Tino Explore - Issue 4

EXPLORE Build-A-Baby?

Read about how new technology allows for babies to be genetically modified

The Tesla Roadster Read about the plans for the new tesla. It will be able to hover.

... HOVERING TESLA ... BUILD-A-BABY? ... HYDROPOWER

CONTENTS

TABLE OF

3-4 5-6 7-8 9-11 12-13 14 15 16-17

... CLIMATE CHANGE ... BREAKTHROUGHS IN TECH ... SCIENCE CREATORS ... EDUCATE A GIRL ... SPIDERS & LASERS / HUMAN EGGS MATURE IN LAB

Hovering Tesla Roadstar Written By: Amidala Geetaumesh Designed By: Aarushi Singh

It’s no surprise that Elon Musk is ready to make his crazy ideas come to a reality.

From flamethrowers to attempting to place an electric car on Mars, Elon Musk’s inventions coming a step closer to the manifestation an ordinary car user’s ultimate dream: a flying car.

The CEO claims the new Roadstar exhibits mindboggling features Tesla is notorious for.

Ranging up to 620 miles per hour, the Roadstar can gain speed from 0 mph to 60 mph in just 1.9 seconds. The electric boasts 200 kWh battery pack and a luxurious interior finish.

According to Musk himself, the Roadstar will hover slightly over the ground using cold air thrusters that, when coupled with the powerful battery pack, allow the car to “dramatically improve acceleration, top speed, braking and cornering.”

Expected to come out in 2020, the Roadstar has brought much attention to the new technology it uses in order to enhance the driving experience.

However, it is very possible these features, including hovering, may be just speculations. The design of the new car is very likely to change as concrete facts haven’t been released yet.

But car lovers can dream. His online Tweets confirm that he is not joking and the 2 backseats of the Roadstar will be replaced with the thrusters. In fact, Musk says that the research they have put into the thrusters may allow Tesla cars in the future to fly. With the possibility of flying cars in the upcoming decades, the futuristic people had envisioned may soon come true.

WRITTEN BY: ANKITA JAIN

BUILD-A-BABY? Designed By: Aarushi Singh

Science is always advancing around us.

Every day, every minute, an idea nobody would have thought of before is being developed. In November 2018, a surprising and controversial discovery was made in the field of biology, and this discovery left several researchers with their jaws hanging open. In Hong Kong, China, a researcher created the world’s first ever genetically edited babies, and has sparked various responses to this un-thought of creation.

This discovery has had plenty of researchers based in the United States strongly advocate that this creation is immoral and is nothing short of meddling with nature itself. Many researchers fear that genetically coding for traits in a baby may result in the loss of certain genes from a gene pool, thereby reducing genetic and phenotypic variation in a population.

One logical argument that many researchers voice is the lack of morals this practice entails. Many are worried that people will misuse this technology to create the perfect artificial baby. Selecting for certain traits such as a high level of intelligence, a high levels of athleticism, etc. to create the ideal baby will only increase levels of competition in our already competitive society. The researcher credited with this discovery, He Jiankui, however, states that his intent was to provide couples who were willing to invest in his technology with an opportunity to prevent any diseases he sees their child is prone to inheriting or developing.

While he had the right intentions of creating two identical babies with the CRISPR-CAS9 technology, Jiankui ended up spurring tensions between researchers all across the globe.

It’s “unconscionable ... an experiment on human beings that is not morally or ethically defensible,” said Dr. Kiran Musunuru, an expert of gene editing at the University of Pennsylvania.

Even though researchers debate in heated arguments regarding the moral basis of this practice, in the end, it’s our society that benefits off of the advancements made by researchers like Jiankui who want to move our world of science forward.

Hydropower

Powered by Water

While climate change can be affected by various activities, scientists have discovered that there is a greater than 95% chance that climate change is a result of human activities. Due to more advanced technologies and Earth-orbiting satellites, scientists are able to collect more data about our planet and its climate.

