Issuu

Portfolio Tora Marie L ars e n Ni t t er

2020/21

Tora Marie Larsen Nitter Badstustredet 2b, Bergen toranitter@gmaill.com +4790786679

Language Norwegian / native English / fluent French / proficient

Education

Skills

2yrs 2020-2022

Master in Architecture at Bergen School of Architecture

Revit

3yrs 2015-2019

Master in Aarchitecture at Oslo School of Architecture and Design

Rhinoceros

Skolen for Kunst og Design, Aarhus, Danmark

AutoCad

Fall 2014

Spring 2014 Krabbesholm højskole, Skive, Danmark

Illustrator

2012/13

Bergen Katedralskole

InDesign

2011/12

Lycée Henriette Dachsbeck, Brüssel, Belgia

Photoshop

2010/11

Bergen Katedralskole

V-ray

2002-2010

Trondheim kulturskole

Maxwell

Adobe CC

Enscape

Employment

Various CAD-teqhniques incl.:

2020-2021

Internship at LPO Longyearbyen

laser-cutting, 3d-printing

2019-2020

Internship at LPO Oslo 2

Academic work

2015-2021

p. 4-17

WEAVING

p. 18-27

BRIDGE OVER TROUBLED WATER

p. 28-39

SILDEGAPSKOGENE

p. 40-43

REDACTED

p. 44-49

KVADRATUREN KUNSTHÅNDVERKSTED

p. 50-55

SØRÅSJORDET

p. 56-59

DANMARKSGATE 24

Weaving Granvin is a small town located in the west of Norway, in the inner most of Hardangerfjorden. Granvin has a strong connection to the identity of Hardanger, and is still practicing the traditions of handcraft in food, drinks, embroidery, agriculture, textiles and pattern. Throuout history Granvin has developed from being a flourishing hub for transport and tourism, and a thriving industrial corner of Hardanger, to being a pheriphery of Voss, with the merging with Voss Heard in 2020. The main intention of the project was to strenghten the local identity and qualities, through weaving urban life and nature together, and create a common shelter for several and shifting programs. Our site was the area that surrounds Fv7 that runs straight trough what we identified as the center of Granvin. We have transformed the former library, and establishied an open common space - and a station. It functions as a bus stop, communal kitchen, and a place for gatherings and festivities. Wherest it used to be the sea-front that was the main place for enconters, and the main transportation hub in Granvin, in the midst of Granvins urban carpet. A woven urban carpet that slows down traffic, and creates connections across paths and spaces. Trough shifting texture and rythm one can orient one self based on the added elements in the new urban terrain.

In collaboration with: Maren Roscher and Guðrún Harðardóttir 5

Hardangerbana Identities Granvin center People Map of identities

Complex Context 2021

Weaving an urban carpet The town of Granvin is 20 minutes from Voss and 1,5 hours from Bergen. In a time where we located our selves after minutes and hours, and not by the length in kilometers, the measurement of a distance is to move from A to B at the fasts possible way. One can say that time is moving faster now than in the past. It took us two days to walk along the tracks of Hardangerbana, from Voss to Granvin, and it took us 15 minutes to take the bus back from Granvin to Voss. On the way back it felt like going into a time capsule. The distance became really clear, and how evolutionary pace between A to B has become. Hardangerbana was built to transport gods from the seafront in Granvin, to Voss that was inland, but it was also beneficial for people living in Granvin.

Track

Map of railroads in Norway prior to 2nd WW, showing Hardangerbana.

Change in the building custom in Granvin, from laft in ”really old times” to gates took over around 1800. Another type of building that is special to Voss and Granvin, which there are also few of, are barns with timber hay and grain quarries and with threshing floor in the middle.

STØL Written resources about stølsdrift back to 1600. Possibly all the way back to 500 BC

Graven Fiskeriforening was founded. 47 husmannsplasser in Granvin

1865

Husmannsvesenet

1030

1537

Middle age

New age

One product that we take for granted today, but if possible was even more vital in the past, was salt. City names and written sources tell that salt was extracted from fjord water (common salt) in Hardanger.

1600

1726

Granvin church

Granvin

1859

1890-1914

Granvin Herad becomes Ulvik

TOURISM

was its own port both in middel ages and in 1647, as it stands of the taxable tram. It tells a story about power and affluence. Granvin priest -area, which also includes Ulvik, was separated from Kinsarvik as it’s own priest-area in 1608.

Timeline

1891

Graven municipality. first came with the national romantic wave at the end of the 19th century and lasted until the First World War

Complex Context 2021 The road through Skjervet is mentioned in sources from the middle ageand together with the road that goes from Folkedal, up the valley and on towards Voss. Granvin can offer a long and varied history when it comes to transport. Both by virtue of its own industrial production, tourism, and Granvin’s location as a link between the neighboring villages means in sum that the contact both between the village team in Granvin and beyond has been large and varied Granvin bruk established (today Moelven)

According to stories, this was the path Olav Haraldsson used when he was to christianize people in Voss in 1023.

19141918 1ST WW

In general, there are few industry-related activities in Granvin. Today, livestock-based agriculture is the largest industry, and about 1/3 of the working-class inhabitants of Granvin work outside the district. Of individual businesses, Moelven Granvin is the largest workplace with 42 emploeys.

1965

1935 Hardangerbana built

With WW 1, the industry in Granvin more or less collapsed, before it took off until the Second World War, when it collapsed again.

19391945 2ND WW

1985

1988

Hardangerbana closes for public transport

Hardangerbana closes

1940 Battle at Skjervet

2021

In 2020, Granvin went from municipality to a village in voss herad municipality.

STØL 1900-1960 Ending of stølsdrift 9

History of Granvin and Hardangerbana

Consept models

Complex Context 2021

View southwards of a woven town center in Granvin

Hardanger

Granvin

site recreational industry public

Mapping Granvin

Complex Context 2021

People of Granvin Through our walk on the remains of Hardangerbana we met three people that each where still practicing a way of traditional and Hardanger-bound handcrafting. They strongly inspired us in our thoughts.

Kirsten Fenne

Lars Ivar Kvalfoss

Leif Seim

Leader of Granvin Husflidlag. Used to work at the ”utsalg” next to the saw mill, but is now working in Husfliden in Voss. She holds courses in Hardangersaum, and looming. Every wednesday Granvin husflidlag gathers in Heradshuset where they have 8 loom chairs. She said that its a very popular venue, and that they have people on waitinglists to have a chair.

Lars bought old Nesheim station building in 2014. He is originally from Odda himself, but he has ancestors and family around the area of Granvin. Lars has a huge collection of cameras, and a dark room at his house. He said that the nature sourrounding his home, the former station, is his inspiration.

Leif grew up in Voss. He is now living at the farm where his mother grew up in Seim. Leif is currently landowner of a big area around his farm. He worked as a tourist guide for 35 yrs on cruises in Hardangerfjoren, Flåm and Sognefjorden. As a boy he took Hardangerbana down to Granvin to visit his uncle. Leif is an enthusiastic beer-brewer, and uses the traditional yeast kveik for brewing.

People of Granvin

Kinderg arden

Libr

Nurs in hom ge

Th e é Caf

Sta

tion

y wer

Bre

p C oo

é Caf enGre e s hou

Urban plan

ar y

The new station

Complex Context 2021

2nd floor

Ground floor

section A-A

section B-B 15

Model

Complex Context 2021

Perspectives of the station at night

Bridge Over Troubled Water

The course emerged around the opportunity to collectively develop and build an architectural intervention in the hall of BAS. Engaging both with a number of existing needs, conditions and requirements, to upgrade it, and a selection of research and exploratory potentials associated with the situation. Through a combination of experimental research and making ‘modes’ the studio engaged in a collective exploration of the potentials of the situation of intervention at BAS. Simultaneously we developed complementary or related knowledges and worked within a series of defined, shorter exercises, not necessarily linked linearly with the final built outcome. Foregrounding both our bodies’ capacity to make space, and an ‘active’ or performative register which focuses on what architecture(s) can do, the studio carried out experimental and site-specific explorations and tests, engaging wood as primary material, and paying special attention to movement and change, as well as to the notion of situatedness.

In collaboration with: Håkon Asheim, Sara Boukili, Jonas Granøien, Kristin Frich Hanøy, Guðrún Harðardóttir, Bastian Düvet Haukefaer, Linda Maria Lindkvist, Sturla Hrafn Solveigarson, Elisabeth Wieërs 19

Modes

exploration of the potential

Open form

Techologies of Experience

Personal reading of the situation and translation of it. About the spaces in between, expressing my experience of lightness, and dynamic but fragile connections. To see, understand, and show more.

III

Timber Atmospheres

Visits of forests and landscapes nearby Bergen, exploring timber architectures and meeting people that shared their experiences and stories about wood and the land with us.

Developed elements from model to visible qualities on site. Catching the hight, the light, complexity, the movements and directions of the hall.

Situated Architecture(s)

Energy Symoiesis

CIrculation/Accesibility

These drwaings are by unknown creators, as they answered the question: How do you move though the hall?

