Non-Human Social Networking: Reuse Tires Network

Non-Human Social Networking The anchor to tangible social networking with re- and upcycling materials.

Yvonne Tan Jie Yong

DIA 2018/2019 1st supervisor. Prof. Antje Buchholz + Jürgen Patzak-Poor 2nd supervisor. Prof. Sebastian Felix Ernst SUPPORT STRUCTURES 1 Master Thesis

acknowledgement

I would like to specifically thank these lovely people for their support throughout this journey; Prof. Antje Buchholz + Jürgen Patzak-Poor - for guiding me to think in broader perspectives and never lose sight of the true value of an architectural project, as it isnt about the size but the project itself.

Prof. Sebastian Felix Ernst - always inspiring and providing me great insights of how far and fun my project can go.

People from Moabit car workshops - for giving great input and value to my thesis despite their busy schedule and tolerated my broken german.

Sarah, Daphne, Paula - for providing special bestfriends support Tan’s family - for being the pillar of support. All of this wouldn’t be possible without them.

Structure support studio mates - for being the best shoulders of support

01 abstract

02

research - Nest We Grow

03

research - Moabit findings research - design

04

site strategy design proposal

05

conclusion & bibliography

1

abstract

abstract

The starting point of this research is an experimental building project features a food pavilion developed

by Berkeley University students and led by Kengo Kuma in Hokkaido, Japan. The building aims to interlock locally grown products, the processing, as well as cooking and eating as a collective experience. By that the building manifests a complex network of social and material relationships. This network can be described with the ANT (Actor-Network-Theory), which was developed by Bruno Latour and others.

With personal interest to explore the potential outcomes from current industrial by-products which can be creatively repurposed by local communities.

The project aims to form a network using recycling and upcycling materials.

2

01 abstract

02

research - Nest We Grow

03

research - Moabit findings research - design

04

site strategy design proposal

05

conclusion & bibliography

3

research - Nest We Grow

CONTEXT

NEST WE GROW, JAPAN

The Nest We Grow is an experimental project chosen to be built in conjunction to the theme of ‘Productive Garden - A space for enjoying Hokkaido with 5 senses’ in Japan. The Nest is an open public structure that intents to bring people in Taiki-cho community together with activities revolving life cycle of food. Their natural environment made up of expansive grasslands, forest and wetlands shaping villagers’ main activities like farming, fishing and other activities related to nature and the seasons. Through local produced food as non-human artefact social anchor, different actors are mobilized in and around the Nest.

research - Nest We Grow

HOKKAIDO

JAPAN

TAIKI

Fig.1: Geographical features of Taiki.

4

5

research - Nest We Grow

CONTEXT

oce

an

memu

ne ifu

pac ific

ek

r

LEGEND

Main Road

no

r

r th

ive r

Forest

Pastures

Water

Fig.2: Natural and build environment of Taiki.

Taiki-cho is a small town located in the North East of Hokkaido, Japan. The surrounding consist of single crops farms and barn houses. The Nest is located in Memu Meadow facility, a former race horse farm turned into a research facility and holy ground for experimental houses. In the open field of green field, the Nest acts as a landmark to the farmers and villagers.

research - Nest We Grow

Fig.3 & 4: Location of Nest We Grow in Memu Facility.

1. Nest We Grow 2. Memu facility residence 3. Horse stable 4. Experimental houses 5. Tents hotel 6. Restaurants & facility farm

2

5

4

1

6 3

6

7

research - Nest We Grow

UNDERLYING NETWORK

re kif

un

e

rive r

Taiki Town

re k if u ne

r

ri

ve

South of Memu

Memu Districts

Fig.5: Map of actors of a network in Nest We Grow.

The mapping of underlying network affiliated to the Nest showed the origins of the actants involved and the area of influence. The nature of the project is dependent on its’ context.

no r th

pac i

fic oce an

research - Nest We Grow

LEGEND Nest We Grow

Villagers

Farm

Fishing Port

Farmers

Smelt

Contractor

Salmon

Forest

Main Road Forest Pastures Water

8

9

research - Nest We Grow

ANT STUDY ON NEST WE GROW

Taiki

contractor Experimental houses

larch forest architect su

LIXIL of

fun

salmon smelt

gro w

jury

n desig

rt

Food

al

co

construct

ed

nd

fu

n

itio

et mp

pa

students

lt

de

d

farm

grow

co n

fishing port fishing

ed

materi

consult

Memu Facility

fund

fishermen

villagers

other greens radish carrot wheat

Nest We Grow potatoes

Fig.6: ANT mapping diagram of Nest We Grow

Using Actor -Network theory to understand; 1. the actors involved in the making of ‘Nest We Grow’ project (before and after completion) 2. local participation through non human actants and the question of permanence 3. local - context - identity 4. active participation in visitor center NWG in relation to local nnetwork

farmers

research - Nest We Grow

Borrowing the lens of ANT (Actor-Network Theory)1, we able to inquire the relationships that exist within Nest we Grow.

1. The actants3 involved (before completion and after completion) of the project.

2. The origins of the local produced food and locals activities.

3. Local produced food as non-human social anchor draws active participation from the village.

4. The integration of new network based on the existing actors2 found in the local context.

5. The design of the structure is inspired by the environment and locals skills.

6. It requires a constants participation of human actants contributing non-human actants to maintain the function of the building.

