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SildegapSkogene Kristoffer Apelseth Liadal Helene Sørland Tora Nitter

Sildegapskogene A new marine protection hybrid on the map

Protected areas came after the nature diversity law in 2013. These were Farmvaren in vest-Agder, Tauterryggene in Nord-Trøndelag, and Saltstraumen in Nordland county. By the end of 2018, there were six marine protected areas. In 2020, 9 new marine areas were established by the government, raising the amount of marine protected areas from 6 to 15. This was done to meet the Aichi goals of protecting 10% of the earths ocean and coastal establishing areas of protection by 2020. This map shows the 15 marine protected areas, and the proposed area of Sildegapskogene.

The area of Sildegapskogenespans from Kråkenes fyr in the west, Selje in east, Måløy in the south and Ytre Fure in the north. It includes the marine area in between, as well as a 100m in-land from the coastline.

The story of the village who started to nurture its forests

A fisherman started sailing people across the fjordmouthings

they sat in a filter in an old mill and then som more

every september they started snorkling in the ocean snow. a phenomena which occurs when storms have whirled up debris

every spring they watched the leaf floating when the big kelp shed theif leafs.

the forest was a common and the commoners decided he could. the forest wouldnt damage. But he should take only every 10th plant in the area, and only before the novermber storms came, for then the forest would be skrinner.

6,7 km

36,5

they stopped the pipes which had in previous years run dirty water to sea

after decades the forests had started to grow strong. an old carpenter asked if he could harvest to make a chair. the chair would be placed in the common cottage of course.

15,

they turned off the street lights in the village after 22:30 and this showed the stars better

somebody carved a mark in a wooden pillar with the image of a kelp snowflake.

a priest decided to plant trees on an islans because he heard the fields had started to run after the deforestation

4,5

after winterstorms, farmers went to the shores to pick broken kelp branches and laid them on the fields. this led the birds to settle in the fields which had in previous years been cut off land.

6,4 km

Biodiversity

Local tourism

Downscaling

Sustainable

”Some argue the ‘extinction of experience’ matters because it has led and will continue to lead to widespread public indifference to the loss of our natural environment and therefore makes tackling future environmental catastrophe harder.” -Lucy Jones

Restoring biodiversity

Kelp Methods for kelp forest restoration are still in a developing phase. A method called green gravel was presented during the blue forest week 2020. It involves harvesting kelp and growing young kelp shoots in a lab on small pebbles. As they grow, the pebble is replaced by a small stone, and in this state the kelp gravel is dropped into deserted habitats by small boats.

Eelgrass Eelgrass restoration is a process which involves four stages. 1.Finding a location where growth is assumed possible 2.Test planting and assessment 3.Replanting, invluding harvesting from donor beds 4.Monitoring Planting can take months and is dependant on the weater and water conditions. It should be done by snorklers og divers in teams in the summer, in early june. Shoots for replanting are harvested from donor meadows with similar traits. Preferably nearby. Shoots are stored for one nigjt before they are replanted. After replanting, the meadow must be visited after 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 11 months, in the spring.

Moving existing mooring points and docs is also an action to help meadows heal and thrive.

The meadow is then monitored and measured for 10 years. This is the time it takes to develop into a mature ecosystem and start storing co2.

before

after

Protection of Sildegapskogene A new marine protection hybrid on the map

Protection of Sildegapskogene marine nature reserve The Directorate for Nature Management

Protection plan for marine and coastal habitat in Vestland county

-Administrative guardian of the marine natural reserve. -Determine who should have the administrative authority in the area that is defined by the regulations.

DNT (The norwegian trekking association)

Institute of Marine Research (HI)

-Are responsible for the maintenance of the cabins, boathouses, and stops for tourists.

-Active participant in monitoring and preservation of the marine ecosystem. -Have a dedicated room in each DNT cabin, for long term staying.

As well as the ammount of tourists that use the over-night facilities.

-The marine biologist is the leader for any citizen research on site.

