Trader's Dispatch May 2026

MAY 2026

Vol. XXVII No. 4 P.O. Box 997 Conrad, MT 59425-0997

Phone 406-271-5533 Fax 406-271-5727 website: tradersdispatch.com E-MAIL: advertising @ tradersdispatch.com

Student Loan Assistance Program

College-educated ag producers can apply for up to five years of student loan assistance The Montana Department of Agriculture’s (MDA) Student Loan Assistance Program is now accepting applications. Established during the 2019 legislative session, this program provides student loan assistance to Montana’s college-educated youth pursuing careers in farming or ranching.

“The Student Loan Assistance Program seeks to help relieve some of the financial stressors that our young farmers and ranchers often face,” said MDA Director Jillien Streit. “When we can encourage or help bring a kid back to the farm, that’s a win for Montana agriculture.”

Qualified farmers and ranchers are eligible for student loan assistance through the program for up to five years. Applicants must be a Montana resident designated as the primary owner, heir, successor or assignee of a farm or ranch in Montana that obtained their associated or baccalaureate degree(s) from a Montana college or university and have agreed to operate their farm or ranch for at least five years.

CONTINUED ON PAGE A2

AUCTIONS

May 10 - 19, Grizzly Auctions, Annual Spring into Auction Sale, Online........ ................................................................................................................A9 May 13 - 17, Smeltzer Auctions & Real Estate, May Firearms & Sporting Goods, Online..........................................................................................A4 May 13 - 20, Booker Auction Company, Annual Spring Offsite Farm Auction, Online......................................................................................................A9 May 13 - 20, Ascent Auction Services, Spring Belgrade Equipment & Vehicle, Onine.......................................................................................................A7 May 13 - 27, Musser Bros Auction, Larry Staley Farm Retirement Auction, Online....................................................................................................A13 May 13 - 27, Shobe Auction, Inc., Roy Grocery & Residence, Online.......A12 May 16, Weaver Auctions, Spring Farm & Ranch Consignment, Drummond MT...........................................................................................................A5 May 16, Kevin Hill Auction Service, Van Valkenburg Estate, Kalispell MT...A22 May 17, RLP Auctions, Cowboy Collectibles, Native American, Americana, Hamilton MT..........................................................................................A14 May 20 - 27, Smeltzer Auctions & Real Estate, Con-Mat Supply Going out of business, Online...................................................................................A11 May 30, Ophus Auction Company, Yown Inc., Farm Auction, Ethridge MT.... ..............................................................................................................A19 May 30, Roshon’s Auction Service, Public Auction, Somers MT..............A14 May 30, Dan Weaver Auction, Moore MT..................................................A15 May 30, RK Statewide Auction, Lyle Christensen Estate, Glendive MT....A12 May 30, GSI Auction Service, Spring Consignment, Glasgow MT..............A8 Late Spring.Musser Bros Auctions & Real Estate, Tracy Nelson Retirement, Joplin, MT.............................................................................................A18 June 2026, Musser Bros Auction, NW Regional Equipment.....................A10 June 4, Shobe Auction, Inc., Rosman Ranch, Hobson MT........................A21 June 10, Fritz Auction, 2026 Consignment, Chester MT...........................A27 June 13, VanderBrink Auctions, LLC, The Schildberg Collection, Greenfield IA...........................................................................................................A32 June 13, Ophus Auction Company, Eagle Butte Farms, Loma MT............A29 June 13, Flying D Auction, Cliff Gustafson Estate, Conrad MT.................A28 June 13, Kevin Hill Auction Service, Gove Retirement, Marion MT..........A20 Summer, VanderBrink Auctions, LLC, The Jim & Lulu Finney Collection, Oblong IL...............................................................................................A32 July 18, VanderBrink Auctions, LLC, The Rick Knigge “Go Fast” Collection, Casper WY.............................................................................................A32 July 25, VanderBrink Auctions, LLC, Dehn Collection, Rapid City SD......A32 Sept 19, VanderBrink Auctions, LLC, The Born Family Estate, Eaton CO....A32

Nebraska Youth Range Camp The 2026 Nebraska Youth Range Camp will be held at Nebraska College of Technical Agriculture in Curtis, Nebraska, June 8th – 11th. Students ages 14-18, with an interest in rangeland management, conservation, ecology, animal science, and wildlife, are encouraged to attend the 62nd Annual Nebraska Youth Range Camp.

The Nebraska Youth Range Camp provides hands-on experience with rangeland and natural resources taught by professionals from various agencies, colleges, and universities. With over 60 years to perfect and evolve this curriculum, every student, no matter what prior experience they have, will learn a considerable amount of information.

CONTINUED ON PAGE A2

A “treasure” we came across in one of our many travels through our National Forest Lands in Montana.

Apparently it is an old steam boiler from some type of mining operation years ago. Maybe copper mining etc.

Montana ranch becomes one of two Wild Horse Adoption Centers in the Northwest

Eleven wild horses stepped off a trailer at Stoltz Ranch on Fly Creek Road on March 12th, marking a milestone not just for one family’s passion project, but for wild horse adoption access across the entire northwestern United States.

Stoltz Ranch, owned and operated by Trent Stoltz, has been approved as a Branded Adoption Center through Forever Branded, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that partners with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Wild Horse and Burro Program. The designation makes Stoltz Ranch one of two Forever Branded Adoption Center for wild horses in Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, and the greater Northwest region — bringing wild horse adoption closer to thousands of potential adopters who previously had no nearby option.

What Is a Branded Adoption Center?

Branded Adoption Centers are privately operated facilities contracted through Forever Branded to house and offer federally protected wild horses and burros to the public.

Each center must pass a rigorous application,

PRIVATE TREATY

Anchor Polled Herefords, Vaughn MT................... C6 Browning Angus, Fallon MT.................................. A2 Clay Creek Angus, Greybull, WY............................ A3 K & C Herefords, Deer Lodge MT........................... C6 K.L. Slagsvold Herefords, Lindsay MT................... C6 McMurry Cattle, Herefords, Billings MT................ C6 Pam Durhams, Kevin MT....................................... A2 Wichman Herefords, Moore MT............................. C6

interview, and on-site BLM facility inspection, and must be equipped to safely care for at least 20 animals at one time. Operators are vetted for horsemanship skills, safe handling experience, and alignment with the program’s humane treatment standards.

The horses currently at Stoltz Ranch arrived from a BLM holding facility in Oregon, offering adopters the rare opportunity to build a one-of-a-kind partnership with a true American wild horse.

2026 Public Sale Events at Stoltz Ranch Five public adoption and sale events are scheduled at Stoltz Ranch (1801 Fly Creek Rd., Pompeys Pillar, Montana) in 2026. BLM representatives will be on hand at each event to answer questions and assist with the adoption process.

April 30-May 3, 2026 June 27–28, 2026 July 25-26, 2026 August 22–23, 2026 September 26-27, 2026 In addition to sale weekends, horses will be available for adoption on an ongoing basis throughout the spring and summer as new animals arrive. Interested buyers do not have to wait for a sale event.

CONTINUED ON PAGE A2

OTHER DATED

July 7, Montana Department of Ag Pesticide Disposal, Polson MT.......................................................... B22 July 8, Montana Department of Ag Pesticide Disposal, Hamilton MT...................................................... B22 July 9, Montana Department of Ag Pesticide Disposal, Butte MT............................................................ B22

ADVERTISING DEADLINE FOR JUNE ISSUE

Wednesday, May 27

Advertiser Index B1

Email: advertising@tradersdispatch.com

Recipe Patch A44

website: www.tradersdispatch.com

Nebraska Youth Range Camp

Trader’s Dispatch May 2026 — Page A2

SWATHER FOR SALE John Deere A400 swather, 1775 engine hours, 1265 machine hours, 30-ft.

Honey Bee header, center throw, always been shedded.

Excellent condition............................................................... $50,000 obo

Call (406) 583-7554, Eastern MT

~ ~ Private Treaty ~ ~

Black and Red Angus Bulls - Yearling and 2-year-olds These cattle are bred for long lasting maternal traits and moderate birth weights since 1981.

Fertility tested and delivered.

Contact Browning Angus (406) 486-5040 or (406) 429-7371, Fallon, MT

Call for more Information

701-509-6965

www.AgConcepts.com

Students who attend will participate in field activities, lectures, leadership/team-building activities, and a field trip to a local working ranch. These activities illustrate different goals and the related range management that is implemented to achieve these goals. Each student will be sent home with a binder that is filled with educational materials.

Interested individuals can find more information, the Range Camp application, and brochure by visiting the Nebraska Society for Range Management’s website at www.nesrm.org and then clicking on the Nebraska Youth Range Camp link or sending an email to tevyn@sandhillstaskforce.org. Applications need to be submitted by May 31st. Check with your local Natural Resources District (NRD) to see if they have scholarships available.

Nebraska Youth Range Camp is an event that is made possible through the Nebraska Section of the Society for Range Management with assistance from several Nebraska ranches, the Sandhills Task Force, the Nebraska Grazing Lands Coalition, several of Nebraska’s Natural Resource Districts, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the University of NebraskaLincoln Extension Service, and many volunteers.

Student Loan Assistance Program CONTINUED FROM FRONT PAGE

Applications are due May 18, 2026, and can be submitted through WebGrants. Full program guidelines are available on the department’s website at agr.mt.gov/Student-Loan-AssistanceProgram.

• Dry Powder • Easy to Use - Any Crop • Cost Effective • 50 lb. Bag Treats 133 acres Data Anaylsis Varieties

CONTINUED FROM FRONT PAGE

Horse Adoption Centers

Area Harvested

Yield

Total Yield

Moisture

Wet Weight

Total Wet Weight

---

0 ac

1,414 bu/ac

2 bu

12.8%

84,882.7 lb/ac

104 lb

WB9590

56.9 ac

86 bu/ac

4,920 bu

13.8%

5,244.4 lb/ac

298,440 lb

WB9590 HUMADE

28.3 ac

93 bu/ac

2,642 bu

13.7%

5,642.7 lb/ac

159,875 lb

Totals/Averages

85.2 ac

89 bu/ac

7,564 bu

13.8%

5,377.9 lb/ac

458,419 lb

CONTINUED FROM FRONT PAGE

How to Adopt All interested adopters must submit an application through the BLM Wild Horse and Burro website prior to purchasing a horse. Applications can also be completed the day of any sale event, and BLM representatives will be available on-site to walk prospective adopters through the process.

Rooted in a Love of Horses Stoltz Ranch applied to the Forever Branded Adoption Center program out of a longtime passion for horses and a desire to give these animals — and the people who might love them — a better chance to find each other. The ranch is committed to humane handling standards and the natural horsemanship principles promoted by Forever Branded.

There are currently just 11 Branded Adoption Centers operating across the United States. Stoltz Ranch fills a significant geographic gap, giving horse-minded families across Montana, Wyoming, the Dakotas, and Nebraska a regional destination for wild horse adoption.

Contact Stoltz Ranch/Fly Creek Adoption Center at 1801 Fly Creek Rd., Pompeys Pillar, MT 59064 or phone: (406) 590-0745. Email address is stoltzranch@gmail.com. Website is www.foreverbranded.org

THE TRADER’S DISPATCH (USPS 019-793)

MAY 2026 — Vol. XXVII No. 4 Published monthly by Trader’s DisPatch Inc., PO Box 997, Conrad, MT 59425-0997. Free on request to farmers, ranchers, heavy equipment owners and truckers in the Western United States.

Non-qualifying in-state annual subscription fee is $15.

Out-of-state nonqualifying U.S. annual subscription $25.

Periodicals Postage Paid at Conrad, MT and at additional mailing offices.

DEADLINE FOR JUNE ISSUE

Wednesday, MAY 27

Postmaster: Send address changes to Trader’s Dispatch, PO Box 997, Conrad, MT 59425-0997 Jean Aaberg, production Geri Aaberg, circulation Kathy Peterson, ad layout Suzy Benzing, sales and ad layout

Office Phone 406-271-5533 e-mail: advertising@tradersdispatch.com

FAX 406-271-5727

www.tradersdispatch.com

Notice: Advertisers purchase space and circulation only. All property rights to any advertisements produced for the advertiser by Trader’s Dispatch, using artwork or typography furnished or arranged by Trader’s Dispatch shall be the property of Trader’s Dispatch. No such ad or any part thereof may be reproduced or assigned without the consent of Trader’s Dispatch. If camera ready copy is submitted, a PDF is preferred with all fonts embedded. All black type must be 100% black and color must be CMYK. WE CANNOT GUARANTEE PRINTING QUALITY on any ads sent in RGB and/or built on non-standard publishing programs, i/e, Word or Power Point. If the format is incorrect we may need to rebuild your ad. We have graphic designers available to build your ad, simply send us ad copy along with any photos you wish to include. Photos should be high resolution sent as JPGs. No thumbnail photos please.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A3

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A4

Tool Box / Bearing Sales 420 3rd St. S Great Falls, MT 59405

406.452.6590

Check Us Out Online:

www.toolboxmt.com

• 224 Yearling & Two-Year-old Registered Angus bulls • Nice selection of low birth weight heifer bulls • 130 Replacement Heifers

PRIVATE TREATY We've removed the guess work, let our proven sire program add uniformity to your calf crop.

SIRES INCLUDE:

• Clay Creek Countdown • Clay Creek Rito • Ideal Encore • Pathfinder, Resilient

CLAY CREEK ANGUS Providing quality seed stock through proven genetics. Volume Discounts

3334 Rd. 14 • Greybull, WY 82426 • 307-762-3541

2026 Wheat Variety Tours scheduled for June

By Nebraska Extension Wheat plots will soon be available for the annual Wheat Variety Tours hosted by the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Crop Performance Testing Program, local farmer-cooperators, and university farm managers in June. Details and GPS pins for each event, as well as changes due to weather or other conditions, can be found at https://go.unl.edu/7a9b Seven fields will be featured from Jefferson to Banner County will be highlighted, showcasing unique wheat varieties and experimental lines being tested across the state.

The Department of Agronomy and Horticulture’s associate professor Cody Creech and research associate professor Amanda Easterly will lead the tours. They will be joined

by Katherine Frels, agronomy and horticulture assistant professor and small grains breeder, and Stephen Wegulo, Department of Plant Pathology small grains plant pathologist, who will provide updates and answer questions. Seed industry partners will also share insights. Previous years’ data and multi-year, multi-location summaries can be found at https://go.unl.edu/wsvt.

New for this year, one of the eastern Nebraska locations has been moved from Saunders County to Washington County with a returning farmer-cooperator.

QR codes linking to Google Maps pins for each location are provided on the tour website at https://go.unl.edu/7a9b.

While the GPS coordinates are not exact, they should take you close to the plot. At most sites, an orange stake is placed in the first row. Plots will be staked with the variety name about a week ahead of the event date and will remain in place until just before harvest. Maps for each trial are available upon request to Dr. Easterly or Dr. Creech. As in the past, if you visit a field on your own, coordinate with local farmercooperators or farm managers before visiting a site.

Wheat Tours for 2026 June 10 - Jefferson County at Knobel Seeds,5 p.m. CT June 15 - Hitchcock/Red Willow County at Peters Seed Farms, 5 p.m. CT June 16 - Perkins County at Stumpf Int’l Wheat Research Center, 9 a.m. MT June 16 - Deuel County at V&F Seeds in Chappell, 5 p.m. MT June 17 - Cheyenne County at HPAL with lunch, 8 a.m.

MT June 17- Box Butte Irrigated, 3 p.m. MT; then Dryland at Cullan Farm Seed, 5 p.m. MT June 18 - Banner County at Jim Wyatt Farm, 9 a.m. MT

Soil health workshop MAY FIREARMS & SPORTING GOODS ONLINE AUCTION SIDNEY, MONTANA

FIREARMS ARE LOCATED AT LUNDEMOE FIRE ARMS & SPORTS BIDDING CLOSES MAY 17, 2026 @ 7:00 PM

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Pondera County Conservation District is partnering with NRCS and Rocky Mountain Front Ranchlands Group to bring soil health expert Patti Armbrister to to town. A resident of Hinsdale, MT, Armbrister has been recognized by the National Association of Conservation Districts as Montana’s Soil Health Champion. Armbrister describes her approach as “working with nature to improve our soils, lands, and lives.”

The ReThinking Weeds Workshop will take place on Thursday, June 11 in Dupuyer, MT. As the name suggests, the presentation will focus not simply on eliminating weeds, but rather on looking at the bigger picture. Why do weeds grow where they do? What might they reveal about the soil? By better understanding the weeds they are battling, producers can work with nature to address the root cause, reduce dependence on herbicides, and begin to transform the soil that their crops, livestock, and communities depend on.

Registration for this free workshop begins at 11:15 AM at the Dupuyer Community Hall. The presentation will begin at 11:30. In addition to Armbrister’s talk, participants can look forward to lunch and outdoor time spent looking at soil and weeds in their context. Armbrister will discuss practical steps to take for a few of the most troublesome weeds for local producers. The event will conclude around 3:30 PM. The Pondera County Weed District is applying for pesticide applicator credits for the event.

While the workshop is designed with farmers and ranchers in mind, the general public is welcome to attend. Attendees should come prepared to be outside in the weather for a portion of the day. While outdoors, a few benches will be available, but some people may wish to bring lawn chairs. For more info, contact the Pondera County Conservation District at ponderacd@gmail.com. For info about the pesticide applicator credits, contact the Weed District at (406)271-5672 or at weeds@ponderacountymt.gov.

Inaugural Grassland Gallery event accepting applications and registrations

By Nebraska Extension Sandhills.

A Celebration of Nebraska’s grasslands, Register for any event at: https://www. stories, and communities will be held at grasslandgallery.com/events-registration three featured sites in Cherry, Buffalo, and Attendance and participation are comKeith County on June 13, August 4, and pletely free to the public.

September 26.

For more information, email grasslandGrassland Gallery: Film & Art Inspired galleryunl@gmail.com by the Range is a free, multidisciplinary event celebrating the agriculture, land##### scapes, and people of Nebraska’s grassGolf: An endless sequence of tragedies lands. Rooted in rural stories and shaped interrupted by the occasional miracle folby the land itself, the event brings together lowed by a cold beer. film screenings, visual art, and immersive place-based experiences to foster connection, learning, and creative exchange.

The Grassland Gallery is accepting applications from visual and musical artists, rangeland filmmakers, and agricultural host sites. The event is also accepting applications from food vendors, professional organizations, and agricultural companies interested in hosting free educational booths.

Applicants may apply at https://www.grasslandgallery.com/artist-vendor-hostsite-application Applications for the June 13 must be submitted by May 29.

Applications for the August 4 must be submitted by July 10.

Applications for the September 26, must be submitted by August 15.

Host Sites: June 13 - Cherry County, family-owned and operated for five generations, Diamond Lazy J Ranch specializes in purebred Angus and Balancer cattle, while Niobrara Valley Vineyards produces approximately 30,000 bottles of Nebraskagrown wine annually and distributes to nearly 90 retail outlets statewide.

August 4 - Buffalo County, the 2026 Nebraska Grazing Conference (NGC) is the 26th Annual Conference in the long history of serving Nebraska’s graziers. The 2026 Conference will be held on August 4th and 5th at the Younes Conference Center South in Kearney, NE. Grasslands Gallery will be showcased from 5-7 p.m.

CT during a celebration of the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists.

September 28 - Keith County, founded in 1884 and operated by the Haythorn family for six generations, Haythorn Land & Cattle Co. is one of Nebraska’s most historic and respected working ranches.

The ranch raises commercial Black Angus cattle and foundation-bred American Quarter Horses on the native grass-stabilized dunes of the

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A5

LOADER FOR SALE

Case loader with 2-yard bucket, easy start, cab, 16,000 lb. capacity, good tires.

Phone (406) 735-4348

HEREFORD BULLS FOR SALE

Home raised on forage only, never fed grain 16 coming 2 year olds, 13 coming yearlings, 5 older bulls Horned and polled Average price of 2 yr olds- $3800; yearlings $3750 Located North Central South Dakota Rick Rausch 605-380-0784 rrs@venturecomm.net

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A6

Wagyu/Akaushi BULLS FOR SALE

In a camper down by the river: WSU students spend spring break helping cows

Yearling and 2- and 4-year olds Phone (406) 860-7085, Broadus, MT

Zimmerman Bale Stacking Can stack all big bales 3x4s, 3x3s, 4x4s, and round bales

Zimmerman Manure & Silage Hauling • Any job big or small • Loader and skid steer available.

• Vertical beaters for even spreading • Silage pushing

Will also do wheel loader work

Phone (406) 788-9480 or (406) 467-2845

Arnold Zimmerman, 661 4th Rd NE, Fairfield, MT 59436

A cow and her newborn calf walk through a pasture during WSU’s spring calving season, when students in a hands-on course monitor the herd and help care for animals in the field (photo courtesy of Scott Weybright, CAHNRS)

Many college seniors spend spring break visiting family, skiing, or traveling somewhere like Cabo. Camping in a cow pasture with no cell service? Not so much.

As part of the Beef Cattle Calving Management course taught by WSU beef cattle operations manager Ryan Goodman, students spend spring break helping care for the university’s herd during calving season.

The four students taking the course split up the week in pairs, monitoring 126 pregnant cows that were due to calve in their winter pasture above the Snake River.

The course is selective: Students must apply and be chosen.

“We want students who will get the most out of the experience,” Goodman said.

“What we’re doing is pretty advanced, and we need students who plan to work with large animals in their professional career.”

Two of the students, Naomi Turner and Laurin Ogg, will graduate this May with bachelor’s degrees in animal sciences.

They’ll begin grad school next fall with the WSU College of Veterinary Medicine.

“Ryan presented it as having to give something up, like it could be a deal breaker,” said Turner, a Springdale, Washington, native. “It was the exact opposite for me; this experience was a selling point.

This class has built on everything we have learned since our first year here, allowing us to apply our knowledge in a hands-on environment.”

The students began each day at 6 a.m. with the sunrise check, followed by three or four more across 1,200 acres of canyon range land. They drove a small off-road vehicle looking for calves born overnight and cows in distress.

Laurin Ogg, Naomi Turner, and Ryan Goodman (left–right) pose for a photo with a Wagyu beef cow (photo courtesy of Scott Weybright, CAHNRS).

Normally, cows give birth quickly and without much fuss. On one check, a cow was acting mildly agitated as the students drove past. Then on the return to the camper roughly 20 minutes later, they noticed that cow with a new calf lying next to her.

“That’s how it’s supposed to work — it’s a very natural process,” said Ogg, who is from Hoodsport, Washington. “We won’t interact with them for the first few hours, ensuring that the cow and calf have adequate bonding time. Then after a while, we go back and do the initial processing.”

That processing involves weighing the newborn, making sure they’re active and nursing, administering vaccinations, and placing an ID tag in their ear.

When the students encountered abnormal calving signs in one distressed heifer, the term for a new mother who had never had a calf before, they rounded her up into a pen.

“We walked with her from the far side of the pasture and got her almost to the pen, when she turned and ran right back,” Turner said. “These hills are steep, and we were exhausted doing that all again. These cows are bred for this environment, so she climbed the canyon walls with ease. We got her into a pen where Ryan was able to coach us through the situation.”

When the students noticed the distressed animal, they immediately texted Goodman.

Although there is no cell service in the canyon, they did have a satellite hookup for emergencies.

“The calf was upside down and backwards. Normally, I can take care of that, but this year I needed help,” said Goodman, who broke his arm a few weeks before calving season started. “It was so hard to sit back and watch. But with help from Dr. Zachary Seekford (a WSU animal sciences faculty member), we got the calf out safely.

Naomi and Laurin did a perfect job helping the mother.”

Laurin Ogg and Naomi Turner complete processing work after a cow gives birth (photo courtesy of Scott Weybright, CAHNRS).

Turner and Ogg both said this is the type of experience they could have only dreamed of when they came to WSU. Both arrived wanting to become veterinarians but didn’t know they’d have an opportunity to directly care for animals as students.

“There were only four students staying in the pasture during spring break, but we’ll have around 70 students helping at various points,” Goodman said. “We want to match them with their experience level.”

Some students have never been around large animals, so they will start with prep work and watch during the hands-on work.

As they get more comfortable, they’ll have the chance to work more directly with the animals, Goodman said.

Because the cows were artificially inseminated on the same date, their due dates fell in mid-March, during WSU’s spring break. Though some calves develop faster than others, the peak timing kept the students busy.

“We saw new calves each time we checked,” Turner said. “It’s been fantastic to be part of the process and watch these calves come into the world.”

Providing students with immersive, real-world experiences is central to WSU’s mission and critical to training the next generation of animal science and veterinary professionals, said Raj Khosla, Cashup Davis Family Endowed Dean of WSU’s College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences.

“It speaks volumes about our students that they choose to spend their spring break caring for animals and supporting real agricultural operations” Khosla said.

ND Angus University feed-out to begin in May

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A7

We’d appreciate it if you tell an advertiser you read his ad in the Trader’s Dispatch.

Cattle producers will have an opportunity to see how Angus‐sired cattle from their operation perform in a feedlot during the North Dakota Angus University calf feed‐out program in the upcoming summer and fall of 2026.

North Dakota State University’s Carrington Research Extension Center is partnering with the North Dakota Angus Association to sponsor the North Dakota Angus University Feed-out. This is the 15th year of the program.

“Feed-out projects like North Dakota Angus University are a great way for producers to learn more about their calves’ performance compared to other herds,” says Karl Hoppe, NDSU Extension livestock systems specialist at the Carrington Research Extension Center.

Ranchers can consign steers to the program by contacting the Carrington Research Extension Center. Consigned steers must be at least 50% Angus genetics and weigh between 900 and 1,100 pounds at delivery. Consigned cattle will be delivered to the Carrington feedlot on May 26-29, 2026.

Ranchers who consign cattle pay the feeding costs for their pen of cattle plus veterinary costs and a modest yardage charge. The Carrington Research Extension Center will carry the feed, veterinary and yardage costs until the cattle are marketed. After the cattle are marketed, costs and all applicable fees are deducted from the sale price without interest.

Consigners of the program must also be NDAA members.

Participants in the North Dakota Angus University will receive periodic progress reports on their calves’ performance, as well as a final report on overall performance, efficiency and carcass traits of their calves.

In the 2025 NDAU feed-out, calf performance was measured during a 133-day feeding study. Steers had an average daily gain of 4.14 pounds. Shrunk live weight at harvest averaged 1,484 pounds, and carcass weight averaged 932 pounds. The cattle graded 97% USDA Choice or better, with 51% meeting Certified Angus Beef specifications and 19% Prime quality grade.

The NDAA offers $1,500 in prizes to the top three carcasses at the end of the feed-out.

More information is available at ndsu.ag/NDAU-enroll-26.

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A8

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Churchill Equipment Co. 7150 Churchill Rd. Manhattan

##### McDermott and McDuff were sitting in front of a crackling fire on a freezing day in the outskirts of Glasgow, where the snow was coming down hard.

With their frozen beards thawing in front of the fire, they sipped their pints of beer as they contemplated their surroundings. Finally, McDermott stated, “That was quite a round of golf.” McDuff looked up from his drink and replied, “Same time next week?”

“Aye” McDermott retorted, “weather permiting.

GSI AUCTION SERVICE

SPRING CONSIGNMENT

- AUCTION -

Sat., May 30, 2026 – 10:00 am (MTN) Auction to be held at 54166 US HWY 2 (west of Glasgow, MT)

*** This Is An Early listing***

CHECK BACK FOR UPDATES: www.glasgowstockyards.com

TRACTORS-LOADERS:

**1975 LONG U445 TRACTOR WITH KELLEY LOADER SN# 549105 **IH 806 TRACTOR ** CAT 950 C LOADER

TRAILERS:

**2008 WILSON 53’ TRIPLE AXLE CATTLE POT **1999 RED RIVER TRIPLE AXLE LIVE BOTTOM TRAILER **PIONEER BUMPER PULL CAMPER

LIVESTOCK HANDLING:

**POWDER RIVER CALF TABLE WITH REAR GATE (VERY LITTLE USE ALWAYS SHEDDED) **POWDER RIVER SQUEEZE CHUTE **ARROWQUIP 10’ TUB 3/4 FLOW **HOMEMADE MATERNITY PEN **ROUND BALE FEEDERS

LAWN & GARDEN:

**DR TRIMMER **JOHN DEERE ZERO TURN MOWER **TORO ZERO TURN MOWER

Ed Hinton 406-783-7285

TRUCKS/PICKUPS/UTILITY:

**2017 HONDA PIONEER 1000 SIDE BY SIDE (BLACK) **6X6 ARMY TRUCK **1996 FORD F350 DUALLY 460-5 SPEED **1988 FORD F350 460-F SPEED **1986 CHEVROLET 3/4-TON GAS

ATTACHMENTS:

**JOHN DEERE SNOWBLOWER SB84B (LIKE NEW) **BOBCAT SKIDSTEER GRAPPLE, 60’ **FARMHAND F258 LOADER & GRAPPLE

MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT:

**8’ UTILITY BOX FOR SRW WHEEL BASE **BUNDLES OF TIES ** 40 OAK TIES **RANDOM SHEETS OF CORRUGATED TIN AND 16’ OF GREEN TIN **PALLET OF AMMO CANS IN BUNDLES **TRAEGER LIL TEX ELITE PELLET GRILL

HAYING EQUIPMENT:

**2013 PRO AG MODEL 900 HAY HIKER SN# H900124117 **JOHN DEERE 2280 DIESEL SWATHER

FOR MORE INFORMATION: Jake Newton 406-390-5109 Justin Fuhrmann 406-724-7212 Iva Murch 406-263-7529

GSI AUCTION SERVICE

P.O. Box 1170 • Glasgow, MT 59230 • 406-228-9306 gsi@nemont.net • www.glasgowstockyards.com Ed Hinton 406-783-7285 • Jake Newton 406-390-5109 Iva Murch 406-263-7529

Part 4 of 6: How and why is methane in cattle produced

By Samodha Fernando – UNL Rumen Microbiologist, Rick Rasby, Nebraska Extension Specialist, Kortney Harpestad – UNL Animal Science Extension Program Associate Ruminants like beef and dairy cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and other animals have a rumen. The rumen is a large fermentation vat that has billions of microbes. These microbes survive without air, meaning the rumen is anaerobic. Microbes digest cellulose from forage, rich diets that provide energy and metabolites to the animal.

Rumen fermentation is a process that converts ingested feeds into energy and protein sources to sustain the life of the animal. More specifically, microbes in the rumen take feed/food and break them down for the microbes to use first and finally intermediates for the animal to use. When feeding ruminants, it is important to know that feeding microbes is important. This digestive process enables ruminant animals to eat plants that otherwise would not be digested. One of the byproducts produced during rumen fermentation is methane.

Methane is belched from the rumen out of the mouth into the atmosphere. Methane is one of the three major greenhouse gases.

The term enteric fermentation is the process in the rumen of cattle where anaerobic microbes (bacteria, fungi, protozoa and archaea) decompose, and ferment feeds present in cattle’s digestive tract producing energy dense intermediates for the host animal to absorb to meet their nutrient and energy requirements. Methanogens a group of archaea in the rumen also produce methane in the rumen as a byproduct of fermentation.

All sources of methane have one thing in common, microbial methanogenesis. In other words, all sources of methane have an environment that has microbes called methanogens that produce methane.

It would seem logical, if it is known that methanogens are the microbes that produce methane, why not eliminate the methanogens from the rumen environment of cattle? It is not that easy. Cattle have methanogens in the rumen early in life and are always a member of the rumen microbiome.

If the methanogens are eliminated, they seem to always reestablish themselves as a member of the rumen microbiome.

The figure illustrates several components. Methanogens in the rumen are involved in a process of producing energy for the “host” animal. The host animal would be a calf, cow, bull, other ruminants. The graph in Figure 1 illustrates how energy is produced for the host animal at the cellular level.

Energy at the cellular level is from the production of ATP and NADH. The graph illustrates how that process is accomplished with and without the presence of methanogens in the rumen. With the absence of methanogens, pyruvate is wasted to recycle NADH to NAD, thus providing less energy to the animal. Therefore, the unintended consequence of eliminating methanogens in the rumen is decreased energy for the host animal at the cellular level. The decrease of energy at the cellular level impacts animal well being.

Overall, methanogens in the rumen of cattle are important for the health and well-being of the animal. Even though it is known that the production of methane can be interrupted using feed additives, it is not fully understood the side effects of such approaches on animal performance and well-being in the long term. Again, methanogens are found in the rumen of cattle at a very young age and the rumen wants to maintain a population of methanogens to increase efficiency of energy production. Interestingly, some calves have less methanogens in the rumen as compared to others. While methanogens in the rumen contribute to methane emissions, they also play a vital role in the animal’s digestion and energy production.

Overall, this information highlights the challenges of reducing methane emissions without negatively affecting animal health and productivity.

Master Gardener: Marigold varieties

By Laurie Zitterkopf, Nebraska Extension Master Gardener Volunteer The Alumia Vanilla Cream Marigold is in the French Marigold series from David Lemon, and this year’s Nebraska 4-H Special Garden Project. Each year, 4‑H members have the opportunity to try growing a new and unusual vegetable or flower. The project allows experienced 4‑H gardeners to grow something fun and exciting while letting those new to gardening get their feet wet in the horticulture project area through a guided experience.

The marigold created by Lemon is a large-flowered, strong-stemmed, utterly lovely flowered marigold that will all reach the same height and bloom at the same time in a garden or a container. Vanilla Cream is a showpiece, sporting a never-before-seen pale primrose-yellow hue in the central cluster of petals, surrounded by lighter cream petals.

Spectacular.

The Vanilla Cream Marigold is very easy to grow in the sunny garden, vegetable patch, and containers. Vanilla Cream makes a terrific choice for a child’s first seed-starting experience, too. The marigold is a new look for the palest of yellows and the milkiest of creams. The form gives these blooms a two-tone look because the shorter petals in the center are clustered, creating a darker effect than the surrounding, wide-open petals. These flowers reach 2 to 2.5 inches wide and face straight up, giving maximum color.

It is also an absolutely indispensable companion to tomatoes, for its roots contain a chemical that kills root-knot nematodes, one of the most destructive soil-borne tomato plant pests. Sow seeds directly in the garden when the soil has warmed, or start seeds indoors. Don’t worry about setting the seeds in a certain way into the soil. They will make themselves at home and grow promptly, no matter how they are placed. The seeds germinate in 7 to 21 days. Transplant any time after they have 2 sets of true leaves. Be sure to grow in full direct sunshine for the best flowering.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A9

Deadline for advertising in the June 2026 issue is WEDNESDAY, May 27th.

GRIZZLYAUCTIONS.COM 2026 ANNUAL SPRING INTO AUCTION MULTI-CONSIGNMENT SALE

Bidding Opens May 10th, 2026 Preview in person on Tuesday, May 19th from 10am-5pm or by appointment.

AUCTION YARD LOCATED AT: 5663 Yellowstone Trail, Huntley, Montana, 59037

First Item Closes Tuesday, May 19th at 6pm (MST)

Accepting Additions that can withstand all weather, through Friday, May 15th, 2026 Call Shauna at 406-579-4262 to confirm your consignments.

Pay & Pickup is one day only, Wed., May 20th, 10 am to 5 pm

Or by appointment.

Please make other arrangements with the auctioneer if you need another day for pick up.

View Catalog and Place Your Bids at: GrizzlyAuctions.com Email: sales@grizzlyauctions.com

Don’t miss your chance to BID!

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A10

Say you saw it in the Trader’s Dispatch

Neal Hay Sales

Alfalfa, grass, grass alfalfa mix 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cutting dairy quality alfalfa. (RSV 200+) Delivery available.

Located at Augusta, Montana Phone or text (406) 590-8916

##### During the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s, soldiers carried chocolate pellets in a shell that kept them from melting. This gave Forrest Mars Jr, son of the founder of Mars Candy Company, the idea for M&Ms. ##### In 1949, the slogan “They melt in your mouth, not in your hand,” was introduced to huge success.

NW Regional Equipment Auction JUNE 2026 Dea d l i n e M ay 2 6 Co nta ct M u s s e r B ro s 4 0 6.6 52 . 2 2 6 6

Our Spring NW Regional generated 1854 registered bidders, 26 states, Canada & Mexico • $8.7 Million CALL

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PentaGro is a premium quality, foliar fertilizer encompassing a unique range of components required for plant growth and development - all within a single formulation. It is a complete water soluable fertilizer product designed to be use on all crops to improve plant vigor and to promote crop production.

Offered exclusively in tote packaging

from 5Gen Growing Solutions

PentaGro contains, in addition to the NPK base, the following:

• Sea Plant Extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum • Proteins in the form of Amino acids • Carbohydrates from Natural Plants sources • Multi-vitamin Complement • Miller’s Transcuticular Delivery System® “TDS” designed to ensure the maximum absorption and translocation of the product into the plant with minimal loss from the leaf surface.

Nutrient demand is greatest during development and reproductive stages (rooting, flowering, fruit set, crop development, and ripening). Even if your plants look healthy, hidden stress, both nutritional and abiotic, may be severly impacting crop yield and quality. PentaGro is used as a foliar application to supplement normal soil fertility during plant physiologiocal peak demand periods.

Profitability in Montana Agriculture podcast series launched

From the MSU News Service Montana State University Extension has launched a podcast series, Profitability in Montana Agriculture, that aims to provide information to help farmers and ranchers increase profits and reduce losses. The series includes four episodes highlighting the work of MSU Extension faculty whose applied research and outreach address critical issues in Montana’s agriculture and natural resources industries.

The podcast is co-hosted by Joel Schumacher, MSU Extension agriculture and natural resources program leader, and MSU Extension Director of Communications John Hawley.

“Farmers and ranchers make management decisions throughout the year on crop varieties, fertilizer application, marketing, equipment purchases, government programs and weed management, just to name a few,” said Schumacher.

“The goal of all of these decisions is to have a profitable operation over the long term.”

Each episode features different MSU Extension faculty members discussing topics related to their subject matter expertise, such as integrated weed management, soil science, agricultural economics and livestock production. The episodes are available on Spotify and Apple Podcasts and are listed below.

Invasive Pests, Cropping Systems and their Impacts on Producer’s Bottom Line Featuring: Jane Mangold, rangeland weed specialist, and Tim Seipel, cropland weed specialist Effects of Fertilizer Management on Agricultural Profitability Featuring: Clain Jones, soil fertility specialist The Economics of Conservation: An Exploration with an Agricultural Profitability Lens Featuring: Kelsey Larson, agricultural economics specialist Exploring Profitability in the Beef Industry Featuring: Sam Wyffels, beef cattle specialist Resources discussed on each episode, like AgEconMT and other Extension economic tools, provide timely market information and models that support decision making for fertilizer use, leasing, pricing, risk management and more.

MSU Extension agents frequently share these resources with farmers and ranchers in communities across Montana.

“The goal of this podcast is to highlight how the research and outreach provided by our 45 subject matter experts and 97 locally based Extension agents improve producers’ bottom line,” said Hawley. “MSU Extension provides educational resources in a variety of formats, but this is the first statewide podcast we have offered.”

More information about the podcast and the work of MSU Extension to address the topic of agricultural profitability can be found at www.montana.edu/extensionecon/ agprofitability/.

The Profitability in Montana Agriculture podcast series was recorded using the Podcast and Lecture Capture Suite, which is a resource available in the Teaching and Learning Technology Studio. The suite and other similar resources are made available by the MSU Academic Technology and Outreach team to all MSU faculty, staff and students.

This place for sale Many years ago, along this highway There was this sign, “This Place for Sale” I always wonder what the price was Cuz getting rid of it wasn’t going so well Maybe the price was so high No one was foolish enough to buy Maybe to get rid of the place The people didn’t even try “Express Technology” is unique in the market and it is exclusive from Miller Chemical and Fertilizer, LLC

Shawn Ostberg 406.590.8665

Brian Schlagel 406.781.3304

Kevin Johnson 406.470.0784

5 North Manchester Road • Great Falls, MT 59404 Office: 406.964.8836

I wonder if those going by Though interested didn’t have the time to waste To them, like me, a home like that Is only a dream in haste This will probably be another thought, later in life Looking back to places I’ve been I’ll take a minute to talk about that home Wondering what it sold for and when @ ROBERT RIDGWAY (Vaughn, Montana)

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A11

CON-MAT SUPPLY GOING OUT OF BUSINESS ONLINE AUCTION GLENDIVE, MONTANA

CON-MAT SUPPLY 822 N SARGENT GLENDIVE MT 59330 AUCTION CLOSES MAY 27, 2026 @ 7:00 PM

B ID YOU R PR I C E O N QU A LI T Y BU I LD I N G M A T E R I A LS , CO N CR E T E S UP P LIE S , T O OLS & M O R E !

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A12

Drought-resilient crop options for Nebraska corn-soybean growers

By Rituraj Khound, UNL post-doctoral research associate / Dipak K. Santra, Nebraska Extension Alternative Crops Breeding Specialist expected to rise if the international crisis is Nebraska is heading into the 2026 growprolonged. ing season with limited precipitation and “With spring planting approaching, these groundwater resources. Growers are also price increases present additional chalfacing rising input costs and declining commodity prices, forcing many to rethink how lenges for producers already managing much risk they can afford to carry with irtight margins,” said Rituraj Khound, UNL post-doctoral research associate. At the rigated corn and soybeans. same time, corn and soybean market prices “In years like this, even small shifts in have declined by 50 percent and 40 percent, cropping strategy can help protect both yield respectively, since 2022. and profitability,” said Dipak Santra, NeSantra and Khound suggest growers conbraska Extension Alternative Crops Breeding Specialist at the University of Nebraskasider alternative cereal millet (proso millet Lincoln Panhandle Research Extension and and/or grain sorghum), a crop recognized Education Center. “Alternative crops such as for its ability to efficiently utilize moisture proso millet and field pea offer lower water for producing a considerable yield. Its shaland nitrogen requirements, making them low, fibrous root system effectively takes up potential tools for reducing risk in waterearly-season water from the topsoil while limited systems.” conserving deeper soil water for subsequent Water limitations are not the only concern crops. for farmers this season. The risk of yield “Another crop, field pea, is a widely loss could be exacerbated by skyrocketing grown pulse crop that is gaining popularity in N-fertilizer prices resulting from the war in Nebraska and global health food markets as the Middle East. The U.S. fertilizer industry a source of plant proteins due to its nutrientdepends heavily on imports, and the nation’s dense seeds,” Santra said. “It is also suitable prices have reportedly jumped roughly 32 for animal feed as soybean.” percent in the past few weeks. Prices are Field peas provide several advantages.

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation, enhanced rotation efficiency with cereals, reduced fertilizer requirements, and adaptation to semi-arid conRoy, Montana Grocery & Residence ditions due to its early maturity and low seasonal water use. Field pea also helps interrupt common disease cycles when introduced into cereal rotations.

Nebraska is among the states with notable field pea production. In 2025, USDA NASS cited Nebraska farmers harvested approximately 566,667 bushels of field peas from 20,000 acres of farmland.

Dryland millet and peas are both low-input crops that require considerably less seasonal precipitation and Location: 124 Main St, Roy, MT minimal fertilizer and herbicide applications, thereby PREVIEW THE PROPERTIES PARCEL 1 - ROY GROCERY (BUILDING ON 3 LOTS) Thursday, May 14th • 1 – 4 p.m. reducing production costs.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Roy Grocery & Hardware was operated by the Esther & MickThursday, May 21st, • 1 – 4 p.m. ael Negaard family for the past 26 years.

In addition to lowering inBy appointment - Cassie Jumper @ 406-871-0911 Store structure built in 1914 Metal siding and roofing LED lights throughout put requirements, both crops Main floor: 4,000+/- sq ft Electrical/plumbing new in 2006 City water/sewer Remodeled in 1998; updates completed as recently as 2012. contribute to soil health.

(2) 10-foot insulated garage doors - freight entrance/vehicle storage Field pea supports soil fertil(2) propane heaters, updated in 2022; backup electric radiant heater ity through biological nitroLEGAL DESCRIPTION: Original Townsite of Roy, Montana S07, T18N, R22E, Block 3, Lots 10, 11 & 12, Fergus County, MT gen fixation and enhanced PERSONAL PROPERTY INCLUDED IN THE SALE: walk-in cooler, chest freezer, electric soil microbial activity, while kitchen range, (1) 50 gal. propane tank millet increases soil organic STARTING BID: $100,000 (STARTING BID MEETS THE RESERVE PRICE) matter deposition, improves PARCEL 2 - NEGAARD RESIDENCE (ON 4 LOTS) soil aggregation, and helps Built in 1910, originally was a bank. Remodeled to become an historic home. 100’ x 140’ lot reduce erosion. Together, 1552 sq fo main floor 3 bedroom, 2 baths Exterior is brick and metal Original hardwood floors, large windows, and an oak bank counter Location: 210 Main St, Roy, MT these crops offer a practiA wood cookstove provides heat, in addition to two other wood stoves and a propane cal way to improve system furnace. Attached garage provides a workspace and storage, as do the two additional outbuildings. resilience and maintain proLEGAL DESCRIPTION: Original Townsite of Roy, Montana S07, T18N, R22E, Block 6, Lots 1, 2, 3 & 4, Fergus County, MT PERSONAL PROPERTY INCLUDED IN THE SALE: washer, dryer, propane range, dishwasher, hot tub, (1) 50 gal & (1) 30 gal propane tank ductivity in water-limited STARTING BID: $100,000 (STARTING BID MEETS THE RESERVE PRICE) environments.

In the face of a challengCOMPLETE AUCTION TERMS, FINANCIAL TERMS & CONDITIONS ing growing season, NebrasARE AVAILABLE ONLINE AT WWW.SHOBEAUCTION.COM ka farmers could consider Online Bidding OPENS Wednesday, May 13th, 2026 diversifying their farms by planting a small portion (e.g., Bidding CLOSES Wednesday, May 27th, 2026 @ 1 p.m., mdt 10-25 percent of the total acreage) of corn with millet, depending on feasibility and resources available on their farms. A similar approach could be used to reduce risk 408 West Main Street, Lewistown, MT 59457 in soybean systems by alloCassie Jumper Jayson Shobe Kyle Shobe 406-871-0911 406-366-5125 406-366-0472 cating a portion of acres to cassiejumpermtre@gmail.com jaysonshobe@shobeauction.com kyle@shobeauction.com dryland field pea.

ONLINE REAL ESATE AUCTION

REGIStER tO BId @ WWW.SHOBEAUCtION.COm

Shobe Auction Inc./Northwest Ranch Realty

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A13

South Dakota Rangeland and Soil Days

Courtesy of USDA NRCS South Dakota South Dakota State University Extension Soil Days is for youth 14–18 years old. invites youth interested in learning more Students learn about soil texture and types, about grasslands and soil health to the 2026 factors that limit soil health, land manageRangeland and Soil Days in Belle Fourche. ment recommendations and understanding The annual Rangeland Days contest prosuitability for building infrastructure. motes education on South Dakota’s most The Soil Days judging contest includes threatened natural resource – grasslands. evaluation of four sites for land and homeSimilarly, the purpose of Soil Days is to prosite use. The overall top scorer in soils mote education of South Dakota’s most imreceives the Soils Top Hand award. The portant resource – soil. Combined, the event top-scoring Soil team in the 4-H division provides youth with hands-on experience will represent South Dakota in the National in understanding rangeland resources and Land and Range Judging Contest the fola sense of stewardship in natural resource lowing year in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. management. Both FFA and 4-H youth can This year’s Rangeland and Soil Days compete in Rangeland and Soil Days. event is hosted by the Butte and Lawrence This year’s event is June 9-10, 2026, County Conservation Districts, Natural at the Belle Fourche Community Hall.

Resources Conservation Service, South Registration, check-in and student display Dakota Society for Range Management and setup begin on the morning of June 9. Next, SDSU Extension. students will spend time in the field learning For more information about Rangeland about rangelands and soils and practicing Days, contact Kaylee Wheeler, SDSU Extheir contest skills. Student displays and tension Range Field Specialist; or Emily speeches will be presented in the evening.

Rohrer, NRCS State Rangeland ManageThe rangeland and soil judging contests ment Specialist. For information about Soil begin the morning of June 10, with results Days, contact Lance Howe, NRCS Soil and awards presented after lunch.

Scientist, at 605-468-3088.

Registration is $50 per person, which includes lunch and supper on June 9 and lunch on June 10.

To register, visit the SDSU Extension Events page and search “rangeland”. To pay by check, send registration fee to: Butte Conservation District, Attn: Yvette, 1837 Fifth Ave., Belle Fourche, S.D., 57717. Registration is due by May 22.

Rangeland Days students learn plant identification, ecological sites and how to determine suitability for cattle and wildlife. Age categories are: New Rangers (ages 8-10), Wranglers (ages 11-13), Scouts (ages 14-18, typically first-time attendees), and Go-Getters (ages 14-18, previous attendees).

Students who attend Rangeland Days can compete in three different categories: display, talk and judging. Youth who participate in all three contest categories are eligible for the Rangeland Top Hand awards, which are given to the highest overall score in each division.

The top-scoring Scout or Go-Getter in the talk contest will represent South Dakota as a delegate for the high school youth forum at the National Society for Range Management Meeting. Additionally, the top Go Getter Range team in the 4-H divisions will represent South Dakota in the National Land and Range Judging Contest the following year in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

“Participating in the student talks and displays is an excellent opportunity for youth to present their 4-H projects and get feedback on them prior to county fairs later in the summer,” said Kaylee Wheeler, SDSU Billings, MT 406.652.2266 Extension Range Field Specialist.

HAY & GRASS SEED FOR SALE Alfalfa hay in 3x4 square bales.

Manska intermediate wheat grass seed.

Phone (605) 891-0355, Winner, SD Also see chucknoblefarm.com

ROTARY DISC FOR SALE

LARRY STALEY FARM RETIREMENT AUCTION

2015 Case IH DC163 16-ft. rotary disc, rubber conditioning rollers, 2-point Phone (406) 450-3647

BIDDING CLOSING MAY 27 • 1PM

BILLINGS, MT • 72ND ST W & HESPER ROAD

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A14

TRACTOR, CRAWLER LOADER FOR SALE 1930 McCormick Deering 15-30 tractor, no side panels, runs, on cut-offs, NOT RESTORED. John Deere JD350-C crawler loader.

Phone (406) 491-3033 or (406) 494-5676

AUCTION Sunday, May 17th, 2026 at 10 am at RLP Sale Barn, Hamilton, MT

31/2 miles north of Hamilton on Hwy 93 Preview: Saturday, May 16th (12:00 - 5:00 pm) These items are being auctioned through I Collector.

You may bid in-house or online. Go to rplauctions.net to register for online bidding.

COWBOY COLLECTIBLES NATIVE AMERICAN AMERICANA GUNS MOUNTS GOLD SILVER

RLP Auctions

(406) 369-2640 www.rlpauctions.net

Considerations for breeding season in confinement for beef cattle

By Karla Wilke, Nebraska Extension Cow/Calf Systems and Stocker Management Specialist ginning to eat forages, so extra feed needs to Whether confinement feeding of beef be provided to ensure the calf is not eating cows is part of a cropping and livestock feed that was assumed to be for the cow, integrated system, or if cows have been thereby causing her to lose body condition. displaced due to drought or fire, there are Due to the size of mature bulls, the growth several key concepts to keep in mind when requirement of young bulls, and the activity breeding season occurs in confinement. level during the breeding season, bulls also Housing Considerations for Breeding need a high-quality diet. Maintaining bulls in Confinement in a body condition score of 5 or 6 on a 1-9 Bunk or feeding space needs to be about scale helps keep them healthy and produc2 feet for cows and bulls and about 1 foot tive. Producers needing assistance with rafor calves. This is especially true if a nutrition balancing for confined cow-calf pairs ent dense, limit-fed ration is being used. during the breeding season can contact the Feedlot pens are not the only place cow-calf Nebraska Extension beef team. pairs can be confined. Producers may also Artificial Insemination or Synchronibe able to use fallow ground, pivot corners, zation with Bull Breeding or calving pastures. However, a minimum One positive aspect of maintaining cows of 500 ft2 per pair is recommended. When in confinement is that they may be in close possible, it is also recommended that calves proximity to working facilities providing have their own loafing space inaccessible to an opportunity to employ artificial insemithe cows. This reduces exposure to pathogen nation (A.I.) or allow producers to tighten loads, may provide shade or wind protecthe calving window by synchronizing cows tion, and during breeding season can shield while still using natural service. Protocols calves from getting stepped on. for both A.I. and synchronized natural serFeeding for Breeding vice should be followed carefully: ProtoLactation is a huge energy drain on the cols | Beef Reproduction Task Force. cow. Feeding a diet similar to what the cow Bull Housing and Management received during gestation will not meet her Older bulls tend to dominate the breedneeds, causing her to draw from her energy ing season, and this can be especially true reserves to feed her calf, and thereby dein confinement. If possible to divide cows crease her chances of rebreeding. A lactation into groups, consider pairing younger bulls diet similar in intake and quality to green grass is needed. Additionally, the calf is beCONTINUED ON PAGE A16

PUBLIC AUCTION Saturday–May 30th, 2026 @ 9:00 AM LOCATED AT: 901 North Somers Road, Somers Montana, 59932

FARM EQUIPMENT TRAILERS TOOLS AND RANCH SUPPLIES

TRACTORS/FARM EQUIPMENT/IRRIGATION: John Deere 5410 w/540 JD Loader, 4x4; Ford 7710 w/Loader, 4x4, 5315 hrs; David Brown 885 Diesel, 4500 hrs; Scat Trak 1700C Skid Steer Loader, 3330 hrs; Vermeer 604R round baler, (like new); New Holland 1495 Haybine; Field Master 3pt post hole auger; King Kutter 5’ 3pt brush mower; Cosmo 500, 3pt broadcast spreader; Kubota 4’ 3pt rototiller; H&S 8’ hay tedder; Shaver 3pt hydraulic post pounder; Road Boss 5’ 3pt road grader; quick-attach forks; fire suppression unit for pickup or Polaris Ranger w/60 gallon tank; Hesston 640 swather; John Deere dual wing wheel rake; Westfield 10” x 60’ PTO swing auger; Westfield 8” x 41’ PTO auger; Sakundiak 6” x 30’ gas powered auger; vintage dump rake; John Deere model L ground drive manure spreader; (2) Vermeer 604J round balers for parts; approximately 900’ of 3” aluminum irrigation pipe w/risers; irrigation pipe trailer; (3) western style 5’ wheel lines; etc! VEHICLES/TRAILERS: 1930 Ford model A pickup; 1999 Ford F350, 7.3 liter Power Stroke diesel; DRW, 4x4; 1992 Diamond 24’ gooseneck flatbed trailer; 2011 PJ 14’ dual axle gooseneck dump trailer; 2001 Wells Cargo 7’x14’ dual axle enclosed trailer; vintage 20’ gooseneck steel stock trailer; Snow Dog VXF95 V type pickup mount snowplow; 1986 Yamaha TW200 big wheel motorcycle; etc! TOOLS: Peter Wright anvil; Milwaukee 1580-20 Super Hawg ½” angel drill; Milwaukee deep cut portable bandsaw; Milwaukee reciprocal saw; Milwaukee hammer drill; DeWalt DG2900 portable generator; DeWalt DW744 table saw; pallet jack; DeWalt cordless grease gun; Oxy/Acetylene outfit; Hobart Handler 125 wire feed welder; Rolair portable air compressor w/Honda engine; Porter Cable RT3620-2 laser level; Delta wood lathe; Freud lathe tools; retractable air hose reel; machinist vise; pipe vises; Hi-Lift jack; ¾” drive socket set; ¾” drive impact sockets; wrenches; c-clamps; (2) diamond plate job or truck bed toolboxes; tall jobsite toolbox; cross bed toolboxes; drywall lift; vintage W S Barnes treadle lathe; chain binders; and More! TACK/ RANCH SUPPLIES/ETC: vintage wooden butter churn; 14” Earl Twist ranch saddle; 15” and 16” western saddles; (3) portable run-in shelters; For-Most squeeze chutes; few stock gates; stock tanks; fuel transfer tanks; water storage tanks; bale spears; hydraulic cylinders; steel implement wheels; metal storage cabinets; steel fence posts; John Deere JS45 swivel wheel push mower; Swisher walk behind string trimmer; useable iron; bolts and hardware; new oils and lubricants; box lots and Much More!

AUCTIONEER’S NOTES Downsizing Auction for Ed and Mary Ek. Lots of good useable Farm and Ranch items. Online bidding available for select items on our Equipment Facts platform. Visit www.bobbyroshon.com for details, photos, and a direct link to the Online Bidding Platform. Preview Friday May 29th from 10 AM to 5 PM, or by appointment. Live auction starts at 9 AM sharp with Online items beginning at 10 AM.

ROSHON’S AUCTION SERVICE

AUCTIONEER: Bobby Roshon 406-249-4104

Terms: ID Required for Bidder’s Number, Cash or Good Montana Check, Debit-Credit Food Stand

Master Gardener: Planting with a plan

By Debbie Post, Nebraska Extension Master Gardener Volunteer Now’s the time to start thinking of your spring and summer flower beds. Most importantly, make sure you know which plant locations have the most sun or shade. Then, when choosing plants, check your nursery labels. They will tell you how much sunlight the plant needs each day. A lovely hosta on the south side of a brick wall without any form of shade will have a hard time surviving. Look for partial-shade labels, which will give you the most flexibility when planting.

Along with labels, know your USDA hardiness zone. The zone is a system that classifies your geographical area by its seasonal temperatures and estimated first and last frosts, allowing you to choose your plants more appropriately.

Higher average temperatures equate to higher planting zone numbers. Example areas include Alaska, zone 1, and tropical regions, zone 13. Here in the Panhandle, we’re usually around zone 5.

Before putting your plants in the ground this spring.

Sampling your soil is a good idea. You can contact your local extension office, which will provide instructions for collecting 10-12 inches of soil from various spots in your garden. For a nominal fee, the lab will analyze and provide recommendations to help retain moisture, improve drainage, or adjust your pH balance. You can even speak with an agronomist to help interpret the results for improved harvests of garden produce.

Again, labels will provide you with information on whether your plant is an annual, which completes its life cycle in one season, producing continuous blooms before dying, or a perennial, which blooms, then goes dormant and returns each spring from the same root system. Annuals are best for instant, all-season color and best for filling containers, while perennials offer long-term structure and lower maintenance and cost over time. A combination of the two in your flower beds provides the best of both worlds.

When planning your beds, consider that multiple studies show that people who garden experience significant health benefits compared to their couch counterparts. They have lower blood pressure, lower pulse rates, decreased muscle tension, and improved mental health. People breathe more deeply when they are outside, which helps clear the lungs, improving digestion and immune responses. Not to mention, the improved diet when eating fresh produce harvested from your own garden. Go green, get healthy, plant a garden.

Projects receive support from Montana Fertilizer Advisory Committee

“Determination of sulfur fertilizer rates Research in the Montana State University for a range of Montana crops,” led by Clain College of Agriculture received continued Jones. support from the Montana Fertilizer Ad“Impacts of sulfur fertilizer on flea beetle visory Committee last month, advancing damage in mustard and canola,” led by Jesknowledge around soil acidity, water use sica Kansman. efficiency, new crops and more.

