Trellis - Spring Summer 2017

VOLUME 44 • ISSUE 2, 2017

THE MAGAZINE OF THE TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN

SPRING/SUMMER PROGRAM GUIDE INSIDE!

TRENDH WATC 2 01 7

IGN PLANTS, DREES! & MO

RHUBARB: GROW IT, BAKE IT, EAT IT UP! Page 16

BUILD A BUTTERFLY HAVEN IN YOUR BACKYARD Page 11

JEFF LOWENFELS DISHES THE DIRT ON SOIL Page 14

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welcome to spring and summer FROM THE TBG

HARRY JONGERDEN • Executive Director

THE PROMISE OF GLORIOUS SUMMER Forget the garden designers and writers who encourage us to take pleasure in a winter garden. I can appreciate a winter garden, but where is the joy in it? We revel in the profusion of life, not its absence. I look at a winter garden scene, close my eyes and imagine it come to life—colourful, verdant and, in our beautiful TBG setting, full of people.

Near the end of three years of planning, I look at the scene here in the park next to us, Edwards Gardens, along with our own garden, and give them a similar eyes-closed imagining of the transformation soon to begin. We’re about to experience renewal, rebirth and the realization of hopes and years of planning. At the beginning of Richard III, Shakespeare has the future king proclaim “now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer.” Such will be the transformation when our present pinched circumstances embrace their exciting future.

The master plan for a spectacular new botanical garden is going to be unveiled in June 2017. It took high-level professional reimagining of our landscape, with City support and much public input, to produce this vision. Spring is the perfect time for its “big reveal”. The people of Toronto will soon have their eyes opened to what they’ve been missing.

Inevitably, winter returns. It’s my least favourite season, but at least in the natural world, I can tolerate it. But getting back to poetry and, considered metaphorically, there’s nothing worse than gradual deterioration leading to mediocrity and death. Our organization has prepared itself to prevent that from happening. If our future brilliant botanical garden is going to survive and thrive, it will need a new source of operating funds.

We can’t expect that money to come from government, and I say that without rancour. Of course, we’d like them to help, but we all understand the pressures on the public purse, and so our response will be to seek funds from the private sector. There’s going to be an emphasis on creating an “endowment”, money to be held in perpetuity to run the new garden. Let’s get our priorities straight. I can’t promise “glorious summer” forever, but we are going to do all we can to avoid a winter of financial discontent.

Toronto Botanical Garden’s 30th annual tour of private gardens

THROUGH THE GARDEN GATE North Rosedale & Moore Park Saturday and Sunday, June 10 and 11, 2017 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.

Through the Garden Gate, one of Canada’s largest garden tours, will celebrate its 30th year by showcasing 30 of Toronto’s most beautiful private gardens.

2017 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS MORE GARDENS! NEW POP-UP “CELEBRATION STATIONS” MASTER GARDENERS IN EVERY GARDEN

- TREE & SHRUB PRUNING -INSECT & DISEASE CONTROL - PLANTING & TRANSPLANTING - TREE & STUMP REMOVAL - DEEP ROOT FERTILIZING

Derek W Welsh President

I.S.A. Certified Arborist #ON-0129A

For more information or to purchase tickets contact 416-397-1483 or visit www.torontobotanicalgarden.ca/ttgg

AUTHENTIC

TREE CARE INC. ALL PROCEEDS FROM THIS EVENT SUPPORT TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN CHARITABLE REGISTRATION BN 1192 27486 RR0001 Photo: SVP Media

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contents

NEWS

ISSUE 2, 2017 EDITOR LORRAINE FLANIGAN

DESIGN JUNE ANDERSON

TRELLIS COMMITTEE LORRAINE HUNTER (CHAIR) LORRAINE FLANIGAN (EDITOR) COLLEEN CIRILLO CAROL GARDNER MAGGIE JANIK HARRY JONGERDEN CHRISTINE LAWRANCE MARION MAGEE JENNY RHODENIZER MARK STEWART PAUL ZAMMIT CLAUDIA ZUCCATO RIA

VOLUNTEER EDITORIAL ASSISTANT M. MAGEE

HORTICULTURAL FACTCHECKERS VOLUNTEER PROOFREADERS M. BRUCE, J. CAMPBELL, L. HICKEY, M. MAGEE, J. MCCLUSKEY, M. A. MORRISON. T. SHIELDS, L. UYENO

ADVERTISING 416-397-4145

Trellis is published as a members’ magazine by the Toronto Botanical Garden at Edwards Gardens 777 Lawrence Avenue East Toronto Ontario, M3C 1P2 416-397-1340 Trellis welcomes queries for story ideas, which should be submitted to the editor for consideration by the Trellis Committee at least four months in advance of publication dates.

Opinions expressed in Trellis do not necessarily reflect those of the TBG. Submissions may be edited for style and clarity.

All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without written permission.

Charitable business number 119227486RR0001

ABOUT THE TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN The Toronto Botanical Garden connects people, plants and the natural world through education, inspiration and leadership. The TBG encourages, stimulates and teaches countless adults and children with its innovative urban-scale garden plantings, nature-centred educational programs and environmentally friendly practices. We look beyond our borders to create strategic alliances that support our mission, extend our reach and strengthen our influence within the community.

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Volunteers Pat Concessi

Green Community

Milne House celebrates

50 years!

777 Lawrence Avenue East Toronto, Ontario M3C 1P2, Canada 416-397-1340 fax: 416-397-1354 info@torontobotanicalgarden.ca torontobotanicalgarden.ca

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TBGKids Green Explorers

Farmers’ Market Friends Meet the Jurjans

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Get Social Local health experts are powered by plants

Expansion Final Master Plan arrives this spring

Canada Publications Mail Product Sales Agreement #40013928 ISSN 0380-1470 COVER PHOTO: JANET DAVIS

Printed by Harmony Printing

Cert no. SW-COC-002063

Hort Happenings Natural disinfectants, Spring plant sales and 2017 Plants of the Year

By TTC: Exit the Yonge subway line at the Eglinton station and take the 51, 54 or 54A bus to Lawrence Avenue. The TBG is on the southwest corner.

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

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Membership Matters

PHOTOS (FROM TOP); VINELAND RESEARCH CENTRE, TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN (OPPOSITE, CLOCKWISE FROM TOP): ANDREW MONTGOMERY, VERONICA SLIVA, KEN SPROULE, SVP MEDIA

C. PEER, T. VELLA

STORIES

VOLUME 44 I SSUE 2

Join us for our most floriferous annual garden party.

NEW! Expanded seating areas, culinary stations and breathtaking garden experiences.

11 Field of dreams Build a

backyard haven for butterflies

TUESDAY, MAY 30, 2017 NOON TO 2:30 P.M.

soil In conversation with

Jeff Lowenfels

Tickets $175 each* Patron Tables $4,500 (tables of 8)*

14 Health in a handful of

16 Rhubarb Grow it, Bake it,

Eat it up!

Fresh ideas for greening your home

How outdoor activities can enhance our lives

*A charitable tax receipt will be issued for the maximum allowable amount.

For more information or ticket purchase: www.torontobotanicalgarden.ca/w2w or call 416-397-1483

18 Bringing nature indoors

IN SEASON

20 The power of nature

24 Garden Gear

Seeds from Renee’s Garden

In Our Gardens

Grow a healthy garden

Good Bugs, Bad Bugs Crickets

25 Good Reads

Anna’s Plant Pick Amelanchier Serviceberry

26 Paul’s Plant Sale Picks 27 Container Crazy

Beauty is in the details Do It! Shape up for the season TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

HAPPENINGS

IN SUPPORT OF

PRESENTING SPONSOR

28 Who’s Talking

TBG Lectures

Through the Garden Gate’s 30th anniversary!

BOUQUET SPONSOR

PRINT SPONSOR

29 The Event

PETAL SPONSOR

30 Mark Your Calendar

TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN IS A REGISTERED CHARITY BN1192 27486 RR0001

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news TBGNEWS ANNOUNCEMENTS

DEVELOPMENTS

HORT HAPPENINGS

SPECIAL EVENTS

—Compiled by Mark Stewart, Weston Family Library

A NATURAL DISINFECTANT?

MARK YOUR CALENDARS FOR THESE SPRING PLANT SALES April 1 & 2 (two shows in one) Toronto Gesneriad

Society and Toronto African Violet Society April 30

Toronto Region Rhododendron and Horticultural Society

May 6

Canadian Chrysanthemum and Dahlia Society

May 7

Ontario Rock Garden and Hardy Plant Society

May 11 to 14 TBG Plant Sale May 27 & 28 Toronto Bonsai Society June 4

Ontario Iris Society (Plant Sale) & August 13

(Rhizome Auction & Sale),

Supertunia Vista Bubblegum Asclepias tuberosa

2017 PLANTS OF THE YEAR With all the recent attention being given to the plight of pollinators, it’s no surprise that the Perennial Plant Association has named Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly weed) as 2017’s Perennial Plant of the Year.

This plant is a well-known boon for many pollinators with its abundant bright orange blooms. And, for the first time, Proven Winners has also named a plant of the year: Supertunia Vista Bubblegum (‘Ustuni6001’ (Supertunia Series)—a pink hybrid petunia. Expect to see a lot of this one in annual beds and containers.

Canada Blooms (if you haven’t heard already) has chosen the ‘Canadian Shield’ (Rosa x AAC576) as its plant for 2017. This rose was produced by Ontario’s Vineland Research and Innovation Centre and is part of its 49th Parallel Collection. ‘Canadian Shield’ has been bred to be hardy across Canada as well as for black spot resistance.

Yours, Mine & Ours VOLUNTEERS

GREEN COMMUNITY

MILNE HOUSE GARDEN CLUB CELEBRATES 50 YEARS

When Pat Concessi retired, she was looking for opportunities to give back to the community and to meet new people.

As a keen gardener, the TBG was high on her list. For the past three years Pat has worked as a volunteer gardener as well as at Through the Garden Gate and Canada Blooms. She spends winters volunteering at Sunnybrook and as a Toronto Master Gardener. She’s a keen walker and has trekked the Camino de Santiago. We are delighted to have the benefit of this multi-talented individual. Thank you for all that you do for the TBG, Pat!

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

Congratulations to Milne House Garden Club on their 50th anniversary in 2017.

We acknowledge and appreciate their support of the former Civic Garden Centre, our current botanical garden and the future one. We are indeed fortunate to have such lovers of flowers, gardens and naturefocused education among us as part of the TBG family. Thank you Milne House!

