Tidbits of Grand Forks - March 26, 2020

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks Issue # 1,162 Published by: Wick Publications 701-740-0968 wickpub@yahoo.com Big savings TIDBITS ENJOYS for Bigsafe savings FURNACE Home drivers. for safe THUNDERSTORMS Home SYSTEM & Auto.

by Janet Spencer drivers. & Auto.

March 26, 2020

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As you read this, there are 2,000 thunderstorms in progress across the earth. Around 100 lightning strikes will hit the ground in the time it takes to read this sentence. Storms and lightning are an essential part of our ecosystem. Thunderstorms owe their existence to two scientific principles. First, warm air rises. Second, cool air cannot hold as much water as warm air can.

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HOT AIR

• Hot air rises. That’s why smoke goes up a chimney and hot air balloons float. The sun warms the surfaces it falls upon, heating air above it. The hot air rises, creating a vacuum.

Cool air flows in from the sides to replace it, and is also warmed. Soon there’s a steady column of hot air rising.

• There is much water vapor in air. Warm air holds a greater amount of water than cold air does. When warm air cools, it drops the water, forming a cloud. (This is why you exhale little clouds on cold days.)

• Cold air sinks. When the rising air has cooled, it falls and forms a downdraft. After sinking, it heats up again and is swept up in the updraft.

The cloud continues to grow as more heated air rises into it, like a balloon being blown up.

Now there are conflicting air currents inside the cloud. These currents frequently become unbelievably strong.

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Quiz Bits

5. What percent of people hit by lightning die?

6. In which comic-book series was the character Wendy the Good Little Witch introduced?

7. Which movie featured the famous line, “I’m gonna make him an offer he can’t refuse.”?

8. “Hurts So Good” appeared on which John Cougar Mellencamp album?

TRIVIA SPONSORED BY:

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1. On average, how many times does the Empire State Building get hit by lightning each year?

2. How many times does an average airplane get hit by lightning each year?

3. In what state are the most people hit by lightning?

4. In what month do the most lightning strikes occur in the U.S.?

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• Billions of particles of water and dust collide and shatter in the cloud’s violent winds. Electrons, the electrically charged particles that revolve around the nucleus of an atom, are knocked loose. Some atoms pick up extra electrons, and other atoms are short of electrons. Therefore, some atoms acquire a negative charge; some positive. The negatively charged particles drop to the lower level of the cloud and the positively charged particles are carried to the upper layers. The cloud has a negative charge on the bottom and a positive charge on top. The ground below the cloud has a positive charge. Lightning occurs when the opposite charges become too strong to keep away from each other any longer. Lightning is the electrical discharge from one region of charged particles to another region of oppositely charged particles.

The light is the glow of atoms and molecules that are energized by this electrical discharge.

SHOCKING FACTS

• The small shock from static electricity after walking across a carpet or stroking a cat is identical to lightning, on a much smaller scale.

• The core of lightning ranges in width from 1/10 of an inch to 2 inches, but the energized area can range from 3 to 20 feet wide.

• Cloud to ground flashes are rarely over a mile long, but cloud to cloud bolts can travel over 100 miles, sometimes hitting the earth. This is known as a “bolt out of the blue.”

• In Pittsburgh in July of 1947, one bolt was measured at 345,000 amperes. Normal household current is 15 amperes.

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THUNDERSTORMS (cont):

• Tiny droplets combine until they become big enough to fall against the updrafts, creating a stronger downdraft. Soon the downdraft becomes so strong that it chokes off the updraft, and the storm abates.

• A flash may last from 1/500th of a second to 2 seconds.

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NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE Torrential rains from a storm on June 17 & 18, 1815 caused such mud on the battlefield of Waterloo that Napoleon delayed attacking the British army for about six hours. By then, the Prussian reinforcements had arrived to back up the British and Napoleon was defeated.

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SPORTS QUIZ 1. This winner of five career Grand Slam titles recently announced her retirement from tennis at the age of 32. Who is she?

2. Actor/wrestler Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson played on the defensive line for what college football team?

3. Old Trafford stadium is home to what English Premier League soccer club?

4. What was the name of the character played by Alex Karras, a Detroit Lions defensive lineman from 1958-70, on the 1980s TV sitcom “Webster”?

5. What Division I men’s basketball team has the most appearances in the NCAA Tournament Sweet 16?

6. What NBA team broke the league record (previously held by the 2016-17 Golden State Warriors) for earliest playoff clinch?

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THUNDERSTORMS (cont):

• A large thundercloud may hold 150,000 tons of water, which would be enough to fill a pond a mile long, 300 feet wide, and 5 feet deep.

• During a heavy storm when 2 inches of rain falls, 90 lbs. of water fall on each square yard of earth, or more than 200 tons an acre.

