoof. The sole covers the softer tissues and is somewhat concave to give grip and allow for expansion.
HOOFMAKER is the ultimate hoof supplement as it contains a high concentration of biotin, bioavailable sulphur, methionine, calcium, zinc and copper together with a full array of amino acids to correct any nutritional deficiencies that may have triggered hoof wall defects.
The frog aids in absorbing concussion, circulation and regulating moisture in the hoof. The wall is divided into three layers: The stratum externum
The stratum medium
The stratum internum
When there is a crack or malformation in the hoof wall, the weakness can normally be located, either in the outer layer of the wall (stratum externum) or the middle and inner layers (stratum medium and stratum internum).
Structure of the Hoof Wall
Heel Bulbs Collateral Groove Heel Buttress
An accurate diagnosis can only be made by electron microscopy and biopsy. While it is impossible to ascertain by the human eye where the weakness originates from, the correct diagnosis is very important in terms of the nutritional therapy that should be applied, to help resolve the problem.
Frog Cleft
Heel Triangle (Seat of Corn)
Bar
Frog
White Line (Laminae)
Quarters
Sole Water Line
hoof defects
Frog Apex
The three layers arise from the epithelium covering the coronary dermas. The outer layer is an extremely thin layer of tubular horn covering the entire surface of the wall The middle layer, or stratum medium, consists of a very thick hard layer of tubular and inter-tubular horn. The proximal portion divides to form the coronary groove, in which lies the convex coronary corium. It is pigmented when the hoof is dark. The middle portion actually comprises the bulk of the hoof wall. The spaces between the horn tubules are filled with inter-tubular horns. The internal layer or stratum internum is always non-pigmented and consists of many keratinised primary epidermal lamellae which extend from the coronary groove to the ground surface.
Toe Callus
Outer Wall Inner Wall
Toe
Stratum Internum Stratum Medium Stratum Externum
Hoof Wall
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HOOF GROWTH & THE SEASONS The hoof wall itself is composed mainly of keratinised tissue representing the modified epidermis of the skin. However, the innermost layer of horn adjacent to the corium, is a growing layer consisting of horn cells. Cells from this layer are continually dividing to produce horn cells which are added to the bulk of the horn. Growth occurs in a tubular fashion from the surface of papillae projecting from the coronary corium. The hoof wall is therefore formed of tubules of horn tissue held together by non-tubular horn. The direction of growth of horn is downward from the coronet so that tubular horn is pushed downward to produce the wall and bearing surface: thus the youngest horn is closest to the coronary band, and the oldest horn is on the bearing surface of the wall. This method of growth of the wall explains the presence of ridges in the horn. When the rate of growth is irregular, alternating ridges and depressions encircle the wall.
The coronary band is a strip of highly vascular tissue, which runs around the top of the wall just below the hairline. It produces horn in much the same way as skin does hair. Horn like hair is primarily protein. Keratinisation is dependant on the normal activity of the horn cells. As there are a high concentration of horn cells in the coronary band, the health of this vascular tissue is fundamental.
The nutritional content of the diet, which is affected by the seasons may be an influential factor in the rate of horn production. (Goody P.C.B.Sc.Ph.D, Horse anatomy: a pictorial approach to equine structure. Pub:
level of these nutrients for the optimal rate of keratinisation. This means that HOOFMAKER will help to control and correct hoof irregularities in all three layers of the hoof wall.
Nutritional deficiencies, trauma, abrasion, and infection of the coronary band are the most likely limiting factors in the production of keratin in the hoof horn. Keratinisation is dependant on the healthy activity of horn cells, which need certain nutrients to produce this hoof horn ‘adhesive’.
HOOFMAKER has been specially formulated to supply a concentrated and balanced
J.A. Allen: London pp 50-55, 1993)
Hoof growth is faster and more prominent in the Spring when the horse is out at grass, producing raised ‘grass rings’. During this time, the nutritional content of pasture is significantly better, than in the Autumn and Winter months. On the other hand, during Winter, hoof growth tends to be diminished and lessened in extent, thus circular depressions can mark the season. The vast majority of horses in training have limited access to quality fresh forage, therefore nutritional deficiencies are not uncommon. Deficiencies will affect physiological processes in the body. These nutritional deficiencies will manifest themselves in many different ways. Irregularities in the epidermal layers, such as the hair and hooves are indicative of nutritional deficiencies in the diet of the horse.
Diagram of the Growing Hoof Horn
1. Coronary Corium: A highly vascular strip that supplies important nutrients for horn production.
Periople
1
Intertubular Horn
Keratinisation (Hoof Growth)
2. Wall: It is made up of tubular and intertubular horn. These tubules are bound together by keratin: the ‘adhesive’ structure of horn.