—Harry Jongerden, Executive Director

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PHOTOS: (TOP LEFT) ROTARY GARDENS, WISCONSIN. (TOP RIGHT) PROVEN WINNERS OPPOSITE: TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN, TBG

Phytoncides are chemical compounds released by plants to combat microbes, fungi and insects. The word is derived from phyton “plant” + cide “killer”. Phytoncides are well known in non-English parts of the world, particularly Japan and Germany.

In the West, they are sometimes referred to as allelochemicals.

Among Western researchers, there has been a renewed interest in studying the effects of phytoncides on plants and animals, especially humans. We’re just at the beginning of investigating this rich new area of plant-human health effects. Phytoncides are released by many plants but are particularly noticeable in coniferous forests. In fact, coniferous forests are so full of phytoncides, they are markedly lower in germs. The trees literally disinfect the air around them. This is an area of study to watch for its implications for human health and possible new therapies.

GREEN EXPLORERS With summer fast approaching, children are getting ready to attend camp. The TBG has several exciting camps in the works, including the ever popular Green Explorers for kids aged 10 to 13. Campers explore TBG gardens, the adjacent Wilket Creek ravine and other local green spaces.

They also tour the Allan Gardens Conservatory downtown, and cycle the lower Don Trail.

Generous donations from horticultural clubs and societies allow children from priority neighbourhoods to attend this camp for free. The guidance, comaraderie and hands-on activities these kids experience at Green Explorers camp help them to become environmental leaders in their communities.

goTo

torontobotanicalgarden.ca/category/learn/kids/familyfun to register for this and other family-friendly events.

FARMERS’ MARKET FRIENDS MEET THE JURJANS OF TRILLIUM ORGANIC FARM

Behind a summer table piled high with vegetables, or a winter table laden with a surprising amount of fresh produce plus jams, sauerkraut and hearty soups, you’ll find a warm welcome and lots of great information. Christine and Martin Jurjans raise their veggies, berries, eggs and chickens on Trillium Organic Farm, located near Long Point on the north shore of Lake Erie. Chris is a people person who loves to chat and offer helpful tips—just ask her how to use beet greens or about the right way to attack an artichoke. And she’s a self-proclaimed chicken person, too. She gives all her “girls” a great life—free-range roaming while trying to keep them safe from hawks and coyotes. Market farming is not an easy life. Ten months of the year there’s too little sleep, what with planting, growing, harvesting and preserving, not to mention struggles with veggie-munching varmints and two-hour trips to and from markets. We are grateful to have had Chris and Martin at our market since it opened in 2011.

GET SOCIAL Follow these local health experts—they’re powered by plants!

Julie Daniluk, nutritionist, TV health expert and author.

Watch Julie on The Marilyn Denis Show or check out her latest book, Hot Detox. juliedaniluk.com @JulieDaniluk

Angela Liddon, vegan food blogger, New York Times best-selling author. Visit Angela’s award-winning website featuring more than 500 plant-based recipes. ohsheglows.com @ohsheglows TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

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Marni Wasserman, culinary nutritionist, food studio owner, author. Listen to Marni’s podcast series, The Ultimate Health or download her Habits app. marniwasserman.com @MWFoodStudio

news:expansion TBGNEWS FINAL MASTER PLAN ARRIVES THIS SPRING! xcitement continues to build at the Toronto Botanical Garden and Edwards Gardens. We are closing in on the completion of the Master Plan for our new expanded botanical garden. The City of Toronto has been steering this planning process and has kept it on track, with a completion date of June 2017, for the Master Plan and Management Study.

If you wonder why the City is steering the process, and not the TBG, we need to remember that the City owns these lands. It even owns our building. We currently operate as a botanical garden under a licence arrangement with the City. It has ultimate control and a duty to ensure that our use of these lands is a public benefit.

Fortunately, the City has accepted our arguments that Toronto needs a more significant botanical garden—one that looks like the gardens enjoyed by other cities. But it needs to discover for itself and demonstrate to the public that this landscape will support an expanded botanical garden; that the public wants it; that the public will benefit from it; and that we are a credible non-profit partner to work with in creating this new botanical garden.

All these questions are being answered in the affirmative.

Consultations with TBG and City staff, with a stakeholder advisory group and with the broader public have confirmed the opportunity to create something brilliant for the people of Toronto.

We’ve had some fun along the way, especially when we were given sheets of coloured paper by the master planning consultants, then asked to tear off strips of colour and glue them onto large-scale maps of Edwards Gardens.

What type of garden or land use do you want here? What do you want to see there? Where’s the service entrance?

What have we missed that we should absolutely be doing?

Do we want a zipline, a cable car or an on-site hotel?

(Don’t worry, none of these is happening!) But it was important to consider all the possibilities and come to an agreement on what the future botanical garden will be all about. In the end, we found ourselves agreeing on basic botanical garden principles: we’re going to create a garden that advances or focuses on education,

“

WE’RE GOING TO CREATE A GARDEN THAT ADVANCES OR FOCUSES ON EDUCATION, CONSERVATION, RESEARCH AND HORTICULTURAL DISPLAY.

”

conservation, research and horticultural display.

The Edwards Gardens landscape will be developed to facilitate this four-focus mandate.

Major design questions and issues stood out for us: • How do we control the Wilket Creek storm surges?

• How do we get people east to west and back across the ravine in a manner that is accessible to all?

• To what extent can we restore the degraded ravine and riparian habitat within Edwards Gardens? (And if we’re going to do that, why stop at Edwards Gardens?)

• How much of the new botanical garden is “garden” and how much is passive park-like turf and trees?

• And what about parking!?

It’s gratifying to see that the TBG’s preliminary plans, revealed more than two years ago, have stood up so well under intense City and public scrutiny. Our “City, Country, Wild” concept reconciled the competing tastes and interests between a botanical garden that is more natural landscape-focused and one that is more gardensfocused. We can do it all on this site!

It’s going to be very exciting for you, our members, and for the broader public to see the final version of the Master Plan, the product of months of expert and public consultation. Stay tuned for a “big reveal” or two later this spring. After that, the really exciting part begins—we get to build it!

TBG LECTURE: WELCOME TO YOUR NEW GARDEN On Wednesday, June 7, at 7:30 p.m. landscape architect Gary Smith joins Harry Jongerden to reveal the final Master Plan of our new botanical garden. Floral Hall doors open at 6:30 p.m.

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

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PHOTOS (OPPOSITE): ANGELINA ARISTODOMO PHOTOGRAPHY, SVP MEDIA, A.A.P.

E

HARRY JONGERDEN • Executive Director

membership matters GOOD NEWS

SOCIAL CALENDAR

CLAUDIA ZUCCATO RIA Director of Development

PLANT SALE PREVIEWS

Flaunt Your Fancy Frocks at Woman to Woman on May 30

A GARDEN IS, for all readers of Trellis and like-minded individuals, a heaven, a place to enjoy nature and physical activity and, at times, a place to entertain in the company of friends. But what about a place that offers an opportunity to flaunt your fancy attire in the company of more than 300 garden lovers? That fits the Toronto Botanical Garden’s annual movable feast—Woman to Woman. This year’s event (our seventh) will be held on May 30.

Over the years, this glamorous TBG event has become a must-attend spring garden party. It’s also one of the most effective all of the special events that raise funds for the TBG. Toronto’s haute horticulturalists, TBG members, celebrities and environmentalists come together to enjoy the spring blooms and the beauty of our grounds and to have a grand time in good company. Truth be told, most guests, by their own admission, also look forward to the opportunity to show off their most creative and nature-inspired hats, fascinators and fancy frocks. Indeed, the hat and fascinator fever hits our guests early in the season, prompting inquisitive calls from event goers looking for insights in chapeau styles that might catch the eye of the Hat and Fascinator Competition judges.

This year, Woman to Woman offers even more fun and experiences: more engaging silent auction items, more edible delicacies and more fun activities featuring our fabulous event partners. Join other nature-loving women to spend a few hours in our beautiful gardens in support of the TBG. We look forward to seeing you there!

Showing off your spring chapeau is part of the fun.

Heather Rolleston and Colomba Fuller

Think of flowers, a healthy breakfast and a first-inline opportunity to fill your garden with the most sustainable and pollinator-friendly plant material available in the GTA. Join us on Thursday, May 11, 2017, at 9 a.m. for the Contributing Member Breakfast event.

Contributing Members shop the TBG Plant Sale starting at 9 a.m. before doors open to TBG Members at noon.

(Psst! Enjoy this and other special events. Become an instant Contributing Member by donating $100 or more when you renew your membership. To join the program, call Sharon at 416-397-1483.)

WOMAN TO WOMAN LUNCH IN THE GARDEN

A glamorous TBG fundraising event with party frocks, fascinators, friends and fun among the flowers of the Toronto Botanical Garden. Tuesday, May 30, noon to 2:30 p.m. Tickets: $175. Patron Tables $4,500 (seats 8) available online at torontobotanicalgarden.ca/ W2W or call 416-397-1483.

TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN MEMBERSHIP PROGRAM

The Toronto Botanical Garden is deeply grateful to its loyal donors who provide continued and generous support through the membership program at all contribution levels. Their gifts enable the TBG to educate and inform the community on horticulture, gardening and environmental issues through lectures, courses and events. We thank the following individuals who contributed to the TBG through the membership program between October 1, 2016, and January 6, 2017.

BENEFACTOR Irene Gish SUSTAINING MEMBERS Jane Wright

CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS Dianne Azzarello Carol Bairstow Margaret Bennet-Alder Brian Bixley

Linda Boyko Valerie Grant Heather Jamieson Elaine Johnson Susan Lipchak Joanne Miko

Catherine Park Mary Patterson Doryne Peace Katie Pfisterer Richard J. Rawlins Aldona Satterthwaite

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

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Kathy Dembroski and Harry Jongerden

2017

GaRdeN TouRS

with MaRjoRie MaSoN

Marjorie Mason

Chelsea Flower Show Newfoundland: Flowers on the Rock Highlands of Scotland Niagara Wine & Roses For more information or to make a reservation, contact your local travel professional or call 1-888-716-5523.

For full itinerary details visit denuretours.com.

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Certified Arborist, Horticulturist & Designer Arborist Reports. Landscape Assessments

Sales Representative, ABR, SRES HALL OF FAME AWARD LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD TORONTO MASTER GARDENER RE/MAX HALLMARK REALTY LTD., BROKERAGE

Call or text Wesley:

(416)287-TREE(8733)

www.ilovegardens.ca Email: wesley@ilovegardens.ca Consulting, Design, Restoration, Planting Landscape Creations, Pruning Specialist

Contact 416.564.9450 /JoseeCoutureTorontoRealEstate

Ontario Native Plants

wildflowers Grasses Shrubs Trees

www.onplants.ca

F I E L D

O F

D R E A M S

BUILD IT AND BUTTERFLIES WILL COME Colleen Cirillo shares her passion for butterflies and explains how you can help them find a safe and healthy home in your garden.