• Over 4 trillion gallons of water fall on the continental U.S. every day as precipitation.

• The Rocky Mountain area gets about 50 to 70 thunderstorm days annually. Kampala, Uganda has about 242 thunderstorm days each year.

Java, Indonesia, has about 223. In Arctic and Antarctic regions where air is cold and stable, there may be a thunderstorm once every ten years. In deserts there is plenty of heat but no moisture, and therefore few storms. In the U.S., Florida is the state with the most storms.

In Florida, lightning strikes the average square mile of ground up to 46 times per year.

THE RUMBLE OF THUNDER

• The temperature of the air surrounding a lightning bolt heats up to about 27,000° F. Consider that the surface of the sun is only 10,000°!

Thunder is caused when the air along the bolt expands with explosive violence, radiating pressure waves through the atmosphere. Thunder can usually be heard for seven miles clearly, but can sometimes be heard for 40, although it is seldom heard for more than 20.

THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTNING

• Lightning serves two purposes: it balances out the electrical charges between earth and sky, and it fertilizes the soil.

• There are around eight million strikes per day.

Each stroke carries about 250 kilowatt hours of electricity. Lightning is the only way to achieve electrical balance on earth.

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*Answer located further back in this issue.

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© 2020 King Features Syndicate. All rights reserved.

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THUNDERSTORMS (cont):

• Nitrogen is the world’s best fertilizer. It’s a vital element in the food chain for plants, animals, and humans. It is absorbed through the roots of a plant, and it returns to the atmosphere through decomposition. The air in our atmosphere is made of four parts nitrogen to one part oxygen.

The heat from a bolt of lightning combines nitrogen chemically with rain. The rain brings the fixed nitrogen to earth where it can be absorbed by plants. About 100 million tons of nitrogen are washed down into the soil each year. That’s more than all the fertilizer plants in the world can manufacture. Life couldn’t exist without it.

• A single strike can scorch an area as small as a spot or as large as 25 acres. In the U.S., lightning is the sixth most frequent cause of structural fire and accounts for 11 percent of annual fire losses.

It is responsible for nearly half of all fires occurring in national forests. The largest dry lightning storm on record started 1,488 fires in the northern Rockies during a 10-day period in June of 1940.

Between 1940 and 1975, around 230,000 lightning fires occurred on the national forests of the Western U.S. • The effect of lightning on a tree that is hit depends on how long it has been raining. If the tree is wet to the base, the electricity will follow the water film down the trunk to the ground, leaving the tree intact. If the tree is not wet to the ground, the lightning will follow the sap down the inside of the tree. The sap vaporizes, and because it’s confined to narrow channels, it blows the tree apart.

Oak trees suffer from explosions more than other kinds of trees because they have rough barks that don’t carry water as well as smooth bark.

• The danger from lightning is at its greatest when the storm is approaching, just before the rain begins. About 25 percent of all lightning fatalities occur when people seek shelter beneath tall trees— an easy target.

*Answer located further back.

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• In 1883, Bill Kinsman of Tombstone, Arizona, was the subject of a practical joke when the Tombstone Epitaph announced his intention to marry one May Woodman. The surprised future groom countered with a notice of his own that he had no such plans whatsoever -- and was soon after shot to death by the deeply humiliated Ms. Woodman.

• "Cenosillicaphobia" is the fear of an empty beer glass. (Use this one to impress your friends during Happy Hour.)

• Turning back the giant hands on Big Ben's four clock faces takes an astonishing total of five hours.

• Alexandre Dumas, best known for "The Three Musketeers" and "The Count of Monte Cristo," felt very strongly that all his works must be presented on colored paper. He wanted all his fiction presented on blue paper, his articles on pink paper and his poetry on yellow paper.

• Golf balls were originally made from dried cow eyeballs.

• The tea bag was an accidental invention. In 1908, tea merchant Thomas Sullivan distributed his samples in small silken sacks. His customers, not realizing they were samples, dunked them in hot water, and Sullivan soon found himself swamped with orders for his "tea bags"!

• In his travels, Marco Polo believed at one point that he had stumbled across unicorns, writing that "They are very ugly brutes to look at. They are not at all such as we describe unicorns." Not surprising, considering that he was actually viewing rhinoceroses.

• Ancient Romans created black hair dye by fermenting leeches in vinegar.

• The game of marbles is estimated to be about 5,000 years old. Through most of their history, the toys were made of stone, bone, clay or whatever material was available, with truly round marbles being both rare and expensive. *** Thought for the Day: "At the touch of love, everyone becomes a poet." -- Plato © 2020 King Features Synd., Inc.

