Canolfan Cymru er Cydraddoldeb mewn Addysg

Canolfan Cymru er Cydraddoldeb mewn Addysg Wales Centre for Equity in Education

CANOLFAN CYMRU ER CYDRADDOLDEB MEWN ADDYSG SIARTER ER CYDRADDOLDEB MEWN ADDYSG YNG NGHYMRU

‘’ Ni wyddwn ba syniadau y mae unigolion yn eu clymu wrth y term ‘Mileniwm’, ond fe wyddwn y gellir ffurfio cymdeithas fel nad oes ynddi drosedd na thlodi, fel bod iechyd yn well o lawer, fel bod nesaf peth i ddim trallod ac fel bod deallusrwydd a hapusrwydd yn cynyddu ganwaith, ac nid oes yr un rhwystr o gwbl ar hyn o bryd ac eithrio anwybodaeth a all atal cyflwr cymdeithasol o’r fath rhag bodoli ym mhobman.”

Darn o ‘Anerchiad i Drigolion New Lanark’ Robert Owen, Dydd Calan, 1816

Yr Athro David Egan & Lizzie Swaffield, Canolfan Cymru er Cydraddoldeb mewn Addysg

Cyhoeddwyd i Nodi Lansiad Canolfan Cymru er Cydraddoldeb mewn Addysg yng Nghanolfan Mileniwm Cymru, Caerdydd; 2 Rhagfyr, 2013.

Cyflwyniad Wrth i ni symud i mewn i ail ddegawd llywodraeth ddatganoledig yng Nghymru, byddai’n ddoeth i ni amlinellu gweledigaeth o sut le y gallai Cymru fod ymhen rhyw ugain mlynedd a pha ran y dylai addysg ei chwarae wrth helpu i gyflawni’r trawsnewidiad y bydd arnom ei angen i wireddu ein huchelgeisiau.

Pam na fydden ni’n dymuno gweld Cymru a chanddi economi hynawf a chynaliadwy sy’n darparu digonedd o swyddi a’r rheiny’n rhai o ansawdd uchel?

A fyddai cymdeithas lle byddai cyfleoedd bywyd, disgwyliadau, uchelgeisiau a chyfleoedd symudedd cymdeithasol pawb yn rhagorol yn un teg a chyfiawn?

I danategu’r holl nodau canmoladwy hyn, a fyddwn ni wedi creu system addysg lwyddiannus a theg lle na chyfyngir ar gyrhaeddiad gan ddylanwadau rhyw, ethnigrwydd, lle, sefyllfa deuluol na chefndir?

Felly, a allem ni greu’r hyn a alwodd Robert Owen, un o’r diwygwyr cymdeithasol pwysicaf a gynhyrchwyd yng Nghymru, yn ‘Mileniwm Newydd’?

Cydraddoldeb ac Anghydraddoldeb yng Nghymru Heddiw Er gwaethaf yr holl gynnydd y mae Cymru fel cenedl wedi’i wneud cyn ac ers datganoli, heddiw, rydym ym mhell o wireddu uchelgeisiau o’r fath. Mae ein heconomi’n trawsnewid ac rydym yn ceisio codi allan o ddirwasgiad. Mae anghydraddoldeb sylweddol yn ein cymdeithas, ac mae bron i chwarter ein pobl a tua thraean o’n plant yn byw o dan y ffin tlodi. Ni chaiff hyn ei gynrychioli’n gryfach yn unman nag yn ein system addysg, lle mae yna fylchau parhaus mewn cyflawniad sy’n gysylltiedig â rhyw, ethnigrwydd, ac yn anad dim, tlodi.

Isod, cyflwynir amrywiaeth o agweddau ar yr anghydraddoldeb hwn yn y gymdeithas yn gyffredinol ac mewn addysg yn benodol.

Cyfran y plant sy’n byw mewn aelwydydd incwm isel yng Nghymru dros amser Llywodraeth Cymru ( 2013) Strategaeth Tlodi Plant Cymru: Dangosyddion Sylfaenol

40% 35%

35% 30%

ACT – Cyfradd Ar Ôl Costau Tai

31%

28%

CCT – Cyfradd Cyn Costau Tai

29%

25% 20%

24%

23%

15% 10% 5% 0%

Ffynhonnell: HBAI, DWP 1998-99 i 2000-01

2003-04 i 2005-06

2008-09 i 2010-11

Cyfran yr oedolion o oedran gweithio sydd heb waith yn ôl ardal dros amser Llywodraeth Cymru ( 2013) Strategaeth Tlodi Plant Cymru: Dangosyddion Sylfaenol

2005 2011 Newid dros amser Y Gogledd Y Canolbarth Y De a’r Dwyrain Llundain Cymru Yr Alban

29% 27% 23% 32% 31% 27%

33% 31% 26% 32% 33% 29%

I fyny I fyny I fyny Dim newid I fyny I fyny

Nifer y teuluoedd a chanddynt blant dibynnol sy’n byw mewn amgylchiadau gorlawn yng Nghymru.