Short Pastern
Tubular Horn
The hoof wall is made up of microscopically sized tubules. The spaces between these tubules are filled with solidly packed horn cells. In this way the tubules are bound together. 2
Keratin is the protein essential to the bonding of these cells and tubules. This structure allows the horn to flex and absorb concussion, thus reducing wear and tear on the bones, ligaments and tendons of the forefoot. The bulk of the hoof wall, is produced by the coronary band, due to its high cellular content.
Coffin Bone Hoof Wall Digital Cushion
Bulb of Heel
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Sole
Frog
foot care a three fold approach
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NUTRITION
All horses in training should receive a balanced diet, if they are expected to perform at the very highest level. Nourishment of the hoof and the underlying structures should receive primary attention, as they are the foundation of the horse. Lameness is the biggest reason for under performance in the horse. Interestingly, foot lameness is the most common type of lameness seen in the equine athlete. (4. Hodgson D.R., Rose R.J., The athlete horse: chapter 13 Investigation of poor performance pp 259-266)
HOOFMAKER is the ultimate feed supplement for hooves, because it provides essential nutrients to nourish every tissue in the hoof horn.
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willie mullins champion National Hunt Trainer
“Since I have been using TRM products I have never felt my horses so sound, so successful and so happy at the same time. It is the mix of these things that makes me and my horses so successful on the big stage.” Steve Guerdat Olympic Gold Medallist, Swiss Showjumper
FOOT HYGIENE
First and foremost, stables should be designed to incorporate a ‘run-off’ for urine and water. Fresh air should be a priority in the stable environment. The choice of bedding is subjective, however it is important that whatever bedding used, it should not be too dry as this will compromise the natural moisture content of the hoof horn. The bedding should be kept as fresh as possible. This will reduce the build up and establishment of endemic bacteria and fungi within the stable environment. Several of these micro-organisms have a natural tropism for hoof tissue e.g. Thrush.
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“TRM products are an essential part of my horses’ training regime and wellbeing, ensuring their maxiumum performance.”
FARRIERY
A qualified farrier should always conduct trimming and shoeing work. The farrier has a huge influence on the balance of the foot. Preparation of the hoof, the type of shoe used and its placement, will all affect the displacement of force on the forefoot and adjoining limb. Many hoof defects are multi-factorial in their origin. Incorrect shoeing and neglect can be one of the pre-disposing factors to disease and the breakdown of hoof horn function, cracks and brittle hooves. Proper hoof care, hygienic housing conditions and the feeding of HOOFMAKER combined, are the best approach for ensuring hoof health and optimum hoof growth.
“Since I have started using Hoofmaker, hoof problems are a thing of the past.” Denis Lynch Irish Showjumper
“To train horses at the highest level requires every part of the team to perform. TRM provides consistently high quality feed supplements to complete my nutritional programme.” edward lynam leading trainer
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HOW DOES HOOFMAKER WORK? Biotin
In one study undertaken by Comben et al.,
Biotin is a member of the B vitamin family yet historically, biotin was referred to as vitamin H. Biotin is a sulphur containing vitamin. Green pasture is the best source of dietary biotin. Horses’ also get a supply of biotin and other B vitamins as a by-product of bacterial activity in the hindgut. However, modern husbandry of the performance horse, necessitates large periods of time with little or no access to good quality pasture. Horses in training fed a high grain / low forage diet can often suffer a B vitamin deficit due to the fact that rapid starch digestion will reduce the natural pH in the caecum. This net result being the depletion of the B vitamin-producing bacteria in the hindgut. Therefore, all stabled horses in training are potentially at risk of a biotin deficiency.
Horses at risk of a biotin deficiency: • Lack of biotin in the diet. • Loss of microbial gut activity, from antibiotic therapy or altered gut motility. • Pregnant and lactating mares, or aged geriatric horses. • Inherited diseases of biotin metabolism.