Exchange/dialogue

exchange / dialogue

ground floor

2nd floor

Dance / Writing

VII

Care /Intimacy We spent a night in the hall in a place and shelter of own choice.

Building

The hanging The hanging gardens ofgardens of new-Babylon new-Babylon

Process

Situated Architecture(s)

Situated architecture Bridge over troubled water 2021

Details

As built 1915

4240

1480

1900

8640

A 3510

nine

2625

16650

ground ﬂoor

1200

plan

405

2021

2990

4255

4575

405

SECTION A A

section A-A 24

Situated Architecture(s)

Situated architecture Bridge over troubled water 2021

existing

existing new

new

existing new

construction

198 mm

cc 1230 mm

198 mm

7.5 mm

1230 mm

1200mm

150 mm 1230 mm

200 mm

140 mm

1200mm

140 mm

1:100

section 1:100

OPPRISS elevation

PLAN AND SECTION

150 mm

1200mm

200 mm 140 mm

plan

198 mm

7.5 mm

198 mm

Sildegapskogene Our research on maritime tourism and shipping, about problems ships cause locally and how they effect biodiversity sub sea, turned our project into a counter-reaction - finding a way to create and preserve parts of nature that these industries are destroying. Sildegapskogene is located at the northern border of Vestland. It’s a network of sites made to fasilitate restoring and monitoring of sub sea forests, also including public science. By research we tracked down two key species in the preservation of biodiversity, kelp and eelgrass. Both are redlisted. They form sub sea forests and meadows, and create habitats that house very rich ecosystems. They also absorb a lot of co2 - ten times more than the forests on lands. A collapse of the worlds ecosystem has gradually occured during the last 100 years, and the dissappearance of forests appear to start in the south and expand north. We also looked into the surrounding species that use the habitats that kelp and eelgrass form within the area of Sildegapskogene. A lot of life, both small and big, use the forests and meadows. Miljødirektoratet have something called marine protection, and something else called a nature reserve. None of these cover the coastline in a sensible way. We have called sildegapskogene a Marine nature reserve. Something that protects both the oceanic life and the marine life that uses both the sea and the land. To let people experience first-hand the things that nature can provide, it makes it an experience to act on. The sites are strategically chosen consider occurances of kelp and eelgrass. Theres boat houses by the entrances to the reserve, and in the end of the sheltered fjord-arms. Theres cabins next to the most important sub sea locations, and where the stretches of roads are longer than 10km. Farmland, marshes, and the 100 m line from the sea is off-limits. Exceptions are already existing structures which can be given new life. Not having to cross farmland to reach the sea, and not to build too close to the rivers as they carry debri into the sea, are as well important considerations.

he area of Sildegapskogeneans from Kråkenes fyr in the est, Selje in east, Måløy in the uth and Ytre Fure in the north. includes the marine area in beteen, as well as a 100m in-land om the coastline.

In collaboration with: Christoffer A. Liadal and Helen Sørland. 29

A new marine protection hybrid Protected areas came after the nature diversity law in 2013. These were Farmvaren in vest-Agder, Tauterryggene in Nord-Trøndelag, and Saltstraumen in Nordland county. By the end of 2018, there were six marine protected areas. In 2020, 9 new marine areas were established by the government, raising the amount of marine protected areas from 6 to 15. This was done to meet the Aichi goals of protecting 10% of the earths ocean and coastal establishing areas of protection by 2020. This map shows the 15 marine protected areas, and the proposed area of Sildegapskogene.

Ocean Space II

”Some argue the ‘extinction of experience’ matters because it has led and will continue to lead to widespread public indifference to the loss of our natural environment and therefore makes tackling future environmental catastrophe harder.” -Lucy Jones

Restoring Biodiversity

Kelp

Eelgrass

Methods for kelp forest restoration are still in a developing phase. A method called green gravel was presented during the blue forest week 2020. It involves harvesting kelp and growing young kelp shoots in a lab on small pebbles. As they grow, the pebble is replaced by a small stone, and in this state the kelp gravel is dropped into deserted habitats by small boats.

Eelgrass restoration is a process which involves four stages. 1. Finding a location where growth is assumed possible 2. Test planting and assessment 3. Replanting, invluding harvesting Restoring from donor beds 4. Monitoring

kelp Methods for kelp forest restoration are still in a developing phase. A method called green gravel was presented during the blue forest week 2020. It involves harvesting kelp and growing young kelp shoots in a lab on small pebbles. As they grow, the pebble is replaced by a small stone, and in this state the kelp gravel is dropped into deserted habitats by small boats.

Planting can take months and is dependant Planting on canthe weater and water Eelgrass restoration is a process which take months and is involves four stages. on the weater and water conditions.dependant It should be done by conditions. It should be done by 1. Finding a location where growth is og snorklers og diversin in teams in the snorklers divers teams in the assumed possible summer, in early june. 2. Test planting and assessment summer, in early june. Shoots for 3. Replanting, invluding harvesting Shoots for replanting are harvested from donor beds replanting from meadows with similar from donor aredonorharvested 4. Monitoring traits. Preferably nearby. Shoots are stored forsimilar one nigjt before they are meadows with traits. Preferably replanted. find donormeadownearby. Shoots are stored for one find reproductive shoots and harvest After replanting, the meadow must be witouh sedimends nigjt before they are6 weeks, replanted. After visited after 4 weeks, and 11 only harvest every third shoot, and not harvest in the same area twice replanting, months, thein the spring. meadow must be meadow is then monitored and keep shoots moist at visited all time afterThe 4 weeks, weeks, and 11 measured for 10 years. This6is the time it takes to develop into a mature ecoinsystem the spring. The meadow plant shoots with 25months, cm space in an and start storing co2. area by approx. 10 x 10 m is then monitored and measured for 10 years. This is the time it takes to develop into a mature ecosystem and start storing co2. eelgrass

Ocean Space II

Cabins

Facilitating restoration and exploration

rests

they sat in a filter in an old mill and then som more

6,4 km

every spring they watched the leaf floating when the big kelp shed theif leafs.

4,5

a priest decided to plant trees on an islans because he heard the fields had started to run after the deforestation

after decades the forests had started to grow strong. an old carpenter asked if he could harvest to make a chair. the chair would be placed in the common cottage of course.

6,7 km

36,5

15,

the forest was a common and the commoners decided he could. the forest wouldnt damage. But he should take only every 10th plant in the area, and only before the novermber storms came, for then the forest would be skrinner.

Biodiversity

Local tourism

Downscaling

Sustainable

Moldefjorden Eelgrass and Kelp

Moldefjorden has two houses and two sides of the ocean. East is a sheltered sand bed which once had an eelgrass meadow. It will be restored by harvesting plants from two nearby meadows. They are just on the other side of the fjord. While divers and marine biologists cooperate on doing this, they stay in the restored stone built boathouse and a restored old barn. The barn lookes out at the other side of the ocean. This is a scramble of weathered cliffs. When the scientists visit during the spring, to check on the planted shoots, they can boat out to the kelp and fish for kelp leaves. The sugar kelp and kelp loose their leaf this one

time a year. It dritfs and will end up in the deep. Unless they catch it. Should this happen, they could eat the leafs they caught. Or hang them as a temporary wall that the birds would come eat by. Kelp naturally lifted to shore during big storms where it is caught by stones. There it lays and attracts insects and birds.Where the sea border is built and constructed, the stones won’t do this job.

Moldefjorden Eelgrass and kelp

Moldefjorden has two buildingsand two sides of the ocean. East is a sheltered sand bed which once had an eelgrass meadow. It will be restored by harvesting plants from two nearby meadows. They are just on the other side of the fjord. While divers and marine biologists cooperate on doing this, they stay in the restored stone built boathouse and a restored old barn. The barn lookes out at the other side of the ocean. This is a scramble of weathered cliffs. When the scientists visit during

the spring, to check on the planted shoots, they can boat out to the kelp and fish for kelp leaves. The sugar kelp and kelp loose their leaf this one time a year. It dritfs and will end up in the deep. Unless they catch it. Should this happen, they could eat the leafs they caught. Or hang them as a temporary wall that the birds would come eat by. Kelp naturally lifted to shore during big storms where it is caught by stones. There it lays and attracts insects and birds. Where the sea border is built and constructed, the stones won’t do this job.

