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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks Published by: Wick Publications

Retirement. How do you get there? Sharon Opdahl, Agent Sharon 2534 17thOpdahl Avenue South Grand Forks, ND 58201 Agent Bus: 701-746-0495

Your good neighbor has a roadmap just for you. Does planning for your sharonopdahl.com 2534 17th Ave. S. • Suite F retirement leave you feeling Grand Forks, ND 58201 a bit lost? I can get you headed in the right direction. 701-746-0495 Like a good neighbor, sharonopdahl.com State Farm is there. CALL ME TODAY. ®

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ESKIMO PIE by Janet Spencer

On January 24, 1922, Christian Nelson was issued a patent for the world's first Eskimo Pie. Come along with Tidbits as we consider the impact the Eskimo Pie has had on society! A NEW TREAT • Christian Nelson operated a candy store and ice cream shop in Iowa. One day a boy couldn’t decide whether to buy a candy bar or ice cream. That made Christian wonder why you couldn’t combine both. • Experimenting, he found that cocoa butter would glue chocolate covering to a disk of ice cream. He called it the 'I-Scream Bar.' • In 1922 he went to a man named Russell who managed the Graham Ice Cream Company, who paid half the cost of a patent for half the profits. Russell’s wife suggested the name Eskimo Pie for the product. Each Eskimo Pie was wrapped in tin foil. • When the product hit the market, it caused a frenzy, selling a million a day. The company became the biggest consumer of tin foil in the nation. To meet demand, they licensed dairies to make the product in exchange for a royalty, but some dairies failed to pay royalties while others infringed on the patent. WANT TO RUN YOUR OWN BUSINESS? Publish a

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5. What is the capital of New Hampshire? 6. Where was President Lyndon B. Johnson sworn into office? 7. What was the name of Roy Hobbs’ baseball bat in the movie “The Natural”? 8. Who is credited with inventing blue jeans? 9. In what fictional city does the soap opera “All My Children” take place?

1. What flavor of ice cream consistenly out-sells all others? 2. Neapolitan ice cream was named after this Italian city, where it originated, designed to imitate the national flag? 3. What country consumes the most ice cream per capita? 4. What is Hagrid’s first name in the Harry Potter book series?

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ESKIMO PIE (continued): • In 1929 a judge ruled that it was not something that could be patented anyway. A demoralized Russell sold his part of the company and used the money to start his own candy company. Christian Nelson sold his part of the company to the tin foil firm that made the wrappers, but continued to work for them. He died a wealthy man in 1992 at the age of 99. Meanwhile… RUSSELL'S CHOCOLATE • After Christian Nelson's partner Russell sold his share of the Eskimo Pie company for $25,000, Russell moved with his wife Clara to Denver, Colorado. • In the basement of their home, they set up a candy-making shop, determined to produce the highest-quality chocolates they could. They hand-dipped their chocolates, resisting the move to automatic machine-dipping because hand-dipping resulted in a thicker layer of chocolate. • On their first day of business in December of 1923, they sold 120 lbs. of chocolate, netting $90 profit. A year later, they had five stores throughout Denver and employed 30 people in the basement of their home. Their candy company became particularly well-known for selling chocolates in heart-shaped boxes for Valentine’s Day.

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• When Russell died in 1954, Clara kept the company running. In 1960 she sold the business to her good friend Louis Ward, who supplied her with their heart-shaped boxes. He developed the business until it was the third largest American chocolate manufacturer, behind Hershey and Mars. Eventually over 60% of boxed chocolates came from this company, which still carries the name of the company founder. What's it called? Answer at top of next text page.

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Answer: Russell Stover. A NEW FOIL • Richard Samuel was the nephew of Richard Joshua. Uncle Richard Joshua was a tobacco baron, and nephew Richard Samuel worked for him. At the time, cigarettes were wrapped in foil made from a mixture of tin and lead. As the demand for cigarettes increased, so did demand for tin foil, and it was constantly in short supply. • In 1919 nephew Richard Samuel borrowed $100,000 from his uncle, then left his uncle’s tobacco firm in order to start up a tin foil company. Other tin foil firms tried to run him out of business by lowering their prices, but then the price of aluminum dropped, and Richard Samuel discovered that making foil from aluminum was far less expensive – and far more sensible – than making it out of tin and lead. • Aluminum foil was lighter and thinner than tin foil so more of it could be rolled from a single pound of metal; it was non-corrosive; and it was shinier. He invented a way to print on it, so he could make custom wrappers for specific foods. Demand for his foil skyrocketed with the invention of the Eskimo Pie because each one was wrapped in foil. • In 1924 Richard Samuel’s firm bought out the Eskimo Pie company, which was its single biggest customer. The company expanded to produce aluminum siding, aluminum cans, aluminum bumpers, and more. Eventually the firm became the world’s third largest aluminum and packaging company. It’s best known for aluminum foil, which carries the last name shared by Uncle Richard Joshua and nephew Richard Samuel. What was their last name? (Answer at top of next text page)