(A Comben N.,Clark R.J., Sutherland D.J.B. Clinical observations on the
40 horses with a history of chronic foot problems were supplemented with 15mg of biotin per day. These horses had varying symptoms ranging from brittle ‘dished’ hooves, to tender crumbling hooves with toe and heel cracks. response of equine hoof defects to dietary supplementation with biotin. The Veterinary Record, Dec. 22/29 1984)
After five months of treatment, previously sceptical farriers were amazed at the change in the hoof horn of these horses. The feet had developed a better shape and the horn of the hoof walls was thicker and harder. Farriers reported that shoes could be nailed on more satisfactorily and because there was improved hoof growth, there was more opportunity to shape the hooves. These researchers reported that improvements were evident within 3-6 months of biotin supplementation, with continued improvement noted for up to 12 months. However, Comben did not report that biotin supplementation had little or no effect on some of the horses. It is also reported that biotin supplementation is effective only for horses with hoof defects involving the stratum externum. (3. Kempson S.A., Scanning electron microscope observations of hoof horn from horses with brittle feet. The Veterinary Record, June 13, 1987 Vol 120, 568-570)
OH
The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of biotin for a 500kg horse is 2 mg per day.
Professor S. Kempson from the University of Edinburgh undertook a study to investigate hoof horn defects with the use of a scanning electron microscope. The team at Edinburgh found that it was possible to locate the exact origin of the hoof defect in the hoof horn. They discovered that some cracks were located in the stratum externum. Cracks in this layer typically showed a loss of horn material in the outer layer. Other cracks involved the stratum medium and the stratum internum due to a breakdown of structural organisation in these layers. (Kempson S.A., Scanning electron microscope observations of hoof horn from horses with brittle feet. The Veterinary
(NRC Requirements 1989)
Record, June 13, 1987 Vol 120, 568-570)
However, research has shown that increased supplementation of biotin in the diet of horses with hoof problems resulted in improved hoof growth and overall hoof integrity. (Linden J,
On further scrutiny, they realised that horses with defects in the stratum externum responded very well to biotin supplementation, whereas cracks that involved the deeper layers benefited most from the addition of protein and calcium to the diet. Most people do not have access to scanning electron microscopy, therefore it is impossible to say where the weakness originates from in the hoof horn.
BIOTIN SUPPLEMENTATION
Josseck H, Zenker W, et al: The effect of D-biotin supplementation in Lippizzaner horses. Proc Equine Nutr & Physiol Soc Symp, pp 58-63, 1993)
Each serving of HOOFMAKER contains 37.5mg of biotin. This is a concentrated level which maximises biotin absorption in the small intestine. Biotin supplementation will enhance the repair of hoof defects and, will help prevent their recurrence. There is good scientific evidence that biotin supplementation improves hoof strength, and decreases the incidence of heel horn junction cracks, sidewall horn cracks and lameness.
CALCIUM As already mentioned above, Professor Kempson found that horses with defects in the stratum medium and stratum internum responded better to supplementation with a combination of calcium, protein, bioavailable sulphur and biotin, rather than just biotin alone. High levels of protein in the diet favour the uptake of calcium as opposed to phosphorus. HOOFMAKER contains calcium and a high level of amino acids, the building blocks of protein.
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The team at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland concluded that the addition of calcium to the diet of horses, often alleviated hoof problems that did not respond to just biotin alone.
“In conclusion, these observations have revealed two types of structural defect in the horn of horses with brittle feet. The second type of defect may fail to correspond to biotin supplementation but will show an improvement with increased calcium and increased protein in the diet”. (Kempson S.A., Scanning electron microscope observations of hoof horn from horses with brittle feet. The
METHIONINE & MSM Bio-available Sulphur Nutritionists, farriers and veterinarians are now beginning to concur that bioavailable sulphur is an extremely important nutrient in the diet of the horse, especially with regard to hair and hoof growth; and integrity of connective tissue.
Veterinary Record, June 13, 1987 Vol 120, 568-570)
Any horse that is fed too much bran or any high phosphorus, low protein diet will inhibit the uptake of this important mineral. Of further consequence, large intakes of bran are associated with an elevated level of phosphorus, which is often a precursor to a sudden outbreak of laminitis. (Brockhoff T., Bluegrass Laminitis Symposium . The Horse. pp 53 - 61 May 1999)
Therefore HOOFMAKER is an ideal supplement for horses with chronic foot problems and horses that may be at risk of laminitis, or indeed horses that are recovering from the illness. HOOFMAKER contains 7,500mg of calcium carbonate, the level recommended by Professor Kempsom at the University of Edinburgh.
Zinc
Zn
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The major function of Zinc in the body is to act as a component of many metalloenzymes involved in protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
According to the 1989 National Research Council (NRC) publication ‘Nutrient Requirements of the Horse’, the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for sulphur in the horse is 0.15% of the diet dry matter. The horse like other non-ruminants must meet its sulphur requirements from bioavailable sulphur, therefore both the source and the quality of bioavailable sulphur is very important in the equine diet. Sulphur enriched HOOFMAKER contains two excellent sources of bioavailable sulphur; the nutrient Methylsulphonylmethane (MSM) and the essential amino acid Methionine. Each serving of HOOFMAKER contains 2,500mg of MSM and 2,500mg of Methionine, whilst Hoofmaker pellets contain 6,000mg of methionine per daily serving. Both of these nutrients are easily absorbed sources of dietetic sulphur. The importance of sulphur in relation to improved hoof growth relates to the durability of the keratin sulphate molecule. The keratin sulphate molecule relies on the integrity of it’s numerous disulphide bonds made up of the sulphur-bearing amino acids.