“GARDEN AS IF YOUR LIFE DEPENDED UPON IT.” These are the words that Douglas Tallamy, University of Delaware entomology professor, inscribed in my dog-eared copy of Bringing Nature Home at his TBG lecture last October. Why would he write such a thing? Because it’s true.

In his seminal book, Tallamy documents his research on the use of native woody plants by Lepidoptera, the order of insects that includes butterflies and moths. His discoveries have inspired a paradigm shift in horticultural institutions and private gardens alike. What he found is that insect herbivores require native plants for food, that many of them are specialists—especially at the larval stage—and that non-native plants provide little or no nourishment for these insects.

PHOTO: PAUL ZAMMIT

Mourning Cloak

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

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BUTTERFLY LIFE CYCLE LARVA (CATERPILLAR) EGG

BUTTERFLY LIFE CYCLE

Butterflies undergo a complete metamorphosis with four distinct stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis) and adult. Eggs are laid on or close to the caterpillar’s host plant. This allows the caterpillar to begin eating as soon as it hatches.

Caterpillars grow and change substantially, shedding their skin several times along the way. At the end of the final stage, the skin hardens into a chrysalis.

During pupation, tissues and organs are digested and reorganized. It is a tumultuous time. The flying insect that emerges could not resemble less the worm-like one that came before, and yet it is the same individual.

ADULT

PUPA (CHRYSALIS)

BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION

Depending on your source, the number of butterfly species varies from 150,000 to 160,000 worldwide and from 11,000 to 13,000 in North America. Here in Toronto, 110 species have been recorded. Butterflies are important members of many ecological communities. Adult butterflies pollinate plants by travelling from one flower to another. As larvae, they are the primary food for young songbirds and are also consumed by numerous amphibian, reptile and mammal species. Unfortunately, many butterfly species are in decline.

Habitat degradation and loss as well as climate change are the top drivers of this trend. The widespread use of synthetic pesticides is also problematic.

The good news is that it is easy to contribute to butterfly conservation.

Gather important data through a butterfly count (ontarioinsects.org/counts.htm), protect habitat through a nature reserve system (e.g., Nature Conservancy of Canada and Ontario Nature) and create habitat right in your backyard.

TIPS FOR PROVIDING BUTTERFLIES A SAFE AND HAPPY HOME • Say “no” to drugs

The first rule of medicine is “do no harm”. This rule can be transferred easily to butterfly gardening and accomplished by forgoing synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Organic pesticides can also kill butterflies, so read labels carefully.

• Welcome the sun

Butterflies prefer to forage in open, sunny places. On cool days, they bask in sunny spots, resting on sun-warmed pavement, sand and rocks or on sun-kissed leaves. Consider how the sunshine hits your garden throughout the growing season and add safe, dry resting spots in the sunny areas.

Plants for Adult Butterflies and Caterpillars

Of the many plants that offer nectar for adults and act as hosts for hungry caterpillars, these support the greatest numbers of butterfly species. Some annual flowers and herbs are also beneficial to butterflies, including cosmos, zinnia, salvia, chives, parsley, dill, fennel and lavender.

WILDFLOWERS AND GRASSES

TREES AND SHRUBS

Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) Asters (Aster spp., Silphium spp. etc.)

Bee balm (Monarda didyma) Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) Blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) Blue vervain (Verbena hastata) Bush clover (Lespedeza spp.)

Coneflower (Echinacea spp.)

Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) Milkweed (Asclepias spp.)

Nettle (Urtica spp.)

Pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea) Spotted Joe Pye weed (Eutrochium maculatum) Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)

Birch (Betula spp.)

Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) Dogwood (Cornus spp.)

Oak (Quercus spp.)

Poplar (Populus spp.)

New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) Serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.)

Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) Willow (Salix spp.)

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

nectar plant larval host plant

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ILLUSTRATIONS: ALAN LI DRAWINGS, REBECCA NIBLETT. PHOTOS: COLLEEN CIRILLO, PAUL ZAMMIT (OPPOSITE FROM TOP LEFT): P.Z., SAM DEMERS, C.C.

Native plants, which have evolved in tandem with other regional native species (e.g., plants, animals, fungi and bacteria), are the foundation of all food webs and ecosystems. Although we often act without consideration of these ecosystems, humans are entirely dependent upon them for ecological services such as pollination of our food, flood and erosion control in our landscapes, removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and even the preservation of our psychological well-being.

Monarch larva

• Grow larval host plants

Although butterflies can move easily from one plant to another, deriving nourishment from a variety of plants, this is not the case for their larvae. As Tallamy’s research demonstrates, many caterpillars are specialists, able to gain nutrition from only a small number of plant species. Monarch larvae are the extreme specialist, consuming only milkweed. Grow some of their favourite host plants, listed in the accompanying chart.

Monarch

goTo

• Grow nectar plants

Adult butterflies are far less picky about food than their larvae. To attract the greatest diversity and number of butterflies, ensure that your garden is in bloom from early spring to late fall. Include plants with blooms of various colours and arrange similar plants together for greater colour impact.

torontobotanicalgarden.ca to learn more about courses and events on native plants and butterflies

• Discover the beauty of native plants at Lorraine Johnson’s lecture on Wednesday, April 12.

• Learn about butterfly gardening at the TBG’s Bring Home the Birds, Bees and Butterflies class on Thursday, May 11.

• Tap into your creativity at the TBG’s butterfly drawing

class on Saturday, July 8.

• Provide shelter

The migration of monarchs may lead people to believe that all butterflies head south for the winter, but this is not the case. Many species hibernate and require sheltered areas to do so.

They also require shelter to pupate and to escape wind and rain. Brush piles, shedding tree bark, clumping grass and leaf litter are perfect for this.

Hairstreak

Colleen Cirillo is Director of Education at the Toronto Botanical Garden and thinks butterflies and moths are so cool that she could study them obsessively.

TRENDH WATC 2017

GARDENING FOR THE GREATER GOOD

—Mark Cullen, best-selling author and gardening media personality.

There is a greater awareness among Canadian gardeners of the impact that our gardening activity has on the whole community. For example, the hummingbird in my garden also visits the local park and conservation area. The result is a more open approach to garden design: fewer monochromatic sweeps of colour using petunias, geraniums and the like and more focus on pollinator-friendly gardens.

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

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HEALTH IN A HANDFUL OF SOIL In conversation with soil food web guru, Jeff Lowenfels.

We derive two kinds of benefits by having a healthy soil food web. The first is the direct benefit to health we get from soil life, particularly bacteria. The other is the benefit to plants, as a healthy soil food web makes for healthy plants and that in turn benefits our health.

CAN YOU BE A BIT MORE SPECIFIC?

Sure, in the first category would be the likes of Mycobacterium vaccae, a soil bacterium that acts like Prozac. It stimulates the body’s serotonin level which has a lot to do with depression.

When you stick your hands in healthy soils, you are exposed to them, you breathe them in and they get into your bloodstream. There is some thought that this has an impact on the development of asthma and other maladies. In any case, kids who play indoors all the time don’t get exposure to them.

That is a shame. I also could point to any number of actinomycetes which are found in good compost and soils.

Many of our antibiotics come from these specialized bacteria.

The most famous is streptomycin. Actinomycetes are responsible for producing “geosmin,” the very chemical that gives compost and good soils that wonderful, fresh and very characteristic smell—now you know why.

HAVE WE EXHAUSTED THE SOIL, SO TO SPEAK, NOW THAT SO MANY SOIL-DERIVED ANTIBIOTICS ARE FACING RESISTANCE FROM PATHOGENIC BACTERIA?

This is a subject that will be getting a lot of attention in the future because of the need to find new antibiotics, some of which are produced by certain bacteria. And there is good news on the soil horizon. Until very recently, scientists could grow only about one per cent of the bacteria found in soil in the lab. Obviously, you can’t study or collect new antibiotics if you can’t find colonies of bacteria to produce them.

However, last year scientists at Northeastern University in Boston demonstrated a new way to grow many, many more soil bacteria. All of a sudden we are able to isolate and grow more than half of the bacteria found in soil, which can be

studied for use as antibiotics. Already, more than 25 new antibiotics have been discovered: one, teixobactin, is an extremely interesting new class of antibiotics. Stay tuned.

This is really a spectacular development, which will greatly increase our knowledge of bacteria in the soil and elsewhere.

Backyard soil is yielding all manner of things to help humankind. The most recent study I saw was about a newly discovered compound produced by soil bacteria called pyocyanin demethylase. It seems to prevent the formation of biofilms when grown in lab dishes. This is potentially great news for people with cystic fibrosis.

WHILE ALL THIS IS GOOD NEWS FOR HUMAN HEALTH, LET’S TALK ABOUT YOUR REAL PASSION: HOW SOIL AFFECTS PLANT LIFE.

O.K., but you can hardly shut me up on this subject.

What interests me is that the other benefit of a great soil food web is that this great soil results in healthy plants.

And healthy soils are all about soil food webs.

How does a robust soil food web result in well-fed plants? It all starts with plants, which use up to 50 per cent of their photosynthetic energy to produce a mostly carbonbased substance known as exudate that drips from their roots, attracting bacteria and fungi that need carbon. These micro-organisms, in turn, attract protozoa (like those amoebas and parameciums you studied in high school) and nematodes (microscopic worms) that eat the bacteria and fungi. The waste products of this ingestion contain nitrogen, and because this is happening in the rhizosphere — the plant root zone — the plant can take up the nitrogen directly. In addition, some of the fungi attracted by the plant exudates are known as mycorrhizal fungi which actually go out and get nutrients for the plant in return for the exudates.

It amazes gardeners to learn that about 95 per cent of all plants send out a signal that attracts these mycorrhizal fungi to the roots, helping to form mycorrhizae. The fungi obtain phosphorous, copper, zinc, nitrogen, magnesium and manganese as well as water for the plant. This is how plants survive without you or me applying fertilizers.

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PHOTO, JOI ITO/FLICKR

YOU ARE KNOWN FOR TOUTING THE BENEFITS OF A HEALTHY SOIL FOOD WEB. WHY?

classifieds

Lord of the Roots: A Soil Trilogy

Teaming with Fungi: The Organic Grower’s Guide to Mycorrhizae is just out from Timber Press.