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MOMENTS IN TIME • On Jan. 27, 1785, the Georgia General Assembly incorporates the University of Georgia, the first state-funded institution of higher learning in the new republic. It wasn't until 1918 that the university began admitting women. • On Feb. 1, 1885, John Taylor, the president of the Mormon Latter-day Saints Church, goes "underground" to avoid arrest and continue resisting federal demands for polygamy. Taylor had at least seven wives. Although the Mormons wanted freedom from outside interference, they also sought the benefits of being a part of the United States. Inevitably, these two goals conflicted. • On Jan. 30, 1920, Toyo Cork Kogyo, a Japanese cork business, is formed. A decade later, the company produced its first vehicle and changed its name to Mazda. The Mazda-Go was a threewheeled truck that resembled a motorcycle with a cargo-carrier at the back. • On Jan. 31, 1945, Pvt. Eddie Slovik becomes the first American soldier since the Civil War to be executed for desertion. Slovik was originally classified 4-F because of a prison record,

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but was reclassified 1-A when draft standards were lowered. In 1944, he was trained to be a rifleman, which was not to his liking, as he hated guns. • On Jan. 28, 1959, the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League sign Vince Lombardi to a fiveyear contract as the team's coach and general manager. The Brooklyn-born Lombardi played college football at Fordham University as a guard on the offensive line, dubbed the "Seven Blocks of Granite." • On Jan. 29, 1964, Stanley Kubrick's black comic masterpiece "Dr. Strangelove" opens in theaters to both critical and popular acclaim. The movie focused on the actions of a rogue U.S. military officer who believed that communists are threatening the "precious bodily fluids" of Americans. • On Jan. 26, 1980, at the request of President Jimmy Carter, the U.S. Olympic Committee votes to ask the International Olympic Committee to cancel or move the Moscow Olympics in response to the Soviet military invasion of Afghanistan.

Answer: Reynolds, as in Reynolds Wrap, and R.J. Reynolds tobacco. ICE CREAM ON A STICK • Harry Burt owned a candy store and ice cream shop in Ohio. Christian Nelson had recently invented the Eskimo Pie, but Harry claimed to have invented the chocolate-covered ice cream bar before Nelson invented the Eskimo Pie. • Harry’s invention had one critical difference, however. After he’d given an experimental sample to his grown daughter to eat, he asked her opinion. She said she liked it, but it was too messy and left her fingers sticky. Because he manufactured lollipops, he inserted a stick to make it easier to eat. • He designed machinery to mass-produce the product, and named his company after his belief that anyone eating it would be in a good mood. Then he designed a unique way to sell his product. Instead of selling it to stores, he outfitted the world’s first ice cream trucks and hired drivers to drive slowly up and down suburban streets, ringing the bell on the truck and selling his ice cream bars directly to children. • In 1929 the company got a huge boost in Chicago when mobsters demanded $5,000 for “protection” – or else. The company refused the ultimatum, and doubled the insurance on the trucks. The next week eight trucks were blown up. The insurance payoff was handsome and the free national publicity put the company on the map. • At its peak in the 1950s, the company had 2,000 ice cream trucks on the road. Now owned by Breyers, the trucks have been retired but the company still produces a wide variety of ice cream novelties. What was the ice cream company called? (Answer below) ------------------------------------------------------Answer: Good Humor.

Tidbits Laughs

A man was driving  home from work when he was  pulled over for not wearing a seat belt. Two days later—same ticket, same cop. “So,” the officer said, “have you learned anything?”

“Yes, I have,” said the man. “I’ve learned I need to take a  different way home from work.”

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September 11, 2014

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BUSY. BUSY. BUSY. BUSY. BUSY. Sharon Opdahl, Agent Sharon 2534 17thOpdahl Avenue South Grand Forks, ND 58201 Agent Bus: 701-746-0495 sharonopdahl.com

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BUSY. BUSY. BUSY. BUSY. BUSY. Sharon Opdahl, Agent Sharon 2534 17thOpdahl Avenue South Grand Forks, ND 58201 Agent Bus: 701-746-0495 sharonopdahl.com

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TIDBITS® BEATING by Janet Spencer

On September 11, 1952, the first artificial aortic valve was installed in a patient in Washington, D.C. Come along with Tidbits as we take a look at the human heart!