Llywodraeth Cymru ( 2013) Strategaeth Tlodi Plant Cymru: Dangosyddion Sylfaenol

25,000 20,000

23,000 18,000

15,000 10,000 5,000 0

Ffynhonnell: Arolwg Cenedlaethol Cymru 2004

2010

Babanod sy’n cael eu geni gyda phwysau geni isel yng Nghymru.

Llywodraeth Cymru ( 2013) Strategaeth Tlodi Plant Cymru: Dangosyddion Sylfaenol

10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0%

9.4%

9.1% 7.6%

8.9%

Pumed mwyaf difreintiedig

7.2%

7.0%

Pumed difreintiedig canol

Ffynhonnell: Ystadegau Cymru, Dangosyddion Tlodi Plant, Dangosyddion ar draws pumedau MALC 1999-01

2003-05

2005-07

Y gwahaniaeth rhwng perfformiad yn y trothwy Lefel 2 gan gynnwys TGAU A*-C mewn Saesneg/ Cymraeg a Mathemateg disgyblion Prydau Ysgol am Ddim a rhai nad ydynt yn ddisgyblion Prydau Ysgol am Ddim yn CA4, 2006-2012 Cyflawniad a’r Hawl i Brydau Ysgol am Ddim yng Nghymru, 2012, BWLETIN YSTADEGOL LLYWODRAETH CYMRU SB32/2013

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Ddim yn PYAD PYAD Bwlch

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Canran y disgyblion sy’n cyflawni trothwy Lefel 2 gan gynnwys TGAU gradd A*-C mewn Saesneg neu Gymraeg (Iaith Gyntaf) a Mathemateg (L2SCM) yn CA4 yn ôl prif grŵp ethnig, 2010-2012 (gyda’i gilydd) Cyflawniad Academaidd yn ôl Nodweddion Disgyblion, 2012 Bwletin Ystadegol LLYWODRAETH CYMRU B33/2013

100 80

77.3

60

57.0

52.8

52.3

50.5

50.4

Cymysg

I gyd

Gwyn

47.0

40

41.7

20 0 Tsieineaidd

Anhysbys

Asiaidd

Cefndir ethnig

Arall

Du

Canolfan Cymru er Cydraddoldeb mewn Addysg Mae Canolfan Cymru er Cydraddoldeb mewn Addysg yn fenter ar y cyd rhwng Prifysgol Cymru Y Drindod Dewi Sant a Phrifysgol Cymru. Ei phwrpas yw cael effaith sylweddol ar leihau’r anghydraddoldeb addysgol sy’n bodoli ar hyn o bryd yng Nghymru, ac i gyfrannu at y weledigaeth ar gyfer cenedl y dyfodol, fel yr amlinellwyd uchod.

Fe’i sefydlwyd i fod yn ganolfan polisi ac ymchwil cymhwysol cenedlaethol o bwys sy’n ffocysu ar bob math o anfantais sy’n gysylltiedig â chyflawniad addysgol isel yng Nghymru. Fe fydd yn dod â gwneuthurwyr polisïau, ymchwilwyr ac ymarferwyr ynghyd i wella gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth o anghydraddoldebau addysgol a sut y dylid mynd i’r afael â’r heriau sy’n gysylltiedig â nhw.

Bydd y Ganolfan wedi’i hintegreiddio’n llawn o fewn y ddwy brifysgol, gan gefnogi datblygiad gwaith ymchwil ac addysgu rhagorol a datblygu eu proffil cenedlaethol, yn arbennig ym meysydd addysg athrawon, blynyddoedd cynnar a chynhwysiant cymdeithasol. Hefyd, fe fydd yn cael ei halinio’n agos â’r cyd-destun polisi cenedlaethol, gan gynnwys y flaenoriaeth drosfwaol genedlaethol i drechu tlodi ac i dorri’r ddolen rhwng anfantais a chyflawniad addysgol isel.

Torri’r Ddolen Rhwng Tlodi a Chyflawniad Isel Mae’r Ganolfan yn ymrwymo i gyfrannu’n sylweddol at ddod â phob math o anghydraddoldeb addysgol i ben yng Nghymru, mewn cyd-destunau sy’n amrywio o gyn ysgol i addysg uwch.

Bydd ei ffocws cychwynnol ar dorri’r ddolen rhwng tlodi a chyflawniad addysgol isel.

Bydd y Ganolfan yn hyrwyddo’r ymagweddau a ganlyn at fynd i’r afael â’r mater hwn a chulhau’r bwlch mewn cyflawniad: •

Rhannu arferion effeithiol a lledaenu tystiolaeth.

•

Datblygu, cefnogi a monitro ymyraethau a gynhelir cyn ysgol, gan ysgolion ac awdurdodau lleol/rhanbarthol.