1. Actor Network Theory: A sociology methodology introduced by Bruno Latour.

He describes a network is a framework constitutes of human and non-human actors 2. Actors: An entity that is yet/not contributing or modify other entities.

3. Actants: An entity that is contributing or modify other entities.

10

11

research - Nest We Grow

INVOLVED twork ACTANTS Underlying Network Underlying Network Underlying Network Actants Actants Actants

mon elt

Ex carr carr carr

carrot radish radish radish

non human actants

radish wheat smelt smelt smelt

Experimental radish larch forest potatoes houses potatoes potatoes

salmon carrot potatoes wheat wheat wheat

carr larch f larch larch ff Memu Facility

fund

ed

ed

nd

pa

rt

smelt potatoes port farm carrot farm farm

Experimental wheat larch forest experimental port port houses port houses fund

consult

potatoes Memu facility experimental experimental experimental houses houses houses architect Memu Facility

contractor larch ff Memu Memu Memu

of

ed

co n

su

port Memu facility Architect LIXL group LIXL LIXL group group

Fig.7: Non-Human Actants

rt

gn desi

pa

farm experimental larch forest LIXL group houses

n

itio

pet

com

js foundation js js foundation foundation LIXIL of

experimental competition houses Architect Architect Architect students

fun

de

d

construct

human human human actants actants jsactants foundation

students

lt

d

rt toes

radish salmon salmon salmon

e nd fu

man ants

Underlyingsalmon Network Actants

fu

eat m ish

non human non human non human actants actants actants

jury

uman nts

Memu compe compe compe stude stude stude

Nest We

radish wheat

salmon carrot smelt potatoes farm

p

ar Grow 12 Experimental research - Nest Wecarrot radish wheat potatoes houses larchport forest experimental houses architect Memu Facility fund

ed

nd fu

ju r y

co n

ed

human actants

p

com

js foundation

pa

rt

potatoes smelt port

wheat larch forest farm experimental houses

human actants js foundation experimental farm houses LIXL group

human actants

Memu port facility Architect contractor

js foundation

Architect villagers

LIXL group competition contractor fishermen students

contractor fishermen

villagers farmers Fig.8: Human Actants

potatoes port Memu facility LIXL group

js foundation

experimental LIXL group houses competition villagers students

LIXIL of

larch forest experimental houses Architect

fun

Using Acto 1. the acto 2. local par 3. local - co 4. active pa Memu facility Architect NWG in rel fishermen

Using Actor -Network theory to und 1. the actors involved in the making 2. local participation through non hu 3. local - context - identity 4. active participation in visitor cente NWG in relation tocompetition local nnetwork Architect villagers farmers

fishermen students

fishermen

farmers

13

research - Nest We Grow

SPATIAL FORM & PROGRAM

Non-human local produced food influenced the spatial form of Nest. The spaces are organized based on the life cycle of local produced food; Growing, Harvest, Dining, Cooking and Composting.

Each activity spaces are interconnected. Ground floor and tea platform at the centre served as communal spaces. While the inter-lattice form supports structurally, it also becomes the space to grow crops and dry fish. The overall form is almost covered in order to protect and extend life shelf of food from extreme weather in Hokkaido.

research - Nest We Grow

STRUCTURE Fig.9-13: Axonometry view of Nest We Grow

14

15

research - Nest We Grow

SPATIAL FORM & PROGRAM

GROWING & HARVEST

COOKING & DINING

research - Nest We Grow

DRYING & STORING

RAINHARVESTING & COMPOSITING

16

17

research - Nest We Grow

IN SUPPORT OF

FUTURE HOUSE INNOVATION

JS Group funds to build experimental houses every year

Students from UC Berkerly college won the competition

Larch trees are abundant in Hokkaido

Timber are used for construction

LOCAL MATERIALS & TECHNIQUES

A team of students from UC Berkerly college won the competition

Adapting local techniques

research - Nest We Grow

LOCAL FISHING & FARMING ACTIVITIES

Fishing is the main activity in Taiki’s port

Locals enjoys fishing salmon as sport

Locals fish for smelts at river

Single crop farming in Taiki

Former race horse stable turned into farm by the facility

Farmer transplants crops from farm and grow them in Nest

18

19

research - Nest We Grow

IN SUPPORT OF

LOCAL FOOD TRADITION

Fishermen prepping salmon by removing guts

Salmon are preserved by hanging to dry

Smelt fishes are preserved in a net to dry

Farmer clean carrots and tied them in string

Farmer preserve carrots by hanging them to dry

Villagers gather to cook the food they have grown in Nest

research - Nest We Grow 20

LOCAL IDENTITY

Delicacies from local produced food in Taiki

Tour bus visit Memu facility to experience Taiki

People learn about Taiki and ideas about experimental houses

21

research - Nest We Grow

NEST WE GROW A

A LOCAL PRODUCED FOOD NETWORK Due to the harsh weather in Hokkaido, the structure serves as an alternative garden for the locals to extend life of their crops. In addition to that, farmers that grow singe type crops able to share their products with others. While fishermen who had caught some fishes able to prep their fishes to preserve them in the Nest. Eventually, the Nest manifest a place of exchange and interaction from growing and sharing food.

Good catch! We can preserve it in Nest later!

We are doin Architectu tour!

This area used to be race horse stable.

Let’s preserve our harvested radishes here.

I caught some smelt!

I think Taiki is famous for radish, salmon,...

Winter is coming!

We are planting these in the Nest.

Fig.14: The units of the network gravitating around Nest.