This completes a trilogy of soil books by author Jeff Lowenfels, who has dubbed himself “Lord of the Roots”. His earlier volumes, Teaming with Microbes and Teaming with Nutrients, are also published by Timber Press. “Mycorrhizal fungi are absolutely essential to the natural health of 90 to 95 per cent of all plants,” says Lowenfels. “Not only are they part of the soil food web, but they are the reason plants were able to colonize land 400 million years ago.”

WOW, MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI SEEM PRETTY IMPORTANT.

Absolutely, but there’s more! The organisms in the soil food web protect plants from predators. Those mycorrhizal fungi, for example, contain chitin in their walls that helps prevent nematodes from successfully infiltrating root systems.

And, of course, soil bacteria produce antibiotics that keep away pathogens from plant roots.

Leaside Garden Society Plant Sale The Leaside Garden Society will be holding its annual Plant Sale at Trace Manes Community Centre (Millwood and McRae) on Saturday May 13 between 9 am and noon. The sale features perennials and annuals from a leading grower as well as perennials from the gardens of our members.

Magical Gardens of Leaside Tour The Leaside Garden Society hosts its annual Magical Gardens of Leaside Tour (rain or shine) on Saturday, June 24, 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.

Passports, which include garden addresses and a tour map, are available from the Society and several local merchants. For more information please visit us at www.leasidegardensociety.org.

Make use of vertical space in your garden with a 6-foot obelisk. Made in Toronto exclusively for the Toronto Botanical Garden, these obelisks are superb structures for showcasing and supporting vines and vegetables. Black, powder-coated steel ensures that these towers remain rust-resistant and durable for many years to come. Available throughout the year at the Garden Shop, $89

WHAT OTHER ELEMENTS ARE INVOLVED IN THE SOIL FOOD WEB?

The soil food web is responsible for soil structure, which all healthy plants need. Soil bacteria colonies produce a slime to bind them together and to the soil, and this is what makes soil stick together. Fungi weave these bits together to make soil aggregates. This is where soil structure starts! Then micro- and macro-arthropods in larvae or adult forms tunnel through the aggregates, thereby increasing soil structure.

Worms also tunnel, and as they do, they pull organic matter into the soil. All this activity allows for water infiltration and retention as well as soil aeration. The soil food web activity makes soil structure necessary for healthy plants.

WITH ALL OF THIS GOING ON, WHY DO WE ADD SYNTHETIC FERTILIZERS?

All of this is natural. When you add artificial chemicals to the system, you affect the diversity of the microbes and arthropods.

If the soil food web isn’t feeding plants properly, then the gardener needs to do it, and frankly, most of us can only guess at what plants need. The soil food web creates great soil and a perfect environment for plants to determine, and then get, what they need. The plant is in control with its exudates and it knows what it needs. It is that simple.

Jeff Lowenfels is a garden writer and former president of the Garden Writers Association. He is a leading proponent of gardening using the concepts of the soil food web.

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The connection between the kitchen and the garden is one of the things that makes my job so fascinating, says Aaron Bertelsen, author of The Great Dixter Cookbook.

Rhubarb

ALTHOUGH MOST PEOPLE think of rhubarb as a fruit, strictly speaking it is a vegetable because we eat the stalk. But whatever you want to call it, rhubarb is a great thing to grow.

It goes through a great transformation during the season, from the first spindly pale pink stems of forced rhubarb that appear in late winter and early spring and need barely a grain of added sugar, to the sturdy stalks of high summer, perfect for making jam.

People also make the mistake of thinking that rhubarb does not need

any care. This is not strictly true. As with anything, if you want perennial plants to do well and keep producing year after year, you need to give a little back. Rhubarb is a hungry plant, and a thirsty one, too. Some gardeners lift and split the plants every so often and dig in organic matter before replanting, but I am mindful of my back, and in any case think it is enough to put a thick layer of compost around the crowns in the autumn. As well as feeding and replenishing the soil, this helps protect the plants through the winter

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and encourages them to start shooting earlier. In a dry spring, water the plants well to keep the stems tender.

Rhubarb will sometimes throw up great flower spikes, which look very dramatic. Although some believe that these weaken the crowns, I don’t think there is any real need to remove them. Christopher [Lloyd] always said it was a job people liked to do because it gave an instant result, rather than because it was necessary.

He did cut the odd spike, though, to use in his flower arrangements.

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PHOTOS: ANDREW MONTGOMERY

GROW IT, BAKE IT, EAT IT UP!

RHUBARB TART SERVES 8

Spring rhubarb is wonderfully pink and tender, so you can dispense with the poaching step and put it straight into a pastry case (shell) with a little brown sugar before putting it in the oven. The sugar caramelizes to give an almost toffeelike flavour. Make it the day before so that the flavours have a chance to soak into the pastry, or eat it immediately. Either way, it goes well with cream, custard or ice-cream.

PREPARATION

15 minutes, plus chilling

COOKING

45–50 minutes

• Butter, for greasing • 1 quantity chilled Sweet Shortcrust Pastry (Basic Sweet Pie Dough) • Flour, for dusting • 1 kg/2¼ lb rhubarb, chopped into 5-cm/2-inch pieces • 2 tablespoons demerara (turbinado) sugar •120 g/4 oz (½ cup) castor (superfine) sugar, plus extra for sprinkling (optional)

As long as your rhubarb is well cared for and watered, you can carry on eating the stems into high summer, otherwise you might find that they have become rather tough. We often stop around this time anyway, as by now there is plenty of other fruit to eat and it is good to give the rhubarb a chance to replenish itself.

You can extend the rhubarb season by forcing it at the beginning in late winter so that the stems appear a few weeks earlier than they otherwise would. This really is such a treat, coming as it does

at a time of year when there is precious little else around and we are starting to crave fresh flavours. I use terracotta rhubarb forcers, made for the purpose, but a large pot or small bin will do just as well, as long as it excludes the light.

Put the covers in place as soon as you can see signs of life in the growing tips.

AARON BERTELSEN lectures at the Toronto Botanical Garden on Monday, April 3, 7:30 p.m.

Not to be missed!

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Preheat the oven to 190°C/375°F/ Gas Mark 5, placing an oven rack in the lower part of it. Butter a 25-cm/10-inch loose-bottom tart pan. Roll out the pastry (dough) thinly on a lightly floured work surface and use to line the prepared pan.

If using spring rhubarb, arrange it in the pastry case (shell) and sprinkle with the demerara (turbinado) sugar. If not using spring rhubarb, put the castor (superfine) sugar and 200 mL/7 fl oz (¾ cup) water into a pan and stir together over medium heat until the sugar dissolves. Bring to a gentle boil, then add the chopped rhubarb and simmer for 1 minute – you don’t want it to lose its shape.

Drain the rhubarb, then arrange inside the pastry case.

Place the filled case on a baking sheet and bake on a low oven rack for 40 minutes. Take the tart out of the oven and carefully slip off the outer ring, leaving the tart sitting on the base. Return to the oven on the baking sheet for another 5–10 minutes so that the sides get really crisp.

Slide the tart onto a plate and sprinkle with castor sugar, if desired. Let cool to room temperature before serving.

From The Great Dixter Cookbook: Recipes from an English Garden by Aaron Bertelsen, published by Phaidon 2016.

Kokedama

BRINGING NATURE INDOORS

T

hough most of us already know that spending time in nature is calming, there are many studies that conclude exposure to nature not only contributes positively to our mental state but also to physical well-being by reducing blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tension and the production of stress hormones.

This concept has not been lost on the design industry. Pantone Inc., a company known for its colour matching system, has declared a hue called Greenery its 2017 colour of the year. According to Pantone vice-president Laurie Pressman, this fresh lime-green colour was chosen because “there’s a growing desire to reconnect with nature and what is real, and find ways to disconnect from technology. We need a break. We need to stop and breathe.”

For those living in urban areas, especially condominium and apartment dwellers, it can be

challenging to find soothing natural environments. So let’s take a look at some of the ways we can bring that greenery indoors.

The air cleaners

Virtually all plants are air cleaners.

Carbon dioxide enters the leaves and through complex chemical reactions (photosynthesis), the plant acts as a filter by removing pollutants and replacing the air with oxygen in a purer form. In the 1980s the findings of a two-year study by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) concluded that plants provide a natural, cost-effective way to clean indoor air.

For example, in a 24-hour period, a spider plant can remove 80 per cent of formaldehyde pollutants from an enclosed room. Most of these plants evolved in tropical forests where they receive only filtered light through the taller trees. Having adapted to lower

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light conditions, they are perfectly suited to the light conditions in our homes. The list includes: Chinese evergreen (Aglaonema modestum), bamboo palm (Chamaedorea seifrizii), spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum), dracaena, golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum), English ivy (Hedera helix), heart-leaf philodendron (Philodendron scandens), snake plant (Sansevieria) and peace lily (Spathiphyllum).

No soil required

Exotic-looking air plants (Tillandsia spp.) are super easy to look after and adapt to a wide range of conditions.

In the wild they grow suspended in the air by attaching themselves to trees or rocks and absorbing moisture and nutrients through their leaves. At home you can glue them to almost anything or simply arrange them in a dish. Bright light, good air circulation and a good soak once a week keeps them happy.

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PHOTOS (THIS (FROM LEFT): PETER GRIMA/FLICKR, VERONICA SLIVA PHOTOS: PAGE FROM TOP): MACINATE/FLICKR, STACEY SPENCER, FLICKR (OPPOSITE FROM TOP): GRINTREE/FLICKR, LORRAINE FLANIGAN (OPPOSITE): KARLO SKARMATTSSON/FLICKR, CHRISTOPHER PAQUETTE/FLICKR, ELLNB/FLICKR

From air plants and air cleaners to string gardens and terrariums, Veronica Sliva offers fresh ideas for greening your home.

Find more inspiration and information

String gardens

If you are crafty you can transform houseplants into pieces of living art called kokedama. Loosely translated from the Japanese, “koke” means moss and “dama” means ball. The plant’s root systems are surrounded in a mud ball, wrapped in sphagnum moss and then bound with string. You can hang kokedama from the ceiling or sit it in a flat dish as a table centre.

Air plants hgtv.ca/decorating/article/how-to-care-for-air-plants Dish gardens pinterest.com/explore/dish-garden Kokedama pinterest.com/explore/kokedama Larry Hodgson’s green wall The Laidback Gardener laidbackgardener. wordpress.com/tag/green-wall-with-cork-bark Terrariums Terrarium Craft by Amy Bryant Aiello and Kate Bryant; or pinterest.com/explore/terrarium

Terrariums

For urban dwellers, miniature gardens under glass are a low-maintenance way to add a little greenery to indoor spaces. When plants are grown under glass, the moisture from both the soil and plants evaporates inside the terrarium and falls back to the soil below. Watering is rarely required.