•

Ymgysylltu rhieni a theuluoedd yn llawn mewn addysg.

•

Datblygu partneriaethau cymunedol ac ymyraethau sy’n canolbwyntio ar addysg.

Mae’r astudiaethau achos isod yn enghreifftiau o waith sy’n mynd rhagddo yn barod yng Nghymru sy’n debyg i’r gwaith a fydd yn cael ei hyrwyddo gan y Ganolfan i wella prosesau llunio polisïau ac arferion:

Astudiaeth Achos: Blynyddoedd Cynnar Mae’r ddarpariaeth addysgol i blant tair i bedair oed yn y Ganolfan Plant Integredig hon mewn ardal drefol dan anfantais yn ysbrydoledig. Mae’r amgylchedd symbylol a chyffroes a’r addysgu eithriadol yn cyfoethogi eu plentyndod. Mae’r plant yn datblygu’n unigolion annibynnol, hyderus a chanddynt ymdeimlad cryf o hunanhyder a theimlad o barch at eu hunain ac eraill. Mae’r llety a’r adnoddau addysgol ansawdd uchel yn rhoi dechrau eithriadol i’r plant mewn nifer o agweddau ar eu bywydau. Mae cyfraniad y feithrinfa at adfywiad y gymuned ehangach yn anferth.

Mae addysg, gofal plant, cymorth i deuluoedd a gwasanaethau iechyd integredig yn ffactorau allweddol wrth bennu deilliannau da i blant a’u teuluoedd. Mae cyd-leoliad darparwyr o fewn Canolfan Plant Integredig yn annog gweithio cydgysylltiedig sy’n blaenoriaethu anghenion y plentyn yn anad dim. Mae’r Ganolfan yn gweithredu fel canolbwynt i’r gymuned a chanddi ystod eang o sefydliadau’n darparu amrywiaeth o weithgareddau i blant a theuluoedd gan gynnwys addysg blynyddoedd cynnar, gofal plant a hyfforddiant a chymorth i deuluoedd.

Adroddiad Arolygu Estyn (2008)

Astudiaeth Achos: Ymgysylltu â Rhieni Mae’r ysgol gynradd canol dinas hon yn gwasanaethu ar gymuned amrywiol gyda 96% yn dod o leiafrifoedd ethnig. Mae 43 y cant o’r plant yn cael prydau ysgol am ddim; mae Saesneg yn iaith ychwanegol i 49% ac mae gan 39% Anghenion Dysgu Ychwanegol. Yn rhan o’i hymrwymiad i’r gymuned leol ac er mwyn gwella safonau llythrennedd, mae’r ysgol wedi rhoi mwy a mwy o flaenoriaeth i ymgysylltu â rhieni.

I gyflawni hyn, mae gan yr ysgol: • • • • •

Bolisi drws agored sy’n galluogi cyfathrebu rheolaidd rhwng arweinwyr yr ysgol a rhieni.

Boreau agored i rieni ddod i arsylwi dysgu ac addysgu.

Dysgu i deuluoedd gan gynnwys dosbarthiadau llythrennedd i deuluoedd.

Cynulliadau a dathliadau cynhwysol.

Rhieni’n gwirfoddoli i gefnogi dysgu mewn dosbarthiadau.

Mae’r ysgol wedi cael llwyddiant mawr yn y blynyddoedd diwethaf ac yn ddiweddar, fe’i barnwyd yn rhagorol gan Estyn am ei pherfformiad a’i rhagolygon i wella.

Estyn ( 2012) Arfer Effeithiol wrth Drechu Tlodi ac Anfantais mewn Ysgolion

Astudiaeth Achos: Lles Disgyblion Mae’r ysgol gynradd hon wedi’i lleoli yng Nghymoedd De Cymru mewn ardal o anfantais sosio-economaidd uchel. Mae gan 26 y cant o ddisgyblion hawl i o brydau ysgol am ddim. Mae’r ysgol wedi datblygu ymagwedd systematig at ddatblygu lles disgyblion fel gofyniad hanfodol o gyflawniad uchel.

Ar y cychwyn, archwiliodd staff a disgyblion y darpariaethau lles presennol. Dyfeisiwyd system olrhain i fonitro lles ac mae hon yn caniatáu i staff nodi disgyblion sydd ag angen cymorth arbennig fel cwnsela ac atgyfeiriad at wasanaethau arbenigol. Caiff yr ymagweddau hyn eu cysylltu’n agos â systemau olrhain academaidd i sicrhau a gweithredu fel sail i ymyraethau i fynd i’r afael â chyflawniad isel disgyblion unigol a grwpiau o ddisgyblion fel y rheiny sy’n cael prydau ysgol am ddim.

Dros y pedair blynedd ddiwethaf mae canlyniadau’r ysgol wedi gwella’n sylweddol ac maent nawr yn cymharu’n dda ag ysgolion tebyg, yn arbennig o ran cyflawniad disgyblion prydau ysgol am ddim.