“Enhancing Effective Nitrogen Use via The committee annually awards funds Microbes for Montana Malt Barley,” led by that are collected through an assessment Jennifer Lachowiec. on commercial fertilizers. Those funds sup“Optimizing Boron Management for Susport research and education focused on soil tainable Wheat Production and Soil Health health and fertilizer use, among other areas. in Montana II,” led by Jennifer Lachowiec.

The committee is made up of agricultural “Winter canola seeding date and N/S producers and representatives from the Colfertilizer application timing in Montana,” lege of Agriculture and MSU Extension. led by Perry Miller.

“We are excited to see the committee’s “N-Fertilizer Optimization for Winter hard work in determining funding for these Wheat Forage Production,” led by Suchisimportant agricultural producer and industry mita Mondal. related grants,” said Darrin Boss, associate “Quantifying Nitrogen Leaching in Irdirector of the Montana Agricultural Experirigated Fields,” led by Adam Sigler. ment Station and associate dean for research “Evaluating the Longevity of Lime Apin the College of Agriculture. “This funding plications: Impacts of Tillage Strategies, stream, from grassroots support, directly Lime Sources, and Soil pH Dynamics on impacts the producers and fertilizer indusCrop Yields,” led by Joao Souza. try. The committee is made up of producers More information about the Montana (users of fertilizer) and industry representaFertilizer Advisory Committee can be found tives, so it represents the current and future at ag.montana.edu/mfac. needs of both entities. The current grant awards will be for this year’s planting season and should show impact on the industry within the next few years. The Montana fertilizer assessment monies fund research that is designated through ExtenMay 30, 2026 starting at 9:00 am sion and outreach papers Dan & Lena Weaver residence and activities throughout the 5479 Crystal Lake Rd, Moore MT state of Montana.”

The 2026 MFAC funding This will be an onsite public auction totals $483,630, up from Call Dan at 406-374-2728 or 406-707-0762 (no text) roughly $441,000 in 2025. with questions or to setup for phone bidding It will support more than Trucking can be arranged to anywhere, call to get a quote.

50 faculty and graduate Not responsible for accidents. Statements made day of Auction students from the Departtake precedence over printed material. ment of Land Resources and Terms: Cash or Check Environmental Sciences, Sale held in a 40x80 heated shop with seating.

Department of Plant SciCome out and enjoy a day of good food and visiting ences and Plant Pathology and the Department of ReWoodshop equip. was bought new and used very little. All in like new condition search Centers. A full list of the funded projects is below.

“Foliar application of Mg, Zn, and Si for optimum 1995 Starcraft Leisure Star SCMI Sandya 3 – 37" wide JET Oscillating yield and quality of soy and 24' gooseneck camper w/ doublehead wide belt Horizontal/Vertical Edge dry beans in eastern Mon7' slideout sander, 3 phase Sander, 1.5 HP 115v 1ph tana,” led by Chengci Chen.

“Potential of Silicon Fertilization in Enhancing Growth, Yield, Quality, Grizzly G0544 – 20" John Deere Model 5030 and Decreasing Lodging, Travalong 18' gooseneck spiralhead variable speed generator, approx 500 hrs stock trailer planer, 5 HP, 220V, 1 Ph Pests and Diseases of Spring Wheat and Winter Barley in Montana,” led by Marilyn Dalen.

“Management of root rot disease on field pea and 25' gooseneck flatbed Saw Stop – 10" industrial Quincy Model QT-10 w/vertical trailer (D1 Deluxe) table saw, 5 HP, 230V, 3 Ph tank – 230 V, 3 Ph. wheat using biofertilizer,” led by Raissa Debacker Moura.

“Research Analytical Chemist, Environmental Sand Pro DL 36x72 Grizzly G0490X – 8 x 76 spiral Kubota L2950 Glide Shift – 3460 Analytical Laboratory,” led Draftdown Table cutterhead jointer, 3 HP, 220V, 1 Ph hrs, 98% tires, bucket & forks

by Stephanie Ewing.

“Wheat Tillering Capacity and Yield in Response to Variable Planting Density and Fertilizer,” led by Mike Grizzly G1495 – heavy duty wood Grizzly Bandsaw G0514X2B – 19” 1998 J.D. Model 6200 Tractor Giroux. lathe w/ end plate attachment, Extreme Series 3 H.P. with motor 3060 hrs. 4 W.D hea & air 3/4 HP, 110V brake 220 V, 1 Ph. “Understanding the fertil• Rem. Model 700 Classic 300 ity needs of winter barley WBY w/muzzle brake Zeiss in Montana,” led by Joseph Diavari-Z 3-12x56 scope (Good Jensen. shooter) “Optimizing Nitrogen • Browning X-Bolt 7mm-08 Inputs to Reduce Scope 3 Syn., stainless barrel w/Zeiss Emissions in Barley ProConquest 3-9x50 scope • Browning A-Bolt 22-250 w/Zeiss Conquest 3-9x50 scope • Browning duction in Montana, Idaho T-Bolt 22 L.R. w/Cabela’s 3-9x40 scope • Remington Model 870 Super Mag Camo 12 Gauge Shotgun •Hoyt Defiant Compound Bow w/rest, sights, quiver/arrows and North Dakota,” led by Joseph Jensen.

Auction

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A15

BRAND FOR SALE Cattle Left Shoulder Horses Left Thigh 4” and 3” electric irons included Phone (406) 450-0379

$3000

The right tools for the job.

406-222-1155 • WWW.MONTANAFARRIERSUPPLY.COM P.O.Box 1792, 110 North N. St., Livingston, MT 59047 Hours: Monday-Friday 8:30-5:00

Items not Pictured

* Note this is only a partial listing* Sporting Goods: Montana Canvas 12x14 Wall Tent w/6’ porch, floor & stove (Used 5 times, nice, no leaks) • 12x10 Tent • Large Bushnell & Leupold binocs • Swarovski 8x56 binocs • Zeiss Conquest 8x30 binocs • Hawkeye Precision Borescope in case (like new) • Lots of backpacks • Sleeping bags & pads • Packing panniers • Camp chairs • Hunting clothes • 13’ FISHING KAYAK (used once) Furniture: Full bedroom set of pine rustic furniture • beds • End tables• dressers• floor type coat racks• clock• Rustic Pine 40x72 table with 6 matching chairs • Rustic Pine 36x72 Kneehole Desk • 40x18 Cedar Chest • Coffee Table• Baby Changing Table• buffet • Chairs • Rocking Chair, Office Chairs Misc: Suit cases • ice chests • bikes • 32” wishing well • 36x42 easel on stand • 20V DeWalt weed eater (new in box) • 2 wooden bushel crates • 3–5’ pcs new) • 6” insulated stainless stove pipe • 6 pcs 1¼ x 2½ x 2½ x 6’ steel tubing • 1 pc ½ x 3 x 14’ channel • 1 pc 3’ x 8’ steel grating • Other misc steel • 20 lb propane tanks • 450 gal plastic tank • Fence Pro Latex black fence & barn paint • NordicTrack treadmill • Meadow Creek 24x42 BBQ grill on wheels (like new) Shop Supplies: Bessey clamps: 1–50", 4–40", 4–32", 18–24", 14–12" • 2 clamp storage stands w/casters • Set of 8" dado blades, misc saw blades • Festool electric jig saw • Lots of misc tools • Work lights • Fuel tank (44" round x 72" long) 4 wooden bowls by Emery (Dool) Weaver• 3 wooden bowls by Marty Weaver (painted)

Quilts: Queen (Sailors Compass) Full (Wildlife) Full (same pattern) Full (Farm Animals) Queen (State Birds)

Auctioneers: Dan Yoder, Matt Miller, Joni Troyer

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A16

Our Goal is to Serve You Better!

T-posts and barbed wire - In Stock

Scott Schmiedeke (406) 240-2572 Victor, MT

Henry Kallis (605) 639-1904 Spearfish, SD

See us on the web: www.tte-inc.com

2011 Cat 930H wheel loader, enclosed cab with heat and AC, 8097+- hours, cloth seat, differential lock, FnR switch on joystick, auxiliary hydraulics, hydraulic coupler, new tires, 3 CY bucket with BOE, has been through the shop, just serviced, Pre-emissions, very nice condition, we are a GrabTec dealer and can install a grapple for additional price. Located in Spearfish, SD...................................$97,900 2011 Deere 450J LT 4005 hours, enclosed cab with heat and A/C, hydrostatic drive, 6-way blade, rippers, 17,000-pound operating weight, 70hp, pre-emission machine, undercarriage in good condition, nice little trimming dozer, jobsite ready. Located in Spearfish, SD..............................$79,900 2019 Cat D3K XL 6-way blade 104” wide, enclosed cab with heat and A/C, 3-shank ripper, 80 hp, hydrostatic drive, 18,500 lb. operating weight, cloth air ride seat. Overall very good condition and job site ready. Located in Spearfish, SD...... .........................................$104,900 2022 Cat 272D3 452 hours, enclosed cab with heat and A/C, 98 horsepower, 9500 pound operating weight, 3690 pound operating capacity, 6900 pound tipping load capacity, 23 gpm auxiliary hydraulic flow, auxiliary electrics, 86” bucket with BOE, hydraulic quick coupler, extra counterweights, 2-speed travel, Caterpillar XD tires, creep speed, ride control, heated air ride cloth seat. This machine is in like new condition with a fresh service and job site ready. Located in Victor, MT...................$67,500........... $63,900 2014 SkyTrak 6042 3225 hours, enclosed cab with heat, auxiliary hydraulics, manual coupler, 48” forks, 74” carriage, nice foam filled tires, 3-way steering, hydraulic frame tilt, 6000 lb lift, 42-ft. reach, has been through the shop all repairs have been made, just serviced, telehandler is in excellent condition. Located in Spearfish, SD.................................................................$44,500 2019 Kubota SVL75-2, 1640 hours, enclosed cab heat and AC, hydraulic coupler, 78” bucket with bolt on edge, 75 hp, 6570 pound tip load. Very nice condition. Located in Spearfish, SD.............................. ........................$59,000.....$49,500

Farm and road safety experts urge truck and trailer operators to secure their load Farm equipment roadway crashes most often occur with tractors, planters, combines and other large machinery. Farm trucks and trailers, given their size, weight and speed, are also at risk. Safety experts advise ensuring trucks and trailers are in good operating condition, clearly marked with required lighting and loaded securely.

“In the rush of a spring planting season and the summer growing season, the focus is on field equipment,” said Angie Johnson, North Dakota State University Extension farm and ranch safety specialist. “Unfortunately, trucks and trailers can become something of an afterthought.”

Loads such as seed, fertilizer, equipment and haybales are subject to vibration, swaying, centrifugal force, inertia, wind and other forces during transit. Johnson says improper load securement is common.

“If those loads aren’t properly secured, they may topple onto the roadway, slide forward into the cab or fall backward off the truck or trailer,” says Johnson.

“Farmers do get relief from some regulations, but the regulations that cover load securement aren’t among them,” says North Dakota Highway Patrol Trooper Joshua Anderson, truck safety expert. Those regulations are set by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.

Bulk materials such as manure, seed and fertilizer that are not confined in containers should be contained in a vehicle and covered to prevent them from falling onto the roadway, says Anderson. For other cargo, such as seed bags and hay bales, load securement regulations are based on weight and length.

Anderson provides the following guidance: Half the article’s weight must be accounted for in the working load limit (WLL) of the securement devices. For example, when hauling 3,000 pounds of hay bales, the WLL of the devices used (such as straps or chains) must be equal to half that weight, or 1,500 pounds. If the WLL is not marked on the device, federal regulations provide WLLs for multiple types of tie-downs.

The WLL calculation also depends on the number of sides of the vehicle/trailer to which the securement device is attached. If it is attached to both sides, credit is given for the device’s entire WLL. If the device attaches to only one side of the trailer (such as a chain on a piece of equipment looped through a ring and back to the same side), credit is given only for half of the WLL. Multiple cargo items loaded side by side (such as three round bales) can be secured with the same tie-down, but the weight of all three must be accounted for in the load limit calculation.

If the article is shorter than 5 feet or less than 1,100 pounds, a single tie-down is sufficient. Two tie-downs are required for

items (a) 5 feet long or less and more than 1,100 pounds, and (b) 5 feet to 10 feet long.

For every additional 10 feet (or fraction thereof), add another tie down. For example, a 24-foot load requires four tie-downs: two for the first 10 feet, one for the next 10 feet and one for the last 4 feet. A trailer loaded with hay bales would likely require two straps on the front stack and one on each subsequent stack — Anderson says any trailers on the highway with just the front and rear stacks strapped aren’t legal.

With structures like a headache rack or gooseneck hitch to prevent forward movement, only one tie-down is required for every 10 feet. However, ensure the cargo does not extend above the protective structure. This problem often occurs on gooseneck trailers when bales or other cargo are stacked above the gooseneck.

Purdue University Extension provides in-depth instructions for securing all kinds of loads, as well as specific guidance on securing hay bales for transport.

“It’s easy to think that a load is secured ‘good enough’ for a short haul or convenience,” Johnson says. “But if you need to make a quick maneuver to avoid a road hazard or if you need to make a sudden stop, that’s when having that load properly secured is essential.”

Johnson says it is also important that securement straps and chains are in good condition. Straps that are frayed, punctured, partially cut or extremely weathered will have a dramatically reduced load limit and will be flagged as a violation by law enforcement.

Del Peterson, a safety expert with the NDSU Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, notes that farmers and ranchers should be aware of load restrictions along their routes.

“Those seasonal weight restrictions protect roads from damage when they are most susceptible in the spring,” says Peterson.

“On rural gravel roads, ignoring weight restrictions could result in trucks and trailers becoming stuck, with possible damage to the roadway or the equipment.”

Peterson also notes that many rural bridges are posted for low load capacities.

“Some of those bridges are approaching 100 years old and were never designed for the loads that we now regularly see,” says Peterson. “Add to that the wear and tear they’ve seen over the years, and you can see why the weight limits are low. Find an alternate route.”

Additional state load restriction information can be found on the North Dakota Department of Transportation website: https://www.dot.nd.gov/driver/commercial/ north-dakota-load-restrictions.

Considerations for breeding season CONTINUED FROM PAGE A14

together, giving them the appropriate ratio of cows for their age (Breeding Bull Management | G2332 | 2021 | Nebraska Extension Publications). When dividing bulls into groups for confinement breeding, strong fences between groups are critical. Giving bulls two or three weeks to acclimate to breeding groups before turning in with cows when possible, also helps reduce fighting. Drought and fires can take a toll on cattle. While it is always recommended to have a breeding soundness exam on bulls before turnout, it is especially important when bulls have experienced stressful situations

that may impact structural soundness and fertility.

Key Point Summary Confinement does not have to occur in feedlot pens.

Nutritional requirements for lactating cows, growing calves, and working bulls must be met with the diet provided in confinement.

Confinement can provide an opportunity to employ artificial insemination or synchronization if working facilities are close by.

Breeding soundness exams for bulls prior to the breeding season is critical.

Master Gardener: Managing pests in the garden and landscape

By Carolyn Applegate | Nebraska Extension Master Gardener Volunteer Good guy or bad guy? Believe it or not, many insects in the landscape are beneficial to our gardens. When spotting insects in your landscape, it is important to first identify if they are beneficial or harmful. Plus, the beneficial insects can eat the bad guys, helping plants to flourish.

When trying to eliminate unwanted pests in your garden, integrated pest management can be a strategy. It uses a combination of methods to manage pests while avoiding unacceptable damage and protecting human, pet, and environmental health. A proven, effective, and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management leverages all appropriate options, including cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical controls. A tip to help control pests in your garden is to rotate your crops every 4 years, according to crop family.

Otherwise, the pest populations have opportunities to build up in your garden bed.

When selecting plants for your landscape, it is important to check the tags to ensure you are purchasing plants that are both disease- and insect-resistant. Also, check the plants themselves to make sure you don’t bring any unwanted pests home. By checking the tags and the plants, you will give your garden a better chance of being pest-free.

While you are getting your garden ready, be careful in prepping the ground. Many gardeners strive to grow the perfect tomato. A problem that can occur is blossom end rot.

The disease is a symptom of calcium deficiency. Another cause can be over fertilization. Preventing moisture stress is important to managing the problem. Plants require at least 1 inch of water per week, especially in hot, windy weather.

Plan accordingly. ##### Most bullets travel faster than the speed of sound...you’d be hit before you heard the shot.

##### The Pacific giant octopus grows from the size of a pea to 150 lbs. in 2 years...and then it dies.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A17

FELLER-BUNCHER FOR SALE Caterpillar 227 feller-buncher logging machine with rotary saw.............................................. $25,000 Phone (970) 566-6527

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A18

ALL I WANT IS MELTON ALFALFA! MSU Bozeman’s latest Certified Alfalfa Seed Release Also available: Shaw, Wrangler, Ladak

Ernie Johnson 406-357-4182 or cell: 262-3081

##### In the Solomon Islands of the South Pacific, a body was traditionally placed on a reef where it would be eaten by sharks.

TRACTOR FOR SALE

John Deere 6420 with 640 loader, 8-ft. Allied blade, 24-speed PowerShift, reverser, 90% rubber, 7200 hours.....................................$50,000 Phone (406) 788-4298

FARM

EQUIPMENT AUCTION TRACTORS • GRAIN EQT TILLAGE • TRUCKS • TRAILERS

TRACY NELSON RETIREMENT LATE SPRING 2026 JOPLIN, MONTANA

mbauction.com mbauction.com

Water diversions have started at St. Mary Diversion Dam The Bureau of Reclamation announced that construction at the Halls Coulee Siphon has finished ahead of schedule, marking another major milestone in the ongoing effort to restore and modernize critical St. Mary Project infrastructure.

Water diversions at the St. Mary Diversion Dam began Tuesday, April 7.

The St. Mary system is a vital component of Reclamation’s Milk River Project in north-central Montana. Water delivered through the St. Mary facilities supports approximately 110,000 acres of irrigated agriculture, approximately 150 individual pumpers, several communities, and the Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge. In an average year, the St. Mary system provides more than 60 percent of the Milk River Project water supply, and in dry years that share can exceed 80 percent.

“This milestone shows what can be accomplished when partners come together around a shared purpose,” said Ryan Newman, Bureau of Reclamation Montana Area Office manager. “With the Halls Coulee Siphon complete and diversions resuming at St. Mary, we are restoring a system that is essential to farms, communities, and water users across north-central Montana. It took strong coordination, persistence, and commitment from many partners to reach this point.”

The announcement follows extensive work to address aging infrastructure within the St. Mary Unit. The St. Mary Diversion Dam and Canal were originally completed in 1915 as part of the Milk River Project. On June 17, 2024, both barrels of the St. Mary River siphon experienced structural failure, forcing an immediate stop to diversions from the St. Mary River into the Milk River system. Reclamation then made emergency determinations that allowed design, environmental review, and construction activities to move forward on an accelerated schedule for both the St. Mary siphon and Halls Coulee Siphon.

Reclamation completed replacement of the St. Mary siphon in June 2025, restoring a major section of the system and allowing crews to advance work on Halls Coulee. The completion of Halls Coulee now represents another important step in improving reliability across the St. Mary Canal system and supporting continued delivery of water to project beneficiaries.

The broader St. Mary Diversion Dam Replacement Project also continues near Babb, Montana. That work includes replacement of aging diversion and headworks features with a modernized system designed to improve operations, enhance reliability, and provide fish passage and fish protection measures for bull trout in compliance with the Endangered Species Act. Reclamation has stated that the larger diversion dam replacement work began on site in 2024 and is anticipated to continue through 2028.

Reclamation will continue coordinating closely with project partners and stakeholders as work progresses across the St. Mary system.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A19

YOWN INC. FARM AUCTION SATURDAY, MAY 30, 2026

1211 Hjartarson Rd. Ethridge, MT | 3 Miles South of Ethridge, MT

Register for Numbers at 9 AM | Live Auction begins at 10 AM | Online Bidding starts at 11 AM TRACTORS

PICKUPS & TRUCKS

COMBINES & GRAIN HANDLING bidirectional truck, 366, 5 & 2 speed, 66,828 combine 3208 Cat, Hydro 3,142 • 48” pallet forks, 5 Ft wide for miles, 18 Ft box & hoist, roll Hr. for parts 24 Ft header tarp, steel floor bidirectional • New Holland TR 85, 3208 Cat • 1980 GMC tandem axle • Ford 501B Tractor 30 Hp, 4 engine, for parts drive doesn’t truck, 427 engine, 5 & 2 cylinder diesel engine, 5 speed work, 24 Ft header speed Trans, walking beam manual, 3 Pt PTO,1 hydraulic • 2 - White 9700 combines, remote, 12.4-28 rear tires, 1988 Versatile 276 Perkins diesel, both for parts 30 2005 Ford F-450 Lariat suspension, 10.00 - 20 tires, 22 1991 Ford Versatile 976 unknown Hr. Super Duty 4 door 4X4 Ft steel box and hoist, roll tarp, Bidirectional Tractor, AC/ 1997 Case IH 2188 combine, Ft header series II 4 wheel drive • John Deere L 100 lawn Heat, 3.9L Cummins, 3 6 cylinder diesel engine, • Sakundiak HD10-2200 Auger – dually pickup, V-10 Gas, remote tailgate & hoist, miles tractor, 360 Hp Cummins, tractor, 5 speed, 44 inch deck speed, hydro drive, front and Hydro,30.5-32 tires, straw 70 Ft, swing out auger, hydraulic Auto Trans, AC, cruise, radio, unknown 12 speed Trans, 4 Hyd, 20.8- • John Deere 316 lawn tractor, rear PTO, front hydraulic spreader Serial # JJC0194165 cable lift, 540 PTO drive, dual power windows & locks • 1949 Chevy 6400 winch new batteries, 6,290 engine 42 duals are badly checked, 48 inch deck remotes, 2 new remotes, Hr. 4,727 separator Hr. sells auger hopper, manual lift hopper, 114,269 miles, 11.5 Ft Hydra truck, 6 Cy gas engine, 4 & 2 speed Trans, 45,155 miles, 11,005 Hr. Bed & 5th wheel ball • 8 Ft rock bucket for front 3 Pt, 2360 loader, quick with Case 1015 pickup header Serial #541627 bidirectional attach, 8 Ft bucket and 12 Ft, Case 30 Ft,1020 header, • Sakundiak HD 7 X 32 load out • 1969 Chevy C-20 4 X 2 single axle, 8.25x20 tires, 11 • 48” pallet forks, 5 Ft wide for grapple, 16.9-28 tires, Serial pickup reel & air reel, serial auger, 5 Hp single phase 230 volt pickup, 327, 4 speed, dual Ft wood flatbed, PTO driven electric motor winch gin poles bidirectional #3346375 #JJC0325201, sells with a • 2 - Westfield folding Hyd tailgate wheel, flatbed set up for welding with tank holders • 1975 Chevy C-65 Dump • Minneapolis Moline U Johnson header trailer augers tool boxes, gin poles, winch, Truck, 366 gas engine, 5 & 2 tractor restored, gas engine, • 1994 MacDon 960 30 Ft draper Miller 55 welder Continental 4 speed Trans, 9 Ft box, home great tires & paint, wide front header, 5 batt reel, transport kit cylinder gas engine, pintle hitch built grizzly gravel bars on top, serial # 90262, Case IH adapter • Allis Chalmers W-40 tractor, • 1994 Ford F-350 XL 4 X 4 single axle, 10.00-20 tires.

• 1990 Case IH 1680 Cummins started restoration, pallets of • 1982 Versatile 895 4 pickup, 7.5L gas engine, 5 • 1976 Chevy C-65, tandem engine, Hydro, 30.5L-32 tires, parts, 2 Pt, PTO, loader with wheel drive tractor, 310 Hp 3,787 engine Hr. sells with a 13 Ft speed manual, Reg cab, 8 Ft axle truck, 366, 5 & 2 speed, Cummins with new heads 1989 Ford 1720 Utility 64 inch bucket pickup header & a 12 Ft Rake-Up Circle D steel flatbed, sells with spring ride, Omaha 18 Ft box, & injectors, 12 speed Trans, Tractor, 4x4, 3 cylinder diesel • Ford 501B Tractor 30 Hp, 4 pickup Attach. a Summers mid mount boom tip tops, 9.00-20 wheels, miles engine 26.5 Hp, 12 speed cylinder diesel engine, 5 speed • 1989 Case IH 1680, IH engine, 20.8-38 duals, 4,267 Hr. sprayer, hydraulic tip lift, 70 Ft unknown • 1983 Versatile 875 four shuttle shift speed trans, 3 Pt, manual, 3 Pt PTO,1 hydraulic Hydro, grain loss monitor, 24.5-32 booms, 500 gallon poly tank, wheel drive tractor, 280 Hp PTO, diff lock, open station, remote, 12.4-28 rear tires, tires are poor, 3,514 engine Hr. 30 Brandt 5000 Grain Vac, 1,000 windscreens, triple nozzle, Cummins, 12 speed Trans, ROPS, 11.2-24 tires, 1,052 unknown Hr. Ft 1010 header with pickup reel PTO,10 inch loadout auger, 8 Hp Honda engine, Miles 5 Hyd with case drain, 20.8 Hr. 7-17 front tires, 7108 • Arians lawn & garden tractor, • Case IH 1010 30 Ft header, Hyd Hyd auger lift, 2 - 6 Ft long 7” unknown Ford loader, 5 Ft bucket, 17 Hp Kohler, 44 inch roto- for & Aft pickup reel, sells with a flex pipes, 2 - 6 Ft X 7Ft, ridged R38 duals, 6,748 Hr. pipe, hand vacuum attachment, • 1985 Versatile 276 Serial # UL27241, sells with tiller, 45 inch belly mower, 48 30 Ft header trailer • 1982 New Holland TR 85 Serial #7740505 Bidirectional Tractor, heat/ 1996 Ground breaker Woods inch snow blower 1996 Kenworth T800, N14 Red AC, 3.9L diesel engine, 3 3 Pt backhoe, 7 Ft dig depth, • Long 560 Tractor, MFWD, TRAILERS Top Cummins engine, 13 speed speed, Hydro drive, PTO on 3 tooth 12” bucket, hydraulic diesel engine, 5 speed high/ • 1988 Great Dane 48 Ft dry van • 2009 Homemade 18 Ft bumper transmission, 32” sleeper, dual loader end, 3 Pt, 2360 loader side shift, hydraulic control low Trans, Kelley loader, trailer, 96 inch wide, spring ride pull trailer 5,000 # tandem axles, aluminum fuel tanks, steerable 79 inch bucket, 3 Pt, PTO, 11R-22.5 tires ramps quick attach, 8 Ft bucket 4 tine valves, Serial #564185 2014 Dodge Ram 2500 4 door tag axle, aluminum wheels, grapple, 16.9-28 tires, 6,831 • Minneapolis Moline UTS 1 Hyd remote, 16.9-28 rear • 2001 Wilray 18 Ft bumper pull • 2002 Big T Bumper Pull Dump heavy duty 4X4 long box 285/75R22.5 front tires, Trailer, 10SR-10 Tandem axle pickup, 5.7 L Hemi, leather, sliding 5th wheel, aluminum tractor for parts, engine is free tires, 7.50-20 front tires, shows tandem 5,000 # axles, ramps Hr. Serial #00450 • 1997 Oklahoma MFG. 30 Ft 5th dump trailer, 6 hole rims, 16 Ft long, • 8 Ft rock bucket for no carburetor, PTO wide front 1,980 Hr. Serial # 605034 AC, power locks & windows, headache rack, 8 bag air ride wheel tandem axle dually trailer, 6 Ft wide, 19” sides, electric over suspension, Differential lock, 102 inches wide, 5 Ft beaver tail hydraulic dump, spring suspension grill guard, 135,981 miles SHOP EQUIPMENT with ramps • 1985 Homemade 18 Ft tandem • 1979 GMC 7000 single axle 299,685 miles • Century 225 AMP wire • Chicago Drill Press on 6 Ft wide, hooked together • 2013 Newmans tandem axle axle trailer sells with a Gardner Auctioneers Note: pontoon boat trailer Denver mud pump powered by on top shelf for 18 Ft span, welder stand Jown Hjartarson the Icelander is moving to AZ. Does this • Miller-Matic 251 wire • Century Plasma Cutter – • Large Assort on large open • 1974 Hale 16 Ft 4 horse bumper a 460 Ford gas engine & 4 speed make sense? This is a complete sell out. Top Notch will have pull trailer, 60 inches wide, tandem Trans, 2 mxing chambers lunch! You may call Jown on his cell 406-945-2741 end box end wrenches welder with bottle & 40/20 amp • 1980 Homemade utility trailer, 4 X aluminum spool gun • Chicago 120 volt wire • 2 - Engine cherry pickers axle EVERYTHING ELSE • 2010 Homemade 20 Ft bumper 7 Ft, 205-15 inch tires • Miller Bobcat 250 Welder welder 1 folding pull trailer tandem axle, steel floor, • Homemade single axle utility • 12 Ft Hyd angle truck snow • 2 - 9 Ft Oil rig bails Generator, 240 volt plugs, • Yale trolley electric chain • Oxygen Acetylene torch 7 Ft wide, Warn winch • 4 Ft rock picker bucket plow trailer 6.5 X 9 Ft bottles & cart 4 - 110 plugs, welding hoist • 2 - Honda EV 2000 watt • Light duty clamp on pallet forks CONSTRUCTION • Blackhawk wheel jack leads,295 Hr, Onan 20 Hp • Vice on stand • 2,000# Badlands winch new in crawler, 6 Cyl diesel, 3 speed with generators the box engine, 10,000 watts, Wire, • Square aluminum tool box • Engine stand torque converter Trans, 22 inch • Dragline bucket • Whiteman WM-90 P trailer • 25 - Sticks of 5/8 sucker rod • A-Frame stick, TIG, aluminum • 2 large tow ropes tracks with welded on grousers, mounted cement mixer, cracked • 68 - Feet of 7 inch pipe • Sydney Tool Lathe – 3 jaw • Pro Tech aluminum pickup • 2 X 6 Ft welding table, 1 11 Ft semi U Hyd dozer Hyd tilt, • Fill-Rite 110 volt fuel pump poly tank, Honda engine inch top with vice & 4 jaw chuck10 Ft ways, tool box Cargo G-80 rear winch • Large selection of 10 inch I brand new in the box • Central 1 inch air gun long • Craftsman air compressor rear tail, belt driven • Predator 212cc gas engine brand beam building frame • Craftsman air tools • Pro Tech Aluminum Step shaft anvil new in the box horizontal shaft • ¼ sack concrete mixer 1980s Case 680H Construction • Grizzly table saw on cart • Atlas tire machine Tool Boxes • 60 inch pull type mower, 14.5 • Foremost calf table manual tilt, King 2 WD backhoe tractor, 4 • Chicago Band Saw, 6 inch • Pacific gas pressure • Coats 2020 tire machine right side up Hp engine cylinder diesel engine, 2 speed • 3 ton floor jack throat washer – 4 Hp Briggs • Falcon Pump Co. High Pressure • Calf warmer – homemade shuttle shift, air brakes, 8 Ft 1.5 • Homemade pull - type loading • Schumacher 12 Volt • Blackman bumper air jack • 2 - 10 drawer 4 Ft long tool yard bucket, extendahoe, 4 stick 1987 JLG AWD man lift – washer chute wood floor panel racks • Biro model 22 meat saw • De Walt table saw cabinets Battery Charger controls, 4 tooth 24” bucket, 20 70H, Deutz diesel air-cooled • SnoCo 20 Ft bale elevator • 20 piece ¾ inch drive Ft dig depth, aux hydraulics, engine, 3,114 Hr. rear steer, • Aluminum headache rack • Ridgid Tool 60 inch pipe • Bench top sand blaster • Spool of heavy duty 4 line wire • Brady 600 ground drive • Gladiator heavy duty socket set, 2 inch wrench 2,750 Hr. body tilt, 8 Ft man basket, 70 • 2 - large spools of 3/8 galvanized fertilizer spreader, 7 ton, 50 Ft shelves, 2- 2 ft deep, 6 Ft tall • 20 Ton small Hyd press • Ridgid 36” pipe wrench • 6 Ft dozer blade Ft max height, 500 lb capacity,

MAY 30, 2026

• 1964 Allis Chalmers HD16M Serial #0308610222

RECREATION

• 1994 Kennedy 24 Ft pontoon • 2007 Yamaha Rhino 700 FI 4x4 boat, 2- pontoons, Mercury 4 stroke side by side, Diff lock, Hi/Low/ EFI 60 Hp motor, Minn Kota Reverse, dump box, poly wind Terrova trolling motor, sun shade, shield 5,753 miles, 12V power SEEDING & TILLAGE 2002 Big T tandem axle trailer winch, grill guard, hard half doors, • 40 Ft John Deere 9450 hoe drive fan, 18.4-26 tires, Serial • 39 Ft John Deere 1610 • 1973 Fiberform 20 Ft fiberglass soft top doors. drills, 7 inch spacing steel # A51188 chisel plow boat, inboard Chevy V8 engine, • 2006 Yamaha Grizzly, 660 ATV, packers, Apollo Transport • Krause30 Ft model 1950 • 37 Ft John Deere 1610 sells with Caulkins, tandem axle 3,175 miles, 4x4, diff lock, Hi/Low/ hitch tandem disk, scrapers, 20 chisel plow, nice Morris 3 bar trailer Neutral/Reverse, really nice tires

OphusAuctions.com

spread width, tandem axle, PTO cable • 2 - pallets of rolled telephone converted to hydraulic chain, Serial #7346 wire

HAY EQUIPMENT

• Massy Ferguson 855 swather, cab, diesel, Hydro, 30 Ft draper header with 5 batt reel, 1,178 Hr • Massy Ferguson 835 swather cab diesel, Hydro, 16 Ft hay header no conditioner, 1,328 Hr. • 1994 New Holland 660 round baler, Auto wrap, Serial # • 50 Ft Concord air drill, 12 inch disks, 3 section, nice unit mounted harrows 2010 New Holland BR 7090 905374 THREE POINT EQUIPMENT inch spacing rubber packer • 70 Ft Flexi-Coil 85 heavy • 31 Ft John Deere 1600 round baler, Xtra sweep, net • Farmhand 861 grinder mixer, • 2-John Deere 503 rotary • 7 Ft coil tine cultivator wheels, single shoot 1502 tow harrow, 9/16 teeth 23 inches chisel plow tandem axle, 540 PTO mowers • Degelman 8 Ft rear blade, Hyd wrap, Serial YA No43935 • 40 Ft Melro 501 chisel behind cart, serial # AD0672, long • John Deere 2280 swather, cab • New Holland 1022 bale • 65 Inch back blade with 4 angle & air, diesel, Hydro, 16 Ft hay wagon, PTO drive (missing Hyd driven fan, ground drive, • 45 Ft John Deere 1650 plow, center rock shaft Hyd ripper teeth • 6 Ft roto-tiller 540 PTO header with rubber conditioner front of PTO shaft) Serial #6124 serial # AS00385 chisel plow, Hyd rod weeder wing lift FUEL TANKS WATER TANKS • Concord 2300 tow behind • 41 Ft John Deere 1650 • 6 Ft Shafer offset disk, 21” • 120 Gal propane tank • 2,000 Gal fuel with stand • 1,000 Gal galvanized water • 450 gallon white poly water, disks cart, 2 compartment, Hyd chisel plow • 200 Gal old propane tank Gal fuel with stand • 350 gallon white poly water, fits between wheel well TO REGISTER, UPDATES, PICTURES ONLINE BIDDING GO •• 1,000 • 110 Gal Wilray fuel tank & 12 fits between wheel well 500 Gal fuel with stand • 1,000 gallon galvanized TO WWW.OPHUSAUCTIONS.COM volt pump • 3 - 500 fuel tanks • 750 gallon galvanized water water

OPHUS AUCTION COMPANY Shane, Blaine & Taylor Ophus, Auctioneers • Mason Ophus , Clerk For more information, Call Blaine @ (406) 390-5279 or Shane @ (406) 788-6662 Printed by Blaine County Printing & Signs

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A20

Melrose rancher represents Montana interests at Common Ground Coalition Regional Summit

Gove Retirement

AUCTION June 13, 2006

Marion, Montana Live & Online Bidding on Select Items

• Tractor • Balers • Trucks • Sawmil • Trailers • Pickups • Fuel Tanks • Chipper • Cargo Trailer • Vehicles • 4000 gallon water truck • JLG 85-ft. manlift • Boat • Stainless Steel 3000 Gallon Truck Tank • Forklifts • Skid Steer Grapple * Motor Grader • Restaurant Equipment • Box Truck • Reefer van body and more.

Still taking inventory.

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Melrose rancher J.M. Peck, who serves as Montana Farm Bureau District 2 Director, expresses his thoughts during the Common Ground Coalition regional summit in Reno, Nevada.

J.M. Peck, a cattle rancher from Melrose and District 2 Director for the Montana Farm Bureau Federation, recently returned from Reno, Nevada, where he joined a select group of producers, including Joe Goggins, Greg Putnam, and Darrell Stevenson from Montana, for the Northwest regional meeting of the Common Ground Coalition.

The summit, held April 19-21, 2026, brought together 34 cattlemen and women from Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and California. The coalition acts as a grassroots forum designed to build consensus among cow-calf producers, stockers, and feeders on the most pressing issues facing the livestock industry.

“The overarching goal is to make it feasible for the next generation to get into this business,” Peck said. “Whether someone is taking over a multi-generational ranch or entering as a first-generation producer, we need to facilitate that transition. The average age of the American rancher is over 60; we need young people to keep this industry vibrant and continue providing a great protein source for the world.”

Peck noted that that the summit used a productive roundtable format, where producers worked alongside industry experts to “flesh out” solutions across key areas: Supporting Young and Emerging Producers: Discussions focused on tax law reforms, including protecting the step-up in basis and exploring capital gains tax exemptions for those selling ranches to stay in agricultural production.

Predator Control: Peck noted the value of hearing from different regions, particularly California, where California Farm Bureau’s Steven Fenaroli explained that the recent return of wolves has left producers with limited management tools available to cattle

and sheep producers in Montana.

Risk Management: A major takeaway involved the Livestock Risk Protection (LRP) program. Led by Joe Kovanda of Compass Ag Solutions from Montana, producers discussed how establishing price floors through LRP can improve a rancher’s risk profile, making them more appealing to banks when seeking operating capital.

Public Lands & Labor: Participants consulted with experts, including the Nevada Agriculture Commissioner, and labor policy specialists, to address the unique challenges of labor issues ranchers in the West. The discussion also included opportunities and challenges of public lands grazing including overzealous implementation of the Endangered Species Act and historic public lands policies that have limited access to grazing allotments.

Access to Capital: Roundtables explored how to make lending more accessible through both private banking and updates to existing USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) programs.

The Reno gathering is the first of four regional meetings the Common Ground Coalition has planned for 2026, moving away from a national-only model to better capture the specific needs of different geographical regions.

“It was interesting to learn how people in other states are facing these issues,” Peck added. “All of us at this meeting were directly tied to the cattle industry, and we shared the belief that we have to work together to move the needle forward.”

Peck intends to bring the perspectives gained in Reno back to Montana to share with Farm Bureau members and their advocacy efforts and policy development.

MFU’s free Teacher Camp offers real-world ag lessons Montana teachers can earn 18 OPI renewal credits and learn how to better integrate agriculture into everyday classroom lessons during Montana Farmers Union’s free Teacher Camp this summer.

This is the second annual Teacher Camp to be held at Camp Arrowpeak in the Highwood Mountains, running from 3 p.m., July 21, through noon, July 23.

Teachers will leave the intensive program better equipped to teach agriculture-based lessons with lesson plans and a take-home box of materials and equipment needed to conduct the lessons they do themselves during the camp in their own classrooms.

Topics will be different than last year’s les-

sons, so teachers can attend multiple years and expect new lesson plans and materials.

Activities and lessons will be focused on hands-on, experiential learning and targeted toward grades K-6 to incorporate real-world agriculture into the classroom. Middle and high school science and agriculture teachers will also find the projects and activities useful, with information about modification and scaffolding for varying abilities and levels.

Lodging and Montana-sourced meals are included. The registration fee of $75 to hold a spot is refundable at check-in.

Learn more at montanafarmersunion. com/teacher-camp-registration/.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A21

ROSMAN RANCH

e v i L AUCTION Thursday, June 4th, 2026 • 11 a.m. mdt Location: 4160 anteLope creek road, Hobson, mt (5 miLes soutH of utica, mt)

2009 CASE IH 7088

1998 MACDON, 14 BALE

1994 BUICK ROADMASTER

BRANDT 5000, 50’

1997 CASE IH 9370

BRENT 880

1998 RAM 2500

2018 VERMEER R2300

2012 CASE IH 340 MAGNUM

VERMEER 605 M

HAYBUSTER 256 PLUS II

2015 CASE IH 3430, 51’

MELROE, 40’

NH TM190

YAMAHA GRIZZLY 550 F1

1996 FORD LOUISVILLE

2009 PRECISION, 40’

NH 2550, 18’ 18’

YAMAHA GRIZZLY

IHC PAYSTAR 5000

internet bidding avaiLabLe at www.sHobeauction.com TRACTORS 2012 Case IH 340 Magnum, MFWD, 3 pt, dual pto, 5094 hrs, 18 spd power shift trans, 3 remotes, big 1000 pto, cab/air/htr., 18 front suitcase weights. A very clean tractor.

NH TM190, MFWD, diesel, 5949 hrs, 190 ho, NH 72LB loader w/8’ bucket & grapple fork, 18 spd PS trans, dual pto, 3 pt, 4 hyds. A good running tractor.

1997 Case IH 9370 tractor, diesel, 360 ho, 4 x 4, 4337 hrs, 4 hyd remotes, 14.0 L Cummins N14 turbocharged engine, 12-speed full powershift transmission, cab/air/htr, front & rear suitcase weights, Case Pro 700 monitor w/auto steer. Good running tractor.

1982 Versatile 895 4x4 tractor, 5941 hrs, 4 hyd, Cummins NTA855-A310 6-cylinder diesel, 3 & 4 spd trans IHC 1086 diesel tractor, 130 ho, 2 WD, 4 spd w/TA, 540/1000 pto, 3 pt, 4 hyd remotes, cab, 7712 hrs, overhauled pto, sells w/Farmhand F235 loader, bucket & grapple fork Ford 9N tractor, 3 spd auxillary trans, 2 pt pto, new rubber TILLAGE & SPRAYER 2015 Case IH 3430 air drill, 51’ x 10” spacing, single shoot, 430 bushel TBT tank, folding hyd swing auger, steel packers w/caps Brandt 5000 Contour Commander heavy harrow, 50’, 19” tines Case IH 160 pull-type sprayer, 100’, 1600 gal. tank, dual nozzles, wind screens Case IH 5800 tool bar, 45’, floating hitch, dble. wing lift, knock on shovels, mtd harrows, good straight tool bar Krause 24’ tandem disk, 22” disks, Noble mtd. harrows Melroe 40’ tool bar, mtd. harrows, double wing lift RiteWay 4241 land roller, 42’ wide frame, 41’ packers, hyd Lift, all steel Degelman rock picker, hi-lift hyd, 540 pto COMBINES & GRAIN HANDLING 2009 Case IH 7088 Axial Flow rotary combine, 2061 engine hrs, 1527 separator hrs, single-rotor, 300-bu. grain tank, 3 spd hydrostatic trans, Pro 600 monitor, straw chopper, fully serviced, field ready. A very clean combine.

2011 CASE IH 40’ draper header w/transport, 3 seasons on side drapers, center draper is original 1978 Gleaner N6 combine, 2342 engine hrs, 1408 separator hrs, AC engine, cab/air/htr, Brent 880 grain cart, Shur-Lock tarp, big 1000 pto Brandt 500 grain vac, 1000 pto Westfield 10-63 pto auger, 10” x 63’, mech. swing-away hopper Westfield 10-61 pto auger, 10” x 61’, hyd swing-away hopper Westfield 7’ x 46’ pto auger Sakundiak auger, HD7-1000, 7” x 34’, gas engine Combine header trailer

1999 Elite GN flatbed trailer, 20’, w/beaver tail & 3 fold up ramps, tandem axle 1997 Dodge Dakota Sport pickup, auto, air & htr., 138k miles, topper, cd/cassette 1994 Buick Roadmaster 4 door sedan, V-8, 350, 110k miles, Landau roof 1998 Ram 2500 3/4 ton pickup, quad-cab, auto, 4 x 4, 24 valve Cummins diesel, 168,828 miles, B&W gooseneck hitch, power windows/ locks, grill guard, very clean 2009 Precision “Dakota” steel grain trailer, 40’, twin ag hoppers, 60” side walls, elec. Shur-Lock new tarp Wilson steel grain trailer, 42’, 60” sidewalls, new tarp HAY EQUIPMENT Hay trailer, 45’ w/5’ ext., hauls 30 bales, spread axles NH 2550 18’ swather, diesel, 2,829 hrs, dble. sickle, hydrostatic, Drop-deck semi trailer, 28’, beaver tail & 5’ ramps header tilt, good rubber, conditioner Equipment questions?

Vermeer 605 M round baler, wide pickup, 540 pto, twine and net tie 2018 Vermeer R2300 twin rake, hyd controls Please call DeWayne at 406-366-6495 1998 MacDon round bale transport, tandem axle, hyd lift, 14 bale capacity, Rt. and Lt. arms GUEST CONSIGNED BY DICK CLARY - 406-566-2605 Haybuster 256 Plus II bale processor, 1000 pto 1988 NH 165 tractor w/Quicke self-leveling loader, 165 hp., NEW NH 1282 SP Hay Cruiser baler, gas, ENGINE, 3 pt., 540/1000 pto, good dual rubber Round bale rack, truck mount, 18’ 2014 JD W150 swather, 16E 16’ header, NEW AUGER, diesel, Stackmover w/hyd Controls, tilt bed, single duals 1046 engine hrs, 767 header hrs.

IHC 1150 feed grinder, 540 pto JD 567 round baler, 540 pto, twine tie, MegaWide pickup, good belts ATV’S & LAWN TRACTOR 2008 Ford F350 pickup, V-12 gas, auto, regular cab w/DewEze Yamaha Grizzly 4-wheeler, 4 X 4, 9355 miles bale handler Yamaha Grizzly 550FI 4-wheeler, 4 X 4, 14K miles Montana 350E post pounder, skid steer quick attach loader mount JD LT166 riding mower, 48” deck, 16 ho JD V-twin engine Powder River portable loading chute TRUCKS, TRAILERS, AUTO 1996 Ford Louisville semi tractor, N14 Cummins, 14,085 engine LUNCH WILL BE AVAILABLE hrs, 254,614 miles, Eaton Fuller 10 spd, air ride, air bags, 2 -70 Driving Directions: From Hobson, MT go 10 miles gal. fuel tanks west on Hwy. 239 to Utica, then south 5 miles on IHC Paystar 5000 tandem truck, diesel, 8V71 Detroit diesel, 5/4 Antelope Creek Road. From Windham, MT, go spd, 20’ box w/twin cyl. hoist, fold-down stock rack, tarp, 52” south 12 miles on Hwy 541 to Utica, then south on sidewalls, steel deck, dual tanks, good rubber w/split rims Antelope Creek Rd. Watch for Auction Arrows.

1998 Ram 2500 3/4 ton pickup, quad-cab, auto, 4 x 4

Shobe Auction Inc.

Lewistown, MT 59457 • 406-538-5125

Jayson Shobe 406-366-5125

Kyle Shobe 406-366-0472

Nick Bennett 406-451-3899

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A22

Thrifting your way to prosperity

www.kevinhillauctions.com • (406) 531-7927 VAN VALKENBURG ESTATE ESTATE ALLEN “PUNKIE” BURGESS

AUCTION

Saturday, May 31, 2025 • LIVE/ONLINE 9am mdt EARLY START 928 Cottonwood Creek Rd • Plains, MT TIME, 9AM!

MAY 16, 2026 9 AM

280 MCMANNAMY DRAW - KALISPELL, MT LIVE/ONLINE BIDDING ON SELECT ITEMS STARTS AT 10:30 AM VEHICLES / EQUIPMENT / TRAILERS / PARTS

1967 Chevy Impala 1995 Ford F350 XLT Crew Cab Truck, Manual 4x4, Runs 1971 GMC Special Motorhome/ Bus-Runs 1968 Ford F100 Truck 1979 Jeep w/ Lots of Extra Parts 1988 Randy Travis Tour BusNeeds Motor 1996 Feather-Lite 48 Aluminum Cargo Trailer Car Hauler, 8’ Enclosed, Triple Axle, Generator, Viewing Platform, Interior Lights, Air Compressor, In Floor Winch, Power Up/Dwn Ramp 1973 Speed Boat w/Trailer 1977 Speed Boat w/Trailer 1987 Peterbuilt Dump Truck. Cat Motor, Tag Axle, 15’ Bed 1993 Reliance Transfer Trailer, 15’Parts 1999 Reliance Transfer Trailer, 15’ 2004 Peterbuilt Sleeper, 11’ AL Bed, GN Hitch, (Cylinder blown in motor) 1981 Kenworth Dump Truck, Detroit Dsl, 11R-24.5 Tires, 14’ Bed, Eaton Trans, 672K +/- Miles 1973 Boom Truck W923 w/National Crane 6T-56 Boom, 18’ Bed, Cummins Dsl 1979 Fruehauf Belly Dump Trailer BD8?

1982 Ravens Flatbed Trailer, 45’ Aluminum Semi, 10’ Spread Axle, 2-5’ Underbed Boxes 2002 Tilt Top Trailer 1996 Lowboy Trailer, Beau 38’, Drop Tail, 50 Ton 1993 Trash Trailer 30’ 1995 Feather-Lite Aluminum Trailer Open Deck, 8’x49’, Triple Axle, 8’ Underdeck Storage

1967 Volkswagen Bug plus 3 More Antique Fridge and New Motor Misc Furniture 1974 F250 Ford Truck, Manual 4x4, Harley Ranger (3) Scrap Cars 1975 Ford F250 Ranger XLT Truck, Old Blue Box Trailer On Wheels, Manual, 4x4, Currently Running Yellow Chevy Truckweld Dump Pup Trailer 13’ Chevy Impala w/20’ Adj Tongue Mustang Cars - Parts 1993 F150 XLT Reg Cab 4x4 Truck, Post Lift 8’ Bed, Manual (Parts Truck) 1993 Chevrolet Truck, Manual 4x4, Cat Motor Grader 8T1148, 12’ 9’ Flatbed, GN Hitch Blade Trailmax TD-40T, Tandem Axle, DuCAT Motor Grader 8T2623, No ally Equipment Trailer, Tiltbed Blade Storage Truck Boxes 18’ & 22’CAT Motor Grader 9K2592SP Buyer Loads 2000 Freightliner w/Sleeper, Rig Master Perkins Aux. Motor - NO Title, No 5th Wheel 12’ Aluminum Deck Flatbed Trailer AUCTIONEERS NOTE: Sheepherder Wagon Top w/Stove NO RESERVE AUCTION. Buyer premium applies to online buyers only!! & Runners There will be live only items at the end of the Live/Online portion of sale. & 30- Noon to 6 PM & 8 AM Trailmax T-16 20’Preview: Trail,May 16’29Tilt, 4’ day of sale or by appointment only.

Stationary Pepsi Cooler Trailer 8’ Golf Carts (3) DIRECTIONS: Oskosh Truck From Hwy. 382 between Perma & Hot Springs at mile marker 5.3 turn west on Michel Creek Rd for 2.3 miles to Cottonwood Creek Rd then north for .5 miles to Fire Truck auction site. Watch for Signs!

Rat Rod See our Website for photos, inventory or to bid online!

Ford Plow Truck Trailer / Snowcat Genie S-40 Man Lift, Gas, Turns Over TransAm Bandit Car El Camino Camaro Volkswagen Motor- New Semi Tires Semi Hoods Semi Tanks Pallet of Restaurant Equipment, (2) Empty Container (19) Semi Cabs Semi Sleeper (2) Diesel Motors-Cummins N14, Both Run

TERMS OF SALE- All items are sold as is, where is without recourse. Photo ID required for bidder registration. Cash or approved check day of auction. Note! No items may be removed until satisfactory payment has been made! Seller and/or Kevin Hill Auction Service retain the right to maintain possession of any item sold until funds are verified. Unless known by the Auction Company a bank letter of guarantee is required. Sale day announcements take precedence over printed matter. Auction Company under certain conditions may bid on behalf of lien holder, seller or pre-approved absentee buyers. All items become the responsibility of the purchaser after being sold. By registering to bid at this auction, bidder agrees to sale terms. Credit cards accepted at this auction. NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ACCIDENTS.

SHOP / TOOLS OT Jet Belt Sander/ Disc Grinder Blue Point Transmission Jack 1/2 Ton, Welding Cart 2 Tanks Swamp Cooler General Safety Sheen Tub For Cleaning Tools, 5-6 Tool Totes 8 Misc Bolt Buckets 4 Paint Totes, Guns, Sprayer, Sandpaper Paint Paper Cart 4 Small Bottle Jacks Big Bottle Jacks Propane Tanks, Torch, Heaters Engine Blocks 2 Grease Container Jet Sanding/Buffer Small Portable Sand Blaster Miller 250 Syncrowave Welder Jet Band Saw Antique Plates Antique Magazines 2 Floor Jacks 5 Bolt Bins Drawers Tote Snap on Tools 3 Engine Stands 6ft Ladder, Book Shelf

Motorcycle Ramp Box of Straps Sheet Rock Jack Monarch Wood Cook Stove Road & Construction Signs Log Bed, Furniture Horse Tack Tire Chains-Several Hotel Lights Fixtures 15 Neon Beer Lights Chains, Binders Log Truck Bunks Glass Patio Tables Millermatic 211 Welder Skat-Blast Sand Blaster Auto body Work Stands Griswold #8 Dutch Oven Hames & Collars Mirror, Tables Scaffold & Planks Pallets of Semi & Car Parts Rigid Pipe Vise Club 13 Bar Street Sign Oasis Bar Street Sign So Much More!!

Inventory May Vary By Sale Day.

See our website for photos and full details. www.kevinhillauctions.com

By Lisa Terry, Glacier County Family Consumer Science Agent, Montana State University Extension Given the current economic situation, in which working families are struggling financially, thrifting offers a way to save money. Quality items may be purchased for less than department- store sale prices, including Montana-made products.

Here are some do’s and don’ts of second-hand shopping.

First, as with all your shopping preparation, make a list.

Please do not enter the doors of your local thrift shop without an itemized list . The assortment of items available holds an allure that may lead to “impulse spending”, that is, using money that should be applied to more essential needs.

And rather than composing a mental list, write your ideas on paper, with approximate values to watch for. Shopping with a plan of action saves time and money!

The next step is identifying quality items at secondhand shops. Since everything from clothing to household appliances, exercise equipment, and furniture is for sale in the aisles, the shopper must use extra care before making a purchase. When purchasing clothing, inspect the garment, evaluating stitching, color, and fit. While shoppers may be wary of used clothing, stores often inspect each item for cleanliness, discoloration, and wear. As an added measure, hold items up to windows with sunlight; stains that may be difficult to see in fluorescent aisles will show up in natural light. As most thrift stores have a fitting room, be sure to try on items before making a purchase. .

As with clothing, the shopper should inspect furniture, gym equipment, and household items. Sit down in the rocker.

Turn the cushions over on the sofa. Kitchen utensils should be straightforward to assess. A quick survey of these items will suffice. Again, while most chain stores claim to test all electronic equipment, shoppers take a chance with such purchases.

Finally, customers should familiarize themselves with the return policies of the shops they frequent . Cash refunds are typically denied. Goodwill, for example, allows the customer to exchange items of equal value. Receipts and tags are also required for purchase validation. While clothing is accepted for return, be aware that furniture, books, toys, CDs, and DVDs are not eligible for return in many locations.

Using thrift stores and second-hand shops is one way to trim a family’s budget expenses. When practiced with forethought and discipline, the buyer will not be disappointed.

What to Buy and What to Avoid. DO Buy These Items: Quality Clothing - Look for natural fabrics like wool, cotton, and linen. Brand-name items in good condition offer excellent value. Jackets, coats, and formal wear provide the best savings compared to retail prices.

Glassware and Dishes - Vintage Pyrex, sturdy dishware, and quality serving pieces are often found in excellent condition. These items are easy to sanitize and inspect for chips or cracks.

Solid Wood Furniture - Well-constructed dressers, tables, and chairs made from real wood can be refinished or used as-is. Check joints and drawer slides for sturdiness.

Books and Media - Hardcover books, cookbooks, and educational materials are typically in good shape and cost a fraction of new prices.

Kitchen Gadgets - Mixing bowls, baking pans, hand tools, and quality cookware are safe options. Cast iron skillets are particularly valuable finds.

Home Décor - Picture frames, vases, baskets, and artwork allow you to personalize your space affordably.

DON’T Buy These Items: Mattresses and Pillows - For health and hygiene reasons, these items should always be purchased new.

Car Seats and Cribs - Safety standards change frequently, and you cannot verify the history of these items. Hidden damage or recalled models pose serious risks.

Helmets - Bike helmets, motorcycle helmets, and other safety equipment may have invisible cracks or damage from previous impacts.

Electronics - As mentioned in the article, even “tested” electronics are risky. If you do purchase them, test thoroughly in-store if possible and understand the return policy.

Shoes - Used shoes have molded to someone else’s foot shape and gait, which can cause discomfort or foot problems.

Undergarments and Swimwear - These items should always be purchased new for hygiene reasons.

Non-Stick Cookware - Scratched or worn non-stick coatings can be unsafe.

Fertilizing coolseason grass

By Jerry Volesky, UNL Fertilizing cool-season grass pastures or hayfields is something producers do each year while accounting for forage needs, the value of the forage, and fertilizer costs. With high fertilizer costs this year, many producers are reconsidering this practice or reducing the amount that is applied. Very important to remember is that adequate precipitation is needed to realize the grass response to the fertilizer.

Fertilization of smooth bromegrass pastures should occur in spring through early May. If the nitrogen is a single application, usually between 80 to 100 lbs of actual N per acre is suggested for eastern Nebraska.

The recommended application rate declines westward across the state with about 30 to 40 lbs N per acre suggested for the Panhandle.

If doing split applications, usually it’s 2/3 in the spring and 1/3 in the fall when growth resumes on the cool season grasses. With fertilized pasture, be sure to include a rotational grazing plan that will effectively harvest the extra forage and provide the greatest return on the fertilizer investment.

Also remember that adequate moisture is needed with fertilizer applications.

Soil tests could also be conducted to determine more exact amounts needed, particularly for any phosphorus, potassium or sulfur that could be applied.

Research conducted in Eastern Nebraska has shown a 30% increase in forage yield with fertilization and the economic optimum rate is between 80 to 120 lbs per acre. A crude protein increase from 16 to 20% was seen with fertilizer applications up to 160 lbs. That is a lot of fertilizer, but it did increase crude protein and organic matter digestibility while decreasing NDF or neutral detergent fiber.