Dish gardens

Cacti and succulents have small root systems, making them good candidates for shallow gardens. Because these plants originate in hot, dry climates they don’t need much water and can tolerate the dry air inside most homes. Place these undemanding plants close to a sunny window and they will be happy. They’re seldom bothered by pests or diseases.

Indoor edibles

Just because you don’t have an outdoor space does not mean you can’t grow a few herbs. True, lavender, thyme, rosemary and sage grow best outdoors and in full sun, but there are herbs that do quite well indoors if you have a sunny south- or west-facing windowsill. Try leafy herbs like parsley, chives, mint, basil or cilantro. You can buy small plants at most grocery stores or why not start them from seed? A packet of seed is inexpensive. If you seed every two or three weeks you will

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Dish gardens

always have a fresh supply. Eventually, the plants may get leggy, but snipping regularly to add to your recipes will encourage new, more compact growth.

Then there are micro-greens. These are the tiny, flavourful greens that you may have enjoyed garnishing your dinner or salads in fashionable restaurants. They are the baby greens of vegetables and herbs. Grown in shallow containers in a small amount of soil, most micro-greens are ready to harvest in 10 to 14 days. To harvest, all you have to do is snip them at soil level. You can plant single varieties such as peas or beetroot or look for specialty blends of different types such as those offered by Vesey’s.

spaces. In Toronto you can visit the University of Guelph’s Toronto Humber North campus which features a four-storey green wall or the lobby of the Robertson Building in downtown Toronto with its 250-squarefoot plant wall. But what about creating one in your own home? Larry Hodgson, a Quebec City author of dozens of gardening books, did just that. He installed an amazing plant wall in his bathroom 12 years ago and it is still beautiful today. For most of us, projects of this size are not feasible, but we can all enjoy something more modest by creating a planted frame to grace a wall.

Green or living walls

Veronica Sliva is a garden journalist whose articles have appeared in many newspapers, magazines and online.

Green walls are more and more common these days in commercial

THE ART OF GARDENING

—Gayla Trail, yougrowgirl.com, author/photographer of four books and the forthcoming Grow Curious.

As an artist who uses fabric and thread as my medium, it makes sense to meld gardening with art-making.

There is a wide world of plants available that can be used as natural dyes, and there may be several in your garden right now. Goldenrod, coreopsis, marigold, acorns, pansies, maple leaves, elderberries and calendula are just some of the materials commonly found in Toronto gardens that will colour animal or cotton fibres.

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NATURE Lorraine Hunter explores outdoor activities and how they can enhance our lives.

WALKERS, JOGGERS, TAI CHI ENTHUSIASTS: we see them all on our weekly walks in and around Wilket Creek and the Sunnybrook trails and parks. I’ve been part of a walking group that’s been meeting every Wednesday for more than a decade. I started the group because my doctor told me to get out and walk, and I knew the best way to make sure I did so was to meet up with other people. Since I started walking, I’ve lost weight, stabilized my blood sugar levels and brought my blood pressure way down.

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“The fresh air energizes me,” says Maureen Donnan, a member of the Wednesday walks. “Anyone can do it and it costs nothing,” sums up TBG receptionist Britt Silverthorne. Both have been walking with me right from the beginning.

There have been numerous studies showing that connecting with nature can help improve energy, boost overall well-being and even lift depression.

There are many ways to bring nature into your life. I polled several friends, family members and colleagues to

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PHOTOS (FROM TOP): NICHOLAS ASSIMAKOPOULOS, SHIRLEY HARTT

THE POWEROF

discover the health benefits they glean from various activities that connect them with nature.

DIGGING GARDENING

Foremost with me and many of my friends is gardening, which offers physical and mental breaks from the pressures of everyday life. Just sitting in my garden, looking up through the trees to a clear blue sky, calms me.

Garden designing provides a creative outlet. The challenge of planning borders that change with the seasons keeps my brain active and gives me pleasure. Planting and maintaining increases my flexibility and strength, while digging, trimming and weeding help burn calories while I’m bending and squatting. And, when I grow herbs and vegetables I have the satisfaction of providing fresh produce for myself and others.

RUNNING THROUGH THE SEASONS

PHOTOS: SVP MEDIA, PAUL FORTE

Marathoner Sue Winton embraces nature through running and jogging. She often runs along the boardwalk or in the ravines near her home in the Beach. “I like to see the sun rise in the morning and enjoy noting the markers of the seasons, watching how things change.

Are new leaves appearing? Are they changing colour? Have they dropped?” says this York University professor.

Running can be a welcome break after sitting and reading or writing for several hours. “I will often organize my thoughts and work out problems while running.”

It can also be social, “a way for my husband and me to spend time together.

Or, to engage with friends who also run.”

Running also provides Sue with a challenge, giving her a sense of accomplishment. She completed the 2016 Boston Marathon and has done full and half marathons in Toronto, including

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through Edwards Gardens and the ravine system.

“It’s the only thing in my life that I have control over. I can set a goal and know I can achieve it.

“Running is easy, fast and you can do it anywhere. It’s become an essential part of my life.”

Doing yoga or meditating outside is automatically calming for the nervous system. While doing Mountain Pose in yoga, which is actually standing, we are connecting to the earth.”

Yoga, says Janet, helps you “develop the ability to move spontaneously and practise gentle contemplation.”

CAPTURING THE ELEMENTS OF NATURE THROUGH YOGA

THE WONDERS OF NATURE PHOTOGRAPHY

Almost at the opposite end of outdoor activities is yoga. “We crave to be in nature,” says Janet Croken who has taught yoga at the TBG, both indoors and out, for the past ten years.

The Sanskrit word for yoga means to integrate, bringing the body and mind together. It’s based on three main activities: exercise, breathing and meditation with the goal of reducing stress. Yoga began in India more than 5,000 years ago and was mainly practised outside. “The poses in Sanskrit are named for what people saw—cat, dog or pigeon,” says Janet.

“When we do yoga inside we try to capture the elements of nature. We use a beeswax candle in the centre and try to visualize scenes from outside.

Theresa Forte loves going out by herself, camera in hand, with nothing in mind, but “to find tons of things I didn’t know I was looking for.” This Niagara Falls-based gardening consultant and columnist finds her sojourns into nature a form of relaxation.

“We don’t always take time to look at what’s around us but the camera makes you slow down,” she says. “It can help you develop a sense of wonder. There is always something wonderful to see and photograph. I like to find something super-ordinary that is looking really good,” such as a single barberry branch against a fence with the light shining through at an unusual angle.

Theresa recently gave a lecture called “More Than Just a Garden” to a

REVOLUTIONARY RAISED BEDS

—Tara Nolan, co-founder of savvygardening.com and author of Raised Bed Revolution.

One trend I think we’ll continue to see—and I know I’m slightly biased—is the building or repurposing of items to make raised beds. Raised beds help make gardening accessible, whether it’s for someone with a small balcony and space constraints, a green thumb with mobility issues, a homeowner battling poor soil or a new gardener trying to grow their first crops. Sign up for Tara’s Raised Bed Workshop, Wednesday May 3.

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EVERYTHING YOU NEED FOR PERFECT PLANTERS, POTS AND GARDENS INDOORS OR OUT! For Walter, bird watching is an “excuse to go out when I know different birds will be migrating. Cold, damp, wet weather never stops me. It feels so good, so relaxing. Birds are a part of nature that really intrigues me,” says the West Hill reinsurance executive.

Some of Walter’s most spectacular sightings have been a Kentucky warbler in Costa Rica and a yellow-breasted chat at Point Pelee. He has also seen about 90 species in his own backyard where “Veronica plants to attract nature, we use natural fertilizers and minimum insecticides.”

“Bird watching teaches you to be patient and to listen,” he says. Sometimes just ten feet off a trail you can see unusual birds. Birds are most active at sunrise and sunset and the best time to see them is for about two hours after dawn. “I am not a morning person,” says Walter, “so for me to get up at 4 or 5 a.m. to go birding—you know I love it!”

AWARENESS EN PLEIN AIR

Well known for her Toronto Star gardening columns, Sonia Day is also an accomplished artist who enjoys painting in the open air. “Sitting outside, chatting with people going by, it’s wonderful,” says Sonia.

“I have done it many times—in my garden near Fergus, and in Mexico. You really notice the light and how it moves and changes through the day. You are aware of the birds, plants, all kinds of things you might not otherwise notice.

“A lot of the masters, like Monet, painted outside. I recommend it for anyone interested in doing art whether it’s sculpture or painting.”

LISTEN TO THE BIRDS

Birds have played a big part in Walter Sliva’s life. As a boy in Elora, Ontario, he would sneak out at night and head for the Elora Gorge Park where he could see something moving in the trees above. As he got older he began to focus on “the wonderful, unpredictable little guys.”

On one of their first dates he took his wife, garden writer Veronica Sliva, on a “fabulous” birding trip to Ecuador.

These are only a few of the many ways people I know enjoy nature. I hope this article may inspire you to go out and experience the great outdoors.

Lorraine Hunter is a Toronto freelance writer/editor who strives to take at least 10,000 steps a day, weather permitting.

CONNECTING KIDS WITH NATURE In her Botanical Buzz blog, Lorraine Hunter writes about how outdoor activities can engage and enhance the lives of children.

goTo

torontobotanicalgarden.ca/blog to read all about it.

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PHOTOS: VERONICA SLIVA, RICK MATSUMOTO

bereavement group, all about “going out and finding things to help develop a sense of well-being”, in which she stressed that “you don’t have to be a gardener or a photographer to enjoy nature.”

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3012 Kennedy Rd. Scarborough, ON

416-291-1270 www.valleyviewgardens.com sales@valleyviewgardens.com

Toronto Botanical Garden Plant Sale Choose from carefully selected perennials, annuals, natives, herbs and vegetables, succulents, shrubs, vines, and small trees. Friendly gardening advice from the Toronto Master Gardeners.

BACK BY POPULAR DEMAND Stefan Weber of St. Williams Nursery and Ecology Centre will be on hand with offerings of uncommon specimens and high impact native plants.

TBG MEMBERS PREVIEW DAY Thursday, May 11, noon to 8 p.m.

OPEN TO THE PUBLIC Friday, May 12, 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.

Saturday and Sunday, May 13 & 14, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Members enjoy a 10 per cent discount. Please present your card.

ALL PROCEEDS SUPPORT THE TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN

Don’t forget to Plant for Pollinators

TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

EDWARDS SUMMER MUSIC SERIES

May 4, 2017, 6 p.m.

