Tidbits Grand Forks - April 20, 2017

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks

April 20, 2017

Published by: Wick Publications

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ELLIS ISLAND It’s estimated that nearly 40% of all current U.S. citizens can trace at least one ancestor back to Ellis Island. To commemorate Ellis Island Family History Day on April 17, Tidbits focuses on the facts of this famous immigration station.

• In the 1600s, Ellis Island was the home of Mohegan Indians, who called it Kioshk, or Gull Island. The 3.3-acre island was purchased in the 1630s by a Dutchman, who renamed it Oyster Island because of the large numbers of shellfish found on its beaches.

During the 1700s, it was renamed again, this time to Gibbet Island, a term for a large upright post used as a gallows. The island was regularly used as a place to hang those convicted of piracy.

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• The last hanging occurred in 1839. After its use as a munitions arsenal for the Union Army during the Civil War, the island was vacant for many years.

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• New York merchant Samuel Ellis bought the island in 1775, and built a tavern there to serve local fisherman. It changed hands again in 1808 when the state of New York purchased it, and used it to store ammunition during the War of 1812.

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Quiz Bits 1.

2.

3.

4.

5. How many U.S. states border Wyoming?

6. T or F: Robin Williams never Approximately how many won an Academy Award. visitors tour the Ellis Island 7. What U.S. city once was a museum each year?

Spanish settlement called Ellis Island is part of what Yerba Buena?

National Monument park?

8. Pure gold consists of how What future mayor of New many karats?

York worked as an interpreter 9. How many keys are on a at Ellis Island from 1907-1910? standard piano?

Where in the human body is TRIVIA the scapula located?

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ELLIS ISLAND (continued):

• It was decided during the 1880s that New York’s immigration station at Castle Garden, which had processed more than 8 million immigrants over a 35-year span, would be replaced by a new facility on Ellis Island. Expansion of the island began by adding landfill obtained by the excavation for New York City’s subway tunnels. The area doubled to more than six acres.

• On New Year’s Day, 1892, the new Ellis Island Immigration Station officially opened. Three ships holding more than 700 immigrants were waiting to pass through. The first person admitted was an Irish girl celebrating her 15th birthday, Annie Moore. In honor of her status, she was presented with a $10 gold piece. Close to 450,000 people would follow during the first year of operation. More than 1.5 million immigrants were processed during the first five years of operations.

• Annie Moore arrived with her two brothers, all three unaccompanied minors. In 1907, a federal law was passed, prohibiting children arriving without adults.

• Immigrants were closely checked by doctors for more than 60 diseases and disabilities that could disqualify them from entry. Those suspected were marked with chalk and detained. A contagious eye condition called trachoma was monitored very closely, with “TC” chalked on the jackets of those suspected. “L” was used for lameness, “S” for senility, “SC” for scalp problems, “G” for goiter, and “X” for those with a suspected mental defect, among several other possible disabilities. While 80% of immigrants successfully passed through in just hours, many were detained for days or even weeks. Free meals were provided, usually beef stew, potatoes, herring, baked beans, stewed prunes, and bread. ...continued

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1421 S. Washington St. • Grand Forks 4. When was the last time before 2016 that the Montreal Canadiens tallied 10 1. Who was the first golfer to receive over $1 million dol- goals in a game—1968, 1979, 1984 or 1990? lars for winning a Masters 5.

Since the 2000 college Tournament? football season, how 2. What was the highest ERA many Heisman Trophy ever recorded by a Cy winners have been runYoung winner—3.21, 3.25, ning backs?

3.51 or 3.66?

3. How many times has Los 6. What year did Zach Parise join the Minnesota Wild?

Angeles Clippers guard Chris Paul led the NBA in 7. T or F: The MN Twins have assists per game for a season? never lost a World Series.

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ELLIS ISLAND (continued):

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• Those immigrants traveling first-class were exempt from the rigorous physical exams.

• Although many chose to remain in New York City, others traveled by barge to New Jersey, where they boarded trains for other destinations across the United States.

• Five years after opening, with 200 immigrants on site, a fire broke out in the main building, a huge three-storied structure, resulting in the roof collapsing. There were no injuries, but all immigration records dating back to 1840, including those from Castle Garden, were destroyed. Within six months a new fireproof facility opened, with more than 2,200 people processed on its first day.