I think our food are ripe. Let’s have dinner together

research - Nest We Grow 22

AT MEMU FACILITY

ng ure

We are carrot farm!

We are potatoes farm!

We are tourists visiting Taiki for the first time!

We are radish farm!

23 research - Nest We Grow

Fig.15: Exterior view of Nest We Grow.

Fig.16: Interior view of Nest We Grow.

24

01 abstract

02

research - Nest We Grow

03

research - Moabit findings research - design

04

site strategy design proposal

05

conclusion & bibliography

25 research - Moabit findings

CONTEXT

MOABIT, BERLIN

Nest We Grow used local food produced to form a cohesive network with human actors. In Moabit, the concept of network is the elementary component of the development of an architectural project. Given a complete different context from that of case study, a potential material actor could be identified to start of a new network.

research - Moabit findings 26

GERMANY

BERLIN

Fig.17: Location map of Moabit

27 research - Moabit findings

CONTEXT

BeusselstraĂ&#x;e

REE SP

SPREE

Industrial

Residential

Speciality

Fig.18: Type of land use in Moabit.

Fig.19 (on the right) : Social background of Moabit.

Playground

Private Garden

Park

research - Moabit findings 28

Divided Neighborhood Divided Neighborhood

Di

Disconnected Built Environment

Local Local

Non Local Non Local 54% Migration Background Divided Neighborhood 54% Migration Background Divided Neighborhood

Disconnected Built Environment Berlin Senatsverwaltung take action to improve social structures in 33 Quarters.

Disconnected Built Environment

Local Local SHOP

SHOP

Non Local Non Local

Industrial District

54% Migration Background Industrial District 54% Migration Background

Berlin Senatsverwaltung take action Educational District to improve social structures in 33 Quarters. take action Berlin Senatsverwaltung

to improve social structures in 33 Quarters.

The area of study is a puzzle piece of Charlottenburg Nord, West Moabit and Charlottenburg

which consists a mixed of high density industrial and commercial buildings, with Wilhelminian residential building interspersed in between. There are many different trades in the districts ranging from beer factory, It warehouse to car automotive industry. This offers a wide range of potential industry by-products which could be used to develop a reuse network. In recent events, Moabit is campaigning ‘ Green Moabit’ to the local community. The project could receive supports from local community.

SHOP

SHOP

Industrial District

Educational District

Berl to

29 research - Moabit findings

UNDISCOVERED INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS

truction Waste

e

Construction Waste

Used Wood Glass Bottles

Used Wood

Glass

Packaging waste

Electronics

Clothes

AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP

Bicycle Parts

Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, AUTOMOTIVE oil, glass, metal scraps WORKSHOP

Bicycle Parts

Type: Services

BICYCLE Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, oil, glass, metal scraps WORKSHOP Type: Services BICYCLE Waste: Tires, tubes, WORKSHOP metal scraps, cardboard Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes,

GLASS metal scraps, cardboard WORKSHOP GLASS WORKSHOP

Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium Type: Specialist

Waste: Glass, aluminium BEER BREWERY BEER

Type: Production BREWERY Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates Type: Production Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates

WINE LOGISTIC

WINE LOGISTIC

Type: Logistic Waste: Wine bottles, plastic, cardboard, wooden crates Type: Logistic 4/28/2019

Waste: Wine bottles, plastic, cardboard, wooden crates

Caseking - Google Maps

Caseking Caseking 4/28/2019

COMPUTER WAREHOUSE

Caseking - Google Maps

Caseking Caseking

COMPUTER WAREHOUSE

Type: Sales & Service Waste: Electronic parts Type: Sales & Service Image captur e: Dec 2014

4/28/2019 Caseking

Phot o - Dec 2014

Waste: Electronic parts

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

Berliner Großmarkt - Google Maps

4/28/2019 Caseking

Phot o - Dec 2014

Berliner Gr oßmarkt

Image captur e: Dec 2014

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

Berliner Großmarkt - Google Maps

BERLIN BERLIN GROßMARKT

Berliner Gr oßmarkt

GROßMARKT

Fig.20 (above) : Undiscovered industry by-products in Moabit

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https://www.google.de/maps/place/Caseking/@52.5299027,13.3120386,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMo8DB3TJc8B-eWH7InuDqp3AXZfj7Rh2iQufyn!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googl…

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Fig.21 (below): Potential outcome from re-purposing industry by-products.

Type: Type:Sales Sales&&Service Service

Waste: waste Waste:Food, Food,packaging packaging waste

Image captur e: A ug 2018

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

Image captur e: A ug 2018

Philipp Klöckner Philipp Klöckner

Glass Bottles

Construction Waste

Glass Bottles

Used Wood

Used Wood

AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP

Type: Services Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, Waste: tubes, battery, oil, glass,Tires, metal scraps oil, glass, metal scraps

BICYCLE BICYCLE WORKSHOP WORKSHOP Type: Type:Services Services Waste: Waste:Tires, Tires, tubes, tubes, metalscraps, scraps, cardboard cardboard metal

Bicycle Parts

Bicycle Parts

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP FURNITURE FURNITURE

Hidden Industrial By-Products Phot o - AugPhot 2018o - Aug 2018

struction Waste

e

Glass Bottles

Auto parts

AUTOMOTIVE MAKER MAKER WORKSHOP

https://www.google.de/maps/place/Berliner+Großmarkt/@52.5349233,13.3216739,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMLFqunj7AzOG_I5_cMOnfpGwSiYISRIhEex3Y6!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%…

https://www.google.de/maps/place/Berliner+Großmarkt/@52.5349233,13.3216739,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMLFqunj7AzOG_I5_cMOnfpGwSiYISRIhEex3Y6!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%…