Ocean Space II

Barmøya Kelp and søl

Barmøya is a mountain which is also an island. The whole island is a mountain, in fact. The old boat house with old cledding has a new room up under the rood for a nights sleep, should the rowing trip drag too long. From there you could take your boat and go dive in the kelp forests or look for birds eggshells. Some are olive colored, some are white with watercolor black speckles.

the kelp stems. The whole plant can be used. It can be harvested any time of year, but it is said that it is best early in summer. If you want to store the plant, it is best to rinse it in fresh water and let it dry in the sun. It has a nutty flavour and is easliy digested

Harvest søl and make a dessert. Look for søl, the red leafs, on the kelp stems. The whole plant can be used. It can be harvested any time of year, but it is said that it is best early in summer. If you want to store the plant, it is best to rinse it in fresh water and let it dry in the sun. It has a nutty flavour and is easliy digested

Flatraket

Eelgrass monitoring and kelp exploring

Flatraket has two wicks. The westermost wick has potential for growing an eelgrass meadow. Scientists travel to the nearby halfisland and fjordmunning to collect grasses from two donor meadows. The team of divers stay in the restored stone house while they harvest, test plant, plant and monitor. They plant in early summer and return the following fall and spring. They keep coming back more seldom until the meadow is 10 years old. The location is a sentral top between the weathered kelp locations and the sheltered eelgrass locations. The location is large enough to house visitors or travelers as well as the scientists and divers. Anyone

is welcome to walk upstream along the river running into the eelgrass meadow. It is an important job for keeping the meadow thriving in the first 10 years, and is enjoyed by many as a nice excuse to get outdoor. The easternmost wick is restructured to facilitate for good photosynthesis. The boats are moved out of the shallower zones where the light can shine on the plants. The scientists hope that the meadow can spread to this area too.

Flatraket Eelgrass monitoring and kelp exploring

Flatraket has two wicks. The westernmost wick has potential for growing an eelgrass meadow. Scientists travel to the nearby halfisland and fjordmunning to collect grasses from two donor meadows. The team of divers stay in the restored stone house while they harvest, test plant, plant and monitor. They plant in early summer and return the following fall and spring. They keep coming back more seldom until the meadow is 10 years old. The location is a sentral top between the weathered kelp locations and the sheltered eelgrass locations.

The location is large enough to house visitors or travelers as well as the scientists and divers. Anyone is welcome to walk upstream along the river running into the eelgrass meadow. It is an important job for keeping the meadow thriving in the first 10 years, and is enjoyed by many as a nice excuse to get outdoor. The easternmost wick is restructured to facilitate for good photosynthesis. The boats are moved out of the shallower zones where the light can shine on the plants. The scientists hope that the meadow can spread to this area too.

Ocean Space II

Nordpollen Eelgrass

Nordpollen has three eelgrass meadows. These work as donor meadows for others which will be restored. First of all, they are monitored and nurtured. Nurhuring an eelgrass meadow means picking leaves from the rivers, especially after storms. It means cutting down some trees on land here and there, and it means using natural fertilizers instead of chemical ones. You could do all these things while you’re here. If you’d like to see the meadows, you could snorkle and look for cod youngs. They stay there their two first living years. Since Nord-

pollen is very deep, it has shrimp. Go hunting for shrimps and sea salad. The shrimp are clear except for their blick and shimmery stripes and spots,. The sea salad is seethrough chlorophyl green. Know this if you hunt with your eyes. You could borrow a net. It’s in the boathouse. In the end of the fjord.

Nordpollen Eelgrass

and look for cod youngs. They stay there their two first living years. Since Nordpollen is very deep, it has shrimp. Go hunting for shrimps and sea salad. The shrimp are clear except for their blick and shimmery stripes and spots,. The sea salad is seethrough chlorophyl green. Now this if if you hunt with your eyes. You could borrow a net. It’s in the boathouse, in the end of the fjord.

Sørpollen Eelgrass

In the inner end of the fjord, there is an eel grass meadow. Sørpollen is a long and narrow fjord which only has road along one side. It is about 10 km from the entry of the reserve. The building stores boats. If you arrived by boat you can come ashore and use the road, if you came by road, you can switch to boat and venture on. If you stay in the restored barn, you might meet a diver who is checking in on the eelgrass.

Sørpollen Eelgrass

In the inner end of the fjord, there is an eel grass meadow. Sørpollen is a long and narrow fjord which only has road along one side.

It´s about 10 km from the entry of the reserve. The building stores boats. If you arrived by boat you can come ashore and use the road, if you came by road, you can switch to boat and venture on. If you stay in the restored barn, you might meet a diver who is checking in on the eelgrass.

Ocean Space II

Refvika Bird monitoring

From the beach in Refvika runs a kelp forest which spans all the way to the lighthouse Kråkenes fyr. This lighthouse is thought of as the most weathered location in Norway. The kelp loves this. Some other species too. Butare likes to stand on sand with heavy waves. Kelp likes stone. Go cod fishing and find an otter in the kelp leaves. The coastal cod stands in the deepest kelp forests and deeper. You might see the teist dive and swim in the kelp forest, hunting like you. Harvest fresh sugarkelp in the 30 meter depths, where the sugarkelp grows sheltered from the waves by the big kelp stems. Sugarkelp likes to grow on

sandy beds in calm waters. However, in the depths with low light, where the kelp creates sparser forests, the sugar kelp can stand in between the kelps. There it grows on stones like the kelp does, and lives in the clearings of sunlight.Far from the rest of the park, youmight need a place to stay. The cabin is built inside an existing stone foundation and has a wall which the birds can lay nests in.

Refvika Bird monitoring

red listed

Lomvi

Krykkje

Havhest

Teis

Åkerrikse

Makrellterne

Vipe

Lunde

Alke

Svartstrupe

Storspove

Storskarv

Harvest fresh sugarkelp in the 30 meter depths, where the sugarkelp grows sheltered from the waves by the big kelp stems. Sugarkelp likes to grow on sandy beds in calm waters. However, in the depths with low light, where the kelp creates sparser forests, the sugar kelp can stand in between the kelps. There it grows on stones like the kelp does, and lives in the clearings of sunlight. Far from the rest of the park, you might need a place to stay. The cabin is built inside an existing stone foundation and has a wall which the birds can lay nests in.

Redacted Blue print

[REDACTED] is the result of investigations into Bergen’s shipping industry. The story of the shipping industry is heavily redacted. It operates in an autonomous space, shielded by Sea Blindness. This publication gives a critical overview of shipping in Bergen, the North Sea and beyond, reporting on import/export relations, flags of convenience, vessel types, beaching, pollution and interviews with the public. The blueprint was a part of the exhibition ”The Ocean” at Bergen Kunsthall Autumn 2021.

els vess ´t tr ac k can we

lin e

de tsi ou

There are estimated 100 75 000 vessels at the high sea at any given time

thi

Store Lungegårdsvann

BERGEN 24h

ALBLASSERDAM, NL - BERGEN, NO - ARKHANGELSK, RU Name: LADY ISABEL Vessel Type - Generic: Cargo Status: Active MMSI: 246248000 Call Sign: PDGZ Flag: Netherlands [NL] Gross Tonnage: 3322 Summer DWT: 4250 t Length Overall x Breadth Extreme: 88.05 x 14.46 m Year Built: 1997 Home Port: DELFZIJL

Redaction The limit where ships dissapear from trackers. Shown in relation to Bergen

Builder: •••••••••• Owner: •••••••••• Manager: •••••••••• Carrying:

BERGEN

ARKA

omi c borders

CHICA GO

ELS NGH

mariti me

SINGAPORE

2020 1500% increase in container carrying capacity in 50 years.

OSLO

econ

GIBRALTAR

L A CANAL PANAM SUEZ CANA

SUEZ CANAL SHANGH AI

Sea blindness - noun

RW EG

NORTH SEA right now

IAN

RE NC H

When one is not aware of the heavy traffic at sea and the environmental footprint it has on the planet, ”out of sight out of mind”.

Departure 05 Sep 2020 Qingdao Qianwan Container Co Ltd China

Arrival 25 Oct 2020 Bergen Greencarrier Terminal Norway

Transit Time

50 Days 50 days

Qingdao - Qingdao Qianwan Container Co Ltd China

Departure 05 Sep 2020 06:00

Vessel/Voyage MAGLEBY MAERSK

2 days Ulsan - Busan International Transhipment South Korea

The Incredible Journey of [REDACTED]

Builder: •••••••••• Owner: •••••••••• Manager: •••••••••• Carrying:

DOG GE

Name: WILSON BLYTH Vessel Type - Generic: Cargo Status: Active MMSI: 249311000 Calling signal: 9HQP4 Flag: Malta [MT] Bruttotonn: 2446 Summer DWT: 3680 t Length Overall x Breadth Extreme: 87.9 x 12.8 m Year Built: 1995 Home port: VALLETTA

NEWCASTLE

Arrival 09 Sep 2020 16:00 Departure 09 Sep 2020 17:00

BERGEN, NO - GIBRALTAR- LA SPEZIA, IT

The time is [REDACTED] on a beautiful [REDACTED] morning. In the port of Bergen, the ship Dollar Spirit is unloading tons of [REDACTED] and soon it will be filled with [REDACTED]

Bremerhaven - NTB North Sea Terminal Bremerhaven Germany

The crew has seen the entire world, but never set their foot on land. The most beautiful was [REDACTED] followed closely by [REDACTED] Mr. [REDACTED] has been sailing for [REDACTED] years. He has seen it all and says [REDACTED] things happen at the high seas, when the crew has no entertainment but themselves.