Estyn ( 2012) Arfer Effeithiol wrth Drechu Tlodi ac Anfantais mewn Ysgolion

Astudiaeth Achos: Arweinyddiaeth mewn Ysgol Uwchradd Mae’r ysgol yn gwasanaethu ar gymuned dan anfantais lle mae gan 26% o’r disgyblion hawl i brydau ysgol am ddim. Mae ystod o ymyraethau wedi’u datblygu i gefnogi disgyblion sy’n cyflawni’n isel ac mae hyn wedi galw am ymagweddau newydd at arweinyddiaeth. Penodwyd Arweinwyr Dysgu sy’n olrhain cynnydd disgyblion a phan fo angen, maent yn sicrhau bod ymyraethau amserol yn cael eu rhoi ar waith i ddileu rhwystrau at gynnydd. Hefyd, maent yn monitro a gwerthuso deilliannau’r ymyraethau.

Ymhlith yr ymyraethau mae mentora disgyblion, rhaglenni dysgu personol, a datblygu partneriaethau gydag asiantaethau eraill a gefnogir gan waith Swyddogion Ymgysylltu â Theuluoedd.

Mae’r gwaith hwn wedi arwain at well presenoldeb, lefelau cyflawniad uwch, cwymp mewn eithriadau ac mae dyheadau disgyblion am yr hyn y dymunent ei gyflawni yn y dyfodol yn gryfach.

Astudiaeth Achos Arfer Gorau Estyn; 2012

Astudiaeth Achos: Ymgysylltu â Theuluoedd Mae Achub y Plant yn gweithio gyda Theuluoedd ac Ysgolion Gyda’i Gilydd (‘FAST’) i wella mynediad at y rhaglen ymgysylltu â rheini ‘FAST’ sydd wedi ennill sawl gwobr.

Nodau craidd y rhaglen atal tystiolaeth-seiliedig hon yw galluogi plant i: • Lwyddo yn yr ysgol a chael cyfleoedd bywyd cryfach o ganlyniad i well cyflawniad addysgol mewn darllen, ysgrifennu a mathemateg, ymddygiad a gwell perthnasoedd ysgol-cartref; • Byw mewn teuluoedd sydd wedi’u cryfhau o ganlyniad i well bondiau rhiant- plentyn, cyfathrebu a hyder rhieniol.

• Byw mewn cymunedau cryfach a chanddynt well ymddiriedolaeth a chyfranogiad a llai o arwahanrwydd cymdeithasol.

Mae FAST yn mabwysiadu cwricwlwm wyth wythnos cyffredinol, cyfranogol ac arbrofol i adeiladu perthnasoedd rhwng rhieni a phlant, rhieni ac ysgolion a rhieni a rhieni eraill o fewn y gymuned leol. Ar ôl graddio, mae rhieni’n parhau i gwrdd bob mis, gan ddatblygu perthnasoedd a manteision cymryd rhan yn y rhaglen. Trwy gydol y rhaglen, mae plant a rhieni’n cymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau fel bwyta gyda’i gilydd fel teulu, gweithgareddau chwarae, dysgu a chyfathrebu fel teulu, cymorth rhiant-plentyn un pwrpas un i un, meithrin cymuned ac amser rhiant-gyda-rhiant-lleol-arall. Hefyd, mae pob teulu’n cael basged o nwyddau sy’n cynnwys llyfrau a theganau, er mwyn iddynt allu parhau i gefnogi dysgu a datblygiad eu plentyn yn y cartref.

Achub y Plant (2012) Cipluniau Tlodi Plant: y Darlun Lleol yng Nghymru

Astudiaeth Achos: Partneriaeth Gymunedol Y gymuned hon, a chanddi tua 3000 o bobl, yw un o’r lleoedd mwyaf difreintiedig yng Nghymru yn ôl Mynegai Amddifadedd Lluosog Cymru. Fe’i datblygwyd yn ystâd cyngor ar ddiwedd y 1950au a daethpwyd i’w hystyried yn gymuned gythryblus a chanddi lefelau uchel o amddifadedd gan gynnwys diweithdra uchel, tai gwael, problemau iechyd difrifol a lefelau cyflawniad addysgol isel. Mewn blynyddoedd diweddar, er ei bod yn parhau i fod yn gymuned dan anfantais ddifrifol, mae ei henw a’i hydwythedd wedi’u trawsnewid. Arweiniwyd y newid hwn gan y Bartneriaeth Cymunedau’n Gyntaf, sydd wedi galw ar gymorth sylweddol gan asiantaethau eraill, gan gynnwys arian elusennol helaeth i ymgymryd â chyfres o ymyraethau.