§ 1.Area The nature reserve spans from Kråkenes fyr in the west, Selje in east, Måløy in the south and Ytre Fure in the north. It includes the marine area in between, as well as a 100m in-land from the coastline. The total area is 200.1 sqkm. The borders can be seen defined in the map in scale 1:10 000, dated by Miljødirektoratet December 2020. The exact border of the reserve is to be physically marked on site. With all breakpoints having their coordinates logged. The map and the regulations can be found in Stad kommune, Kinn kommune, with the county governor for Vestland county, with the directorate of nature management and with the ministry of environmental protection. § 2.Goal The goal with the reservation is to preserve the continous and diverse landscape of the coastline and the benthic zone. Especially in the photic zoone, with it’s belonging flora and fauna.The many substrates and naturally occuring sand- and rock-faces makes it possible for key-species in the preservation of biodiversity, like kelp and eelgrass, to thrive. Which in turn create a suitable habitat for oceanic species which includes, but are not limited to, birds, fishes, micro-organisms and mammals. Many of which are endangered. The intention is to create a healthy and sustainable area that preserve the rich variety of coastal and marine vegetation types with it’s natural plant- and animal-life. § 3.Protection rules The following rules are applicable in the marine nature reserve: 1. Vegetation, including dead flora, is protected against damage and destruction. It’s illegal to remove flora or parts of flora from the reserve. New species can not be introduced. 2. Animal life, including nesting, dens and spawning grounds, is protected against damage and destruction. New animal species, both on land and in the sea, can not be introduced. 3. It’s illegal to take any measures that could change the natural environment, such as construction of new buildings, temporary or permanent facilities, parking of caravans, barracks etc. No fish farms, trawling or industrial farming. No construction of overhead lines, fences, earth cables or sewer lines. No new construction of roads, drainage or industrial extraction, filling planning and storage of pulp, discharge of sewage or other concentrated impurities, emptying of waste, fertilization, liming and use of chemical agents. Littering is prohibited. The list is not exhaustive. 4. Motorized traffic on land and on sea is prohibited, including start and landing with aircrafts. 5. Use of the reserve for tent camps, sporting events or other big events is prohibited. The directorate of nature management may regulate or prohibit traffic in all or parts of the reserve, for conservation protection. Protection plan for marine and coastal habitat in Vestland county Protection of Sildegapskogene marine nature reserve § 6. Care The administrative authority, or someone authorized by the administrative authority, may implement measures of management to promote the conservation of the marine nature reserve. A management plan can be made, which may contain more detailed guidelines for the implementation of management. § 7.General dispensation rules The administrative authority may make exceptions from the regulations when the purpose of the protection requires it. This is applicable for scientific research and work of significant value to society, as long as it doesn’t create conflict with the purpose of the protection.

Tourist -Can carry out citizen research to help further the marine research that is being carried out by HI, by gathering observations and samples. -Have the right to roam, as defined by the norwegian law. As long as this doesn’t interfere with the natural protection. -Can gather natural resources to eat.

§ 8. Administrative guardian The Directorate for Nature Management determine who should have the administrative authority in the area that is in accordance with these regulations. § 9. Implementation These regulations take effect immediately.

Borders Sheltered fjords

Photosynthesis

Protected areas

Eelgrass meadows grow on soft substrate in the more sheltered parts of the sea.

As both eelgrass and kelp depend on photosynthesis to grow, we looked at the places with photosynthesis in the benthic zone. This can be seen as potential places for these species to grow.

Kelp forests grow on shallow rocky substrate. Exposed to the waves.

Often in places that are being used for leisure boat harbours. This happens to be inside the fjord-arms. Extending the border of the park to include the narrow, sheltered fjords.

In the south, we have Måløy. A small village, with a lot of boats coming from the south. This form the southern border, and can also be seen as an entrypoint to the reserve.

The outermost border of the reserve follow the kelp in the west. There’s existing reserves and plans to form reserves around Sildegapet. We let our reserve fill out the space in between them.

Infrastructure Existing infrastructure, and how we utilise it.

Entrances

Moving around

The islands

6,4 km

4,5 km

15,7

There will be boat houses at most of the entrances, where people can rent a boat to explore the area. Storage of the boats will be possible in the bays

36,5

6,7 km

The entrances to the reserve need to be treated in a way that makes it clear you’re about to enter a marine nature reserve.

Using existing roads on land as the starting point when creating routes to explore in the reserve. Any routes longer than 10 km will have stopping-points along the route. Some of which facilitate over-night stays. The shorter routes will have a stop at the end.

Building on an island can be more of a challenge than building on the main-land. As some of the islands are very small, making it impossible to build 100m from the coastline. The islands are also places where birds are nesting, some being endangered. Therefore, any islands too small to keep distance from the wildlife will be completely off-limits when it comes to building.

Analysis sites Existing structures and conditions we have taken into account on every site

Right to roam

Access to the sea

Rivers

Existing structures

100 m strandlinje

Places where it’s possible to get in to a boat or a kayak should be close by the cabin.

What ends up in the river will also end up in the sea. The cabin will not be placed in direct contact with the river.

Potential constructions as startingpoints for further construction, to minimize the intervention size.

Marine events

Existing eelgrass and kelp

Forests

Farmland

Spawning, nesting, and other parts to shield from human intervention.

Point of interest for research and recreational activities

A potential site.

There’s less and less cropland in norway, with a decrease in farming. This is not a place to have a cabin.

edible

Tarm grø n sk e

Su k k ertare

Blæ retan g

K n app tan g

Saue tan g

Sø l

Bu tare

Fing ertare

Fjæ rehinn e

Fjæ red o k k e

Tv eb en d el

R ø d sleip e

Sp iraltan g

Fjæ reb lo d

Po llris

Sk o lm etan g

Farg ev in g

K raslin g

R ek ek lo

Eik ev in g

H av salat

R ek ek lo

Krusflik

G risetan g

Cable ferry

Rocky faces

Pools

Lighthouse

Sandy beaches

Ruins

Dry stone walls

Birds

D v ergk ertare

M ak relltan g

Tei n ebu sk

SJø ris

M artaum

Sk u lp etan g

Fjæ rev in g

R ø d lo

G rø n n d us k

Å legras

Big waves

Klyngetun

Monestary

Svartkluft

Skerries

Po llp ryd

Windy

Kjerrin gh år

Skerry restaurant

Sagtan g

Mill houses

R ek ek lo

Stortare

Nesting spots

Islands

Cabins

facilitating restoration and exploration

Barmøya Kelp and søl

Barmøya is a mountain which is also an island. The whole island is a mountain, in fact. The old boat house with old cledding has a new room up under the rood for a nights sleep, should the rowing trip drag too long. From there you could take your boat and go dive in the kelp forests or look for birds eggshells. Some are olive colored, some are white with watercolor black speckles.