Always be aware when applying fertilizer, especially in pastures and fields near water sources such as ponds.

Brome pastures are hardy, and we can and do graze them hard in Nebraska. Haying or grazing operations can benefit if managed correctly with fertilizer. ##### Two teaspoons lemon juice added to 1 cup fresh cream turns cream sour for sour cream recipes.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A23

We’d appreciate it if you tell an advertiser you read his ad in the Trader’s Dispatch.

Weaver WINDOWS & DOORS Specializing in ProVia Products

Moore, MT

Entry Doors Windows Patio Doors Storm Doors & Heavy-Duty

Window Well Covers

Fully transferrable life-time warranty on windows & doors!

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• www.istatetruck.com •

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REDUCED PRICE ON CASCADIA SLEEPER CABS!!!

2026 Western Star 49X Detroit DD15, 505 hp, DT12, air ride, all aluminum wheels, 246” wheelbase, 13,300 lb. front axles, 46,000 lb. rear axles, 100 miles, FULL LOCKERS! Stock #840996.....................................$214,990

2026 Western Star 49X dump truck, Cummins, 605 hp, 18 speed, 255” wheelbase, 14,600 lb. fronmt axles, 46,000 lb. rear axles, 2 LIFT AXLES! FULL LOCKERS! 20-ft. Workman boulder box, 8” rear spreader apron, rear 90K pintle hitch, automatic tarp system. Stock #832604......Call for Pricing

2025 Freightliner Cascadia 126 Detriot, DD15, 455 hp, DT12, air ride, all aluminum wheels, 229” wheelbase, 13,300 lb. front axles, 40,000 lb. rear axles, 2108 miles.

Stock #827654 $184,900....$173,900

2025 Freightliner Cascadia 126 Detriot, DD15, 455 hp, DT12, air ride, all aluminum wheels, 229” wheelbase, 13,300 lb. front axles, 40,000 lb. rear axles, 184 miles.

Stock #827658 $184,900....$173,900

2025 Freightliner Cascadia 126 Detriot, DD15, 455 hp, DT12, air ride, all aluminum wheels, 229” wheelbase, 13,300 lb. front axles, 40,000 lb. rear axles, 7 miles.

Stock #82765 $184,900....$173,900

See more photos and info at: 2026 Western Star 49X Detroit DD15, 505 hp, DT12, air ride, all aluminum, 250” wheelbase, 13,000 lb. front axles, 46,000 lb. rear axles, 100 miles, FULL LOCKERS! Stock #840991...............................................$199,900

istatetruck.com

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A24

The deadline for advertising in the June 2026 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be May 27th. Phone (406) 271-5533.

TRACTOR FOR SALE

1977 Versatile 900 tractor, 8800 total hours, 2680 hours on new Cummins 903 engine and turbo....................... Asking $10,750

For More Information Call (406) 450-3340, Shelby, MT

Licensed - Bonded - Insured

Statewide Service

(406) 289-0053 • 4250 Liberty School Road - Conrad, MT

www.sullivanbrosconstructioninc.com

“When you need the job done, and you need it done right.......

Feel free to give us a call during the day or at night!”

Plow in your water lines, gas lines, etc.

Up to 4” in diameter and up to 6-ft. deep

ALSO SEE US FOR

✓ Directional Boring ✓ Excavation Needs ✓ Road Grading

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Job completed from start to finish - Call for price quote

Full Truck Service Department Extensive Parts Department Routine Maintenance Truck wash & detailing DOT inspections Truck accessories Oil changes

NOW HIRING

SEEKING A SKILLED MECHANIC Please send resumes to admin@tetontrucks.net

NEW PHONE NUMBER

(406) 466-2623

Weekly Wildfire Webinar Series started

Beginning Thursday, April 30, the University of Wyoming Extension hosted a free six-part webinar series focused on preparing for, responding to and recovering from wildfire.

The weekly series, delivered via Zoom, will discuss topics ranging from how to reduce household fire hazards to community preparedness and understanding how wildfire can impact livestock, wildlife habitat and public health.

Each webinar runs from 6 to 7:30 p.m. on Thursday evenings, with an hourlong presentation followed by a 30-minute Q&A session. Presentations will highlight specific case studies in Wyoming communities as well as offering general tips for managing risk, staying safe and knowing what to expect in the aftermath of a fire.

“Wildfire can be really scary—there’s a lot of unknowns,” says UW Extension educator Peyton Loss, who co-organized the series in partnership with fellow extension educator Mallery Larson.

“We’re hoping that by giving people more information on the front end, they feel a little more empowered about where to go and what to do,” Loss adds. “We hope people take away some new tools or community connections that help them feel more prepared.”

To view speaker information and register for the series, visit https://bit.ly/uwe-wildfire-webinar. Contact Loss at ploss@uwyo.edu or Larson at mlarso34@uwyo.edu with questions.

Next, topics and speakers are as follows: May 14: Impacts of Wildfire Smoke on Livestock & Grazing After a Wildfire, presented by Barton Stam, UW Extension educator, and Amy Skibiel, associate professor of animal, veterinary and food sciences at the University of Idaho May 21: Reduce the Ire from Wildfire: Best Practices to Reduce Risk to You and Your Home, presented by Robb Sgroi, land resources specialist for the Teton County Conservation District May 28: Sheridan County Public Health: A Case Study of the 2024 Elk Fire Response, presented by Edward Hinzman, Sheridan County public health response coordinator June 4: Wildland Fire: Positive and Negative Impacts to Wildlife Habitat, presented by Tim Kramer, state coordinator for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program.

Grass tetany

By Ben Beckman, UNL Fresh spring growth is a welcome sight for producers looking for animal forage. However, lush spring growth may be the perfect condition for a case of grass tetany. While turn out may be a ways off, mitigating this risk starts now.

Grass tetany is the result of low levels of magnesium in an animal’s blood stream. Low magnesium levels in lush, newly growing grass are often a main cause. In lactating animals, low dietary magnesium paired with a drain on calcium from milk production increases risk even more. Calcium aids in magnesium absorption. This means, high milk producing and older animals are most at risk for developing tetany.

To prevent tetany problems this spring, it’s best to wait till grass in pastures has grown to at least 6 inches high before grazing. Legumes like alfalfa or clover, are a good source of magnesium, so grazing mixed grass and legume pastures can help balance mineral demands.

While cultural practices can reduce risk, providing correct and adequate mineral supplementation may be the most certain remedy. Cattle should be consuming 3-4 ounces daily of mineral containing supplemental calcium and 10-13% magnesium oxide. This should start at least 30 days before grazing begins, to ensure proper intake has been established.

Most high magnesium minerals utilize magnesium oxide, which is bitter tasting and can reduce animal consumption.

Mix magnesium fortified mineral with salt into a complete package or feed with a highly palatable protein or energy supplement to improve intake High magnesium mineral should be provided for animals until cool season grasses slow down growth and the levels of lush, fresh forage are reduced, around mid-May. Dealing with grass tetany in the spring doesn’t have to negatively impact your herd. Plan now to adjust grazing management or mineral supplementation for a tetany-free spring. ##### Never trust the advice of a man in difficulties.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A25

TRUSTED IN THE FIELD, PROVEN OVER TIME.

2024 John Deere 616R • 120-ft. Booms • Exact Apply • Only 388 hours EST LEASE PRICING $79,653/YEAR

2024 John Deere 6R 175 ust J

IN!

• 271 hours • Extended Warranty • 40 gpm hydraulic pump

• 56-ft.

• 12” spacing • Loaded up with scales!

EST LEASE PRICING $63,756/YEAR

2023 John Deere 6R 165 • 609 hours • 155 hp • Gen 4 Display

Call For Pricing!

2024 John Deere 2680H

EST LEASE PRICING $23,023/YEAR

• 40-ft. • Rubber rollers • Hydraulic scrapers

2016 John Deere S680 Jus t

EST LEASE PRICING $24,884/YEAR

IN!

2021 JD P556 C650 Cart

2025 John Deere 9RX 710

• 69 hours • 36” tracks • Triple pump EST LEASE PRICING $178,925/YEAR

2022 John Deere 9RX 640

2017 John Deere 1870

• 76-ft. tillage • C850 cart • High Flotation Kit

• Small Grains • 1584 Separator hours • Power Folding EST FINANCE PRICING $33,246/YEAR

EST LEASE PRICING $62,324/YEAR

2011 JD 1835 1910 Cart

!

D L SO

2023 John Deere S770

• Like New • 179 separator hours • Small grains EST LEASE PRICING $86,118/YEAR

• 56-ft.

• 10” spacing

Great Falls, MT

• Cummins X15 • Extended Warranty • New 36” tracks EST FINANCE PRICING $67,186/YEAR

2019 John Deere S780

• Small Grains • 1418 Separator hours • Power Folding

Jus t IN!

Call For Pricing

888-453-2924 406-453-2924 3400 Old Havre Highway, Great Falls, MT

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A26

CHECK OUT THE TRADER’S DISPATCH ONLINE AT: www.tradersdispatch.com

“BEAUTIFUL RESULTS AT A FAIR PRICE”

Roofing by Frank Merchant RESIDENTIAL | COMMERCIAL | INDUSTRIAL

PROVIDING LASTING SOLUTIONS SINCE 1997

Flat Roofs | Shingle Roofs | Metal Roofs Call for a free estimate today!

EXPERIENCED • SKILLED • PROFESSIONAL

406.590.1490 YOUR GRASS SEED SOURCE

Big Sky Wholesale Seeds, Inc. Box 852, Shelby, MT 59474 Phone 434-5011 Phone 434-5600 FAX 406-434-5014 E-mail: bigskyseeds@3rivers.net

Native Dryland Items Mountain Brome Idaho Fescue Rough Fescue Sherman Big Bluegrass Sandberg Bluegrass Prairie Junegrass Basin Wildrye Streambank Wheatgrass Thickspike Wheatgrass Western Wheatgrass Bluebunch Wheatgrass Slender Wheatgrass Blue Grama Green Needlegrass Indian Ricegrass

Legumes

Alfalfa Big Sky Ladak Alfalfa Roundup Ready Alfalfa Sainfoin Alsike Clover Red Clover Yellow Blossom Sweet Clover Cicer Milkvetch Birdsfoot Treefoil

Tame Dryland Items Smooth Brome

Put our Meadow Brome Sheep Fescue “over four Hard Fescue Orchardgrass decades of Paiute Russian Wildrye Wildrye experience in Dahurian Tall Wheatgrass Intermediate Wheatgrass the grass Pubescent Wheatgrass A/C Saltlander seed & Crested Wheatgrass Hycrest Crested Wheatgrass legume Siberian Wheatgrass business” Wetland Native Items to work on Nuttal Alkaligrass Tufted Hairgrass your farm Tame Wetland Items or ranch Reed Canarygrass Garrison Creeping Foxtail Timothy

Visit our website

www.bigskyseeds.net

Nebraska annual tractor/ equipment safety training

The annual tractor and equipment safety training courses will be offered in Gering and Gordon in June. The events are hosted by the Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (CS-CASH) at the University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, in partnership with Nebraska Extension.

“Tractors and agricultural equipment remain leading sources of serious injury and fatalities in farming, especially for young and beginning producers who are still gaining experience,” said course instructor Aaron Yoder, PhD, associate professor, UNMC and University of Nebraska- Lincoln. “The 2026 Annual Tractor and Equipment Safety Course provides essential, hands-on training that helps participants recognize hazards, develop safe operating habits, and build confidence when working around powerful machinery.”

Federal law restricts youth under the age of 16 from operating certain farm equipment unless the farm is owned by their parents or legal guardians. However, certification through the National Safe Tractor and Machinery Operation Program (NSTMOP) provides an exemption, allowing 14and 15-year-olds to operate tractors and certain mechanized equipment.

Course Details: Day One: Covers the essential components of NSTMOP, as well as additional training in emergency response, stopthe-bleed techniques, personal protective equipment, and other lifesaving skills.

Day Two: Hands-on driving test, equipment operation and ATV safety lessons. Instructors will also provide education on safe practices and legal guidelines for ATVs, utility task vehicles (UTVs), and other off-road vehicles (ORVs).

The cost is $60, which covers educational materials, online learning access (if applicable), supplies, and lunch and snacks for in-person training sessions.

June 1-2 - Legacy of the Plains Museum, 2930 Old Oregon Trail, Gering, Nebraska June 3 - Sheridan County Fairgrounds. 613 E. Third St., Gordon, Nebraska Virtual Module – For those attending a location that offers only Day One or is 50 miles or more from the host location.

UNMC’s Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health, in collaboration with Nebraska Extension, will oversee the courses.

Youth under the age of 14 can attend Day One if accompanied by an adult, but they are not eligible to drive equipment, participate in Day Two, or receive certification.

Students under 14 must register, but they will not be charged a fee. New and beginning farmers who want to increase their knowledge about safe farm practices are encouraged to register and attend.

To get more information and to register, visit: https:// www.unmc.edu/publichealth/cscash/outreach/farm-safetydays.html

Rural Employment Opportunities Rural Employment Opportunities (REO), is a non-profit founded in 1981 which, through the National Farmworker Jobs Program, provides training opportunities and supportive service, such as food and gas, for farmworkers and their families across the state of Montana. This funding helps farmworker families to upgrade skills, access education, degree programs, and job training leading to year-round employment (both in and out of agriculture), improved family income and greater economic security. Additionally, REO provides food and gas to traveling agricultural workers and their families.

REO’s NFJP program is staffed by professionals with experience in training and job placement in high demand careers with good salaries and benefits. Services include career assessment and planning, access to classroom and on-the-job training, intensive case management, and job placement.

REO is a partner in Montana’s economic development by providing training that creates a pipeline of skilled workers for employers throughout the state.

Funds and eligibility for REO programs is based on current grants and funding. #####

By FDA standards, there’s an allowance for the level of traces of bugs that could be in your food.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A27

2026 consignment sale

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 10, 2026

LIV ON E S AN D O ITE NL INE

3288 RD 600E, CHESTER, MT – On Hwy 2, West of Chester, between

MM 313 & 314, TURN NORTH onto Rd 600 E 1.25 miles. WATCH FOR SIGNS!

Registration at 9:00 am, Sale and Simulcast at 10:00 am MST

ailable Lunch Av re lo from Exp America

Taking consignments until June 4.

Register early for online bidding – Bid online at equipmentfacts.com

AUCTIONEERS NOTE: Welcome to the 2026 Consignment Sale. Please remember that this is a partial listing and items are added daily. Watch equipmentfacts.com and fritzbull.com for updates. You may also scan our QR code to take you directly to our sales. To prevent online bidding delay, register and agree to Terms at least two days prior. You can preview onsite starting June 8th and 9th. Find loadout dates online. Every item sells as is without reserve. See you June 10th.

TRAILERS

RANCH ITEMS

2011 MAURER grain trailer, 40’, roll tarp INDUSTRIAS AMERICA WEST VALLEY fuel trailer, NEW, 500 gallon, pump, 45 gallon DEF tank, brakes, LED lights, 14,000 GVW, 10 ply tires PONDEROSA stock trailer, 16’, 2 compartment INDUSTRIAS AMERICA WEST VALLEY tilt deck trailer, NEW, 22’, wood deck, powder coat paint, 14,000 GVW, 10 ply tires 2014 MIRAGE flatbed trailer, 20’, tandem axle SHOP BUILT flatbed trailer, 20’, 8’ wide, 2x10 side boards, tandem, two spares 3 point hitch Towing hitch, 2” ball with chains Trailer balls

WEST VALLEY 4950 bulk feed trailer, NEW, 18” x 96” flip open lid, 4900# capacity, 7000# axle, 2” ball, 10 ply tires 2-POWDER RIVER calf table, exchangeable sides FOR-MOST 450 squeeze chute RANGER cow scale Steel fence posts

VEHICLES

1989 GMC pickup, 1T, 454, automatic, 2WD, power windows, AC, extended cab, 8’ service body 2000 PONTIAC SUNFIRE SE car, 2 door, bad head gasket 1991 DODGE van, 440, automatic, 18 passenger

FARM ITEMS 1983 VERSATILE 256 bi-directional tractor, 3 speed hydrostatic transmission, 540/1000 PTO, 4 remotes, case return, remanned engine MASSEY 810 combine header, 30’, heavy duty trailer 2011 HONEYBEE draper header, 36’ INDUSTRIAS AMERICA 845R header trailer, NEW, fits all headers with adjustable cutter bar, torsion suspension, brake one axle, LED lights MORRIS CP-743 plow, 43’, double wing-up to 13’ JOHN DEERE 3pt plow, 7.5’, 1.5’ extensions on both sides DEGELMAN harrow, 56’, wings back FLEXICOIL 85 harrow, 50’, Valmar gandy box Harrow tine fingers, 4 new boxes Disk WHEATHEART auger, 10x61, swing-out, lo-pro, bend tube Aeration tubes, 12”, 2 new sets, fit 24’ diameter bin, bin wall adaptor WEST VALLEY bucket with grapple, NEW, Skid Steer/Global Euro hook up FLEXICOIL packer wheels, steel, 3.5” wide JOHN DEERE 5020 alternator, rebuilt SUMMERS cylinders for sprayer, new Irrigation pipe, drip line, 500’ 1/2 inch, new

ATVS

2014 CFMOTO CFORCE 800 4 wheeler, touring model, snow plow 2009 ARTIC CAT PROWLER XTZ side-by-side, CURTIS snow plow, tracks

TRUCKS 1982 FORD F700 single-axle truck, 5x2 transmission, 18’ box, roll tarp 1979 FORD 7000 single-axle truck, diesel, 3sp automatic Allison transmission, 18’ box, roll tarp 1979 FORD LM700 single-axle truck, 5x2 transmission, 18’ box, sides off FORD LN 600 radiators

SHOP ITEMS

2-WIX Ag filter box, new FLEX ZILLA air hose SENCO air nail gun BOSTICH air nail gun Air spray painter Anvil Boomers Bungie straps Cherry picker, 3500#, Class II coupler, 2” link Chisels DEWALT chop saw SANDEN SD-7 compressor, new Cutting torch Extension ladder BLACK HAWK floor jack, 2T COLEMAN POWERMATE 5000 ER generator GRACO grease gun Grinder blades Hand saws Heavy chain MAX AIR impact wrench , 3/4” industrial ROTOR SOLUTIONS lift, 6000#, mid-rise, 115Hp, hydraulic pump Light duty floor jack NORTHERN INC metal bender, 18 gauge Oil, 2-5x30, 1-10x30+ CAROLINA parts washer Pipe wrenches Plywood COLEMAN 2750 pressure washer, Honda GC 190 Propane blue torches, cylinders SEARS reciprocating saw Respirator mask BLACK & DECKER sander, new Sewer snake Shop press, 20T Splitter mall ROCKWELL table saw Welding rod and oven Wrenches

Fritz auction

Jim, Dena, Jake and Jimi 406-432-2845 fritzauction@yahoo.com

MISCELLANEOUS

IRONCRAFT 2515 bat-wing mower, NEW, 15’, 5 year gearbox warranty, USA made, cuts 2.5” trees, min 50Hp required JOHN DEERE 3pt mower, 5’ PRO-WELDING snow pusher, NEW, 10’, bucket/chain mount, push snow, dirt, gravel, manure FARM KING blade, 6’, adjustable Taillights, reflectors, new Tire chains and chain adjuster BRIDGESTONE tires 11R 24.5, tubeless HONDA 5.5 GX160 water pump WILRAY water tank, 2000 gallon, steel

Facebook equipmentfacts.com

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A28

Seeds and transplanting tips

Advertising Deadline for the June 2026 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be May 27th. Call (406) 271-5533 to place your ad.

ITEMS FOR SALE

2013 Case Magnum 235, front and rear duals, powershift, AFS AutoSteer, 3700 hours, excellent condition.......................................................................................................... $105,000 2011 Sunflower 9435-30 folding grain drill, 30-ft., 10” spacing, 10,000 acres use, 2-point hitch, good condition................................................................................................ $45,000 2008 GMC Topkick C7500, cab and chassis, long wheel base, Allison automatic, 150,000 miles, 7.8L Duramax................................................................................................ $22,500 2012 Chevrolet 1500HD, 4x4, 6.0L gas, good tires, long box, 195,000 miles............... $7500 2018 Polaris Ranger XP900, half windshielf, top, 11K miles......................................... $7000 Phone Holden Herefords, (406) 450-1029, Valier, MT

It is important not to start seeds indoors too early. If they outgrow trays or small pots, try thinning them and transplanting the largest to bigger pots, but it is easier to plant them outside just as they become large enough to survive transplanting. This is generally four to six weeks after sowing, when they have at least two sets of true leaves. If aiming to plant in the first week of May, start the seeds around mid-March. Toward the end of this period, you may want to provide your seedlings a little food in the form of a weak, water-soluble fertilizer.

As soon as the first true leaf appears from between the seed leaves, the seedlings are ready to be transplanted.

I-15

Cliff Gustafson 2 residential lots at 113 N. Main, Conrad Parcel 55600 Central Add Amend. S14, R03W Block 221 Lots 15 and 16 HOUSE WILL SELL AT 12 NOON SHARP Subject to seller approval Approx. 1,120 sq. ft.

Garage approx. 960 sq. ft.

Stree Main

Saturday • June 13, 2026 113 N Main • Conrad, MT

t

Estate Auction

113 N Main, Conrad In case of inclement weather, auction will be held on Sat., June 20, 2026

Register 9 am • Sale 10 am • Free Coffee

Vehicle • Tools • Camper • Misc Cliff has a good selection of hand and power tools!

1976 Champion motorhome

Fair interior, could use some TLC; tires – 75% tread, dual in rear, all have tire covers; carburetor needs work; has propane and gasoline tanks; batteries removed for winter.

Flying D Auction For any questions, please contact

Zane Drishinski (406) 289-0514 2000 Mercury Grand Marquis LS

23,000 miles, tires have 75% tread, interior ok, needs battery, well maintained!

Gerald Miller (406) 289-0510

Not responsible for accidents or lost or stolen merchandise. This is a partial listing of sale items.

Auction Company or advertising counsel will not be held responsible for advertising inaccuracies.

Anything said or done on sale day will take precedence over all sale bills.

EAGLE BUTTE FARMS AUCTION

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A29

SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 2026

4818 Eagle Butte School Rd | 20 Miles East of Loma, MT Register for Numbers at 9 AM | Live Auction begins at 10 AM | Online Bidding starts at 11 AM SEEDING & TILLAGE

THREE POINT EQUIPMENT

• Kelly 43, 3 Pt backhoe attachment, 10 Ft dig depth, 18 inch & 12 inch buckets, out riggers • Land Pride 3 Pt landscape rock rake manual angle 8 Ft wide • Titan 8 Ft 3 Pt back blade manual angle • Buhler 6 Ft wide 3 Pt finish mower, 540 PTO, 4 gauge wheels • John Deere 509 64 inch 3 Pt, rotary mower, 540 PTO • 2 - 3 Pt International 2 row corn planters • 3 Pt International 1 shank ripper • Allied Farm King, 3 Pt, 10 Ft back blade, hydraulic tilt, angle, dual rear wheel lift, side shift, serial # 1501201400012, very nice heavy duty rear blade • King Kutter 3 Pt 6 Ft disk • Shaffer 3 Pt Hyd post pounder 7 inch • Older 3 Pt post hole auger 12 inch bit

MOTORCYCLES & SPORTS

• 2008? TTR 225 Yamaha motorcycle, electric start • 1981 Kawasaki KE 175 enduro motorcycle • 1984 Yamaha Moto-4 ATV ATV cart • 1978 Polaris Cobra 340 snowmobile, 939 miles

SPRAYERS, TRUCKS, TRAILERS & PICKUPS

TRACTORS

• 1964 Ford F-600 water truck, 391 gas engine, 4 & 2 speed Trans, , 1,150 stainless steel tank on a homemade flat bed, 10X19-19.5 floater tires, unknown miles • 1970 Kenworth W900 day 2001 Sterling AT 9500 day 1995 International Navistar cab semi, overhauled 335 cab semi, C12 Cat Reman 2554 spray truck, custom Cummins engine, 16 speed 435 Hp engine, 10 speed built by AG Trucks, DT466 Trans, shows 513,243 miles, trans 11R22.5 steel drivers, diesel engine, Auto Trans, 11R24.5 steel wheels, 186 aluminum steer tires, 4 bag EZ-Steer, Trimble EZ boom inch wheel base, new batteries air ride suspension, wet kit, controller, Raven boom • 1978 Ford F-700 dump 818,271 miles height control, auto rate, truck, 391 V-8 gas engine, 5 1,600 gallon stainless steel speed manual trans, single tank, 50 gal clean water axle, rear duals converted to tank, mixing cone, 100 Ft 11R22.5 steel duals, 10.00-20 suspended boom, triple steel steer tires, 5 yard box, nozzle, 48 X 25.00 front single lift cylinder, unknown floater tires, 66 x 43.00 - 25 miles rear floater tires, shows • 1981 GMC Brigadier 39,845 miles, this a very tandem axle truck, 300 2013 Maurer 42 Ft steel gain clean well-built truck ready Cummins engine, 15 speed trailer, high Ag hoppers, to go. trans, spring ride suspension, 11R22.5 steel wheels, spring 20 Ft Midland steel box & ride, electric roll tarp, very hoist, 3 rear doors, 1 electric nice trailer remote slide door, Shur-Lok • 1978 Dodge 300 4X2 Club roll tarp, 11R24.5 tires, shows cab 1 ton dually service pickup, overhauled 440, Auto 336,283 miles SHOP TOOLS • 1981 Alloy 45 Ft flatbed Trans, 9 Ft service body, 300 • Miller Bobcat 225T • 2 - heavy duty saw horses Onan engine drive welder • 4 post drive on car lift, 8,000 1998 International Eagle trailer, 96 inch wide, spring gallon fuel tank, electric start 9000 semi, CAT 3406E 435 ride, tandem axle, 285-70- Kohler air compressor, 69,888 generator, 240 volt plug in, pounds 4-110 volt plug ins, short • Custom built 8 ton cherry Hp engine, 10 speed trans, 24.5 tires, steel dual wheels, miles 60 inch stand up sleeper, sells with 2- 1,550 gallon • 1981 GMC 2500 Sierra welding leads, shows 166 picker original Hrs. Nice stored • Homemade rotary engine tag axle, 11R22.5 aluminum poly tanks, 1-2,550 gallon Grande, 455 Oldsmobile wheels, 4 bag air ride horizontal blue poly tank, 2 V-8 gas engine, Auto Trans, inside stand suspension, shows 255,256 inch hoses 4 X 4,homemade flat bed, • 2 - welding tables • Good selection of hand tools miles • 2010 Wilray trailer, 36 Ft sells with Brittonya sprayer, COMBINE & GRAIN HANDLING • 1991 Freightliner FLD overall length, equipped 325 gallon plastic tank, 56 Ft Hrs. 3,828 engine Hrs. Serial • Homebuilt 8 X 39 Ft PTO grain 120 tender truck, 3406B with ITB, 24 Ft aluminum booms, Briggs 900 engine # HAJ100597, recent $35,000 auger with Hyd wet kit Cat engine, 15 speed Trans, box and hoist, 3 rear doors, and pulley pump, equipped dollar work order. Always • Hutchison 8 X 40 Ft PTO grain unknown miles, dual 1 electric slide gate, roll tarp, with firefighting hose reel auger stored inside aluminum fuel tanks, 11R22.5 rear air, pintle hitch, sells with and Briggs 900 pump, Tee Jet • 2012 New Holland 94C, 40 Ft steel wheels, tandem axle,4 400 gallon galvanized tank, controller, shows 21,434 miles draper header, 5 batt reel, pickup bag air ride, equipped with 16 hydraulic drive 2 inch pump (used for fire unit) teeth, pea auger, transport kit, Ft custom steel flat bed, 2,550 for firefighting • 1969 Chevy Custom ½ ton Serial # 40GB121217, always Gallon black poly water tank, • 1971 Fruehauf 34 Ft steel 4X2 pickup, overhauled 350 2003 New Holland CR 970 stored inside 3 mixing cones, Briggs 900 2 grain trailer, spring ride 4 slide engine, rebuilt Turbo 400 inch pump combine, Heat/AC, radio, 6 • 2002 New Holland 96C, 12 openers, rear air, pintle hitch, Trans, new brakes, straight • 1961 Ford F-750 grain roll tarp is no good, 11R24.5 body, power steering & cylinder diesel engine, 4 speed row corn header, dual drive brakes, cab lights, 147,000 trans, Hydro drive, Ag Leader PTO, serial # 21736, sells with 2014 Unverferth 9250 grain truck, V-8 391 gas engine, steel wheels yield monitor, Redekop straw/ a homemade triple axle pintle cart, center v unload with left 5 & 2 speed Trans, air • Pintle hitch 5th wheel dolly, miles front corner 17 inch auger, brakes, tandem tag axle, 20 11R24.5 steel wheels, 25 Ft • 1986 Toyota 4X4 pickup, chaff spreader, lateral tilt hitch trailer rebuilt 4 Cyl, 5 speed, tow bar, feeder house, new feeder house • West Field MKX 130-74 swing hydraulic spout adjustment, Ft Knapheide box, tip tops, overall length drum floor & chain, 900/60R32 out auger, 13 inch, 540 PTO big 1,000 PTO drive, roll tarp, roll tarp, custom built drill • 1997 utility tilt bed trailer, front winch, 6 Ft steel flat bed front tires, 600/65R28 rear drive, hydraulic over cable lift, electric scale, 900/60R32 tires fill auger, 9.00-20 tires, steel 7.5 Ft long, 6 Ft wide, 8.5 X with fold down sides, 218,800 miles tires, Case FM-750 monitor hydraulic winch hopper lift, dual like new, Serial # B32430130, wheels, shows unknown miles 8 inch tires very nice with EZ steer, 2,862 separator auger hopper CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

with water, very nice set up.

• Ezee-ON 25 Ft disk, dual center wheels 19 inch disks, mud scrapers, hydraulic cable wing lift • Earth Buster 9 shank deep 2004 New Holland SC 230 ripper, 30 inch tall shanks, air cart single shoot tow hydraulic lift between, two tanks, serial • Friggstad 5 section, 50 # PNL00960, sells with a Ft chisel plow, rear shanks New Holland SD 440 56 Ft fitted with coulter disks air seeder, 12 inch spacing • 45 Ft Krause 2100 tandem steel caped packers, single disk, hydraulic wing lift, 19 shoot, serial # PNL002168 inch disks, mud scrapers, carbide tip openers, sells serial # 1569, very nice with a tow behind 2,000 heavy duty disk gallon liquid fertilizer tank, • Degelman Straw Master 30 gallon mixing cone, 7000 heavy harrow, 50 Ft 30.5L-32 tires, hydraulic wide, 9/16 22 inch tines, drive pump 29,365 acres every other tooth removed on the cart, 24,000 acres on for easier distribution • Gysler 48 Ft 3 section chisel the air drill • John Deere Max Emerge plow, center rock shaft, 3 bar 2 7200, 12 row 30 inch Flexi-Coil mounted harrows corn planter, hydraulic lift • Jeoffery 35 Ft chisel plow, markers, stored inside very no wing lifts • Case 700 10 bottom nice • Great Plains 30 Ft folding plow disk openers, serial # hoe drill, 12 inch spacing 1604667 steel packers, transport kit • 5 - John Deere 500 10 Ft pull type rod weeders model 450882 • 60 Ft Fisher Metal land • A&E pull type fertilizer rollers 2- 20 Ft wide by 42 spreader wings, 70 Ft wide inch rollers, 1 is 20 Ft wide • 9 - 6 Ft pull type coil X 48 inch all can be filled packers

1,168hrs, Very clean tractor • Case 930 Comfort King tractor, 6 cylinder diesel engine, 4 speed trans, 540 PTO, 2 Hyd remotes, 23.130 rear tires, wheel weights, 2007 John Deere 8230T 3,555 Hrs. Missing driver Tractor, 30 in wide tracks, side door 200 HP turbo diesel engine, ITV Trans, heat, Ac, radio, Star Fire 3000 guidance, 3 Pt, big 1,000 PTO, 4 hydraulic remotes, case drain, front weight package, shows 5,596 Hrs. 1997 John Deere 9300 4 Stored inside a very clean wheel drive articulating tractor tractor, 360 Hp turbo diesel • 2008 Case Farmall 35 engine, 12 speed Trans, high MFWD utility tractor, open low bump shift, E1Z-Steer, station ROPS, 35 Hp 3 heat, ac, radio, buddy seat, cylinder diesel engine, Hydro 4 hydraulic remotes, diff drive, foot pedal reverser, 3 lock, case drain, rear wheel Pt, 540 PTO, LX 340 loader, weight kit, 620/70R24 duals, 5 Ft bucket, 15 x19.5 rear 4,024 hours, very clean tires, 25x8.5 front tires, shows tractor stored inside

EVERYTHING ELSE

• Winpower trailer mounted • Tokheim model 300 C-25 • Valmar 2055 mounted 45 KW PTO generator gas pump serial # 3-39 691- applicator with a Hyd bag lift • Tahoe TPI 9,000 watt electric 8-56 • Clipper M-2B grain cleaner start generator • Model T engine &Trans & extra screens • John Deere 317 lawn & • New Holland 7.5 L combine • 1974 Lowe Line 14 Ft garden tractor mower & roto- engine aluminum boat & 1955 trailer tiller • Detroit V-8 318 truck engine • 100 Plus used steel posts • 25 Gal 110 volt seed treater • 59 Ft of 24 inch pipe • 4 Ft by 7 Ft utility wagon, • 5 - 2 inch water pumps, 2 are • 60 Ft of 6 X 6 inch square 18.5 X 8 tires, 300 gal water Hondas tubing 5/16 wall tank • Hyd bin sweep • 39 Ft of 12 inch pipe • 2,000 gallon fuel tank filled • IH ½ - 2 ½ HP restored hit & • Allied 4 tine tractor bucket with waste oil grapple • ATV cart miss engine, belt pulley

Auctioneers Note:

Jack & Mike are leasing out the farm. The equipment has been well maintained. This auction offers equipment that has a lot of use left in it.

You can call Mike on his Cell 406-781-6397

SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 2026

MOWERS & SWATHERS

• Schulte model 5026 pull type mower, 3 section, 26 Ft wide, PTO drive, Serial # HC50290234903 • 1995 John Deere 3430 self-propelled windrower, Ac heat radio, 4 cylinder diesel engine, high low travel speed, hydro drive, sells with 300A John Deere 14 Ft twin knife header, 5 batt reel, steel on steel conditioner, shows 1,928hrs, serial # E03430X985040.

TO REGISTER, UPDATES, PICTURES ONLINE BIDDING GO TO WWW.OPHUSAUCTIONS.COM

forward reverser lever, electric start pony motor, 24 inch wide grouser pads, 14 Ft wide blade, hydraulic lift, manual angle, 2 Hyd remotes, draw bar, serial # W-24C 36A1441

1984 Case articulating wheel loader, cab, 132 Hp 6 cylinder turbo diesel engine, highlow forward reverser Trans, clam shell bucket, 2.5 yards, 20.5 - 25 tires, air brakes, shows 1,912 Hrs. serial # 1974 Galion T 500 L motor 9156751. grader, IH 6 cylinder turbo diesel engine, high low range with forward reverser Hydro drive, 12 Ft moldboard, front scarifier, front lift group, full cab and heater, good 1959 D-8 Cat H series, glass, 13.00-24 tires, rear 6 cylinder turbo diesel wheel drive only, serial # engine, 6 speed Trans, QP506005.

OPHUS AUCTION COMPANY Shane, Blaine & Taylor Ophus, Auctioneers • Mason Ophus , Clerk For more information, Call Blaine @ (406) 390-5279 or Shane @ (406) 788-6662 Printed by Blaine County Printing & Signs

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A30

The deadline for advertising in the June 2026 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be May 27th.

Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

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We stock every size and option available of shipping containers.

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406-788-8808

Stay aware during fire season

By Colton Tripp, K-State Extension news service The Ranger Road Fire that started southeast of Beaver, Oklahoma, on Feb. 17 burned more than 283,000 acres in northwestern Oklahoma and southwestern Kansas.

Considering the fact that hundreds of cattle were lost and several structures damaged or destroyed, a Kansas Forestry Service fire prevention specialist is highlighting steps people should take to protect their homes, livestock, pets… and themselves.

“We forecasted fire season 2026 to be above average and it’s shaping up to be just that,” said Shawna Hartman, a fire prevention specialist with the Kansas Forest Service.

“One of the reasons is the amount of fuel and the unseasonably warm weather that we’ve been having has increased the curing of our vegetation.”

Because most of the Great Plains received precipitation towards the end of the growing season last year, vegetation was able to grow above normal averages before freezing off. With the unseasonably warm weather in recent weeks, this vegetation has dried, creating prime fuel for wildfires.

“Our fire season usually starts in February and goes until green up, which is towards the end of April and into May,” Hartman said. “So be aware that anytime in that time frame there could be high fire danger and people could be at risk to be in the path of a wildfire.”

People can stay up to date through the National Weather Service, the Kansas Forest Service webpage, Facebook groups, and television and radio, Hartman explained.

When thinking about protecting structures and housing, Hartman said, “60% of homes burn from ember showers, not the flame front.”

“Think like an ember; what would an ember burn?”

When proofing homes and structures against wildfires, Hartman explained there are important things homeowners should do to prevent embers from burning: Remove leaves from gutters and landscaping.

Water lawns and mulch Make sure there is no flammable vegetation near the structure.

Be Prepared Before the Fire Having a plan and being prepared before the start of fire season through precautionary actions is the best way to prevent fire damage.

“Some of the best things homeowners can do is within the first five feet of their home out into their yard is to reduce flammable material,” Hartman said.

Hartman advised replacing natural mulch with rock in garden beds that border structures and suggested that homeowners consider installing a concrete patio or walkway within five feet of their home.

“One eighth of an inch screening on vents, attic vents and around a deck will decrease the number of embers that can get up into those spaces, reducing the flammability of a home,” Hartman said.

Act on the Open Plains “If you own cattle, you need to be thinking about fire season as a whole, because once the fire starts, it’s going to be hard to move cattle in a timely manner,” Hartman said.

Moving cattle to a secure location with little vegetative fuel is the best place for animals if a full evacuation is not possible, she explained.

“Move them into a wheat field, or a location with minimal vegetation where they are not in abundant vegetation,” Hartman said.

She said that actively planning on how to evacuate livestock before a wildfire is the best measure to ensure herd safety.

“We’ve seen widespread devastation, not just here in Kansas, but also in Nebraska involving our livestock herds,” Hartman said. “Thinking about where you could move your cattle now before the risk is high to extreme may be the best option.” ##### A recently retired business executive is discussing his new life with his friend. “How is your retirement?” the friend asks. “It’s terrific,” the retiree says. “The only downside is I had to give up skiing.” “Why is that?” the friend asks, “Are you afraid of getting hurt?” “I am now,” he responded. “You see, in the past, if I broke my ankle, I could still work...no big deal. But now, even the slightest injury while skiing could truly affect my golf game...it’s just not worth the risk.”

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A31

• Industrial & Automotive • Pickup & Delivery • Sandblasting Media Blasting Ryan Weber Owner

• Same Day Service * PlasticAluminum & Copper Radiators

406-442-2217

1513 National Ave Helena, MT

USED EQUIPMENT

FLEXI-COIL 67 In good shape ready to start sprayer, hydraulic pump, hydraulic boom height, 1000 gallon tank, 250 gallon fresh water tank, 25 gallon foam tank

Our Price...................................................... ......................................................$10,500

NEW CASE IH L106 Loader with grapple. MSRP...$22,988

Closeout Price ...............Just $13,860

2023 CASE IH RB565 ROUND BALER One owner, 5x6, Pro Model with twine and mesh. Includes in-cab density system, without belt de-clutch, endless belts, overshot feeder, large overshot rotor feeder for less crop loss. on-board moisture sensor, 1000 PTO, and heavy duty cut-out clutch that disengages if it encounters a plug.

This extra clean unit at less than half of new and only 11,489 careful bales...............$45,973

ALLEN HYDRAULIC HAY RAKE Fair condition.

Everything works.

Good deal at....... $2995 2015 JOHN DEERE W235 WINDROWER 500R 16-ft. rotary header. Unit has had excellent car and is ready to go to work. GreenStar Guidance System, big 24.5R32 turf tires, 2122 engine hours, 1589 header hours. Was $137,940

Price Reduced to....................................... ....................................... $117,269 STOLL L50 LOADER Came from Maxxum 125 tractor. Consigned for.....$5000

2023 CASE IH RB565 ROUND BALER Net & Twine, 11,489 Bales, In-cab Dual Density Control, Endless Belts, Wide Pickup, Moisture Sensor, well maintained ready to work!

MVE Price.....................................................$45,973

2023 CASE IH RB565 Twine/Mesh Baler with Only 7,844 Bales. Fully Loaded Including Pro 300 Monitor, Moisture Sensor, 21.5 X 16.1 Tires, In-Cab Density System, & Field Ready.

MVE Price.....................................................$48,078 2017 CASE IH RB565 ROUND BALER One Owner Unit with Twine/Mesh, 21.5 X 16.1 Tires, Endless Belts, In-Cab Density System, & 1000RPM. 11,867 Bales & Fully Reconditioned.

MVE Price.....................................................$25,896

2017 CASE IH RB565 BALER One Owner Mesh/Twine Baler with 14,687 Bales That’s Field Ready. 1000RPM, Big Tires, Endless Belts, & In-Cab Density System & Field Ready

MVE Price.....................................................$24,580

2015 CASE IH WD1504 1090 hours. Ready to go to work!! HDSX142 16-ft. head, guidance ready, cold weather package, electric mirrors, cab and rear axle suspension.

MVE Price...................................................$101,686

The Little Dealer With The BIG Promise.

“TO TREAT EVERY CUSTOMER LIKE WE LIKE TO BE TREATED.”

418 Main, Roundup, MT

1-888-423-2605 or 406-323-2605

Lonnie Cox: 406-380-0155 or Weston: 406-589-8927 Contact us at or www.musselshellvalley.com or www.caseih.com/dealers/musselshellvalley

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A32

SPRAYER FOR SALE

2015 John Deere 4038R sprayer, 120-ft. boom, 20” spacing, Auto Height and sectional control, GPS, all electronics included. Two sets of tires and rims. Always shedded, 3105 hours.

WAY ABOVE AVERAGE CONDITION.............................................................$160,000 obo Text or call (406) 783-7946

CONTRACTOR RETIRING Selling low hour pre-def equipment

Terex-Daewoo 140 excavator - thumb, quick attach - 1916 hours.............................. $78,500 Daewoo Solar LCV excavator 140 - thumb, blade - 3780 hours................................. $42,500 Hyundai 740-3 3 yard loader - good rubber - 5460 hours........................................... $38,500 Cat 252 B skidsteer - 2006 new tires, 2 speed 792 hours........................................... $36,500 Terex 760 B loader backhoe 2007 Extend-a-hoe, clam shell bucket, 1880 hours....... $39,500 1997 INT. 2674 dump truck 58,000 GVW. Cummins M-11 13 sp. Henderson chief bed. 185,000 miles......................................................................................................................... $36,500 Read Challenger 176 - 4x8 - 2 deck wheeled screen plant-remote grizzly, Duetz engine 3689 hours........................................................................................................................ $58,000 Screen USA 3x5 topsoil, gravel screen plant - mobile with harp, remote grizzly dump, 2 deck Lombardini motor..................................................................................................... $27,500 2005 Interstate – 20 ton tilt deck trailer....................................................................... $18,500

Call Allan 208-303-7460

WSU bee scientist hosting pollinator conference

Colony collapse of honey bees is a global problem, one that researchers at Washington State University are working to mitigate by growing the international exchange of ideas and research.

Priya Chakrabarti Basu, assistant professor in the Department of Entomology, has organized a conference for June 6–12 in Pullman, Washington, inviting participants from all over the world to discuss colony collapse. Prevention of Honey Bee Colony Collapse (COLOSS) is a borderless group of scientists advocating for bee wellness and coordinating international research toward the well-being of bees. WSU’s effort to expand collaboration across the world is underway to gather anyone associated with bees, not just academics.

COLOSS has held regular conferences, mostly in Europe, to bring the scientific community together to advance cooperation on solving problems affecting growers, the environment, and consumers. This June will mark the first time the group has held a conference in North America, thanks in part to Chakrabarti Basu’s efforts.

Chakrabarti Basu is the North American chair of the bee nutrition task force at COLOSS. She has opened this year’s conference to anyone interested in the work. This includes honey bee researchers, veterinarians, industry, growers, beekeeper hobbyists, or anyone curious about bees.

“I think this is hugely significant, an international meeting for honey bees by honey bee researchers of this caliber, this is the first time in the U.S.” Chakrabarti Basu said. “I’m very grateful we can host it at WSU.” Chakrabarti Basu joined the entomology department last year and has statewide research projects, including at WSU’s Honey Bee and Pollinator Research, Extension, and Education Facility in Othello, Washington. Plus, her recently launched pollenmapping project, utilizing citizen scientists in every Washington county, mapping pollen varieties and the effectiveness of pollination.

“We are losing wild bees and managed bees throughout the world; it’s a global problem.” Chakrabarti Basu said.

“I think we are extremely well-positioned. WSU has a rich history of being one of the top ag schools.”

Future conferences can be expanded based on the success of this year and the cooperation it fosters worldwide. WSU is known as a central location for this type of research and can benefit from experts assembling to bring new perspectives from their respective regions and interests.

“The bee program has been here (at WSU) for decades in the heart of the pollination region for tree fruits.” Chakrabarti Basu said. “We can do a lot of regional research here, but we are also actually one of the national and global experts on these things.”

The conference has a tentative agenda that includes expert and sponsor talks, as well as hands-on demonstrations and a tour of a commercial beekeeper operation and a commercial grower operation tour at an additional cost.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A33

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2024 Lincoln Corsair Only 13K miles

NEW 2025 Ford F150 Tremor $2500 discount

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2019 Ford F150 $6000 Reduction!

2020 Ford Edge Only $11,995

NEW 2025 Ford F150 STX 2020 GMC Sierra 1500 Denali Price Reduced: Now $38,975

2017 Ram 2500

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2020 Ford F150 Lariat Price Reduction: Now $24,995 2025 Ford Maverick Lariat

2025 Ford F350 Dually Only 16K miles 2023 Ford Expedition Limited

2014 Ford F350 Lariat Super Duty Crew Cab 2023 Chevrolet 3500 6.6 Turbo diesel

2026 Ford Escape Active

NEW 2026 Ford F250 Lariat 6.7 diesel

2026 Ford F350 XL HUGE Discounts!

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2025 Ford Transit Van Invoice pricing Less Rebates!!

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2016 Ford F250 $22,995 includes snowplow

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Check out our full inventory

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A34

Wear Protection We’d appreciate it if you tell an advertiser you read his ad in the Trader’s Dispatch.

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Parasite season ramps 2 and Main Front up for sheep2 Main goats Front

By Chevy-Lynn Vaske, K-State Extension news For service W Carbides For With the beginning of spring,Carbides K-State Extension small ru- W ction Protection minant specialist Kelsey Bentley warns that parasite pressure ction Protection in sheep and goats is entering a critical season, putting flocks and herds at heightened risk for health and production losses.

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Quality Hoppers for the American Farmer Other common worms, including the black scour worm and brown stomach worm, often occur alongside barber pole -Hoppers 14’ - 36’ Diameter infections, compounding production losses.

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-For new or used Grain Bins. nk Opener “Producers should be watching closely for signs like ane-We can arrange Delivery mia, weight loss, diarrhea and overall unthrifty appearance,” Bentley said. “In severe cases, animals may decline quickly or even die before obvious symptoms appear.” sales@sunrisehopper.com Effective parasite control requires a combination of management strategies. Bentley recommends maintaining proper Wear Protection PH: 1-403-393-2513 rotation, avoiding overgrazing and ensuring animals Wearpasture Protection Carbide receive adequate nutrition to support immune function. Tools Carbide Installation Available through our USA Dealer network such as FAMACHA scoring, body condition evaluation and fecal egg counts can help identify animals that truly need treatment.

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USA – Chester MT. Call Loren Hawks - 406-460-3810 For Extra Side Wear To prevent coccidiosis, Bentley says keeping pens clean VWMFGUSA.com Carbide drill points + openers for air drills For Side Wear The value of a drill point is directly proportional to the amount Extra of carbide it has. and dry, minimizing overcrowding, and reducing stress are VW has all the carbide in the right places. VW makes the carbide do all the work – all the time.

Protection critical steps. In some cases, medicated feeds containing apProtection VW7CCCJD VW7CC-cb proved coccidiostats may be used under veterinary guidance.

VW7CCCJDS - John Deere - VW14FB / Stealth / Gen Testimonial: Testimonial: Treatment options such as amprolium or sulfa-based Limited is medications should also be used in consultation with a th f o number le b a il a veterinarian. av Bentley cautions producers to only use products that are approved or prescribed for sheep and goats. Certain medications, such as toltrazuril-type products, are not labeled for use in these species in the United States and should be avoided.

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I remember grandpa telling stories like no one Had ever heard before what he was telling me He would look at each log and think for A minute to tell where on his land he got that tree I’ve never forgot trying to look in the window When I was small hanging onto the window sill Some how grandma always heard me and would say Come in here and eat some of this until you get your fill Looking and talking about those days helps Us get past some very hard times The bond all started way back when from In that cabin we heard the same nursery rhymes I still take pride in looking across our Land and telling any one who will listen to me See that log there in the cabin that stump Over there is where it used to be a tree Copyright Robert Lee Ridgway

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A35

406-727-7153

www.hovenequipment.com

Great Falls Sales:

4181 North Park Trail - Great Falls, MT (G)

James – (406) 868-2570; Will – (406) 590-0372 Tim - (406) 402-0000

77335 US HWY 87 - Lewistown, MT (L)

Anna – (406) 231-4251; Bill (406) 399-4626

406-538-3919

Lewistown Sales:

CONSTRUCTION & ATTACHMENTS

2020 Bobcat L28 SAL bucket, cab, heat/air, suspension seat, radio, trst assist, 1324 hours. stk# 26171.......................$38,000 (L) 2023 Bobcat S66 Skidsteer SJC, HVAC, vinyl suspension seat, auto ride control, reversing fan, PWR BOB, 7-pin, 2 sp, dual bucket position. stk# 29382.............................CALL (G) 2023 Bobcat S66 Skidsteer CLR side, HVAC, heat cloth air ride seat, auto ride control, reversing fan, PWR BOB, 7-pin, 2 sp, dual bucket position. stk# 29381............CALL (G 2011 Mustang 2054 skidsteer, ROPS, single speed, lift 1750 lb, 47 hp, 28 GPM. stk# 33221.............................................. $19,900 2023 Bobcat E20 Mini Excavator. stk# 30610.. .................................................. $42,500 (G) 2022 Bobcat E42 Mini Excavator, 403 engine hours. stk# 29370..................... $69,900 (G) 2022 Bobcat E35 Mini Excavator, 25 hp, 403 engine hours. stk# 29373.......... $55,900 (G) 2023 Bobcat T64 Compact Track Loader. stk# 30714........................................ $69,900 (G) 2022 Bobcat T64 Compact Track Loader, cab AC/heat, Bobtach-bucket positioning, Touch display-rear cam, heat seat, auto ride-high flow-rev fan. stk# 29311............ $83,775 (G) 2022 Bobcat MT100 Track Loader. stk# 29374.............................................. Call (G) 2021 Bobcat 5600 Toolcat, Brand-new engine with 0 hours and warranty! Deluxe cab & high flow. stk# 32095................. $69,000 (G)

ROUND BALERS

2018 New Holland RB560 laced belts, ISO monitor, net only, hydraulic ramp, 1000 PTO with cut out clutch, bale count of 10,479. stk# 22242......................................... $34,900 (L) New Holland RB560 round baler, net/twine, 1000 PTO, deluxe wrap non ISO, caster wheels, X-Wide pickup, harness, monitor. stk# 22524........................................$24,500 Vermeer 605SM tires 21.5-16.1SL, net only, 1000 PTO, ramp, lights. stk# 17287.............. ...................................................$11,900 (G)

COMBINES

2009 Case 7120 combine, standard chopper, cloth seat, HID lights, standard rotor, small grain, 5170 hours. stk# 32233... $38,000 (G)

HEADERS

2019 MacDon FD140D 1000 PTO, Contour Buddy, 40-ft., double knife, split reel, upper cross auger, CNH adapter, slow speed transport. stk# 31005................ $78,900 (G) MacDon D140 40-ft., draper header, single knife, pickup reel, upper cross auger, JD adapter, 1000 PTO, with Stud King trailer, swather kit, poly skid on sickle bar, skid plates. stk# 33168..................... $70,000 (G) MacDon D140 40-ft., draper header, single knife, pickup reel, upper cross auger, JD adapter, 1000 PTO, with Stud King trailer, swather kit, poly skid on sickle bar, skid plates. stk# 33169..................... $70,000 (G) MacDon 216 16-ft. rotary header, skidshoe, M205 adapter. stk# 30590.......... $39,900 (L) 2015 MacDon PW8 pickup header, 16-ft. wide. stk# 31025................................. $24,300 (G) Case IH 2142 35-ft. header, pea auger, CNH adapter, slow speed transport, 540 PTO. stk# 33193,....................................... $21,000 (G) Case IH 2142 35-ft. header, CNH adapter, slow speed transport, 540 PTO. stk# 33194......... .................................................. $18,500 (G) New Holland 1116H pushframe only..$1500 (L)

2017 New Holland LM7.42 Elite telehandler, 460/70R24 Mich., reverse fan, rear hydraulic coupler, exterior tool box, continuous flow auxiliary hydraulic, bluetooth and auxiliary radio work, SO station. stk# 22833.............. ...................................................$65,000 (L) Bobcat HB980 breaker. stk# 24408.$10,036 (G) Quick Attach 68” angle blade. stk# 32129..(G) Bobcat 68” angle broom. Good bristles. stk# 32128...................................................... (G) Bobcat 68” angle broom for skidsteer. stk# 32384 ......................................................(L) Manitou 96” grapple bucket. stk# 22839........... .......................................................$5888 (G) Bobcat 74” bucket. stk# 29864........ $1800 (G) High Volume 66” bucket, skid steer attachment. stk# 29035...................................... $650 (G) Bobcat 18” bucket for excavator with bolt on teeth. stk# 22333............................ $399 (G) 2014 Bobcat drop hammer. stk# 17553........... ..................................................... $5900 (G) Bobcat 15C auger. stk# 23364........ $2750 (G) 2022 Salt Dogg SHPE0750 Sand/Salt spreader, stainless steel auger and frame. stk# 32348........................................... $2850 (G) Bobcat 6B landrake. stk# 29484.. $11,800 (G) Bobcat 72” root grapple. stk# 29486..$5800 (G) John Deere LX spear, skidsteer mount. stk# 32925............................................. $499 (G) Pal 60” broom, Grasshopper attachment. stk# 32378........................................... $2100 (G) ES 42” tiller for skidsteer. stk# 32873.......... (G) Ignite 68” snowpush. stk# 32040..... $2800 (G)

SQUARE BALERS

2014 New Holland 340, density control, tandem, ISO intellview, 1000 PTO, 500/50 Alliance, roller chute, windguard. stk# 30935.......$75,200 (G) New Holland 340 P 3x4, roller chute, tandem axle, ISO, color monitor, work lights, density control, packer. stk# 28453........ $43,000 (L)

TILLAGE & HARROWS

2018 Gates 84-ft. Magnum 5 bar harrow, 26x9/16 teeth with carbides, hyd tine adjust., excellent condition. stk# 31435..$45,300 (G) McFarlan 36 36-ft. harrow, 16 bar spike tooth, hydraulic fold & lift. stk# 32307..$44,500 (L) Maybridge 26 26-ft. chain harrow with cart hydraulic lift, manual lift. stk# 31172............ .................................................. $16,895 (G) Maybridge 26 26-ft. chain harrow with cart hydraulic lift, manual lift . stk# 31173........... .................................................. $16,895 (G) Maybridge 24 includes bars 5/8 chain 2X blue and white 4-ft. stk# 29012.............$4000 (L) 2023 NEW Kirchner 8-ft plow, Cat II, 3-pt. unit with 16” sweeps. stk# 30802........ $7090 (L) John Deere 18-in. planer, 14 pin control, carbide teeth, high flow. stk# 31623.......... $9900 (G)

SPRAYER

2019 New Holland SP310F sprayer, 1200 gallon stainless steel tank, deluxe cab, NEW 520/85R42 tires, Mono Boom 120-ft., 10 section, 5-way nozzles, auto rinse, fence row nozzles, wheel kit, 3” fill, reversing cooling fan, ISO, full GPS, air compressor with blow out system. stk# 24818........... $374,900 (G)

TRACTORS

2003 New Holland TV140 loader/grapple, Mega flow hydraulic pump, 540/1000 PTO & 3pt cab end, 1000 PTO, 2 remotes engine end, block heater, 16.9x28 tires, hydrostat transmission. stk# 29662................................. $45,750 (G) 2006 New Holland TS130A 4622 hours, cab, 3 rear mounts, rear wheel weights, loader, grapple, 540/1000 PTO, semi powershift. stk# 31403.................................. $93,000 (L)

RAKES

New Holland 1428 Procart without center kicker. stk# 30248..............................................Call 2022 New Holland 230 7 bar, hydraulic rake. stk# 28667..................................$37,600 (L) 2014 Vermeer R2300 23-ft. hydraulic rake. stk# 33149.........................................$24,000 (L) 2013 Vermeer R2300 hydraulic 23-ft. rake. stk# 25560.........................................$19,000 (L)

2011 Vermeer R2300 rake, hydraulic basket. stk# 32831..................................$23,000 (L) 2008 Vermeer R2300 hydraulic basket rake. stk# 31803..................................$19,000 (L)

2024 New Holland WM25S tractor, cab, heater only, hydro, loader, 50” bucket, midmount mower, turf tires, FWA, 3pt, 540 PTO, engine: Yanmar S/N: C1419. stk# 29707.$25,000 (G) Steiger PT225 tractor. stk# 20554..$25,000 (G) 2023 Bobcat CT5550E HST compact tractor. stk# 32344.....................................CALL (G) 2022 Bobcat CT2025 HST tractor, 56 engine hours. stk# 29350....................... $24,000 (L) 2022 Kubota L7401 47 hp tractor, comes with 6-ft. blade attached, and bucket attached. stk# 33489................................. $28,000 (G) 2011 Case JX75 tractor, ROPS, loader. stk# 33456......................................... $25,000 (L)

MISCELLANEOUS

10-ft. disc drill, legume box, grass seed box, small grain box. stk# 33581......... Call for price (L) Haybuster CMF-830 vertical mixer, small 1000 PTO, monitor with remote, right hand dogleg update, magnet, large display, scales. stk# 29236.......................................... $78,900 (L) Morris 800 Hayhiker 8 bale picker. stk# 33462................................................$11,000 2011 Haybuster 3104 rock picker... $25,400 (L) 2014 Danuser F8 3-pt. post hole digger with 12” bit. stk# 18366. ............................ $1200 (G) 2019 Danuser 200173 18” rock auger bit with 2” hex head. stk# 29016............... $1800 (G) Danuser 48” pallet forks. stk# 29525.$1400 (G) Woods 72” cutter. stk# 33057...........$1500 (L) 6-ft. rotary cutter, 40 hp gear box, Kingcutter single laminate tail wheel. stk# 33486.......... ..................................................... $2000 (G) Land Pride 7-ft. rear blade. stk# 33487.$1000 Miscellaneous 72” bucket. stk# 26358............ ....................................................... $700 (G) Toro 20” snowblower. stk# 32166. .... $170 (G)

John Deere basket rake similar to Vermeer 23A. stk# 33533.....................................$7500 (L) 2023 Sitrex MKE-12-60 12 wheel, high capacity, 60”, hydraulic width adjust. stk# 31405........ ...................................................$22,000 (L) Sitrex 12 ground driven rake. stk# 33449........ ...................................................$14,000 (L)

SWATHERS

2015 John Deere W150 no header, draper ready, A/C & heat, cold weather, buddy seat. stk# 33397................................. $68,900 (L) 2007 John Deere 4996 swather, 3940 engine hours, 16-ft. Rotary-x. stk# 24605................. ...................................................$53,000 (G) 2010 Massey 9635 9175 16-ft. disc head, deluxe cab, no GPS, 3371 hours. stk# 26858........... ................................................... $72,000 (L) 1993 New Holland 2450 4209 hours, 16-ft. header. stk# 31023.................... $18,000 (L) 2011 MacDon M205 swather, JD GPS, steering assist, draper ready. stk# 33173.$60,000 (G)

2014 John Deere 614D tractor, loader/grapple, 540/1000 PTO, 3 rear mechanical remotes, air suspension seat, 18.4x38 R1 & 14.9x24R tires, 12x12 syncro power reverse. stk# 33582................................ Call for price (L)

BALE PROCESSORS

2021 Vermeer BPX9010 round only, three remotes, 1000 PTO, hydraulic deflector, large flotation tires. stk# 29008........... $26,000 (L) 2020 Haybuster 2665 scale, fihe cut, wide deflector belt, hydraulic deflector, 14x16.1 10 ply knobby tires, CV 1000 PTO. stk# 26064....... ................................................... $27,000 (L) 2013 Haybuster 2650 round only, RH discharge, 1000 PTO, scales, 14x16.1 flotation tires. stk# 33101........................................ $18,000 (G)

Check our Website www.hovenequipment.com

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A36

JIM NIELSEN TRUCK & PARTS, INC. P.O. Box 3072 • 4075 Wynne Avenue • Butte, Montana 59702 • (406) 494-3394 • Mobile (406) 565-7235 Inventory Available

2006 International 4300 with 22-ft. Chevron roll back wheel lift. Low actual miles. Like new......... $33,500 1994 International 4700 20-ft. van, electric gate, new roll door. Low actual miles. Like new........... $10,500 1990 Fruehauf 48-ft. shop & parts trailer, excellent condition...................................................... $14,000

Call for More Information

Aluminum & steel fuel tanks.