Zinc is essential for DNA and protein synthesis, and is paramount for the healing of damaged epithelial cells.
Methionine is one is these essential amino acids therefore its’ inclusion in HOOFMAKER is fundamental for improved integrity of keratin sulphate. MSM is a nutrient rich in organic sulphur. MSM provides 34% bioavailable sulphur, ensuring that there is adequate sulphur being provided in the diet for optimum hoof growth.
As keratin is largely a proteinaceous material, zinc is an essential ingredient in HOOFMAKER for the proper healing of hoof horn tissue. In healthy animals, zinc deficiency is related to depressed utilisation of amino acids and sulphur.
amino acids
Zinc compounds are the oldest form of therapy for connective tissue disorders.
Therefore, HOOFMAKER contains a concentrated source (600mg of elemental zinc per day) of this essential trace element to promote optimal growth and healing in the hoof horn.
HOOFMAKER contains a full array of dispensable and non-dispensable amino acids. These nutrients are the building blocks of protein. Their inclusion in HOOFMAKER is very important for complete healing and improved integrity of keratin sulphate - the main protein in the hoof horn.
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Ingredient Analysis Calcium
COPPER CHELATE
Essential for structural cohesion in the hoof horn.
Copper is important in hoof formation as it is required for the activation of the enzyme which forms the sulphur cross links that hold the keratin strands together.
Important role in generating sulphur cross links between hoof proteins to ensure a strong cohesion of one cell to another and has a role in the cross linking of collagen strands in hoof. Horses with defects in the stratum medium and stratum internum responded better to supplementation with a combination of calcium, protein, bioavailable sulphur and biotin, rather than just biotin alone.
biotin Zinc
Stabled horses in training are potentially at risk of a biotin deficiency.
Zinc promotes optimal growth and healing in the hoof horn.
Biotin enhances the repair of hoof defects and, will help prevent their recurrence.
Zinc is present in high concentration in normal hoof tissue and is critical for a variety of functions, including the formation of keratin. A zinc deficiency can cause slow hoof growth, thin walls, weak connections and weak horn.
There is scientific evidence that biotin supplementation improves hoof strength and decreases the incidence of heel horn junction cracks, sidewall horn cracks and lameness.
Zinc also plays a role in minimising hoof abscesses.
Methionine / MSM Keratin sulphate, the structural component of the hoof horn has a high sulphur content. Methionine and MSM are bioavailable sulphurs which are essential for the durability and integrity of Keratin sulphate that provides the structural matrix to the hoof.
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AMINO ACIDS HOOFMAKER contains a full array of dispensable and nondispensable amino acids. These nutrients are the building blocks of protein. Their inclusion in HOOFMAKER is very important for complete healing and improved integrity of keratin sulphate - the main protein in the hoof horn.
summary Keratin sulphate is the main structural component in the hoof horn. Keratin synthesis is dependant on several mutually inclusive factors:
1 2 3 4 5 6
BIOTIN Is a necessary component for the synthesis of keratin.
PROTEIN As keratin is a mucopolysaccharide compound.
BIO-AVAILABLE SULPHUR Keratin has a high sulphur content.
“Having shod horses in Australia and abroad for the past 20 years I have been exposed to many a hoof supplement. With a good hoof programme and HOOFMAKER I have seen remarkable changes, once poor quality hooves, now that text book hoof. HOOFMAKER’S unique blend improves the hoof from the inside out. Before seeing the product at work place in every stable, I was sceptical but after seeing the transformation of horses hooves in my care, I believe that HOOFMAKER has a place in every stable. The hoof growth is rapid and the horses find it palatable, stamping HOOFMAKER as a product I would not hesitate to endorse”. Warren Beale - Master Farrier Victoria
ZINC AND COPPER Essential for hoof healing and enzymatic support.
ANIMO ACIDS As these nutrients are the building blocks of protein.
“As part of our strategy we always recommend a hoof supplement and the one we choose is ‘HOOFMAKER’.
CALCIUM
It is in a pellet form that the horses seem to like and its high level of Biotin promotes growth as well as improving the quality of the new growth.