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Services The research aimsType: to explores the potential outcomes from current industrial by-products Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, which can be creatively by local communities. By-products or waste don't necessarType: Services oil, glass, metal scraps Type: repurposed Making and sales Type: Making and Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, ily end up in recycling facilities orsales landfills as they have the potential to be reconditioned and Waste: Leftover wood oil, glass, metal wood scraps Waste: Leftover repurposed into new products. Every trade produce a consistent types of by-products which can be turned into new resources to fulfill local needs without wasting on logistic cost and BICYCLE energy to processWORKSHOP them. In numerous interviews, locals have little interest and awareness towards this topic. BICYCLE How can we inspire people to take more active role in their community’s WORKSHOP future?

Type: Services Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, Waste:scraps, Tires, tubes, metal cardboard metal scraps, cardboard

GLASS GLASS WORKSHOP WORKSHOP

research - Moabit findings 30

Used tires

Furniture

Construction Waste

Glass Bottles

Used Wood

AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP

Bicycle Parts

Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, oil, glass, metal scraps

BICYCLE WORKSHOP Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, metal scraps, cardboard

GLASS WORKSHOP AUTOMOTIVE AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP WORKSHOP

Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium

Type: Services Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, battery,

AUTOMOTIVE Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, oil, glass, metal scraps WORKSHOP oil, glass, metal scraps

BEER BREWERY

Type: Services BICYCLE Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, WORKSHOP oil, BICYCLE glass, metal scraps

Type: Production Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates

WORKSHOP

Type: Services

BICYCLE Type: Waste:Services Tires, tubes, WORKSHOP Waste: Tires, tubes,

WINE LOGISTIC

metal scraps, cardboard metal scraps, cardboard

Type: Services Waste: Tires, tubes, GLASS metal scraps, cardboard

Type: Logistic Waste: Wine bottles, plastic, cardboard, wooden crates

GLASS WORKSHOP WORKSHOP

GLASS WORKSHOP

4/28/2019

Caseking - Google Maps

Type: Specialist Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium Waste: Glass, aluminium

Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium BEER

BEER ConstructionBREWERY Glass Construction Glass Waste BREWERYBottles BEER Waste Bottles

Caseking Caseking

COMPUTER WAREHOUSE

Used Used Wood Wood

Type: Production BREWERY Construction Glass Used Type: Production Waste: Beer bottles, caps, Waste crates Bottles Waste: Beer bottles, caps, Wood Type: Production crates Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates

WINE WINE LOGISTIC LOGISTIC

WINE LOGISTIC

Type: Logistic Type: Waste:Logistic Wine bottles, plastic, Waste: Winewooden bottles,crates plastic, cardboard, Type: Logistic cardboard, wooden crates Waste: Wine bottles, plastic, cardboard, wooden crates

Caseking - Google Maps Caseking - Google Maps

COMPUTER COMPUTER WAREHOUSE COMPUTER WAREHOUSE

Caseking - Google Maps

WAREHOUSE

Type: Sales & Service

Type: Sales & Service Waste: Electronic parts Type: Sales & Service Waste: Electronic Waste: Electronic partsparts

Image captur e: Dec 2014

Berliner Großmarkt - Google Maps

Image captur e: Dec 2014 Image- captur e: Dec 2014 Berliner Großmarkt Google Maps

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

Bicycle Bicycle Parts Parts

Bicycle Parts

AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP

Type: Sales & Service Waste: Electronic parts

AUTOMOTIVE Type: Services WORKSHOP

Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, Type: Services oil, glass, metal scraps Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, oil, glass, metal scraps Type: Services 4/28/2019 Caseking

Phot o - Dec 2014

3m6!1sAF1QipMo8DB3TJc8B-eWH7InuDqp3AXZfj7Rh2iQufyn!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googl…

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BICYCLE WORKSHOP BICYCLE WORKSHOP

Type: Services Waste:Services Tires, tubes, Type: metal cardboard Waste:scraps, Tires, tubes, Type: Services metal scraps, cardboard Waste: Tires, tubes, metal scraps, cardboard

GLASS WORKSHOP GLASS GLASS WORKSHOP

Image captur e: A ug 2018

Image captur e: A ug 2018

Waste: Food, packaging waste Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

Philipp Klöckner

Philipp Klöckner

Image captur e: A ug 2018

WORKSHOP

Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium

Type: Specialist Type: Specialist Waste: Glass, aluminium Waste: Glass, aluminium BEER

BEER BREWERY BEER BREWERY BREWERY Type: Production Waste: Beer bottles, caps, Type: Production Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates Waste: Beer bottles, caps, crates

crates

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

Phot o - Aug 2018 Philipp Klöckner

FURNITURE FURNITURE FURNITURE MAKER MAKER

MAKER

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Image captur e: A ug 2018

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

Philipp Klöckner Phot o - Aug 2018

FURNITURE MAKER

https://www.google.de/maps/place/Berliner+Großmarkt/@52.5349233,13.3216739,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMLFqunj7AzOG_I5_cMOnfpGwSiYISRIhEex3Y6!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%…

Phot o - Aug 2018

Phot o - Aug 2018

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Type: Sales & Service Waste: Food, packaging waste

BICYCLE WORKSHOP

Type: Production

Type: Sales & Service Type: Sales & Service Type: Sales & packaging Service Waste: Food, Waste: Food, packaging wastewaste

BERLIN GROßMARKT

https://www.google.de/maps/place/Caseking/@52.5299027,13.3120386,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMo8DB3TJc8B-eWH7InuDqp3AXZfj7Rh2iQufyn!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googl…

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

BERLIN

Berliner Großmarkt - Google Maps

Waste: Tires, tubes, battery, oil, glass, metal scraps

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

BERLIN BERLIN GROßMARKT GROßMARKT GROßMARKT

Images ma y be subject t o cop yright.