Arrival 19 Oct 2020 06:00 Departure 22 Oct 2020 22:00

Bergen - Bergen Greencarrier Terminal Norway

Arrival 25 Oct 2020 14:00

While Mr. [REDACTED] spends up to [REDACTED] months at sea, sometimes even longer, the pay being as low as [REDACTED] and the conditions being borderline [REDACTED] he says he mainly does it for his family. The days can really differ, even though the view is the same. Unlimited ocean in every direction, the biggest differences being in night and day. Mr. [REDACTED] has never been religious, for him it's about ports and freighters not thoughts and prayers. Many of his crew mates are religious, it helps them with their loneliness. “We spend up to [REDACTED] weeks at sea, we are only [REDACTED] crew members, so you spend a lot of time alone, both willingly and unwillingly. Religion is something most seafarers keep to their cabins, like my friend [REDACTED] will eat pork and taste alcohol, even though he is a muslim, and [REDACTED] drinks to fit it, but it goes against his baptist beliefs. They hope that god will forgive them and understand why they do this.” More to come

BREMERHAVEN SINGAPORE, SG - BERGEN, NO - SUEZ CANAL, EG AMSTERDAM

ROTTERDAM

LONDON

O AIT STR

0 km

40 km

Name: TRINA Vessel Type - Generic: Cargo Status: Active MMSI: 218705000 Call Sign: DFVI2 Flag: Germany [DE] Gross Tonnage: 13058 Summer DWT: 11940 t Length Overall x Breadth Extreme: 159.8 x 24.34 m Year Built: 2008 Home Port: HAMBURG

Cars

Shipping

Shippings share of norwegian transport of goods.

Builder: •••••••••• Owner: •••••••••• Manager: •••••••••• Carrying:

200 km

In collaboration with: Håkon Asheim, Guðrún Harðardóttir, Petter Ludvigsen and Helene Sørland. 41

Vessel/Voyage JSP SLEIPNER

3 days

“Once, when we were just outside [REDACTED],my friends [REDACTED] and [REDACTED] got into a [REDACTED]. It was wild, [REDACTED] everywhere. [REDACTED] and [REDACTED] had to go to [REDACTED] to get [REDACTED].”

K AN RB

Vessel/Voyage MAGLEBY MAERSK

40 days

[REDACTED]

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

[REDACTED]

THROUGHOUT HISTORY

QUAYS

The port is our largest and oldest traffic hub. The port is in itself a traffic artery in the sense that it is through the port goods and people move from boat to shore, on to other means of transport, or to other boats heading elsewhere. Vågen is normally ice-free in winter, and has always been a good harbor all year round. Along Bryggen at first, and eventually Strandsiden. Through the 15th and 1600s century, Nøstet, Skuteviken and Sandviken were also used as ports with the associated buildings. Laksevåg, Møhlenpris, Jekteviken, Dokken, Nøstet, Strandsiden, Vågen, Bryggen and Sandviken, were largely developed at different times. Laksevåg was the last developed harbour area.

With the introduction of steamships came the need for a new port technology infrastructure, where the larger stone quays are the most important element. In Bergen, the tradition of drywalling quays lasted a long time, until we in 1960s began to cast the quays.

It was especially the stockfish trade that was the background for the first port acticity and urban rise in Bergen.

1745

1757

1768

1885

1907

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

PORT OF BERGEN TØNNEPENGER For 400 years all ships going in to bergen and passing this barrel have had to pay a fee. Today tønnepenger is about 160 000 kr a year, and goes to the home for elderly sea fares.

1603

1950

Sea farers fattighus Bergen

1768

1646 ”Scholeusstikket”

1851

Bryggen as i looked like in 1768, at the time when hansakontoret closed. Drwan by J.J. Reichborn.

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION REVOLUTION

The Bergen Steamship Company (BDS) was Norway´s first privately owned shpping line. Until it was sold in 1984 it had a special position in the port of Bergen.

Triangeldoc

1850

Mooring rings are known from the Middle Ages

developed from the late Middle Ages and beyond in the 17th century until 1880s when there was a continuous row of sheds just broken at Rothaugen

VÅGEN, BRYGGEN AND STRANDSIDEN

Copy of Isac van Geelkerck's fortification map of Bergen from 1646. The oldest known map from Bergen.

1588

SANDVIKEN AND SKUTEVIKEN 1350

thousand sailors

Before the fridge and limited possibilities to store food, Europe needed the stockfish from Lofoten. Since Bergen was situated in the middle it was the perfect place for transshipment. It was especially the stockfish trade that was the background for the urban rise in Bergen. The Hansiatic office opened in Bergen in the 1350.

During history, most of the waste produced in Bergen has been thrown into Vågen. Much of this waste has been used as filling material to expand the city. The waste was emptied directly into Vågen or came with the roads and sewers that all ended up there.

In 1875 Norway was the world’s third largest shipping nation with 60 000 sailors.

1875 WWII 1917 Plan for expanding the port at Dokken.

Bradbenken before it was utbygget between 1934-39

NØSTET has evolved from being an area with self-grown building structure, boathouses and small wooden piers to a modern harbor area.land areas with fields and natural shoreline, with pleasure grounds, Jørgen Thormøhlens various industrial enterprises and rural idyll to an area where the area is totally utilized in connection with port-related activities.

MØHLENPRIS, JEKTEVIKEN AND DOKKEN

The foundation for the modern shipping industry was settled when Norges Rederforbund, with prime minister Christian Michelsen as president, was founded.

1909

Hilmar Reksten was one of Norway’s largest shipowners of all time. He grew up in Nordnes and established his shipping business in 1929. Reksten was accused for tax cheeting after WWII, but is also known for helping establishing festspillene in Bergen in 1953, and donating considerable sums to charity and culture. Reksten bought the worlds biggest machine-tanker, the Octavian. He ran his business with high risk, and had huge sucecess until the oil crisis in 1973.

Bergen tonnage in relation to transition from sail to steam

From 1999 to 2006, the fleet fell back by 29 percent and the number of Norwegian seamen declined by 20 percent

2004

The Port Council, the highest body in the Port of Bergen, has decided to move the freight port in Bergen from Dokken to Ågotnes in Fjell municipality.

Norway has one of the world’s largest fleets. Nearly 1 900 Norwegian controlled vessels and rigs operate worldwide. Norway has the worlds fifth biggest fleet measured in value. About 40% of this fleet is owned and driftet in and out from Bergen

In January 2004, the ship MS Rocknes capsized in Vatlestraumen south of Bergen. 18 people died and 45 km of coast line was polluted with oil- and diesel spillage.

ASKØY

1980

ÅGOTNES

Norwegian International Ship Register (NIS) to keep at all some ships under the Norwegian flag and prevent Norwegian ships from flagging out. This led to 1800 sea men losing their job.

1929

100

LAKSEVÅG

In the 60’s the development of the offshore industry gave a new dimension to the Norwegian shipping industry

1970 The shipping crisis in the 1970-80s led to oversupply of vessels and led to a lower number of Norwegian registered ships.

1866-1914

have undergone major changes, from being land areas with fields and natural shoreline, with pleasure grounds, Jørgen Thormøhlens various industrial enterprises and rural idyll to an area where the area is totally utilized in connection with port-related activities.

1960

24 h

this area is the city’s medieval area, at the same time as a large development has taken place over the last hundred years industrial enterprises and rural idyll to an area where the area is totally utilized in connection with port-related activities.

2020

2018

1999

90 80

DOKKEN

70 60

24.8

is the sub-area that was last developed, in 1800- century, and is characterized by the fact that it was an important area for industrial development from the mid-1800s.

SOTRA

40 30

20 10 0 1866

HISTORY

PORT OF BERGEN

IMPORT - EXPORT

THROUGH HISTORY

PEAS AND PAPER

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

WHAT IS FOC

GLOBAL ROUTE

OWNERSHIP

FROM A TO Z

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

HABITATION

NOISE

[REDACTED]

EMISSIONS

1871

1875

1878 1880

HISTORY

INTERWIEVS

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

1870

PEAS AND PAPER

1881

1885 1890

1891

1895 1900

1905

1910

1914

VATLESTRAUMEN

PORT OF BERGEN

IMPORT - EXPORT

THROUGH HISTORY

PEAS AND PAPER

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

WHAT IS FOC

GLOBAL ROUTE

OWNERSHIP

FROM A TO Z

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

HABITATION

NOISE

[REDACTED]

EMISSIONS

INTERWIEVS

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

What arrives at Bergen Port in a week Coal coal

Following a ship from Bergen.

coal

ONE CONTAINER The employees at Bergen Port says 1000 cars pass through the gate every day

Pulp paper At Bergen Port the redacted reporter asked: - What’s in the containers? We don’t open the containers. But we export a lot of paper waste. From Bergen port, pulp paper goes to Rotterdam. It takes 53 hours. It stays in the port for many hours and is moved around by large trucks and cranes.

- Where does it go? We don’t know, but it goes to Rotterdam first. What comes back is peas for the Toro factory.