Own the Unexpected

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• Medicare Contact your local agent for for more information: Coverage moreinformation: information: t for more • Group <Agent Name> A Medical INSURANCE AGENCY <Agency Name> Life Ins. • <Address> Rick Asche • 701-772-1138 H2409, H2410, H2450_2058 (01-2009) <City, ST ZIP> <Phone> 1521 24th Ave. S. • Grand Forks, ND <Hours of Operation> > “Since 1988”

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Answer

Weekly SUDOKU

• The Lord of the Rings trilogy directed by Peter Jackson won a total of 17 Academy Awards. “The Return of the King” won every Oscar for which it was nominated, leaving it tied with “Titanic” (1997) and “Ben-Hur” (1959) for the most Oscars awarded to a film. Here are some lesser known facts about the films.

• During filming, Viggo Mortensen was spending a day off surfing on the coast. After a bad wipe-out, half of his face was bruised so badly that make-up couldn’t hide the discoloration. That’s why when his character Aragorn finds the tomb in the mines of Moria, he is seen from only one side.

• Christopher Lee, who played the evil wizard Saruman, was the only cast member who actually knew author J.R.R. Tolkien.

• Sean Bean, who played Boromir, was afraid of flying in a helicopter and for some remote scenes chose to hike to the set – on top of a mountain – rather than ride in the chopper.

• John Rhys-Davies played the dwarf Gimli and also provided the voice of the Ent named Treebeard. No special effects were needed for the voice; he just spoke in his deepest voice through a wooden megaphone. At 6’1” he was the tallest member of the cast, in spite of playing a dwarf.

• It took 90 minutes for prosthetic Hobbit feet to be applied for the four main Hobbit actors before shooting could begin each day.

• Viggo Mortensen bought the horse he rode for the films in his role as Aragorn.

• Over 300 horses were used in the film and none of them were injured.

• In an iconic scene when Bilbo Baggins drops the One Ring, the ring actually fell onto a magnetic floor so it would not bounce and would seem inordinately heavy.

• The great-grandson of J. R. R. Tolkien appeared in a cameo shot as a ranger at Osgiliath.

• During the scene where Gollum is arguing with himself as the two sides of his personality struggle for control, “Treacherous Gollum” has narrow pupils but “Friendly Gollum” has wide pupils.

• In the scene where Frodo is bitten by the Shelob the giant spider, actor Elijah Wood had two AlkaSeltzer tablets concealed under his tongue for the foaming-at-the-mouth look.

• During the Council of Elrond, which takes place outdoors in the autumn (but was actually filmed in a studio), leaves are constantly drifting down from the trees. These leaves had been collected, preserved, and painted months prior, and then were gradually dropped from the ceiling above the set by six crew members.

• Because Orcs have black blood, they couldn’t be seen with pink tongues and gums, so all Orcs were required to swish their mouths with licorice-based mouthwash before every scene to achieve the right look.

• The scene for the location of Edoras was actually filmed in the middle of a national park in New Zealand, which was allowed on the condition that the area be returned to its original condition when the filming wrapped up. Gardeners meticulously dug up all of the vegetation in the area and stored everything in a greenhouse nursery for 18 months before returning everything to its original place.

• Around 10,000 prosthetic facial appliances, over 3,500 pairs of Hobbit feet, 2,500 foam body suits, 1,200 suits of amour, 2,000 weapons, and 10,000 arrows were made for the Lord of The Rings trilogy. About 18,000 costumes were created from scratch, and between 30 and 40 of the same costume were created for each main character.

Answer

"LORD OF THE RINGS"

King CROSSWORD

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March 16, 2020

• Turn on the hot water for three or four minutes to loosen debris on shower walls. It’s much easier to clean when the tile is warm and steamy.

• Here’s a great storage solution: screw a metal magazine holder to the inside of a cabinet door. Do this in the bathroom to store a hair dryer or other hair tools. In the kitchen, it makes a wonderful holder for smaller pot lids or foil, wax paper, parchment, etc.

• Manners check: “If you are getting into line at a shop, it’s time to end your call. When you try to continue your phone conversation, it means the cashier can’t effectively communicate with you and you risk holding up the line. If the call is that important, just wait until you end it to get in line.

Thank you!” — M.R. in Virginia • When arranging your fridge, keep the better choices at eye level and easy to grab.

• Get rid of smelly stains on your cutting board with a lemon. Use the cut side of a lemon to scrub your plastic or wood board. For a little extra scrub, sprinkle the lemon with salt. Rinse and air dry.

• “To reach the highest cobweb or the lowest dust bunnies, get a yardstick and cover one end with an old tube sock. Use a rubber band to secure it to the stick and you can use it to swipe at the high corners of your rooms or slide it under the furniture. Works like a charm.” — E.T. in Michigan Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

• On March 30, 1867, U.S. Secretary of State William Seward signs a treaty with Russia to buy Alaska for $7 million. Despite the bargain price of roughly 2 cents an acre, the Alaskan purchase was ridiculed as "Seward's Folly" and "Seward's icebox."