HEART ATTACK FACTS • 37% of all deaths in the United States are related to heart disease, making it the largest single cause of natural death. Heart disease kills twice as many people as all forms of cancer combined. The major causes are smoking, fatty diet, high blood pressure, obesity, stress, heredity, lack of exercise, and diabetes. It is an illness produced of man's environment. Before 1900, heart attacks were very rare. The rate of heart disease increased so sharply between 1940 and 1967 that the World Health Organization called it the world’s most serious epidemic. • Every single cell in the heart is guided by an electrical impulse which synchronizes the heartbeat so all muscle cells contract in unison to pump the blood. During a heart attack, the cells begin firing out of turn so the efficiency of the heart is lost and the blood does not get pumped. When doctors shock the heart, the shock overrides each cell’s individual firing mechanism and once again synchronizes every cell, hopefully getting them all to work together again. WANT TO RUN YOUR OWN BUSINESS? Publish a

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On September 11, 1952, the first artificial aortic valve was installed in a patient in Washington, D.C. Come along with Tidbits as we take a look at the human heart!

Publish a

Anything else is a compromise

Issue # 884

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NOTEWORTHY INVENTORS:

THE ICE CREAM SCOOP • Alfred Cralle was born in Virginia in 1866, just after the Civil War ended. He was black, so his options were limited but he never let that stop him. • He learned carpentry from his father, attended local schools, and became interested in mechanics. Because he excelled at school, his father sent him to Washington, D.C. to attend Wayland Seminary. This was one of several schools founded by the American Baptist Home Mission Society to educate African-Americans after the Civil War. • Later he settled in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He got a job working as a porter in the Markell Brothers drug store and St. Charles Hotel. While working at the drug store, he noticed how popular ice cream had become, and he also noticed how difficult it was to serve. It consistently stuck to the spoon or ladle that was being used to scoop it, and required either two hands or two people to get it into the dish. He was determined to solve the problem. • Being mechanically inclined, he set to work on the problem. The first prototype he showed to the Markell Brothers was a simple stick with a coneshaped object mounted on the end. The Markell Brothers didn't think it would work, until Cralle took a container of ice cream and demonstrated it for them, easily plopping a perfectly-shaped mound of ice cream into a dish. • On February 2, 1897, Cralle was granted a patent for what he called an "ice cream mold and disher" now known as the ice cream scoop. It was designed to keep ice cream as well as other foods from sticking to the utensil, and it was easy to operate with one hand.

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• Cralle's design was strong, durable, effective, and inexpensive. It could be constructed in a variety of shapes depending on whether a cone or a mound was desired. It could be constructed out of a variety of materials. There were no delicate parts that could malfunction. This simple device allowed ice cream to be served faster, with less effort and more hygienically. • Cralle never received much in the way of financial success from his invention, nor did he receive any wide-spread acclaim. However, when the AfroAmerican Financial, Accumulating, Merchandise and Business Association was organized in Pittsburgh, he was named Assistant Manager. • Cralle was 30 years old when he was granted his patent, married with two daughters and a son. His wife and one daughter died in 1918, possibly due to the flu epidemic. His son died of disease in 1918, and Cralle himself was killed in an automobile accident in 1920. But his daughter Anna lived to the age of 98 and died in 2009. By then her father's invention had become standard issue in households around the world. • Next time you bend your spoon in half for lack of an ice cream scoop, think of Alfred Cralle, and say a word of thanks. • When choosing an ice cream scoop, pick one with a good grip on the handle so it won't slip if your hands are wet. Be sure it has sharp edges so it will cut easily into the ice cream. Get one with a big wide scoop to provide maximum ice cream retrieval. Dunk the scoop in hot water for a few minutes to facilitate scooping. Drag the scoop in an S-shape across the surface of the ice cream. If you are scooping multiple dishes, keep the hot water handy and dip the scoop in between.

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FRANCHISE STORIES: QUIZ #1

• Roy Allen had a habit of buying run-down restaurants, rehabilitating them, and selling them at a profit. In 1919 he met a pharmacist who had a great recipe for a home-brewed root beer. Roy bought the recipe from him and opened a root beer stand in Lodi, California. • Sales were good, so he opened a second stand in Sacramento, and hired Frank Wright to help him manage it. Frank was a great employee, and in 1922 he and Roy became partners, naming the business for their initials. Roy bought a carnival wagon previously used to sell popcorn, and turned it into a drive-up root beer stand, which gave birth to the idea of a driveup restaurant.

• Today the company is the largest vendor of root beer in the nation, selling a soft drink that has changed little since it was first invented. What’s the name of the company? (Answer at top of next page) FRANCHISE STORIES: QUIZ #2 • John McCullough served ice cream from his store in Illinois in 1927. Making large amounts of ice cream involved mixing butterfat with sweeteners and stabilizers, then whipping in air and flavoring, then freezing it until it reached 23°F. At this temperature the ice cream was soft enough to flow through a spigot into tubs. The tubs were frozen to -10°F which made them easy to ship and store.