Berliner Gr oßmarkt

Berliner Großmarkt - Google Maps

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Image captur e: Dec 2014

WINE

WINE LOGISTIC WINE LOGISTIC

LOGISTIC

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Type: Making and sales Waste: Leftover wood

31

research - Moabit findings

By-products or waste don’t necessarily end up in recycling facilities or landfills as they have the potential to be reconditioned and repurposed into new products. Every trade produce consistent types of by-products which can be turned into new resources to fulfil local needs without wasting on logistic cost and energy to process them.

AUTOMOTIVE TRADES IN MOABIT One of the popular trades in Moabit is automotive trade which includes car repair, reselling parts and tire change.

Car batteries, windshield, tires, oil and steel parts are example of the by-products. Fig.22 showed how are each of these by-products are disposed. Among them, tire is one of the highest waste produced in Moabit. The next part of research will tap onto the material and social relationship involving tires.

research - Moabit findings 32

Automotive trade waste in Moabit Municipal Waste Recycler (BSR)

Specialized Recycler

Manufacturer

Recycling agents

e

ke ta

Reuse (tons)

https://www.bsr.de/recyclinghoefe-20503.php

Fig.22: Examples of by-products produced from automotive trade.

e

Recycling (tons)

fre

Car Workshops

/pie

/kg

€ 1.3

By-products

€ 2.6 ce

free

ba

ck

fre

33 research - Moabit findings

EXISTING USED TIRES NETWORK IN MOABIT

Household waste only

In Berlin, industrial waste are separated from household waste. BSR in general does not offer collection service for used tires.

Repair car workshop owners has to hire a third party bodies to collect their used tires and sent to recycling yard who accepts them. Some of these workshops aren’t able to keep up with the constant growing load of tires and face overcrowding problems within their premises. In other part of Moabit, tires were found disposed illegally.

Used tires represent a huge waste problem in the area. On the other hand, there are community who uses tires in their creative projects as furniture, planting pot and even as playground elements in kindergarten.

Green thumbs

Upcycling youth Illegal disposal Overcrowding of tires

Fig.23: Focus map showing how local utilize used tires in Moabit.

research - Moabit findings 34

Playground elements

Upcycling artist

Upcycler enthusiast

To tires recycling yard

35 research - Moabit findings

EXISTING CAR WORKSHOPS Workshop A: Automobile Lackiererei CAR REPAIR WORKSHOP

Workshop B: KFZ Meisterbetriebe MOTOR SPECIALISTS Alexatos

- Hidden from street - No waiting area - Quiet area

-

Mixed car specialization A lot of litter Limited storage space Poor work relationship No toilets No waiting area

USED TIRES There are many car workshops in Moabit, which also means a lot of used tires are produced everyday. Few car workshop are facing overcrowding tires problem as it has grown over their storage capacity. There is no doubt that other workshop’s storage will soon be facing the same problems. Therefore, used tires will be the material of focus of the new network.

relative quantity of used tires per week

CAR WORKSHOP Car workshop customers leave their used tires in car workshop after purchasing a new one. Hence, it is an ideal location to test out the new reuse network as there exist a consistent source of material to the new network. Spaces within car workshop premise will be the area of intervention to serve other car workshops. Different conditions of workshops are examined to scale the demand of the new network.

SIte

Fig.24: Focus map showing location of existing car workshops.

research - Moabit findings 36

Workshops C: Becker & Beckmann GmbH CAR SPECIALISTS

Workshops D: Atelier GmbH VINTAGEAutomobile CAR WORKSHOPS

Workshop E: HCD Hybrid &Car Service CAR SERVICE REPAIR WORKSHOP Gmbh

-

-

- Hidden from street - Small waiting area - Underground workshop

Multiple car service workshops Many carpark bays Busy operation No waiting area

& GALLERY

Multiple car brands workshops Busy public space Integrate with cafe Near playground and kindergarten

37 research - Moabit findings Fig.25: Spatial analysis of different workshops and its storage

WORKSHOP WORKSHOPS

PLAN PLAN

ACCES ACCES

Workshop D Atelier Automobile GmbH

Trade: Alfa Romeo car specialist

x occasional x3

3m 2

Workshop E Name: HCS Hybrid Car Service GmbH

b

Trade : Car Workshop

x 16/day x6

25m 2

Workshop B Name: KFZ Meisterbetriebe Alexatos

workshop

Trade: Mixed car specialist

x 5/day x2

18m 2 18m 2 18m 2

Workshop B

office

Name: Willi KrĂźger GmbH Trade: Tires specialist

storage x 30/day

x 20 230m

2

storage

research - Moabit findings 38

SSIBILITY SSIBILITY

CONFIGURATION CONFIGURATION

ARRANGEMENT ARRANGEMENT

workshop

basement workshop

office

basement workshop

workshop

workshop

p

worksho

office workshop

workshop

39 research - Moabit findings

Different workshops are studied in terms of its accessibility, storage location, configuration and different ways of tire arrangement. Tires are usually stored inside of a car workshop or in an outdoor shed for a minimum of 2 weeks. Depending on available storage spaces and quantity of tires produced in each workshop, they could be stored on a shelf till its due. However, in some other workshops where storage size are limited, tires are left stacking on the floor and eventually blocked its circulation access. In one of the workshop, tires were even found filling in the gap between walls. Due to poor management and overcrowding of tires, the relationship between workers in the area were threatened as well.