• By 1903, additional space was needed, and two additional islands were created using landfill. By 1906, Ellis Island had grown from its original 3.3 acres to upwards of 27 acres. About 90% of the area did not exist in 1800.

• The price for an immigrant planning a trip to America varied from $12 to $60 per person. Many families saved for years to make the journey.

• During World War I, immigration declined dramatically. The United States began establishing embassies worldwide and a large number of immigrants were processed in their home countries rather than going through Ellis Island. The 1915 total of immigrants was 178,416, but by 1918, the number had dropped to only 28,867. In 1917, the facility started operation as a U.S. Army hospital and a detention center for enemy aliens.

• A literacy test was introduced in 1917, and all those over age 16 who could not read 40 test words in their native language were denied admittance.

• In 1924, an immigration act limited total immigration to 165,000 per year, and fixed quotas from specific countries. ...continued

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ELLIS ISLAND (continued):

• As mass immigration declined into America, and the Great Depression caused more to leave the country than to arrive, the buildings began to fall into neglect and abandonment. During World War II, part of the island was used to house suspected Nazi sympathizers and enemies of the state.

• From 1925 until 1954, only 2.3 million immigrants were processed. In November, 1954, all 33 structures were officially closed, and the island was declared government surplus property. A Norwegian merchant seaman, Arne Peterssen, was the last person to pass through immigration there.

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• In 1965, Ellis Island became a National Park Service National Monument; however, it didn’t open to the public until 1976, when 50,000 people toured the island. Six years later, President Reagan initiated a fundraiser for private investors for the restoration and preservation of the facility.

The $156 million project was completed in 1990, and the Main Arrivals Building was re-opened to the public. Millions of immigrant arrival records were made available to the public in 2001, enabling visitors to trace their ancestry in the restored Hall. More than 30 million visitors have toured Ellis Island since 1990.

• Out of the original 33 structures on the island, 29 are still closed, waiting to be restored.

• Several well-known immigrants were processed through Ellis Island over the years, including cosmetics icon Max Factor from Poland and actor Cary Grant from England. The Trapp Family singers of “The Sound of Music” fame came through from Austria. Athletes Charles Atlas, Knute Rockne, and Johnny Weissmuller also were processed there. At least two well-known criminals came through the station, gangster Lucky Luciano from Italy, and German Bruno Hauptmann, later convicted of kidnapping the Lindbergh baby.

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• It was Founding Father and renowned polymath Benjamin Franklin who made the following sage observation: "Patriotism is supporting your country all the time, and your government when it deserves it."

• Those looking for a new, somewhat more relaxing line of work might want to consider becoming air farmers. Yes, that is an actual job title. Since 2015, the British company Aethaer has employed air farmers to "harvest" air in jars at locations all over the British Isles -- largely in rural areas, away from roads and their attendant pollution. This pure British air is then sold for $115 per bottle, mostly to consumers in China, where cities are plagued by unprecedented levels of pollution.

• Everyone, it seems, has a patron saint -- even those oft-reviled professionals, dentists. Images of Saint Apollonia show her holding a molar in one hand and an enormous pair of pliers in the other.

• If you're both a lover of books and a travel junkie, then the Tolstoy Train is just the holiday for you. On this luxuriously appointed train -- complete with a library -- you can take a 14-hour overnight journey between Moscow and Helsinki, Finland, traveling through pine forests, rolling hills and quaint Russian villages.

• Pepsi-Cola was introduced originally in 1898 with the far less appetizing name "Brad's Drink."

• Those who study such things say that when a woman's husband dies, the length of her remaining life does not seem to be affected.

When a man loses his wife, though, his lifespan decreases -- unless he marries again. *** Thought for the Day: "Success isn't how far you got, but the distance you traveled from where you started." -- Steve Prefontaine © 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Unusual Plants:

ORCHIDS

In honor of National Orchid Day on April 16, Tidbits passes along these facts about the fascinating family, Orchidacea.

• Orchids are the largest family of flowering plants, with about 28,000 different species, (almost five times the number of mammal species), with more still being discovered. They are also one of the oldest flowers in existence. Fossilized pollen from an ancient orchid was discovered on the back of a bee encased in amber in a mine in the Dominican Republic. Orchids grow naturally everywhere in the world, except in extremely cold climates and in the desert.