2006 Freightliner complete hood, good condition.

Wide selection truck transmissions drop ins & axles.

1991 GMC Top Kick complete cab.

Wide selection, medium & heavy truck doors.

(4) Used hoist assemblies, scissor & center post.

Large selection, medium duty truck hoods.

(30) Steel wheels, hub, pilot and Budd.

(36) Transport chains and binders, 3/8 through 3/4 hi tensile.

Nathan Soley, left, and Brian Wilsey adjust the bags covering flowering plants in a restored plot of prairie southwest of Ames in fall of 2025.

The bags prevent animal pollination, part of their research studying how pollinators affect plant diversity. Photo by Christopher Gannon/ Iowa State University.

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Link between pollinators and diverse landscapes is a two-way street

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Ecologists have long seen a strong connection between biodiversity and pollinators – the butterflies, birds, bats, bees and other insects that help the flowers they snack on by transferring pollen from male anthers to female stigma.

Previous research has shown diverse landscapes draw more pollinators, as a wider variety of pollen and nectar attracts attention from a wider variety of animals – some which only feed on certain plants. Essentially, pollinators go where the food is, said Brian Wilsey, a professor of ecology, evolution and organismal biology at Iowa State University.

A recent study by Wilsey and doctoral graduate Nathan Soley showed the converse is also true: Pollinators support diversity in plant communities. In an article published this month in Ecology, Wilsey and Soley described a four-year experiment they conducted in plots of restored prairie that examined how plant diversity was affected by purposely protecting wildflowers from pollinators. Among animalpollinated plants, viable seed production fell by 50% and the diversity of species fell by 27%, they found.

“Our study is the first we are aware of to show that plant biodiversity at the community level can be limited by a lack of pollinators,” Wilsey said.

Handling 68,000 flowers The study was inspired by a familiar dynamic in prairie restoration areas, said Wilsey, a grassland ecologist. When first planted, restorations usually feature a varied assortment of species that includes wildflowers. However, windpollinated grasses will often dominate within a few years, crowding out other types of plants. A lack of pollinators could help explain those rapid shifts, if they play a role in maintaining biodiversity.

Ecologists have assumed pollinators support biodiversity, but the relatively scant amount of research quantifying the effect has focused on individual species, Soley said.

“Things get a lot more complicated at a community level,” he said. “I think it’s important to test our assumptions if we’re going to be all in on pollinators.”

Wilsey and Soley’s experiment was conducted on about 50 acres of university land south of Ames. In 54 circular plots 2 meters wide, the researchers covered flowers with sheer fabric bags that let light in but kept pollinators out.

They also augmented pollination in the flowers of another set of plots by transferring pollen by hand, using Q-tips and small paint brushes. Over four growing seasons, they either bagged or hand-pollinated about 68,000 flowers during their weekly trips to the study site, Soley said.

Wilsey and Soley measured seed production and biodiversity within each of the plots, comparing data from areas where pollination was enhanced or prohibited to undisturbed control plots. While the effects became more dramatic over time, it was clear in the first year that the exclusion treatments would have an impact because pollen visibly piled up inside the flower bags, Soley said.

The study’s results suggest significant declines in pollinators could cause biodiversity losses that further reduce pollinator populations, causing a self-reinforcing downward trend in both that the researchers call a “plant-pollinator extinction vortex.”

“Before this study, I would have never thought that pollinators were this important to maintaining biodiversity. It really opened my eyes,” Wilsey said.

CONTINUED ON PAGE A37

Link between pollinators and diverse landscapes is a two-way street CONTINUED FROM PAGE A36

Implications for restorations Pollinators are essential because of their role in food production. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, about 35% of global food crops depend on animal pollination to reproduce, making the seeds and fruits that humans harvest.

In addition to providing critical support for pollinators and other wildlife, diverse landscapes improve water and soil quality. In prairies, which used to cover most of Iowa, a variety of life makes ecosystems more resilient to droughts, floods and invasive species. Beyond pollinators, the known pro-biodiversity factors include low nutrient availability, proximity to other quality habitat and a lack of human degradation, Wilsey said.

One major implication of knowing pollinators help maintain plant biodiversity is the need to consider the presence of pollinator habitat when establishing prairie restoration areas. That’s especially true for urban projects, Wilsey said. The human-enhanced pollination plots in the study showed no change in biodiversity when compared to the control plots, an indication that there were sufficient bees and other pollinators in the area. But that’s less likely to be the case in more human-impacted environments.

Future experiments could use the same methods in different settings to see how much of a difference pollinators make for biodiversity when there are other complicating factors, Wilsey said.

The experiment, now entering its seventh year, is continuing at the study plots near Ames. It’s time-intensive work, but it’s worth it to better understand how pollinators and plant communities affect each other, Soley said.

“These mutualisms are important to preserve,” he said.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A37

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A38

NEW HDPE PIPE – IN STOCK –

INDUSTRIAS AMERICA 1” – 11/4” –MANY 11/2” –SIZES 2”HEADER – OF 3” & 4” x 200 psi TRAILERS

Use for irrigation, stock waterTorsion or drinking water.

Suspension, Brakes, LED Lights • Marflex Just Great simple sprayers 48-ft....$10,495 45-ft....$10,295 Red stripe for electrical use. 50-ft....$10,995 Yellow stripe for natural gas use. 40-ft...$9995 (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid axles. MANY MORE!!

Starting at $39,995 Also available 3/4” to 2” SIDR TURF/IRRIGATION HDPE pipe 3/4” - 4” orange smooth wall HDPE conduit HDPE pipe available in 20 to 50-ft. lengths from 6” to 66” diameter MANY OF -INDUSTRIAS MANY AMERICA SIZES OF INDUSTRIAS AMERICA Pipe& is available by the stick -SIZES coil - reel truckload Westfield Hutchison HEADER Heavy Duty Dirt Blade TRAILERS

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Torsion Suspension, Brakes, LED LightsTorsion Suspension, Brakes, LED Lights • Marflex Call Ed at Big Sky Pipe – Great Falls, MT 40-ft...$9995 • Marflex 12-ft...$9995 14-ft...$10,995 Just Great simple sprayers 48-ft....$10,495 45-ft....$10,295 Industrias America Just50-ft....$10,995 Great simple sprayers 50-ft....$10,995 48-ft....$10,495 45-ft....$10,295 40-ft...$9995 16-ft...$11,995 (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid axles.

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14-ft....$3295 12-ft....$2995 HEADER TRAILERS 10-ft....$2895 Torsion Suspension, Brakes, LED Lights Just Great simple sprayers 50-ft....$10,995 48-ft....$10,495 45-ft....$10,295 40-ft...$9995 MANYatSIZES AMERICA (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid axles. MANY MORE!!

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Westfield & Hutchison HEADER TRAILERS Heavy Duty Dirt Blade Augers Available!!

Industrias America Westfield & Hutchison Torsion Suspension, Brakes, LED Lights • Marflex Heavy Duty America Dirt Blade 12-ft...$9995 14-ft...$10,995 Skid Steer Augers Available!! 48-ft....$10,495 Just Great simple sprayers Industrias 50-ft....$10,995 45-ft....$10,295 40-ft...$9995 16-ft...$11,995 Ironcraft Batwing Mower 12-ft...$9995 8-ft. Heavy Duty Bucket Grapple 14-ft...$10,995 Snow Pusher (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid axles.

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Industrias America Starting$3195 at $39,995 15-ft...$16,995 12-ft...$15,995 Heavy Duty Bucket Mount 16-ft...$11,995 HD Box Blades Made USA Westfield &inHutchison 14-ft....$3295 12-ft....$2995 12-ft....$3395 10-ft....$2995 Heavy Duty Dirt Blade Augers Available!!

10-ft....$2895 7-ft....$2595 MANY SIZES OF INDUSTRIAS AMERICA

12-ft...$9995 14-ft...$10,995 Many more sizes and types HEADER TRAILERS 16-ft...$11,995

Industrias America Snow Pusher Heavy Duty Bucket Mount

14-ft....$3295

12-ft....$2995

Industrias America 10-ft....$2895 Snow Pusher

Replacement heifers vs. finishing heifers – Feeding in confinement

By Karla Wilke, Nebraska Extension Cow/Calf Systems and Stocker Management Specialist After wildfires recently ravaged over 800,000 acres across Nebraska many cattle producers, now short on grass and hay, may be contemplating how to manage replacement heifers this spring and summer. While many ranchers may prefer not to develop replacement heifers in a drylot, heifers can be successfully developed and bred in confinement.

Due to extensive drought and/or fire, producers in farming areas or feedlot managers may agree to take in heifers to develop because they have access to grain and various silages that can be used for cattle rations. Understanding the needs of the replacement heifer and how they differ from a finishing heifer are very important for successful development and breeding.

Rate of Gain A replacement heifer, from weaning to breeding, may only need to gain 1.25 pounds/day to reach her target breeding weight. A finishing heifer may be on an aggressive growing diet gaining 3 pounds per day, or a finishing diet targeting over 3 pounds/day gain. These are very different goals and therefore, very different rations.

Example Rations Below are example rations for replacement heifers targeting 1.25 pounds/day gain and finishing heifers on an accelerated growing ration targeting 3 pounds/day gain.

Torsion Suspension, Brakes, LED Lights Marflex • •Marflex Heavy Duty Bucket Mount Just Greatsimple simple sprayers 50-ft....$10,995 40-ft...$9995 MANY48-ft....$10,495 SIZES45-ft....$10,295 OF INDUSTRIAS AMERICA Just Great sprayers Westfield & Hutchison Industrias America 14-ft....$3295 12-ft....$2995 (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid axles. MANY MORE!!

Starting at $39,995 Heavy Duty Dirt Blade Augers SkidAvailable!!

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Heavy Duty Bucket Grapple 12-ft...$9995 14-ft...$10,995 Industrias America Industrias America Industrias America Industrias America Torsion Suspension, Brakes, LED Lights Industrias America Torsion Suspension, Brakes, LED Lights • Marflex HEADER TRAILERS $3195 HEADER HD Payloader Bucket TRAILERS 15-ft...$16,995 12-ft...$15,995 MANY SIZES OF INDUSTRIAS AMERICA Skid Steer 16-ft...$11,995 HD Box Blades Snow Pusher Fuel Trailer Torsion Suspension, Brakes, LED Lights Made in USA ust Great simpleGrapple sprayers Torsion Suspension, Brakes, LED40-ft...$9995 Lights 50-ft....$10,995 48-ft....$10,495 45-ft....$10,295 HEADER TRAILERS MANY SIZES OF 48-ft....$10,495 INDUSTRIAS AMERICA Ironcraft Batwing Mower • Marflex Industrias America 12-ft....$3395 10-ft....$2995 8-ft. Heavy Duty Bucket Grapple 50-ft....$14,995 45-ft....$10,295 40-ft...$9995 Baffles, DEF Tank ers Heavy Duty Bucket Mount Industrias America 50-ft....$10,99510-ft...$6599 48-ft....$10,495 45-ft....$10,295 40-ft...$9995 9-ft....$5995 Torsion Suspension, Brakes, LED Lights HEADER TRAILERS Just Great simple sprayers Industrias America • Marflex 50-ft....$10,995 48-ft....$10,495 45-ft....$10,295 40-ft...$9995 HD Pivot Track Filler 7-ft....$2595 $3195 15-ft...$16,995 12-ft...$15,995 (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid axles.

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990 gallon....$8295 750 gallon....$7495 tarting at $39,995 (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid axles.

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14-ft....$3295 12-ft....$2995 95 HD Box Blades Just Great simple sprayers Torsion Suspension, Brakes, LED Lights 50-ft....$10,995 48-ft....$10,495 45-ft....$10,295 40-ft...$9995 (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid axles.

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Skid Steer • Marflex $4995 Many more sizes and types Westfield & Hutchison Made in USA (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid axles.

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Starting at $39,995 500 gallon....$6995 10-ft....$2895 Just Great simple sprayers 12-ft....$3395 10-ft....$2995 50-ft....$10,995 48-ft....$10,495 45-ft....$10,295 40-ft...$9995 (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid MANYBatwing MORE!!

Heavy Duty Dirt Blade Ironcraft Mower Starting at $39,995 8-ft.

Heavy Duty Bucket Grapple Augers Available!!

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INDUSTRIAS AMERICA Industrias America (441) 41-ft....$6995 solid axles.

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7-ft....$2595 Starting at $39,995 $3195 12-ft...$9995 14-ft...$10,995 15-ft...$16,995 12-ft...$15,995 HEADERIndustrias TRAILERS HD Box Blades America Many more sizes and types Made in USA 16-ft...$11,995 12-ft....$3395 10-ft....$2995 Torsion Suspension, Snow Brakes,Pusher LED Lights • Marflex 7-ft....$2595 Heavy45-ft....$10,295 Duty Bucket Mount 40-ft...$9995 Just Great simple sprayers 50-ft....$10,995 48-ft....$10,495 Industrias America America Industrias Industrias America Many more sizes and types hison 14-ft....$3295 12-ft....$2995 Industrias(441) America 41-ft....$6995 solid axles. MANY MORE!!

Starting at $39,995 HD Payloader Bucket Heavy Duty Dirt Blade Skid Steer Skid Steer !

10-ft....$2895 Fuel Trailer Westfield & Hutchison Grapple Industrias America Industrias America Heavy Duty Grapple Bucket America 12-ft...$9995 14-ft...$10,995 Industrias America Ironcraft Batwing MowerIndustrias Westfield Hutchison Heavy Duty Dirt 8-ft.

Heavy Duty& Bucket Grapple & Industrias America Baffles, DEF TankBlade Westfield Hutchison Industrias America Augers Available!!

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A39

SPRAYER & DRILL FOR SALE

to support working capital needs as it exU.S. Department of Agriculture Rural John Deere 60-ft. air drill, 1830 plow, with tow behind 1910 Development announced that the 2026 Valuepands production and distribution of its cart...................................................................... $65,000 Added Producer Grant (VAPG) application Montana‑made honey products. The funding Apache AS1020 sprayer with 1800 hours, 1000 gallon tank, 100-ft. boom. Well maintained, shedded.... $78,000 period is officially open, offering Montana will help the business strengthen its brand John Deere 9770 STS combine, 2) 35-ft. MacDon Headagricultural producers an opportunity to secure presence, reach new markets, and continue ers, E-3499 & S-2373. Well maintained, shedded........... funding that supports business growth, prodits long tradition of local honey production. ............................................................................ $75,000 A Montana Success Story: Previous VAPG uct development, and expanded market access.

Please leave message at recipient Montana Prime Meats of Fort Smith Producers may apply for up to $200,000 (406) 627-2405 or (406) 590-3086 demonstrates the program’s long-term impact. in working capital and $50,000 for planning As highlighted by the Montana Ag Network, activities, which may be used for processing, the ranch‑to‑table beef business has expanded packaging, labeling, payroll, marketing, disprocessing capacity, strengthened partnerships tribution, feasibility studies, business plans, with local ranchers, and increased access to and other eligible operational costs for up to high-quality Montana beef for consumers in 36 months. The program requires a 1:1 match, larger communities like Billings. Their growth ensuring long-term investment in project shows how VAPG funding helps producers sustainability. build resilient, value-driven business models “VAPG is one of USDA’s most impactful that keep more dollars in rural communities. tools for helping producers capture more value These investments reflect USDA Rural from the goods they work so hard to raise Development’s commitment to helping Monand grow,” said USDA Rural Development Montana State Director Bill Warden. “We entana producers innovate, diversify, and build stronger rural economies by moving beyond courage Montana producers to take advantage raw commodity sales and into value‑added of this opportunity to expand their markets, markets. diversify their operations, and strengthen rural How to Apply - Applications are being aceconomies.”

Contact Larry Johnson, PO Box 13, USDA Rural Development is also announccepted through the Grant Application Portal Kremlin, Montana 59532 until April 22, 2026. Interested applicants in ing $1,049,900 in new investments supporting Montana should contact Marlee Johnston at five Montana producers through the 2025 Phone (406) 372-3227 or (406) 390-2192 marlee.johnston@usda.gov or 406‑312‑0189.

VAPG program: 4 Diamond Ranch at Wallrock – Park County – $250,000 4 Diamond Ranch will use its grant to expand distribution of its direct‑to‑consumer beef products, sourced from its grassfed, grass‑finished American Wagyu herd. Funding will support working capital needs Formulated in Kremlin, MT as the ranch scales up processing, packaging, and marketing to meet growing demand for premium Montana beef.

Big Mountain Ciderworks – Flathead County – $250,000 This family‑owned orchard and cider house will use its grant to support working capital for the production and distribution of its locally crafted hard ciders. The funding will help Big Mountain Ciderworks increase production capacity, enhance marNow Available - GLUPEX 280SL keting efforts, and reach new A non-selective herbicide for post-emergence broadcast use on canola, sweet corn[*], field corn, cotton, soybean, and sugar beet[*] designated as wholesale and retail markets LibertyLink® or glufosinate resistant. GLUPEX 280SL may be used for across the region. weed control in non-LibertyLink® or non-glufosinate resistant cotton when Mannix Brothers Ranch – applied with a hooded sprayer in-crop. GLUPEX 280SL may also be applied as a broadcast burndown application before planting or prior to emerPowell County – $250,000 gence of canola, sweet corn[*], field corn, cotton, soybean, or sugar beet[*] Mannix Brothers Ranch will designated as LibertyLink® or glufosinate resistant and any conventional use its award to process, canola, sweet corn[*], field corn, cotton, soybean, or sugar beet. GLUPEX package, and deliver its pas280SL may be used for post-emergence weed control on olives, listed tree, vine and berry crops. GLUPEX 280SL may also be applied for potato vine ture‑raised beef products to a desiccation. [*Not for use in California.] broader customer base. The grant will support expanded marketing, distribution, and Carbon 375 is a carbon based nutrient with a negative charged carbon particle that offers working capital needs as enhanced uptake of soil nutrients. Negative the ranch continues to grow charged nano carbon provides excellent suspenCheck us out for all your sprayer its direct‑to‑consumer and sion of tank products with 30% more delivery into leaf wholesale channels. parts & supplies! Including hose, phloem.

Shepherd of the Bees – Compatable with all Dawson County – $49,900 spray systems valves, fittings & more!

Shepherd of the Bees will use its grant to expand the market for its value‑added honey products, including items made from raw honeycomb. Funding will support LIQUID - DRY - ANHYDROUS packaging, marketing, and “Your Crop distribution efforts to help the Production business reach new customSpecialist” ers and increase production capacity.

Wustner Brothers Honey – Missoula County – $250,000 Kremlin, MT This family‑owned honey producer will use its grant

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Ag Wise, Inc. 406-372-3200

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A40

STRAW FOR SALE

250 plus 3-ft. x 3-ft. bales of 2024 barley straw, tarped. Make offer on part or all.

Phone (406) 220-0884 or (406) 404-4753 Boyd Ranches, Clyde Park, MT

Scasta appointed Interim Director of UW Extension

programming. Housed within the College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, UW Extension serves communities across the state with the support of federal, state and county funding.

As UW Extension’s interim director, Scasta will support personnel in county offices across the state in addition to working with college leadership and campus-based specialists.

“Derek is exceptionally well qualified for this role, bringing more than a decade of experience serving Wyoming as UW’s Extension rangeland specialist, and more Carry over recently, as the director of the Laramie Reand discounted search and Extension Center,” Dean Crane comments. “Derek’s deep commitment to units savings serving Wyoming communities and his demonstrated successes in extension make him up to $1600 an excellent choice to lead UW Extension during this transition.”

Scasta entered the extension system in North of Great Falls, MT 2004 after graduating from Texas A&M University with a bachelor’s degree in rangeland countryclipper.com ecology and management.

(406) 727-9994 As a county agent in west Texas, Scasta not only fielded questions from agricultural producers, but also coordinated 4-H events like county fair and contributed to community-based initiatives outside his area of academic training.

As he learned from personal experience, “Extension is here to help address local needs. I realized I had this obligation to local folks to be available, accountable, and to have integrity.

Graze r e P 1 n It’s really about listening to i 500 Yearl 28 Ton Silage f Ga N) o . i s n people, identifying what the b 130 A gs on a .5 l (69% TD * 3 Pasco, WA problems are and trying to c Day t. Cattle for 30re Pivot solve those problems.”

5-7 w Days Scasta earned a master’s in crop science from Texas Tech University in 2008, * Jesse Norcutt, Currant, NV followed by a PhD in natural resource ecology and manGreenway Seeds Grazing Corn (GX80) is the No. 1 grazing corn in the nation agement at Oklahoma State because it is 5-6 days earlier than the competition.

University, with the goal of becoming an extension This allows the rancher to plant 5-6 days later and still reach peak specialist. sugar content (pre tassel) before the frost shuts you down!

In 2014, Scasta accepted a rangeland management specialist position at UW, a role that also included teaching and research responsibilities. In 2024, he was named Plant with a grain drill following second cutting on an older field alfalfa. Ready to graze in early September. director of the Laramie R&E Center.

“We planted GX80 following second cut alfalfa. If we had to do that over we would follow third cut. We grazed 400 head for While he will continue two weeks on 20 acres” Cory Veterre - Greenriver, Utah to mentor UW students and conduct research, Scasta welcomes the opportunity to return to extension as Casey Calvin - Monte Vista, CO interim director. In addition We grazed lambs on GX80. They ate it all the way to the ground. Unbelievable! (See website for photos) to supporting county educaCrawford Cattle - Winnemucca, NV tors, he looks forward to Planted mid July, it was way over our heads. We were surprised as to how long we were able to graze. We also baled some of it. We’re strengthening relationships buying again. with stakeholders across the Cory Miller - Grass Valley Farm, Missoula, MT state, from community orgaWe planted our GX80 under wheel lines and watered heavily. This was key as the corn grew 7ft tall! nizations and state agencies Tom Kerns for Mike Becker Ranch - Baker, OR to legislators and industry We were able to carry 14 A.U.M.’s per acre with our late season grazing of GX80. partners.

FREE SWEET CORN Jesse Norcutt - Currant, NV “Extension is fundamenWe cut and baled the GX80 at pre-tussel. It was fed to 5-7 wt. cattle, and they gained 31/2 lbs/day SEED WITH ORDERS! tally about people, relationships, communities and extending the resources of UW “Modern Forages Sold Alan Greenway to all corners of the state to Nationwide And Canada” Seedsman help solve problems and enOver 50 Years Experience hance quality of life,” Scasta notes. “That resonates with Greenway Seeds G R E E N WAY S E E D S Caldwell, ID me because I care about the w w w. g r e e n w a y s e e d . c o m Alan Greenway people and communities of 208-250-0159 (cell) Wyoming.”

Warehouses in Caldwell, ID and Deerfield, WI 208-454-8342 (message) Scasta can be contacted at jscasta@uwyo.edu or (307) 766-5124.

The University of Wyoming welcomes Professor John Derek Scasta, director of the Laramie Research and Extension Center, as interim director of UW Extension.

Prior to his current role as director of the Laramie R&E Center, Scasta served as UW Extension’s rangeland management specialist for more than a decade. He will assume his interim appointment with UW Extension Monday, April 27, following the departure of current director Mandy Marney.

“On behalf of the College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, I want to extend my sincere gratitude to Dr. Mandy Marney for her dedicated leadership and service as our associate dean and UW Extension director,” says Kelly Crane, Farm Credit Services of America Dean in the College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources. “At the same time, I am pleased to welcome Dr. Derek Scasta as the interim associate dean and UW Extension director.”

As part of the national land-grant university system, UW Extension provides lifelong learning opportunities for Wyoming residents through county and statewide

GREENWAY’S

GRAZING CORN

OVERSEED ALFALFA with Grazing Corn

HERE’S WHAT RANCHERS ARE SAYING

Trader’s Dispatch, Mayl 2026 — Page A41

AG & STEEL SUPPLY 406.390.1110

Now offering the newest genera@on of livestock prods on the market! The Hornet 2600 livestock prods by HerculesAG are rechargeable, impact and water resistant

CALL US AT 406.390.1110 FOR ALL YOUR STEEL NEEDS Hedman, Inc. is now your local Redneck Blinds dealer!

Stocking the 6x6 and 6x7 HunXng Box Blinds

8’ Hydraulic Freedom Trailer Length: 196” Width: 95” Height with blind: 109”

Key Features: Dexter 3,500-lb axle, 3/16” square tubing for the main frame, blind support structure is 1/8” square tubing, 8-V to the top of the base when extended, 11-12-V of height at line of site from blind, 4 outrigger jacks, and electric over hydraulic pump system

CATTLE HANDLING & LIVESTOCK EQUIPMENT

Calf Shelters | 8-V x 23-V

Ca6le Guards | Constructed with all new material. CaGle guard kits available.

UTV Ca6le Guards | EZ InstallaOon w/ overhead $900 Feedbunks | 20-V x 38-in x12-in | 1ga & Heavy-duty legs | AddiOonal sizes and boGomless available Free Standing Panels Hay Chix Hay Nets Heavy-Duty Hay Feeders | Designed to waste less hay | Single, double, triple bale opOons + Horse hay feeders Insulated & Uninsulated Fiberglass Water Tanks | 5x12 & 7x12 | Single & Double Drinkers Available | 7x20 & 10-V round Mineral Feeder Portable Panels| 1”x1.5” rectangular tubing | 13ga | 7-rail | 130-lb | 68” tall x 10’8” long| Chain latch Portable Panels| 12ga &14ga 1.66” OD tubing | 10-V heavy & 12-V standard | Latches to Winkel panels Portable Panel Trailer $2,780 Portable Buildings Portable Loading Chute Portable Windbreaks Rubber Tire Water Tank| 12-V Stur-D Alleyway / Lead-up | 24-V, staOonary, adjustable width w/ rolling door

FENCING

Post Drivers Montana Post Driver | 10 FREE Brace Rails w/ purchase T-Rex Post Driver | Fork Mount $3,050, Center Mount $3,750, Side Mount $4,650 Redi Driver Classic

STEEL

MISCELLANEOUS

3/4”& 1” SCH 40 BLACK Pipe | 21-V lengths Round Tubing | 1.25” 14ga | 1.66” 14ga Secondary Square Tubing | Various sizes available Rectangular Tubing | 0.75x1.25.11ga | 20-V lengths

Bolt Together Fence Brace | 9.5-V brace rail with hardware $42 | Wire gate latches for 2-7/8 posts

5” GALVANIZED OCTAGON TUBING | 39-V lengths

Gates | 12ga & 14ga OD Tubing 10-V & 12-V bow gates Corral Gates: 6-bar | 8, 10, 12, 14, & 16-V Posts

Semi load quantities of used 2-3/8 and 2-7/8 pipe available!

2-7/8” x 6-V, 2-7/8” x 8-V, 2-7/8” x 10-V | Pipe can be cut to length

ATTACHMENTS

ConXnuous Fence | 6-rail 1.25” 14-ga 20-V long | 6-rail 1.66” 14-ga 20-V long SuperSteel / Steel Decking | 36”x24’ 22ga galvanized SuperSteel | Great for windbreaks, corrals, etc.

Used Guard Rail | 2-rail + Galvanized | I-Beam posts 9-V

May 2026

Pallet Forks

Bale Spears

Box Scraper

AC Delco Ba6eries | Stocking 1/2 Ton pickup thru heavy equipment baGeries BOLTS | Grade 5 & Grade 8 | Metric bolt assortment Cee & Zee Purlin| Structural framework in buildings Diablo Metal & Wood Cu[ng Saw Blades Fiberglass Sucker Rod | 1.25” 37-V Good Used Fuel Tanks | 100-200-gal Gopher Bait & Mouse Poison + Bait Boxes Knipex Tools Skidsteer Light Material Buckets | 3/16” plate Heavy-Duty Cable | 1-3/8” Tow Ropes | Various sizes up to 200,000-lb breaking strength Shipping Containers | 20-V New | 40-V New & Used Skidsteer Plates $213 Bale Spears $110 2”X27’ Ratchet Strap $16 5/16” Grade 70 Transport Chain 20’ $47 3/8” Grade 70 Transport Chain 20’ $63 Lever Chain Binders 5/16-3/8”$32 Ratchet Chain Binders 5/16-3/8”$44 ESAB Wire Flux Core .045 CS 15 33# $248 Steel Work Bench 6-V $395

Hedman, Inc. | 62 Hedman Drive | Grass Range, MT 59032 | 406.390.1110

Hornet 2600 Livestock Prods

*Prices Subject to Change

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A42

RETIRED- MACHINERY FOR SALE

• 2011 John Deere 9330 tractor, (Pre-Def), 710/70R38 duals, good rubber, 3440 hours.

• Brandt 1552 LF conveyor, hardly used.

• Summers 32-ft. colter disc. Good condition.

• 1992 Peterbilt 379 semi truck, Pre-Def and Pre-Electric logs, tag axle, 1,385,825 miles, NEW Cat 3406B engine at 1,300,000 miles, clean and well-maintained truck and a 2020 Wilson DWH-650 Pacesetter 41-ft. trailer, Shurco electric tarp, air ride, aluminum wheels.

For more information, please contact: (406) 796-2244 or (406) 796-2431

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2 W Custom and Full Service Manure Spreading 4 2 Spreader trucks available 4 We also offer side dump hauling for long hauls

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NEW HEADACHE RACK DESIGN: 4” WIDE, LOUVERED, STRIP LIGHTING AND BACK-LIT NAME BADGE 3.5” SQUARE TUBING ARMS ON ALL MODELS 8” LONGER ARMS ON SINGLE WHEEL BEDS COMPREHENSIVE LED BED LIGHTING FULL LINE OF ACCESSORIES 3 FORMS OF CONTROL

Asian Longhorned TickAn emerging threat to U.S. livestock

By Dave Boxler, Nebraska Extension Educator Asian Longhorned Ticks have been found in neighboring states. Heavy infestations can cause severe blood loss, weakness, abortions, and death. What should you look for?

How should I control these ticks?

Key Points for Producers The Asian Longhorned Tick has not yet been confirmed in Nebraska, but it has been detected in nearby states including Kansas and Iowa.

This tick can reproduce without mating, allowing populations to increase rapidly once introduced.

Asian Longhorned Tick can transmit Theileria orientalis Ikeda, a parasite that causes theileriosis in cattle.

Routine inspection of cattle during handling is one of the most effective ways to detect ticks early.

Integrated management, including insecticides, pasture management, and careful inspection of new cattle, can help reduce risk.

Why the Asian Longhorned Tick Is a Concern An invasive tick capable of reproducing rapidly and transmitting disease to cattle has been detected in states neighboring Nebraska, making awareness and early detection increasingly important for livestock producers.

Although the Asian Longhorned Tick (ALHT) has not yet been confirmed in Nebraska, its detection in nearby states such as Kansas and Iowa (Figure 1) suggests that producers in the region should remain alert. Early detection is important because this tick has the potential to establish quickly once it is introduced into favorable environments. Producers should be particularly watchful when cattle are grazing in areas with tall grass, brush, wooded edges, or moist, low-lying habitats where ticks tend to survive and reproduce more easily.

One reason the Asian Longhorned Tick is a concern is its ability to transmit pathogens that affect livestock. Of particular importance is Theileria orientalis Ikeda, a protozoan parasite that infects cattle and causes a disease known as theileriosis. Infected cattle may experience anemia, weakness, reduced appetite, and abortions in severe cases. Heavy tick infestations alone can also cause problems by removing large amounts of blood, which may lead to stress, weakness, and in extreme cases death.

Rapid Reproduction and Population Growth A unique biological characteristic of the Asian Longhorned Tick is its ability to reproduce without mating. In the United States, populations appear to reproduce primarily through parthenogenesis, meaning females can produce offspring without males. As a result, all offspring are female and capable of reproducing themselves. This allows tick populations to increase rapidly.

A single female can lay between 900 and 3,000 eggs before dying. Under favorable environmental conditions, development from egg to adult can occur in roughly three months, allowing populations to build quickly during the grazing season.

Detecting Ticks on Cattle Routine inspection of cattle is one of the most effective ways to detect potential tick problems early. Producers should examine animals whenever they are handled for routine management activities such as vaccination, pregnancy checking, branding, or sorting. Special attention should be given to areas where ticks commonly attach, including around the eyes, ears, neck, brisket, tail head, udder, and along the inside of the legs. Because Asian Longhorned Ticks are very small, often the size of a sesame seed, —they can easily be overlooked during quick visual checks.

If producers suspect the presence of unusual ticks or heavy infestations, they should collect several specimens and place them in a small container with alcohol for preservation. These samples can then be submitted to a veterinarian or local Extension office for proper identification. Early reporting helps animal health officials monitor the potential spread of invasive ticks and provide guidance on appropriate management practices.

Management and Prevention Strategies Management of Asian Longhorned Tick currently relies on integrated approaches that combine insecticide treatments with habitat management. Research indicates that ALHT is highly susceptible to synthetic pyrethroid insecticides.

Whole-animal sprays, pour-on products, and oilers or backrubbers can provide effective control when used properly.

Producers should always follow pesticide label instructions to ensure safe and effective application.

CONTINUED ON PAGE A43

Asian Longhorned TickAn emerging threat to U.S. livestock CONTINUED FROM PAGE A42

Pasture management practices can also help reduce tick exposure. Maintaining shorter grass along wooded edges, limiting cattle access to heavily wooded areas, and rotating pastures may help disrupt the tick life cycle and reduce the number of ticks animal’s encounter. Monitoring cattle regularly and responding quickly when ticks are found are important steps in protecting herd health.

Another important consideration is the introduction of new cattle into a herd. Producers purchasing cattle from other regions should determine whether the animals originated from areas where the Asian Longhorned Tick has been reported. Newly purchased animals should be isolated, when possible, checked for Theileria, carefully inspected for ticks, and treated with an approved tick control product before being turned out with the resident herd. Theileria can also be transmitted by sharing vaccinating needles. Employ good Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) practices.

What Nebraska Producers Should Do Now Producers should monitor cattle for signs that could indicate heavy tick infestations or possible infection with Theileria orientalis. Symptoms may include reduced feed intake, lethargy, fever, breathing difficulty, or abortions in later stages of disease. If cattle become infected, they typically remain carriers for life, and there is currently no direct treatment for theileriosis.

Staying aware of this emerging pest and incorporating routine tick monitoring into herd management programs will help Nebraska producers detect infestations early and respond quickly if the Asian Longhorned Tick eventually appears in the state.

##### At the club championships, a man has a two-foot putt to win the tournament.

When asked if it was a gimme, his playing partner informs him that he would have to hole it out. “You know,” says the man, “a true gentleman would have conceded the putt.” “That may be true,” comes the retort, “but I’m not a gentleman today. . . I’m a golfer.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A43

AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT HAULING “Fast & Efficient” • Moving new and used equipment • Delivery to 48 states and Canada • Regional hauling • Locally owned and operated since 1999

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Map of the United States, showing the presence of Asian Longhorned Ticks from the east coast to central US (Iowa and Kansas).

Start the SEASON off right with a NEW TRACTOR from Musselshell Valley Equipment Co.

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A44

Contact us for a free quote on your farm, ranch, and residential fencing needs.

We offer wildlife friendly fences, all barb wire, woven wire, steel and wooden posts, there are too many options to list!

Our experience and quality materials create a fence that is built for Montana’s harsh weather!

Please reach out to us today at (406) 658-2566 or email us at sunprairieheritage@gmail.com

##### There are five kinds of wine: Red, White, Rose, Sparkling, and dessert wines. ##### Swirling wine in a glass enhances the aroma of the wine. ##### Moderate wine consumption is considered one glass per day for women, and two glasses per day for men.

Trailers. It’s What We Do.

TRAILER (406) 552-1515 XB SALES www.xbtrailer.com

575 Vaughn S. Frontage Rd • Great Falls, MT 2 miles North of the NW Bypass Exit

2026 GR gooseneck stock trailer, 6-ft. 8” x 24-ft. Stock #02320......................$19,950

2026 Lamar gooseneck flatbed trailer, 102” x 32-ft. deckover, triple axle, 25,900 GVWR, 10K electric brake spring axles, dual 10K hydraulic jacks, front tool box, 5-ft. dove, pair of Rhino ramps, LED package. Stock #46715...............$21,950

2025 Lamar utility trailer, 3.5K EZ lube electric brake spring axle, 2” 10K Demco adjustable cast coupler, 2K top-wind flip jack, wrap tongue, straight deck, 4-ft. spring assisted lay-down gate, LED package. Stock #43476..........................$5250

2026 Royal Cargo Trailer by Southland 7-ft. x 16-ft. ramp door, LED Lighting, 86” interior height, side access door. Stock #54172............................................$7950

2026 Maverick slant horse trailer, 3 horse, 7K GVW, tack room, rubber floor mats, spare tire, swing out saddle racks. Stock #74746.........................................$12,950

2026 HT equipment trailer, [2]- 8K EZ lube axles with [2] electric brake, 6-ft. hydraulic dove tail, 10K drop leg jack, KTI EZ connect wireless remote, beaver tail mid span lift 5K, beaver tail hold 4K. Stock #03207......................................... $11,450

2025 Stealth aluminum cargo trailer 7-ft. X 14-ft., ramp door, 6” extra height, 32” x 72” RV style side door, 2-5/16” ball hitch, LED lighting, XLT series, V-nose. Stock #51926............................................$8650

2025 Lamar deckover trailer 102” x 16-ft.

14k deck-over, 7K EZ lube electric brake spring axle(s), front tool box, straight deck, pair of slide-in ramps. Stock #40396............................................$8150

2025 GR equipment tilt deck trailer 82” x 20-ft., 14k GVWR, gravity tilt bed trailer, 2 - 7,000 lbs. brake axles. Stock #09866.. ........................................................$8450

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REGENERATING FARMS AND GARDENS

Chelated Calcium plays a crucial role in the plant’s ability to utilize nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Calcium movement within plant cells signals the presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria, triggering the development of root nodules where these good bacteria reside. Additionally, calcium helps convert nitrate nitrogen into forms needed for protein formation which = more sugars/energy in rotation, improving resiliency to pests and diseases. Got blowing soil? Try CalMax to start fixing it.

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Recipe Patch by Geri

Esquites (Warm Mexican Corn Salad)

6 ears fresh sweet corn, shucked 4 tablespoons (56g) salted butter 2 cloves garlic 1 dry bay leaf 1 tablespoon kosher salt, plus more to taste 2 cups water 1/2 cup mayonnaise 1/4 cup ground ancho chiles or Tajín, divided 4 limes, divided 7 ounces (about 200g) grated queso fresco or cotija cheese 1 cup chopped cilantro leaves and tender stems 3/4 cup (about 200g) Mexican crema Cholula hot sauce, to taste Position a shucked ear of corn upright in a large bowl.

Use a sharp knife to shave the corn kernels from the cob, working down towards the bottom of the bowl. Remove the kernels like this for all the ears of the corn. Discard all but 2 cobs. You’ll add it to the corn while it cooks.

Heat a large saucepan over medium heat. Add the butter and let it melt. Add the corn, reserved cobs, garlic, bay leaf, and salt, and cook for 5 minutes, stirring continuously. Add 2 cups water and bring it up to a boil. Then, reduce the heat to low heat and cover your pot with a lid. Simmer the corn for about 25 minutes, until cooked through.

The two corn cobs flavor the esquites even more as everything cooks together.

Remove the saucepan from the heat. Scoop out and discard the garlic, bay leaf, and cobs. Stir in the mayo, 2 tablespoons ground ancho chili, the juice of 2 limes, half of the queso fresco, and the cilantro. Taste and add more salt, if necessary.

Scoop the corn, including the cooking liquid, into serving bowls.

Refrigerate leftovers tightly covered for up to 3 days. Reheat it in a saucepan over medium heat until nice and steamy, 5 to 6 minutes. You can also reheat it in the microwave for about 1 minute.

You can freeze any leftovers for up to 1 month. Defrost fully overnight in the fridge before reheating.

Sheet Pan Ratatouille

Nonstick cooking spray 1 large (about 1 1/2 pounds) eggplant, trimmed and cut into 1-inch chunks 2 medium summer squash (1 yellow and 1 zucchini), cut into 1-inch chunks 1 red bell pepper, cored and cut into 1-inch chunks 1 medium sweet onion, cut into 1-inch chunks 6 cloves garlic, finely chopped 1/2 teaspoon Aleppo pepper or crushed red pepper flakes 2 cups grape or cherry tomatoes, halved 2 tablespoons chopped fresh basil, parsley, or chives 1/2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper, plus more to taste 3/4 teaspoon kosher salt, plus more to taste Extra-virgin olive oil, for serving Preheat the oven to 425°F. Position oven racks in the upper and lower thirds of the oven. Line two rimmed sheet pans with silicone baking mats or foil. Generously spray each with cooking spray and set aside.

In a large bowl, add the eggplant, summer squash, bell pepper, onion, garlic, and Aleppo pepper. Toss to combine.

Equally divide the vegetables between the two prepared sheet pans. Generously spritz them with nonstick cooking spray. Season with the black pepper, but not the salt! Salt will draw out moisture, making the vegetables too wet as they cook.

Roast the vegetables, rotating the sheet pans and stirring the vegetables once, until they are lightly browned and softened, about 45 minutes.

As soon as you take the vegetables out of the oven, add the tomatoes and basil. Season with 1/2 teaspoon salt and stir to combine.

Taste and adjust for seasoning with salt and black pepper.

Want a more luxurious texture? Drizzle in some olive oil to taste or serve it on the side for drizzling on top. Serve hot, at room temperature, or chilled. Bon appétit, y’all!

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A45

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2025 Polaris Ranger Northstar air conditioning, heat

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2026 28-ft. x 8.5-ft. enclosed trailer, drivers assist door, 3-7K axles, rear ramp

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$69,988 2024 John Deere 184G loader, 130 hours, cab, heat, large bale grapple bucket

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$6900 $10,988 2024 Load Trail triple axles - 7K each, Mega ramps

2025 stand-on mini skid steer, gas engine

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$26,900 John Deere 260 cab, heat, HD bucket, 790 hours

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Bobcat 553 cab, heat, 1100 hours, HD bucket *All units in stock at time of ad approval

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A46

If you have items you want advertised in the June 2026 issue THE VERY LATEST WE CAN ACCEPT THEM is May 27th.

TRAILERS FOR SALE 1966 Utility 48-ft. x 8-ft. three axle trailer...... ..........................................................$12,500

40-ft. livestock trailer, good ranch trailer......... .............................................................$8850

1999 Wabash 53-ft. dry van, 3 axles, nice..... .............................................................$8300

1995 Homemade 34-ft. x 8-ft. pull trailer, 4 axles..................................................$15,000

GRAINLAND DURUM STANLEY DURUM WEYBURN DURUM MT RASKA DURUM DAGMAR HRS ND STAMPEDE HRS AP DAGR HRS SY605CL HRS

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Concrete Stock Water Tanks 600- to 1000-gallon capacity

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Super Fenceline Concrete Feed Bunks

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Three Forks Lumber & Ready Mix Phone 406-285-3281

Three Forks, MT

Identifying challenges, opportunities in agritourism

South Dakota State University Extension has identified key challenges and opportunities operators face in agritourism, an emerging industry in the state.

“Agritourism is so important to rural South Dakota because it strengthens local economies, preserves agricultural heritage and brings new visitors, along with their spending, into small communities,” Peggy Schlechter, SDSU Extension Community Vitality Program Director, said. “It creates additional revenue streams for farmers, supports rural revitalization, and offers authentic experiences that visitors increasingly seek. With agriculture and tourism ranking as South Dakota’s two largest industries, agritourism is a natural fit.”

Schlechter and Xu Li, associate professor of Hospitality, Tourism and Event Management in the SDSU College of Education and Human Sciences, collaborated to collect information from 15 South Dakota agritourism operations along S.D. Highway 14. The conversations revealed four key challenges for agritourism producers: lack of business knowledge and skills, government regulations, time constraints and financial concerns.

“The insights gained are particularly significant for South Dakota, given the dominance of agriculture in its economy and the relative novelty of agritourism,” Schlechter and Li said. “SDSU Extension has a unique opportunity to play a pivotal role in fostering this emerging industry.”

A combination of agriculture and tourism, agritourism is rapidly growing among many U.S. farmers and ranchers. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s most recent Census of Agriculture, conducted in 2022 and released in 2024, 1.5% of the 1.9 million farms in the U.S. were engaged in agritourism. These operations generated a total of $1.26 billion in 2022, representing a 33% increase over the 2017 total of $949.3 million.

Popular agritourism activities include “pick-your-own” produce operations, tours, workshops, hunting, fishing, camping, nature and wildlife observation and seasonal festivals. Schlechter said agritourism abounds with educational and economic possibilities. However, agritourism represents an entirely new business model for many farmers and ranchers.

“We wanted to talk to actual agritourism operators about their operations, their successes, their challenges, resources they used, resources they wish they had, etc.,” said Schlechter. “We can use their responses to help guide future programming/plans. We also found out that a lot of what we have been doing in agritourism is good.”

Agritourism operators identified a lack of business knowledge and skills as their greatest challenge. Things like creating a business plan, customer service, pricing, marketing – many traditional agriculture operators are not sure where to start and cited improving their own business knowledge and skills as crucial to their success.

Another challenge is government regulations. Local government plays a key role in agritourism development, especially in the areas of zoning and permitting, health and safety codes, and tax and fee structures. Most of the agritourism operators interviewed cited challenges, ranging from complicated and lengthy licensing procedures to a lack of understanding of agritourism by the regulatory body in question.

The third major challenge identified was time constraints.

Farmers and ranchers want to share their stories but are often too busy with running their day-to-day operations to carve out extra time for secondary agritourism activities. During the interviews, different operators outline their strategies for creatively managing time and balancing their responsibilities.

Financial concerns were listed as the fourth major challenge faced by agritourism producers. Namely, farmers and ranchers need agritourism activities to generate enough revenue to cover their own operational costs rather than adding another expense. That can make starting a new endeavor, even a secondary one, difficult.

Li and Schlecter said SDSU Extension can further improve in its role supporting agritourism operators through education, facilitation and networking. SDSU Extension Community Vitality has hosted agritourism webinars, workshops and cohort programs, while also providing training and help with business plans and connections to small business resources.

SDSU Extension hopes to focus on addressing the critical knowledge gaps identified by agritourism operators, namely those who struggled with business skills unique to agritourCONTINUED ON PAGE A47

May 17th will be...

World Baking Day Crunchy cookies, chewy brownies, decadent tortes, cute cupcakes, crusty baked bread…baking is an art this world would just not be the same without. Do you even know anyone who could honestly say they don’t have deep, unconditional love for at least one of the above?

History of World Baking Day World Baking day was created by the folks over at worldbakingday.com, who decided it was high time to spread the joy of baking all around the world, especially to those who perhaps don’t bake too often and are not particularly experienced at it. This day is meant to show people just how much fun it can be to make a cake or some cookies, and baking can be a great way to spend time with family and friends.

Not to mention how much fun it is to eat what you’ve made once it’s done!

##### Instead of trying to iron rickrack on the right side of the garment, turn the article.

The rickrack can be pressed perfectly.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page A47

COMBINES & HEADS FOR SALE 2-John Deere STS 9770 combines, 2009 and 2011 with 635D 35-ft. draper heads.

Phone (406) 855-4000

Johnsen Trailer Sales, Inc. Serving the Trucking Industry Since 1959

Quality Built Quality Sold

2100 Industrial Drive Bismarck, ND 58502 701-255-0480 • 800-472-2649

3631 38th Street SW Fargo, ND 58106 701-282-3790 • 800-246-3790

Visit us at: www.johnsentrailer.com

Identifying challenges, CONTINUED FROM PAGE A46

ism. Second, SDSU Extension hopes to strengthen its role as a networking facilitator, connecting agritourism operators with each other and with relevant resources.

“The conversations reveal that operators actively seek peer connections for knowledge sharing and support,” Schlechter and Li said.

Third, Schlechter and Li said SDSU Extension should serve as a resource for agritourism operators by engaging with key stakeholders, including government entities, agricultural and tourism offices, and local economic development organizations. SDSU Extension can help operators navigate complex regulatory requirements through training programs, pre-application consultations and online resources.

“Understanding the needs of South Dakota agritourism operators is critical to better support them and promote agritourism across the state,” said Xu Li. For more information on this research and agritourism in South Dakota, contact Peggy Schlechter, SDSU Extension Community Vitality Program Director; or Xu Li, associate professor of Hospitality, Tourism and Event Management.

2022 Timpte 40x96x72 air ride with ag hoppers. Very clean trailer.

2007 EBY livestock trailer with ground load attachment, 50-ft. tandem axle trailer, in good condition, floors are 75%.

2023 Wilson 29-ft. lead trailer, 25-ft. 6” pup with air operated expandable draw bar. Disc brakes on the set!. ...................................................................... $80,000

2025 Wilson tri axle step deck with beaver tail, 4 aluminum flip over ramps, tire inflation system.

2023 Wilson 48x102x72 tri axle air ride with rear axle lift, hydraulic power doors, Ag Hoppers. Very clean trailer.

2023 Wilson 41x96x78. Quanity 3. Ag Hoppers, strap traps, manual tarp and traps. One owner.

2022 Timpte 40x96x72 air ride Ag Hoppers. Quantity of 20.

2011 Timpte 48x102x78 air ride, triple axle, electric tarp and hydro traps.

2005 48-ft. Utility flatbed, all steel with wood floor, closed tandem spring ride................................................$12,500 View our website for more photos and information.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2025 — Page A48

Stokes Contracting, LLC 1590 Blazen Rd, Conrad, Montana

406-885-0631

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE 2019 Genie S 45 Boomlift, 4x4, Deutz diesel engine, jib, 2250 hours..$29,500

2014 Caterpillar 660 Water Truck, 4000 gallon tank, PTO pump, 6 sprays, hose reel, all new tires, 30,000 total miles, excellent condition......$110,500

2015 Snorket TB 66 Boomlift, 66-ft. lift, Kubota diesel engine, jib... $27,500

2026 Kubota SVL75 Track Skidsteer loader, cab, heat, air conditioner, ride control, auxiliary hydraulics with electrical plug, backup camera, hydraulic quick coupler, 40 total hours... $71,000

Genie GR 20 Manlift, electric, non marking tires.............................. $6250

2020 Deere 824 L Wheel Loader, cab, heat, ac, 6.75 yard bucket, stick steer, 6300 hours, excellent condition........... ............................................. $235,500

Deere 644 EZ Wheel Loader, cab, heat, 3 yard bucket, 3rd valve, clean, low hour machine................... $54,500

2026 Midland TW 3000 Sidedump Trailer, air ride, air lift rear axle, electric tarp, NEW............................... $80,500 Ingersoll Rand 185 CFM Air Compressor, trailer mounted, Deere diesel engine........................................ $9850

2025 Case CX60D Excavator, cab, heat, a/c, front 6 way blade, hydraulic thumb, hydraulic coupler, auxiliary hydraulics, cameras, beacon, radio, 1-ft., 2-ft. and 3-ft. buckets included.