MISSION Toronto Botanical Garden connects people to plants, inspiring us to live in harmony with nature.

VISION Toronto Botanical Garden will be renowned for its display of nature’s beauty and as a dynamic hub for plant-centred learning, conservation and research.

AGENDA 1. Call to Order: Vaughn Miller 2. Minutes of the 2016 AGM: Margaret Chasins 3. President’s Report: Vaughn Miller 4. Presentation of 2016 Financial Statements: Barbara Yager 5. Appointment of Auditors for 2017: Barbara Yager 6. Executive Director’s Report: Harry Jongerden and Staff 7. Thank You to Departing Board Members: Vaughn Miller 8. Presentation of Slate and Election of Directors: Vaughn Miller 9. Termination of Meeting

THURSDAYS STARTING AT 7 P.M. JUNE 29 THROUGH AUGUST 31, 2017 Enjoy 10 FREE concerts by an eclectic roster of popular artists, set outdoors in the natural beauty of the gardens, rain or shine (indoors in case of extreme weather). Some seating available or bring your own chair.

FREE ADMISSION General seating Come early to enjoy a barbeque dinner on the Garden Café’s licenced patio which overlooks the concert venue.

Toronto Botanical Garden 777 Lawrence Avenue East Toronto M3C 1P2 torontobotanicalgarden.ca

Intermission 7:30 p.m.

TBG Lecture: Elevated Eats Frank Ferragine aka Frankie Flowers

GENEROUSLY SPONSORED BY THE EDWARDS CHARITABLE FOUNDATION Photos courtesy of SVP Media

TBG_AGM_2017_Trellis_ad_AW.indd 1

2017-02-16 5:15 PM

in season HERBS, VEGGIES AND FLOWERS FROM RENEE’S GARDEN Planting, watering, caring, harvesting—growing your own fresh herbs, vegetables and flowers cultivates more than plants—it cultivates good health and well-being.

Renee’s Garden offers a wide selection of quality seeds to create a feast for your eyes, your stomach and your soul! In stock at the TBG Garden Shop now—shop early for best selection! From $3.99 to $9.99.

IN OUR

Gardens

GROW A HEALTHY GARDEN This season, the Grown at Home Garden will focus on classic, practical plants that provide a substantial harvest and promote a healthy, wellbalanced diet based on a good serving of vegetables. It’s a win-win activity with many advantages. Vegetable gardening gets you outdoors for fresh air and exercise, you get your hands into the soil with its invaluable micro-organisms and you promote the grow-your-own and local food movements.

Best of all, you harvest your own vegetables for home cooking. It doesn’t get any better!

—Sandra Pella, Head Gardener

GOOD BUGS, BAD BUGS (Jiminy) Crickets!

Bug Lady Jean Godawa sings the praises of these beneficial insects that clean up the garden, provide a source of dietary protein and even predict the weather.

Black-horned cricket

OF ALL THE INSECTS, the cricket (Gryllidae) is one of the more common found in folklore and popular culture.

Charles Dickens introduced a hearthdwelling cricket as a symbol of good fortune and Walt Disney cast a cricket as the conscience of Pinocchio. In parts of Asia, intricate cages house crickets that bring music and luck to the household.

The male cricket uses its musical talent to attract a female for mating. He makes the melodious chirp by stridulation— one wing contains a scraper which rubs against a file (a series of teeth or ridges) located on the other wing.

Crickets have large hind legs for jumping and tend to have long antennae and flattened bodies. The common house and field crickets (Gryllinae) vary in colour from yellowbrown to black and live in fields, lawns, forests and roadsides. Equally common tree crickets (Oecanthinae) are typically pale green with slender bodies and live in trees, shrubs and tall grasses. Crickets feed on live and

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decaying plant matter, but are rarely considered garden pests. They can even be helpful by eating insect eggs and small pest insects.

Besides being food for birds, lizards and other small animals, crickets are gaining popularity in Western culinary circles. Eating insects (entomophagy) is common in areas where economic and environmental conditions make other protein sources difficult to acquire.

The Food and Agriculture Organization acknowledges that the high levels of protein, prebiotic fibre and other nutrients in crickets can be helpful in combating worldwide food insecurity.

If you cannot imagine eating Sriracha-roasted or chocolate-dipped crickets, then try mixing cricket protein powder with regular flour into your baking. If you’re not quite ready to add crickets to your diet, you can still depend on them to help. The number of chirps of the snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus fultoni) in a thirteensecond interval, plus forty, gives the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.

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PHOTO: KEN SPROULE OPPOSITE (TOP RIGHT): DEB NYSTROM/FLICKR

Garden Gear

GOOD READS

—Reviewed by Mark Stewart, Weston Family Library GARDEN FLORA: THE NATURAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE PLANTS IN YOUR GARDEN

by Noel Kingsbury, Timber Press 2016, $40 hardcover

It’s easy to forget that the common garden plants we take for granted evolved in myriad environments around the world. This fascinating book lays out their origins—and it’s full of surprising revelations. Richly illustrated with contemporary photographs and historical botanical illustrations, there are images on nearly every page. Most of the book is divided into sections on specific plants, which makes it easy to use as a reference. All in all, it’s well researched, gorgeous to look at and straightforward in its delivery.

I found it very easy to get lost in its pages.

Anna’s Plant Pick

THE HIDDEN LIFE OF TREES

by Peter Wohlleben, Greystone Books 2016, $29.95 hardcover Plant intelligence continues to be a contentious topic within scientific discourse. Many contend the term is an inherent contradiction since plants lack nervous systems. Others are willing to entertain the likelihood that there are forms of sentience that do not require brains. Peter Wohlleben is certainly among the latter. With the voice of a storyteller he weaves years of forest observation with contemporary research into plant intelligence and communication. His book seeks to change the paradigm of how we look at the forest. He points to research that suggests trees have senses and that they are able to communicate and nurture each other. This book is an easy read that will make you think about trees and forests in a whole new light.

100 PLANTS TO FEED THE BEES: PROVIDE A HEALTHY HABITAT TO HELP POLLINATORS THRIVE

by the Xerces Society, Storey Publishing 2016, $24.95 paperback In January 2017, the rusty patched bumblebee (Bombus affinis) became the first species of bee to be listed as endangered in the continental United States. With pollinators in decline, the Xerces Society has produced this compact guide to help you choose garden plants that will make a difference. Each plant has a two-page spread showing its distribution, growing requirements, recommended varieties and a list of notable pollinators it attracts. Despite the title, it covers much more than bees, providing information on butterflies, moths, hummingbirds and even the occasional beetle and wasp. The only drawback is that it lacks an index that would allow you to look up plants by their pollinators. All in all, it’s a great little book that could easily accompany you to the garden centre this spring.

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

Amelanchier Serviceberry SERVICEBERRY MAKES an ideal small tree or shrub for compact gardens, or as a grove in a larger property. These multi-stemmed deciduous shrubs or trees grow as low as 0.5 metres or up to 8 and sometimes 15 metres in height.

They have many names: amelanchier, shadbush, shadwood or shadblow, serviceberry, sarvisberry, juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum or wild-plum and chuckley pear.

Differing names often indicate edibility or herbal use.

The Amelanchier genus belongs to the rose family, having perhaps 20 species, mostly in North America.

Three occur in Asia and Europe. (They are difficult to classify, complicated by frequent hybridization.)

They offer all-season interest. Clusters of five-petalled white flowers appear just before the leaves in the early spring, making the tree a stand-out. The elliptical leaves, which vary in shape by species, have a bronze tinge at first, and then soon become mid-green. The fall colour is a good red, sometimes with pinkish notes.

The smooth grey bark adds interest all winter long.

Berries (scientifically classified as pomes) appear plentifully, ripening to red and then purple towards the end of June. Most species, especially some hybrids, are excellent to eat fresh, or in jam or pies.

They taste a bit like blueberries. Native Americans combined the fruit with dried meat and fat to make pemmican. But watch out—birds often gobble down the fruit when your back is turned.

Amelanchier is great for wildlife. Bees collect the pollen, deer and rabbits browse on the young twigs and the larvae of many butterflies (including the White Admiral) eat the leaves. As well, birds, chipmunks and raccoons love the fruit. Unfortunately, minor problems may occur as many diseases that attack apples (such as rust or leaf blight) may also plague Amelanchier.

Grow your shrub or tree in part shade (with about four hours of sun) to full sun in average, well-drained soil, ideally pH 5.5 to 7. However, Amelanchier is tolerant of a wide range of soils and, depending on the species, is hardy in Zones 2 to 4.

Plant them against a shady or dark background and enjoy these natives all year long.

—Anna Leggatt is a Master Gardener, Emeritus

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in season plant it!

Paul’s

Plant Sale Picks

RECOGNIZED BY TORONTO STAR REAL DIRT COLUMNIST SONIA DAY as the Best Gardening Event in 2016, once again the TBG Plant Sale offers a carefully chosen selection of annuals, succulents, perennials, small trees and shrubs, vegetables, herbs and native plants. The horticulture and retail team, our dedicated volunteers and the Toronto Master Gardeners look forward to sharing our 2017 offerings at the sale, from May 11 to14. Here are a few teasers.

The results are in: plant trial after plant trial has shown Phenomenal lavender to be reliably winter hardy, even out-performing traditional favourites such as ‘Hidcote’ and ‘Munstead’. This recent introduction is deer proof, tolerant of heat and humidity and produces abundant stems of fragrant blossoms suitable for fresh and dried arrangements. The flowers are edible and suitable for making oils. Be sure to leave some blooms in the garden as they are much loved by pollinators. It’s Phenomenal!

‘Immortality’ tall bearded iris (Iris ‘Immortality’)

This is one of the most asked-about perennials we grow in the TBG gardens, especially when visitors see it flowering for a second time in October or November.

In some years, plants bloom well into late fall until frost. We are pleased to be able to offer a limited number of divisions from the gardens of this often hard to find perennial.

Cucamelon (Melothria scabra)

This native of Mexico and Central America sold out on the first day of last year’s sale, so we have arranged to grow even more of this yummy edible this year. Cucamelon (also known as mouse melon and Mexican sour gherkin) produces plenty of fruit the size of a grape. Sure to be a great conversation starter at your summer dinner event, the fruit has a refreshing taste of cucumber followed by a hint of lemon. Go ahead, try growing something a little different that’s fun and tasty for both adults and young gardeners, too. Suitable for growing in the ground or in containers.

TRENDH WATC 2 01 7

‘Brazilian Purple’ tropical sage (Salvia splendens ‘Brazilian Purple’)

Offered for the first time at the 2016 TBG sale, we were most excited to plant a few out in the TBG gardens.