Pulp paper goes to Bremerhaven. Yes that is backwards. The yourney takes between 30 and 48 hours.

Pulp paper goes to Vietnam. One of the 17 countries which norway exports paper waste to.

From Vietnam port it goes to where it is

Bergen - Vietnam takes 37 days, and stops at 7 ports.

accompanied semitrailers traileracctraileracc

or maybe

unaccompanied semitrailers trailer trailer

But before that, it goes to Port Langier Mediterannee in Morocco and Salalah in Oman.

accompanied semitrailer accompanied semitrailer

import vehicles import vehicle import vehicle semitrailer semitrailer

liquid bulk goods liquid liquid bulk bulk

trailer trailer

dry bulk goods liquid bulk liquid bulk

By ship, Norway exports paper waste to 31* other countries than Vietnam.

Peas come from other countries.

T h e T hpea p pe ar p ey ro u y’ roeu ’ rheo l dh ionl gd i ni gn *By ship, Norway exports pulp paper to: 1. Netherlands 2. Vietnam 3. Germany 4. China 5. Denmark 6. Thailand 7. Belgium 8. Japan 9. Turkey 10. India 11. Indonesia

HISTORY

12. South Korea 13. Mexico 14. Spain 15. Taiwan 16. United States 17. France 18. South Africa 19. Sweden 20. Greece 21. Brazil 22. Austria

23. Switzerland 24. Malaysia 25. Colombia 26. Slovenia 27. Hong Kong 28. Portugal 29. Italy 30. Poland 31. Chech Republic 32. United Kingdom 33. Singapore 34. Gambia

BERGEN HARBOR

THROUGH HISTORY

or 37*

Pea containers arrives Bergen.

iyno u yr o uh ra n hd a nmd i g m h ti g he tn d e nudp ui pn

Pea containers goes to Kokstad storage with a trailer.

iVni e tVni ae m t n. a m .

1000 other vehicles conataining port everyday.

Pea containers goes to Arna Toro Factory.

Toro with peas is shipped to Toro products with peas are sold in ebery grocery store in Norway.

pass through the

containers larger than container 40’ container general cargo

By ship, Norway imports pulp paper from:

*By redacted mode of communication, Norway imports peas from:

1. Sweden 2. Brazil 3. Spain 4. Germany 5. United states 6. Denmark 7. Israel 8. United Kingdom 9. France

1. Lithuania 2. Latvia 3. Estonia 4. Denmark 5. France 6. Belgium 7. Russia 8. United Kingdom 9. Sweden 10. Guatemala 11. China

45’ container 45’ container

general general cargo cargo

IMPORT - EXPORT

PEAS AND PAPER

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

GLOBAL ROUTE

WHAT IS FOC

FROM A TO Z

12. Greece 13. Peru 14. Italy 15. Finland 16. Kenya 17. Zimbabwe 18. Germany 19. Egypt 20. New Zealand 21. Ireland 22. Netherlands

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

23. Ethiopia 24. Morocco 25. Pakistan 26. United States 27. Canada 28. Hungary 29. India 30. Zambia 31. Iran 32. Spain 34. Ukraine HABITATION

NOISE

[REDACTED]

35. Moldova 36. Australia 37. Tanzania 38. Mexico

containers smaller than 40’ larger than 20’

Legend 40’ container 40’ container

containers 40’ 40’ containers 40’ containers

Metal ores, stone, sand gravel, clay, salt, cement, lime, fertilizer, manufactured construction materials

containers 20’ steel goods 20’ containers 20’ containers steel steel

EMISSIONS

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

HISTORY

INTERWIEVS

IMPORT - EXPORT

THROUGH HISTORY

BERGEN HARBOR

PEAS AND PAPER

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

GLOBAL ROUTE

WHAT IS FOC

FROM A TO Z

ENVIRONMENTAL 20’ container 20’ container IMPACT

HABITATION

NOISE

[REDACTED]

EMISSIONS

INTERWIEVS

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

1 week

DEPARTING

if all goods came in 40 ton containers

434

573

16.964

agriculture

food

manufactured

construction

oil

What does Norway export to Lativa by ship?

out of port

October 6. Oct 6,

17:01 Bergen port 20:00 Simonsviken

Oct 8,

18:05

Tracking a random ship in Bergen harbour for 13 days

1. Crude fertilizers and crude minareals 2. Wood, lumber and cork 3. Iron and steel 4. Fish and prep thereof 5. Crude animals and vegetable materials

Oct. 12, Riga, Latvia

00:30

What does Norway import from Lativa by ship?

Oct 4, Teesbrough

00:14

1. Wood, lumber and cork 2. Feeding stuff for animals 3. Petroleum and petroleum goods 4. Vegetables and fruit 5. Cork and wood manufactures

VESSEL NAME NAOS AGE: 24 YEARS TYPE: GENERAL CARGO

Sept. 29, Moerdijk

18:05 Tracking a ship which was in Bergen port on October 6th for 13 days, from September 29th to October 12th.

unloading

TRAVEL TIME

Bergen Odda Husned Haukesund Håvik Stavanger

COMES FROM

62%

OF WHAT ARRIVES BERGEN PORT COMES FROM DOMESTIC PORTS

LEAVES FOR

86%

OF WHAT LEAVES BERGEN PORT GOES TO INTERNATIONAL PORTS

ARRIVING

3 agriculture

515

382

food

construction

manufactured

3.079 oil oil

Many routes from Bergen go to German and Dutch ports like Bremerhaven and Rotterdam first. From there, the routes go to all of the seven seas.

Legend Agricultural producs, forestry producs, fishing products

oil

HISTORY

BERGEN HARBOR

THROUGH HISTORY

IMPORT - EXPORT

PEAS AND PAPER

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

GLOBAL ROUTE

WHAT IS FOC

FROM A TO Z

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

HABITATION

NOISE

EMISSIONS

HISTORY

INTERWIEVS

Food products, beverages, tobaco and animal fodder

BERGEN HARBOR

THROUGH HISTORY

Other manufactured goods, grouped goods and other goods

Metal ores, stone, sand, gravel, clay, salt, cement, lime, fertilizer, manufactured construction materials

IMPORT - EXPORT

PEAS AND PAPER

Coal, oil and chemicals and chemical products

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

The image shows travel time from Bergen to common destinations.

BERGEN CONNECTIVITY FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

GLOBAL ROUTE

WHAT IS FOC

FROM A TO Z

FREQUENT ROUTES The image shows shipping routes with stops in Bergen offered by SEA CARGO

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

HABITATION

NOISE

EMISSIONS

INTERWIEVS

Ocean Space II [REDACTED]

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

THERE ARE OVER 50,000 MERCHANT SHIPS TRADING INTERNATIONALLY.

Port -noun

WHERE ARE THE VESSELS BUILT?

WHO OWNS MOST OF THE VESSELS?

What does Flags of convenience mean?

But why?

Why bother with that??

When a vessel is registered in a country other than the ownership

Suez Canal -

Primary shipping routs

To avoid workers rights and unions in it’s own country

To avoid regulations and some operating costs in its home country

An artificial waterway in Egypt linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.

Secondary shipping routs

And to pay less or no tax.

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

[REDACTED]

- A narrow passage of water connection two seas or two other areas of water.

MANNED BY OVER A MILLION SEAFARES, OF WICH 40% ARE FROM THE PHILIPPINES.

THE WHY GUY

Strait -noun

THE WORLD FLEET IS REGISTERED IN OVER 150 NATIONS.

- A town or city with a harbour or acces to navigable water where ships load or unload.

TANKER VESSEL

REEFER VESSEL

Designed specifically to transport liquids. - For example, chemicals and oil.

Carrys good that have to be temperatur controlled or frozen. - For example, fish, meat and alcohol.

Strait of Malacca -

The strait is the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. 50

Cash buyer -noun

Strait of Hormuz -

HISTORY

PORT OF BERGEN

THROUGH HISTORY

IMPORT - EXPORT

PEAS AND PAPER

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

WHAT IS FOC

GLOBAL ROUTE

OWNERSHIP

FROM A TO Z

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

[REDACTED]

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

400 There are fewer than

Values in USO millions

10 0

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

HISTORY

INTERWIEVS

PORT OF BERGEN

IMPORT - EXPORT

THROUGH HISTORY

PEAS AND PAPER

NORTH ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE HABITAT

Balaenoptera musculus

Habitat -noun - The natural home or environment of an animal, plant or other organism.

- A marine mammal of the order Cetacea: a whale, a dolphin, or porpoise

300 Over

Anthropogenic -noun - Something produced of caused by humans.

Pinniped -noun - A carnivorous aquatic mammal of the order Pinnipedia, such as seals or walrus.