50 hours, like new................... $98,500

2015 Deere 824 K II Wheel Loader, cab, heat, ride control, 6.75 yard bucket, 11k hours, purchased from original owner, fresh service, good rubber, work ready............................ $125,500

Kobelco 35 Mini Excavator, OROPS canopy, hydraulic thumb, front blade, 5700 hours............................. $20,500

2015 JCB 512-56 Telescoping Forklift, 12000# lift, 56-ft. reach, cab, heat, auxiliary hydraulics, oscillating forks, frame leveling, radial tires, 6100 hours, nice machine.......................... $49,500

2019 Hamm H10i Roller, 84” smooth drum with padfoot kit, cab, heat, a/c, 1650 hours, excellent condition........... ............................................... $83,500

2020 Genie GS-1930 Scissor Lift, electric, 19-ft. lift, 30” wide, non marking tires, 55 hours...................... $6450

2025 Midland TC 3000 Belly Dump trailer, 3 axle, air ride, air lift rear axle, electric tarp, push block, side boards.

Excellent condition................. $71,000

2024 Case 370 B Track Skidsteer loader, cab, heat, air, radio, auxiliary hydraulics, hydraulic coupler, hand and foot controls, 310 hours... $53,000

1992 Trail King 12 Ton Tilted Trailer, air brakes, good trailer............ $15,000

2026 Ram 5500 Truck, Cummins diesel engine, auto transmission, new 9-ft. dump bed, new Boss 9-ft. 2” V plow, new Boss salter/sander, backup camera, 1400 total miles, 1 owner....... ............................................... $99,500

1988 Kenworth T800 Fuel/Lube Truck, Series 60 Detroit, jakes, 9 speed, 1000 gallon fuel tank, 5 oil products, oil recovery, nice setup................... $35,500

2024 Wacker Neuson RD 28-120 Double Drum Roller, OROPS, vibratory, Kubota diesel engine, water system......................................... $43,500

2003 Trail-Eze Hydraulic Tail Lowboy trailer, 3 axle, air ride, 102” wide, side extensions to 14-ft.................. $33,900

2022 Ark Jaw Crusher, diesel engine, remote control, self contained on tracks, 52 total hours. Nice little machine....................................... $67,500

2009 Pipe Unrolling Trailer, 5200# axle, electric brakes, good shape........ .................................................. $3500

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B1 2 W Spreading, Choteau MT ...................................................A42 3V Distributing, Conrad MT .................................................... C32 5 Gen, Great Falls, MT ............................................................A10 7 W Enterprises, Inverness MT .............................................. C18 A-Plus Auto, Great Falls MT ................................................... C14 Abilene Machine Inc, Abilene KS.............................................A36 Accelerated Metal Solutions, Glendive MT..............................B16 Acciacca Agriculture Repair, Fairfield MT ....................... A38, C29 Acciacca Sales and Service, Fairfield MT ................................ C2 Action Toys, Billings MT...........................................................B15 Affordable Construction Equipment, Billings & Bozeman MT........ .................................................................................... B18, B19 Affordable Dent Repair, Great Falls MT ................................. C46 Ag Trucks & Equipment, Great Falls MT ................................ C21 Ag Wise, Kremlin MT ...............................................................A39 AgraSyst Dealers.....................................................................A38 Aldrich Lumber Co., Billings MT ................................................A3 ASH Supply, St. Ignatius, MT ..................................................B22 Badland Truck Sales, Glendive MT .........................................B21 Ben Taylor, Valier & Shelby MT .............................................. C25 Big Equipment Co., Havre MT ................................................ C39 Big Sky Equipment, Conrad MT ............................................. C33 Big Sky Harley-Davidson/Great Falls Powersports/Big Sky Trailer Sales, Great Falls MT ...................................................C8, C34 Big Sky Mahindra, Great Falls MT...........................................B24 Big Sky Pipe, Great Falls MT ..................................................A38 Big Sky Sawmill & Wood Products, Vaughn MT ..................... C12 Big Sky Wholesale Seeds, Shelby MT ....................................A26 Billings Farm & Ranch Supply, Billings MT..............................A36 BTI Feeds, Cut Bank MT ........................................................ C25 Bouma Truck Sales, Choteau, Great Falls MT ................. INSERT Bull Mountain Fencing, Yoder, Dan, Roundup MT...................A16 Cahill Seeds, Scobey MT ........................................................A46 Cascade Machine & Supply, Great Falls MT .......................... C46 Central Heating & Air Conditioning, Billings, MT .....................B17 Centrol Crop Consulting LLC, Brady & Conrad MT .................B14 CHS Big Sky, MT .................................................................... C40 Churchill Equipment, Manhattan MT .........................................A8 Churchill Trailer, Co., Belgrade MT......................................... C15 Clearview Seed, Denton MT......................................................A7 Crown Agro, Dust Helmet, Center ND .................................... C44 Cut Bank Tire, Cut Bank MT ................................................... C20 D & S Auto & Trailer Sales, Mandan ND ................................ C12 Dakota Truck & Farm, Minot ND..............................................A17 DBL Sales & Service, Coffee Creek MT ................................. C38 Dickinson Truck Equipment, Dickinson ND .............................B23 Doane Western of Montana, Bozeman MT ............................ C37 Double Diamond Truck & Equipment Sales, Missoula MT ...... C4 Equipment Share, Billings, MT ................................................A37 Evergreen Wood Products, Moore MT ....................................B15 Flaman Rentals, Power MT .............................................. B6, B15 Fort Benton Realty, Fort Benton MT ....................................... C34 Fox Ford, Wolf Point MT......................................................... C40 Frank Merchant Roofing, Great Falls MT ................................A26 Fraser’s Oil Inc., Inverness MT............................................... C26 Frieling’s Agricultural Equipment, Great Falls MT ......................... .................................................... A25, B1, B17, C19, C35, C48 Frontline Ag Solutions Dillon, Dillon MT ................................. C41 Frontline Ag Solutions, Multiple locations MT .................C44, C45 Genesis BioChar, Somers MT ................................................ C17 Glass Trucking, Denton MT .................................................... C12 Golden Harvest Seeds, Big Sandy MT ......................................B8 Golden Triangle Seeds, Rudyard MT ..................................... C28

INDEX Gordon Repair, LLC, Miles City MT .......................................... C7 Greenway Seeds, Caldwell ID .................................................A40 Greyn Fertilizer, Choteau, Dutton, Valier MT .......................... C23 Grossenburg Equipment, Multiple Locations SD, Multiple Locations NE, Sundance WY ........................................................B3 Hamilton Systems, Inc. Hamilton ND ......................................B10 Heartland Cabin Co., Moore MT..............................................B16 Heartland Seed Company, Moccasin MT ................................B10 Hedman, Inc, Grass Range MT ...............................................A41 Helfert’s Helena Farm Supply, East Helena MT ......................B20 Henke Enterprises, Chester MT .............................................A38 Heritage Timber, Bonner MT .................................................. C13 Highline Communications, Cut Bank MT ................................ C46 Holst Truck Parts, Ucon, ID ...................................................... C3 Hotsy Wy-Mont, Great Falls & Billings MT ............................... C8 Hoven Equipment Co., Great Falls & Lewistown MT ..............A35 Hwy 12 Equipment & Repair, Baker MT ................................... C7 I-State Truck Center, Missoula ................................................A23 ITB (Intercontinental Truck Body), Butte MT ...........................A36 J & M Truck Sales, Inc., Fargo ND ........................................... C5 J & T Equipment Sales, Stevensville MT ................................ C42 J Carter Trucking, Conrad MT ................................................ C30 Jamieson Motors, Inc., Chinook MT ....................................... C19 Jim Nielsen Trucks & Parts, Butte MT .....................................A36 Johnsen Trailer Sales, Inc., Bismarck & Fargo ND .................A49 Keith Kessel Construction, Chinook MT ..................................C11 Krogmann Mfg. ........................................................................B15 Lakeland Feed & Supply, Dillon & Hamilton MT ..................... C24 Lattin & Sons, Power MT .................................................. B6, B15 Laurel Trading Post, Laurel MT .............................................. C16 Lewistown Honda, Lewistown MT ............................................ C4 M & M Auto, Trailers, & Welding, Stevensville MT ................. C36 M & W Machine, Three Forks MT..............................................B8 Mahindra, Big Sky Harley, Great Falls MT ..............................B24 Marks Lumber, Clancy MT.......................................................B15 Midland Implement , Billings MT............................................. C31 Missouri River Realty, Glasgow, Malta, MT .............................B23 Montana Ag Safety Program .................................................. C10 Montana Department of Agriculture .........................................B22 Montana Farrier Supply, Livingston MT ...................................A15 Montana Lockbox Great Falls MT ............................A30, B4, C38 Montana Metal Fabrications, Great Falls MT ..........................B10 Montana Shed Center, Great Falls MT ....................................A47 Montech Seed Group, MT .........................................................B6 Mountain View Canvas, Fairfield MT .......................................B22 Mountain View Metalworks, Wilsall MT ...................................A37 MT Tractors, Matt Pendergast, Stevensville MT..................... C22 Musselshell Valley Equipment, Roundup MT ................................ ........................................................... A31, A43, B11, C29, C43 Neal Hay Sales, Augusta MT...................................................A10 NorMont Equipment Co., Great Falls MT ............................... C18 North Star Equipment, Great Falls MT ................................... C27 Northern Ford, Cut Bank MT ...................................................A33 Northern Prairie Auto Sales, Wolf Point MT ............................A30 NutraLix ...................................................................................A37 Nutrien Ag Solutions, Inc, Conrad, Great Falls, Billings, Fort Benton, Belgrade, Hardin ,Chester, Shelby, MT.........................A20 Oakes Truck & Trailer Center, Inc., Oakes ND ..........................B5 Oxbow Engineering LLC, Randy Pierce PE Three Forks MT... C3

Paramount Service & Supply, Glendive & Sidney MT .............. C7 Pedigree Truck & Trailer Sales, New Salem, ND ....................C11 Pete’s Auto Sales, Great Falls MT............................................ C1 PhoSul, Great Falls, MT ......................................................... C30 Poland Steel, Jamestown ND ................................................. C12 Powerhouse Equipment, Floweree MT ...................................A48 Precision Truck & Trailer, Havre MT ....................................... C47 Premier Ag Assoc, Rudyard MT ................................................A2 Price Truck & Equipment Sales, Missoula MT........................ C36 Pro-Tech Steel LLC, Great Falls MT........................................A17 Producer Partnership, MT .........................................................A6 Quality Custom Sheds, Moore MT ......................................... C43 Quality Sales, Great Falls MT................................................. C37 R & L Seed & Machine LLC, Geyser MT .................................. C7 RDO Equipment, Kalispell, MT ..................................................B9 RDO Equipment, Missoula MT ..................................................B9 Reddig Equipment & Repair, Kalispell MT.................................B4 Redhead Equipment, Regina SK Canada ................................ C9 Reinke, RPH Irrigation Services, Choteau MT ..........................B7 Rocky Mountain Radiator, Helena MT .....................................A39 Roger Rader, Inc, Sun River MT .............................................B22 Roofing By Frank Merchant, Great Falls, MT ..........................A26 Rowse Farm Equipment, Avon MT ..........................................B22 RPH Irrigation Services, Reinke, Choteau MT ..........................B7 Safflower Technologies International, Fairview & Billings MT...A28 Severinsen Irrigation, Zimmatic & RMB Bins, Fairfield MT..... C30 Shortline Ag, Scobey MT ........................................................ C22 Signature Auto & Equipment, Spearfish & Belle Fourche SD...A45 Sod Buster Sales, Polson MT........................................... B2, C22 Spearfish Equipment, Spearfish SD ....................................... C10 Specialty Tool & Attachment, Cody WY .................................. C44 Steel Etc, Great Falls MT .......................................................B13 Stokes Contracting, Conrad MT ..............................................A48 Sullivan Brothers Construction, Conrad MT ............................A24 Sun Prairie Heritage, LLC, Malta MT.......................................A44 Sunrise Hoppers, Bow Island AB Canada ...............................A34 T & S Sales, various locations MT.............................................B5 T & T Farm Supply, LLC, Chester MT ............................ A18, C28 Taylor Farm Store, Shelby MT ................................................ C25 Taylor Transportation, Great Falls, MT ....................................A43 TCB Transport LLC, Geyser MT ....................................... B2, C24 Teton Trucks & Service, Choteau, MT .....................................A29 The Fagenstrom Co. Great Falls MT .......................................B22 Three Forks Lumber & Ready Mix, Three Forks MT ...............A46 Tilleman Equipment Company, Havre, Great Falls, Fort Benton MT ......................................................................................... C5 Tom’s Shop, Grass Range MT ................................................B15 ToolBox, Great Falls MT ............................................................A4 Townsend Seeds, Inc, Townsend MT ..................................... C16 Treasure State Seed, Fairfield MT.............................................B9 Tri-County Implement, Sidney MT .......................................... C13 Triple T Sales, Chinook MT ............................................ A42, B12 TT&E Inc, Victor MT & Spearfish SD .......................................A16 Vaughn Truck, Havre MT ........................................................ C15 VW Mfg, Chester MT ...............................................................A34 Weaver Windows & Doors, Moore MT ....................................A23 Westwood Pallet, Moore MT ...................................................A44 Wichman Ag Supply LLC, Hilger MT ........................................ C7 Wild Horse Seed, Havre MT ......................................................B7 Wildwood Clearing, LLC Power MT.........................................A43 XB Trailer Sales, Great Falls MT .............................................A44 Zimmatic, Severinsen Irrigation, Fairfield MT ......................... C30 Zimmerman Manure & Silage Hauling, Fairfield MT..................A6

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B2

20 YEARS IN BUSINESS

Not a dry subject: Considerations in the face of possible drought

By Micah Most, University of Wyoming Extension Agriculture and Natural Resources Educator

20-ft. & 40-ft. Flat Rack Bridges 8-ft. – 53-ft. Storage Containers Phone (406) 899-4104

TCB TRANSPORT, LLC

www.boxesandbridges.com Photo by David Keto.

WANTED TO BUY:

Allis Chalmers tractors 4W305, 4W220, D21, 220, 8010-8070 mfwd Any condition considered Phone Nathan at 701-240-5737 or 1-800-735-5846, email: swensonrv@srt.com

Super single upgrade for front and rear tires

Headquarters for ALL New Holland balewagon parts

Balewagons & Retrievers

New Holland 1089 bale wagon...................... $87,500

New Holland 1047 bale wagon, with 1996 Ford 4.9l engine..... ................................. $13,500

6-New Holland 1037 balewagons, rebuilt........................... ............. $26,500 to $42,000 New Holland 1033 REBUILT, like new...................$18,500

2006 New Holland BW28 As-Is......................... $75,000 New Holland 1069 As-Is needs brakes.....................$12,500 New Holland S1049 balewagon............................$18,500 New Holland 1002.........$3850

Miscellaneous

CELLI MODEL CE205 three point tiller..Sale Price $2200

Sod Buster Sales Inc. sodbustersales.com newhollandbalewagonparts.com

Farm Equipment Finding Service

33505 Gingras Springs Rd, Polson, MT 59860

406-249-8565 or 406-883-2118 Direct Parts Line 406-309-1453

Nearly every conversation I have had lately with anyone from long-time Johnson County ranchers to new-to-the-area home gardeners has eventually found its way to the unusually dry and warm winter we have experienced so far.

More than just small talk, I’ve heard real concerns about the upcoming grazing and growing seasons: What will forage look like if it stays as dry now through May as it has been November to now? How will livestock water quality be impacted if the reservoirs are lower than usual? How can we cut back on water use around the home and yard?

I am far from having all the answers (who really can when it comes to weather?) and there’s more to each of these questions than can be adequately addressed in a single article. For more details and information, refer to the University of Wyoming Extension resources that are included in each of the following sections.

Climatology data for the state indicate that the wettest months on average are May and June, respectively. I’m holding out hope until then.

Production agriculture interests Seasoned ranchers are used to the boomand-bust nature of Wyoming’s drought cycle. However, it never hurts to review trigger dates, dust off the drought management plan, and keep an eye on stock water quality.

Photo by RoStyle, shutterstock.com.

Rangelands in Johnson County are dominated by cool-season grass species that reach their peak production in late spring or early summer depending on the year. Trigger dates are aligned with the growth stages of these cool-season grasses and can be thought of as subjective thresholds by when management decisions should be made. An abbreviated schedule is included below.

April 1: Review how the current year compares to previous records of dormant season precipitation. Dig a few postholes to evaluate soil moisture profile. In cases of extreme drought, pencil a 10–20% reduction in stocking rate.

April 15 – May 1: During this period, mid-range weather forecasts that reach the end of the cool-season grass growth window increase in reliability and accuracy. Use temperature and precipitation predictions

to anticipate forage production of native range. Temperature predictions skewing warmer indicate an earlier peak in forage production. Precipitation predictions skewing lower indicate a reduced quantity of available forage. Adjust stocking rates accordingly.

Mid-May to early June: At this point, cool-season grasses are at or past peak production. If the precipitation total from March to May is 50–75% of an average year, consider stocking rate reductions of 30–40% or more in response to the condition of available forage resources.

Photo by Lilac Mountain, shutterstock.com.

In addition to sufficient feed resources, liquid water resources are critical to livestock health and productivity. I know many producers have been supplementing water through most of the winter, especially those who rely on livestock reservoirs.

As water levels drop, nitrates, sulfates, and other salts dissolved in the water can become concentrated to the point of reaching toxicity thresholds. Early indicators of water toxicity issues include poor hair and hide condition. Neurological signs like circling, stumbling, or head pressing indicate extreme toxicity issues.

If you suspect water-quality issues in a reservoir this summer, a livestock water suitability test is recommended to determine levels of dissolved substances and to help make an informed management plan.

Resources for ag producers: 1) Navigating Drought in Wyoming: https://bit.ly/B-1325 2) Skillful Grazing Management on Semiarid Rangelands: https://bit.ly/EC-162 3) Water Quality for Wyoming Livestock and Wildlife: https://bit.ly/B-1183.

Hard copies of these publications are available at the Johnson County extension office.

Yard and garden interests Residential properties also suffer negative effects of drought—often accompanied by a spike in the water bill from trying to keep green spaces alive. A couple of easy changes can improve a landscape’s drought resilience.

CONTINUED ON PAGE B6

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B3

(WI) Winner, SD 605-842-2040 (PI) Pierre, SD 605-224-1631 (PH) Philip, SD 605-859-2636

(BF) Belle Fourche, SD 605-892-2621 (BE) Beresford, SD 605-763-5020 (BL) Bloomfield, NE 402-373-4449

www.grossenburg.com

(HA) Hartington, NE 402-254-3908 (WA) Wayne, NE 402-375-3325 (SU) Sundance, WY 307-283-2971

OUR WEBSITE HAS BEEN RECENTLY UPDATED! CHECK IT OUT AT:

WWW.GROSSENBURG.COM WINDROWERS & MOCO’s MOCO’s CHARLIE GROSSENBURG’S

HIT LIST UNITS

2024 John Deere 8R 370 (PH), Stk #89602, Only 88 Hours! IVT, Ultimate, LHR, 84 GPM, 6 Remotes, Autonomy Prepped, Rear Weights.......................................... $490,000

2023 John Deere 560M (WI), Stk #91178, 11,289 Bales, Nice Unit, Came From A Good Home, Netwrap & Twine, Big Tires, Bale Kicker............................................... $38,000

2023 John Deere 560M (WI), Stk #90369, 10,600 Bales, Field Ready, Netwrap Only, Bale Kicker & Moisture Sensor, Baler Has Been Gone Thru.............................. $38,900

2024 John Deere 9RX 640 (PH), Stk #90817, 815 Hours, One Of The Best Tractors On The Market, 36” Tracks, 120” Spacing, 6 SCV’s, Big Hydraulic Pump, Signature Edition, PTO, Full Guidance................ $650,000

2024 John Deere 616R (WI), Stk #90466, 815 Hours, 120-ft. 15”, Ultimate Comfort, Auto Boom Leveling, Boom Air Purge, Front Fill, Gen4 4600 CC W/AutoTrac Activation.......... ....................................................... $460,000 2024 John Deere 616R (WI), Stk #90467, 794 Hours, 120-ft. 15”, Integrated Receiver, High Flow Solution Pump, VF480/80R50 Tires In Good Shape, Priced To Sell!.......... $460,000 2022 John Deere 410R (WA), Stk #90981, 1,739 Hours, 100-ft. 20”, Boom Leveling, Stainless Tank, Guidance Ready, 5 Way Nozzle............................................ $270,000 2022 John Deere 616R (PH), Stk #92587, 132-ft. 20”, Carbon Fiber Boom, Auto Boom Leveling, Automatic Solution Commands, Stainless Steel Eductor....................... SOLD 2022 Hagie STS12 (HA), Stk #86968, 910 Hours, 120ft. 15”, Ultimate Cab, Eductor, Side Front Fill, Tall Crop Shields, Row Sense Feeler’s.......................................... $485,000 2021 John Deere R4045 (PI), Stk #92359, 2,192 Hours, 120-ft. 15”, Nice Shape, Good Tires, Clean Cab, Boom In Good Shape...... ....................................................... $290,000

Based on Approved Credit, 30% Down Payment Required. See Dealer For Complete Details. Offer Valid Through 5/31/26

2024 John Deere MoCo C500 (HA), Stk #88843, Quick Change Knife Kit, Hydraulic Header Tilt, Impeller Conditioner........ SOLD 2023 New Holland Speedrower 260 (HA), Stk #91012, 695 Hours, 16-ft. 416 Plus Durabine Rotary Head, Rubber Rollers, Full AutoSteer, 600/65R28 Tires........... $162,500 2022 John Deere W235R (WI), Stk #91381, 1,327 Hours, Just Went Thru Shop with $11,000 Invested- New Turtles & Knives & Accelerators, Premium Cab, Rear Weights.. ....................................................... $172,000 2021 John Deere W235 (WI), Stk #90941, 1,163 Hours, 16-ft. 500R Head with V10 Steel Conditioner, Premium Cab with Gen GS3 Display & AutoTrac Activation............... ....................................................... $159,000

2021 John Deere MoCo C450 (HA), Stk #86307, Impeller Conditioner, Quick Change Knives, New Tires, Rock Guard....... $37,500 2020 New Holland Speedrower 260 (WI), Stk #90509, 900 Hours, 16-ft. Durabine Head with Quick Change Knives, Steel On Steel Conditioner Rolls, AutoTrac........... $149,000 2019 John Deere W235 (BF), Stk #91134, 1,221 Hours, 16-ft. 500R Cutter Head with V10, 520/85R38 Tires, Auxilary Lighting, Flexible Step, Will Be Serviced & Ready...... ................................... $146,900.....$142,500 2015 New Holland MoCo 316 (WI), Stk #88737, 1 Owner, Turtles Still Good, Rubber Conditioner, 16-ft., Draw Bar Hookup........... ......................................................... $18,500

#91381 2024 John Deere XUV 835R (WI), Stk #91808, 800 Hours & 5,350 Miles, Bed Liner, Full Protection Package, Radio & Speaker Kit, HVAC & Cargo Box Power Lift......... $21,500

Call for more info on any of these listed units, or to find out what else we have available go to our New and Improved Website: www.grossenburg.com

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2021 John Deere R4060 (PI), Stk #89206, 2,095 Hours, 120ft. 20”, High Flow Pump, Front Fill & Automatic Solution Control, Come with Flotation Tires & StarFire 6000 Receiver..................... $299,000.....$279,000 2020 John Deere R4060 (PI), Stk #84515, 2,089 Hours, 120-ft., CommandCenter Premium Activation, 480/50 Tires & Set Of 620/70R46 Floaters, High Flow Pump.......... ....................................................... $294,500 2019 John Deere R4038 (PI), Stk #92358, 1,688 Hours, 100-ft. 20”, Narrow Tires, AutoTrac, Section Control.................. $230,000 2016 John Deere R4038 (WI), Stk #86063, 2,176 Hours, 120-ft. 15”, 5-Way Nozzle Bodies, Boom Air Purge, BoomTrac Pro, Fence Row Nozzle, 2630 with AT & SC.... $180,000 2012 John Deere 4940 (WI), Stk #91408, 120-ft. 20”, 4,214 Hours, Inspected & Run Through The Shop Every Year, BoomTrac, Wheel Slip Control, Stainless Steel Eductor. ......................................................... $75,000 2011 Apache AS1020 (WA), Stk #90168, 100ft. 20”, 2,312 Hours, 5 Sections Shut Off, Newer Accumulators On Front End, Newer Tires On Front.................................. $80,500

Our Mission: To provide the best product at a reasonable price with the highest level of service.

#88843

USED ROUND BALERS 3.90% FOR 36 MONTHS*

Based on Approved Credit, 30% Down Payment Required. See Dealer For Complete Details. Offer Valid Through 5/31/26.

#90980

#91513

2024 John Deere 561M (BF), Stk #91513, 5,300 Bales, Netwrap Only, Gate, Wrap & Kicker Automation Enabled, Variable Core Valve................................................ $55,500 2024 John Deere 561M (SU), Stk #89098, 3,208 Bales, Done All Prairie Hay & Alfalfa, MegaWide Pickup, Scale & Moisture Sensor.................................................... $57,500 2023 John Deere 560M (HA), Stk #86309, 7,270 Bales, MegaWide Pickup, Netwrap Only, Dual Pad Moisture Sensor...... $39,500 2023 John Deere 560M (HA), Stk #90980, 10,500 Bales, Big Tires, MegaWide Pickup, Grease Banks, Netwrap Only.......... $39,900

LARGE SQUARE BALERS .

#89568 2023 John Deere L341 (SU), Stk #89568, 2,641 Bales.................................... $157,900 Hesston 4790 (WI), Stk #89789, Little Over 30,000 Bales, Well Maintained, Accumulator Included, Put Inside After Every Cutting....... ......................................................... $39,900 Challenger LB34 (WI), Stk #89788, 40,600 Bales, Local Trade, Accumulators Come With It, Inspection Is Available......... $34,900

2023 John Deere 560M (BL), Stk #91672, 9,835 Bales, MegaWide Pickup, Cover Edge Less Twine, Grease Bank, Suburban Chain Oiler............................... $36,500.....$35,500 2021 John Deere 560R (WI), Stk #85357, 5,015 Bales, 1 Owner, Netwrap & Twine, Hydraulic Pickup, Mostly Used On Grass/ Alfalfa............................................... $49,900 2020 John Deere 560M (BF), Stk #91626, 10,222 Bales, Clean Unit, Big Tires, 1000 PTO, Net & Twine............................ $32,000 2018 John Deere 560M (WA), Stk #92019, 15,943 Bales, Big Tires, Hydraulic Pickup, Netwrap Only, MegaWide Pickup, Bale Kicker...................................................... $20,900

South Dakota

Winner (605) 842-2040 Pierre (605) 224-1631 Philip (605) 859-2636 Belle Fourche (605) 892-2621 Beresford (605) 763-5020

Wyoming

Sundance (307) 283-2971

Nebraska

Wayne (402) 375-3325 Bloomfield (402) 373-4449 Hartington (402) 254-3908 View More Pictures and Information online: www.grossenburg.com

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B4

PROJECT TRUCK FOR SALE

1973 Kenworth K100 cabover, starts and drives................................... $20,000 obo Phone (406) 735-4348

##### In 1816, Dr. René Laennec invented the stethoscope as he thought it inappropriate to place his head on a female patient’s chest.

Nobody beats Montana Lockbox.

We stock every size and option available of shipping containers.

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CONTAINER SALES AND RENTAL 52nd St and 10th Ave S • Great Falls, MT

406-788-8808

Reddig Equipment and Repair 844-963-1459 • 2866 Highway 2 East • Kalispell, MT

View our entire inventory with pictures at www.reddigequipment.com

Attachments

We carry a variety of new and used attachments. Call today and ask for Beau.

BACKHOES

2003 Case 580M 4200 hours, 4x1 bucket, open rops............. .............................................................................. $34,900 1989 Cat 416 Good Running/Operating with 6k hours............ .............................................................................. $22,900

EXCAVATORS

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Nebraska Extension provides Panhandle seasonal crop water requirements

By Gary Stone |Nebraska Extension Water and Crops Educator, Dr. Xin Qiao | Nebraska Extension Water Irrigation Specialist, Brock Ortner | Nebraska Extension Livestock Systems Educator With the current drought situation across the region and the questionable surface irrigation water deliveries for the 2026 growing season in the North Platte River valley, producers have been asking how much water it takes to grow various crops in the area.

The table below the estimated crop water requirements/ use for the main crops grown in the area.

Crop water use requirements will vary due to soil moisture conditions, precipitation, temperature, wind speed, elevation, and the growth stage of the crop. Critical water requirements will vary by crop. Crops grown for grain will require the most water during the pollen set and grain fill.

Dry beans will require water throughout the growing season, from blossom to pod fill, due to their shallow root depth.

Sugarbeets require water during the initial growth stages due to the smaller plant size and root structure, but can be stressed when the root is longer and larger.

Crop water use by plant growth stage charts based on the readings from an evapotranspiration gage (ET) can be found at https://cropwatch.unl.edu/gdd-et-data/.

Field specific ET for sugarbeets, corn, and dry beans for irrigation water application management can be found at https://go.unl.edu/o4uc The free ACREE app is a mobile irrigation scheduling tool that does not require soil moisture sensors.

Producers growing crops selected for grazing or harvested forage should consider the possibility of nitrate and prussic (hydrocyanic acid - HCN) acid poisoning in livestock. Annual forages including brassicas, corn, millet, small grains, sorghum, and sorghum sudangrass, have the potential to accumulate nitrates (Nitrates in Livestock Feeding – G1779), and warm-season annuals are associated with a high risk of prussic acid toxicity. Prussic acid and nitrate levels may increase in forage plants under stress, such as drought, early frost/freeze, and high nitrogen applications. Forages can be tested for both (Avoiding Prussic Acid Poisoning in Grazing: When and How to Use a Quick Test / UNL Beef / Nebraska).

For more information, contact Gary Stone at 308-6321230, gstone2@unl.edu, Dr. Xin Qiao at 308-632-1246, xin. qiao@unl.edu, or Brock Ortner at 308-327-2312, bortner2@ nebraska.edu.

Figure 1. Estimated crop water use requirements for the Nebraska Panhandle and eastern Wyoming

Apple Pie Day

Date Celebrated: May 13th Apple pie might not be originally American, but it’s certainly associated with America now. The dessert was very popular in centuries past in countries like England and The Netherlands, both of which have recipes dating back many centuries.

History for Apple Pie Day The history of apple pie dates back to the 14th century with an English recipe but it was cemented as an American classic in the 20th century. It was seen as healthier than other pies at the time and since then, presidents, American troops and memorable marketing campaigns have all latched onto apple pie as something that’s symbolically American.

The great thing about apple pies is that they’re very easy to make, so you don’t need to be a master in the kitchen in order to rustle up a fantastic-tasting apple pie.

Apple Pie Day can bring together all of these culinary traditions and allow people all over the world to enjoy the humble yet delicious apple joy in all its glory. It’s about trying recipes and getting active in the kitchen.

Montana State Hail Insurance available for purchase

Applications for the State Hail Insurance Program are now available through the Montana Department of Agriculture (MDA).

Producers can insure crops against hail damage at the maximum coverage rate of $75 per acre for dryland and $114 per acre for irrigated land. Rates charged are a percentage of the insured amount and vary by county. A detailed list of rates by county and crop can be found online by visiting the MDA website. State policies are available for purchase until August 15, 2026.

Producers who previously purchased state hail insurance will receive applications in the mail. Application forms are also available online or by calling the MDA office. Staff are available to process policies, file claims, and help answer any questions producers may have regarding coverage options.

Completed forms can be emailed, mailed, faxed, or used as a reference when contacting the office by phone.

Contact Information: Montana State Hail Insurance Program P.O. Box 200201 Helena, MT 59620 Phone: (406) 444-5429 Email: agrhail@mt.gov Toll Free: 1 (844) 515-1571 Fax: (406) 444-9442 Loss claims are due to the office by October 1, 2026, and must be submitted within two weeks of the hail damage occurrence. Forms are available online or by request. ##### Were there any secret codes or encryption used in Pony Express messages? While the Pony Express primarily delivered plain text messages, some letters used basic codes to protect sensitive information. For example, military and government dispatches occasionally included ciphered content to prevent interception risks.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B5

The deadline for advertising in the June 2026 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be May 27th.

Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B6

The deadline for advertising for the June 2026 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be May 27th.

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Not a dry subject: Considerations in the face of possible drought CONTINUED FROM PAGE B2

Adopt a watering schedule that prioritizes deep and infrequent watering over shallow and daily watering. Shallow watering keeps turf roots in the top layer of the soil, which dries out quickly. Roots will follow water down into the soil profile and can be trained to grow deeper when enough water is applied to wet the soil 8–10 inches below the surface. This training can be as easy as shifting from watering 15 minutes every day to watering for 30 minutes on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.

Less evaporative loss occurs when water is applied during the early morning or late evening hours, when direct sun exposure and wind gusts are typically minimal and air temperatures are lower. Drip tape and soaker hoses are better alternatives to overhead sprinkles. If you don’t have one already, irrigation timers are a good investment and make water conservation practices much more user-friendly.

If considering the installation of a new garden landscape bed, include “water-wise” and drought-tolerant species in your design.

Many beautiful perennial plants native to our area are already adapted to thrive in our harsh, High Plains conditions. Check out a full list in the UW Extension bulletin Landscaping: Water-Wise Wyoming Gardens at https://bit.ly/wy-water-wise. Hard copies of this bulletin are available at the Johnson County extension office.

If dry conditions persist to emergency levels, it is recommended to prioritize the survival of established trees and shrubs in the landscape—turf lawns will go dormant to survive and are easier to replace than a mature tree canopy. Water each tree around the dripline (under the farthest tips of the branches) and plan 10 gallons of water per inch of trunk diameter. For example, if a mid-size bur oak has a trunk diameter of 6 inches, it should receive 60 gallons of water.

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Repeat weekly during the growing season when the tree has leaves and monthly when the tree is dormant.

Get involved with local precipitation reporting plastic precipitation gauge with measurements in inches affixed to a wooden post with mountains and a train in the background

Precipitation gauge. Photo by David Keto.

If you feel that your geographic location is not well represented on the weather maps or the U.S. Drought Monitor, consider becoming a volunteer reporter for the Collaborative Community Rain, Hail, and Snow (CoCoRaHS) Network.

Volunteer data from across the state are integrated into the larger dataset that informs the weekly update of the drought monitor. Contributing to local data collection is also an easy way to track and recall digital records of local precipitation. This makes it easy to compare precipitation amounts from year to year for your precise location. Reports of zero precipitation are just as valuable as measurable amounts.

Volunteers need a four-inch standard rain gauge, a free online account, and a willingness to commit a little time each day to the task. The Johnson County extension office team reports daily from Station Number WY-JN-31 and it takes less than 5 minutes to submit an observation. To learn more, visit www.cocorahs.org.

National Blueberry Cheesecake Day Date celebrated: May 26th There isn’t much in life that people love more than the rich, tangy flavor of an indulgent cheesecake.

History Of National Blueberry Cheesecake Day The origins of the cheesecake can be traced back as far as Ancient Greece, when the first recipes for this cake were put into writing. In the centuries that followed, the dessert would undergo countless changes until it developed into what we know it to be today. As different countries embraced this dish, and differing ingredients were more easily available, regional varieties came to be. Different combinations of cheese would often be used depending on the particular location, but the love of the cheesecake itself was certainly universal!

When it comes to cheesecake, cream cheese is the favored primary ingredient in America, while Italian recipes seem to prefer ricotta as a base. In addition, there is a special kind of curd cheese known as “quark” that is used in cheesecakes throughout Poland and Germany.

As these recipes came to be localized, new innovations were being made by the bakers who developed them. One of these new ideas included the addition of fruit to the cheesecake, and the best of all was the enticing and delicious blueberry!

Of course, blueberries are delicious in their own right. Native to North America, blueberries were originally called “star berries” by the Native Americans who inhabited the lands prior to the Europeans. Blueberries are an extremely healthy fruit that is called a “superfood”, due to its high concentration of vitamins and antioxidants. Adding these yummy berries to the top of a cheesecake probably doesn’t make them healthier, but it certainly makes them tasty!

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B7

American Craft Beer Week May 11th–17th

Show some love and appreciation for the thousands of independent craft breweries that bring amazing beer into their local communities!

History of American Craft Beer Week The background of American Craft Beer Week is associated with two different important trade organizations that go back several decades. Dating back to the World War II era is the Brewers Association of America, and the Association of Brewers was founded in 1978. These two operated independently until 2005 when they joined together to form what is now simply known as the Brewers Association, working out of Boulder, Colorado.

American Craft Beer Week was launched the following year (2006) by the Brewers Association along with Craftbeer.com.

The event was founded with the purpose of supporting and raising awareness about craft breweries as well as independent brewers who work hard to infuse their barrels and bottles with amazing, hand-crafted beer.

This event takes place at the perfect time of the year for the northern hemisphere. As temperatures are beginning to rise and backyard barbecues are popping up in neighborhoods and communities, American Craft Beer Week encourages the inclusion of craft beers into these summer celebrations.

For more than 15 years, American Craft Beer Week has been celebrated each year to show appreciation for the growing number of craft breweries in the United States.

While anytime is a good time to explore craft breweries, American Craft Beer Week acts as a perfect reminder to step beyond the usual and support a local independent brewer.

Those who love beer and have thought about brewing might just want to use American Craft Beer Week as a motivation to get started! The simplest way to begin is to order a beer brewing kit. Though it takes 2-4 weeks to get the finished product, it’s not extremely labor intensive as much of the time is left for the fermentation and carbonation processes to take place naturally.

The advertising deadlines for the Trader's Dispatch are the Wednesday BEFORE the 1st Monday of the month.

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B8

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Dakota Gardener: Victory gardens are trending in 2026

By Esther E. McGinnis, Horticulturist, NDSU Extension Victory gardens are trending on social Three people contacted me over the last media for several reasons. A North Dakota two weeks and inquired about victory garState University Extension Master Gardener dens. At my age, I am not very trendy, but explained that she wanted to plant a victory this wartime concept seems to be gaining garden to commemorate the 250th annivertraction in 2026. sary of our nation’s founding. In keeping Victory gardens originated during World with this historical celebration, heirloom War I to encourage homeowners, schoolseeds can be a relevant and fun choice. children and others to grow fresh food in Online seed vendors sell vegetable varieties backyard gardens, containers and other that were grown in George Washington’s small plots. The purpose of these gardens and Thomas Jefferson’s gardens. was to offset domestic produce shortages With high fuel costs and rising prices as the United States shipped food to alsqueezing budgets, many people plan lied troops and countries. The concept was to plant a victory garden to save money. revived during World War II and, more recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONTINUED ON PAGE B11

Dakota Gardener: Growing strawberries

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By Carrie Knutson, Horticulture agent, NDSU Extension – Grand Forks County I always try to grow a new fruit or vegetable in my garden every year. This year, I am experimenting with a family favorite — strawberries. I love strawberries, and our family makes a trip just about every July to harvest fresh strawberries in the sweltering heat. However, I haven’t tried growing them at home.

What stopped me from growing them was time and space.

While I still don’t have more time, some space has opened up in my garden beds. Let’s explore what you and I need to know if we want to try growing strawberries this growing season.

First, there are three types of strawberries: June-bearing, everbearing and day-neutral. The type you pick will depend on your strawberry needs. Do you want to make jam, pies and crisps, or would you rather have some to snack on all summer?

June-bearing strawberries will produce a large crop in mid-June to early July. Everbearing strawberries produce one crop in early summer and a second crop in the fall.

Day-neutral strawberries will produce fruit throughout most of the growing season. There are many strawberry varieties available through seed and nursery companies. Make sure it is the bearing type you want and is hardy enough for where you live.

Strawberries require full sun — ideally at least six to 10 hours of direct sunlight each day — to produce a good crop.

They should be planted in well-drained soil. When selecting your site, be aware of potential shade from growing trees and shrubs, as well as the competition from their root systems.

Have a soil test done to determine whether you need to add nutrients before planting. Adding compost before planting will provide nutrients over the growing season. Space plants 18-24 inches apart and rows 3-4 feet apart. The crown of the plant — the point where the leaves and roots meet — should be just at the soil surface, with the roots completely buried in the soil.

Like most garden crops, strawberries do best with 1 inch of rain per week. Water the plants in the morning to reduce the chance of disease development.

Weeds are the number one nemesis of strawberries. Strawberries are shallow-rooted and can be easily damaged; hand weeding around the plants is recommended. Mulch can help with weed competition, conserve water and reduce disease.

Remove any flowers for the first few weeks of establishment. This will help the plant grow leaves and roots first.

This will eventually help the plant produce better fruit. Move and train runners to fill in bare areas. Later, cut runners back to keep the plants where you want them.

The crown of strawberry plants is sensitive to cold temperatures. Adding mulch after repeated frosts will provide additional protection, especially in winters with minimal snowfall. Cover the plants with 4-6 inches of weed- and herbicide-free mulch, such as straw or leaves.

I am “berry” anxious to see how the plants grow in my garden this summer. Happy gardening! ##### In Frackville, Pennsylvania, a woman filed for divorce because her husband insisted on “shooting tin cans off of her head with a slingshot.

National Paper Airplane Day National Paper Airplane Day is a day to play with a child’s toy and just have fun. On this holiday, people of all ages celebrate by making, decorating, and playing with paper airplanes.

People have been making and flying these aeronautical gliders for hundreds of years. Kids love them, and adults love them, too. But, it’s not all for play. Flying paper airplanes is a competitive activity with competitions held around the world to see who has the best design to fly them faster, higher, and longer. So, grab a few sheets of paper, and let’s go flying!

The History of Paper Airplanes It all began in the year 105 when paper was invented in China. Paper would revolutionize the world.

Paper kites were invented somewhere between 200 – 250.

Paper airplanes would not be invented until many centuries later. It is not known who invented the paper airplane or exactly when it was invented. In 1859, a book for kids contained instructions on how to fold paper to make a “paper dart”. Then in 1873, the term “paper airplane: replaced the word “paper dart.

Since its invention, kids and adults have been making them and having loads of fun. From a simple design in the 1800s, creative minds have come up with 50 designs. We decorate them too, using colored pencils, crayons, decals and stickers.

Guinness World Records: Longest Time in the Air: On December 19, 2010, Takuo Toda from Japan set the record at 29.2 seconds in the air.

Longest Distance: In February 2102 Joe Ayob from California, flew a paper airplane a record 226′ 10″. Joe was a former college quarterback. Did that help him to set the world record? Possibly. The plane was constructed by John Collins.

Highest Altitude: On June 24, 2015, David Green flew a paper airplane from a record-high altitude of 114,970.5 feet.

Largest Plane: On September 28, 2013, students and employees at the Braunschweig Institute of Technology in Braunschweig, Germany launched the biggest paper airplane ever. The plane had a wingspan of 59.7 feet.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B9

The deadline for advertising in the June 2026 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be May 27th.

Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B10

Dean Brandt Phil Gates (406) 899-4763 (406) 750-3071 office: (406) 268-9614 email: mtmtlfab@gmail.com

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Controlling marestail in soybeans

By Colton Tripp, K-State Extension news service Warmer spring temperatures mean that crops begin to sprout from the ground. However, with these warmer temperatures, crops are not the only things that are greening up; weeds are too. A K-State researcher said that now is the time to start scouting for weeds.

“Marestail is a winter annual weed that typically comes up either in the fall or spring,” said Sarah Ganske, a weed specialist with K-State Extension. “Marestail can be a big problem in some situations, as it has fluffy little seeds that can fly around and go long distances – plus it is hard to control once it bolts (grows tall).”

Marestail, commonly known as horseweed, emerges as a rosette. Fall-emerged marestail becomes dormant over winter, then will start to bolt during April and May, and flowers will emerge in July. These flowers will then disperse seeds from August to October.

“Once it bolts, it becomes challenging to control with most herbicides; it also has resistance to glyphosate and other herbicides that we have historically relied on,” Ganske said.

Ganske explained that the best time to control marestail is before it bolts.

“This time of year, 2,4-D, or dicamba, are the easiest herbicides to use to control marestail,” she said. “Something that is potentially more expensive though is a newer product called Elavore.”

Once temperatures start to warm up, marestail will start to bolt from a rosette almost instantly, Ganske explained.

“Producers tend to struggle with marestail, historically, more in soybeans than other crops,” she said.

Action should be taken now to prevent the spread of marestail, Ganske added.

“As marestail bolts, 2,4-D and dicamba become less effective. But early in the season, they are an option to help control the spread of this weed,” Ganske said.

Once marestail has grown over six inches, she added, it is harder to control.

“Producers who have used Liberty herbicide in combination with Sharpen have said that it is a very effective combination, even on larger marestail plants,” Ganske said.

Liberty is a glufosinate-based herbicide that only controls emerged marestail, while Sharpen is a saflufenacil, which has activity on emerged plants, but can help provide some residual control against several broadleaf species.

Ganske added: “Make sure that you know the herbicide resistance traits of the varieties of soybeans that you are planting before applying 2,4-D, dicamba, or glufosinate.”

More information on controlling marestail in soybeans can be found from K-State’s Agronomy e-Update newsletter.

Irrigated annual forage options

By Jerry Volesky, UNL Whether it is the possibility of drought or loss of pasture because of wildfire, some producers are considering using irrigated annual forages to bolster their grazing or hay supplies.

For spring or cool-season annual forages, we are in the planting period of late March to early April. Soil temperatures this year are currently well above the recommended 42 to 45 degree range. Oats is probably the most common cool-season annual forage planted in Nebraska. However, spring triticale or spring barley are two other small grain options that have been found to perform similarly to oats in terms of forage yield and quality.

Also similar is the number of days until ready to begin grazing or hay; so, the different species could be mixed if desired. One could look at seed cost of the different species before making a decision. With the early spring planting date of the cool-season annuals, grazing can typically begin around the 3rd or 4th week of May and last into early July.

Haying usually take place around the 3rd week of June.

Following the cool-season forage, a warm-season annual such as sudangrass, sorghum-sudan hybrids, forage sorghum (which we often call cane or sorgo), foxtail millet, or pearl millet could be planted. Systems can also be put together where different acres of cool- and warm-season annuals are planted to create the continuous availability of grazable forage from late spring though fall.

Remember to consider the herbicides that may have been used on a field the previous year. Some herbicides may have long residuals that could hinder establishment even into this spring.

Dakota Gardener: Victory gardens are trending in 2026 CONTINUED FROM PAGE B8

Growing fresh vegetables at home can reduce grocery costs and be very satisfying for those seeking greater self-reliance. Potatoes, winter squash, onions, carrots and beets are nutritious, high-yield choices that can be stored to provide food beyond the growing season.

You don’t need a large yard to plant a victory garden. Ornamental gardeners can integrate perennial vegetable crops such as asparagus and rhubarb into existing flower gardens. The delicate asparagus foliage could provide an interesting backdrop for flowers. Similarly, red-stemmed rhubarb can add color to a flower garden. I have been known to tuck radishes, Swiss chard, carrots and beets in between rows of flowers.

Apartment dwellers, do not despair!

Tomatoes, bell peppers, basil, parsley and cilantro can be grown on sunny apartment balconies. Most vegetables need six or more hours of direct sunlight. For areas that receive less sunlight, consider growing leafy greens such as lettuce and spinach that thrive with three to five hours of sunlight. Leafy greens grow best in spring and fall.

Victory gardens can be planted to benefit those who are less fortunate. Plant an extra

row or container of vegetables to donate to local food pantries. Food pantries expect increased demand this year due to economic conditions. Before donating, check to see if your local food pantries accept fresh produce. Not all food pantries have enough refrigeration space to accept and store produce donations. If donating produce, keep food safety principles in mind. Wash your hands before harvesting and use clean bags or containers to transport items to the food pantry.

Also, exclude animals from the garden. ##### In 1872, President Ulysses S. Grant was arrested for speeding in a horse-drawn carriage and had to pay a $20 fine. ##### How much did it cost to send a letter through the Pony Express? Sending mail via the Pony Express was expensive. Initially, it cost $5 per half-ounce of mail—equivalent to about $160 today. This high price reflected the cost of maintaining horses, riders, and relay stations across such a vast route. Despite the cost, it was the fastest mail delivery service of its time.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B11

2025 HAY FOR SALE JUST AVAILABLE * 1st cutting Alfalfa with a little grass * Grass with a little alfalfa * Barley hay * Rye hay * CRP hay * 2024 Haybet Barley net wrapped, big round bales, low nitrates, high protein Delivery in Semi Loads Call Klint @ (701) 290-4418

GRAIN EQUIPMENT FOR SALE 2021 Great Plains 30-ft. folding drill, 3) 10-ft. sections, 6” spacing with press wheels, double disk, liquid fertilizer attachment.

2022 GT grain dryer, 600 bushel, propane.

2014 Westfield 10” x 61-ft. auger, with swing auger.

2012 John Deere STS 9750 combine.

John Deere 936D 36-ft. header, belt.

8) Miscellaneous grain trucks with hoists.

6) MIscellaneous GM grain trucks with belt bottoms.

1984 Gleaner N6 combine with 24-ft. header, new tires.

9) Aeration fans, 12” to 48”, 1/2 to 15 hp.

International 6200 drill, 14-ft. x 6”, press wheels.

Phone cell (406) 490-3795, Anaconda, Montana

New 2026 Case IH Windrowers • Cut at speeds up to 20 mph.

• New hydraulic system for smoother operation and increased GPM. • New guidance system with Drive by Wire.

• New cab and rear axle suspension.

• Variable displacement ground drive and heater pump.

• New engine and hydraulic cooling systems.

• RD5 rotary headers provide a cleaner cut with longer knives and low profile.

• More productivity, improved performance and low cost per acre operation.

Call us for preseason discount prices on 2026 WD 2105 and 2505.

UNITS IN STOCK AND ARRIVING SOON

New 2026 RB566 Premium Round Balers • 6-ft. 10” wide pickup with 160 tines • Premium balers with mesh and twine • Overshot feeding system • Patented bale formation system • Adjustable bale density system • Moisture monitor system • 2 year warranty 418 Main, Roundup, MT 1-888-423-2605 or 406-323-2605 Lonnie Cox - 406-380-0155 OR Weston - 406-589-8927

Contact us at or www.musselshellvalley.com or www.caseih.com/dealers/musselshellvalley

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B12

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Contact Dave Taylor: 1-406-357-2166

Chinook, MT

Home Phone - 406-357-2162 Highway 2 West, Chinook, MT 1/2 mile west of Chinook

LOADS OF TRAILERS COMING IN EVERY WEEK! CALL FOR MORE INFO!

2015 Everlite 5x8 aluminum utility trailer

$1800

2022 Doolittle 84” x 12-ft..

Never been used

$3000

NEW

STOCK TRAILERS

20-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 7000 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, one center gate, bull package..........$16,995 24-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 7000 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, 2 sliding center gates, bull package..........$17,995 24-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 8000 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, 2 sliding center gates, bull package.....$19,595

4’x7’ Heavy Duty Trailer Mats

53-ft. van triple axle

$6900

2010 Trail King 25-ft. pintle trailer, 10K axles, electric brakes

$12,000

New Circle D pickup flatbeds

$90 each

New Knapheide

12-ft. 3” flatbed with stake sides, headache rack

$3500

DOOLITTLE 30-FT. GOOSENECK 22K GVW, spare, truss frame, receiver hitch on rear, mammoth ramps

“SPECIAL”

$16,995

CK! O T NS

I

TURNOVER BALL A hitch when you need it...

A level bed when you don’t

Mounts to rails bolted under the bed, or attaches easily to B&W’s turnover ball gooseneck hitch. Easy adjustment of height & lateral positions.

COMPANION™

NEW DIAMOND C Low Profile Dump Trailers with tarps

LPT 305 16-ft. gooseneck with (3) 7000 lb. axles, telescopic hoist.......$23,195 LPT 207 14-ft. gooseneck with (2) 7000 lb. axles..................................$17,995 LPT 207 14-ft. bumper pull with (2) 7000 lb. axles, telescopic hoist......$15,995

5th WHEEL RV HITCH

IN STOCK

LOOK enclosed trailers in stock

NEW DIAMOND C Bumper Pull Tilt Trailers

20-ft. • 22-ft. & 24-ft. with 7000 lb., 8000 lb. & 10,000 lb. axles Diamond C 20-ft. full tilt, 82” wide, 14,900 GVW..............$11,895 Diamond C 22-ft. 6+16, partial tilt, 14,900 GVW, 82” wide...$12,495

NEW HEAVY DUTY FLATBED GOOSENECK TRAILERS

Diamond C 32-ft., (2) 12,000 lb. axles, Max ramps............................ $24,995 Doolittle 32-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps................................ $18,495 Circle D 31-ft. (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps.................................. $16,995 Circle D 31-ft., (3) 7000 lb. axles, Max ramps.................................... $15,995 Doolittle 30-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps................................ $17,995 Circle D 25-ft., (2) 7000 lb. torsion axles, Max ramps........................ $12,995

Diamond C low profile, scissor lift trailer, 12-ft.x77”, tread plate floor, 7000 lb. axles, 16” tires...........................................................$5995

NEW BUMPER PULL UTILITY TRAILERS

• 5-ft. x 8-ft. to 83” x 14-ft.

PRONGHORN UTILITY AVAILABLE

Large Trailer Parts Inventory!

Axles • Springs • Lights • Fenders • Straps • Tie-downs • Jacks • Bearings & Seals • Etc.

• TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT •

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 – Page B13

Biro 22 Meat Saw

O S

D L Butcher Boy

Mixer Grinder

Sand & Slag Abrasives

RAILROAD FLAT CARS For Bridges

TANK CARS

For Non Potable Water Storage

HOPPER BOTTOM CARS Great for grain storage

Buying

Automotive & Heavy Industrial Batteries

Call Jim Filipowicz 1 800-334-5964

• Stainless Steel Sheets • Flat Bar • Pipe • Angle Square Tubing • Round Bar

Overseas Containers For Sale 20-ft., 40-ft. & 45-ft.

(406) 761-4848 Fax (406) 791-6708 Steel Department & Salvage Yard Monday-Friday 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Saturday USEABLE SALVAGE DIVISION • Limited Quantities

USED SUCKER ROD: 3/4”, 7/8” and 1” 25-ft. lengths

Leather Gloves In Stock

NEW 20-ft. Containers

BLACK PIPE

WE SELL NEW & USED • Tubing • Pipe • Angle Iron • Plate

Overseas Flats - 8’x40’ Great for bridges

NEW STEEL plate & beams IN STOCK Call Adam, Joe, or Ty

NEW Rebar

Used dough mixers

3/8” & 1/2” - 20-ft. lengths

NEW! SURPLUS ROUND TUBING Great for corrals

20-ft. & 24-ft. lengths

11/4”, 11/2” & 17/8 O.D.

Used Drill Pipe 23/8”, 27/8”, 31/2”, 4” & 41/2”

Used Electric Motors & Boxes

6” New A53B well casing, 20-ft. lengths....

LAND ROLLER PIPE 42”, & 60” Heavy Wall

We Buy Old Farm Tractors & Combines FOR SCRAP

Various sizes available – CALL

#1 Used Railroad ties $2600 each

#2 Railroad ties - $1800 each

✗✗✗ Fencing Supplies ✗✗✗ Round Tubing Great for corrals 11/4”, 11/2” & 17/8 O.D.

20-ft. & 24-ft. lengths

Chicago Heights Steel Fence Posts – All made in America

51/2’ & 6’ T1.33#

] Sucker Rod Hangers ]

Call for pricing

CATTLE GUARDS

GALVANIZED STEEL GUARDRAIL POSTS $13.50/ea.

$300each Used 5-ft. Guard Rail Posts 16.5 CAL tie wire

12.5 ga. 2 point Barbed Wire American Made Red Brand OK Steel Round steel post caps 3 1/ 2” & 2 7 /8”

New 12” - 48” Steel Culvert

5” channel construction on bottom with 3” channel on top 10-, 12-, 14- & 16-ft. available

New 12” - 30” Poly Culvert

12” Standard Galvanized Guard Rails

26-ft. Lengths Available

WE BUY COPPER • BRASS • ALUMINUM • IRON TRADE SCRAP FOR CASH OR NEW MATERIAL

NEW STEEL, SALVAGE, AND RECYCLING ALL IN ONE LOCATION

GREAT FALLS 1408 52nd Street North • Great Falls, MT 59405 (406) 761-4848 • 1-800-334-5964

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B14

1960 Chevrolet Biscayne Phone (406) 450-8200, Conrad, Montana 4 door, 3-speed manual transmission and online 6 cylinder, 95,000 original miles. New shocks, starter, carpet and U-joints. New seats covers and cushioning, Dayton true spoke 14” rims and new tires, Starts and runs great!...................... MOTIVATED SELLER

WELDER FOR SALE

Lincoln Shield-Arc SA-250 variable voltage DC with welding power source 110V and 220V. Machine is also capable of running a wire machine. $ Perkins diesel, excellent condition..................

5000

Phone (406) 544-5209 if no answer - leave message

LOOKING FOR I am looking for the whereabouts of a 1966 Wagner WA17 4-wheel drive tractor. It has a 8V71 Detroit diesel motor with 10 speed transmission.

There were only 5 of the 17 equipped with the Detroit motor.

This tractor was sold at a farm auction near Geraldine, MT in the early 1990’s.

Our relatives farmed with this tractor

by Big Sandy, MT If you have any information on this tractor, please call Randall Tyler, (406) 378-2212, leave message

www.centrol-llc.com

Budgets tight? Did you sign up for a fertility enhancement program? Contact us today!

Know exactly what nutrients are in your soil and where with soil sampling from Centrol.

0-6 inch, 6-24 inch & 24-42 inch depths Composite or Zone Sampling with prescription writing.

3 GPS guided trucks available.

Standard Analysis, Complete Analysis, Soil Health and more Independently owned, serving the Golden Triangle since 1985.

Joel Farkell Jeff Farkell CCA CPAg/CCA 406-581-6243 406-788-4875 centrol_llc@outlook.com

What are the benefits of adding vinegar to chicken water?

From Freedom Ranger Hatchery Continuously rotate with plain water so your Did you know that adding white vinegar chicken stays comfortable and hydrated. or apple cider vinegar to chicken water is a Additionally, avoid using apple cider simple step many flock owners overlook? vinegar when your chickens are on certain It’s an easy, everyday habit that can be part antibiotics because ACV can neutralize of your natural chicken care routine, helping some medications. you stay proactive about your flock’s health.

Tip: Only use plastic or rubber waterers Vinegar can fit seamlessly into your when adding vinegar. Acids can corrode daily routine, from understanding the right metal, potentially leading to harmful zinc amounts to knowing the best times to ofleaching into your chickens’ water. By folfer it. So, let’s explore how much to add, lowing these simple steps, you can safely when to give it, and practical tips for using include ACV in your flock’s routine and it safely so you can make confident choices feel confident that you’re supporting their that support your chickens’ well-being, dihealth naturally. gestion, and overall vitality.

White Vinegar in Chicken Water Why Use Vinegar for Chicken Health?

If you don’t have apple cider vinegar on Adding vinegar to your chickens’ water hand, white vinegar can also be helpful, can help support their overall health, aid particularly as a cleaning aid or mild disdigestion, and create an environment that infectant for waterers and feeders. While it discourages the growth of harmful bactedoesn’t offer probiotics, white vinegar still ria. When used correctly, vinegar acts as a contains acetic acid, which: natural supplement rather than a cure-all, Helps control algae and biofilm buildup making it an integral part of a balanced in drinkers poultry care routine.

Can reduce mineral deposits and keep Using vinegar for chicken health can help equipment cleaner your birds maintain a strong gut, which Provides mild antibacterial support in improves nutrient absorption, boosts imwater munity, and keeps your flock thriving — White vinegar is a great option for mainall essential if you want productive hens taining a clean environment, but apple cider and healthy meat birds. By incorporating vinegar is the better choice for its internal vinegar into their water, you take a simple, health benefits. natural step to care for your flock daily.

How Much White Vinegar to Add? Apple Cider Vinegar in Chicken Water When using white vinegar in water for Using apple cider vinegar (ACV) in your cleaning or mild antibacterial support, it’s chickens’ water can provide several benefits important to follow the safe vinegar dosage that support their overall health and wellfor poultry to protect your flock and their being. ACV’s acids and trace minerals help drinkers: maintain a balanced gut, improve nutrient 1–2 tablespoons per gallon of water for absorption, strengthen immunity, and keep daily maintenance of drinkers and feeders your flock thriving.

Use it in rotation with plain water to avoid Some of the key benefits of apple cider over-acidifying your flock’s system if you vinegar for chickens include: are giving it internally Improve Digestion: Support healthy diAlways stick to plastic or rubber waterers gestion in chickens with apple cider vinegar to prevent corrosion from the acid by keeping the pH levels in the digestive By using white vinegar thoughtfully, you tract balanced. It also helps chickens digest can clean your flock’s environment while food more efficiently, and the probiotics supporting overall health and safety. from “the mother” support a healthy gut When Should You Add Vinegar? microbiome.

You might wonder when it’s best to Nutrient Boost: Boosting nutrient absorpinclude vinegar in your chickens’ water. tion so your birds get the most from their While vinegar can be a helpful addition to feed your flock’s routine, timing it correctly can Boost Your Chickens’ Immune Systems: maximize its benefits and keep your birds Lower the pH in the digestive tract, so it’s healthy and comfortable. You can use vinless welcoming to harmful pathogens like egar water strategically during times when E. coli and coccidiosis. your chickens might need extra support, Keep Water Cleaner: Reduce harmful such as: bacteria in water lines and drinkers by using Seasonal changes — helping your birds apple cider vinegar to reduce the buildup of cope with heat stress in summer or cold green algae. snaps in winter Increase Water Intake: Encouraging Periods of stress — such as flock intehydration during hot weather by keeping gration, transportation, or moving to a new water fresher longer, and many chickens coop enjoy the taste!

Molting season — when your chickens Reduce Smell: Apple cider vinegar can need extra nutritional support to grow new also help reduce the odor from chicken feathers droppings.

After antibiotic treatments — to help By adding ACV to your chicken’s water, restore a balanced gut microbiome you’re taking a simple, natural step that can Always check labels or consult a poultry help your flock stay productive, healthy, and care expert for guidance. By timing vinegar more resilient. correctly, you can give your flock natural How Much Apple Cider Vinegar to Put support exactly when they need it most. in Chicken Water?

When Should Vinegar Not Be Used in Getting the dosage right is essential Chicken Water? to keep your chickens healthy and avoid Even natural supplements have limits, upsetting their digestive system. A general and there are times when vinegar may do guideline you can follow is: more harm than good. You should skip 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar per vinegar if: gallon of water.

Birds are showing soft eggshells, since You don’t need to give it every day. Ofacidic water can reduce calcium absorption fering vinegar water a few days each week, You use metal drinkers because vinegar especially during stress, molting, or introcan corrode them and release harmful toxins ducing new birds, is enough to support your flock without over-acidifying their system.

CONTINUED ON PAGE B15

actionfarmtoys.com 406-651-8199 2274 SE Shiloh Rd. Billings MT 59106 9am-5pm Mon.-Sat.

1/16 John Deere 7720 Titan II Combine with 2 Heads

#4 in JD Prestige Select High Detail Series. Green roof, 4WD heavy-duty rear axle, rear stalk chopper plus 643 6-row corn head and 224 24-ft. "paddle" grain head. Features opening cab door & engine panel, movable auger, ladder and feeder housing. Includes poster and Certificate of Authenticity. Made by Ertl, die-cast metal, approx. 25¼" L x 18½" W, for ages 14 & up. Stock #45962

$

686

00

What are the benefits of adding vinegar to chicken water?

CONTINUED FROM PAGE B14

WANTED TO BUY

Ford pickups 1967-1979 Toyota Tacoma pickups 1979-2004 Dodge power wagons 1948-1970 Willy’s Jeeps Ford Broncos 1978-1981 Any Condition - Paying Top Dollar Located in Helena Call today (406) 594-5000

FULL UNITS OF #3 GRADE 1” MATERIAL! Big markdown on full units of #3 grade 1” boards!