Storing conditions of tires

AGE CAR WORKSHOPS LLERY

Storing conditions of tires

TIRE STORAGE CONDITIONS Fig.26: Different storing condition of tires in car workshops.

CAR SERVICE & REPAIR WORKSHOP

iple car brands workshops public space grate with cafe r playground and kindergarten

- Hidden from street - Small waiting area - Underground workshop

Workshop E Storing conditions of tires

CAR SPECIALISTS -

Multiple car service workshops Many carpark bays Busy operation No waiting area

VINTAGE CAR WORKSHOPS & GALLERY -

Multiple car brands workshops Busy public space Integrate with cafe Near playground and kindergarten

Workshop D

Workshop B

Workshop B

research - Moabit findings 40

CAR SERVICE & REPAIR WORKSHOP - Hidden from street - Small waiting area - Underground workshop

41

research - Moabit findings

PROGRAM

Illegal disposal

tire manufacturer

car workshops

consumer

12 weeks of storage

recycling

Inspire community project

$

resale to secondhand users

Repurpose customers old tires into new products

storing tires for next season use

playgroun rubber

Fig.27: The trail of used tires in Moabit and the new proposed network..

nd

research - Moabit findings 42

landfill

hired tire collector

recycling yard in Berlin

re-use

recycling plant

retreading

chips

powder

steel wire

fuel for cement kiln

crumbling process

tire mat

new tire

road additive

used tires export to other countries

43 research - Moabit findings

PROGRAM

REUSE TIRE NETWORK

Fig.27 illustrates the journey of used tires leaving the car workshop to be recycled or exported which involved many actors and a lot of energy to recycle them.

Although there are locals and resident artist in the area have shown interest in re-purposing by-products, the up-cycling concept and process still requires time, energy and attention that still isn’t as prevalent in local societies today.

Therefore, the project aims to create a Reuse Tire Network (RTN) as part of a car workshop to reuse and recycle used tires. RTN connects used tires in the area to local community of creative and enthusiasts who share the same passions and interests in the concept and practice of upcycling to start a social enterprise which aims to make a business out by collecting tires, second-hand tire resale and recycling in order to support the craft of re-purposing tires.

research - Moabit findings 44

CAR ENTERPRISES & WORKERS - Car workshop owner who are interested in tire resale business - Car enterprises who want to dispose their used tires - Workers who need social space outside working hours

REUSE TIRE NETWORK

WORKSHOP CUSTOMERS - Car workshop is a busy place with a lot of customers waiting for their cars to be repaired.

SOCIAL ENTERPRISE - local community of artist, makers, refugee and teacher who are interested to make a business from collecting tires, making tire craft and recycling tires.

Fig.28: Different user groups in Reuse Tire Network.

45 research - design

CASE STUDY

BALI & BEYOND, INDONESIA

While there are thousand of used tires produced everyday, there are some entrepreneurs that turn waste into re-usable goods. Bali & Beyond is an online shopping platform that sell local craft products made in Indonesia. One of their craft are furniture made from collected used tires in Bali. The process of turning these tires into craft took place in a small hut with 2-3 workers. This case study examine the process of upcycling and its spatial requirements of an upcycling craft workshop.

research - design 46

Fig.29: A affiliated tire craft factory in Java, Indonesia

Fig.30: Re-purposing tires in different complexity

47 research - design

1 2

ACP

4 7 6

5

ACP

Fig. 31 & 32: Example of upcycling craft production layout of a craft factory in Java, Indonesia.

1. Raw material storage 2. Processed material storage 3. Cleaning station 4. Workspaces 5. Surface treatment 6. Toilet 7. Drying area

Workshop

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

Raw material storage Processed material storage Cleaning station Workspaces

5.

6.

7.

Surface Treatment Toilet Drying

research - design 48

1 2

4 7 6

3

5

Note: Linear assembly The spaces within the workshop are planned based on a linear process which is parallel to material flow starting from collection, storage, production, post production to delivery. Loading bay in the 1.

Raw material storage Pre-finished storage consisting only workshop is always accessible to the storage. Inside5. the workshop, the workspaces 2.

Processed material storage 6.

Finished product storage partially enclosed partitioning which allows unobstructed flow of material between storage, producCleaning station 7. Resting area tion3.workshop and post production spaces.

4.

Workspace

6

1 4

4

2

8

49 research - design

MATERIAL FLOW

COLLECT

STORING

PRODUCTION

POST PRODUCTION

DELIVERY

Fig. 33: Basic structure of production process in an upcycling workshop.

RECYCLING

RE-SALE

UPCYCLING

cleaning

storing

craft making (production)

recycling (production)

post production

post production

storing

collection

sorting

storing

delivery

material flow Fig. 34: New structure of combined processes in RTN..