This trace element is essential for structural cohesion in the hoof horn.
HOOFMAKER is a complete hoof supplement as it contains high levels of biotin, calcium, zinc, methionine, bioavailable-sulphur and amino acids to help aid any hoof problems.
THE USE OF HOOFMAKER WILL RESULT IN: Improved rate of hoof growth.
Improved hoof strength & integrity.
Hooves develop a better shape.
Walls become thicker and tougher.
Cracks and brittleness disappear over the feeding period.
Our customers have been both pleased and surprised by the results we have been able to achieve”. Mark Brennan - master farrier Racing Vic “A” grade, National Certificate iii
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hoofmaker pellets The Complete Feed for Healthy Hooves HOOFMAKER CONCENTRATED PELLETS contains all the supplemental nutrients required to develop and maintain a healthy and supple hoof in a convenient daily 50g serving. It contains high levels of Biotin (37.5mg per 50g serving) and bioavailable sulphur, which are essential for the durability and integrity of Keratin Sulphate that provides the structural matrix to the hoof. It also contains high levels of Zinc, which is a component of many metalloenzymes involved in protein metabolism, and is important for healing of all epidermal tissue. It is a rich source of amino acids, which are the building blocks for protein, as well as Calcium, essential for cohesion of the hoof wall. Its pelleted presentation is ideal for picky eaters, and is convenient for feeding in big yards with just a single scoop daily serving. Instructions for Proper Use: All horses: Feed 1 level scoop (50g) per day. Ponies and foals: Feed 25g per day. For best results it is recommended to use Hoofmaker Concentrated Pellets daily for at least 180 days. Composition: Calcium hydrogen orthophosphate Additives Methionine (Calcium salt of hydroxyanalogue) Biotin
per 50g 6,000mg 37.5mg
per 1kg 120,000mg 750mg
600mg 120mg
12,000mg 2,400mg
Trace Elements: 3b603 Zinc (as Zinc Oxide) E4 Copper (as Cupric chelate of glycine, hydrate)
Analytical Constituents: Crude Protein 9%, Crude Ash 53%, Crude Oil 3.1%, Crude Fibre 1.6%, Sodium 0.303%, Calcium 15.4%, Phosphorous 11.1%, Alanine 0.369%, Arginine 0.622%, Aspartic Acid 1%, Glutamic Acid 1.53%, Glycine 0.614%, Histidine 0.224%, Isoleucine 0.391%, Leucine 0.663%, Lysine 0.547%, Phenylalanine 0.448%, Proline 0.522%, Serine 0.435%, Threonine 0.342%, Tyrosine 0.32%, Valine 0.41%, Cystein and Cystine 0.136%.
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Hoofmaker Powder The Ultimate Supplement for Hooves HOOFMAKER provides all the nutrients necessary to protect and nourish every layer within the hoof horn. This sulphur enriched formula will ensure that important nutrients are supplied to the horses’ diet, to optimise hoof growth and improve integrity of the hoof. It contains a concentrated source of the sulphur rich amino acid Methionine and the sulphur rich nutrient MSM. Keratin sulphate, the structural component of the hoof horn has a high sulphur content. It contains a very high level of Biotin 37.5mg per daily serving. Also included are Calcium, essential for cohesion in the hoof wall, Zinc which is required for healing of all epidermal tissue and other amino acids which are the building blocks of protein. Instructions for Proper Use: Adult horses: Feed 20g per day. Foals and Ponies: Feed 20g every second day. For best results it is recommended to use Hoofmaker daily for at least 180 days. Composition: Calcium Carbonate 37.5%, Methyl sulphonyl methane 12.5%, Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) 12.5%. Additives DL-Methionine Biotin Trace Elements: 3b603 E6 Zinc Equivalent Zinc Oxide E4 Copper (as Cupric chelate of glycine, hydrate)
per 20g 2,500mg 37.5mg
per 1kg 125,000mg 1,875mg
602mg 750mg 120mg
30,127mg 37,500mg 6,000mg
Analytical Constituents: Crude Protein 19.8%, Crude Oil <0.5%, Crude Ash 42.2%, Crude Fibre 0.3%, Moisture 15.7%, Sodium 0.46%, Calcium 15%, Alanine 0.37%, Arginine 0.30%, Cysteine 0.11%, Glutamic acid 0.76%, Glycine 0.96%, Histidine 0.11%, Isoleucine 0.24%, Leucine 0.38%, Lysine 0.38%, Phenylalanine 0.26%, Serine 0.28%, Threonine 0.27%, Valine 0.31%, Proline 0.26%, Tyrosine 0.19%.
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