Call for pricing and remaining units left!

Pricing and availability subject to change.

Product sold as is, no exchanges or returns.

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I believe the Krogmann BaleBed is the most outstanding bed on the market. I like the features this bed has over the competition.”

- Roger Miller, Booker, TX Side toolboxes 30” Lx17” H x 12” D standard size of 12 ga. steel with stainless steel hinges and latch.

Custom built Across the bed toolbox shorter or longer beds. 70”Lx1O”H x 20’W - complete Standard Equip: with stainless steel hinges, arm extensions, gn tray and gas shock. & receiver hitches, side rails, lights, trailer plug & pioneer Lift, Haul and dump with the Krogmann Carry-All quick connects.

1-877-745-3783 • www.krogmannmfg.com

Chickens are on medicated water, as vinegar can interfere with specific treatments Your chickens are experiencing digestive upset or reduced appetite Always observe your flock after introducing any change. Chickens are great at signaling what’s working and what isn’t. Knowing when not to use vinegar is just as important as knowing when to use it, so you can keep your birds safe and healthy.

Ready to Give Your Chickens a Natural Boost?

Adding apple cider or white vinegar to chicken water is an easy, low-cost way to support your flock’s health. It helps maintain digestion, keeps waterers cleaner, and gives your chickens extra support — whether you have backyard layers or Freedom Ranger broilers.

Mixing apple cider vinegar (ACV) into your chickens’ drinking water offers several health advantages.

It aids in digestion, strengthens their immune system, and creates a more acidic environment in the gut, which can make it harder for parasites like coccidiosis to thrive. Additional perks include less smelly droppings, cleaner waterers thanks to reduced algae growth, and improved hydration since many chickens enjoy the flavor. Just be sure to use the proper amount and stick to plastic waterers to avoid metal corrosion.

Start small, watch your flock, and adjust as needed.

For more tips on natural poultry care, check out our resources at Freedom Ranger Hatchery to help your birds thrive year after year. ##### How did Crayola celebrate producing their 100 billionth crayon?

In 1996, Fred Rogers, host of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, molded the 100 billionth Crayola crayon. The special crayon was colored “Blue Ribbon” and symbolized creativity and childhood education. This event underscored Crayola’s impact on generations of children and its connection to educational and cultural milestones.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B15

ANIMAL BEDDING & FIREWOOD FOR SALE Perfect for horses and calving barns.

Sawdust - $2500/ton Mulch - $2500/ton

Call about volume/semi load discount and delivery options

Firewood - $80 - 10000/ton

EVERGREEN WOOD PRODUCTS LLC

406-374-2216

3823 Seright Road • Moore, MT 59464

(406) 428-2272

TOM’S SHOP Grass Range, MT

2024 Dodge 5500 drw diesel, reg. cab with New DewEze. 2026 Chev 3500 double cab, gas srw with a New DewEze

FLAMAN RENTALS Ag Equipment Construction Manure Spreaders Post Pounder Portable Chute Rock Picker Rock Rake Gopher Mound Leveler 10' No-Till Drill 26' Min-Till Drill 50' Land Rollers Hydraulic Hoses

Mini-Excavator Mini or Maxi Trackhoe Land Leveler 40-ft Man Lift Skid Steer

plus attachments:

Brush Mower Jack Hammer Post Hole Digger Post Pounder

Trailers Delivery Available

FOR SALE

RITEWAY 50-ft Land Roller Narrow Transport $49,500

SOVEMA 12-wheel Hay Rake Ground Driven $6,900

NEW!

Hutton Livestock

CATTLE OILERS Freestanding insecticide oiler, mineral tub, and rubbing post.

LATTIN & SONS

Power 406-467-3454

Conrad 406-450-1064

LattinAndSons.com

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B16

Montana’s ONLY locally owned and operated Ag, Construction & Trucking paper.

ALL production of ads and content is done in offices located in Montana.

NO outsourcing of ad design.

You will ALWAYS work with a representative located in Montana.

CALL TODAY TO PLACE OUR AD!

Office: 406.271.5533

Spring Pipe Sale 3 1/2” Used Poly Lined - 31’ Lengths - $59/Joint 4 1/2” Used Casing - 42’ Average Lengths - $99/Joint Call to inquire about other sizes in stock

Prices FOB Glendive, MT Selling good quality used pipe and steel at competitive prices.

Delivery available

Phone - 406-480-2979 Modular Homes and Cabins Residental • Recreational Engineered & Inspected

New!

Now Offering Modulars in sizes up to 1920 sq. feet

Heartland Cabin Company

Phone 406•366•4539 2426 Farren Hill Road • Moore, MT 59464 Email: heartlandcc@ibyfax.com

CALL OR EMAIL FOR MORE INFORMATION

OR STOP IN TO SEE OUR DISPLAY CABINS MON-FRI 7-5 • SAT BY APPOINTMENT

Master Gardener: Summer reads for the gardener and enthusiast

By Kirstee Schutte , Nebraska Extension Master Gardener Volunteer Summer is always a good time to crack open a book on the patio or lawn chair. If you are looking for some good reads this summer, here’s a list of some books I have enjoyed and learned more about plants and the planet.

Michael Pollan’s “Botany of Desire.” In it, Pollan discusses four plants integral to our human history: the apple tree, the tulip, cannabis, and the potato. He explores how humans have affected the evolution of plants and, in turn, how plants have affected our evolution as well. He argues that domestication is not a one-way process where humans simply control plants. It’s worth the read, and it might just change how you think about the relationship between humans and nature.

“Braiding Sweetgrass” by botanist and citizen of the Potawatomi Nation, Suzanne Kimmerer. In it, Kimmerer challenges the use of Earth’s natural resources and how we view them as mere commodities. She encourages the reader to become a naturalized steward of their homeland by caring for it. She asserts that restoring our land also requires repairing our relationship with it.

“A Botanist Vocabulary” by Susan K. Pell and Bobbi Angell. This book is one of my favorites for its organized, technical definitions complemented by beautiful illustrations. It covers plant structures, morphology, taxonomic terminology, environmental and developmental terms, and more. It’s a wonderful resource for any gardener or green industry professional.

“Finding the Mother Tree” by forest ecologist Suzanne Simard. In this book, Simard examines how trees communicate and cooperate through a vast underground fungal network, challenging the view of forests as a collection of individual trees. She discusses her research, which shows trees share resources, recognize kin, and are connected by “Mother Trees.”

“The Holistic Orchard” by Michael Phillips. It’s a comprehensive guide to organic fruit production that emphasizes working with nature by focusing on soil health, biodiversity, and creating a balanced ecosystem rather than just fighting pests and disease. It covers orchard design, planting, pruning, and pest management for a wide variety of fruits.

Especially useful are the five holistic spray ingredients and five essential spray times. This book is for you whether you are a budding orchardist, planning an edible landscape, or just have a couple of fruit trees.

May is National Hamburger Month There’s no doubt that burgers of all kinds are the mainstay of backyard barbecues everywhere.

Certainly, they are the cash cow of most fast food restaurants, and they also seem to come in at least a thousand different varieties. The smell of one cooking is enough to set mouths to salivating and stomachs to rumbling.

History of National Hamburger Month There is a strange fact that many people don’t know about one of the most popular ‘cuts’ of meat out there today. Honest to goodness, the hamburger started out as garbage meat.

Seriously, it was made from the waste that was produced in the process of butchering the more desirable cuts of meat from the cow, such as the steak or the roast. That’s right, this delicious sandwich that is known around the world actually began its life as a byproduct from the unwanted meats, the left-over slices from shaping up meat, and the general detritus of tissue that was left after those cattle were butchered.

Eating hamburger used to mean that people simply couldn’t afford to eat a pricier cut of meat.

Despite its less than auspicious beginnings, this interesting sandwich went on through largely unrecorded channels to become the most popular part of the backyard meal. The hamburger can now be found in thousands of different locations with variations that range from the amazing to the simply bizarre. Many restaurants and grocers have even started providing burgers in various other meats, from turkey and chicken to buffalo and emu! Plus, there’s the delicious black bean veggie burger.

Dakota Gardener: Petunias - Tried and true

By Kelsey Deckert, Horticulture agent, NDSU Extension - Burleigh County generally more compact. They do better in We all have our favorite flowers that, wet weather and work well in mass plantdespite not being perennials, we plant in ings. Popular varieties are Celebrity, Carpet, our gardens every year. The number one Madness and Hurrah Series. flower that I plant each year is petunias. I Milliflora have miniature flowers that are consider them the “tried and true” flowers 1-1.5 inches wide. They work well for conof my garden. The meaning of “tried and tainers and edging in a flower bed. Fantasy true” is proven good, desirable or known and Picobella Series are popular choices. to be reliable.

Spreading petunias are varieties that Gardeners who plant petunias know they grow quickly and fill large spaces. They are easy to grow and require minimal mainare low-growing and withstand drought and tenance, which are top priorities for me. heat very well. The Wave Series is the most What I most admire about petunias is their popular of spreading petunias. ability to spread. I have a tiered raised bed, I look forward to taking my time in the and I love that I can plant a few petunias that greenhouse, thoroughly selecting petunias will completely cover each tier and serve as for my garden each spring. Nothing beats a focal point of my yard. Another aspect of seeing the colors and variations of the petunias that makes them a popular flower flowers. When selecting petunias from a is that they bloom from spring up until frost. greenhouse, select vibrant, stocky, compact Talk about a showstopper! plants. Tall and spindly petunias will take Petunias need five to six hours of sunlonger to recover from transplanting shock light, but they do best in full sun all day. in the garden. Once in the garden, sit back They tolerate a lot of heat and don’t require and enjoy these tried-and-true flowers all much water. Petunias benefit from fertilsummer long. izing every few weeks and deadheading.

For more information about petunias, There are hundreds of petunia varieties contact your local NDSU Extension agent. to choose from. Petunias fall into different Find the Extension office for your county categories based on their growth habit and at www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/extension/ flower size: grandiflora, multiflora, millifextension-county-offices. lora and spreading types.

Grandiflora produce the largest flowers (about 5 inches across) that can be DELTA Harrow 20-ft. a single or a double flower.

They have fewer flowers • Hydraulic Fold than the other types, and • 5/8” Tines their blooms don’t hold up the best in wet weather.

Common grandiflora varieties are Dreams, Ultra, Supercascade and Storm Series.

Multiflora have smaller DELTA Harrow 24-ft. flowers that, again, can be a single or a double flower • Hydraulic Fold that are 1-2 inches wide.

They produce more flow• 5/8” Tines ers than grandiflora and are

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B17

We sell and service waste oil heaters in Montana and Wyoming.

ITEMS FOR SALE

1972 Fruehauf lowboy, 9-ft. wide, 18-ft. well. Good condition........................................................................$7500 1992 International tandem truck, 3406B Cat, 15 speed.

Has B model cap engine, wet kit, 5th wheel plate...$6500 All-terrian offroad flatbed truck, mounted on tracks. Good on steep and wet ground. Good condition............$9500 International TD dozer for parts, low hours. Good condition........................................................................$2000

WANTED

1967-1979 4-door Ford truck, 2WD or 4x4, running or not, preferably with no rust and few dents.

1965-1975 full size Ford car, perferably with big block engine. In good condition.

Phone (406) 560-0703

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DELTA Harrow 28-ft.

• Hydraulic Fold • 5/8” Tines

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2026 Ideal ID205 Post Pounder • Electric start • Kohler engine • Easy operation EST LEASE PRICING $3446/YEAR

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 – Page B18

2005 Volvo L120E Loader

Heat and A/C, QA, very clean, government machine.................. ...................................................................................$62,000

2019 Case TR340 Skidsteer

Heat and A/C, QA, good tracks..................................$35,000

2019 Cat 236D Skidsteer

Heat and A/C, Q/A ,2 speed, 1596 hours ready to work............

....................................................................... $35,000

2019 Bobcat S450 Skidsteer

Hours 1870, open ROPS, nice machine just serviced................. ...................................................................................$23,000

2013 Genie 1056 Telehandler

Open ROPS, 3680 hours, great running machine......$45,000

2011 Bobcat S100 Skidsteer

Hours 1160, hand foot controls. Perfect for stall cleaning, new bucket....................................................................$20,000

2011 Ford F450 Fire/paramedic

2017 Case TR340 Skidsteer

Diesel, 97,853 miles, excellent condition...................$41,900

Heat and A/C, QA, good tracks, highflow, 1861 hours................ ...................................................................................$45,000

1975 Cat 950 Loader

Open ROPS, good condition......................................$22,000

2014 Gehl RS10-55 Telehandler

2017 Gehl RS10-55 Telehandler

Enclosed cab, bucket and chains, 3840 hours...........$62,000

Additional photos & information at

Enclosed cab, 5910 hours..........................................$52,000

www.affordableconstructionequipment.com

Billings, Montana

• BUY • SELL Big Timber, Montana • RENT Greg 406-690-2754 Jim 406-690-0737 2015 Skyjack Sj40T

Hours 2466, ready to work.........................................$30,000

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 – Page B19

2007 JLG 400S Boom Lift

Hours 2708, clean, great running machine, all operates as should.........................................................................$28,000

2005 Bobcat S250 Skidsteer

2021 Deere 331G Skidsteer

Hours 850, very clean, heat, air conditioing, QA, Ready to work............................................................................$59,000

Hours 3251, open ROPS, good machine...................$22,500

2020 Cat 262D3 Skidsteer

2640 hours, heat and A/C, 2 speed, radio, camera, clean.......... ...................................................................................$39,500

2022 Bobcat UW56

2007 Gehl RS8-42 Telehandler

Enclosed cab, heat, ready to work.............................$30,000

2014 Genie GTH 844

Hours 7076 heat, air conditioning, cab good condition.............. ...................................................................................$35,000

1978 Cat 623B Scraper

Owner operator machine. Good machine...................$55,000

2017 Cat 906M Loader

2015 Gehl RS10-55 Telehandler

Open ROPS. Great machine, 3910 hours..................$50,000

Additional photos & information at www.affordableconstructionequipment.com

Like new, 60 hours, Q/A, heat, A/C, tire chains, hydraulic box.... ...................................................................................$65,000

QA, highflow, radio, 2 speed, 3709 hours snow removal use...... ...................................................................................$65,000

1980 Cat 950B Loader

7000 hours. Great running machine...........................$39,000

2017 Cat 906M Loader

Q/A, highflow, radio, 2 speed, 3057 hours snow removal use..... ...................................................................................$65,000

Billings, Montana

• BUY • SELL Big Timber, Montana • RENT Greg 406-690-2754 Jim 406-690-0737

Give Greg or Jim a Call!

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B20

NEW

POST HOLE AUGERS

Suggested ways to manage rising fertilizer costs

USED TRACTORS

Farmall 504 tractor with Ford HD post pounder....................$5500 John Deere S100 lawn tractor with snowblower. Like new......$4500 Ford 860 tractor, good condition..... .........................................$3500 Oliver 88 project tractor.........$1000

KIOTI TRACTORS Standard Duty & Heavy Duty 9” & 12” Augers

IN STOCK Call us for all your equipment needs PARTS UNIT

Ford 2000 Select-o-Speed

MISCELLANEOUS

Front Dozer Blade manual adjust.

Fits various models..........$2500 Used hydraulic log splitter on trailer........................................$750

Kioti RX7320PC tractor with KL7320 loader, cab, heat, A/C, power shuttle transmission, 4WD, Cat II 3-point, 540 PTO.... 1 in stock Kioti DK5320SEH tractor with KL5521 loader, cab, heat, a/c, HST transmission, 4WD, 53 hp, 540 PTO, Cat I 3-point .............. .................................. 1 in stock Kioti DK4720SEH tractor, KL5521 loader, 4WD, HST transmission, Cat I 3-point, 540 PTO............... .................................. 1 in stock Kioti CK3520H tractor with KL4030 loader, 4WD, HST transmission, Cat I 3-point, 540 PTO............... .................................. 1 in stock Kioti CK2620H tractor with KL4030 loader, 4WD, HST transmission, Cat I 3-point, 540 PTO............... .................................. 2 in stock Kioti CX2510H tractor with KL5510 loader, 25 hp, 4WD, Cat I 3-point, 540 PTO, HST transmission....... .................................. 1 in stock Kioti CS2210H tractor with SL2410 loader........................ 2 in stock

MISCELLANEOUS ATTACHMENTS

Leinbach heavy duty post hole auger 9”............................$1000 Pallet fork SSQA....................$1000 WR Long 8-ft. front blade, manual.. .........................................$2850 NEW Danuser SSQA pallet forks.... .........................................$1125 3-point Quick Hitch, category 1.$405 Spud plow................................$250 Man cage.................................$755 John Deere 2 bottom plow......$995 5-ft. back blade........................$450 3-point bale spear....................$350 Post hole digger with 4 augers...$750 One bottom plow.....................$600

HARDEE IMPLEMENTS 72” finish mower....................$3300

We have

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attachments New Eagle 560HD........ $1050 New Eagle 566HD........ $1210 New Eagle 672HD........ $1320 New Eagle 784 HD....... #1415 New Eagle 7-ft. 3 point rear blade......................... $1225 New Eagle 8-ft. 3 point rear blade......................... $1300

Ford sickle mower.................$1250 Herd 3-point seeder, 9.5 bushels, PTO driven.........................$950 3-point bale spear....................$300 John Deere 6600 combine, gas, pickup header...................$2000 Massey-Ferguson 510 combine, Perkins diesel...................$3250 Ford Major tractor.................$1250 New Holland 855 round baler.$3850 New Holland 1033 balewagon........ ......................................... CALL Ford 850 tractor....................$2500 New Holland 1032 balewagon........ .........................................$6000

chippers and

log grapples available.

Helfert’s Helena Farm Supply Phone (406) 227-6821

East Helena, Montana

Serving HELENA and surrounding areas over 75 YEARS!

Come visit us at www.helenafarmsupply.com

From the MSU News Service Rising fertilizer prices are a concern for agricultural producers, according to Andrew Swanson, Montana State University Extension farm management specialist in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics, who, along with MSU Extension specialist Clain Jones, have provided some insight for managing fertilizer costs.

“Even though the U.S. produces the majority of its own nitrogen fertilizer, fertilizer prices are susceptible to global shocks, just like Montana wheat prices can be affected by supply conditions in Australia or Canada,” Swanson said.

According to a report from the Center for Strategic and International Studies, approximately 20% to 30% of global fertilizer exports, especially urea, travel through the Strait of Hormuz, trade that has been impacted by the current war.

Swanson said trade disruptions have caused current cash urea prices at New Orleans wholesale terminals to rise from $360 per ton in February to almost $650 per ton in March, while urea prices in Montana have risen from $700 per ton to about $1,000 per ton.

Farmers are experiencing tight margins as the price of wheat and other grains has fallen almost 40% since the first year of the Russia-Ukraine War, while input costs remain high. According to Swanson, in a tight margin environment, the most important factor for producers is nitrogen cost per pound. “At $1,000 per ton of urea, a pound of urea costs $0.50. Since urea is 46% nitrogen, a pound of nitrogen costs $1.09 when supplied by urea. This means that each additional pound of nitrogen applied needs to generate at least $1.09 of revenue through higher yields or protein premiums.”

One way to track the needed yield gain from urea fertilizer is to divide nitrogen cost per pound by the local wheat price per bushel, Swanson said.

“Golden Triangle prices for 12% protein winter wheat averaged $5.16 per bushel in February and have increased to $5.52,” Swanson said. “This means a pound of nitrogen in February costs 0.15 bushels, while today it costs 0.20 bushels. If the aim is to grow 12% protein wheat, each additional pound of nitrogen applied per acre needs to increase yield by 0.20 bushels.”

If the Middle East conflict resolves in the coming weeks, Swanson said he still expects price impacts to linger into next year’s growing season.

“Typically, major disruptions like this take at least a year to cool,” Swanson said. “Urea prices for delivery in late summer are $100 to $150 lower than current prices. A permanent ceasefire could drive those lower but likely not to costs seen before the conflict. One way to manage prolonged elevated prices is by prepaying the local fertilizer supplier.

Farmers can often negotiate 5% to 10% price discounts through preordering.”

Swanson also mentioned new insurance products. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has now approved margin protection plans for wheat in select Montana counties. This is a more comprehensive insurance product that protects against rising input costs, not just decreases in revenue from reduced prices or yields. Farmers can speak with their local crop insurance agent to learn more.

Clain Jones, MSU Extension soil fertility specialist and professor in the Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, recommends several strategies to optimize dollars spent on fertilizer.

With a range of available fertilizer products, including granular and liquid, it’s important to know the fertilizer cost per pound of nutrient. For example, the nitrogen cost per pound of urea could be compared to the cost per pound of nitrogen for liquid nitrogen, which is generally either 28% or 32% nitrogen. As of April 2, liquid nitrogen costs approximately 10% more than granular nitrogen on a per pound basis, according to the USDA Pacific Northwest Production Cost Report. (Similar calculations can be made for adjustments with phosphorus fertilizers.)

“Producers may be asking how much to cut back on nitrogen fertilizer rates based on increased costs,” Jones said.

“MSU has an online small grains nitrogen rate calculator that uses fertilizer costs, grain prices and protein discounts from the USDA to estimate the optimal available soil nitrogen to maximize profit for spring wheat, winter wheat and barley.”

He provided an estimate example using April 2, 2026, values, where a 50 bushel per acre spring wheat crop provides maximum profit when provided 1.8 pounds of available nitrogen per bushel, where available nitrogen is fertilizer plus soil nitrogen to 2 feet. That compares to the optimum of 2.3 CONTINUED ON PAGE B21

Suggested ways to manage rising fertilizer costs CONTINUED FROM PAGE B20

pounds of available nitrogen per bushel using early February prices. The difference between applying 2.3 pounds or 1.8 pounds per bushel equates to 50,000 pounds of nitrogen for a farm producing 100,000 bushels of wheat. Producers can use the calculator to calculate optimum nitrogen rates for specific fields, crops and fertilizer costs.

Jones pointed out that minimizing nutrient losses is also important to optimize fertilizer dollars. Volatilization, or loss to the air, of nitrogen fertilizers is likely the largest loss of nitrogen in Montana. Previous MSU research found that, on average, 18% of urea escapes to the air. The loss was much lower when urea was applied shortly before a half-inch of rain fell or when the urea was treated with a urease inhibitor. Liquid nitrogen tends to volatilize somewhat less than granular nitrogen.

Placing ammonium-based fertilizers, including urea, at least 2 inches below the soil surface can mostly stop volatilization, according to Jones.

Another potential loss of nitrogen fertilizer is through downward movement below the rootzone, called nitrate leaching. Jones and colleagues have found that replacing summer fallow with pea can greatly reduce nitrate leaching.

Planting legumes, like peas and alfalfa, can also save on nitrogen fertilizer costs because bacteria on legume roots convert nitrogen gas into plant-available nitrogen; these crops don’t need nitrogen fertilizer.

Rates of nitrogen can also generally be reduced for crops grown after legumes, Jones added.

“Soil testing in spring, using realistic yield goals when calculating nitrogen requirements and applying conservative nitrogen amounts near the time of seeding, followed by more in-season nitrogen only if spring rains increase yield potential, should also save on nitrogen costs,” said Jones.

With high nitrogen fertilizer prices, Jones suggested this may be an excellent year for producers to adopt CONTINUED ON PAGE B22

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B21

2008 John Deere 772D motor grader, 6x6, 14-ft. mold board, front lift group with 12-ft. dual direction snowplow, scarifier, Cat controls, new documented engine, one owner, ex-municipal, 7,700 hour, very nice........ Call

1996 Ford F450 4x4 cab & chassis, 7.3 Powerstroke diesel, automatic, air/heat, cruise, tilt, 84” cab to axle, 5.13 gear ratio, hard to find low mileage Powerstroke chassis, one owner, very nice, 104,000 miles..................................... Call

2000 John Deere 310E loader backhoe, 4x4, extend-a-hoe, full cab, wobble stick controls, extremely nice all original one owner, ex-municipal machine with only 1,185 hours............................................Call

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1999 Elliot 200kw/250kva generator, 120/208/240/277/480 volt, 1-3 phase, multi switch, diesel motor, only 62 hours, absolutely brand new, pre-emissions generator.... ............................................................... Call

2005 Freightliner M2 service truck, Cat diesel, Allison automatic, 160 CFM high output compressor, fuel service tank, enclosed body with roll up doors, rear work bench, 115,000 miles complete..................................................... Call

2000 Ditch Witch 5110dd trencher, backhoe, 6-way blade, shark teeth/shovel, combination chain, diesel, very nice ex-utility company machine with only 750 original hours.... ............................................................... Call

1998 Case CX80 farm tractor with front end loader, 84 hp, 2WD, left hand reverse, 3 pt., 540/1000 PTO, quick attach, loader in near new condition, one owner, 5,700 hours.. Call

1990 White/Autocar cab & chassis, 855 Cummins, 18 speed, full locking rear ends, 173” cab to trunnion, heavy spec long frame truck........................................................ Call

2005 Hyster 45XM shop style indoor/outdoor forklift, LGP propane, 4300 lb. capacity, 171” 3 stage mast, side shift, only 1,000 hours, very nice, ex-municipal forklift............................ Call 2005 Case/Astec 960 trencher, 6-way blade, front backhoe, combination chain rear crumbler, Cummins diesel, complete. 2,500 hours.... ................................................................... Call 2008 Komatsu WA200PT-5 front end wheel loader, high reach, new Grab Tech grapple fork, quick attach, factory 3rd & 4th valve hydraulics, auto shift, very nice, tight, clean, one owner ex-municipal machine, 8900 hours....................................................... Call 2001 Cat 924GZ front end wheel loader, factory 3rd & 4th valve hydraulics, full cab, air/heat, all original paint, very tight, clean, ex-municipal, one ownerr loader. Very, very nice, 8100 hours, (grapple forks available)............................. Call

1994 JD 444E front end wheel loader, JRB quick attach, auxiliary 3rd valve hydraulics, air/heat, new tires, tight clean machine, 8000 hours........................................................... Call

2018 Skyjack 10054 telescopic forklift, 10,000 lb. capacity, 54-ft. reach, outriggers, composite tires, very nice clean late model machine, 1,600 hours............................. Call

2001 International roll off dump truck, dump body with high lift tailgate, removeable bed with multiple use applications, front reversable snowplow, M11 Cummins diesel, 13 speed, 200,000 miles, lots of truck. Complete, very nice............................................................. Call

2008 Peterbilt 367 cab & chassis preemissions, 15-liter Cummins diesel, Allison automatic, 78,000 lb. GVWR, heavy specs, 150” cab to trunnion, 213” frame, rust free, 122,000 miles, ultimate feed truck chassis.... ............................................................... Call

2008 Cat 914G frontend wheel loader, factory 3rd valve hydraulics, GP bucket, full cab, Air/Heat, one owner, ex-city machine from southern California, 6,400 hours............ Call

1998 Fiat Allis FG85B motor grader, 8.3 Cummins diesel, powershift, Cat controls, articulated, rear ripper, front scarifier, air/ heat, ex-municipal machine that is super clean with only 876 original hours, like new that is affordable..................................... Call

1992 Stewart & Stevenson R551000 snowblower, 350 hp, diesel, 4x4x4 front & rear steering, ultimate snow moving machine, complete, ready to work only 6000 miles and 700 hours................................................ Call

2006 Isuzu W4800 NPR flatbed with weed spraying set-up, 500 gallon tank, pump, and hose reels, 5.2-liter Isuzu diesel, automatic, only 69,000 miles, ready to work............ Call

1989 Ford F700 4x4 cab & chassis, diesel, Allison automatic, 84” cab to axle, lighter GVWR, ultimate 2-ton bale bed chassis, 80,000 miles... ................................................................... Call

2000 Gradall 534D-9-45 telescopic forklift, 9000 lb. capacity, 45-ft. reach, 3.9 Cummins diesel, very clean, nice affordable telehandler. 1,054 hours...................................... Call

2006 Trail-EZE hydraulic dove tail, step deck trailer, 3 axle pull-out/ slide-out extensions, hydraulic winch, 2-piece dovetail............ Call

1991 Ingersoll Rand P185 air compressor, John Deere 4039 diesel, hose reel and hose, 185 CFM, 125 PSI, ex-city machine, only 713 hours........................................................... Call

2002 Cat IT14G frontend wheel loader, quick attach, factory 3rd valve hydraulic, new Grab Tech grapple fork, one owner, ex-municipal loader, 9300 hours ..................................... Call

1997 International Truck Tractor, N14 Cummins diesel, 13 speed transmission, 60,000 lb. GVWR, hydraulic wet kit, air ride, very, very nice one owner ex-municipal rust-free truck with 268,000 miles......................... Call

1998 International 6x6 extended cab & chassis, M11 Cummins diesel, 4560 Allison automatic, heavy specs, no rust, clean, 141,000 miles......................................... Call 2001 Volvo Auto Car 6x6 cab & chassis, M11 Cummins diesel, 4560 Allison automatic, full locking differentials, hydraulic wet kit.

71,000 miles........................................... Call

2005 John Deere 624J front end wheel loader, quick attach, general purpose bucket or 4+1 bucket, factory 3rd & 4th valve hydraulics, no rust, clean, tight, original machine, lots of documented work, new Grabtech grapple fork, will not find a nicer pre-emissions machine, one owner, ex-municipal, 5500 hours................................. Call

1985 Cat 621B scraper, Cat 3406 diesel, 8 speed powershift transmission, full cab, exmilitary machine with only 365 hours since full rebuild............................................... Call

2013 Cat 938K front end wheel loader, high reach, quick attach, factory 3rd & 4th valve auxilliary hydraulics, ride control, GP bucket or 4 & 1 multi-purpose bucket available. Very nice, tight, clean, one owner, ex-municipal machine. (Grapple forks on hand and ready for installation)........................................ Call

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2002 Freightliner Fl70 cab & chassis, 8.3 Cummins diesel, Allison automatic, 120” cab to axle, 160 CFM PTO air compressor, clean rust-free truck, 134,000 miles................. Call

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2001 Ingersoll Rand P375 air compressor, 375 CFM, 3.9 Cummins diesel, hose reel and hose, ex-city machine with only 607 hours...... ..................................................................Call

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B22

low boy service

40-ton RGN trailer for hire to transport combines, tractors, sprayers, floaters, construction equipment, etc.

Within Montana & surrounding states.

We also have 48-ft. step deck trailers available.

Pilot car service available.

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EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

1997 Hi-Tech fertilizer elevator, 20” x 30-ft, belt.

1999 R-D 3-point rotary rock grinder, carbide teeth.

1991 John Deere 4200 4-bottom roll over moldboard plow.

1978 Hough H65 loader, 3-yard bucket plus forks.

1985 International 6200 grain drill, 14-ft. double disc.

1995 Spray Air field sprayer, 3-point, 90-ft. boom.

1972 Krause 15-ft. disc, 18” blades.

1983 Jeoffroy 36-ft. chisel plow.

1986 Howard 10-ft. rotovator.

1989 Vicon 10-ft. pull type rotary swather.

1990 Rouse 40-ft. dump rake.

1995 service trailer with Miller 225 welder.

32 aluminum mainline, 10” x 30-ft. with 4” risers.

20 aluminum mainline, 10” x 40-ft. with 4 risers.

14 aluminum mainline, 8” x 40-ft. with 4 risers.

2001 John Deere 1750 STS combine.

2007 John Deere 936D header, 36-ft.

1984 Gleaner N6 grain combine, 24-ft. header.

1986 International 1482 grain combine, 16-ft. header, 12ft. pickup belt.

1984 Versatile 22-ft. grain swather, reversible belts.

Phone cell (406) 490-3795, Anaconda, Montana

NEW IH MOWER PARTS

1994 Volvo service truck, L10 315 hp mechanical Cummins, Jake, A/C, 9 sp, air susp., air locker rear, Hiab 7000# knuckle boom, 25’ reach, pintle hitch, no rust. Will separate as cab & chassis..........$12,000

Clean Case 310G diesel crawler loader, 4 speed trans. with foot clutch, Q/C full size Case backhoe with factory mech. extend-a-hoe, Q/C forks and grading blade, good uc. Runs good, easy to haul, do everthing little machine.........$10,000 GMC 2T flatbed dump, removable sides, non CDL, hyd brakes, powersteering, 366 V8, gas, 5 spd/ 2 spd, good tires, clean, runs good, handy ranch truck, with 300 gallon water tank, low miles....$5500 2001 Ford F350 2WD, V10 gas, auto, new torque converter & fuel pump, nice steel, 8x10 dump flatbed. Great ranch truck, etc...................................................$7500 Champ 400 rough terrain 8000# forklift, factory 40’ lift, 318 Dodge V-8, 4 spd. auto with shuttle. Clean, runs good........$3800 Rebuildable tractors................$500 each 1-International A, gas, needs engine.

1-Case 420 industrial, needs engine.

2010 John Deere ind. crawler/loader, 4 cyl. dsl., 4 spd trans., w/power shift, hi/ low and reverser, exc. tracks and UC, QC, hopper bar and remote hydraulics.

Runs great, easy to haul, still needs TLC. .......................................................$8500

2007 Ford F450 loaded, 4x4, 6.0 diesel, EGR delete etc, AT, AC, cruise, pw, pl, manual hubs, good tires & brakes with posi rear end, 9-ft. covered UT body, 4000 watt inverter, manual 4000 lb. crane, w/air compressor and hose reel, 230,000 miles. Clean, good work truck.

Needs a little TLC........................$17,000

Runs but needs engine work. As is.

Ford 4000 Ind loader/backhoe, 4 cyl. diesel, rebuilt inj. pump, ps, with Q/c, full size backhoe. Has 3-pt. & PTO. Handy ranch machine, easy to haul....................$4200

Call 406-777-1435, leave message

Suggested ways to manage rising fertilizer costs CONTINUED FROM PAGE B21

variable-rate nitrogen management. Variable-rate nitrogen allows growers to apply less nitrogen in field areas that do not need as much, either due to lower yield potential or higher residual soil nitrate levels.

Ricardo Pinto, precision agriculture specialist at MSU’s Northern Agricultural Research Center, will be working with producers and collaborators over the next several years to better understand how variablerate nitrogen can improve nitrogen use efficiency and support producers’ bottom lines. Producers interested in learning more or collaborating on variable-rate nitrogen projects can contact Pinto directly.

Phosphorus fertilizer costs are also much higher.

Phosphorus fertilizer is most efficiently used by crops when it is placed in the rootzone, ideally with the seed, Jones said. “For soils with phosphorus levels well above the optimum of 16 parts per million, this might be a year to apply little or no phosphorus to save on costs.”

Individuals can contact a crop adviser or local MSU Extension agent for help making fertilizer decisions.

Questions about farm management and commodity markets may be directed to Swanson at Andrew. swanson7@montana.edu or 406-994-5621.

Questions about soil fertility may also be directed to Jones at clainj@montana. edu or 406-994-6076 or addressed by visiting the MSU Extension soil fertility website at landresources. montana.edu/soilfertility/.

Questions related to variable rate nitrogen and precision agriculture can be directed to Pinto at ricardo. pinto@montana.edu or 406994 6374. ##### If I got 50 cents for every failed math exam, I’d have $6.30 now. ##### A cannibal came home late to family dinner. He got the cold shoulder. ##### When two rednecks divorce, do they still remain family?

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Montana Department of Agriculture 2026 Pesticide Disposal Program If you have any old pesticides - insecticides, herbicides, rodent poison or fungicides - laying around unused, the Montana Department of Agriculture will take them off your hands. The agency will hold waste pesticide collections in Western Montana in July. Pre-registration for July events is June 30. The collections are scheduled in Polson on July 7; Hamilton on July 8; and Butte on July 9. The disposal program is a non-regulatory, service progam that offers pesticide users the opportunity to dispose of unwanted and unusable pesticides in a safe and legal way that is economical and convenient. Disposal costs are free for the first 200 pounds and $1.00/lb. per pound for additional amounts over 200 pounds. Disposal by other services can cost 5 to 10 times more. Additional information and the required preregistration forms are available by contacting Carli Davis in Richland at (406) 465-0531; mail to Dept. of Agriculture, Pesticide Disposal Program, 508 Prairie Dell Rd, Richland, MT 59260; email Carli.Davis@mt.gov; website http://agr. mt.gov/pesticide-waste-disposal-program

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Dakota Gardener: Be “water wise” — Grow native plants

By Emily How, Horticulture agent, NDSU Extension – Ward County In 2011, Texas experienced its worst one-year drought since 1895. Water restrictions were intense, and reducing landscape watering was always first on the list. That summer, the lawns were all dry and crunchy. This was the first time I heard about “xeriscaping,” introduced to homeowners to help with the landscape watering restrictions.

What is xeriscaping? Coined in 1981 by Denver Water in Colorado as a response to drought, xeriscaping is the practice of water-efficient landscaping with drought-tolerant plants.

There are many ways to reduce irrigation needs — mulching, for example. However, the easiest way is to plant native plants. Native vegetation is already adapted to the climate and resources that are available in that area. This means that if the area is prone to drought, the native plants are already acclimated to it and therefore need less to adapt to those conditions. During times of stress, these plants are already adapted to function on lower soil moistures. Native plants often have longer roots, which allow them to search for nutrients in the soil, reducing fertilizer needs.

Native vegetation does not mean scruffy prairie grasses and scraggly brush; it often has beautiful flowers and seasonal colors. North Dakota is a wonderful place to see a wide variety of native plants because it is a prairie state.

North Dakota offers numerous plants that easily adapt to more urban landscapes. Plants such as pink wild onion and prairie smoke are both native to North Dakota and make great medium-height filler plants. Other native plants, such as sunflowers, can be found in many varieties and offer a food source to both birds and insects. Native vegetation also provides shelter for many beneficial insects. Their colors naturally attract bees and butterflies while their leaves and stems provide a good habitat.

Planting native also means year-round colors and textures.

Native grasses, such as little bluestem and big bluestem, have ornamental varieties that stand out as a statement in the corners of landscaped areas. In the summer, these grasses have a blue-green tint that gives them their name, but in the fall and winter, the blades turn a purply hue, and the seed heads add texture. This is a stark contrast against the bright white winter snow. Some of my favorite native plants to add to the landscape are blanket flower, yucca, black-eyed Susan and little bluestem.

Growing native plants is an effortless way to incorporate color, add variety and be water wise.

A beginner’s guide to hydration and health for baby chicks after shipping

From Freedom Ranger Hatchery Imagine, your baby chicks finally arrive, fluffy, chirping, and full of potential. But just hours later, they seem lethargic, huddled, or uninterested in food and water. It’s not uncommon. The shipping process, while necessary, is tough on chicks. During transport, they face temperature fluctuations, limited access to water, and the stress of travel.

Fortunately, there’s a simple yet powerful solution: electrolytes. Learning about why electrolytes are a must-have when your chicks arrive, how to use them correctly, and why ensuring their early hydration can help your high-quality chicks grow into strong, thriving birds.

Understand What Electrolytes Do for Chicks’ Early Health Electrolytes, like sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride, are minerals that help maintain fluid balance and support nerve and muscle function. For baby chicks, electrolytes are critical for replenishing nutrients lost during shipping and regulating body functions under stress.

Without adequate hydration and nutrient balance, chicks can suffer from pasty butt, lethargy, stunted growth, and even early mortality. Electrolytes help them stay hydrated and bounce back more quickly after the journey.

Benefits of Giving Electrolytes to Chicks Upon Arrival If you give your new chicks electrolytes upon arrival, they will get to enjoy the benefits of: Rehydrates Quickly: Shipping can cause dehydration.

Electrolytes in the water help restore proper hydration fast.

Reduces Stress: Chicks experience travel-related stress.

Electrolytes stabilize their internal systems, promoting CONTINUED ON PAGE B24 calmness.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B23

The deadline for advertising in the June 2026 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be May 27th.

Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page B24

A beginner’s guide to hydration and health for baby chicks after shipping

Our Advertising Deadline for the June 2026 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be May 27th. Phone us at (406) 271-5533.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE B23

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Boosts Energy and Immunity: Many electrolyte mixes contain added vitamins (especially B vitamins), which support energy levels and immune function.

Improves Early Development: Hydrated chicks eat better, digest more efficiently, and are less prone to common early-stage issues.

Giving electrolytes isn’t just a preventative step, it’s a proactive measure to protect your investment in healthy, high-performing poultry.

When and How Long Should You Give Electrolytes?

Provide electrolyte-enhanced water as soon as your chicks arrive. Replace their regular water with a fresh electrolyte solution for the first 24–48 hours. After that, return to clean, plain water unless the chicks are experiencing heat stress, illness, or show signs of dehydration.

Too much electrolyte supplementation can be harmful, so avoid daily long-term use unless advised by a poultry expert.

DIY Electrolyte Recipe for Chicks (Optional) If you don’t have access to a commercial electrolyte product, you can make your own in a pinch: 1/8 teaspoon salt 1/8 teaspoon baking soda 2 tablespoons sugar 1 cup warm water Mix thoroughly and offer for no more than 24 hours. This solution can temporarily stabilize your chicks while you secure a proper product.

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It is always important to consult with a poultry professional if you’re unsure.

Critical Signs Your Chicks Need Immediate Hydration Support Even after arrival, keep an eye out for these signs: Chicks are panting or spreading wings (heat stress) They appear weak, droopy, or lethargic They refuse to eat or drink Pasty butt becomes a recurring issue These symptoms often indicate dehydration or stress. Supplementing with electrolytes can quickly restore balance and improve condition.

Healthy Chicks Deserve a Healthy Start When you invest in high-quality baby chicks, their care starts the moment they arrive. Proper hydration with electrolytes can mean the difference between a thriving flock and one struggling to recover. It’s not just about saving a chick; it’s about optimizing their health for long-term growth, egg production, or meat yield.

Whether you’re raising laying hens or broilers, supporting your chicks from day one lays the foundation for success. And that success starts with choosing the right chicks.

Start Strong, Stay Strong Caring for your chicks starts before they even arrive, but what you do in the first 48 hours sets the tone for their entire future. Electrolytes offer a fast, easy, and effective way to reduce travelrelated stress, restore hydration, and support vital functions from day one.

National Devil’s Food Cake Day

This holiday is always celebrated on May 19th On this holiday indulge your taste buds in the intense flavor of this dark and velvety cake. If you’ve never tried this cake before, today is the perfect opportunity for you to join millions of other chocolate lovers as they indulge in a culinary thrill. Without a doubt, you’ll be reaching for a second slice of this sweet cake.

Devil’s Food Cake is distinctly different from other chocolate cakes. Most notably, it is made with cocoa, instead of chocolate squares used in making regular chocolate cake. This gives it a more intense flavor.

Additionally, a few other different ingredients, and a slightly altered way of making it, result in a velvety cake that is more moist, darker, richer, and airier than other chocolate cakes.

National Devil’s Food Cake Folk Lore According to one popular legend, the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City created this cake at the beginning of the 20th century. The rich and velvety cake has somewhat different ingredients from the traditional chocolate cake. One customer in particular loved it very much. She asked for the recipe the hotel used. The hotel provided it to her for a price. On her bill, they charged her $100 for the recipe.

The origin of Devil’s Food Cake is disputable. Printed reference to this cake was found several years before the cake was first created in the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. The first time it was mentioned in print was in an article posted in 1898 in the Hagerstown Exponent, located in Hagerstown, Indiana. In 1902, the recipe for this cake first appeared in a cookbook. It was in Mrs. Rorer’s New Cook Book written by Sarah Tyson Rorer. The cake didn’t become popular until a couple of decades later. Finally, in the 1920s and 1930s, it reached broad appeal as it appeared in articles published by Good Housekeeping and Lawn & Gardens magazines. Then, one by one it was included in various popular cookbooks.

It is also a popular belief that Devil’s Food Cake evolved as a contrast to Angel Food Cake.

History and Origin of National Devil’s Food Cake Day This holiday appears to have started on or before 1995. It was originally called Devil’s Food Cake Day. In 2014, this was also the name for this holiday when it was referenced in the Teton Medical Center News in Fairfield, Montana. For some unknown reason, the word “National” was added to the title sometime after 2014.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C1

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C2

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Marestail / Horseweed

By Gary Stone, Nebraska Extension Educator Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) is a concept to identify potential invasive species prior to or just as the establishment of the invasive is taking place. An Integrated Pest Management plan (IPM) can be developed to manage, contain and eradicate the invasive species before it can spread further. This will avoid costly, long-term control efforts.

This article on Marestail will focus on management of the weed in pasture and rangeland.

Marestail or Horseweed is a native annual forb. With the advent of no-till farming practices and repeated use of glyphosate products, Marestail has become glyphosate-resistant and a major weed problem in the corn and soybean areas.

Marestail is also resistant to some ALS inhibitor (amino acid synthase) and PPO (cell membrane disruption) herbicides.

In recent years, Marestail has increased in the pastures and rangeland of the Panhandle and Sandhills. It is speculated that the reason for the increase is due to the cool wet springs we have had, causing an increase in seed germination. It is not understood why some plants may seem to be cyclical in their growing patterns. While these plants may not be glyphosate resistant, ranchers are concerned they are losing valuable grazing due to this plant.

Questions that need to be answered about Marestail in grazing situations are - Does the high density of Marestail in the pastures and rangelands affect desirable forage? Does a high density of Marestail discourage grazing? Do some herbicide applications after early May still have an effect on controlling Marestail? Wil it be profitable to conduct herbicide applications to manage this weed in rangeland situations.

Description Origin: Native throughout much of North America.

Numerous Native American peoples used the plant to treat various ailments.

Ecology & Habitat: Marestail is a winter and summer annual. It reproduces / spreads by seed. Seed viability is generally 2 to 3 years, but some studies have found seed viable after 20 years in pastures. The seed does not need a dormancy requirement to germinate. Seeds germinate on or near the surface of the soil and form a rosette. Seed is generally spread by the wind. Mature plants bolt and form a series of seed heads and have a tap root system.

Marestail can grow in height from one to 6 feet or taller.

Total seed production is proportional to plant height with taller plants producing up to 230,000 seeds. Marestail can be found in grasslands and disturbed sites, including riparian areas. The plant is adaptable to a broad range of soil conditions and types.

Marestail contains tannic acid, gallic acid and volatile oils that may cause skin and mucosal irrigation in animals and humans, especially horses. Marestail also contains allelopathic chemicals, which can inhibit germination and growth of several other plant species. Herbicide resistant biotypes have developed over the years.

Management Having well-established grasses and forbs on a wellmaintained pasture or rangeland with proper grazing and rotational grazing techniques help minimize the plant’s impacts. Scouting, monitoring and proper identification are key factors for management. Infestations and spread of this weed can occur very rapidly.

Pulling or cultivating small Marestail plants can be an effective control method, as long as the plants are young, before they bolt and form seed heads, and if the area affected, is small. Mowing after the bolt stage but prior to or at flowering can help reduce seed production and reduce seed spread.

CONTINUED ON PAGE C4

Master Gardener: Tips for starting your garden indoors

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C3

FARM HELP WANTED Hay and grain farm in Toston, MT Trucking/farm experience preferred

Todd 406-580-9764 or email kittoranch@gmail.com

By Katie Markheim, Nebraska Extension Master Gardener Volunteer With our warm days, you may be asking ing them to more wind and sunlight for yourself when to start your plants. While longer periods as the hardening-off period cool-season crops can go in the ground continues. Plants started indoors have not in late April, it is best to wait until after developed a thicker cuticle to withstand our last frost to plant warm-season crops Nebraska winds, so they need to be exinto the garden. It takes about 6-8 weeks posed to the wind gradually to encourage to grow tomatoes and peppers from seed, them to grow stronger. Plants also need If you need a stockwater pipeline or an irrigation pivot, but so count backward from Mother’s Day to to adjust to the sunlight. Moving them haven’t received assistance yet, consider signing up with determine when to start the plants indoors. a Technical Service Provider (TSP) at your local NRCS abruptly from inside your home to outside office.

The NRCS will reimburse you for hiring a TSP, so Since Mother’s Day this year is on May conditions could cause the plant to snap your project can be completed at no cost to you. TSPs 10, you should have kicked off the indoor off in high winds or develop sunscald on often finish projects more quickly than NRCS itself, and I growing season for tomatoes and peppers the leaves. am one of the TSPs available in Montana. Typically, I can in early March. Peppers can be planted Finally, using a landscape maintenance complete a design that meets NRCS approval within 30 7-8 weeks prior to outdoor planting, with company offers a viable option to maintaindays after a field visit. tomatoes six weeks prior to planting, as ing your landscape. Care should be taken they will grow faster. to ensure a reputable company is selected.

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Don’t fret, if you missed the indoor If you’re a property or homeowner lookplanting date or have found it difficult to ing for help when caring for the lawn and • Licensed Professional Engineer keep those seedlings alive, plants for purlandscape, you have the option to hire a • Registered Technical Service Provider for USDA-NRCS chase from a retailer or local grower may professional to do the work for you. When • Life time member of the Irrigation Association be your solution. selecting a reputable company, consider • 40 years design and field experience.

When starting your growing season schedule flexibility, communication strateIf you are looking for an independent, non-biased design based indoors, be sure to use good quality seed. gies, response times, expertise, comprehenon your business needs CONTACT: For growing media, use potting soil or a sive maintenance plans, and environmental Randy Pierce PE, Oxbow Engineering, LLC (406) 600-8528 or email Kinseyk1d51@gmail.com soil-less mixture that contains vermiculite, stewardship. If your choice meets all the perlite, and/or peat moss. Choose growing above, you’re well on your way to a greatmedia that is lightweight and well-drained looking place. and has been moistened prior to adding to planting containers. Start the seeds in seed trays or other types of peat containers. You can reuse pots or seed trays from previous years; just make sure they’re cleaned thoroughly each year. You can recycle old food containers or make your own from newspapers or toilet paper tubes. Be sure that ENGINES • TRANSMISSIONS • HUNDREDS OF COMPONENTS AVAILABLE all recycled containers are thoroughly cleaned prior to use and have good drainage or drainage holes punctured into them.

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All with warranties. and transmissions! use an inexpensive outlet timer to keep them on for WE SPECIALIZE IN LATE MODEL SALVAGE! WE ARE TRUCK PARTS! 12-16 hours and off for the rest of the evening.

Prior to transplanting outdoors, plants should be hardened off to acclimate them to the outdoor conditions. One to two weeks before planting outdoors, begin gradually moving your plants outside, expos-

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C4

PLOW, SWATHER AND COMBINE FOR SALE Morris 21-ft. plow, single wing, great shape............. $2000 Case IH 5000 diesel swather, 16-ft. grain head, new hydraulics, great tires. Been parked for 2 years.

Case IH 1440 combine, Victory pickup header, 3000 hours...............................................$4000 or make offer Phone (406) 467-2198

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CONTINUED FROM PAGE C2

Since Marestail can germinate in the fall or spring, selection of the proper herbicide for the given situation is important. Use of herbicides is a costly option, unless infestations are localized and small. The cost of an herbicide application may not yield the economic benefits desired. Herbicide applications will only have an effect for one growing season.

Spring applications of herbicides for Marestail may be better, usually very early spring – April thru early May. After early May, herbicide efficacy drops off. Marestail treated in the fall with products that do not have any soil residual activity will not control plants that germinate the next spring.

Marestail plants should be in the seedling to rosette stage and no larger than five leaf stage for effective control. Plants not effectively controlled will still produce seed. Careful consideration of the use of herbicides must be made. Use of these herbicides may injure other beneficial forbs and plants in the pasture / rangeland ecosystem and not have an effective cost benefit.

Some herbicides that have shown to have some control or suppression of Marestail include 2,4-D ester, aminopyralid (Milestone), dicamba, triclopyr + fluroxypr (PastureGard HL), clopyralid (Stinger), chlorsulfuron (Telar XP), picloram + 2,4-D (Graslan L – Restricted Use Pesticide). Utilizing tank-mix combinations of products may enhance control.

Combining products with different modes of action will help reduce herbicide resistance.

Consult the specific herbicide label for instructions on how to treat Marestail / Horseweed for timing of application and rates. It is important to follow the product label unique to each individual herbicide. When the herbicide label allows, the use of a non-ionic surfactant may improve control.

There are no biological control measures for Marestail known at this time.

Be sure to select a product labeled for the site. Read, understand and follow all label instructions when using any pesticide. Create an Integrated Pest Management plan (IPM) combining different control strategies to manage Marestail and promote the desired plant community you want.

Call for Price

2008 Peterbilt 367

1996 Peterbilt 357

3406E Cat 550 hp, 18 speed, 20k front axle, dual power steering, 46k rear with two speeds on Hendrickson walking beam extended leaf, two steerable 13k lb lift axles, double frame, new 18-ft. dump box with high lift gate and tarp, dual air cleaners, aluminum wheels on steer and drives, 650,000 original miles.

Marestail / Horseweed

2019 Freightliner Cascadia 126

Detroit DD13, DT12 automatic transmission with PTO, 210” wb, 21-ft.7.5” BOC to end of frame, 12k front axle, 40k rear axle.

five axle log truck with three axle log trailer, ISX Cummins 550 hp, 13k front axle, 46k rears on Henderson HaulMaax with double lockers, dual air cleaners and exhaust, 3/8 frame, aluminum wheels, new tires, recent overhaul & paint.

$58,500 $29,500

1989 Peterbilt 377

6 way blade, rippers, 6500 hours, new sprockets, nice clean machinery ready to work

Cummins Big Cam, 9 speed transmission, 16-ft. Williamson dump box with tarp, 12k front axle, 40k rear axle, runs good and operates as designed.

$35,500

$66,500

2006 CAT D4GXL Dozer

$15,500

1987 Freightliner

Cab-over 42” sleeper, Cat 3406B 425hp, 13 speed transmission, 12k front, 40k rears on Neway suspension, 11R24.5 tires, runs good, nice older truck.

2017 Gehl V400

$22,500

2009 Reitnouer

25th Anniversary 48x102 aluminum flatbed, front axle lift, 4 tool boxes, new king pin assembly, 16 sliding winches on drivers side, good tires and brakes, clean 1 owner trailer.

skid steer loader, Cummins 99HP, enclosed cab, hand controls, vertical lift, two speed, auxiliary and high flow hydraulics, hydraulic quick attach, heat, air conditioning, 4000 lb. operating capacity, 8000 lb. load tipping capacity, AM/FM radio, 11,000 lb. machine, 3780 hours.

1990 Mack RD8886s

$65,500

6x6 Log Loader, E6-350 motor, 2000 Cat 559B DS loader w/ 11K hours, new drive tires.

2003 Kenworth T800

wide nose with 60” sleeper, VIT interior, 600HP ISX Cummins, 18 speed transmission, 12K F/A, 40K R/A , 20k non-steerable lift axle, dual stainless air cleaners, dual exhaust, aluminum wheels, aluminum 3 compartment headache rack, lowboy ramps, extra long fifth wheel slide, two line wet kit, 10,000 miles on overhaul with receipts total of $44,000 including both camshafts, rockers, cylinder head, oil pump and injectors.

Seeds and transplanting tips To transplant to the garden, knock the seed tray on the ground to loosen the compost and leave a space to insert a trowel or fingers beneath the compost. Break away a row of plants and gently separate each plant, ensuring there is a good root system. Dig a planting hole with a trowel; make it wide and deep enough to accommodate the plant’s root system. Set the plant so that the base of the stem is level with the surface of the soil. Fill the hole and firm down the soil around the plant.

Encourage bushy plants by pinching out the growing tip.

Cattle Chat: What may be causing difficult births

By Chevy-Lynn Vaske, K-State Extension news service Much like in human childbirth, not every delivery in cattle goes exactly as planned. While many calves are born without issue, some require extra help due to factors beyond a producer’s control.

On a recent episode of the K-State Beef Cattle Institute’s Cattle Chat podcast, K-State veterinarians and beef cattle experts say a portion of calvings will naturally require assistance.

“Studies have shown that about 10–20% of calvings may require some assistance, and that is usually due to a mismatch between the pelvis of the cow and the size of the calf,” veterinarian Todd Gunderson said.

Another contributor to calving difficulty is malpresentation, which occurs when a calf is not positioned correctly for delivery. In a normal birth, the calf enters the birth canal front feet first with its head resting between its legs. Malpresentation can include calves that are backwards, sideways or have their head or limbs positioned incorrectly, often requiring intervention.

Gunderson noted that certain situations can increase the likelihood of these complications.

“When there are multiples, I would see more malpresentation cases in practice,” he said. “There is also some research suggesting the sire of the calf may influence the probability of malpresentation, but that has only been observational research—we don’t know for sure.”

That observation may help explain why producers sometimes see calving issues grouped together within a herd.

“That is why we may see some of these cases in clusters,” veterinarian Bob Larson said. “If they share the same sire, the physical structure of that animal could play a role as well.”

Veterinarians say understanding these risk factors—calf size, pelvic structure, multiples and potential genetic influence—can help producers monitor more closely and intervene when necessary, especially during calving season.

For more on this topic or to learn more about vaccinations, listen to the full episode of Cattle Chat, produced by K-State’s Beef Cattle Institute. Questions on this and other topics also may be sent to bci@ksu.edu.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C5

The deadline for advertising in the June 2026 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be May 27th.

Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

2001 Peterbilt 379 - No Miles On Overhaul, 6NZ Cat C15, 550 HP, Eaton Fuller 10 Speed, 3.90 Rear Ends, 12K Fronts, 40K Rears, New Tires, Holland Sliding 5th Wheel, New Lincoln Chrome 8 inch Stacks, New Marker Lights, New Brakes, New Hogebuilt Fenders, New Drop Visor, Straight From California.

Stock #JM5800.......................$124,900

Two Matching! 2024 Kenworth T680 Next Gen, 166K and 192K ECM Verified Miles! Cummins X15 Engine, 450 H.P., Engine Brake, EEO-16F112C Transmission, (Automatic), 40,000 Lb. Rear Ends, Vantage Interior, 178” Wheelbase, Light 15,763 Tare Weight! Will paint white for an additional $6,000.

Stock #JM4219.........................$92,900

2018 International HX - Navistar N13, 430 HP, Jake, Allison Automatic, 20,000 lb. fronts, 70,000 lb. rears, Aluminum Wheels, 425/65R22.5 Front Tires, 11R22.5 Rear Tires, Hendrickson Haulmaax Rubber over Walking Beam Suspension, 272” Wheelbase, Godwin 20-ft Long x 54” High Steel Body, Round Bottom, Electric Roll Tarp, Air High-Lift Tailgate.......$96,900

2020 Deere 544L - Loaded with Options, No Scale, Backup Camera, Auxiliary Hydraulics, Purchased New, Always Shedded, Never Used in Fertilizer or Salt, Never Been Smoked in. Michelin 20.5-25 tires.................................. $182,900

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2024 International HX - Big Warranty!

Major Engine Parts Component, Cab Warranty, Towing Warranty, Frame Warranty 300K Miles or until 2028, Towing Warranty! International A26, 475 HP, Jake Brake, Eaton Fuller Automated, 12K Fronts, 40K Rears, 211” Wheelbase, 11R24.5, Headache Rack, New Steer Tires, Like New Virgin Rubber. Stock #JM3923..................$82,900

2018 Kenworth T880 - Paccar MX13, 455 hp, Jake Brake, Eaton Fuller FRO17210C 10-Speed Manual Transmission, 323,257 Actual Miles, 13,200 lb. Fronts, 40,000 lb. Rears, 200” Wheelbase, 3.70 Gear Ratio, Wet Kit, Headache Rack, Full Fenders, New Bridgestone Drives, New Bumper.