O fewn y gweithgarwch hwn, bu gan addysg broffil amlwg. Mae’r ddwy ysgol gynradd leol a’r ysgolion uwchradd lleol y mae’r rhan fwyaf o ddisgyblion yn eu mynychu wedi dod yn rhan bwysig o’r gwaith. O’r blaen, roedd perfformiad y ddwy ysgol gynradd yn isel ac anaml yr oedd plant y pentref yn llwyddo mewn addysg yn yr ysgol uwchradd, a dim ond ambell un yn mynd ymlaen i addysg ôl-16. Erbyn hyn, gwellwyd yn sylweddol ar y lefel yma o berfformiad addysg. Nawr, mae presenoldeb, ymddygiad, ac yn ddiweddarach cyflawniad disgyblion y gymuned yn well na’r cyfartaledd yn yr ysgol uwchradd.

Cyflawnwyd y llwyddiant hwn trwy ymroddiad cynyddol i addysg o fewn y gymuned, sydd wedi cynnwys rhieni, teuluoedd, gwleidyddion lleol, amrywiaeth o sefydliadau a’r system addysg ei hun, gan gynnwys addysg bellach ac uwch a dysgu seiliedig ar oedolion a gwaith. Mae dros 100 o unigolion a sefydliadau’n mynychu’r ‘diwrnod dysgu’ blynyddol, a gyda’i gilydd maent yn cynllunio’r ddarpariaeth fydd ar gael yn y gymuned dros y flwyddyn i ddod er mwyn darparu ystod o gyfleoedd yn cynnwys addysg cyn ysgol, cymorth i ysgolion ac addysg i deuluoedd ac oedolion.

Gwaith Canolfan Cymru er Cydraddoldeb mewn Addysg Pwrpas Canolfan Cymru er Cydraddoldeb mewn Addysg yw cael effaith sylweddol ar leihau anghydraddoldebau addysgol yng Nghymru. Fe fydd yn gwneud hyn trwy weithio ar lefel cenedlaethol, rhanbarthol a lleol i annog newid trwy welliannau i bolisïau ac arferion sy’n seiliedig ar dystiolaeth. Fe fydd yn dod ag ymchwilwyr, gwneuthurwyr polisïau ac ymarferwyr ynghyd i greu canolbwynt gwybodaeth ac arbenigedd yn y maes pwysig hwn o bolisi cymdeithasol.

Gweledigaeth y Ganolfan yw bod yn ganolfan polisi ac ymchwil cymhwysol cenedlaethol o bwys. Bydd yn ceisio cael ei chydnabod am ei rhagoriaeth a’i dylanwad wrth hysbysu proses llunio polisïau ac arfer yng Nghymru a thu hwnt.

Fe fydd yn rhan bwysig o Grŵp Prifysgol Cymru Y Drindod Dewi Sant ac yn gosod y sefydliad fel y brif brifysgol ar gyfer y maes hwn o addysg a pholisi cymdeithasol. Fe fydd yn cyfoethogi datblygiad strategol y Grŵp a bydd addysgu, dysgu ac ymchwil o fewn y sefydliad yn elwa ohoni.

Fe fydd yn hyrwyddo cyfiawnder a chynhwysiant cymdeithasol mewn ffordd sy’n cefnogi datblygiad cynaliadwy system addysg deg, sy’n ateb y gofyn i genedlaethau’r dyfodol yng Nghymru a thu hwnt.

Bydd y Ganolfan yn cyflawni’r weledigaeth hon trwy: •

Ddatblygu gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth o gwmpas, achosion ac effeithiau anghydraddoldebau mewn cyflawniad addysgol yng Nghymru.

•

Cynnwys ymarferwyr, gwneuthurwyr polisïau ac ymchwilwyr mewn gwaith cydweithredol, gan greu canolbwynt arbenigedd i wella polisïau ac arferion.

•

Datblygu a chefnogi gweithrediad modelau a strategaethau ymyrryd arloesol.

•

Rhannu arferion effeithiol a lledaenu tystiolaeth o’r hyn sy’n gweithio yng Nghymru, y DU ac yn rhyngwladol.

•

Datblygu, monitro a gwerthuso polisi.

•

Gweithio’n agos gyda’r Cyfadrannau Addysg Athrawon a’r Gwyddorau Cymdeithasol i ddatblygu cyfleoedd ymchwil, addysgu a datblygiad proffesiynol ardderchog sy’n cyfrannu at gynnal deilliannau’r Ganolfan.

•

Alinio’i hun yn gryf â blaenoriaeth drosfwaol Llywodraeth Cymru i atal a lliniaru effaith tlodi a’r flaenoriaeth genedlaethol i dorri’r cysylltiad rhwng tlodi a chyflawniad addysgol isel.

Canolfan i Gymru Mae lansiad y Ganolfan yn cynrychioli ymrwymiad gan Brifysgol Cymru a Phrifysgol Cymru Y Drindod Dewi Sant i gyfrannu fel sefydliadau cenedlaethol at ddatblygiad Cymru fel gwlad gref, lwyddiannus, deg a chyfiawn. Dymuna’r Ganolfan fod yn adnodd i Gymru: ei sefydliadau cenedlaethol, y sectorau cyhoeddus, preifat a gwirfoddol, ei chymunedau ac yn anad dim, ei phobl.