Harvest søl and make a dessert. Look for søl, the red leafs, on the kelp stems. The whole plant can be used. It can be harvested any time of year, but it is said that it is best early in summer. If you want to store the plant, it is best to rinse it in fresh water and let it dry in the sun. It has a nutty flavour and is easliy digested

Moldefjorden Eelgrass and kelp

Moldefjorden has two buildingsand two sides of the ocean. East is a sheltered sand bed which once had an eelgrass meadow. It will be restored by harvesting plants from two nearby meadows. They are just on the other side of the fjord. While divers and marine biologists cooperate on doing this, they stay in the restored stone built boathouse and a restored old barn. The barn lookes out at the other side of the ocean. This is a scramble of weathered cliffs. When the scientists visit during

the spring, to check on the planted shoots, they can boat out to the kelp and fish for kelp leaves. The sugar kelp and kelp loose their leaf this one time a year. It dritfs and will end up in the deep. Unless they catch it. Should this happen, they could eat the leafs they caught. Or hang them as a temporary wall that the birds would come eat by. Kelp naturally lifted to shore during big storms where it is caught by stones. There it lays and attracts insects and birds. Where the sea border is built and constructed, the stones won’t do this job.

Sea route to three nearby donor meadows.

Nordpollen Eelgrass

Nordpollen has three eelgrass meadows. These work as donor meadows for others which will be restored. First of all, they are monitored and nurtured. Nurhuring an eelgrass meadow means picking leaves from the rivers, especially after storms. It means cutting down some trees on land here and there, and it means using natural fertilizers instead of chemical ones. You could do all these things while you’re here. If you’d like to see the meadows, you could snorkle

and look for cod youngs. They stay there their two first living years. Since Nordpollen is very deep, it has shrimp. Go hunting for shrimps and sea salad. The shrimp are clear except for their blick and shimmery stripes and spots,. The sea salad is seethrough chlorophyl green. Now this if if you hunt with your eyes. You could borrow a net. It’s in the boathouse, in the end of the fjord.

Sørpollen Eelgrass

In the inner end of the fjord, there is an eel grass meadow. Sørpollen is a long and narrow fjord which only has road along one side.

It´s about 10 km from the entry of the reserve. The building stores boats. If you arrived by boat you can come ashore and use the road, if you came by road, you can switch to boat and venture on. If you stay in the restored barn, you might meet a diver who is checking in on the eelgrass.

Flatraket Eelgrass monitoring and kelp exploring

Flatraket has two wicks. The westernmost wick has potential for growing an eelgrass meadow. Scientists travel to the nearby halfisland and fjordmunning to collect grasses from two donor meadows. The team of divers stay in the restored stone house while they harvest, test plant, plant and monitor. They plant in early summer and return the following fall and spring. They keep coming back more seldom until the meadow is 10 years old. The location is a sentral top between the weathered kelp locations and the sheltered eelgrass locations.

The location is large enough to house visitors or travelers as well as the scientists and divers. Anyone is welcome to walk upstream along the river running into the eelgrass meadow. It is an important job for keeping the meadow thriving in the first 10 years, and is enjoyed by many as a nice excuse to get outdoor. The easternmost wick is restructured to facilitate for good photosynthesis. The boats are moved out of the shallower zones where the light can shine on the plants. The scientists hope that the meadow can spread to this area too.

Sea route to two nearby donor meadows.

Refvika Bird monitoring

red listed

Lomvi

Krykkje

Havhest

Teis

Storskarv

Åkerrikse

Makrellterne

Vipe

Lunde

Alke

Svartstrupe

Storspove

From the beach in Refvika runs a kelp forest which spans all the way to the lighthouse Kråkenes fyr. This lighthouse is thought of as the most weathered location in Norway. The kelp loves this. Some other species too. Butare likes to stand on sand with heavy waves. Kelp likes stone. Go cod fishing and find an otter in the kelp leaves. The coastal cod stands in the deepest kelp forests and deeper. You might see the teist dive and swim in the kelp forest, hunting like you.

Harvest fresh sugarkelp in the 30 meter depths, where the sugarkelp grows sheltered from the waves by the big kelp stems. Sugarkelp likes to grow on sandy beds in calm waters. However, in the depths with low light, where the kelp creates sparser forests, the sugar kelp can stand in between the kelps. There it grows on stones like the kelp does, and lives in the clearings of sunlight. Far from the rest of the park, you might need a place to stay. The cabin is built inside an existing stone foundation and has a wall which the birds can lay nests in.