Stock #JM9908.........................$64,900

2018 Freightliner Cascadia 125 - 272K ECM Verified Miles, Detroit DD13, 435 HP, Jake, Detroit DT12 (Automatic), 40K Rears, 3.08 Ratio, Air Ride Suspension, Custom Interior, Air Sliding 5th Wheel, 178” Wheelbase, Disc Brakes, 11R22.5 Aluminum Disc Wheels.

Stock #JM5426.........................$42,900

2013 Freightliner Business Class M2 112 - 3 Matched -Consecutive Serial Numbers!!Detroit DD13 450 hp, 307K, 319K, and 322K Miles, Allison 4000 Automatic Transmission, 12K Front Axle, 40K Rears, 52K GVWR, 180” Wheelbase, 4.88 Ratio, Clean, Clean, Clean!! Stock #JM1061............$54,900

2016 Peterbilt 579 Silage / Grain Combo, Paccar 510 HP, Approx. 20,000 Miles on New Crate Engine, 12 Speed Endurant Automatic, 12K Fronts, 40K Rears, Tandem Axle, 22-ft. Box Tapered, 8-ft.

2” front 8-ft. 6” the back, High-lift Tailgate, Roll Tarp, Plastic Liner, Rear Controls, Will Install A Front Steerable Pusher Axle At Additional Cost. Stock #JM1891....................................$98,900

2023 Mack Anthem 64R 5 year or 500K Mile Remaining Warranty on Major Components, ECM matches Speedometer at 166,000 Miles, Mack MP8 Engine, 500 H.P., Mack MDrive Transmission, (Automatic), 40,000 Lb. Rears, New Virgin Goodyear Drive Tires, 2.79 Ratio, Deer Guard, Single Chrome Stack, Quarter Fenders, 188” Wheel Base. Stock #JM0026...$73,900

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C6

The deadline for advertising for the June 2026 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be May 27th.

or Polled Herefords h c n A

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University of Idaho dedicates new meat science laboratory New facility expands capacity for education, research and industry engagement More than 300 supporters gathered April 10 to help dedicate a new University of Idaho meat science laboratory with ample space and modern technology to better serve the state’s rapidly growing beef industry.

The 12,750-square-foot Meat Science and Innovation Center Honoring Ron Richard includes a Vandal Brand Meats storefront, a fabrication room, a further-processing room, two pass-through smokehouses, a product packaging area, a large classroom with audio-visual technology and an integrated test kitchen, among other amenities.

The new building replaces a 5,000-squarefoot, 1960s-era facility where space was too limited to conduct multiple tasks simultaneously, which forced the meat sciences team to constantly shuffle heavy equipment between rooms.

“The College of Agricultural and Life Sciences (CALS) is celebrating our 125th year this year — 125 years of leading, innovating, exploring and providing practical research-based information to our communities,” said Leslie Edgar, J.R. Simplot endowed dean of CALS. “Facilities like this position us to continue our land-grant mission, both now and into the future.”

Demand in Idaho has never been stronger for meat science professionals. The state is home to more than 8,100 cattle operations supporting 2.5 million head of cattle, valued at more than $2.6 billion.

K.L. Slagsvold Herefords Since 1922

Performance tested bulls and heifers

For sale private treaty at the ranch Kenny Lars (406) 584-7571 cell (406) 939-0252 671 Fas 470 • Lindsay, MT 59339

Participants in the April 10 dedication ceremony of University of Idaho’s new Meat Science and Innovation Center Honoring Ron Richard look through a window at hanging beef carcasses.

Leslie Edgar, J.R. Simplot endowed dean of the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, speaks during the dedication ceremony April 10 for University of Idaho’s new Meat Science and Innovation Center Honoring Ron Richard.

“The students who graduate from here have a 100% job placement rate, and now they get to learn their craft in one of the best facilities in the country,” U of I President Scott Green said. “This project offers another great example of what the U of I can accomplish when private partners, the state of Idaho and our own investments are combined.”

Planning for the $17.5 million project started more than a decade ago, and several stakeholders contributed generous donations to make it possible. Discussions about the need for a new meat science facility were ongoing when Michael Parrella, former J.R. Simplot endowed dean of CALS, joined the university in February 2016.

“We’ve done some incredible work — great teaching, great research, great outreach and Extension — in the old facility, but there’s no question that it was not a showplace,” Parrella said. “The meat science program, which is a signature program here on campus, should have the physical aspects that reflect the quality, size and importance of the industry it’s designed to serve.”

Under Parrella’s leadership, the college also launched capital projects to build several other facilities throughout the state.

U of I opened a seed potato germplasm laboratory adjacent to the new meat science facility along an access road now dubbed CONTINUED ON PAGE C7

Yearling Bulls & Heifers For Sale Private Treaty

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University of Idaho dedicates new meat science laboratory CONTINUED FROM PAGE C6

Meat & Potatoes Lane in early 2022. The Center for Plant and Soil Health at the U of I’s Parma Research and Extension Center opened in March 2024. CALS researchers are in the process of commissioning the world’s most advanced facility for deep-soil research, called the Deep Soil Ecotron, located in the JW Martin Laboratory on the Moscow campus.

And later this year, CALS is set to open the nation’s largest research dairy based in Rupert, called the Idaho Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (Idaho CAFE).

The meat science facility’s namesake, Ron Richard, was a longtime manager of Vandal Brand Meats who died in 2018. Richard’s sons

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who attended the ribbon-cutting ceremony believe he would have been moved by the tribute to his legacy.

“He loved this entire program, and I believe this building shows how much he cared about all of this,” his youngest son, Angus Richard, said. “As his sons, we’re honored and grateful that this building is here and that it’s named in his honor, and we’re looking forward to the future that it’s going to provide for everybody.”

Tyrel Richard added, “He’d be honored and stoked for the new facility after working in that old one for so long and seeing how much it was needed.”

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NEW Vermeer 604 PRG3 baler. ..... ................................................CALL NEW Vermeer R2800 rake..... CALL New Vermeer TM1410 mower..CALL New Vermeer MC150 mower..CALL NEW Vermeer VR wheel rake..CALL USED Vermeer 605N balers............. .........................$18,000 - $42,500 Used Haybuster 2660 processor..... ..........................................$29,000 Used Vermeer VR2040 rake, low acres...................................$42,000

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New Vermeer BPX9010 bale processor.... NEW & USED EQUIPMENT ........................................................ CALL Hay Liner 42-ft., 8 bale dumping trailers.In New Vermeer TM1410 trailed mower....... Stock.................................................$9500 ........................................................ CALL 2020 Frontier WR1214C pull type hay rake..

New ZR5-1200 self-propelled baler... CALL ......................................................$14,000 New Vermeer 605N baler............... CALL 2016 Vermeer R2300 hay rake...... $17,000 New 2025 Vermeer R2800 hay rake...CALL Highline BP661 bale processors............CALL New 2025 Vermeer R2300 hay rake.CALL • In-Shop Repairs & Service Truck Repairs • 2019 Vermeer 605N 14,000 baler, new Full line of feed and mineral products in stock belts, chains, sprockets................$34,000 2018 Vermeer 605N 14,000 bales, through shop.. Hwy 12 Equipment & Repair 8201 Hwy 12 W Baker, MT59313 ..................................................$33,000 Chisholm Trail/Cannonball bale beds, Connor 406-778-3777 The Vermeer R-series twin basket rakes (R2300 and R2800) are for customers who need to cover lots of acres in a hwy12equip@gmail.com dumping beds. very short period of time. Built for performance and durability, these machines help to achieve faster dry down and www.hwy12equipment.com WW EZrolled 4-wheeler lifts for balebeds. .......water and transport makeHD tightly bales that preserve quality, shed easily. What’s more, these machines are proven on the millions of acres they have worked and the tremendous values they maintain. ......................................................$1000 Dealer for resale Vermeer, Hayliner, and Chisolm Trail

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Vermeer, the Vermeer logo and Equipped to Do More are trademarks of Vermeer Manufacturing Company in the U.S. and/or other countries. © 2016 Vermeer Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C7

FARM EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

Flexi-Coil 400/1600 9” – 36-ft. air seeder................. $5000 Morris 34/7180 71/2” – 34-ft. air seeder..................... $5000 Friggstad Force V air cart.......................................... $750 J.E. Love 25-ft. pickup reel......................................... $500 Farmhand F10 loader, box frame............................... $250 Farmhand F226 loader............................................. $1000 Farmhand F236 loader............................................. $1000 DuAl 100 loader........................................................ $1000 Hydra-Loader............................................................. $150 Wagner loader............................................................. $150 Orthman 797 800 bu. grain cart............................ $10,000 Feteral 7”x41-ft. grain auger....................................... $250 IHC 5000 swather, 14-ft. hay, 19.5-ft. grain headers..$7000 John Deere 7-ft. one way............................................ $350 John Deere 3-16 moldboard plow.............................. $250 1975 Ford F250 4x4, 390, C6................................... $5000 IHC 2 drill hitch - 6200, 7100, 7200, 10-ft, 12-ft, 14-ft..Offer Homemade drill hitch, 3 – 10-ft., S tine track wackers.Offer

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2018 H&S SF14HC pull-type hay rake.......... ................................................... $12,500 John Deere 569 round surface wrap........... ................................................... $26,500 2005 Vermeer 605M round baler, surface wrap........................................... $12,000 2018 Vermeer BPX9000 bale processor.... ....................................................$17,000

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C8

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Block Management is a cooperative program between private landowners and Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks that helps landowners manage hunting activities and provides the public with free hunting access to private land. Every year, FWP hosts Cooperator Appreciation Dinners around the state to recognize the contributions that landowners in the Block Management Program make for the hunting community. The dinners are one small way the agency can thank these partners for their role in a program whose benefits go far beyond access. In south-central Montana, dinners were held in Harlowton, Absarokee, Roundup and Billings.

This year marked the 30-year anniversary of Montana’s Block Management Program, which was formally created through the 1995 Legislative Session. FWP is celebrating 315 landowners across the state who have been working with the agency to provide access since the program’s inception. In south-central Montana, 26 Block Management cooperators have reached this impressive milestone.

For their voluntary participation, landowners receive impact payments from FWP based on the number of hunters that visit their property in a season. FWP collaborates with each participating landowner to create unique and specific rules and maps for properties in the program. Landowners also receive a free hunting license combination and property signs and patrol by FWP staff. For many landowners, however, the true benefit of the Block Management Program is knowing their participation perpetuates Montana’s hunting heritage.

During the 2025 hunting season, there were 110 Block Management Areas in FWP’s Region 5 for a total of 501,053 enrolled acres. On those properties, there were 41,450 hunter days over the 2025 season.

Interested in enrolling your property in Block Management? Applications are open until June 1 for the 2026 season.

For more information on applying, visit: fwp.mt.gov/hunt/ landownerprograms/block-management or, if located in south-central Montana, contact Ian Davidson at 406-2472959.

The following landowners and ranches were recognized this year for their Block Management enrollment milestones: 30 Year Award 25 Year Award Adolph Family – Gage Dome Kirch Ranch Arthun Family – Arthun Ranch Reserved R Livestock 20 Year Award Brewington Ranch Lannen Ranch Grand Duke Ranch Steamboat Downs Family – Gage Dome, Downs Ranch 15 Year Award Blatter Ranch T/H Ranch Ferster Ranch Gabrian Ranch 10 Year Award JG Ranch Hagberg Family – Olson Jim Hanson Ranch Bros Ranch Herbel Ranch DeVries Family – Black MJ Jansen Butte, Selmes, East Bench Pole Creek Lane Ranch Lee Ranch Melville Ranch Milton Family – Gage Dome Pelan Family – Gage Dome Solf Ranch Galloway Creek Tranel Family – Gage Dome Springwater Colony Golden Valley Colony Yanzick Ranch

Seeds and transplanting tips

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As soon as the first true leaf appears from between the seed leaves, the seedlings are ready to be transplanted.

When transplanting, fill a seed tray with compost. Mark out planting holes with a dibber or pencil to ensure even spacing. The holes should be spaced over 1” (2.5 cm) apart in each direction. A standard seed tray will accommodate forty to ninety seedlings. Using a plant label or a narrow piece of plastic, lever up a small clump of seedlings. Catch a seedling by one leaf and use the dibber or pencil to tease it away from the clump. Drop the seeding into the dibber.

When the tray is full of seedlings, label and water with a finerose attachment on a watering can. Place the tray in a cold frame or on an indoor window ledge but away from direct sunshine for a few days. Then move into direct sunlight for a few weeks until the plants are well established and healthy.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C9

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C10

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Hofer family named 2026 South Dakota FFA Family of the Year The Jason and Jennifer Hofer family of Bridgewater were recognized as the 2026 South Dakota FFA Family of the Year at the 98th South Dakota FFA State Convention on Monday, April 20 during the first session at First Bank and Trust Arena, sponsored

by Raven.

Each year, the South Dakota FFA Foundation selects a Family of the Year to honor a family that demonstrates long-term involvement in agricultural education and supports FFA at both the local and state levels.

Jason and Jennifer Hofer farm near Bridgewater, raising corn and soybeans and previously producing swine. They have been actively involved with the Bridgewater-Emery FFA Chapter and represent a multi-generational connection to agricultural education. Jason Hofer was an active FFA member in high school, serving as chapter vice president, competing in Career Development Events, and earning both his State and American FFA Degrees before attending Mitchell Technical College and returning to the family farm. His father, Arlo Hofer, was also involved in the Bridgewater FFA Chapter, continuing a third-generation tradition of FFA involvement.

Together, Jason and Jennifer raised their children—Haley (Hofer) Nelson, Marah (Hofer) Meyer and Carter Hofer—on the family farm, where agriculture and FFA became a central part of their upbringing. All three were active members of the Bridgewater-Emery FFA Chapter, participating in Career and Leadership Development Events, land judging, chapter officer teams and degree programs. Their involvement has continued beyond high school, reflecting the lasting impact of agricultural education on the family.

The Hofer family has supported agricultural education through a variety of efforts, including assisting with the Safety of Farm Youth (SOFY) Camp, hosting Career Development Events, supporting district star interviews and helping with state proficiency judging. Since 2023, they have helped lead agronomy and nursery/landscape CDE events, providing opportunities for students across the state. Jason also serves on the Bridgewater-Emery FFA Chapter officer selection committee.

Bridgewater-Emery agricultural education instructor and FFA advisor Alex Toupal

said the family’s willingness to step in, and support new opportunities has made a lasting impact. “This family have been pioneers; trying new things like hosting our Career Development Event, along with always being open to trying new activities and events,” Toupal said. “They are our largest supporters and have made a difference in the entire community and state.”

For the Hofers, their involvement is rooted in giving back to an organization that shaped their family. “We believe that the National FFA Organization is truly a fantastic organization to get youth involved and explore the industry,” Jason Hofer said.

“We have seen how much this organization has changed our kids and are always willing to help wherever we can to give back.”

The family continues to support FFA by volunteering their time and encouraging student involvement, helping provide opportunities for members in their community and across the state.

The National FFA Organization is a national youth organization of 1,042,245 student members as part of 9,407 local FFA chapters in all 50 states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. As part of the National FFA Organization, the South Dakota FFA Association encompasses 113 chapters with over 6,500 South Dakota FFA members.

FFA strives to make a positive difference in the lives of students by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth, and career success through agricultural education. Visit www.sdaged.org for more information.

The South Dakota FFA Foundation is a charitable organization that supports agricultural education and the leadership development opportunities and activities of SD FFA members statewide through programs, awards, college and travel scholarships, grant programs, and more. To learn more or become a donor, visit: https://sdffafoundation. org/ or contact gerri@sdffafoundation.org. ##### Did Native Americans ever interact with the Pony Express? Native American tribes often interacted with riders, sometimes helping and sometimes hindering them.

While some tribes provided assistance or directions, others saw the service as an intrusion and attacked stations or riders during periods of tension.

Evaluating alfalfa stands: Stand counts

By Ben Beckman, UNL Were you expecting more from last year’s alfalfa yields?

Did your plants get enough time to winterize in the fall? Do you have concerns about stand winter kill? Evaluating your alfalfa stand in the spring is key to planning management and setting expectations for this year.

As stands begin greening up, alfalfa stand assessment can be completed using a hay square as a quick and easy way to look at the overall stand health. While we call it a hay square, square or circle shapes work equally well. A 17 x 17 inch square or 19 inch in diameter circle are the size needed.

Next, determine what to count. There are two options when evaluating your stand: 1) by the number of plants per square foot (typically recommended for new stands, planted last fall) and 2) by the number of stems for established stands.

Stem count will more accurately predict yield compared to plant number. However, either method will provide information for making management decisions.

Randomly select 4 to 5 areas in your field to sample. Then count the plants or stems that would be harvested, typically anything over 6 inches, to determine your count. Then divide those numbers by 2 to get stems or plants per square foot. For established stands, having 4 to 5 healthy plants per square foot or 55 stems per square foot would warrant a productive and healthy stand. Fields with stem counts below 55 see a significant decrease in dry matter production.

For stands planted last fall, you will see more plants per square foot compared to stems. Remember, a good rule of thumb is, for every pound of seed planted, expect 3 to 5 plants. New plantings that contain fewer than 12 plants per square foot may need to be reseeded. ##### Studies show the aroma of fresh-baked goods makes customers spend more money. ##### In Old Testament times, the Mediterranean Sea was called the Great Sea.

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C11

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2020 Freightliner Cascadia 126 Detroit DD13 435 hp, Detroit DT12 12 speed automatic transmission, 3.08 rear axle ratio, 178” wheelbase, 11R22.5 tires on steel wheels, dual 80 gallon tanks, cab extenders, 562,661 miles,13,259 hours.

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2017 $34,900 Peterbilt 579 Paccar MX13 455 hp, Eaton FAOM15810S-EP3 10 speed auto, full locking rears, air ride with suspension

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C12

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What’s a good bull worth?

By Chevy-Lynn Vaske, K-State Extension news service sider their relationship with their genetic With rising input costs and tighter marsupplier of choice as something more than gins across the cattle industry, determining just transactional,” Warner said. what a bull is truly worth has become a “Communicate with your bull provider more strategic decision than ever for cowand let them get to know your operation and calf producers. what your needs for your cow herd are. That Industry experts emphasize that a bull’s way they can help guide the genetic selecvalue extends far beyond his sale price, tion decision and help ensure that the bull shaping herd performance and profitability purchased is the right fit for your cow herd for years to come. that can help make genetic progress where Kansas State University cow-calf expert it is needed most.”

Jason Warner said producers should focus Beyond genetics, Warner noted that on the long-term return a bull brings through value-added marketing opportunities are genetic improvement and marketability of playing a growing role in determining a future calves. bull’s worth. Calves that meet specifica“The relative value of predictable genettions for premium programs -- such as those ics needs to be considered,” Warner said. focused on carcass quality or source and “Bulls with genomic-enhanced expected age verification -- can generate additional progeny differences (EPDs) and higher acrevenue, increasing the return on investment curacy values provide more confidence in for genetically superior sires. their ability to perform and should be valued Producers are encouraged to evaluate accordingly.” how a bull will influence their operation as a While two bulls may appear similar on whole. Key considerations include whether paper, differences in accuracy can signifithe bull will improve uniformity in the calf cantly impact outcomes. Higher accuracy crop and whether his genetic profile aligns EPDs reduce risk and improve the likeliwith the herd’s production goals. hood that calves will meet performance exTraits such as growth, carcass merit and pectations, particularly in traits tied directly maternal performance should be prioritized to profitability. based on the operation’s primary revenue “I encourage cow-calf producers to constreams.

Cost management is also a critical piece of the equation. Warner said producers should account for depreciation over the bull’s working life and fairly distribute that cost across the number of cows he is expected to breed. This approach provides a clearer picture of the bull’s annual investment and return potential.

To make sound purchasing decisions, Warner encourages producers to prepare ahead of sale day.

Identifying multiple bulls that meet both genetic and phenotypic criteria, setting a realistic budget and maintaining discipline during bidding can help avoid overpaying.

“Have a plan going in,” Warner said. “Select bulls that fit your program, understand their value to your operation, and stick to your budget.”

Ultimately, experts agree that a well-selected bull is one of the most influential BRAND NEW 24’ PACESETTER LOAD TRAIL 24-FT. investments in an operaALUMINUM STOCK TRAILER tion. By prioritizing predict$8,784 able genetics, aligning with $26,800 market opportunities and managing costs, producers can position their herds for 8” Main Frame, Max Ramps, long-term success.

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##### American radio stations were prohibited from doing popular “man on the street” interviews during World War II, for fear that an enemy agent might be interviewed and influence public opinion.

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C13

Broiler vs layer chickens

From Freedom Ranger Hatchery Feed needs: High feed intake over a short If you are planning a flock for meat, eggs, period or both, the first decision can feel bigger than Temperament: Calm and less active than layers expected. Different breeds have different timeHousing: Simple, dry housing with good airlines, feed requirements, and daily care needs, flow is critical so it helps to understand the differences between Long-term care: Short-term commitment with broiler and layer chickens before you buy chicks. a defined end Meat Chickens vs Egg Layers: UnderstandBroilers tend to stay near feed and water ing the Purpose rather than roam, making them easier to manage The core difference between meat chickens in smaller spaces. This makes broilers a good fit vs egg layers comes down to what they are bred for first-time poultry keepers who want a focused to do. project or for properties with limited space. For Broiler chickens for meat are designed to grow many families raising chickens at home, broilers efficiently in a short period. are a good choice when they want a clear goal Layer chickens for eggs are bred to produce and a defined finish. eggs consistently over time.

Layer Chickens for Eggs: What to Expect This difference affects everything from how Long Term long you raise them to how you manage feed, If your goal is fresh eggs, layer chickens for housing, and daily care. Strong poultry flock eggs are built for consistency, not speed. Most planning always starts with deciding whether layers begin laying between 18 and 24 weeks and your priority is meat, eggs, or a mix of both. can continue producing for several years.

Broiler Chickens for Meat: What Daily Life Daily life with layers typically includes: Looks Like Growth rate: Slower start, longer payoff If your goal is to fill the freezer, broiler chickFeed needs: Balanced nutrition to support egg ens for meat offer a clear, predictable timeline. production Most broilers reach processing size in about 8 to Temperament: Active, curious, and social 12 weeks, depending on breed and management.

Housing: Nesting boxes, roosts, and predator Here is what to expect when raising broilers: protection Growth rate: Very fast, especially after the first few weeks CONTINUED ON PAGE C15

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C14

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Best forages to plant for free-range chickens

From Freedom Ranger Hatchery Raising free-range chickens offers a variety of benefits, both for the chickens and the land they roam. But if you’re a backyard chicken keeper or small-scale farmer, you might be wondering: What are the best plants to grow so your flock can forage naturally and stay healthy? With so many options, choosing the right forage can feel overwhelming.

In this article, you’ll learn about the best forage for chickens, highlighting the top nutrient-rich options that support your flock’s health and help regenerate your pasture.

Chickens are happiest when they’re allowed to express their natural behaviors—and foraging is at the top of that list. Here’s how foraging benefits your flock: Improves behavior and social dynamics: Reduces feather pecking Decreases bullying and social conflict Encourages natural flock hierarchy and interaction Supports physical and mental health: Increases physical activity and daily movement Alleviates boredom and associated stress Provides mental stimulation and environmental enrichment Boosts nutrition and egg quality: Adds natural variety to their diet (plants, seeds, insects) Enhances egg yolk color and flavor Supports digestion and immune health Encourages natural behavior: Chickens forage even when food is available—because it’s what they’re wired to do A well-designed forage area invites exploration beyond the coop Free-ranging helps maintain a happier, more balanced flock Offering your chickens the opportunity to forage isn’t just beneficial, it’s transformational. With access to pasture and the right plants, your birds thrive, your land improves, and you set the stage for a more sustainable, successful homesteading experience.

How Foraging Improves Chicken Diet and Health When chickens forage for their food, they consume a range of nutrients that are difficult to replicate in traditional feed.

For example, insects, worms, and seeds found in the pasture are rich in protein, fats, and vitamins. Plants like clover and dandelion provide additional vitamins, while grasses offer fiber for healthy digestion.

The diversity in their diet supports optimal egg production, better meat quality, and enhanced immunity against diseases. Free-range chickens that forage naturally tend to have stronger immune systems and are less susceptible to illness, thanks to the variety of nutrients they consume.

Sustainable Land Management Foraging doesn’t just benefit your chickens; it also supports your land’s health. When chickens are allowed to roam and forage, they help naturally fertilize the soil through their droppings, which act as nutrient-rich compost. Additionally, chickens scratch the ground, helping to aerate the soil and break down plant matter.

By rotational grazing, you can ensure that your land remains healthy and productive while giving your chickens a fresh area to explore and forage. This sustainable practice promotes soil health, reduces the need for artificial fertilizers, and increases biodiversity in your pasture.

The Best Forage for Chickens Now that you understand the benefits of foraging, let’s dive into the best forages to plant for your chickens.

1. Clover (White and Red) Chickens love to peck at clover leaves, and it can help provide a more balanced diet, especially when eggs are the main product. Red clover is particularly high in protein, while white clover is great for attracting insects that chickens enjoy.

2. Alfalfa It’s rich in protein and essential vitamins, which supports the health of your chickens and improves egg production.

Alfalfa is also a great option for rotational grazing because it’s a perennial that regrows year after year.

3. Kentucky Bluegrass Kentucky bluegrass is a perennial grass with high protein content, which makes it an ideal choice for free-range chickens. It’s also durable and can thrive in various climates, making it perfect for pastures that get a lot of traffic from your flock.

CONTINUED ON PAGE C16

Broiler vs layer chickens CONTINUED FROM PAGE C13

Long-term care: Ongoing responsibility yearround Layers explore more than broilers, scratch often, and interact more with their environment. They are best suited for poultry keepers who enjoy daily interaction and are prepared for a long-term routine.

When raising chickens at home, layers often feel like permanent members of the backyard, and the experience can be very rewarding with the right setup.

Timelines and Commitment: Matching Birds to Your Schedule One of the biggest differences in broiler vs layer chickens is how quickly you see results.

Broilers follow a short, intensive timeline.

Layers require patience but provide ongoing output.

This makes timelines a key factor when choosing chickens for your flock. If you want predictable results within weeks, broilers make sense. If you want a steady egg supply over the years, layers are the better option.

Feed, Costs, and Daily Care Feed is often the first surprise for new keepers.

Broiler chickens for meat eat more feed quickly because growth is the priority. Layer chickens for eggs eat steadily year-round, which adds up over time.

Good daily care for both types includes: Fresh water every day Feed matched to the bird’s purpose Clean, dry bedding Quick daily health checks Many new poultry keepers underestimate the importance of daily consistency, especially during extreme heat or cold. These basics are the foundation of successful homestead poultry management and make raising chickens at home far more manageable.

Space and Housing Considerations Housing needs vary based on bird type. In poultry flock planning, your coop should match how the

birds behave.

Broilers need: Simple housing with good ventilation Dry bedding and easy access for cleaning Enough space to prevent crowding Layers need: Nesting boxes and roosting bars Room to move and scratch A setup that works through all seasons When researching backyard chicken breeds, remember that space matters as much as breed choice.

Limited space often makes the decision between meat chickens vs egg layers clearer.

Can You Raise Both?

Many keepers raise both broilers and layers, especially for homestead poultry goals. The key is intentional planning. You are managing different timelines and outcomes, so housing, scheduling, and expectations must be clear.

When done thoughtfully, this approach works well for families committed to choosing chickens for their flock based on purpose rather than impulse.

Guidance Makes the Difference Buying chicks without a plan often leads to frustration. Success comes from pairing the right birds with reliable guidance and being intentional when choosing which chickens to add to your flock.

Ready to Choose the Right Broiler vs Layer Chickens?

If you want a flock that truly fits your goals, the choice between broiler vs layer chickens should be intentional. The birds you select will shape your daily routine, feed costs, housing needs, and longterm commitment. When you choose based on purpose rather than impulse, poultry keeping becomes simpler and more rewarding.

Whether you are planning for meat, eggs, or a balanced homestead setup, starting with the right birds sets your flock up for success from day one.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C15

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Best forages to plant for free-range chickens CONTINUED FROM PAGE C14

4. Ryegrass Ryegrass is a great addition to your chicken’s diet because it’s rich in protein and fiber. It’s fast-growing and resilient, which makes it perfect for pastures with frequent grazing.

Ryegrass also helps to improve soil quality by preventing erosion and adding organic matter to the ground.

5. Dandelion Dandelions are a natural superfood for chickens. Rich in vitamins and minerals, Dandelions are also known for their medicinal properties, such as improving digestion and supporting liver health. Your chickens will love foraging for these nutrient-dense plants.

6. Cover Crops Cover crops like oats, peas, and beans are excellent choices for free-range chickens. These plants are rich in protein, and chickens love to forage for seeds, leaves, and insects found among them. Cover crops also help improve soil fertility and prevent erosion, contributing to the overall health of your pasture.

7. Perennial Herbs Herbs like oregano, thyme, and mint not only add flavor to your chickens’ diet but also have antimicrobial properties that can improve their health. Planting these herbs around your chicken pasture provides your flock with additional nutrients and can help deter pests.

Creating a diverse and nutrient-rich poultry pasture with the best forage for chickens does more than supplement your flock’s chicken feed; it transforms your homestead into a thriving ecosystem. Healthier birds mean healthier eggs, less stress, and a more sustainable setup overall. Whether you’re just getting started with chickens on pasture or looking to enrich your current flock’s environment, it all begins with choosing the right birds.

To ensure that your free-range chickens are able to forage effectively, consider implementing a rotational grazing system. By rotating your chickens between different sections of pasture, you can allow the land to rest and regenerate while giving your chickens access to fresh forages. This practice supports sustainable land management and ensures that your chickens always have access to healthy and nutritious food.

Ready to Raise Healthier, Happier Chickens? Start with the Right Flock.

Now that you know just how powerful foraging can be, not only for your land but also for your chickens’ health, behavior, and overall happiness, it’s time to put that knowledge into action. Giving your chickens the freedom to forage creates a more natural, enriching environment that leads to calmer flocks, healthier eggs, and more sustainable living.

But it all starts with choosing the right birds.

Give your flock the best start possible. Choose highquality, ethically bred chicks designed for free-range success.

You can contact us for more information about your backyard chickens and take the first step toward a healthier, happier, and more self-sufficient homestead.

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This holiday is always observed on May 31st World No Tobacco Day brings awareness of the health issues and dependency issues related to tobacco use. It includes both chewing and smoking tobacco. This holiday stresses the importance of making people all over the world aware of the health dangers of using tobacco. It also stresses the addictive nature of tobacco use.

World No Tobacco Day is supported by medical organizations around the world. Many groups and organizations use this day to encourage individuals to quit smoking. They promote education of the issues and dangers of using all forms of tobacco.

The bottom line: If you smoke or chew tobacco….kick the habit today. Your life depends on it!

History and Origin of World No Tobacco Day According to the World Health Organization’s website: The Member States of the World Health Organization created World No Tobacco Day in 1987 to draw global attention to the tobacco epidemic and the preventable death and disease it causes. In 1987, the World Health Assembly passed Resolution WHA40.38, calling for April 7, 1988 to be a “world no-smoking day.” In 1988, Resolution WHA42.19 was passed, calling for the celebration of World No Tobacco Day, every year on May 31st.

Cattle Chat: Beef imports help balance U.S ground beef supply

By Chevy-Lynn Vaske, K-State Extension news service Beef imports are a key part of how the United States meets consumer demand for ground beef, according to experts on the Beef Cattle Institute’s Cattle Chat podcast.

During an April episode, specialists from Kansas State University explained what beef imports are, why they are needed and how they fit into the broader U.S. beef supply chain.

“The U.S. imports lean beef to complement domestic production,” K-State economist Dustin Pendell said. “It’s especially important for ground beef.”

In the United States, most cattle are grain-finished, which results in beef with a higher fat content. While this is desirable for steaks and premium cuts, it creates a need for leaner beef when producing ground products. Imported beef — often from countries like Australia and New Zealand — helps fill that gap.

By blending lean imported beef with higher-fat domestic trim, processors are able to consistently meet the fat percentages consumers expect in ground beef sold at grocery stores. Without imports, maintaining supply and consistency would be more difficult, particularly as demand for ground beef continues to rise.

Experts also noted that beef trade is not one-sided. While the U.S. imports lean beef, it also exports a variety of products to international markets.

“Exports of items like liver and tongue help balance supply,” Pendell explained, noting that these products are more highly valued in other countries.

This balance of imports and exports allows the beef industry to maximize the value of each animal while meeting different consumer preferences around the world. By utilizing global markets, producers can remain efficient and responsive to changing demand.

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C17

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Hank has also been used in the Bud Box bringing up cattle. He has drug plenty of calves to the branding fire as well.

Hank is not a bronc, but has alot of action and runs to cattle, therefore he is not recommended for a beginner, but is best suited for an intermediate or advanced rider.

He has not been exposed to arena roping, or come out of a box, but would likely excel at that as well.

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C18

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Dakota Gardener: French lettuce is great for Dakota gardens

By Tom Kalb, Horticulturist, NDSU Extension France is famous for many things — the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, wine and croissants among them.

But the French can also be proud of being the home of tremendous lettuce!

Batavia lettuce, also called French Crisp and Summer Crisp lettuce, is mild, sweet and crispy. It’s absolutely delicious. C’est magnifique!

Batavia lettuce is preferred by chefs for its texture and flavor. The leaves of Batavia lettuce are crisper compared to leaf lettuce but not as hard and crunchy as iceberg lettuce.

This texture is perfect for salads and sandwiches. Batavia lettuce has much more flavor than iceberg lettuce.

Batavia lettuce is preferred by gardeners because it is easy to grow. While most lettuce varieties turn bitter and go to seed in summer, Batavia lettuce keeps producing. Batavia lettuce tolerates the heat and rarely turns bitter. It’s amazing!

You may be enjoying salads all summer long.

I was introduced to Batavia lettuce while living in Taiwan, where the summers are scorching hot. Your body gets drenched with sweat all day, and then the temperature cools down to only 80 degrees Fahrenheit at night. That’s 24/7 heat.

My air conditioner was one of my best friends!

My organization, the World Vegetable Center, recommended the Batavia variety called Sierra for tropical countries. It could take the heat better than I could.

Newer, better Batavia varieties are available today. The most heat-tolerant Batavia lettuce today is Muir. It has slightly ruffled, bright green leaves that loosely form into a head. Gardeners in North Dakota highly recommend it.

Other great Batavia varieties recommended by North Dakota gardeners include Nevada, Albachiara and Fusion.

For those who like some red color in the leaves, Magenta, Chrystal, Pablo and Sierra will delight your eyes and your taste buds.

This brings us to an important point when selecting lettuce varieties: look for varieties that can tolerate heat.

Besides the Batavia varieties, Buttercrunch is an heirloom that tolerates heat. Seed of this butterhead type is sold at every garden center.

If you prefer leaf lettuce, Bergam’s Green, Starfighter and Tropicana are widely available. Red Salad Bowl and New Red Fire are popular red-leaf types.

I originally thought romaine lettuce was difficult to grow, but it isn’t. Our team of gardeners likes Green Forest, Bluerock and Sunland for their flavor, crisp texture and tolerance to heat.

Whatever lettuce seed you grow, you can extend the harvest in summer by keeping the plants cool. Plant your lettuce in a location where it is out of the afternoon sun. It helps to use straw mulch or a shade cloth cover in summer, too.

Lettuce seeds can be directly sown into the garden in early May. You can start your seeds indoors three to four weeks earlier and transplant the young plants into your garden.

Where can you get these varieties? Do a Google search, and seed companies that sell the varieties will pop up. Some of these varieties may be at your local garden center, too.

North Dakota State University is inviting gardeners to test promising lettuce varieties, including Batavia varieties, in their gardens. To place an order or to find more information, visit ndsu.ag/gardentrials-26.

A fresh salad from the garden is wonderful. You can make that happen this summer by selecting a Batavia variety. Au revoir!

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C19

Spring alfalfa plant evaluation

By Ben Beckman, UNL As temperatures begin to rise, don’t forget to take a bit of time to assess alfalfa stand health going into this year’s growing season. Snow cover over the winter helped insulate plants from extreme temperatures, but exposed plants, older stands, or late harvested alfalfa still have a potential for winter kill.

Even before plants begin to green up, individual plant assessments can be done. While assessment before green-up occurs may seem a bit preemptive, pre-scouting now can focus scouting efforts to problem areas later on when time becomes precious during spring planting.

Dig up 4-5 random plants per 20 acres, being sure to get the crown and a good portion of the tap root (around 6 inches at least). Split the root and crown open. A healthy plant will be white and firm while winter damaged taproots will be yellow to brown in color and stringy. Yield will begin to be impacted when damage is greater than 30% of the total root/crown area.

Look for alive, in-tact basal buds at the crown of the plant.

Buds formed last fall will start growth sooner and boost first cutting yields. A lack of basal buds doesn’t mean that the plant won’t recover, but first cuttings may be smaller.

If plants have begun growth, look at where it is occurring on the crown. Healthy plants will have growth fully throughout the crown while damaged plants will often have asymmetrical growth with more stems on one side than the other.

If more than 30% of the plants assessed have significant damage, yield for the upcoming year may be impacted. Options like interseeding perennial grasses, seeding a warm season forage crop after the first harvest, or terminating the stand may need to be considered. ##### The Iroquois buried corpses in shallow graves, but exhumed them after a few months. Relatives then placed the bones in a community burial plot.

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What does it cost to feed a cow?

By Jedidiah Hewlett is the UW Ag and Natural Resources Extension Educator serving Converse County, WY. There are many costs associated with raising cattle, whether it is a single cow in the backyard or 200 on the back forty. Feed expenses tend to be some of the more significant costs associated with keeping a cow but can vary widely based on the method chosen to meet the cow’s requirements.

Let’s assume we can buy a mid-grade hay that will meet our cow’s requirements for $150/ton. That makes every pound of hay worth 7.5 cents on an as-fed basis. Each cow eats an average of 33 pounds each day, contributing to a daily expense of $2.48.

Across 365 days, that cow would cost the operation $905.20/ year. This rate only includes feed costs; it does not include any estimates for wasted feed, labor, equipment, vet expenses, or opportunity costs.

Most operations do not feed their cows in a dry lot for the entire year, primarily because it would incur a significant expense.

Working from this level as a baseline, we should acknowledge that we might have to pay more (if we fed a more expensive feed) but hopefully we can pay less (by grazing owned or leased acres).

As a reference, the USDA National Ag Statistics Service (NASS) reports can serve as a guide for establishing the value of owned or leased grazing land. In 2025, average grazing fees across Wyoming were $27.00/AUM (USDA, 2025).

It is reasonable ask the question: “What is the most I can afford to pay for a grazing lease before it would be cheaper to feed hay?” Assuming that feeding hay is the most expensive option, it can be used as reference for the upper bound of possible values.

To begin with, let’s divide the $905.20/year by 12 months or 365 days. We establish that the daily grazing rate cannot exceed $75.43/hd./month or $2.48/hd./day.

Leases are usually priced in one of three ways. The common ways to price land for grazing are: 1) $/acre, 2) $/head, or 3) $/ Animal Unit Month (AUM). To make an accurate comparison between different lease rate quotes, there is a little bit of math required.

Price per Acre: This value can vary widely because the productivity of a pasture can be higher or lower due to the environmental conditions and potential of the site. On a lessproductive acre of land, the amount of grazeable forage might be around 100 pounds/acre. At this rate, a 1200-pound cow (or cow-calf pair) equivalent to 1.2 AUMs would require about 10 acres to graze for one month. By dividing the maximum value of $75.43 by 10, we can establish a price ceiling of $7.54/acre/ month for this scenario. If the productivity of the forage were doubled (200 lbs./acre), and only 5 acres were required to keep a 1200-pound cow for one month, the maximum we could pay would be $15.08/acre/month.

Price per Head: The baseline price to feed a cow hay is $2.48/ hd./day or $75.43/hd./month. If a lease cannot be found at a rate lower than these values, then cattle should be fed hay or sold. If the lease cost exceeds the cost of hay, the lease can be accepted, but we must acknowledge that it will be more expensive than feeding the cattle hay for the same amount of time. There are other reasons to consider a more expensive lease, such as making tradeoffs between travel distance, labor availability, and other non-financial benefits.

Price per AUM: Since this 1200-lb. cow will be equivalent to 1.2 AUMS, we can simply divide the maximum monthly rate by the number of AUMs per animal to determine the price per animal unit month (AUM). $75.43 divided by 1.2 AUMS equals $62.86 per AUM. This indicates that feeding hay at $150/ ton costs more than double the 2025 average grazing rate for Wyoming quoted above.

Summary: It is important to pay attention to the price as well as the units of measure used with a lease rate. Based on a hay price of $150 per ton, the lease rates found below represent upper thresholds for comparison. These values should represent trigger points where it becomes evident that leased grazing is not more costeffective than feeding hay.

Per Head: $75.43/month ($905.20/year) Per Acre: $7.54–$15.08/acre/month ($90.48–$180.96/acre/ year) Per AUM: $62.86/AUM These rates are related to the costs of feed only. If we include other costs like travel to check water, delivering hay to the herd, or maintaining fences as well, it will change the economic feasibility of leasing or feeding. Comparing the cost of feed should be only the beginning of the analysis to determine if cattle should be fed hay, pastured elsewhere, or sold to reduce carrying costs. There are tools available on https://uwyoextension.org/ranchtools/ that can help determine carrying capacity of pastures and the value of forage.

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Great Falls, Montana Great Falls, Montana Great Falls, Montana Great Falls, Montana Steve Raska • 406-788-5361 Steve Raska • 406-788-5361 Steve Raska • 406-788-5361 Steve Raska • 406-788-5361 Great Falls, Montana Garfield, Washington Great Falls, Montana Garfield, Washington Great Falls, Montana Garfield, Washington Great Falls, Montana Steve Raska • 406-788-5361 Garfield, Washington Justin Honcoop • 509-338-7346 Steve Honcoop Raska • 406-788-5361 Justin • 509-338-7346

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WE ARE WE ARE WE ARE WE ARE WEWE AREARE ALWAYS WE ARE ALWAYS ALWAYS WE ALWAYS WE ARE ARE ALWAYS ALWAYS BUILDING! ALWAYS BUILDING! BUILDING! ALWAYS BUILDING! ALWAYS BUILDING! BUILDING! Drop by the Drop by the BUILDING! Drop by the Drop the Drop by byBUILDING! the BUILDING shop and see Drop by the shop and see shop and see Drop byby the shop and see Drop th shop and see Drop by th what goes shop and see what goes what goes shop and see what goes shop what goesand shop and se se into building into building what goes into building what goes into building what goes into building what goe the “MOST the “MOST the “MOST into building the “MOST into building the “MOST into buildin PRODUCTIVE into buildin PRODUCTIVE PRODUCTIVE the “MOST PRODUCTIVE the “MOST PRODUCTIVE the “MOST SPRAYERS” the “MOS SPRAYERS” SPRAYERS” PRODUCTIVE SPRAYERS” PRODUCTIVE SPRAYERS” PRODUCTIV on the on the PRODUCTIV onon the SPRAYERS” the SPRAYERS” on the market SPRAYERS market market SPRAYERS market on the market onon the today. the today. today. on the today. market today. market Give Us a Give Us a market Give UsUsamarket Give aa today.

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C22

##### Belgium punishes those who haven’t voted in 15 years by not letting them vote for 10 more years.

NH Bale Wagons & Retrievers FOR SALE & WILL PURCHASE

Sod Buster Sales, Inc.’s Farm Equipment Finding Service — Phone (406) 883-2118

MT Tractors Call (406) 370-6362 - Stevensville, MT Email: penderfarms@aol.com

John Deere 7810 MFWD, 3 pt....................$58,000

New Holland T7-250.........

John Deere 7710 MFWD, 3 pt., clean...........$60,000 John Deere 7600 MFWD, PowrQuad.........$45,000

New Holland 8670 MFWD, 3-pt................... $36,000

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COMING IN: John Deere 8260R

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Check our web site: mttractors.com

Forage Matters: Springtime is go time

By James Rogers, Forage crops production specialist, NDSU Extension Several years ago, I wrote a column with the same headline.

Weather conditions at that time were ideal, with favorable soil moisture and temperatures. Spring was in the air. Optimism for the coming spring and growing season was high.

This year, my feeling is a little different. While I have been in North Dakota a short time — March 1 marked my four-year anniversary in the state — I know that this winter was unusual.

A grower told me shortly after I came to North Dakota that this country needs snow. While parts of the state saw significant snowfall, the winter has been mostly open. I do look forward to spring, warmer temperatures and a new growing season, but I am apprehensive about how good this growing season will be.

North Dakota State University Extension just released an excellent news release written by Miranda Meehan, livestock environmental stewardship specialist, and Kevin Sedivec, rangeland management specialist, on the upcoming grazing and haying season (ndsu.ag/grazingoutlook26). In this release, they provide several scenarios based on moisture received during the fall and spring, as well as the effect of grazing intensity during the fall of 2025 on 2026 forage production.

If we do experience a year with below-normal precipitation and above-normal temperatures, are you prepared? A large emphasis on the 2026 forage production outlook is placed on fall 2025 grazing management. If there are pasture and range areas that were grazed the previous fall to the point that developing tillers were consumed and limited leaf area remained before frost, these areas should be rested this spring to allow for plant recovery. Being prepared for unfavorable growing conditions is a management strategy for every year.

Texas famously experienced drought conditions from 1949 to 1954. A summary of conditions affecting the recovery, “The Effect of the 1949-1954 Drought on the Ranges of Texas” by Vernon A. Young, was published in 1956. The following is a quote from their summary: “In general, ranges that were properly managed before and during the drought came through in fair to good condition; overstocked ranges were severely damaged and subsequent recovery has been limited. Thus ranchmen have evidence for the need for carrying out proper management practices year after year, not only to meet drought periods, but to build an economic unit by capitalizing on the years of favorable moisture.

Thus the old rule still prevails that close grazing does not pay.”

These words from 70 years ago are still true today.

Are you prepared? As we move into spring, look back on past grazing management and anticipate how that will affect forage production moving forward. There are several monitoring tools and information sources available that can help refine how this year is shaping up: NDSU Extension, North Dakota Natural Resources Conservation Service, North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network, National Drought Mitigation Center (home of the U.S. Drought Monitor), and Climate Prediction Center. Burn restrictions and fire danger maps can be found at ndresponse.gov.

Unfavorable growing conditions this year can create plant stresses, leading to concerns about forage antiquality factors that need to be addressed. Nitrate can accumulate in plants that undergo periods of rapid growth followed by slow growth.

Dry weather conditions can increase the risk for prussic acid accumulation in sorghums. Be aware of the potential for these conditions to develop, and test as needed. Monitor animal health and body condition during tough grazing times. Have a dryweather response plan in place that includes a well-thought-out destocking plan if necessary.

Extended dry weather conditions can reduce plant vigor, leading to plant death. This often results in desirable plants being replaced by less desirable ones, such as an increase in Kentucky bluegrass. Practice good grazing management year in and year out to maintain healthy plants and healthy root systems, so when we do encounter dry years, the grazing resource is preserved.

Springtime is go time: cows calving, breeding season underway, crops being planted and cattle being turned onto grass.

Hopefully, we will experience knee-high grass with abundant water resources in 2026. Even if we do, it still pays to practice good grazing management as insurance for those years when we don’t.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C23

GREYN FERTILIZER

Choteau - Larry Greyn - 406-466-5356 Brian Carlson - 406-220-1705

2020 Case Titan 4540 floater, diesel engine, automatic transmission, FLX 810 triple bin air bed, 70-ft. boom, VRT, Viper 4 section control, auto steer, tip top bed extensions, electric roll tarp, 2770 hours............................... $189,000

2020 RBR Enterprise Venturi 400, Case IH Flex Air 810 70-ft. boom, Raven Viper 4, 4WD, electric tarp, foot/hand throttle control. Ask about tire size options, 2070 hours................... $162,000

2020 Case IH Titan 4540 810 Flex air, 70-ft. boom, electric roll tarp, Viper 4, Auto Steer, 2511 hours.........$173,000..... $189,500

2014 Case IH Titan 3530 Litter Bed, diesel engine, Raven Viper Pro Smartrax Autosteer, Chandler CL fertilizer, litter, compost, shavings spreader, 16-ft. length, twin hydraulic spinners, 3255 hours. Cracked front windshield.. .....................................$142,000

2015 RBR Venturi 350, 8.9L Cummins diesel engine, Pre DEF, Allison automatic transmission, Case 810 70-ft. air boom, triple bin, 4WD, Viper 4, auto steer, 3211 hours.......... $122,000

2018 TerraGator 8400B Sisu diesel engine, CVT transmission, Air Max Precision 2, 70-ft. boom, electric tarp, Viper 4, Smartrax autosteer. 2177 hour..........$146,500

2017 RBR Vector 350, Cummins diesel engine, Allison automatic transmission, air ride. New Leader L5000 G5 – 14-ft. stainless steel dry spreader box, dual spinners, hydraulic, electric roll tarp, Raven GPS, Raven Viper 4 monitor, 2216 hours.................... $134,500

We have been your locally owned full service fertilizer dealer for over 35 years!! Thank you for your support. Three locations to serve you:

Dutton - Brad Greyn - 406-476-3402

2020 RBR Venturi 400, Case IH Flex Air 810 triple bin, 70ft. boom, Raven Viper 4, adjustable axles, 4 wheel steer, 4 wheel drive, electric roll tarp, 1890 hours....$199,500........ ............................................................................ $249,500

2016 Case IH Titan 4540 410 hp, Case IH FPT 8.7L, diesel engine, Allison 6 speed automatic transmission, Case IH FLX810, air boom spreader, 70-ft., Viper 4, Raven Smartrax light bar, electric roll tarp. 3246 hours....... $96,500

2019 TerraGator TG8400C 2656 hours, diesel engine, CVT trans, Viper4 monitor, auto steer, Airmax Precision 2 bed, 70-ft. stainless steel booms, micro bin, auto greaser, electric roll tarp.$178,000

2019 TerraGator TG8400C, 3446 hours, Viper 4, AirMax Precision 2 bed. 70-ft. booms, Micro bin with yellow & white rollers, electric roll tarp............. $168,500

2021 TerraGator TG8400C diesel, CVT trans., Raven Viper, 4+ controller,RS1-SBAS GPS, electric roll tarp, LED light pkg., New Leader NL4500G4 Edge 14-ft. with 4 bin Multibin Applier.

Ask about converting to a single bin with tailgate, to spread lime & fertilizer, 2118 hours. 2 to choose from.............................. $162,000

2014 Felling pup trailer with 16 ton Willmar rear auger tender, self contained hyd system, Deep 22.5 tires on steel rims... $21,000

2018 Timpte dry trailer, 40-ft. aluminum hopper trailer, hydraulic dry tender belt can be run off truck hydraulic wet kit or self contained gas engine, electric roll over tarp, sight glass windows, tandem axle, air ride suspension................................. $63,000

Check out our website

www.fertilizerequipment.net

Valier - Matt Haines - 406-279-3255

2019 RBR Venturi 380, Cummins diesel engine, Allison automatic transmission, 4 wheel drive, air ride, RA-885 Salford 3 bin bed, 72-ft. spread width, electric roll over tarp, Alliance flotation tires, fenders, lightbar, Raven Viper4, 2724 hours.................................................$153,000

2014 Case IH Titan 4530 810 Flex Air, 70-ft. boom, triple bin, roll tarp, Viper 4, Smartrax, 4125 hours............................ $102,500

2016 Case IH Titan 4540, 410 hp, Case IH FPT 8.7L diesel engine, Allison 6 speed transmission, Case IH FLX810 air boom spreader, 70-ft. Viper 4, Raven Smartrax light bar, electric roll tarp, 3246 hours..............$96,500

2018 TerraGator 8400B, Sisu diesel engine, CVT trans, Air Max Precision 2 dry air flow system, 70’ stainless steel boom, electric tarp, Raven Viper 4 controller, Raven Smartrax autosteer.$146,500

2018 John Deere F4365 with AB485 Twin Bin Air system, 70ft. booms, 4740 Gen 4 Integrated display, tarp, Lincoln lube system, premium cab and radio, LED field lights, beacon light. New fan & housing, 2724 hours......$162,000 ......................................$199,500

2017 John Deere F4365 HiCapacity Nutrient Applicator, 3435 hours, AutoTrac guidance, Starfire 600 receiver, DN495 MultiApplier........................ $144,000

1985 Freightliner with 16 ton rear auger Willmar tender. Working truck and tender............... $18,500

Hyundai HL730-9A wheel loader, EROPS, Cummins, 8-ft. bucket, 2.5 cubic yard, 17.5R25 tires, operating weight 23,500 lbs, rear view camera, 5684 hours.............. ..................... $57,000.......$67,000 2015 TerraGator 8400B, 3222 hours, Viper Pro, New Leader L4000G4 MultApplier dry box...... ..................................... $125,000

Batco 20120 120-ft. portable grain conveyor, 20” wide belt, swing hopper, PTO drive. SN# 20496. Located in Langdon, ND.. .......................................$25,000

2015 Case IH 4530 diesel, Allison trans., 810 Flex-Air, 70-ft. boom, electric tarp, Viper Pro, Smartrax autosteer, 2491 hrs...... ..................................... $124,500

2017 TerraGator TG8400B diesel engine, CVT trans., Air Max Precision 2 dry air flow system, 70-ft. stainless steel boom, micro ingredient bins, electric roll tarp, Raven Viper 4, Smartrax Autosteer, 3387 hours.......... $138,000

2016 Case IH Titan 3540 3 wheel, 810 air delivery box, Viper 4, Agri-Cover roll tarp, 1512 hours.......$139,000...... $158,000

2017 Case IH 4540 floater, Allison automatic transmission, Case IH 810 Flex Air, 70’ stainless steel boom, micro ingredient bins, Raven Viper IV, Smartrax AutoSteer, rear poly impregnation tanks, 4590 hours...................... $92,000 1969 Lubbock NH3 transport trailer, 10,400 gallons, Blackmer pump.

5 to choose from.......$45,000 each

1974 Beaird NH3, Anhydrous Ammonia Tank, 44’ 2” length, 7’ 10” diameter, on skid, 17,621 gallons, pump and plumbing included. Tank is purged. Located in Wilbur, WA.. .......................................... $42,000 Ask about other tanks and transports that are available.

2012 Terra Gator 9300 floater, Cat C13 diesel engine, Terrashift transmission, AirMax Precision 2 dry air flow system, 70-ft. stainless steel boom, electric roll over tarp, Raven GPS, Raven Viper Pro monitor, Smartrax auto steer, 4302 hours..................... $77,000

2003 Freightliner Columbia Day cab, twin screw, 10 speed, 12.7L Detroit Series 60 diesel, 430hp, odometer reads 629,746 but doesn’t work............. $12,000

2000 Kenworth T800 truck, Detroit diesel engine, 430 hp, manual transmission, New Steer tires, 150,000 on overhaul........$26,500

1992 Featherlite flatbed trailer, 45-ft. aluminum bed, side winches, tandem axle, air ride suspension.................................... $9800

2013 Merritt Heritage grain trailer, 39-ft. trailer, air ride suspension, Agricover electric roll tarp, back and front Rapat conveyor tender system, front and rear ladder.................................. $37,500

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C24

EMPLOYEE NEEDED Toston Irrigation District

is in need of a person to maintain and distribute water.

Contact tid@mt.net or Call 406-949-0208, Leonard

20 YEARS IN BUSINESS

20-ft. & 40-ft. Flat Rack Bridges 8-ft. – 53-ft. Storage Containers Phone (406) 899-4104

TCB TRANSPORT, LLC

www.boxesandbridges.com

211 N Montana St. Dillon, MT (406) 683-5197

110 Mill St. Hamilton, MT (406) 363-2334

www.lakelandfeeds.com

Lakeland Feed and Supply is a full-line feed manufacturer, fertilizer blender and supplier of agriculture goods and services. We also blend lawn, pasture, reclamation and wildlife seed mixes on site and we stock a wide selection of pet foods & animal health products. Utilizing local grains and supporting area growers allows us to create a circle of sustainable agriculture, while providing the highest quality products.

We welcome you to stop at either store location for more information.

All of our feed is proudly made Montana Fresh at our Hamilton, MT location.

Custom Mixes are available.

Just give us a call!

Lakeland Feed & Supply is pleased to be sponsors of youth organizations such as FFA, 4H, and High School Rodeo, among others. We offer FFA & 4H discounts, awards programs, and MUCH MORE!

23 Lakeland Dealers throughout Montana, Wyoming & Idaho

WE ARE ALWAYS LOOKING FOR NEW DEALERS!

Please go to our website at:

www.lakelandfeeds.com to find a dealer near you!

Nebraska cattle health update: Bovine Theileriosis and the Asian Longhorned Tick

By Matt Hille, DVM, MS, PhD Diagnostic Veterinary Pathologist and Nebraska Extension Specialist, Dr. J. Dustin Loy, UNL Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Director and Veterinary Microbiologist, Dr. Duan Loy, UNL Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Veterinary Microbiologist, Dr. Roberto Cortiñas, UNL School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Parasitologist The Vector The Asian longhorned tick (ALHT) (Haemaphysalis longicornis) is native to the Eastern Hemisphere and was first detected in the United States at a port of entry in New Jersey in November 2017. Detections have since spread west across numerous states with recent detections reported in the surrounding states of Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri. Adult ticks can be physically transported to new areas; however, establishment of populations require specific environmental conditions that include amenable climate, vegetation, and humidity. Therefore, detection of a small number of ticks does not necessarily indicate an established tick population. It’s unclear whether portions of Nebraska would be suitable for ALHT populations to become established. In 2018, researchers published a report in Nature that modeled where tick suitable environmental conditions exist throughout the United States to predict the potential spatial distribution of the ALHT. ALHT detections since then fit well with the study’s predicted spatial distribution over time. Note that of the three models developed, two models predict portions of both western and eastern Nebraska as being suitable for ALHT establishment (see map below). Two other groups have done similar modeling studies and do not include Nebraska as a suitable location for ALHT distribution. As of March 2026, there have been no confirmed detections of ALHT within the state of Nebraska.

Tick Identification ALHT are roughly 2 mm in size (similar to a sesame or mustard seed) prior to a bloodmeal and light brown to burnt orange in color. If ALHT is suspected, the Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center offers preliminary tick identification. For accurate tick identification, proper tick removal, storage, and transport is important.

Ticks should be removed by grasping them at the base of the mouthparts, as close to the skin of the host as possible.

Slowly and forcefully pull the tick away from and perpendicularly to the skin to prevent tearing of the mouthparts.

Mouthparts are typically important for tick identification.

Ticks should be placed in sealable containers (e.g., glass vials, plastic vials) with alcohol, preferentially 70-90% ethanol.