• Orchids have bilateral symmetry, in other words, the two halves are mirror images of each other, similar to the human face.

• The flowers of some orchids last only a few hours, while other varieties produce blooms that survive six months. Some plants can live up to 100 years. The unusual Bulbophyllum nocturnum orchid, discovered in 2011, blooms only at night, and only for one night.

• Orchids produce the smallest seeds in the world, about the size of a particle of dust, and visible only under a microscope. Each seedpod contains up to 3 million seeds, however, only a few will develop into a mature orchid plant.

• Climate affects the size, shape, and texture of orchid leaves. Those that grow in a dry climate have thick leaves covered with wax. Those growing in a warm, humid area have long thin leaves. Some varieties have no leaves at all.

• The world’s smallest orchid species has flowers measuring just 2 mm wide. The petals are transparent and just one cell thick. The Giant orchid grows up to 8.2 ft. across.

• Did you know that the vanilla plant is a member of the orchid family? This climbing orchid produces the bean from which the vanilla flavoring is extracted. Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes discovered vanilla on the Gulf Coast of Mexico in the early 1500s and named it “vainilla,” translating “little pod.”

• The people of China have been using the orchid for its medicinal properties since 2800 BC. The plant is said to cure headaches, fever, and coughs, as well as accelerating the healing of wounds. The ancient Aztecs dried orchid roots in the sun, ground them into powder, added water, and used as a strong adhesive.

• Many orchids have a unique way of tricking insects into pollinating them. The reproductive parts of several types are shaped and colored to resemble the kind of insect they hope to attract. The bee orchid contains a petal that looks like a female bee, and even produces a smell similar to that of the female.

This attracts the male who becomes covered in pollen, then flies off to find another orchid he thinks is a mate, thus ensuring pollination of the species.

• Pollination of orchids is so specialized, if a particular insect becomes extinct, the orchid it pollinates will also become extinct.

• Folks living during the Victorian era between 1840 and 1910 became enamored with orchids. Some even traveled around the world seeking specific varieties. A shipment of a rare variety could bring up to $80,000 at that time.

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THANKS FOR READING TIDBITS!

• On April 27, 4977 B.C., the universe is created, according to German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler, considered a founder of modern science. Scientists in the 20th century showed that Kepler's calculations were off by about 13.7 billion years.

• On April 28, 1789, the HMS Bounty is seized in a mutiny led by Fletcher Christian, the master's mate. Captain William Bligh and 18 of his loyal supporters were set adrift in a small, open boat. They reached Timor in the East Indies on June 14, after a voyage of about 3,600 miles.

• On April 24, 1800, President John Adams approves $5,000 to establish the Library of Congress. The first library catalog, dated April 1802, listed 964 volumes and nine maps.

• On April 30, 1939, the New York World's Fair opens on 1,200 acres at Flushing Meadow Park in Queens. New technology exhibits included FM radio, robotics, fluorescent lighting and a crude fax machine. Sixty-three nations participated.

• On April 25, 1947, President Harry Truman officially opens the two-lane White House bowling alley in the West Wing. President Dwight Eisenhower closed the alley in 1955 and turned it into a mimeograph room.

• On April 26, 1986, the world's worst nuclear accident to date occurs at the Chernobyl nuclear plant near Kiev in Ukraine. The full toll from the disaster is still being tallied, but experts believe that thousands of people died and as many as 70,000 suffered severe radiation poisoning.

• On April 29, 1974, President Richard Nixon announces that he will release transcripts of 46 taped White House conversations in response to a Watergate trial subpoena, but not the actual tapes. Nixon cited executive privilege, which the Supreme Court rejected. On Aug. 8, 1974, Nixon avoided a Senate impeachment trial by becoming the first U.S. president to resign from office. © 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

Prime Cuts The last few weeks of March, the first few weeks of April ... these are the prime cuts for sports fans.

You have two leagues -- the NBA and the NHL -- wrapping up their regular seasons, hopefully with a little drama and playoff implications. The two best championship tournaments in all of sports are being played -- the NCAA basketball tournaments and The Masters -- and hope springs eternal for the entire nation as baseball teams break camp and head off for their home openers. At no time are there more sport fans on equal footing, more engaged in the goings-on of their favorite team or sport.

I never liked the "March Madness" moniker. It's only madness if you think that anybody outside of Duke, Kansas, North Carolina or Kentucky can win the men's tournament.