WOW! Plants grew to an impressive 1.2 to 1.5 metres in height and produced masses of spikes of rich purple blossoms. Along with its beauty, the flowers proved to be irresistible to visiting hummingbirds. Some mornings saw up to five—yes five—individual hummingbirds feeding at one time on the salvias growing in the Arrival Courtyard.

GROW YOUR OWN —Niki Jabbour, author of The Year-Round Vegetable Gardener and co-founder of savvygardening.com.

Gardeners are now looking for new crops to grow, including global and unusual selections.

My large vegetable garden showcases easy-to-grow unique crops like quinoa, amaranth, cucamelons, zaatar, Indian cucumbers, Asian greens and even rice! As gardeners demand increased selection and variety, seed companies have responded by carrying more global crops.

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

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PHOTOS: (CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT) VALLEYBROOK GARDENS, PAUL ZAMMIT, P.Z., P.Z.

Phenomenal lavender (Lavandula x intermedia ‘Niko’)

Do It! container

crazy BEAUTY IS IN THE DETAILS

Small personal touches add elements of surprise in this spring arrangement, says Paul Zammit.

SHAPE UP FOR THE GARDENING SEASON Last summer, I learned a hard lesson.

The repetitive actions of propagating more than 500 plants on my hillside property wreaked havoc on my hips, knees and legs.

This year, I’m taking the advice of garden and movement expert Miriam Goldberger of Wildflower Farm, who explains we need garden-complementary physical routines that we practise all year long. At every age, we need to nurture our muscles and joints with the same mindful care we give our plants. Here are her tips.

AWARENESS Become your own coach.

Imagine watching a video of yourself in action. Observe the specific moves you use to trim, weed, mulch, sweep and carry.

Notice your back when you reach into the border and your knees when you plant a shrub. See if you relate these stresses and strains to stiffness and soreness in the joints and muscles.

PHOTOS: PAUL ZAMMIT, S.BENET/FLICKR.

Native Plants

Back by popular demand, we are pleased to welcome Stefan Weber of St. Williams Nursery and Ecological Centre to the plant sale on Friday and Saturday. Stefan will bring along a carefully curated selection of native plants.

Golden Alexanders or golden zizia (Zizia aurea) is a musthave. A native to eastern Canada, Golden Alexanders will grow up to 1 metre tall in full sun to part shade.

Eye-catching yellow flowers that are a favourite of butterflies appear in May and June and sometimes again in the fall. If you dare, the flowers are also suitable for cutting. Attractive seed heads follow the blooms.

In fall, both the foliage and the seed heads turn a burgundy colour. This is a special native we hope you will consider adding to your home garden.

NOTE: Despite the most careful and best of plans, we have no control over Mother Nature. We are at the mercy of the weather and cannot guarantee that all of these selections will be ready for the Plant Sale.

RESEARCH Learn how to build strength in the vulnerable parts of your body. Classes, books and health websites are excellent sources of knowledge. Investigate the benefits of yoga, dance, swimming, Aquafit, Pilates or walking. Miriam recommends restorative yoga; it expands body awareness and calms the entire nervous system. Consult a physician or physiotherapist if you have extreme or chronic pain.

PLAN OF ACTION Join a fun class

Nestled into a beautiful faux bois planter are seasonal favourites such as miniature daffodils (Narcissus ‘Tête-à-Tête’), grape hyacinths (Muscari), a perennial primrose (Primula vulgaris) and spring heather (Erica). Add a young potted plant of native Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) as well as a cut branch of alder (Alnus), with its trailing catkins, to provide additional height and drama to this arrangement. A bunny nestled beneath the lower branches of the hemlock provides a personal touch and adds a little element of surprise.

It’s all in the details!

All this plant material, except the alder branch, can be planted out into the garden when it is time to change the seasonal container arrangement.

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known to increase stamina and improve flexibility, for example, Zumba, Tai Chi, or Ba Gua (internal martial art). When you can’t practise with a group, do your routine to a CD or video.

Once the season begins, gradually reintroduce yourself to the garden. Try not to injure yourself by overdoing it. Gentle moves are best. Find time to keep up your exercise program. Remember, you can leave the flowers and shrubs a few times a week in order to nurture your body.

—Georgie Kennedy is a Toronto Master Gardener

WHERE TO GET FIT AND STAY FIT • City of Toronto fitness classes: bit.ly/10WXNu4 • Eight Branches (martial arts and exercise) eightbranches.ca • Find Miriam Goldberger at What Dance Can Do: www.facebook.com/What-Dance-Can-Do- 554217111370115 • Public physiotherapy clinics: health.gov.on.ca/ en/public/programs/physio/pub_clinics.aspx

happenings WHO’S TALKING

2 Big Questions

We asked our two lecturers to respond to two big questions about their plant-focused lives and what they hope you’ll take away from their respective lectures. Here’s what they said.

What led you to a life and career focused on plants and gardens?

Frank

Lorraine

As “Frankie Flowers” Frank Ferragine is the gardening expert and weather specialist for BT Toronto, CityLine and CityNews.

Past president of the North American Native Plant Society, Lorraine Johnson is a long-time advocate for community gardening and protection of the urban forest.

Elevated Eats Thursday, May 4, 2017, 7:30 p.m.

Connecting the Diversity Dots: Gardening with Native Plants* Wednesday, April 12, 2017, 7:30 p.m.

Lorraine Johnson explores the beauty and benefits of native plants and the pleasures of low-maintenance gardens that attract birds, bees and butterflies.

Lorraine’s updated book, 100 Easy-to-Grow Native Plants for Canadian Gardens will be available for purchase and signing.

FERRAGINE

JOHNSON

Elevated Eats is a rooftop urban farm growing vegetables, herbs and fruits established by Frank in 2016. In his presentation, he will demonstrate how growing food on rooftops is cultivating healthier communities, and how homeowners can grow their own rooftop garden.

All it takes is a bag of soil, a milk crate and a recycling bin.

Pre-lecture light dinner available from 5:30 p.m.

Floral Hall doors open at 6:30 p.m. TBG members FREE. Members bring a friend for $10.

Public $15, students (with valid ID) $12.

*This lecture and book-signing event is brought to you by TBG and the North American Native Plant Society.

FRANK My life has always revolved around plants. My first childhood home was attached to a greenhouse. I live and grew up in Bradford, Ontario, the heart of Canada’s vegetable-growing industry. My father grows plants, my aunts grow plants, my cousins grow plants. We are a family deeply rooted in horticulture.

LORRAINE I came to my love of gardening via a circuitous route—I wanted to learn from nature and help nurture healing practices in relation to the earth, and the garden seemed to be a powerful place to do this important work. I started to explore organic gardening, composting, ecological restoration, habitat creation and urban agriculture—and quickly got hooked! I see gardening as a conversation with the planet— a very lively and engaging conversation.

What would you like people to take away from your talk?

FRANK I hope to inspire and motivate people to grow some of their own food. It could be a pot of herbs on a balcony, a fruit tree, or a large vegetable garden—the options are endless.

Food connects us all to the earth and to each other and growing our own food puts us on a path to a sustainable, healthy and happy life.

LORRAINE I hope people will leave my presentation feeling inspired by the beauty and variety of native plants and empowered by the knowledge that we can all have a positive impact on the planet through gardening.

MORE TBG LECTURES THE ENGLISH KITCHEN GARDEN AT GREAT DIXTER Monday, April 3, 7:30 p.m.

AARON BERTELSEN Aaron has been the vegetable gardener and cook at Great Dixter since 2007. Aaron’s book, The Great Dixter Cookbook, which celebrates the connection between garden and kitchen, will be available for purchase and signing.

WELCOME TO YOUR NEW GARDEN Wednesday, June 7, 7:30 p.m.

HARRY JONGERDEN AND GARY SMITH Renowned landscape architect, Gary Smith, and the TBG’s Executive Director, Harry Jongerden, will unveil the exciting results of our garden’s master planning process.

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

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the event THROUGH THE GARDEN GATE’S 30TH ANNIVERSARY! TTGG TRIVIA CHALLENGE! Test your knowledge of Through the Garden Gate tours over the past 30 years.

How many gardens have been scouted for TTGG? More than: a) 1,210 b) 500 c) 700 Of those scouted, how many have been showcased? a) 544 b) 300 c) 842

PHOTO: SVP MEDIA

gardens, water gardens, conifer gardens, roof gardens and gardens designed to accommodate family dogs.

There’s plenty of hardscaping to inspire as well: driveways incorporating grass patterns, dramatic statuary, stone “carpets”, ponds and waterfalls and clever garden lighting.

Let’s not forget the glamour effect, either. Gardens are not made up of worms and hard work alone. You’ll see a tropical retreat complete with outdoor room positioned around a pool that is lit up at night to resemble a Caribbean resort, a dramatic infinity pool and plenty of whimsical elements that will give you a little peek into the soul of the gardener.

This year we’ll make it easier to select the gardens you most want to see by inserting a legend after the garden description in the brochure, so that you’ll know what kind of garden it is and what features it contains.

Let’s not forget about plants. There’s a variety this year that will knock your socks off, both in the ground and in colourful and original planters. We’ll have plant lists displayed in every garden and a Master Gardener on hand to answer questions about the plants and their growing conditions. As usual, there will be food (but this year it’s a surprise), transportation and plenty of volunteers to ensure that everyone has a terrific time. Hope to see you there.

—Carol Gardner, TTGG Committee Co-Chair

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How many visitors have passed through the garden gates? a) 72,000+ b) 25,541 c) 54,000+ How many volunteers, including Master Gardeners, have worked in the gardens to make the tour a success year after year? a) 1,300 b) 2,476+ c) 355+ The number of volunteer hours dedicated to TTGG totals more than: a) 13,500 b) 3,500 c) 10,783 Answers: 1c; 2a; 3a; 4b; 5a

E

very year we try to outdo ourselves on our annual Through the Garden Gate (TTGG) tour of private gardens, but this year promises to be extraordinary. Not only is the location— Moore Park and Rosedale—our perennially most popular venue, but we are celebrating the 30th anniversary of TTGG with tours of 30 gardens! And what gardens they are. We’re starting earlier this year (10 a.m.)—unless you’re a world-class sprinter, you’re going to need the time. But you still might want to buy a two-day ticket (prices remain the same as last year).

One of the best surprises this year is the large number of gardens that have been designed and are being cared for by their owners who are all very passionate, creative, hands-on gardeners. I always think that you can feel when a garden is loved and cosseted by its owner—perhaps an overly romantic view of the world— but, if you agree with me, you’ll be very happy in these gardens. Their owners say things like “I lose myself in the garden” and “Sitting here, I feel very connected to the earth.” These are our kind of people— am I right?