Reuse tire network (RTN) consists of 3 main processes; tire recycling, tire re-selling, and tire upcycling which shares the same material source. Therefore, the new structure of RTN is a combined processes in parallel to material flow. The final structure of RTN showed above will be used as a guide for spatial planning.

50

01 abstract

02

research - Nest We Grow

03

research - Moabit findings research - design

04

site strategy design proposal

05

conclusion & bibliography

51

design proposal

SITE CONTEXT

car workshops

car tire

car repair workshops mixed car workshops

sex kino

sex kino

Fig. 35: SIte plan with existing local car workshops

CAR WORKSHOPS COMMUNITY This selected workshop for the new area consist a clustered of car workshops including few specialized car workshop, tire retail shop, car repair shops and other businesses like Sex kino and Imbiss. The workers in the area are pressured as the spaces are occupied by used tires and the premise are devaluing due to overcrowding of tires. This calls for a network to connect the demand to rid of the used tires and a platform for upcycling industries.

design proposal 52

e workshop

hop

orks

car w

imbiss

RE-ESTABLISHING CORNER To reveal the new network , the corner in this area is chosen as it is strategically located opposite of the beautiful Spree canal and the promenade. The location is easily noticed by passerby. Currently, the corner is occupied by a single storey car repair workshop which has been a weak link to the other corner buildings. The new network will re-establish itself as the new link to the area and with stronger networking to the neighborhood.

53 design proposal

SITE QUALITIES

Large & bold signage

Stand out roof shape

design proposal 54

REUSE TIRE NETWORK

Large & bold signage

Graphical billboard

Fig. 36: DIfferent form of advertisements along Quedinburgerstrasse.

Fig. 37: SIte surroundings.

55 design proposal

MASSING

Hidden corner

Weak link

Stronger link

Fig. 38: Re-establish corner link

design proposal 56

Site buildings roof profile

Fig. 39: Massing development

condensed

tapered 1

reveal process

tapered 2

uniform

tapered 3

tapered 1

tapered 4

57 design proposal

4

3

1

Fig 40. : Immediate surrounding of the new network 1. REUSE TIRE NETWORK (RTN) 2. Tire shop 3. Specialized car workshops 4. Car repair workshop

2

design proposal 58

REUSE TIRE NETWORK Reuse tire network is part of the car workshop to reuse and recycle used tires from workshop customers , connecting locals needs to overcrowding tires. The project aims to create a visible network of material (tires) by revealing the processes and inclusive of collective activities revolving tires.

RTN is designed as an elongated body sits along the perimeter of the corner with the facade facing the street, road junction and the canal, exhibiting the recycling process and sorting to the street. Meanwhile, the logistics and services spaces are facing the workshops area.

To adapt, the envelope of the building referencing from the surrounding roof pitches. The pitch of the roof is lower at both ends and gradually ascends towards the centre. The final form of the building is a unique landscape element that looks like part of the canal and surrounding building.

59 design proposal

residential

Fig.41: Overall site elevation along Quedinburgerstrasse.

Fig. 42: Site elevation in relation to the canal.

car repair workshop

specialized car workshop

design proposal 60

reuse tire network

spree canal

One of strategy to inform the public the identity of a building as seen on Quedinburgerstrasse is through the process of recycling and tire as building material on the facade. The building attracts the attention of onlookers from the street and the canal with its moving process of recycling and people dropping the tires on or into the facade.

61

design proposal

STRUCTURE & MATERIALITY

aluminium metal seam roof

steel truss

steel skeleton

tire chips concrete panels

overall structure

cconcrete foundation

Fig. 43: Axonometry of RTN structure.

design proposal 62

RTN consist of a partially sunken concrete foundation with steel structure as skeleton. Steel framing is a structure of choice as it allows long spanning distance and free up the space below for large recycling machines.

The frame is cladded with special lightweight tire chips concrete panels as a feature where tire chips are visible on the skin of the building.

63 design proposal

Fig. 44: Impression image of concrete tire chips.

TIRE CHIPS CONCRETE Many researches has proven that replacing aggregates with tire chips in concrete reduced its weight and better workability than normal concrete (Chandra Bora, 2010). Due to its low compression strength, hence it is more suitable to be used as lightweight element and foundation.

The facade of the RTN features lightweight concrete panels that are made from tire recycled in RTN itself.

This also promotes sustainability where used tires are crushed to be used as building material. The quality of the mixed offers a unique appearance on the facade.

design proposal 64

tire chips concrete panel rigid insulation gypsum board

composite concrete deck

Halfen channel cast in concrete panel

metal pin

steel column and beams

Fig. 45: General section of facade cladding using tire chips concrete panels

65 design proposal

PROGRAM & PROCESS

furniture

pet’s bed

rubber chips Kitchen

powder

Upcycle workshop

Recycling Street

steel wire

Fig. 46: A sectional view of RTN showing process derivated spaces.

Lounge

Second-hand shop

design proposal 66

Collect > Reuse > Recycle > Upcycle > Connect The network consists of 3 main processes; recycling, upcycling and reselling of used tires. The combined processes requires spaces for drop off/collection, sorting, storing, production, post production and delivery. These spaces are planned in parallel to the material flow. As each processes have different spatial requirements, they are separated on different levels but also share common spaces like material station, goods lift and social spaces.