These play-in games are a joke, but I guess it's all that some students will ever really have in terms of feeling the electricity of a national audience. It's not like Red Bank State or Twizzler Tech is ever going to cut down any nets ... it's just better than the programming alternatives for the night. And you have to hand it to the ladies, they have really done a great job marketing and presenting their game. The past year has been the first where I've heard very serious discussion and praise of the women's game, and that's a great thing.

And please, do not weep for Sergio Garcia. Far from the "lovable bridesmaid" the fake news media have been making him out to be -- thi s tough-luck Spaniard who never wins anything -- we can finally stop with © 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

all of that nonsense now that he has won the finest championship in all of sports -- The Masters.

And he's won plenty, something like 30 tour wins, and he's about to marry Golf Channel personality Angela Akins, who according to the failing BBC News, wears the "shortest skirt on campus."

What's everybody so upset about?

The guy plays golf for a living.

The Masters is the finest tournament in the world and one of the greatest things humans do on Earth when it comes to sports.

It's a place where the best come to shine, where people behave -ever heard of anyone getting in a fight at The Masters? -- where there isn't a cellphone (calls are free), not a speck of garbage, and food and beer are inexpensive (and tasty). The entire world outside of the National could be on fire and nobody on the grounds would know until they exited the front gates. We need more places like Augusta in the world.

More teams make the NBA and NHL playoffs than do not.

Think about that for a moment.

It's absurd, but not when your team makes the playoffs (and if they don't, you feel terrible). It's good to have the Canadian teams back; it just feels wrong when they're not playing the game that gives their lives so much purpose.

That said, I think this finally is going to be the Washington Capitals' year, providing they get past the Penguins and Rangers, and beat the Blackhawks in the finals.

On the hardwood, you'd be nuts to bet against Stephen Curry and Golden State, but as long as LeBron is on the floor, there's always a chance for Cleveland.

And of course the Cubs will repeat. Good things come in pairs!

Mark Vasto is a veteran sportswriter who lives in New Jersey.

Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks

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© 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

(Answers located after next page)

April 10, 2017

• “Safety-pin fitted sheets and mattress pads together on the edges when washing and drying. It keeps other items from balling up inside.” — M.W. in Iowa • Here’s a great (and super simple) tactic for making a cool, delicious treat, from L.O. in New Mexico: “Purchase a six-pack of single-serve yogurt tubs with a paper or foil lid.

Poke a wooden ice-pop stick into each on and put the whole thing in the freezer. The next day you have a pack of yummy yogurt pops, which have nutrition and taste great.”

• Great grapes! This tip will be a hit at your next outdoor barbecue: Serve wine (and punch, too) with frozen grapes as ice cubes. Wash and rinse a bunch of grapes and stick them in the freezer. They make a tasty snack all alone, but will keep a glass of white wine chilled while not watering it down.”

• “To charge your phone a bit quicker, try putting it in airplane mode. It really does help.” — W.E. in Mississippi • Get all the tomato paste out of the can with this kitchen hack: Open up one side of the can, then run a butter knife around the inside perimeter to separate the paste from the can. Finally, flip it upside down on a plate and open the other side of the can. Remove the can with a bit of a shake, and it should slip out just like cranberry jelly!

• Don’t remember how long you’ve had those eggs? Here’s a handy tip to check any egg: Submerge in a glass of water. Fresh eggs lay flat on the bottom. Aging but still good eggs stand up, but remain submerged. If your egg floats, better not chance it.

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DIABETES

April is Defeat Diabetes Month – the right time for Tidbits to share information on this metabolic disease that affects close to 420 million people worldwide, about 8.3% of the adult population.

• Diabetes occurs when there is too much glucose in the blood. As food is digested by the body, sugar (glucose) enters the bloodstream as a source of fuel for energy. The body’s pancreas produces insulin, with insulin’s role to move the glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, far, and liver cells.

• A diabetic’s body cannot move the sugar from the blood into the cells because the liver makes too much glucose, because their pancreas does not make enough insulin, or the cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced.

• Type 1 diabetes is the result of the pancreas’ failure to produce enough insulin. Sometimes this form is known as “juvenile diabetes,” because it usually develops in childhood or adolescence, and those people require insulin injections for life.

