Tidbits Grand Forks - March 9, 2017

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LES • PUZZ A I V I R S •T FACT • FUN March 9, 2017

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Mrs.

IDITAROD

by Kathy Wolfe

Every year on the first Saturday in March, sled dog teams line up in downtown Anchorage, Alaska, for the famed Iditarod race to Nome.

This week, Tidbits dashes along the route to bring you the facts on this grueling competition.

• The Athabaskan village of Iditarod was a hub of Alaska’s gold mining district from the late 1880s until the mid-1920s. Translating “far distant place” in the native language, the community was located on the Iditarod River. Mail and supplies were received by dogsled teams traveling along the Iditarod Trail. When the gold ran out and transportation methods changed to snowmobiles and airplanes, the village became a ghost town.

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• As the tradition of dogsledding continued to disappear, long-distance races were established to keep it alive.

• The first Iditarod was held in 1973. Thirtyfour mushers, all from Alaska, were at the starting line, and 22 of these completed the race. The winner was Dick Wilmarth, an Alaskan miner and trapper who won with a time of 20 days, 0 hours, 49 minutes, and 41 seconds, and claimed prize money of $12,000.

It took the last-place finisher over 32 days to cross the finish line.

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Quiz Bits 1.

2.

3.

4.

5. Huskies are known for often having heterochromia. What is this?

What fraction of Alaska lies 6. Which U.S. state’s nickname within the Arctic Circle? is “Land of Enchantment”?

How many smaller races must 7. Which is the second-largest each musher participate in to of the Hawaiian Islands? qualify for the Iditarod?

8. Name the singer who had a No. In what decade did a woman 1 hit with “The Candy Man”? first compete in the Iditarod?

9. Who starred as the kid in the In 1974, Doug Swingley became original “Karate Kid”? the first non-Alaskan to win the TRIVIA Iditarod? Where was he from? SPONSORED BY:

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• The race begins with a ceremonial start in downtown Anchorage and winds through several miles of city streets and trails before heading out to the foothills to the east to the official starting point. The time for the ceremonial opening does not count toward the musher’s official race time.

• The exact distance of the Iditarod race varies from year to year. The trail alternates between a northern route (run on even-numbered years) and a southern route (run on odd-numbered years). Prior to 1977, there was just a northern route, but the southern route was added to financially benefit the smaller villages in that area.

Although the northern route is officially 975 miles and the southern route is 998 miles, snow, ice, and other terrain issues can impact the length of the course. In 2015, oddly enough, the race had to be re-routed due to a lack of snow.

• There are 26 checkpoints on the northern route and 27 on the southern route. All mushers must sign in at each one. Prior to the race, mushers have prepared “drop bags” of supplies that are flown ahead to checkpoints. That way when the musher arrives, there is food, dog food, extra dog booties, spare headlamps, batteries, sled repair parts, and tools. Rest is not mandatory at each checkpoint, however, there are three mandatory rests throughout the course, including one 24-hour layover and two 8-hour layovers.

• Only northern dog breeds, such as Siberian huskies and Alaskan Malamutes, are permitted to race. This became an official rule in the early 1990s after one competitor used European standard poodles that had to be left behind at checkpoints with frozen feet and hair-matting problems. ...continued

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IDITAROD (continued):

• Teams of 21 dogs are allowed, with the average team consisting of 16. At least six dogs must be on the towline at the finish line.

One Nation.

One Mission.

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• The typical sled dog weighs between 45 and 60 lbs. It needs about 12,000 calories daily to maintain performance. Along the trail, dogs are fed frozen chunks of meat or fish. At the checkpoints, they receive a warm meal along with vitamin supplements.

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• It’s a rule of the race that all dogs wear booties, and each competitor must have at least eight extra per dog. The booties aren’t so much to keep the dogs’ feet warm, but rather to protect their foot pads from the ice and rocky terrain along the trail. In addition, all dogs must have collar tags and be implanted with microchips about the size of a grain of rice.

• The first place finishing time of about 20 days has been shaved down to less than 10 days. Last place finishing has been reduced from 1973’s 32 days to about 13 days.

• There is a special award for those mushers who finish last. It’s called the Red Lantern, and it has its roots in the early days of mail delivery by dog drivers. Along the route were a chain of roadhouses between the villages. A kerosene lamp was lit and hung outside to help the driver find the stop, as well as signifying that a team was out on the trail. When the last driver safely reached his destination, the lamp was extinguished. The tradition continues by bestowing the lantern to the last Iditarod finisher, indicating that all teams are safely back. ...continued

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SPORTS QUIZ 1. Who is the only player to win a league batting title in three different decades?

2. How many seasons did Hall of Fame catcher Mike Piazza have at least 30 home runs, 100-plus RBIs and a batting average of .300 or better?

3. Which two teams hold the NBA record for worst start to a season at 0-18?

4. In the 1981-82 NHL season Edmonton’s Wayne Gretzky set a record with 92 goals. Did his team go on to win the Stanley Cup? 5. T or F: Before 2016, it had been over 40 years since the U.S. team swept the first session of golf’s Ryder Cup? 6. How many times has Tom Brady been selected to the NFL Pro Bowl?