Teaching workshop

Drop-off

Sorting

Existing car workshop

67 design proposal

Fig.47 : Material actors and human actors

from other car workshops

design proposal 68

car workshops workers used tires

pedestrians

69 design proposal

FLOOR PLANS freights lift (transporting goods to loading bay) media explaining ‘how tires are re-use’

9

tire re-selling retail

8

gallery of upcycled products

10

1

freights lift (transporting used tires for re-selling and upcycling)

Fig. 49 a: First floor mezzanine floor plan

freights lift (transporting goods to loading bay)

1

drop off station 2

automatic recycling activity

8

manual recycling activity

sorting

3 6

7 5

Fig. 48 a: Ground floor plan

4

freights lift (transporting used tires for re-selling and upcycling)

design proposal 70

legend 1. lobby 2. tires pit 3. sorting area 4. manual recycling 5. automatic recycling 6. storage 7. toilet 8. loading bay & parking spaces 9. secondhand tire retail/ gallery/media corner 10. reception

Fig. 49 b: First floor mezzanine floor plan

Fig.48 b : First floor mezzanine floor plan

71

design proposal

9 6

social activites

11 10

8

Fig 51a: Third floor plan

freights lift (transporting goods to loading bay)

public upcycling workshop

6

5

4

6

7

3 1

2

Fig. 50 a: Second floor plan

upcycling activity

freights lift (transporting used tires for re-selling and upcycling)

design proposal 72

legend 1. material station 2. upcycle workshop 3. office 4. wet room 5. post produaction storage 6. toilet 7. teaching workshop 8. lounge 9. meeting room 10. kitchen 11. patio

Fig.51 b: Third floor plan

Fig.50 b: Second floor plan

73 design proposal

SPATIAL

Fig.52: Drop off area at the entrance.

TIRE DROP-OFF

Fig.53: Main group sizes of tires..

d: 850mm

d: 750mm

d: 650mm

d: 550mm

The facade of the building features of vary sizes of slots for the locals and the enterprise to drop off used tires.

The collection was is made accessible from pedestrians level and it continues to the lobby area. The openings on the walls are adapted from usual habits of locals sliding in tires in between the walls.

design proposal 74

Fig.54: Visitor watching the process from the lobby

SORTING STATION As tires passing through the wall, it will fall into the pit through a roller surface. The staff will then sort the tires and delegate the tires to be delivered to different area according to usage; recycling, second-hand resale or upcycling.

75 design proposal

Fig.55: Visitor watching the process from the street level.

RECYCLING GALLERY The process of recycling area is showcased as continuous street gallery showing in sequence from a whole tire block to powdery form. The production area is lower than street level which enable pedestrians to have an overall view of the process.

design proposal 76

77 design proposal

lounge

tire info corner

teaching workshop

second-hand tire reception

Fig.56: New hangout area for workers from nearby workshop.

COLLECTIVE ACTIVITIES The mezzanine level is an hangout area where locals are socially connected while performing activities such as purchasing second-hand tires, dropping off used tires, buying tire craft products or on the way attending upcycling workshop.

shared parking spaces

design proposal 78

Fig.57: Flexible production configuration with slide-able shelf.

UPCYCLING WORKSHOP On upcycling production floor, the workspaces are separated from other service spaces to free up the floor for production line. In order to cater for ever-changing operation, the floor is equipped with movable wall shelf which allow assembly line to be reconfigured based on their needs. possible workspace layout

79 design proposal

REUSE TIRE NETWORK The project sits on the corner of a block next to the river Spree. It stands out because of its unusual facade. The facade is made of concrete mixed with tire chips that are produced in RTN itself. At the same time, the facade provides insights into the process of the recycling process. Even when the night falls, RTN continues to operate as a gallery showcasing the machines, and locals are seen to drop off their used tires through the walls. Through this project the recycling process and products become a visble and integral part of the city.

design proposal 80

81

82

CONCLUSION

Throughout the thesis, I have learned how non-human material could set a base for an architectural project. Almost all material around us are possibly connected to a larger network. The initial point of interest was due to a series of unpretty sights at Moabit street where waste could be found in every corner. This has motivates me to investigate the underlying network of the waste. Eventually, this led to the start of Reuse Tire Network. While most architectural focus are people, it is interesting to see that how non-human material could manifest spatial and social relationships

83

84

BIBLIOGRAPHY

L, D. (2007, March 23). Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Retrieved from https://www.learning-theories. com/actor-network-theory-ant.html Yaneva, A. (2009). Making the social hold: Towards an Actor-Network Theory of Design. Design and Culture .

Yaneva, A. (2016). Mapping controvesies in architecture. London: Routledge.

Bruno Latour, A. Y. (2018). Give a gun and I will make all buildings move. Ardeth, 102-111.

Stadtentwicklung, S. f. (2004). The neighborhood fund. Berlin: Sauer Druck und Werbung.

Stadtentwicklung, S. f. (2006). Neue Chancen für 33 Kieze - Quartiersmanagement in Berlin. Retrieved from https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/wohnen/quartiersmanagement/download/flyer_qm_100706_teil1.pdf Berlin, Q. (2019). Moabit West/ Beusselstraße. Retrieved from https://www.quartiersmanagement-berlin.de/quartiere/moabit-west-beusselstrasse/print.html Chandra Bora, M. (2010, December). Sustainable Concrete with Scrap Tyre Aggregate. Retrieved from NBM&CW: https://www.nbmcw.com/tech-articles/concrete/20090-sustainable-concrete-with-scrap-tyre-aggregate.html Recyclinghöfe. (2019). Retrieved from BSR: https://www.bsr.de/recyclinghoefe-20503.php