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

beached every year

THROUGH HISTORY

IMPORT - EXPORT

PEAS AND PAPER

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

GLOBAL ROUTE

WHAT IS FOC

FROM A TO Z

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

HABITATION

NOISE

[REDACTED]

EMISSIONS

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

HISTORY

INTERWIEVS

WHAT IS FOC

GLOBAL ROUTE

OWNERSHIP

FROM A TO Z

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Panama

Pakistan

Mrashall Islands

23%

22%

HABITATION

NOISE

EMISSIONS

Panama

Pakistan

2020

INTERWIEVS

NOISE POLLUTION

homes are deteriorating and slowly dissapearing. The spaces they can occupy freely and without anthropogenic disturbance are steadily decreasing. Over the course of the shipping

industry’s rise, more animals are dying and their means of communication has altered. Collisions with vessels, beaching, net entanglement and general noise disturbance hinder their

natuarl behaviour and habitats. Multiple species and stocks are endagered and their position in the ecosystem is in jeopardy. The shipping industry has to take a large part of the blame.

KILLER WHALE HABITAT Orcinus orca

to survive reduces. An example of trying to answer to this, the north atlantic right whale has increased it’s sonar frequency in order to communcate with others of it’s kind. Other whales use their sonar to locate prey or breathing holes. Thus, if a species won’t be able increase their frequency, it could prove to be fatal.

12 sec 3 sec Sound travels about four times faster and longer per second under water. This makes communicating marine mammals simpler over longer distances, but with the steadily increasing marine traffic, their noises of communication are being dulled out.

Underwater, right next to the ship, sounds can be as loud as 170180db. The threshold for bursting your eardrums is 150db, and the threshold for (human) death is 185+ decibels. Whales and other sea animals are usually not located right next to a vessel, but they

TIME

are often located close enough for the sound to be as loud as 60 to 90 decibels. In the workplace it is mandatory to use hearing protection when the decibels exceed 85. Recommendations though, ask you to use it from around 70 db and upwards.

THE BELUGA WHALE AND THE NARWHAL Beluga whales, knows as the ”canaries of the sea”, use their vocal sounds to form groups to hunt, migrate and interact with eachother. Narwhals act in a similar manner, communicating using sonar because it is so effective in water compared to in air. A call to a mate can

The Blue Whale roams all over the world exept the arctic seas eating tonnes of krill.Blue whales are the largest species of animal to ever live on our planet and are found all over our oceans exept the arctic. Due to vessel collisions and -disturbance, entaglement, and long term climate change, all it’s stocks are seen as endagered.

U N D E R WAT E R S O U N D

FREQUENCIES Scientists have discovered a clear relationship between growth in shipping vessels out at sea and measurements of low frequency noise. This poses a problem for many marine mammals as they use low frequency sonar to locate eachother, communicate and find food. As the shipping industry grows, their ability

Reigning, as the name says, in the north of the atlantic, the North Atlantic Right Whale is one of the worlds most endangered whale species. Only about 400 whales remain. Their mortality is mostly caused by entaglement in fishing gear, collisions with vessels, and noise pollution from vessels on the surface.

reach much further than other landmammals could. In their habitats in the arctic, they are still fairly alone, little anthropocene impact. In todays climate, shipping routes aren’t particularly accessible in the Arctic Sea - yet. However, as the ice caps melt, these

routes will become more and more accessible causing a disturbance to the life of the beluga and the narwhal. The beluga require air to survive, but as noisy ships pass, they will migrate closer to the north pole. This could lead to them being trapped under the

rapid freezing ice in the fall. The free air would then be impossible to reach exept for a few holes in the ice they could find using their signals - if not disturbed. The more traffic we have in the arctic, less whales can survive, less whales will be a part of our ecosystem.

some form of human interaction. Whales crashing with an offshore vessel, whales being driven away by loud vessels, maimed whales seeking safety, and whales caught and released from fishing nets can be common causes of strandings.

BERGEN HARBOR

IMPORT - EXPORT

THROUGH HISTORY

THE PEOPLE ON THE STREET 16 SHIPS POLLUTE AS MUCH AS ALL THE CARS IN THE WORLD

Bjørn Viktor Giske Project Manager - Maintenance Planning. Kongsberg Maritime CM AS

When you think about the shipping industry, what is the first thing that comes to your mind?

What was the latest news you heard about the shipping industry?

Upcoming projects underway to develop hydrogen fuel cell technology. Design unveiled for world’s 1st compressed hydrogen ship.

Employees on strike in the north sea and the closing of an oil rig as a result of this.

Chane, development, green shipping future. High focus on sustainable solutions.

Tore Pettersen Ship broker.

When you think about the shipping industry, what is the first thing that comes to your mind?

Now profitable the transport industry ig and how sloppy the international regulations are when it comes to environmental issues.

An old fashioned, male dominated industry which is unwilling to change - in terms of environmental issues, work environment, and the methods used within the field.

What was the latest news you heard about the shipping industry?

OLD SHIP? OLD RULES

Even though the levels of pollution coming from a single ship is forced down, the total number of ships at sea is increasing. This battles the main intentions of the regulations.

A broken oil tanker outside Mauritsius

90% OF ALL SHIPS ARE BEACHED IN INDIA, PAKISTAN AND BANGLADESH

NEW SHIP? NEW RULES

As our population and consumption grows, so does

BLACK CARBON

After CO2, black carbon (BC) contributes the most to the climate impact of shipping, representing 7% of total shipping CO2-eq emissions on a 100year timescale and 21% of CO2-eq emissions on a 20-year time scale Because BC is a short-lived climate pollutant, reducing BC emissions from ships would immediately reduce shipping’s climate impacts. Even though its a short-lived pollutant, its capabilities to heat up the atmosphere is many times greater than CO2

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

Anette Pettersen Kindergarden teacher.

When you think about the shipping industry, what is the first thing that comes to your mind?

The first thing that comes to mind when I think about the shipping industry is vessel-source pollution and problems associated with enforcement of international rules and standards. This also reminds me of flags of convenience – the practice of registering ships under the flag of a State they have little or no real connection to in order to avoid various rules on taxes, qualifications for crew etc.

I think of an item I recently bought online. It was a beautiful jacket but it turned out to be too small so I gave it to my sister. What was the latest news you heard about the shipping industry? I am not sure, I think I heard something about future plans of moving the industrial harbour out of Bergen center, and that a new neighbourhood will come there. I guess that makes sense.

The latest news I heard about the shipping industry relates to Eimskip (an Icelandic shipping company) selling two vessels for scrap in India, in breach of waste laws.

VESSEL BEACHING The Norwegian Maritime Industry recently signed up to the EU Ship Recycling Regulation. These comprehensive rules dictate that ships must be recycled in an EU approved ship recycling yard, and includes harsh punishments for practices such as beaching – running a ship aground and leaving it to rot – and sinking of vessels.

Up to 95% of a ships body is made of steel which can be reused, sold and recycled. Unfortunately nine out of ten are sent to South Asia to be scrapped by the controversial beaching method. Ships are sent full force into a beach to ground it, leaving it to be dismantled by their workers - always underpaid, often underage. Manually dismantling these ships lead to an release of dangerous materials such as PCB and asbestos. These materials are both breathed in by the workers and washed into the seas by the tides. An overall incredibly polluting process that could have easily been avoided had ship owners chosen to sustainably recycle their vessels for a marginal profit over selling it to Asia for three million euros.

PEAS AND PAPER

Snjólaug Árnadóttir postdoctoral fellow and lecturer in international law.

What was the latest news you heard about the shipping industry?

One of the most important environmental aspects of shipping is what to do with the ships once they have reached the end of their life.

IMPORT - EXPORT

What was the latest news you heard about the shipping industry? -Robert Macloud no longer C.E.O of Frontline.

Sixteen tanker ships pollute as much as all the cars on the planet, all 800 million of them.

THROUGH HISTORY

What was the latest news you heard about the shipping industry?

Øystein Gunarsson Logistical counselor.

all 800 million of them

The shipping industry is world leading in efficiency. Meaning they transport the most cargo while producing the least amount of emissions. On the contrary the industry is also so big that they are the worst in terms of polluting and if ranked as a country they compete in the top FIVE.

Not only does this pollute the air we breathe, but it also disturbs the wildlife in the ocean, by producing loud noise, which either disorients them or forces them to change their way of communicating.

WHAT COMES IN AND OUT OF BERGEN

Christopher Olfasson Ship broker.

Johan Fredriksen the shipping industry. Looking at huge amounts of research and data, its hard to believe that there ever will be a good solution to this. The efficiency of ships is on the rise, while the regulations are getting stricter. Some companies are trying to develop green ships with close to zero emissions. MAERS has said they want to become a zero emission company by year XXXX, and while this sounds promising, many believe they will instead become a neutral emission company, meaning they are researching ways to “reverse” the climate impact they produce. Creating oxygen out of CO2 and so on, reversing the damage they are doing.

PEAS AND PAPER

A N D I T S C O N T R A D I C T O RY S O L U T I O N S

PORT OF BERGEN

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

2019 Foreign flags

CETACEAN STRANDING Dead or lifeless whales beach or strand in numbers every year. Some individually, others in groups. If a whale is stranded individually it is highly likely that it is of natural causes, whereas a group found stranded at a beach or shoreline might indicate

whales and dolphins are

POLLUTION

HISTORY

2018

The blue whale can be found in six of the seven seas. Only the arctic sea lacks the blue whale.