Rydym eisoes wedi datblygu ystod eang o rwydweithiau a phartneriaethau ac rydym yn dechrau ymgymryd â’n darnau cyntaf o waith.

Felly, rydym yn ceisio cefnogaeth, cydweithrediad a diddordeb y rheiny rydym wedi’u gwahodd i’n lansiad a gobeithiwn y gallwn, gyda’n gilydd, wneud gwahaniaeth er mwyn gwneud Cymru’n wlad y dymunwn iddi fod.

Os hoffech drafod cyfleoedd i weithio gyda ni, byddai’n bleser gennym glywed gennych drwy’r manylion cyswllt isod.

Gallwch gysylltu â ni trwy: www.pcydds.ac.uk/ccca Ebost: ccca@pcydds.ac.uk Cyfeiriad: Canolfan Cymru er Cydraddoldeb mewn Addysg

Prifysgol Cymru Rhodfa’r Brenin Edward VII Caerdydd CF10 3NS Ffôn: 02920 376961

Canolfan Cymru er Cydraddoldeb mewn Addysg Wales Centre for Equity in Education

WALES CENTRE FOR EQUITY IN EDUCATION A CHARTER FOR EQUITY IN EDUCATION IN WALES

‘’ What ideas individuals may attach to the term ‘Millennium’ I know not, but I know that society may be formed so as to exist without crime, without poverty, with health greatly improved, with little, if any misery and with intelligence and happiness increased a hundredfold and no obstacle whatsoever intervenes at this moment except ignorance to prevent such a state of society from becoming universal ’’.

Extract from Robert Owen’s ‘Address to the Inhabitants of New Lanark’ New Year’s Day, 1816

Professor David Egan & Lizzie Swaffield, Wales Centre for Equity in Education

Published to Mark the Launch of the Wales Centre for Equity in Education at the Millennium Centre, Cardiff; 2 December, 2013.

Introduction As we move into the second decade of devolved government in Wales it is advisable to set out a vision of what Wales could be like twenty or so years from now and what part education should play in helping to achieve the transformation that will be required to realise our ambitions.

Why would we not want to see a Wales with a buoyant and sustainable economy providing plentiful and high quality employment?

Would it be a fair and just society where everyone’s life- chances, expectations, aspirations and opportunities for social mobility are excellent?

To underpin all of these laudable aims, will we have created a successful and equitable education system where achievement is not constrained by the influences of gender, ethnicity, place, family situation and background?

Could we create, thereby, what Robert Owen, one of the greatest social reformers produced by Wales called a ‘ New Millennium’?

Equity and Inequity in Wales Today Despite all the progress that Wales as a nation has made prior to and since devolution, we are today far from realising such ambitions. Our economy is in transition and we are attempting to move out of recession. There is significant inequity in our society, with almost of quarter of our people and about one-third of our children living below the poverty line. Nowhere is this more strongly represented than in our education system, where there are persistent gaps in achievement associated with gender, ethnicity, and most of all, poverty.

Various aspects of this inequity in society at large and in particular in education are presented below.

Proportion of children living in low-income households in Wales over time Welsh Government (2013) Child Poverty Strategy for Wales: Baseline Indicators

40% 35%

35% 30%

31%

28%

Wales - BHC Rate

29%

25% 20%

Wales - AHC Rate

24%

23%

15% 10% 5% 0%

Source: HBAI, DWP 1998-99 to 2000-01

2003-04 to 2005-06

2008-09 to 2010-11

Proportion of workless working age adults by region over time Welsh Government ( 2013) Child Poverty Strategy for Wales: Baseline Indicators

2005 2011 Change over time The North The Midlands The South and the East London Wales Scotland

29% 27% 23% 32% 31% 27%

33% 31% 26% 32% 33% 29%

Up Up Up No change Up Up

Number of families with dependent children who are living in overcrowded conditions in Wales.

Welsh Government ( 2013). Child Poverty Strategy for Wales :Baseline Indicators

25,000 20,000

23,000 18,000

15,000 10,000 5,000 0

Source: National Survey for Wales 2004

2010

Babies born with low birth weights in Wales.