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with a grain of salt, though, considering the fact that the survey respondents were actually brides themselves. • Even an honest person might have some sympathy for the deceit attempted by a man named Corey Taylor in 2007. He was so desperate to get out of his cell-phone contract without paying the high fee that he attempted to fake his own death. Unfortunately for him, it didn't work. • You may be surprised to learn that condoms date back to at least the 1600s. • If you're afraid that peanut butter will stick to the roof of your mouth, you suffer from arachibutyophobia. * * * Thought for the Day: "My therapist told me the way to achieve true inner peace is to finish what I start. So far I've finished two bags of M&Ms and a chocolate cake. I feel better already." -- Dave Barry

Answer

• Those who traveled by air over the recent holiday season may sympathize with political satirist Mark Russell, who made the following sage observation: "The scientific theory I like best is that the rings of Saturn are composed entirely of lost airline luggage." • If you're planning a visit to rural Texas anytime soon, you might want to keep in mind that in that state, it's against the law to milk a cow that belongs to someone else. • The elephant shrew is more closely related to the elephant than to the shrew. • You may have heard of bridezilla, but what about momzilla? In a survey by David's Bridal, 22 percent of respondents claimed that it was the mother of the bride who caused the most conflict when planning the event, while another 22 percent said that it was the mother of the groom. You might want to take these results

King CROSSWORD

by Samantha Weaver

• The idea was a hit. Roy Allen bought out Frank Wright in 1924, but retained the company’s name. He weathered the Great Depression by adding hot dogs and hamburgers. By the end of the Depression, he had 200 franchises, and by the time he sold out due to failing health there were about 450. In the 1960s there were more than 2,000 stores operating nationwide.

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6. Aboard Air Force One after assassination of JFK 7. “Wonderboy” 8. Levi Strauss 9. Pine Valley, PA

FRANCHISE STORIES: #2 (cont'd) • John knew ice cream that came out of the spigot at 23°F tasted better than the stuff sold to Answer: Dell. the customer at -10°. Ice cream numbs the taste A VERY LARGE NUMBER buds at about 0°F, which interferes with the •sense Edward Kasner was a mathematician. In 1938 of taste. he was asked to come up with a name for a • What world reallytheneeded, heone, decided, was very the large number: numeral followed a hundred zeros.be Heserved asked athis18°F. two He young icebycream that could exnephews what namethat theyless would suggest. perimented, finding butterfat made a ice cream that couldsuggested be handledaeasily at •softer Nine-year-old Milton name outtemperature, of the funnies. A still cartoon strip its character that while retaining shape. very popular. Milton chose Bynamed 1938 Barney he had was the recipe down pat. Barney’s last name for the number. • He sold his first franchise in 1940. Today there •are Kasner the new name the big aboutannounced 5,700 outlets selling thisfor soft-serve his next the book, altering the spelling. icenumber cream.in What’s franchise called? (An•swer Sixty later, Larry Page and Sergey Brin at years bottom of page) developed a new internet search engine. Other STORIES: #3 searchFRANCHISE engines searched each webpage and ranked them according to how many times a • Reuben Mattus sold lemon-ice from a horsespecific term appeared on them, but Page and drawn wagon in New York City in the 1920s. designed to search for HeBrin branched outtheir into search selling engine ice cream just when the specific term and then find out how many modern refrigeration methods made long-term links there were that led back to that page, storage ice cream at home possible. In 1959 which of resulted in a better search engine. Reuben decided to found a new ice cream compa• They decided they needed a name that ny that would be dedicated to providing the best reflected how many websites the search possible cream made from highest engine ice was searching. Theythetook the quality name ingredients: more butterfat, less air. He needed of Edward Kasner’s very large number, onlya name the product. He had fond they for misspelled it slightly, so always it endedbeen up being ofspelled Denmark, so he decided a Danish name would exactly the same way the cartoon becharacter best. TheBarney name he chosehis means nothing in the spelled last name. What’s it called? (Answer bottom of page)people to Danish language, butatRueben wanted look at the name and think, ‘Is this imported?’ COMPUTER FACTS A map of Scandinavia appeared label for • In 1981 Bill Gates said, “640 on kb the of memory good measure. The business grew steadily and ought to be enough for anybody.” in 1983 he sold out to Pillsbury forperformance $70 million. • Moore’s Law states that computer Today thisevery luxury cream is sold over the doubles 18ice to 24 months, andall ever since world. Name it. (Answer below) 1971, this has been true. Answer DairyMicrosoft, Queen. and Apple were all • HP, #2: Google, started in garages. Answer #3: Häagen-Dazs. Answer: Google, from googol.

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Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

Published on Jan 21, 2015

Tidbits Grand Forks - January 22, 2014

"Eskimo Pie," "The Ice Cream Scoop" and "Franchise Stories"

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"Eskimo Pie," "The Ice Cream Scoop" and "Franchise Stories"

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