Ticks do not have to be refrigerated or frozen.

The more ticks submitted- the better, since prevalence is not known.

Vials should be sent using ambient temperature, packing with absorbent material and in a plastic bag to avoid spillage through the packaging, and placed in a rigid box.

Samples can be submitted using our ruminant submission form with a test request for Parasite ID. Mailing labels can be ordered and printed directly from our website.

Samples may be required to be forwarded to USDA for confirmatory identification.

Bovine Theileriosis The ALHT is a carrier of Theileria orientalis, a protozoal pathogen that causes the syndrome bovine infectious anemia.

There are no approved treatments for these infections, so tick control and biosecurity are essential to disease prevention. The

Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center offers multiplex PCR testing for Theileria orientalis and Anaplasma marginale, two common causes of infectious anemia. PCR testing can be conducted on whole blood samples submitted in EDTA tubes (purple top) or fresh spleen, with pooling available for up to 5 samples.

Theileria orientalis infection promotes the destruction of red blood cells resulting in anemia causing decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. As such, the clinical signs associated with bovine theileriosis are nonspecific and variable. Icterus (i.e. jaundice) is one of the more common clinical signs observed in severely affected animals, but most animals show no or very minimal clinical signs. However, increased morbidity and mortality events are commonly reported, particularly in calves and at times of stress such as weaning. Infected animals become lifelong carriers, serving as a reservoir for other AHLT and making iatrogenic transmission to naïve animals possible via needles or other mechanisms that can transfer blood from one animal to another.

Bovine theileriosis is a notifiable disease in Nebraska and requires prompt reporting to the Nebraska Department of Agriculture.

To date, Theileria orientalis has been detected in specimens from imported feedlot animals at several locations in Nebraska. In each case, the animals originated in states from the southeast United States where the AHLT is well established and bovine theileriosis is very common. The effect of theileriosis on feeder calf health is poorly understood, but the risk of anemia during times of high stress in positive animals may contribute to increased morbidity and/or mortality in the feedyard. According to a recent newsletter, Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory has seen a dramatic increase in percentage of PCR positive detections for Theileria orientalis. The most severe cases also had high respiratory morbidity and mortality in calves. Since the ALHT is not currently established in Nebraska, the risk of disease in native cow/calf herds is likely exceedingly low. However, if the ALHT were to become established in parts of Nebraska in the future, the risk of theileriosis in native animals would increase.

Current and Planned Bovine Theileriosis Efforts in Nebraska UNL School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS), Nebraska Extension, and other groups are working with stakeholders to communicate and research topics around bovine theileriosis in Nebraska including management, diagnostic testing, and prevention strategies.

Faculty at the Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center and UNL School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences continue to work to understand current disease status and future risk in Nebraska, including surveillance for vector borne diseases such as Theileriosis in Nebraska in cow calf and feedlot sectors.

What to Do if You Suspect AHLT or Theileriosis If you suspect bovine theileriosis in your animals, contact your herd veterinarian.

If you suspect AHLT within Nebraska, contact the Nebraska Department of Agriculture at (402) 471-2351.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026— Page C25

GET COWS READY FOR BREEDING! Stretch your pasture

Maintain gut health and stability for profitability.

In Crystalyx & Dry Mineral

Bio-Mos® is derived from a specific strain of yeast and helps promote animal performance.

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Benefits of BIO-MOS 2: • Promotes performance at all stages • Supports colostrum quality and newborn calf performance • Contributes to gastrointestinal integrity and stability to aid in nutrient utilization • Supports average daily gain • Reinforces the health status of receiving cattle in the feedlot • Supports economic returns CRYSTALYX Blueprint 30 with BIO-MOS 2 supplement is designed for self-feeding to grazing beef cattle health.

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Feeds

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C26

Fraser’s Oil Inc. Inverness 406-292-3833 • Galata 406-432-2321 • Chester 406-759-5541

3 LOCATIONS TO SERVE YOU!

Montana State team deepens understanding of avian flu

By Reagan Cotton, MSU News Service

All Locations with 24 hour Fuel Pumps-All Major Credit Cards Accepted

✔ Repair Shop ✔ Tire Repairs ✔ Wheel Balance ✔ New Tires ✔ Recap Tires ✔ Used Tires On-the-Farm Tire Service IN STOCK NOW!

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Matt Taylor, left, Diane Bimczok, center, and Emma Loveday work in a lab Thursday, March 5, 2026, in Bozeman, Mont. MSU photo by Colter Peterson.

Full Line Ag Chemicals

With the support of a recent federal grant, a team of Montana State University microbiologists will spend the next three years expanding and deepening research into one of the world’s most damaging agricultural viruses, capitalizing on cutting-edge facilities and technologies housed at the university.

Assistant professor Emma Loveday of the College of Agriculture’s Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology is the lead investigator on a $1.9 million grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to study HPAI, or highly pathogenic avian influenza, more commonly known as “bird flu.” Avian influenza viruses are very diverse and originate in wild aquatic birds, Loveday said. HPAI strains, such as H5N1, are responsible for extensive economic losses to poultry producers, who must cull their flocks to contain the virus’s spread.

Loveday, along with professor Diane Bimczok and associate professor Matt Taylor of MSU’s Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, and professor Ron June of the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, will use the funding to support research examining how viral infection impacts cells in the chicken intestine.

“Knowing how infection differentially impacts cells can help us understand how the flu viruses grow, spread and propagate, which could open doors for treatment or prevention,” Loveday said.

The funding comes from a national USDA initiative aiming to better understand HPAI. The increased focus stems from an instance in 2024 when avian flu spread to dairy cattle, Loveday said. It was one of the first known instances of that type of cross-species transmission, and HPAI has since been identified in dairy cattle in 19 states, though not in Montana. In addition to the agricultural impact, over the past 4 years H5N1 has caused lethal disease in wildlife across North and South America, and has caused over 70 human cases, though these remain rare.

Although numerous HPAI vaccines are currently in development, their efficacy is unclear, and vaccinating chickens could lead to producers being unable to sell their meat due to food safety regulations and trade restrictions. Being able to better understand how the virus moves and developing ways to prevent its spread may be a more effective approach, Loveday said.

“How do we help the industry manage this problem?

Because when you have an outbreak on a farm, you have to cull all your birds,” said Loveday. “Vaccination may not prevent full cases of disease, so it becomes this balance of finding the best strategy. ” MSU’s study is unique, she added, because in much of recent HPAI research, scientists have examined the virus’s impact on overall chicken health, but the MSU project will drill down to the cellular level. Because avian flu doesn’t manifest through the coughs and sneezes common in human flu cases, it is transmitted through breath, feathers and waste in areas where chickens, ducks and similar birds are in close contact. Loveday, Bimczok and Taylor will develop dozens of different organoids – miniature organs cultivated in the lab that mimic different areas of the avian gut – to observe how they respond to infection. The organoids and data can also be shared with the scientific community so that others can use them for research as well.

INCLUDING BULK GLYPHOSATE

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CONTINUED ON PAGE C28

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C27

348 Frontage South Rd • GREAT FALLS, MT - Just west of the stockyards -

Call us: 406-315-5945 We Buy, Sell, and Rent Equipment, Trucks, and Trailers

www.northstarequipment.biz Call John 406-546-1743

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2015 Mack CXU613 MP8 engine 445 hp, Mack M-Drive 12 spd automatic, 650k miles..........$29,500

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2007 Reliance quad axle pup, 18-ft. steel dump box, 1 lift axle ... ........................................$15,000

2006 Utility 48-ft. spread axle combo drop deck........ Coming in

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2010 Towmaster gooseneck trailer, 10k axles, beavertail and ramps................$10,000.....$8500

2004 Transcraft 50’x102” combo stepdeck spread axle, air ride.. ........................................$20,500

2012 Kenworth T800 dump truck, Cummins ISX, 18 speed 46k rears, lockers, plumbed for pup................................$115,000

2016 Genie S40 manlift, 2400 hours................................$24,000

(3) 2015 Genie 1930 electric scissorlifts...........................$6000 2000 Load King 50-ton hyd. lowboy, 25-ft. well, lift axle....$39,500

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C28

Family Owned & Operated in Montana for over 50 Years!

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Montana State team deepens understanding of avian flu CONTINUED FROM PAGE C26

“This award reflects not only Emma’s strong expertise but also her ability to bring scientists together through collaboration,” said Jovanka Voyich, head of the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology. “By connecting talented researchers, she has built a For ALL Your Seed Cleaning Needs! dynamic team capable of We are a certified facility offering cleaning and treating of all seed varieties tackling one of today’s most pressing challenges in infectious disease research.”

The MSU team will use some of the university’s most innovative facilities in SPRING WHEAT SEED Joplin & Rudyard, MT their research, including two Gunnison WestBred (CSO) of MSU’s Core Facilities: the Bioimaging and AnaDagmar MSU (PVP) BARLEY lytical Core Labs, housed WB 9449 (CSO) in the Center for Biofilm Haymaker Hay Barley Engineering, and the CelMetcalfe Malt Barley lular Analysis Core. Both allow for cellular behavior to be analyzed in precise PEAS & LENTILS detail thanks to extremely Call us for Bridger Chickpeas high-powered microscopes, cell sorters and advanced information Passion (CSO) computers. The project will about 4193 YP (PVP) also make use of the Jutila WestBred Research Laboratory, one of Treat Options Improving Nature’s Grains and the Wheat design are trademarks of Avondale Monsanto Technology, LLC the most advanced biosafety labs in the region. The facilPO Box 167 ity is built to Centers for DisPlant Phone Brian (406) 450-1248 Rudyard, MT 59540 ease Control and Prevention 406-355-4333 Ron (406) 390-1220 BSL3 specifications, and its staff is extensively trained

to work with viruses like avian flu.

Combined with the cutting-edge equipment and labs they will use, Loveday said the research team itself 717 Madison Ave. W. Chester, MT (near Liberty County Airport) is part of what makes the We stock a large variety of Honey work so exciting. Bimczok, Bee parts including rod weeder who is the director of the Cellular Analysis Core, is an expert in organoid models, while Taylor’s work has explored viral evolution, biotechnology and immune system responses. Each faculty member will also oversee graduate students on the project, allowing for handson, high-level research experience for MSU students in facilities that are found nowhere else in Montana.

“When the HPAI grand challenge call came out, we knew we had the expertise to be competitive,’” said Loveday. “With our complementary expertise, we have a great team that has worked and published together before. Our prior experience T&T Farm Supply LLC Formerly Chester, MT known as REM and commitment to innovative and rigorous science is what sets this group apart.”

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##### Muslims do not use caskets (unless required by law). The body is washed three times, wrapped in a white shroud, and placed directly in the ground with the head pointed to Mecca. ##### Rats were originally native to Asia. They spread throughout the world on ships.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C29

Spring grass seeding

If you have items you want advertised in the June 2026 issue THE VERY LATEST WE CAN ACCEPT THEM is May 27th.

By Jerry Volesky, UNL Spring is a time when we might be considering seeding some grass for pasture, hay or just to establish permanent plant cover for wildlife habitat. In some cases, this may involve attempting to improve or renovate an existing stand or establishing grass on former cropland or a disturbed site.

To be successful, there are several important decisions that need to be made and guidelines to be followed. The first of these is deciding the type and species of grass that would be best suited for the site and match the intended use. General categories of grass include cool- or warm-season and native or introduced species. For example, cool-season grasses like wheatgrasses, smooth bromegrass, and orchardgrass are excellent choices for pasture and/or hay. For summer pasture or wildlife habitat, warm-season grasses such as switchgrass, indiangrass, the bluestems and gramas can work well. Additionally, there may be choices of legumes or forbs that could be included with the grasses. The soil type and average rainfall in your area would also affect the grass species you might select.

Important factors for successful grass establishment include proper seedbed preparation, method of seeding, weed control, and management of the newly emerged stand. In many cases, it is useful to get a soil test to determine any fertilization needs for the site. The ideal seeding rate and time of seeding will also vary depending on the grass species or mixture.

Make sure the details of your grass seeding plans are complete. For more information on this topic, search UNL Extension for ‘establishing dryland forage grasses.’

EQUIPMENT INSPECTION FOR THE NEXT SEASON

Combines $625

Header $375

Articulated Tractors

Sprayers $525

Swathers Windrowers $475

Round Balers $350

$475

Row Crop/ Loader Tractors $475

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C30

Late freezes and fruit trees

• Hopper Trailers

• Statewide Service

• Hydraulic tail equipment trailer with winch

• Also have the equipment and experience to clean up grain piles and containment areas 1M bushels and larger.

Call (406) 788-0088

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By Lauren Keefe, Forest Health Specialist, Nebraska Forest Service Scotts Bluff County saw some low temperatures on April 17-18, and there could be more freezing overnight temperatures in the forecast. Unusually high temperatures in February and March have contributed to many trees starting to bud or leaf out. Some examples of this include Ash, Elm, and Honeylocust. Flowers and fruiting structures have also started developing slightly ahead of schedule. Late freezes will surely affect both leaf and fruit production on our fruit-bearing trees.

New growth on trees is especially vulnerable to damage from frost. Leaves can become tattered and can turn brown or black as they thaw out, indicating tissue death. Typically, healthy trees can push a second set of buds to account for leaves damaged by freezing temperatures. It is important to note that it may take several hours to days to understand the complete damage rendered to the trees by the frost event.

Frost cracks are also known to develop on thin barked trees during times of severe temperature shifts. However, these cracks tend to form when those trees are exposed to temperatures of minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit (F), especially after a warm spell. Thus, these are unlikely to be seen or created at this point in the season.

Another concern with some of our trees in the area is the potential effect on fruit production in our fruiting trees. However, the stage of flower and fruit development during the time of the freeze will highly dictate how much damage the cold temperatures may inflict on your fruit crop.

Peach trees may see the most damage after our most recent freeze, as they are less cold hardy than apples.

If your peach’s flower buds have already turned pink, temperatures as low as 25 for 30 minutes can yield 10% crop mortality. If the flowers are in full bloom, similar temperatures (24 F) for 30 minutes could yield 90% fruit mortality.

Apples usually bloom later than the peaches, which may lend a hand in some cases of these late season freezes. However, that can add to fruit mortality at higher temperatures. If your apple’s leaf buds are just starting to leaf out (when you can see a little bit of green but the Get a jump on leaves haven’t opened yet), temperatures of 23 degrees F spring! or lower may yield 10% fruit Get your pivots now mortality. Meanwhile, trees in first or full bloom have before spring is been found to have 90% fruit upon us! mortality at temperatures of 25 degrees F or lower.

While some crop loss is expected from this past weekend, mild to moderate fruit loss to frost is not always a bad thing. Thinning of the fruit can lead to the remaining developing fruit receiving more resources throughout the season, sometimes resulting in a higher quality fruit crop.

For more information, contact Keefe, at lkeefe2@ unl.edu or at (531) 280-8758 or the Panhandle Extension Center.

For information on minimum temperatures, see this graphic produced by Mark Longstroth at MSU: https:// www.canr.msu.edu/fruit/ uploads/files/PictureTableofFruitFreezeDamageThresholds.pdf

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Successfully limit feed cattle in dry conditions

By Aaron Beger, Nebraska Extension Livestock Educator Drought conditions are challenging producers to be creative as they consider options for maintaining the cowherd through the summer, given limited pasture availability. Several research studies conducted at the University of Nebraska have shown that cows can be managed effectively utilizing a limit-fed ration.

In a limit-fed ration, the nutrient requirements of cattle are met with a diet that is less than the actual total amount that the cattle would eat if they had full access to all they could. Typically, these are total mixed rations, fed with a feed truck or wagon, consisting of limited amounts of forage and combined with protein and energy dense feed resources such as distillers grains.

For producers without access to a feed wagon, limit feeding can still be an option. Research at the University of Illinois and the University of Minnesota showed that cows can be given timed access to hay bales in feeders, with 3 hours of access, consuming 17 lbs. of dry matter of hay per day, while cows with 24-hour access consumed 34 lbs. of hay per day on a dry matter basis. Total hay waste was reduced significantly in both research studies when cows were limited to 14 hours or less on the bale feeders.

The type of bale feeder can also significantly impact the amount of hay waste. Research conducted by Oklahoma State University examined four bale feeder designs: a conventional open-bottom steel ring, a sheeted-bottom steel ring, a polyethylene pipe ring, and a modified cone feeder with a sheeted bottom. Hay waste was the lowest for the cone feeder at 5.3%, followed by the sheeted-bottom feeder, polyethylene feeder, and the open-bottom steel ring feeder. The combination of timed access to hay and use of bale ring feeders that reduce hay waste can stretch limited hay supplies.

When the availability of hay is limited by both quantity and quality, the feeding of grain and co-products in a bunk can be utilized to provide the additional protein and energy needed to meet a cow’s nutrient needs.

A research study conducted at Ohio State University found that mature cows could be fed a limit-fed corn diet in place of hay during late gestation and early lactation. Cows were either fed around 11 pounds of whole shelled corn, 2.5 pounds of a pelleted supplement, and 2 pounds of hay (dry matter basis) or offered hay and a free choice salt and mineral from November to April. Hay offered free choice was predominantly first-cutting orchardgrass, testing around 72% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 9.5% crude protein (CP). Cows in this study fed free-choice hay ate twice as much feed as the limit-fed diet. Cows on the limit-fed cornbased diet experienced no detrimental effects on subsequent performance, conception rates or on calf weaning weight when the limit-fed period was followed by summer grazing on pasture.

Producers should consider the following management practices when utilizing limit feeding.

Work with Nebraska Extension Beef Educators and Specialists to develop a ration that will meet protein and energy requirements. The ration will need to be adjusted throughout the feeding period to meet the nutritional needs of both the cow and calf.

Give at least 30 inches of bunk space per cow when limit feeding an energy and protein dense diet. If bunk space is limited, consider doubling the use of bunks by sorting cows into two groups. Feed one group of cows in the morning and the other group later in the day.

Provide creep access to hay and supplements to ensure calves receive adequate protein and energy to meet their nutritional needs. Plus, a separate watering tank that is set up just for calves can be beneficial.

Utilize a vitamin and mineral supplement that complements feeds being utilized. Cows with limited access to hay are prone to consume more free choice mineral than needed.

Consider using the ionophore monensin to improve feed efficiency.

Divide cows into groups based on age and pecking order to ensure all cows receive their fair share of feed. Monitor cows’ body condition scores and adjust groups as needed to ensure thin and timid cows have access to the feed they need.

Cows will often act hungry when receiving a limit-fed diet, even though the ration is meeting the cow’s nutrition requirements. Feeding cows at consistent times each day will help reduce discontented behavior.

Limiting cow feeding in a dry lot can be accomplished without feeding a total mixed ration. With some creativity and planning, producers can often use existing equipment and resources in a way to limit feed and meet cow nutrition needs without the use of a feed truck or wagon.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C33

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Dr. Nevin Lawrence was recently awarded the 2025 Outstanding Extension Program Award by Nebraska’s Gamma Sigma Delta Chapter. Photo

by Chabella Guzman

Weed scientist recognized by agricultural honor society

By Chabella Guzman | PREEC Communications Six plus years of research on Palmer amaranth, sugar beets, and a new herbicide were recognized at the annual Gamma Sigma Delta Nebraska Chapter awards reception in Lincoln when Dr. Nevin Lawrence received the 2025 Outstanding Extension Program Award.

“Nevin developed a highly relevant research and extension program focused on weed management in crops commonly grown in the Nebraska Panhandle, including sugarbeet, dry bean, sunflower, potato, and other specialty and minor crops,” said Martha Mamo, University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) Agronomy and Horticulture Department Head.

Lawrence is an Associate Professor in the UNL Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and Nebraska Extension and Weed Management Specialist at the Panhandle Research, Extension and Education Center in Scottsbluff.

He has been working closely with growers and the Western Sugar Cooperative in Scottsbluff for several years on the herbicide-resistant weed Palmer amaranth, a veritable powerhouse producing thousands of seeds per plant.

Beginning in 2018, Lawrence initiated research on metamitron, an herbicide not previously registered in the United States, for control of Palmer amaranth in sugarbeets.

Between 2018 and 2023, his program generated the critical data needed to establish crop safety, application rates, and integration strategies. Based exclusively on this research, and following industry advocacy, the U.S. EPA granted a Section 18 Emergency Exemption for Goltix® (metamitron) in 2023 for 38,000 acres of sugarbeet in Nebraska and Colorado.

“Nevin’s work delivered a transformative impact for the sugarbeet industry. Palmer amaranth infestations had caused yield losses of up to 60%, threatening the economic viability of production,” said John Westra, UNL Panhandle Research Extension and Education Center Director.

The adoption of Goltix and an extensive Extension effort reached over 700 growers and addressed more than 75 producer inquiries in 2024. His program generated an estimated $7.8 million in yield savings and more than $21 million in economic impact in a single year. The success of this work led to the expansion of the Goltix label to Wyoming, Idaho, and Oregon in 2025, extending its regional and national influence. In recognition of these contributions, Nevin received the Western Sugar Cooperative Award for Exemplary Research Achievements, the first time the honor was awarded to a university faculty member and was invited as a featured speaker at the WSG Ag Symposium.

“Nevin also plays a key role in organizing and delivering flagship Extension events such as the Panhandle Agriculture Research and Technology Tour and the High Plains Weed Management Field Day, both of which are well attended and highly valued by growers and industry,” Mamo said.

Lawrence also contributes to updating the “Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska” (Extension Circular 130), one of the state’s most important pest management resources.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C35

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Managing sheep keds

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By Jaelyn Whaley, SDSU Extension Sheep Field Specialist; Additional Authors: Patrick Wagner Sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus) are blood-sucking external parasites that can significantly impact sheep production.

Sheep ked infestations cause discomfort for sheep and lead to reduced wool quality, weight loss, and, in severe cases, anemia. Understanding the lifecycle and knowing treatment options are the best ways to manage any parasite, including keds.

Profile Sheep keds are sometimes referred to as “sheep ticks.”

However, this term is misleading since they are not ticks at all. Keds are actually insects, and more specifically, flies.

The lifecycle of sheep keds is quite unique and differs from that of many other ectoparasites. Unlike many insects, which lay eggs, sheep keds give birth to live young. This makes their reproducFigure 1. Adult female sheep ked (Me- tive strategy different lophagus ovinus). (Courtesy: Ken Gray from many other paraPhotograph Collection, 1964-1979 (P sitic insects.

256), Oregon State University Special Adult sheep keds Collections and Archives Research Center, are wingless flies that Corvallis, Oregon; CC BY 4.0) are nearly ¼ inch long and reddish-brown in color (Figure 1). They spend their life (several months) on sheep, during which time they feed on blood and reproduce. Female sheep keds give birth to fully developed larvae. The larvae are “glued” to the wool with a sticky substance and pupate within hours after they are born. Upon completion of their pupal stage (3-4 weeks), adult keds emerge and begin the cycle again, continuing to spread to other nearby sheep.

Keds are host specific, so they cannot be transmitted from other animals carrying Hippoboscidae species. These wingless insects thrive in cool, moist weather, with the most significant infestations seen in March through May. Populations may see an additional rise in late fall.

Impacts on Sheep Sheep ked infestations can cause a variety of issues for sheep. The blood-feeding nature of the keds leads to irritation, wool damage, and anemia. Below are some of the common impacts: Wool Quality: The bites cause irritation and inflammation that leads to itching and wool loss, as well as a skin condition called “cockle”. The damage to the wool and hide affects its market value.

Weight Loss: Due to the blood loss caused by the feeding of keds, sheep may experience weight loss or stunted growth, especially in heavy infestations.

Anemia: In severe cases, where large (Credit: SDSU College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences) numbers of keds feed on a single sheep, anemia can occur. This results in pale mucous membranes, lethargy, and general poor health.

Secondary Infections: The wounds caused by the feeding of keds can lead to bacterial infections. This can complicate the clinical picture and require additional veterinary intervention.

Treatment/Prevention Effective management of sheep keds often requires a multi-faceted approach. Here are the key treatment strategies: Insecticides: Pour-on treatments, such as permethrin, are most commonly used to kill adult keds. External parasite dusts and dips can also be effective treatments. Systemic insecticides, which are absorbed by the animal and spread through its blood (i.e., oral drenches and injectables), can also be effective in killing feeding keds. Many of these are common dewormers as well, including ivermectin, moxidectin, and doramectin.

Wool Harvesting and Shearing: Shearing sheep before applying insecticides allows for better penetration and effectiveness. Regular shearing can help reduce the population of sheep keds. In the case of an existing infestation, removing heavily infested wool and treating the animal with insecticides is essential.

Environmental Management: Although keds often do not survive long in the environment, regular cleaning of CONTINUED ON PAGE C37

National Chocolate Chip Day

This holiday is always celebrated on May 15 Chocolate chips are a great invention and certainly deserve a little recognition. After all, where would chocolate chip cookies, cakes, and muffins be without the chocolate chip? And, can you imagine ice cream without chocolate chips on top!?

Chocolate chips are popular in cooking and baking, a wide variety of breads, and cookies. It’s a great topper for ice cream and puddings. There is an almost endless number of recipes. They are also used in decorating. Have you ever had chocolate chip pancakes? How about chocolate chips in trail mix?

How to Celebrate National Chocolate Chip Day There are many ways to have a successful National Chocolate Chip Day. Here are some suggestions: • Bake something with chocolate chips.

• Give some of these baked goods to family or friends.

• Bring chocolate chip cookies to work to share with your co-workers.

• Set a dish of them on the kitchen counter or your desk at work. Watch how fast they disappear.

Managing sheep keds CONTINUED FROM PAGE C36

barns and pens is vital in breaking the life cycle. Bedding should be changed regularly, and infested areas should be disinfected. Ensuring that sheep are not crowded can also reduce the spread of keds.

Sheep keds represent a significant health concern for sheep farmers, particularly in areas with high sheep populations and conducive environmental conditions. Understanding their life cycle, the impacts of an infestation, and the available treatment options can help mitigate the damage caused by this parasite. Regular management strategies, including the use of insecticides, good flock management practices, and environmental control measures, are essential for maintaining healthy sheep and preventing the spread of sheep keds.

##### The odor from baking or boiling salmon may be eliminated by squeezing lemon juice on both sides of each salmon steak or on the cut surface of the salmon and letting it stand in the refrigerator for one hour or longer before cooking.

Haulmark 8.5-ft. x 20-ft. 10K cargo trailer, 2-5K spring electric brake axles, 4” drop, EZ lube hubs, LED lights, inside height approximately 7-ft., rear ramp door with spring assist. Stock #40738. .............................. Our Price: $12,285 Celltech 7-ft. x 16-ft.

10K cargo contractor trailer, 5200 lbs Dexter EZ lube axles, hot dipped galvanized frame, all steel (Celltech metals) panel construction, 2-ft. V-nose, comes with Celltech’s 10-year structural & panel delamination warranty. Stock #00997......... ........... Price: $17,650 ON SALE! $15,950

Double A 7-ft. x 14-ft. 7K utility trailer, 2-3500 lb. EZ lube axle, 4-ft. spring assist mesh ramp gate, multiple tie down points. Stock #32527........................... ................................ Our Price: $4,275

RawMaxx 77” x 12-ft. 3.5K tube top utility trailer, 4-ft. flip mesh ramp, LED lights, 5 year Dexter axle warranty, 3 year structural / 1 year paint. Stock #31936.................... Our Price: $3,595

RawMaxx 77” x 14-ft. 3.5K tube top utility trailer, 4-ft. flip mesh ramp, all weather wiring harness, LED lights, 5 year Dexter axle warranty, 3 year structural / 1 year paint. Stock #32025. ................................ Our Price: $3,851

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C37

EQUIPMENT

Belmont 82” x 18-ft. 14K lo-profile equipment trailer, 5-ft. standup spring assisted ladder ramps with support stands, LED lights. Stock #09807........ ........ Price: $10,580 ON SALE! $6,900

CAR HAULERS

Belmont FTC8318 flat track 8K bumper pull car hauler trailer with additional 30″ tail, aluminum rock guard, on-board battery charger, Dexter self-adjusting electric brakes, grommet-mounted LED lights, lockable A-frame toolbox.

Stock # 07199....... Our Price: $23,950

Belmont FCH8018 flat track 80” x 18-ft.

14K tandem axle, knuckled A-frame, lockable A-frame toolbox, on-board battery charger. Stock #05592............. ...... Price: $24,995 ON SALE! $23,900

Double A 7-ft. x 20-ft. 10K bumper pull car hauler trailer, rear support stabilizers, 2-ft. dove tail, 5-ft. slide-in ramps, LED lights. Stock #32543.................... ................................ Our Price: $5,665

Hillcrest 82” x 22-ft. 16K bumper pull tilt deck equipment trailer, 16-ft. tilt deck, 6-ft. fixed, 2-8K EZ lube axles. Stock #01308.................... Our Price: $9,750

Walton BDE208-22B 16K 102” x 22-ft. bumper pull deck over trailer, 8K oil bath axles, 3 year limited structural warranty.

Stock #00183.......... Our Price: $13,650

DUMP Hillcrest 7-ft. x 16-ft.

16K gooseneck dump trailer, 1-pc engineered neck, 12 ton 3 stage telescopic cylinder, spreader gate, rear stabilizer stands. Stock #01222..... Our Price: $17,985 Hillcrest 7-ft. x 16-ft. 16K bumper pull dump trailer, spreader gate, rear stabilizer stands, lockable pump & battery box, wired remote, LED lights. Stock #00927 ............................. ....................................... Our Price: $15,650 Hillcrest 7-ft. x 14-ft. 14K bumper pull dump trailer, spreader gate, rear stabilizer stands, HD slide-in ramps, LED lights. Stock #01225....... Our Price: $11,950 Hillcrest 7-ft. x 16 -ft. 14K gooseneck dump trailer, 1-pc engineered neck, 15,900 GVWR, 40” sides, rear stabilizer stands. Stock #01226..... Our Price: $16,950

EQUIPMENT

Hillcrest 83” x 22-ft. 16K bumper pulI Ibeam equipment trailer, dual jacks, LED lights, tongue mounted lockable toolbox, 3-ft. self-cleaning dove tail with mega ramps. Stock #01386.............................. ................................ Our Price: $10,225

Walton 85” x 12-ft. 7K tilt deck equipment trailer, 7000 lb. torsion axle with EZ lube hubs, full deck tilt. Stock #00170.................... Our Price: $7,250

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C38

If you have items you want advertised in the June 2026 issue THE VERY LATEST WE CAN ACCEPT THEM is May 27th.

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Phone Brad - (406) 799-2042 or Tom - (406) 799-8323

Nobody beats Montana Lockbox.

We stock every size and option available of shipping containers.

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406-788-8808

DBL Sales and Service, LLC

US Dealer for K-Hart Direct Seeding Disc Drills Dave and Brock Linker • 6960 North Coffee Creek Rd, Coffee Creek, MT 59424

New K-Hart 8620 Gent Disc Opener

Several used drills for sale Call for more information

Used Inventory Limited Call for info

Retro fit row units for John Deere 1890 and 1895 disc drill.

K-Hart the easiest pulling drill on the market today.

NOW AVAILABLE:

Dave cell: 406-350-2266, home: 406-567-2632 Brock cell: 406-350-2886, home: 406-567-3633

Mealworms could help prevent the spread of HPAI

By Colton Tripp, K-State Extension news service Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a systemic, often fatal disease that impacts poultry and a wide range of wild bird species globally. As highly transmissible lineages, such as H5N1, continue to cause unprecedented outbreaks, Kansas State University researchers are using CRISPRedited mealworms to develop a rapid-response vaccination platform to combat the spread.

“We are working with Dr. Marce Lorenzen at North Carolina State University and the K-State Department of Entomology’s Insect Farming Initiative to edit the genomes of mealworms to express an HPAI antigen,” said Laura Miller, associate professor of veterinary virology, immunology and genomics.

“When consumed, this protein induces a protective immune response within the chicken.”

Mealworms, the larval stage of the darkling beetle, are a common poultry feed supplement that contains high fat and protein content.

“The advantage of using mealworms as a platform is that the vaccine is delivered simply as feed,” Miller said. “This eliminates the need for individual injections, significantly reducing handling stress for the birds and labor costs for the producer.”

CRISPR-edited mealworms can be delivered to poultry as live feed or processed into a shelf-stable, freeze-dried meal.

Once the genetic line is established, these mealworms can be mass-produced within existing insect farms, providing a sustainable and scalable supply of the vaccine.

“Feeding mealworm larvae is a significantly more effective way to administer these antigens rather than manually vaccinating millions of birds,” Miller said. “The platform is also highly cost-effective because the insects have a rapid life cycle and survive off of low-cost agricultural byproducts.”

Plus, she said that producing these mealworms does not require a centralized, high-cost bio-manufacturing facility.

Instead, the vaccine-carrying larvae can be produced in decentralized insect farms near poultry operations, drastically reducing transportation.

“The platform is designed to be highly adaptable; while we are currently targeting specific HPAI strains, the system is essentially ‘plug-and-play’,” Miller said. “As the virus evolves, we can rapidly switch the genetic sequence of the antigen to ensure the vaccine remains effective against new circulating variants.”

Once these genetic modifications are established, they are stable and heritable, allowing the vaccine-producing trait to be passed through successive generations of mealworms.

“Our goal is for these mealworms to provide both a primary dose and subsequent booster, such as traditional vaccine protocols,” Miller said. “One of our ongoing research questions is determining the optimal exposure frequency to ensure a long-term immune response without inducing oral tolerance.”

Miller explained that while the insects are genetically modified, the chickens that consume them remain genetically unchanged. The mealworms serve only as the carrier vessel for the vaccine protein, ensuring the poultry remains safe for human consumption.

“There’s no genetic editing occurring within the chicken; the modification is strictly confined to the insect,” Miller said. “The mealworm simply produces a specific protein that the chicken’s immune system recognizes, much like any other feed-based nutrient.”

Miller said that the platform’s potential extends beyond commercial poultry, with future research potentially exploring its use in wild bird populations. Delivering a targeted oral vaccine to wild game or migratory species could provide a strategic buffer against the transmission of HPAI before it reaches domestic farms.

Additionally, the Insect-Farming Initiative is investigating insect-based additives in the pet food industry. As insect farming matures as a sustainable protein source for companion animals, it opens the door for a new generation of functional, health-promoting feeds.

“Because mealworms are a highly efficient protein production system, this platform is essentially pathogen-agnostic,” Miller said. “The same underlying technology we are using for HPAI could be adapted to produce antigens for a wide range of other viral and bacterial diseases affecting multiple species.”

More information on the HPAI outbreak is available online from K-State Today.

More information: Laura Miller, lauramiller@ksu.edu

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C39

406-265-9554 or 888-265-9554 1287 Highway 87 • Havre, MT 59501 Owner: Ron Harmon CELL: 406-265-0096

• www.bigequipment.com •

BUY, SALE, TRADE or RENT Versatile 320 Asking $89,500 Big Bud 600/50 With duals

AIR DRILLS: John Deere, Flexi-Coil, Morris Several sizes and widths HEADERS: MacDon 1042, Case IH 1010-1015, 2020 John Deere 930F, 936D

Ag Tires and Rims

Various sizes to choose from - Huge Selection

Friggstad 53 Clean Chisel Plow Nichols knock on shovels $22,000

Versatile 856 Power Shift. $39,000

Ask about weekly & monthly rates, to schedule delivery, & more!

John Deere 8640 with PTO tach change 2230 hours, 60 to 70% tires, has Degelman dozer blade available.

Call for more Information

1980 Versatile 875 280 hp, 6285 hours.

Runs great, tires are not the best. $28,000

Flexi-Coil 820 60-ft. chisel plow with harrows, clean $60,000

Concord 50-ft. air drill with 2300 tank.

Call for more Information

Flexi-Coil 820 50-ft. chisel plow with harrow $50,000

Flexi-Coil 5000 45-ft., 9” spacing with steel packers. Excellent condition. New black frame Series 2340 tow between tank. $49,500

Versatile 950 tractor, good condition.

Call for Price

16-ft. 6-way blade. $25,000

Summers 70-ft. pickup sprayer, $15,000

Hesston 50-ft. heavy duty disk, fold back for narrow transport.

Great condition.

CALL

2007 John Deere 9430 Very clean $165,000

Combines 1680 - 2188 - 1688 with miscellaneous headers.

Peterbilt grain truck, box & hoist, New batteries.

Good condition.

Sale price $18,000

GMC grain truck Very clean and in nice shape. $15,000

Seedmaster 50-ft. drill with new packers, 12” spacing $95,000

1995 AgcoStar 8425 475 hp, duals.

Very clean. $82,500

Morris plow with harrows Call for Price

Versatile 835 Clean tractor inside and out. Tires are good.

Sale priced at $22,500

2) Versatile 1150 Both clean tractors.

Similar set up. $85,000

John Deere 235 24-ft. disc, clean $15,000

Morris 7240 240 bushel tow between with 39-ft., 12” spacing, single shoot steel packers. $35,000

Bourgault 5710 44-ft. drill $40,000 1997 Case IH 9380 Cummins N14, 450 HP, 4WD, 24 speed transmission, front and rear weights. $85,000

1998 Concord 3612 230 bushel tank, 36-ft., 12” spacing. $25,000

Seed Master 88-ft. drill with tank, field ready, good condition. $80,000 obo

See more photos and details!

Big Bud HN 320 300 hp, very clean Pictures coming soon. $120,000

1978 Versatile 855 4WD, 250 hp, 4 remotes, duals, rubber 50%, local trade $25,000

Flexi-Coil 5000 57-ft. air drill, 12” spacing with 2340 cart. $30,000

Flexi-Coil 42-ft. chisel plow with harrows.

CALL

1978 Midway grain trailer. $8500

www.bigequipment.com

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C40

Deadline for advertising in the June 2026 issue is WEDNESDAY, May 27th.

Farmer Owned with Global Connections

16 LOCATIONS TO SERVE YOU! COME SEE US FOR ALL YOUR ANIMAL NUTRITION NEEDS! DAIRY • BEEF • SWINE • POUTRY • SHEEP • GOATS • EQUINE Services: Ration Formulation • Feed Efficiency • Custom Consultation

Why choose Forager Liquids?

Liquid feeds are designed for feedlot cattle or cattle out on pasture to improve forage utilization. Our broad profile of liquid ingredients supply cattle with essential proteins, sugars, trace minerals and vitamins for superior performance.

Multiple Types of Poutry Feeds Available • Laying chickens • Broiler chickens • Organic poultry • Turkeys • Game birds • Concentrates • Treats Why choose Champion Power Booster?

Champion Power Booster is a uniquely formulated supplement designed to be fed to club calves or developing breeding stock when optimum performance and condition is the goal.

Also available: Champion Lamb, Champion Hi-Lean Hog and Champion Meat Goat.

Equine Feeds Mare & Foal: Generation Senior: Golden Senior

All Life Stage: Element - Controlled sugar and starch Complete - Complete Performance - Texturized

Various Supplements also available

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Big Sandy, MT 406-378-2306 Broadview, MT 406-667-2316 Chinook, MT 406-357-2280 Columbus, MT 406-322-5713

Denton, MT 406-567-2273 Geraldine, MT 406-737-4480 Great Falls, MT 406-453-0384 Harlem, MT 406-353-2490

Havre, MT 406-265-2275 Kershaw, MT 406-622-5966 Lewistown, MT 406-535-6753 Malta, MT 406-654-2022

Moccasin, MT 406-423-7879 Rudyard, MT 406-355-4154 Turner, MT 406-379-2275 Winifred, MT 406-462-5428

We have it all right here!

From SUVs and Pickups to Semis, Grain Trailers, and More!

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2026 Neville 40-ft., electric tarp, electric traps, 24.5 wheels, front & back catwalks, mud flap & fender package, tire inflators.

All FET’s Included.

Stock #175456

$23,500 2008 Merritt Tender Trailer Stock #019790

$12,000 $10,000 2003 Jet 34-ft. steel hopper, manual tarp, electric traps.

Stock #00034

$44,290

2026 Neville Spring Ride, Manual Tarp & Traps Includes FET. Stock #175455

View more inventory on our Website at:

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2016 New Holland Work Horse 70 ONLY 44 HOURS! 3 point hitch, loader with bucket and heavy duty pallet fork. $35,000

2013 International ProStar Max Force 475 hp, 10 speed manual, front disc brakes, 52,000 miles, aluminum wheels all around.

Stock #153205 $39,995

2015 Freightliner Cascadia DD13 Detriot, 410 hp, 10 speed manual, air ride, 22.5 tires, 846,140 miles Stock #GK3392 $25,000

The USCA Board elected officers who began their terms April 1. Pictured left to right: Second Vice President Michael Brekhus (ND), current President Tim Mickelson (ND), incoming President Dale Flikkema (MT), and First Vice President Jeff Mortenson (MN).

U.S. Canola Association Recent Elections

The U.S. Canola Association held elections at its recent Annual meeting in Washington, D.C. Tim Mickelson of Rolla, was honored for his role as President of the Association for the last two years. Dale Flikkema of Montana was elected President. Jeff Mortenson of Minnesota was elected first vice president and Mike Brekhus of Kenmare was elected second vice president.

Garret Groves of Devils Lake was elected to the board of directors representing the north central region, along with Clint Anderson of Idaho and Tyson Sanderfur of Kentucky filling at large positions.

Congratulations to Tim Mickelson for serving as President for the past two years and to Mike Brekhus and Garret Groves on their positions on the board.

Cattle Chat: When to move pregnant cows — and when not to

By Chevy-Lynn Vaske, K-State Extension news service Transporting pregnant cows may seem routine, but timing and management decisions can have significant impacts on the success of the herd, according to experts from the Kansas State University Beef Cattle Institute.

During a recent episode of the BCI Cattle Chat podcast, veterinarians and beef cattle experts emphasized that moving pregnant cattle requires careful consideration to avoid unnecessary stress and potential pregnancy loss.

They emphasized one of the most critical factors is the stage of pregnancy. Experts noted that early gestation is the most vulnerable period for embryonic loss, particularly when cows are exposed to stress from handling or transportation.

“Early pregnancy is a time when we need to be especially cautious,” cow-calf specialist Jason Warner said. “Stress during that period can increase the risk of losing that pregnancy.”

Transportation itself introduces multiple stressors, including handling, loading, travel conditions and environmental changes. These stressors can impact not only pregnancy retention but also overall animal health and performance.

“Anytime we move cattle, we’re adding stress,” Warner said. “The goal is to minimize that stress as much as possible, especially for pregnant females.”

To reduce risk, producers are encouraged to evaluate whether transportation is necessary during early gestation.

If movement cannot be avoided, proper handling techniques and planning become essential. This includes minimizing time in transit, avoiding over-crowding and ensuring cattle are handled calmly throughout the process.

In addition, maintaining consistency in nutrition and environment before and after transport can help cattle adjust more effectively. Sudden changes in feed, water access or weather conditions may compound stress and further increase the risk of complications.

While transportation later in pregnancy may pose less risk for embryonic loss, experts still recommend careful management to protect both the cow and developing calf.

Ultimately, specialists stress that thoughtful decisionmaking around transportation can help producers protect reproductive success and maintain herd productivity.

For more on this topic, listen to the full episode of Cattle Chat, produced by K-State’s Beef Cattle Institute. Questions on this and other topics also may be sent to bci@ksu.edu.

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 – Page C41

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(2) 2025 John Deere W200M windrowers with R400 13-ft. header, steel conditioner, approximately 600 hours. Each.........$190,000 (2) 2025 John Deere W235R windrowers with 16-ft. 500R header, steel conditioner, standard cab, Gen 4 display with activations, no Globe. Touch set, knobby tires, less than 100 hours. Each..... .......................................................................................$226,900 (2) 2025 John Deere W235R windrowers with 16-ft. 500R headers, steel conditioner, standard cab, Gen 4 Display with activations, no Globe, Touch set, knobby tires, around 300 hours. Each........ .......................................................................................$222,900 2023 John Deere W235R windrower with 16-ft. R500 header, steel conditioer, 423 hours. Stock #95060.............................$215,000 2015 John Deere 500R 16-ft. header with steel conditioner. Stock #94944.............................................................................$24,500

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2015 Parma 25-ft. single roller packer..................................$33,000 John Deere 2680 25-ft. high speed disc, new discs...........$140,000 John Deere 2720 7-shank disc ripper, 17-ft. 6” narrow fold rolling baskets.................................................................................. Call

(2) 2025 John Deere 561M round balers, level 4 heavy duty with Grease Banks, net wrap, moisture sensor, Cam clutch, approximately 6000 bales. Each.................................................$62,000 (2) 2024 John Deere 561M round balers, heavy duty with Grease Banks, net wrap, scale & moisture sensor, Cam clutch, variable core valve. Stock #94158, 5132 bales, Stock #94159, 6130 bales.

Each................................................................................$59,000

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2024 John Deere L341R large square baler, 6500 bales, tandem axle, auto grease, moisture sensor and wide pickup. Stock #94389.... .......................................................................................$177,500 2023 John Deere L341 square baler, moisture sensor, auto grease basic. Stock #93777......................................................$150,000 2021 Massey Ferguson 2290 4x4 baler, 32,807 bales, single axle, large 1000 PTO, bale ejector with monitor. Stock #94959.$104,000

ROUND BALERS

2023 Deere 324G skidsteer, pilot controls, 70 hours, 2 speed, 78” bucket, open cab. Stock #94676.....................................$60,000

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2023 John Deere 8R 340 Signature Edition, IVT with RHR, ILS, full GPS, 6 SCVs, 380/90R54 rear tires with duals, 380/80R38 front tires with duals, 291 hours. 6 year/4000 hour extended PowrGard Warranty. Stock #90254.............................$433,000 (2) 2025 John Deere 6155 cab tractor, MFWD, 640R loader and grapple, 20 speed PowrQuad with left hand reverser, AutoTrac ready less receiver, 3 rear SCV’s, beacon and work lights, triple link front suspension,. 2-450# weights each side and ballast.

Each..............................................................................$219,000 2023 John Deere 5090E cab tractor, MFWD, 12/12 transmission with left hand reverser, loader ready, air seat, 3 SCVs, approximately 700 hours. Factory warranty good till 10-2025, Powertrain good till 10-2028 or 3500 hours. Stock #91752............$68,500 2019 New Holland PowerStar 110 1250 hours, 665TL loader with bucket, 110 horsepower, 2 SCV’s....................................$57,500

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2023 John Deere 8RX 370 IVT transmission with right hand reverser, 24” tracks, 85 GPM hydraulic pump, 6 SCVs, Ultimate cab with air seat and cab suspension, 954 hours. PowrTrain Warranty.

Good till January 2027 or 2500 hours. Stock #92170.$440,000 2024 John Deere 8R 370 tractor, IVT transmission, ILS, dual hydraulic pump 85 GPM, 6 SCVs, autonomy prep package, cab suspension, 480/95/50 rear tires with duals, 480/70/34 front tires with duals, 1800# rear weights, 22 front weights, 604 hours. Stock #94392.. .......................................................................................$445,000 2024 John Deere 8R 340 with IVT transmission, right hand reverser, air seat, cab suspension, autonomy prep package, 6 SCVs, 84 GPM hydraulic pump, 420/85/34 front tires with duals, 480/80/50 rear tires with duals, 1500# each side rear, 22 front weights, 1300 hours. Stock #94391......................................................$385,000

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2023 Kawasaki Teryx 1000 2 seater, 1395 miles, roof windshield, turn signals, horn & back up lights. Stock #91709...........$22,700 2021 Haybuster CMF-740 vertical mixer, twin screw, Dogleg discharge..............................................................................$52,500 2021 Haybuster 2800 round and square bale processor, right hand discharge. Stock #95740.................................................$25,000 2017 Haybuster 2660 round bale processor, right hand discharge, hydraulic deflector chute, grain tank, new flotation tires. Stock #95472.............................................................................$21,250 1998 Highline 7000 bale processor, left hand discharge, 1000 PTO. Stock #95737......................................................................$8500 2024 John Deere 344-P compact loader, 2.0 yard bucket, high lift, hydro with 2 speed transmission, Halogen work lights, Iso coupler. ...............................................................................$160,500 2023 John Deere 320P backhoe, cab with heat/AC, MFWD, Extendahoe, thumb, auxiliary hydraulics, front quick attach, 783 hours.

Stock #94978.................................................................$139,200 John Deere 595 backhoe, 5M Series mounting brackets, 14” bucket, like new. Stock #89958....................................................$13,000 2023 John Deere R500 16-ft. header, steel conditioner. Stock #91200.............................................................................$52,500 (2) 2024 Twin Star 2030 G3-7 hydraulic V rakes. Each.......$37,500 (2) 2018 New Holland 216 hydraulic rake. Stock #88660 & Stock #91171. Each...................................................................$19,500 2023 Kinze 1121 grain cart, 1100 bushel, double auger, scale with GT 400 display, manual tarp, used very little. Stock #87888........ .......................................................................................$128,000 John Deere 455 25-ft. grain drill, 6” spacing, grass, grain and fertilizer boxes. Used 2 season.....................................................$96,900 1997 John Deere 680 chisel plow 15-ft., rear harrow, consignment.

Stock #96482...................................................................$12,000 2014 John Deere 2623 tandem disk, 26-ft., 3 section folding, 9” spacing. 22” fronts, 23” rears, rear harrow, consignment. Stock #96481.............................................................................$42,500 Maybridge 26-ft. harrow cart. Stock #96281...........................$6500 Woods SB74C snowblower with manual discharge................$4949 Woods BO72RC 72” rotary cutter............................................$4290 Woods TK72 72” finish mower. Stock #84419.........................$4600 2023 Frontier AF11E 6-ft. front snow blade, manual angle, John Deere 300, 400, 500 mount. Like new. Stock #92095.........$2800 2023 Frontier BB 5084 7-ft. box blade with scarifier teeth. Stock #94863.................................................................................$1600 2015 Farm King 1450 3-point post driver. Stock #96606........$4000

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Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C42

2001 International 4700 Service Truck under CDL, 210hp DT466E, AT, AC, AB, PS, 61K miles, Tiger 6K hyd. Crane, 13-ft. bed, Miller 225NT 8kw, 20cfm compressor, 50% 22.5 tires, runs and drives great...........$25,500 1995 Lull Telehandler 8K-42 Enclosed cab w/heater, 4400hrs, 8000lb. capacity, 60” forks, 4x4x4, JD 4045T, 42ft. lift height, 50% 14-24 tires, good strong machine, weight 24k...............................$26,500 1992 Ford LS9000 Water Truck 2200 gal. tank, pto pump, front, rear & side spray, 350hp Cat 3406B, 7spd, AC, PS, Locker, 50% 11r22.5’s, runs and sprays great............................. $23,500 2008 Ford F550 Contractor Dump 71k miles, 6.4 Powerstroke diesel, AT, AC, PS, 19.5K gvw, tow package, 60% 225/70r19.5 tires, 24” backpack storage, 11ft. Rugby PTO dump, air gate, tarp, fold down sides, serviced and ready to work........$26,500 1993 Landoll 50 ton Lowboy 25-ft. well x 102” wide, air ride, 65% 255/70r22.5’s, self contained, hydraulic detachable non-ground bearing, T-1 frame, flipouts, 51-ft. long, 16” and 36” kingpin settings............$39,500

Yonts Water Conference delivers low irrigation outlook

By Gary Stone | Nebraska Extension Water and Crops Educator, Jessica Groskopf | Nebraska Extension Agricultural Economics Cropping Systems Educator, John Thomas | Nebraska Extension Water and Crops Educator, Dr. Xin Qiao | Nebraska Extension Water Irrigation Specialist, Chabella Guzman | PREEC Communications Specialist The annual Yonts Water Conference, held on Wednesday, April 8, packed the auditorium and overflowed into side rooms, with 270 attendees at the Panhandle Research Extension and Education Center in Scottsbluff. The crowd of Nebraska and Wyoming ag producers and irrigation stakeholders in the North Platte River Valley gathered to receive updates on snowpack/runoff conditions, reservoir carryover, tunnel replacement progress, and resources and options from the USDA Risk Management Agency.

The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBOR) provided estimates for the snowpack/ runoff for the North Platte River Basin. The 2026 forecasted runoff/inflow for the North Platte Project (Pathfinder and Guernsey) is approximately 550,000 acre-feet. This number includes water ownership/carryover

of 340,000 acre-feet in both reservoirs. The 550,000 acre-feet of water is split between the Pathfinder Irrigation District, Goshen Irrigation District, and the Gering-Fort Laramie Irrigation District. The amounts each district will receive will depend on the final estimated forecasts from the USBOR and on each district’s carryover amounts.

Other irrigation districts in the North Platte River valley may have some storage water carryover at Glendo and rely on natural-flow water rights. The average runoff/inflow is around 891,000 acre-feet. The snowpack/ runoff started approximately 30 days earlier than normal, with a snow water equivalent approximately 9-10 inches less than normal.

The North Platte River Basin snowpack is at 39% of normal at this time.

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Figure 1. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation TEACUP image of the North Platte River reservoir levels, inflows, and outflows along the North Platte River in Wyoming for April 8, 2026

Figure 2. Snow water equivalent above Seminoe Reservoir in the Snowy Range and Siera Madre mountains.

Currently, Pathfinder Reservoir, 343,194 acre-feet full, and Seminoe Reservoir, 323,363 acre-feet full, are each 32% full.

Glendo Reservoir, 349,607 acre-feet, is 71% full. Water allocations are expected for the 2026 growing season. The trigger amount for a forecasted allocation is a supply of less than 1,100,000 acre-feet.

“We have received interest from irrigation districts regarding water loans,” said George Finnegan, USBOR Wyoming Office Water Scheduler. “We have approached Wyoming Seminoe/Alcova reservoirs

(Kendrick Project), and they have agreed to work with us.”

Irrigation districts would need to notify the USBOR of their interest in a water loan, the requested water quantity, and the payment terms. The water loan cannot exceed 100,000 acre-feet. The loan request must be approved by the Casper-Alcova Irrigation District, the State of Wyoming, and the USBOR, and a NEPA review must be completed. The cost has yet to be determined, there is no carryover, and the loaned CONTINUED ON PAGE C43

Yonts Water Conference delivers low irrigation outlook

Trader’s Dispatch, May 2026 — Page C43

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water must be repaid to the Casper-Alcova Irrigation District prior to the 2027 water delivery. The potential for a call on the river by the senior water-right holders exists, and the details of the call would have to be worked out by Nebraska and Wyoming. How many days and when water deliveries will take place will be determined by the irrigation districts at a later date. Many of the producers at the meeting are also waiting on the irrigation districts’ decisions. Given the current drought, producers are hard-pressed to make agronomic decisions for their operations.

“Well, it sure looks like we’re probably in a situation where we’re not going to be allowed a lot of irrigation water,” said Doug Harimon, Scottsbluff farmer and crop adjuster.

“It is getting pretty dire. The problem is that our ground is so dry right now that getting the crop started is an issue.

Even if we have 40 to 50 days of water, we will need it just to get the crop up.”

Nebraska Extension personnel provided information on nitrogen application rates, amounts, and timing to help reduce over-application of this nutrient and avoid groundwater contamination. The conference also highlighted research on deficit irrigation for area crops to producers, should there be limited water supplies this growing season. Field specific ET for sugarbeets, corn, and dry beans for irrigation water application management can be found at: https://go.unl.edu/ o4uc. The free ACREE app is a mobile irrigation-scheduling tool that does not require soil-moisture sensors.

Representatives from the Gering-Fort Laramie Irrigation District and HDR Engineering provided an update on the replacement of Tunnel No. 2 on the Goshen/Gering-Fort Laramie Irrigation District’s main line canal. New entrances and exits for the tunnel are being constructed for the digger shield to commence tunnel replacement starting in the fall of 2026. The two affected irrigation districts have secured the funds to replace both tunnels, thanks to efforts by Nebraska and Wyoming legislative representatives and the USBOR. CONTINUED ON PAGE C44

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Yonts Water Conference delivers low irrigation outlook CONTINUED FROM PAGE C43

The USDA Risk Management Agency representatives outlined programs available to producers and answered questions about potential scenarios producers may encounter with the expected water shortage in the North Platte River valley.

Local weather forecaster Don Day provided the spring and early summer weather outlook.

A special thanks to the Goshen Irrigation District, GeringFort Laramie Irrigation District, Pathfinder Irrigation District, and Farmers Irrigation District board members and staff who helped make this conference possible.

The Yonts Water Conference was livestreamed to accommodate producers, landowners, and related agricultural entities. To view the conference recording, visit https://go.unl. edu/yonts.

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Chicken brooder design ideas for a thriving flock

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Perhaps the most common DIY brooder Radiant Heating Plates: A safer, more for small batches (under 15 chicks). A large, natural alternative. Chicks huddle underclear storage tote is cheap, easy to clean, and neath it for warmth, just as they would portable. It’s crucial to cut out a large porwith a mother hen. They are fire-safe and tion of the lid and replace it with hardware energy-efficient. cloth to ensure proper ventilation, as these Draft-Free Ventilation: Good airflow totes can otherwise get dangerously humid. is vital to prevent ammonia buildup and 6. The Convertible Brooder-to-Growrespiratory issues, but direct drafts can Out-Pen chill chicks quickly. Your design should Think ahead! Build a larger frame that allow fresh air to circulate without blowcan be partitioned. Use one section as the ing directly on the birds. A secure, mesh or heated brooder for the first few weeks. As hardware cloth lid is excellent for this. the chicks grow and no longer need suppleProper Flooring & Bedding: The floor of mental heat, you can remove the partition your brooder must be slip-proof to prevent to give them access to the entire pen. This spraddle leg, a common and serious injury is a great space-saving design for a garage in young chicks. or barn.

Start with paper towels or textured shelf 7. The Cardboard Box (For Emergencies liner for the first few days.

Only) After 3-4 days, switch to deep (2-3 In a pinch, a large cardboard appliance inches) pine shavings. They are absorbent box can work as a temporary brooder for and give chicks something to scratch in. a few days. However, cardboard absorbs Avoid cedar shavings, as their oils can be moisture quickly and becomes soiled, postoxic to chicks. ing a health risk. It also presents a significant Adequate Space: Overcrowding leads fire hazard with heat lamps. Use this only to stress, pecking, and illness. Plan for at as a short-term solution while you set up a least 0.5 square feet per chick for the first more durable brooder. few weeks and be prepared to increase it to Ready to Welcome Your Chicks?

1-2 square feet as they grow rapidly. A good The success of your flock starts with a design can be expanded or easily upgraded. well-designed brooder for chicks. Proper Access to Food and Water: Place feeders heat, ventilation, flooring, and space are and waterers where they are easy for chicks essential to keep your chicks healthy and to reach but hard to soil. Elevate them on growing. Without these, you risk illness, a small block of wood or a tile after the stunted growth, and even the loss of your first few days to keep bedding out. Choose birds. waterers designed to prevent chicks from drowning. ##### 7 Creative Chicken Brooder Design Never marry a widow unless her first Ideas husband was hanged.

– James Kelly Now for the fun part! Here are some ##### popular and effective brooder designs, Never get in a gun fight with seven men ranging from quick and temporary to more when you only have a six-shooter. permanent solutions.

– W. J. Vogel

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