• Type 2 diabetes is often referred to as “adult-onset diabetes.” Cells fail to respond to insulin properly, with the most common cause excessive body weight and not enough exercise. About 90% of cases of diabetes are Type 2. It can frequently be controlled with lifestyle changes and weight loss alone. A low-carb diet and one very low in saturated fats may enable those people to maintain near normal blood glucose levels.

Zion United Methodist Church

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SUNDAY WORSHIP

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• Sunday School: 9:15 am • Worship Service: 10:30 am

• Between 3% and 9% of pregnant women will develop gestational diabetes, a condition that arises when a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. The condition resolves itself after the baby is born in 90% of the cases, but leaves the mother with an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. ...continued

(Solution on Next Page)

DIABETES (continued):

DIFFERENCES: 1. Birdhouse is missing. 2. Jacket is opened. 3. Flagpole is missing.

4. Book is moved. 5. Collar is smaller. 6. Dog is missing. © 2017 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.

• A glucose meter is used to measure blood sugar level. Because food, exercise, medications, stress, blood Answer: Dell. pressure, and other factors affect the level, the blood is tested several times per A VERY LARGE NUMBER day. The first glucose meters for home use •were Edward Kasner was a mathematician.

In 1938 introduced in 1981.

Today continuous he was asked to come up with a name for a monitoring systems have a disposable sensor very large number: the numeral one, followed that is placed under the skin for several days. by a hundred zeros. He asked his two young • Blood from the name fingertip the most acnephews what theypresents would suggest. curate blood sugar level readings. ideal • Nine-year-old Milton suggested The a name range blood sugarAiscartoon 80 to 100 out offorthe funnies. stripmilligrams character per deciliter. named Barney was very popular. Milton chose Barney’scontributes last name for the number.

• Diabetes to several other health risk •factors, Kasnerincluding announced the disease, new name for the big heart stroke, kidney numbercataracts, in his next book, altering the spelling. failure, glaucoma, and nerve damage •toSixty yearsPatients later, Larry Pagedevelop and Sergey the feet. can also gumBrin and developed a new internet search engine.

Other teeth problems because of high blood sugar. search engines searched webpage The disease at least doubleseach a person’s riskand of ranked them according to how many times a early death. specific term appeared on them, but Page and • Although not totheir be search used alone control Brin designed engineintothe search for specific some term and thenremedies find out how ofthe diabetes, natural havemany been links there were thatblood led back that page, shown to help lower sugartolevels.

Cinwhich resulted in a better search engine. namon has been shown to stimulate the produc•tion They decidedinthey needed aClinical name trials that of insulin the pancreas. reflected how many websites the search indicate that a few edible mushroom species, engine was searching.

They the name including Reishi, Maitake, andtook Agaricus variof Edward Kasner’s very large number, only eties, have the ability to lower blood sugar as they misspelled it slightly, so it ended up being well. spelled exactly the same way the cartoon character Barney spelled histhe lastdisease’s name. What’s • It’s important to recognize warnit called? bottom ofextreme page) hunger ing signs –(Answer frequentaturination, and thirst, extreme fatigue,FACTS blurry vision, slow COMPUTER healing of cuts and bruises, and tingling, pain, • In 1981 Bill Gates said, “640 akb of memory orought numbness in the hands and feet. to be enough for anybody.”

• Several people have been dealing • Moore’swell-known Law states that computer performance doubles 18 to 24for months, ever since with Typeevery 1 diabetes years,and including ac1971, this has been true. tress Halle Berry, singers Nick Jonas and David •Crosby, HP, Google, Microsoft, all and athletes Billieand JeanApple King were and Chistarted in garages. cago Bears quarterback Jay Cutler.

Answer: Google, from googol.

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Quiz Answers

1. 3 million.

2. The Statue of Liberty.

3. Fiorello La Guardia.

4. Shoulder.

5. Six: MT, SD, NE, CO, UT, & ID

6. False. Best Actor in Supporting Role in “Good Will Hunting”(1997).

7. San Francisco.

8. 24 9. 88

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Sports Answers 1. Tiger Woods in 2001.

2. .366 by Lamar Hoyt of the White Sox in 1983.

3. Four times.

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4. 1990 versus Pittsburgh.

5. Three.

6. 2012.

7. False. They Lost to Dodgers in 1965.

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