Welsh Government (2013) Child Poverty Strategy for Wales: Baseline Indicators

10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0%

9.4%

9.1% 7.6%

8.9% 7.0%

1999-01

Most Deprived Fifth

7.2%

2003-05

Middle Deprived Fifth

2005-07

Difference between performance in the Level 2 threshold including a GCSE A*-C in English / Welsh and Maths of FSM and non-FSM pupils at KS4, 2006-2012 Achievement and Entitlement to Free School Meals in Wales, 2012, WELSH GOVERNMENT STATISTICAL BULLETIN SB32/2013

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Non FSM FSM Gap

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Percentage of pupils achieving the Level 2 threshold including a GCSE grade A*-C in English or Welsh (First Language) and Mathematics (L2EWM) at KS4 by main ethnic group, 2010-2012 (aggregated) Academic Achievement by Pupil Characteristics, 2012 WELSH GOVERNMENT Statistical Bulletin B33/2013

100 80

77.3

60

57.0

52.8

52.3

50.5

50.4

Mixed

All

White

47.0

40

41.7

20 0

Ethnic Background Chinese

Unknown

Asian

Other

Black

Wales Centre for Equity in Education The Wales Centre for Equity in Education is a joint initiative between the University of Wales Trinity Saint David and the University of Wales. Its purpose is to make a significant impact on reducing the educational inequalities which currently exist in Wales and to contribute to the vision for a future nation set out above.

It has been established to be a leading national policy and applied research centre focusing on all forms of disadvantage associated with low educational achievement in Wales. It will bring together policy-makers, researchers and practitioners to improve knowledge and understanding of educational inequities and how to tackle the challenges associated with them.

The Centre will be fully integrated within the two university institutions, supporting the development of excellent research and teaching and building their national profile, especially in the areas of teacher education, early years and social inclusion.

It will also be closely aligned to the national policy context including the overarching national priority to tackle poverty and to break the link between disadvantage and low educational achievement.

Breaking the Link Between Poverty and Low Achievement The Centre is committed to making a significant contribution to ending all forms of educational inequity in Wales, in contexts ranging from pre-school to higher education.

Its initial focus will be on breaking the link between poverty and low educational achievement.

The Centre will promote the following approaches to tackling this issue and narrowing the gap in achievement: •

Sharing effective practice and disseminating evidence.

•

Developing, supporting and monitoring interventions that are carried out pre-school, by schools and local/regional authorities.

•

The full engagement of parents and families in education.

•

The development of community partnerships and interventions focused on education.

The case studies below provide examples of work already going on in Wales of the type that will be promoted by the Centre to improve policy making and practice:

Case Study: Early Years The educational provision for three to four year olds within this Integrated Children’s Centre in a disadvantaged urban area is inspirational. The stimulating and exciting environment and outstanding teaching enrich their childhood. Children develop into independent, confident individuals who have a strong sense of self-belief and a feeling of respect for themselves and others. The high quality accommodation and educational resources provide children with an outstanding start in many aspects of their lives. The contribution of the nursery to the regeneration of the wider community is immense.

Integrated education, childcare, family support and health services are key factors in determining good outcomes for children and their families. The co–location of providers within Integrated Children’s Centres encourages joined up working which prioritises the needs of the child above all others. The Centre acts as a hub for the community with a wide range of organisations delivering a variety of activities for children and families including early years education, childcare and training and family support.

Estyn Inspection Report (2008)

Case Study: Parental engagement This city centre primary school serves a diverse community with 96% being from ethnic minorities. 43 per cent of the children have free school meals; 49% have English as an Additional Language and 39% have Additional Learning Needs. As part of its commitment to the local community and in order to improve standards of literacy, the school has increasingly made parental engagement a priority.

To achieve this the school has: • • • • •

An open-door policy whereby regular communication takes place between the leadership of the school and parents.

Open mornings for parents to observe learning and teaching.

Family learning including family literacy classes.

Inclusive assemblies and celebrations.

Parents volunteering to support learning in classes.

The school has achieved great success in recent years and has recently been judged to be excellent by Estyn for its current performance and its prospects for improvement.

Estyn ( 2012) Effective Practice in Tackling Poverty and Disadvantage in Schools

Case Study: Pupil Wellbeing This primary school is situated in the South Wales Valleys in an area of high socioeconomic disadvantage. 26 per cent of pupils are entitled to free school meals. The school has developed a systematic approach to developing the wellbeing of pupils as an essential requirement of high achievement.

Staff and pupils initially audited existing provision for wellbeing. A tracking system was devised to monitor wellbeing and this allows staff to identify pupils who need particular support such as counseling and referral to specialist services. These approaches are closely linked to academic tracking systems to ensure and inform interventions to tackle low achievement by individual pupils and groups of pupils such as those on free school meals.

Over the last four years results in the school have improved considerably and now compare well with similar schools, particularly in the achievement of free school meals pupils.

Estyn ( 2012) Effective Practice in Tackling Poverty and Disadvantage in Schools

Case Study: Leadership in a Secondary School The school serves a disadvantaged community where 26% of pupils are entitled to free school meals. A range of interventions have been developed to support low achieving pupils and this has required new approaches to leadership. Leaders of Learning have been appointed who track pupils’ progress and when necessary ensure that timely interventions are put in place to remove barriers to progress. They also monitor and evaluate the outcomes of the interventions.

Interventions include mentoring pupils, personalised programmes of learning, and developing partnerships with other agencies supported by the work of Family Engagement Officers.