Cetacean -noun

This sound great initially step, but in the long run it really doesnt do the planet any good. Many ships can run for 20 more years, as the regulations are only forced upon new ships. Through human history the number of ships at sea has been in a steady rise.During the industrial revolution when steam and later diesel engines came into play, it increased drastically. As the ships get bigger and faster, you might think that the number of ships would go down. It doesn’t.

2017

BAS OCEAN SPACE II 2020

BLUE WHALE HABITAT

As new regulations come into place, the ship owners are forced to limit how much sulfur their ship releases or where they are allowed to use the “dirty” fuel, the fuel that emits black as night smoke from

2016 Norwegian flag

Killer whales roam most waters on our planet exept the deepest parts of the pacific

This efficency comes at a cost.

2015

[REDACTED]

Many cetaceans and pinnipeds have their natural habitats in frequently trafficked waters. Due to the ever increasing amounts of ships, and thereby, noise in these waters, their

- Environmental noise that is annoying, distracting, or physically harmful. Also called sound pollution.

2014

45%

Mrashall Islands

John Fredriksen

Net worth S 11,5 billion

HABITATS OVERLAPPING

Noise pollution -noun

3 0

Net worth S 21 billion

Liberia

Moller- Maersk

Iris Fontbona

Net worth S 17,4 billion

I live in London but go for holidays to Marbella.“

Robert Kuok

The orca has their habitats mostly in the Atlantic ocean as well as most of the southern hemisphere. Orcas, or killer whales, hunt in a wolf like pack making them very susceptible to vessel noise harming their ability to communicate with each other. All killer whales are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, and two populations of killer whales recieve special protection.

The shipping industry as a whole is the most effective way of transporting goods. Thousands of containers on a single ship whereas a truck can only carry two. If you were to transport the same amounts of cargo with a truck it would take between five and ten thousand trips with a single truck.

Liberia

Average age of vessels in the Norwegian-controlled foreign going fleet 10

The whale has it’s habitat in the northern part of the Atlantic, seen in the white spot on the map.

S-Korea

2019

Number of ships

Denmark

Germany

Singapore

South Korea

Norway

China

Greece

2013

I was born in Oslo in 1944 but have a Cypriot passport. Before abandoning my Norewegian citizenship I was Norway’s richest man.

Eubalaena glacialis

BERGEN HARBOR

Japan

,,My name is John. I own the world´s largest oil tanker fleet.

shipping vessels at sea

HISTORY

% of world total

WHERE ARE THE VESSELS SCRAPPED?

WELCOME TO OWNER ANONYMOUS

75000

left in the world

10 0

At any given time there is

North Atlantic Right Wales

-The process in which a ship is laid on a tidal mudflat. The vessel is grounded deliberately during high tide and breaking operations usually take place during low tide when the vessel is not submerged by the sea.

Net worth S 12,5 billion

EMISSIONS

Beaching -verb

-A ship that has reached the end of its operational life and is ready to be scrapped.

Net worth S 31 billion NOISE

End-of-life ship -noun

- Dry-docks are mainly used in Europe. The ship is driven to an enclosed, flooded dock, the water of which is subsequently pumped out. The ship is then dismantled piece by piece in a fully contained area, thereby minimizing the risk of environmental pollution and allowing for the use of cranes to lift heavy pieces off the ship.

60 50

Li Ka Shing

HABITATION

THE ARRIVAL OF CONTAINERS IN THE EARLY 1960´S, REVOLUTIONIZED THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY. CONTAINERS COULD BE EFFICIENTLY STACKED, ALLOWING MORE AND MORE GOODS TRANSPORTED ACROSS THE SEAS.

S-Korea

TAX ON INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES IN NATIONS WITH MOST REGISTRES FLAGS

2020

Japan

16%

HONG KONG

As an artist, do you feel obligated to inform and shine a light on environmental issues? Yeah I definitely feel that there are a lot of circumstances that have made my project more relevant but yeah it is definitely my responsibility. It would be very easy to paint a negative picture of the cruise industry as it is a very negative drain on everything it touches. But there is a culture there among the workers that is interesting and hidden from most people. So yeah I am kind of striving to capture something more realistic and more multifaceted that just cruise ships are bad, which they are. Right now I am dying to get back on a cruise ship, waiting for the industry to get back up and then at the same time I really think that they should not start up.

2019

Japan

2000

2010

1995

2020

1990

1970

1980

MARSHAL ISLANDS

Has your perspective of the world changed after you started working at sea, like understanding the scale of it? Oh yea, absolutely. I have done a lot of ocean crossings at this point. I worked at the Queen Mary Two which does the Atlantic crossing. From Africa to Australia, a lot of eights or nine day crossings. Yeah, the sea is like endless but also not. It feels like in our modern times we have reached the end of the great expands in some ways. It feels like we can limit the size of the sea very concretely in our heads.

Do you feel that your fellow students that were graduating with you now, that they are interested in environmentalism or that it is a current theme in the art scene? I think it is an issue that comes up more often, in my class there were few students that would explore the same kind of idea and there are definitely some teachers and classes that are shaped around environmental sustainability being explored through art. But there was not as much of it as I thought there might be I guess but I think it will continue to grow. Yeah, as it is a very current issue. Yes it is super relevant. My photography practice within the body of an arti institution is very literal. It is accessible to people that might find other art inaccessible, which I like. I am not purposely going after that, but it is the byproduct of working with this kind of documentary style of photography in an artistic context. I am aiming for that right now, but it might turn into something else too.

2018

Foreign flags

India

TAX ON INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES IN BIG SHIPPING OWNING NATIONS

PANAMA

Especially then two-dementionaly. Yeah, it is very deep oh my god. But in terms of two-dimensionality I think what space feels like to us is probably what the ocean felt for explorers five hundred years ago. Certainly a week is a long time to be crossing the vaters but it is also limmeting in some ways, you can actually capture the distance of it.

2017

% of world total

LIBERIA

When you are out in the open sea on these Cruise Liners, are you aware of the heavy traffic that is happening around you? Can you for example see the container ships sailing around you? Yeah, it depends on what channel we are in. I would be going out of Amsterdam going up to Norway for the summer season and we would see a lot of oil platforms in the north sea and then maybe not so many container ships but then usually crossing the Atlantic we were on a rot that is sheared with a lot of vessels so they are off pretty far on your side, but every time you would look out you would usually see one or two ships. Every time? Yea. They are either going the same way as you at a different speed or coming back. Yes there is usually some trafic around. But it really depends on where you are though. I did a world cruise and we went around Africa and because of the Suez-canal the current traffic around Africa is not very heavy but then if something happens with the Suez ore the price gets too high the ships are able to go around Africa for lot less money that going to the Suez, so then the traffic becomes heavy, so it is really interesting global sistem.

2016

Greece

25%

CHINA

1960

Merchant fleet

25%

1950

1900

Panama

NORWAY

2015

Norweigan flag

China

30%

JAPAN

Pakistan

Mrashall Islands

Liberia

S-Korea

Japan

India

78%

NORWAY

PANAMA 5000

2500

2014

Dry-docks -noun

Bangladesh

GREECE

7500

Dale Rothenberg is a newly graduated artist from the Bergen Academy of Art and Design. He was born in the USA and did his undergraduate in Jazz piano at the Oberlin Conservatory in Ohio. In february 2014 he went on his first job on a cruise ship, stepping on board in Florida after a friend had told him about the job.

Carry standard size containers - Can be up to 400m long. - Travels at very high spead, average at 21 Knot.

Average age

24%

Greece

China

Bangladesh

1800

18%

20 10

1700

% of world total

2013

Norwegian controlled foreign going fleat

INTERVIEW

India

Panama

Pakistan

Mrashall Islands

Liberia

10000

50 40

IN ITS LIFETIME, MOON AND BACK ABOUT TEN TIMES. CONTAINER VESSEL

20 10

100

ABBA

A LARGE CONTAINER SHIP TRAVELS THE DISTANCE OF THE

Top 10 ship owning nations

The Strait of Hormuz is a strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.

Norweigan controlled offshore units - by flags

-An exchange-traded fund that attempts to track the price of Crude Oil. USO invests in oil future contracts that are traded on regulated futures exchanges.

An artificial waterway connecting the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean.

30 20

United States Oil Fund (USO) - noun

Panama Canal -

BULK VESSEL Designed to carrying dry cargo. - For example, sugar, fertilizer, grains and coal. - Uses a pump to unload.

AMOUNT OF SHIPS / FREQUENCY OF COMMUNICATION

Money, money, money Must be funny In the rich man's world Money, money, money Always sunny In the rich man's world Aha aha All the things I could do If I had a little money It’s a rich man’s world It’s a rich man’s world

40%

RO-RO VESSEL Design that suits loading and unloading cargo trailers onto a ship with a ramp. - For example, cars, trucks and car carriers.