We’ve been talking a lot about trends this year in Trellis, and this is a perfect place to see them for yourself. You’ll see vegetable gardens (one in the front of the house), a therapeutic and meditation garden, a Zen garden complete with bridge, teahouse and Torii gate, pollinator

The Details

Through the Garden Gate takes place on Saturday and Sunday, June 10 and 11, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. One-day tickets: $40 members; $45 public. Two-day tickets: $60 members; $65 public. Available online at torontobotanicalgarden.ca and in the TBG Garden Shop. For a list of other ticket outlets, visit torontobotanicalgarden.ca./ttgg.

Special Events

EARTH DAY CELEBRATION Saturday, April 22, 12 to 4 p.m.

Enjoy nature crafts with DiscoverAbility, story time with the Toronto Public Library, planting and so much more! Stroller accessible.

No registration required. FREE. PLANT SALE Thursday May 11: Contributing Members Breakfast & Preview, 9 a.m. to noon. Members Preview, noon to 8 p.m. Open to the public Friday, May 12, 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.; Saturday & Sunday, May 13 and 14, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

DOORS OPEN TORONTO Saturday & Sunday, May 27 & 28 Free and rare access to approximately 150 architecturally, historically, culturally and socially significant buildings. Doorsopenontario.on.ca.

WOMAN TO WOMAN LUNCH IN THE GARDEN Tuesday, May 30, noon to 2:30 p.m.

Tickets: $175; Patron Tables $4,500 (seats 8).

GARDEN DAYS June 9 to 18 Canada’s 10-day celebration of gardens. Details at gardendays.ca.

THROUGH THE GARDEN GATE Saturday & Sunday, June 10 & 11, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. The TBG’s 30th annual tour features 30 gardens in North Rosedale and Moore Park.

classifieds

MARK YOUR CALENDAR

AMERICAN PUBLIC GARDENS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONFERENCE June 19 to 23 Hamilton, Ontario.

Details at publicgardens.org.

EDWARDS SUMMER MUSIC SERIES June 29 through August 31, Thursdays, 7 p.m. Ten concerts set in the beauty of the gardens. Rain or shine (held indoors in case of extreme weather). Limited, general seating; we encourage you to bring your own chair. FREE. ORGANIC FARMERS’ MARKET Thursdays, 2 to 7 p.m. Fresh local veggies and greens plus meats, cheese, eggs, dried fruit and nuts, spices, jams, personal care products and more. Market moves outdoors on May 18.

Weston Family Library Events

DOCUMENTARY SCREENING SERIES Saturday, April 29, 4 p.m.

Numen: The Nature of Plants. A film about the healing power of plants and the natural world. Popcorn available for purchase. $12 public, $10 members. Pay at the door or register online at torontobotanicalgarden.ca/ learn/weston-family-library/libraryprograms/documentary-series.

BOOK CLUB Last Wednesday of every month, 7 to 8:30 p.m. Open to TBG and Book-Lovers members only. Discuss

TORONTO ISLAND GARDEN TOUR 2017 Saturday June 3rd and Sunday June 4th - 12 to 5 pm. Please join us.

Enjoy touring artists’ and plant lovers’ private gardens.

An amazing ferry ride from the ‘big smoke’. Ward’s Island ferry departs Jack Layton Ferry Terminal at Bay Street at Queen’s Quay. Ferry times and ticket prices: www.toronto.ca/parks/island/ferry-schedule.htm. Tour tickets and maps available at white gazebo on arrival at Ward’s Island. Adults $10 cash only. Funds used for community landscaping projects. A volunteer event. For more information please contact: www.torontoisland.org

books with a gardening theme.

To register contact Jan Neuman: janneuman@rogers.com or 416-656-8246. FREE. LIBRARY STORY TIME Mondays through June 26, 11:15 to 11:45 a.m. Drop in for nature stories and songs. Ages 1 to 3. No registration required. FREE. AUTHORS OF SOUL GARDEN CHAPTER POETRY GROUP Last Monday of each month, 6:30 to 8 p.m. A friendly group to share your poetry, get inspired and meet other writers. FREE. For information and to register for your first meeting contact Kirk Davis at kirk.davis@hotmail.com.

Garden Tours with Frank Kershaw

Thursday, May 25, Great Gardens in Our Own Backyard. From small and intimate to large estate properties, this day trip features unique gardens owned by experienced gardeners. Public $145; TBG members $135.

Thursday, July 6, Stouffville, Claremont and Uxbridge Area.

Experience this beautiful area with its long tradition of great gardens and artists’ studios. Public $140; TBG members $130.

Bus transportation to and from the TBG and lunch are included. Book early at torontobotanicalgarden.ca/explore/ tours/gardens/garden-day-trips.

or annekotyk@yahoo.ca or bjsimmons@sympatico.ca.

Remember, it’s cooler by the Lake!

GARDEN TOURS that exceed your expectations with Margaret Dailey-Plouffe. 2017 Tours: OTTAWA TULIP FESTIVAL in May; Philadephia Home/Garden tour in June featuring Longwood; Winterthur; Chanticleer; Nemours; plus QUEBEC GARDEN tour featuring QUATRE VENTS and Reford plus private gardens OTTAWA – 150th Mosaicanada + private gardens in August.

Call 416-746-7199 or 1-877-672-3030 hnatravels.com.

✄

happenings

PATRONS

HONORARY PATRON: ADRIENNE CLARKSON

Brian Bixley, Mark Cullen, Camilla Dalglish, Sondra Gotlieb, Marjorie Harris, Lorraine Johnson, Michele Landsberg, Susan Macaulay, Helen Skinner

BOARD OF DIRECTORS President: Vaughn Miller. Tim Bermingham, Margaret Betts, Mark Bonham, Sara D’Elia, Paula Dill, Paul Dowsett, Denis Flanagan, Kaitlyn Furse, Ryan Glenn, Rebecca Golding, Allan Kling, Cathy Kozma, Michael McClelland, Penny Richards, Alexandra Risen, Gino Scapillati, Judy Shirriff, Irene Stokes, Cynthia Webb, Barbara Yager

ABOUT THE TORONTO BOTANICAL GARDEN The Toronto Botanical Garden (TBG) is a volunteer-based, charitable organization whose purpose is to inspire passion, respect and understanding of gardening, horticulture, the natural landscape and a healthy environment. The TBG raises more than 95 per cent of its operating funds through membership, facility rentals, retail enterprises, program fees and donations. The organization relies on the generosity and financial commitment of individuals, foundations and corporations to help maintain the gardens and support the many horticultural and environmental services we provide to our community. Charitable business number 119227486RR001.

SIGN UP FOR GARDEN ENEWS!

Receive the latest horticultural news and information on events, workshops, lectures and other horticultural happenings. Free registration at torontobotanicalgarden.ca

GENERAL HOURS AND ADMISSION

GARDENS: Free admission, dawn to dusk ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES: Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

WESTON FAMILY LIBRARY: Monday to Friday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., Saturday & Sunday, noon to 4 p.m. Open on TBG Lecture nights GARDEN SHOP: 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily CAFÉ: 9 a.m. to dusk, May to October 31.

MASTER GARDENERS: Visit torontomastergardeners.ca for information and to Ask A Master Gardener; Advice Clinics at the TBG Farmers’ Market, Thursdays 2 to 4:30 p.m. (Winter) and 2 to 7 p.m. (Spring through Fall) Info Line 416-397-1357 MEMBERSHIP: $45 single, $65 family. Call 416-397-1483 or sign up online at torontobotanicalgarden.ca/join

STAFF DIRECTORY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Harry Jongerden director@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1346 BUSINESS AND FINANCE Director of Business and Finance Margaret Chasins business@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1484 Accountant, Nadesu Manikkavasagam accounting@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1352 Database & Technology Administrator Paul Galvez database@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1371 Market Coordinator, Simon Bedford-James 416-397-1354/1359 MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT Marketing & Communications Director Jenny Rhodenizer communication@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1351 Trellis Editor editor@torontobotanicalgarden.ca DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Director of Development, Claudia Zuccato Ria development@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1372 Membership & Development Officer, Sharon Rashid annualgiving@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1483 Special Events Supervisor, Christine Lawrance spevents@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1321 Grant Writer, Beverley Murray 416-397-4879 RENTALS & EVENTS DEPARTMENT Rentals Supervisor, Patricia Chevers rentals@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1324 Rental Sales Coordinator, Katie Pfisterer rentalsales@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1349 Rentals Accountant, Jody Hitchcock rentalaccounting@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1359

goTo

HORTICULTURE DEPARTMENT Nancy Eaton Director of Horticulture Paul Zammit horticulture@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1358 Head Gardener, Sandra Pella gardener@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1316 Taxonomic Assistant, Toni Vella taxonomy@torontobotanicalgarden.ca GARDEN SHOP Brenda Neczhar, Martha McKee, Joanna Joyet shop@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1357 HEAD, VOLUNTEER SERVICES Sue Hills tourguides@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-4145 MAINTENANCE Maintenance Manager, André Hinds Maintenance Officers: Alvin Allen, Renata Farkas, Jonas Kweku-Teye maintenance@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1344

TO LEARN ABOUT THE TBG!

By TTC: From Eglinton subway station take the 51, 54 or 54A bus to Lawrence Avenue East and Leslie Street. The TBG is on the southwest corner.

Find us on...

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WESTON FAMILY LIBRARY Knowledge Resources Manager, Mark Stewart librarian@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1375

torontobotanicalgarden.ca

777 Lawrence Avenue East, Toronto, Ontario M3C 1P2, Canada 416-397-1341; fax: 416-397-1354 • info@torontobotanicalgarden.ca torontobotanicalgarden.ca • @TBG_Canada

TORONTOBOTANICALGARDEN.CA

Rentals Assistant, Warda Jahazi EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Director of Education, Colleen Cirillo education@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1355 Children’s Education Supervisor, Community Programs, Broti Kar tbgkids@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-5209 Children’s Education Supervisor, School Programs, Rebecca Niblett childrensed@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1288 Adult Education Coordinator, Maggie Janik adulted@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-1362 Tour Guide Coordinator, Sue Hills tourguides@torontobotanicalgarden.ca 416-397-4145

ISSUE 2, 2017

GARDENING EVENTS

GARDEN DESIGN

CONTAINER GARDENING

GARDENS TO VISIT

ABOUT US

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Garden tours, plant sales, workshops listed by province.

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What to look for at great garden destinations.

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