This work has led to improved attendance, higher levels of achievement, a decrease in exclusions and the strengthening of pupils’ aspirations for what they wish to achieve in future.

Estyn Best Practice Case Study; 2012

Case Study: Family Engagement Save the Children works with Families and Schools Together (FAST) to improve access to the award-winning FAST parental engagement programme. The core aims of this evidence-based prevention programme are to enable children to: •

Succeed in school and have stronger life chances because of improved educational achievement in reading, writing and maths, behaviour and better home–school relationships;

•

Live in strengthened families because of improved parent-child bonds, communication and parental confidence;

•

Live in stronger communities with increased trust, participation and reduced social isolation.

FAST adopts a universal, participatory and experiential eight-week curriculum to build relationships between parents and children, parents and schools and parents and other parents within the local community. After graduation, parents continue to meet on a monthly basis, growing relationships and gains from participating in the programme.

Throughout the programme, children and parents take part in activities such as eating together as a family, family play, learning and communication activities, one to- one parent-child dedicated support, community building and parent-to-other-local-parent time. Each family also receives a hamper of goods, including books and toys, so that they can continue to support their child’s learning and development at home.

Save the Children (2012) Child Poverty Snapshots: the Local Picture in Wales

Case Study: Community Partnership This community of about 3000 people is one of the most disadvantaged places in Wales as ranked by the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation. It was developed as a council estate in the late 1950s and came to be regarded as a troubled community with high levels of deprivation including high unemployment, poor housing, serious health problems and low levels of educational achievement. In recent years, whilst it continues to be a seriously disadvantaged community, its reputation and resilience has been transformed. This change has been led by the Communities First Partnership, which has drawn in significant support from other agencies, including extensive charitable funding to undertake a series of interventions.

Within this activity education has had a strong profile. The two local primary schools and the local secondary schools where most of the pupils attend have become closely involved in the work. Previously the two primary schools were low performing and the children from the village in the secondary school rarely did well in education, with few proceeding to post-16 education. This level of education performance has now been significantly improved. The attendance, behaviour and more recently the achievement of pupils from the community are now better than the average in the secondary school.

This success has been achieved through a growing commitment to education within the community, involving parents, families, local politicians, various organisations and the education system itself, including further and higher education and adult and work-based learning. The annual ‘learning day’ is attended by over 100 individuals and organisations, who together plan the provision they will make in the community over the forthcoming year to provide a range of opportunities from pre-school education, support for the schools, through to family and adult education.

The Work of the Wales Centre for Equity in Education The purpose of the Wales Centre for Equity in Education is to make a significant impact on reducing educational inequities in Wales. It will do this by working at national, regional and local levels to bring about change through evidence based improvements to policy and practice. It will bring together researchers, policy makers and practitioners to create a hub of knowledge and expertise in this important area of social policy.

The vision of the Centre is to be a leading national policy and applied research centre. It will seek to be recognised for its excellence and influential in informing policy making and practice in Wales and beyond.

It will be an important part of the University of Wales Trinity Saint David Group and position the institution as the leading university for this field of education and social policy. It will enhance the Group’s strategic development and benefit teaching, learning and research within the institution.

It will promote social justice and inclusion in a way that supports the sustainable development of an equitable, fit-for-purpose education system for future generations in Wales and beyond.

The Centre will achieve this vision through: •

Developing knowledge and understanding of the extent, causes and effects of inequities in educational achievement in Wales.

•

Involving practitioners, policy-makers and researchers in collaborative work, creating a hub of expertise to improve policy and practice.

•

Developing and supporting the implementation of innovative intervention models and strategies.

•

Sharing effective practice and disseminating evidence of what works from across, Wales, the UK and internationally.

•

Developing, monitoring and evaluating policy.

•

Working closely with the Faculties of Teacher Education and Social Sciences to develop excellent research and teaching and professional development opportunities that contribute to sustaining the outcomes of the Centre.

•

Strongly aligning itself to the Welsh Government’s overarching priority to prevent and mitigate the impact of poverty and the national priority to break the link between poverty and low educational achievement.

A Centre for Wales The launch of the Centre represents a commitment by the University of Wales and the University of Wales Trinity Saint David to contribute as national institutions, to the development of Wales as a strong, successful, fair and equitable country. The Centre wishes to be a resource for Wales: its national organisations, the public, private and voluntary sectors, its communities and most of all, its people.

We have already developed a wide range of networks and partnerships and are beginning to undertake our first pieces of work.

We seek, therefore the support, collaboration and interest of those we have invited to our launch and hope that together we can make the difference to make Wales the nation we wish it to be.

If you would like to discuss opportunities to work with us we would be delighted to hear from you on the contact details below.

You can contact us on: www.uwtsd.ac.uk/wcee Email: wcee@uwtsd.ac.uk Address: Wales Centre for Equity in Education

University of Wales

King Edward VII Avenue

Cardiff

CF10 3NS Tel: 02920 376961