Beneficial owner -

-The Beneficial Owner (BO) is the ‘real’ owner of a ship and the company that takes all commercial decisions.

-A cash buyer is a company specialised in the trade of end-of-life vessels to beaching yards. Cash buyers pay ship owners up-front before the ship reaches its final destination and is dismantled.

WHERE ARE SHIPS REGISTRATED?

S-Korea

Japan

If you have money

India

Bangladesh

18%

10 Bangladesh

Time is money you know

30 20

Greece

% of world total

Is this legal?

Oh yes! It is a big business you can buy flags for your vessel easily

China

Why would you do that?

Because we want to get as rich as possible and we don't have time to lose money

Greece

What does that mean?

It means that you pay the workers on board very low wages and do not have to worry so much about human rights and stuff like that

China

50 4

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

WHAT IS FOC

GLOBAL ROUTE

Greenwash -verb -A form of marketing spin in which green values and green marketing are deceptively used to persuade the public that an organization’s products, aims and policies are environmentally friendly and therefore ‘better’; appeal to nature.

Antropocene -noun -The current geological age, viewed as the period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment.

OWNERSHIP

FROM A TO Z

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

HABITATION

NOISE

EMISSIONS

INTERWIEVS

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE

GLOBAL ROUTE

WHAT IS FOC

FROM A TO Z

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

HABITATION

NOISE

EMISSIONS

INTERWIEVS

Kvadraturen Kunsthåndverksted

I kvartalet som omsluttes av Prinsen Gate, Kongens Gate, Kirkegata og Tollbugata har jeg tegnet et kunsthåndverksted. Kvartalet består i dag i hovedsak av næring på bakkeplan, ellers kontorer og noe bolig i øvrige etasjer og bygningsmassene i kvartalet uten direkte kobling til gatene. Samtlige bygg i kvartalet i står i dag på gul liste, med unntak av Kongens Gate. All bygningsmasse uten fasade mot gaten, samt Kongens Gate 16, Prinsens Gate 16 og 14, og Kirkegata 19. Det nye volumet knytter seg til alle omkringliggende gater, noe som tilgjengeligjør kvartalets kjerne, som i prosjektet er en møteplass i form av utsalg, drop-in verksted, bibliotek og kafé. Programmet er kunsthåndverksted, i hovedsak tenkt for utøvende kunsthåndverkere i alle aldre. I tillegg til faste verkstedplasser har prosjektet som nevnt drop-in verksted på bakkeplan tiltenkt mindre permanente behov. I tillegg til offentlig program på bakkeplan har verkstedet en restaurant i 8. etasje, i tilknytning til en takterrase. Intensjonen min var å samle en bransje som enda ikke er synlig representert i kvadraturen. Samt å fremme og tilrettelegge for skapervilje. Prosjektet bringer noe helt nytt til kvadraturen, samtidig som det knytter seg til historiske referanser i kvartalet, som feks. Gullsemd David Andersen i Kirkegata 17. Verkstedet er tilgjengelig og synlig fra kvartalets fire sider, et viktig grep for eksponere bransjen for bylivet. Om man som utøvende ønsker å være skjermet er det plasser mot kjernen av kvartalet med mer privat karakter. Det nye verkstedet vil i noe grad ha innvirkning på kvartalets karakter, men siden de fire hjørnebyggene står igjen, vil kvartalet fortsatt ligge i konteksten som en del av kvadraturen.

Kvadraturen

Adkomst fra Prinsen gate

Før

Fjernes

Refill

Etter

P R IN S EN S G AT E

1 5

KIR KE G ATA

KO N G EN S G AT E

10 8

9 11

8 12

Å P EN T NED

L ÆR

KER A MIKK

D R EIE S KI V ER

L ÆR / KER A MIKK

LU KKED E R O M

PA U S E / M ØT E

D R IF T

H ØY E A R B EID S B O R D

1 0 P ER S O NHEIS 1 1 VA R EHEIS T O L L B U G ATA

Typisk plan

1 2 KO N T O R ER F O R U T L EIE 5

10m

KIR KE G ATA

KO N G EN S G AT E

KIR KE G ATA

10m

KO N G EN S G AT E

10m

Snitt og fasade 5

10m

Søråsjordet Campus Ås

Prosjektet fokuserte på bolig- og næringsutvikling i Ås, med utgangspunkt i forståelsen av Ås som universitetsby. I den forbindelse tegnet vi en masterplan med 500 nye bolilgenheter. Vi valgte området som strekker seg langs riksveien mellom universitetet og sentrum som mulighetsrom, og etter en analysefase landet vi på Søråsjordet som site for videre prosjektering. Vår opplevelse av Ås som by og sted, er store jordbruksareall, småhusbebyggelse og universitetsområder som tre separate strukturer. Vi utforsket muilghetene Søråsjordet tilbyr som kan knytte disse strukturene sterkere sammen, og stilte spørsmålene; Hvordan kan man bo på jordet? Kan man skape andre aktiviteter knyttet til jordbruket for å trekke folk inn? Hvordan kan man kombinere en urban livsstil med jordbruk? Vårt fokus ble å ivareta, samt tilby jordets ressurser til de som flytter til Ås. Vi mener at man kan føre jordbruket nærmere mennesker og være en del av fleres hverdagsliv. Gjennom å programmere og tilgjengelilggjøre Søråsjordet, vil man trekke folk inn i det man i dag kun kan betrakte på avstand - samtidig som man bevarer det åpne og langstrakte. I prosjektet utforsket vi uilke typer bosituasjoner med ulilke typer landbruk, samt kombinasjonen med privat og felles jordbruksareal. Ønsket vårt har vært å skape en ny plass som er besøksvennlig, og på den måten tilrettelegge for en oppelvelse av jordet i både stor og lilten skala. Vi mener at Ås som by, slik den er i dag, ikke reflekterer det rike kunnskapsnivået de innehar rundt landbruk. Gjennom å programmere Søråsjordet med boligområder, næringsområder, og aktivitetsområder tror vi at Ås vil opplelves som mer helhetilg, og at byens identitet som universitets- og landbruksby vil bli sterkere.

I sammarbeid med: Linn Domeij Karlsson og Nina Marlow 51

A B

A-A

DEX-001

DEX-001 DEX-001

B-B Masterplan

Studentboliger

Rekkehus

Leiligheter

Fireroms rekkehus over to plan. Hver enhet har omalg 200 kvm privat jord å dyrke, samt et drivhus

Toroms leiligheter på ett plan. Enhentene innenfor ett tun er sammen om å dyrke og holde jordene som omringer tunet. Mellom husene er et felles gårdsrom

Studentbolilgene har kort vei til både sentrum og campus, samt nærhet til aktivitetsområder, og sosiale studentområder. Hver enhet har tilgang på sin egen parselll lhage på 25 kvm.

Økt biologisk mangfold som skaper livsmiljø for bier og insekter*

Bedre helse, og bedre miljø for rekreasjon*

fordeler ved småskala jordbruk*

Økt biologisk mangfold som skaper livsmiljø for fugler*

Mindre produksjonssvinn*

Økt biologisk mangfold som skaper livsmiljø for fugler*

Reduserer bruken av sprøytemidler*

Økt biologisk mangfold som skaper livsmiljø for bier og insekter *

Økt biologisk mangfold som skaper livsmiljø for fugler * Mindre utslipp og anvending av industrielle hjelpemidler*

Økt biologisk mangfold som skaper livsmiljø for fugler *

Mindre utslipp og anvending av industrielle hjelpemidler *

Fordeler ved småskala jordbruk*

Høyere og mer variert utnyttelse av jordet*

Danmarksgate 24 Byboligen

Oppgaven handlet om mulighetene for nye former for boligtypologier i Osloområdet. Det overordnet programmet var å prosjektere en eksperimentell bolig i Oslo. Boligtypologiene i Oslo har lenge vært utviklerstyrt og ofte begrenset i ambisjonsnivå. Hensikten med oppgaven var å undersøke en arkitektstyrt typologi, som kan ta imot flere kontemporære boformer og sammensetting av beboere.

rom mellom husene

adkomst/passasje

modelll/illustrasjon 37

Bakkeplan

1. etasje

2. etasje

Akuttmottak Akershusstranda og Thereses gate

Dette semesteret prosjektertete vi akuttmottak for flyktninger på tildelte tomter. Hver av tomtene hadde en spesifikk tegnemetode knyttet til seg, henholdsvis plan, snitt og aksonometri. Tegnemetoden skulle benyttes som arbeidsredskap for å utvikle prosjektet, og gjennom den samme metoden skulle prosjektet presenteres. Hensikten med oppgaven var å utvikle et prosjekt der programmet, akuttmottak for flyktninger, studeres gjennom en utforskning av de arkitektoniske og konstruktive mulighetene som ligger i murale bygningsmaterialer, i stål og i tre.

Thereses gate 61

tranda Akershuss

Rom for samtale 20 handlingsrom

Plan

Snitt 65