Many instruments used by NASA are based on the effect that carbon dioxide and other gases have on the transfer of infrared energy throughout the atmosphere. In doing so, scientists established that greenhouse gases is the why the Earth is warm. Ice from

2009

Greenland, Antarctica and tropical mountain glaciers display how the Earth’s climate changes in response to the change in levels of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, evidence from tree rings, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks reveal that currently, global warming occurs ten times faster than the average rate required to recover from the ice age, also known as ice-age recovery warming.

Throughout the past years scientist collected compelling evidence for rapid climate change through the rise in global temperature, temperature of oceans, shrinking ice sheets, decreased snow cover, and the rise of sea level.

2015

Columbia Glacier in 2009 and in 2015. Image by James Balog https://www.sciencealert.com/climate-scientists-release-unretouched-photos-of-glaciers-100-years-ago-vs-today

Since the 19th century the global temperature has increased by 1.1 degrees Celsius due to the increase in carbon dioxide and other human activities. Most of the increase in temperature occured in the past 35 years, and the record for the warmest year is 2016. Furthermore, about 2,300 ft into the ocean, the temperature of the bodies of water has also increased by 0.302 degrees Fahrenheit due to the increase in global temperature. The effect climate change has on water also plays a major role in a decrease of ice.. The permanent layers of ice, ice sheets, that cover Greenland and Antarctica have slowly decreased in mass. NASA

performed an experiment, Gravity Recovery and Climate experiment, to collect data on the mass of ice sheets. They discovered that the ice sheets in Greenland have lost about 150 to 250 cubic kilometers of ice. While in Antarctica, there has been a loss of about 150 cubic kilometers of ice, which is actually 36 to 60 cubic miles. The satellite observations that were taken by NASA reveal that the snow that usually covers the Northern Hemisphere has significantly decreased in mass over the past five years. In response to the melting of glaciers, the sea level has rose noticeably high. In fact, it has risen by at least eight inches in just the past century.

The heat resulting from climate change results in a warmer weather that is higher than normal and also alters ice. Climate change ​Damaged Coral due to Carbon in Water causes​ ​heat waves to become more common and the oceans are also getting hotter due to the fact that the oceans absorb 90% of the heat from the climate.

Furthermore, a third of the carbon emissions end up in the bodies of water causing the ocean water to turn more acidic. Which in turn affects the many creatures whose natural habitat is the ocean. Not only does climate change affect the weather, but it also affects the lives of many humans. Climate change is a major threat to agriculture. Climate plays a major role in where, how, and when people grow food. With these abnormal shifts in climate, many are struggling to grow crops to produce​ ​food. Additionally, Climate change also deeply​ ​affects the atmosphere in which humans breathe in. The warm atmosphere affects ​From Hall-Spencer http://www.teachoceanscience.net what is known as the ground level - ozone layer, also known as smog. Smog causes irritation in the lungs and also triggers asthma​ ​attacks. Not only humans are affected by the warmer Drought Causes Food Crisis in Guatemala, 2015 ​climate, animals are also https://www.voanews.com/a/drought-causes-food-crisis-nearly-one-million-guatemala/2919009.html ​deeply affected. Due to climate change, many animals natural habitats are being destroyed. As ice starts to slowly melt away many creatures who are dependent upon ice start

struggling to survive. Also, trees began to weaken due to the prolonged drought and many tree-killing insects are able to survive in the humid temperature.

The loss of agriculture, natural habitats being destroyed, temperatures increasing, and glaciers melting are all created by climate change. However, the main cause of climate change is human activities. Many should be aware of the damages that certain actions cause to the environment. Many communities have the responsibility to look after the environment that they live in to create a safe and healthy environment. Many need to change their daily life styles to reverse the effects of climate change.

Links: https://www.edf.org/climate/how-climate-change-plunders-planet https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/

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Educate a Girl, Educate a Generation By: Ankita Jain and Sahiti Yeturu

Spiders and Lasers By: Amidala Geetaumesh

Human Eggs Mature in Lab By: Caroline Sun