• On March 31, 1889, the Eiffel Tower is dedicated in Paris in a ceremony presided over by Gustave Eiffel, its designer, and French Prime Minister Pierre Tirard. At 984 feet, the Eiffel Tower remained the world's tallest man-made structure until the completion of the Chrysler Building in New York in 1930.

• On April 2, 1902, the first American theater devoted solely to movies opens in Los Angeles.

Housed in a circus tent, the venue was dubbed "The Electric Theater." A ticket cost 10 cents for a one-hour show.

• On April 4, 1913, Chicago bluesman Muddy Waters is born in Clarksdale, Mississippi.

Born McKinley Morganfield, he wrote "Rollin' Stone," "Hoochie Coochie Man" and "Got My Mojo Working," songs that would later inspire Bob Dylan.

• On April 5, 1931, Fox Film Corp. drops John Wayne from its stable of actors after he failed to impress the studio in a series of bit parts. In 1939, Wayne had his breakthrough in "Stagecoach," and 30 years later he would win an Oscar for "True Grit."

• On April 3, 1955, the American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg's racy book "Howl" against obscenity charges after 520 copies of the book were seized entering the U.S. from England. American publisher Lawrence Ferlinghetti was later arrested and tried for promoting obscene material, but was found not guilty.

• On April 1, 1970, President Richard Nixon signs legislation officially banning cigarette ads on television and radio. Nixon, who was an avid pipe smoker, supported the legislation at the increasing insistence of public health advocates. © 2020 Hearst Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved

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• Several conditions are required in the atmosphere in order for hailstorms to occur. First, towering cumulonimbus clouds must be present. These are the anvil or mushroom shaped clouds that reach heights of up to 65,000 feet. Second, there must be high concentrations of super-cooled water contained within the cloud. Third, there must be strong air currents rising and falling within the cloud. These updrafts and downdrafts tumble ice particles around within the cloud, adding successive layers of ice.

• A newly formed hailstone is too light to fall to the ground, so it remains suspended in the thunderstorm by the updraft. Hailstones move through the thunderstorm like lottery balls mixing in a tumbler. The hailstone grows as it collects water on its surface and freezes, a process that forms ice in layers like an onion.

• A hailstone the size of a golf ball requires winds of 60 mph to keep it elevated within the cloud.

When winds begin to diminish, or when the hailstone becomes too heavy, it falls. When you cut a hailstone in half, you can see rings of ice.

Some rings are milky white while others are clear.

Counting the layers gives an indication of how many times the hailstone travelled to the top of the storm cloud.

• An average of 5,000 hailstorms hit the U.S. every year.

• The average size of a hailstone is 1/4 inch in diameter. Only one out of every 800 thunderstorms will produce walnut-sized hail. Hail the size of a grapefruit or larger accounted for just 0.5 percent of all the hail reported during the past 60 years.

• The tiniest and softest hail pellets are called graupel and they are more like pellets of snow. The word “graupel” is the diminutive form of the German word “graupe” meaning “pearl barley.” ...cont'd

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HAIL (continued):

DIFFERENCES:: DIFFERENCES 1.Girl's collar is missing. 2. Horn is bigger.

3. Wheel spokes are added. 4. Go-cart handle is turned.

5. Hat is turned. 6. Headlights are different. © 2020 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.

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• Cheyenne, Wyoming gets more hail than any other place in the U.S., with about 10 hailstorms annually. About one thunderstorm in six is accompanied by hail in Cheyenne. In Miami, only one in 71 brings hail.

• The states with the most severely damaging hailstorms are Texas, Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Oklahoma.

• About 73 percent of all hailstorms occur between 2:00 pm and 9:00 pm.

• July and August are the biggest months for hail in the western U.S. • It almost never hails in the tropics or in the Arctic. It never hails when the ground temperature is below freezing.

• Large hailstones fall at speeds of up to 100 mph.

• An average of about 24 people get hurt from hail each year.

• In Kansas, a 1959 hailstorm covered an area 9 miles long and 6 miles wide in hail to a depth of 18 inches.

• A hailstorm over Alberta, Canada in 1953 killed around 36,000 wildfowl. Four days later a second hailstorm killed 27,000 more.

• After one hailstorm in Iowa in June of 1882, two small living frogs were found inside hailstones. They had probably been carried into the clouds by a tornado.

• A deadly hailstorm in Moradabad, India, in 1888 killed more than 250 people. In 1986, a hailstorm in Gopalganj, Bangladesh, killed 92 people. The hailstones were reported to weigh up to a 2 pounds.

• The largest hailstone ever documented fell in Vivian, South Dakota, in 2010. It was 8 inches in diameter, and 18.5 inches in circumference, making it about the size of a volleyball, and weighed just under two pounds.

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