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IDITAROD (continued): • The longest time for a Red Lantern finisher was John Schultz’s time in the inaugural Iditarod in 1973 of 32 days, 15 hours, nine minutes, and one second. The fastest time for a musher finishing last was in 2010, when a Deer Lodge, Montana, nurse named Celeste Davis received the Red Lantern. Despite hitting a tree headon along the trail, rolling her sled, breaking her nose and receiving a concussion, Davis crossed the line in 13 days, 5 hours, 6 minutes, and 40 seconds, smiling in spite of her two black eyes.

• While several people have won the race four times, only one has taken the title five times, Minnesota native Rick Swenson, who won for the first time in 1977 at age 27, followed by wins in 1979, 1981, 1982, and 1991, the only musher to win in three different decades.

There was almost a sixth win for Swenson in 1978, when Dick Mackey finished just one second ahead of Swenson, literally by the nose of Mackey’s lead dog.

• Dick Mackey’s son Rick made history in 1983 when he became the first son of an Iditarod champion to win the race. In 2007, Dick’s son Lance furthered the Mackey family wins. Each of the Mackeys won in their sixth attempt.

• The youngest winner ever is also the most recent winner. Dallas Seavey had his first win in 2012 at age 25. His fourth win came in 2016, with the record-setting time of about 8 ½ days. His father Mitch took the title in 2013 at age 53, making him the oldest winner.

• The first woman to win the race was Libby Riddles, in 1985. Susan Butcher won the next three years, making for female wins four consecutive years. Butcher also took the title in 1990. She is the only musher to finish in either first or second place for five straight years. A woman hasn’t won since Butcher’s 1990 win.

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by Samantha Weaver

• It was beloved 20th-century English novelist, journalist and critic Eric Arthur Blair -- better known as George Orwell -- who made the following sage observation: "Journalism is printing what someone else does not want printed; everything else is public relations."

• In August of last year, Charles City, Iowa, saw an over-the-top display of irony when a local bar named DeRailed was struck by -- you guessed it -- a derailed train car.

• Thanks to Peter Jackson's films, you're probably familiar with J.R.R. Tolkien's "Lord of the Rings" series, even if you haven't read the books. There's been quite a lot of scholarship about the novels. Most of the research focuses on literary analysis and historical analogies, and understandably so; a work of fantasy doesn't seem to lend itself to scientific analysis. However, the Journal of Interdisciplinary Science Topics recently published an article titled, "Simply Walking into Mordor: How Much Lembas Would the Fellowship Have Needed?" In it, Skye Rosetti and Krisho Manaharan make public their calculations of the caloric intake that would have been necessary for the Fellowship to walk 92 days to Mordor: precisely 1,780,214.59.

• A survey from retailer Long Tall Sally found that 40 percent of American women own shoes that they know they can't walk in, but wear them anyway. The average woman claims she can last two hours in painful shoes.

• You probably know that "fuzz" has been a common slang term for police, but did you ever wonder why? It began in the United Kingdom, where police officers in London sometimes wore fuzzy hats. *** Thought for the Day: "There is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America." -- William J. Clinton.

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Unusual Plants:

VENUS FLY TRAP

Here’s your opportunity to learn more about the remarkable Venus Fly Trap, as Tidbits brings you these bizarre facts.

• Although we might think of the Venus Fly Trap as a tropical plant, it’s actually native to North America, and can only be found growing wild in bogs on the shores of North and South Carolina. It’s estimated that there are only about 33,000 plants remaining in the wild, all within 75 miles of Wilmington, North Carolina.

• Because the soil where they grow has little or no nutrients, this carnivorous plant captures and digests insects in order to thrive. Its diet varies from 33% ants to 30% spiders, 10% beetles, 10% grasshoppers, a few flying insects, and the remainder crawling arthropods.

• The plant itself is a rosette, with each lobe or pod of the plant containing six trigger hairs and 14 to 20 teeth that point in a radius out from the trap, used to sense and capture insects. The leafy blades have sharp, toothed edges that secrete a sweet-smelling nectar that draws in hungry insects. They also emit a blue fluorescent glow that attracts bugs.

• Each trigger hair must be stimulated twice within 20 seconds before the trap will respond and capture the insect with a snap of the trap in one-tenth of a second. It closes tightly around the insect and begins secreting digestive juices. It takes about 10 days for the plant to completely digest the insect and reopen the trap. After six catches, the trap turns brown, withers, and falls off.

• Even though the Venus Flytrap is carnivorous, it doesn’t actually “eat” any kind of meat, so don’t try feeding it hamburger. It will digest strips of human skin, however, if they are placed in its pods.

• The plant is able to distinguish between something living and a non-living prey, which explains why it doesn’t close when rain falls on it. If a trapped object isn’t food, such as a rock or nut, in about 12 hours’ time, the trap will reopen and spit it out. It can even detect if you feed it a dead insect. You will need to move the dead bug around in the trap so that it imitates the movement of a live one.

• Would you like to grow your own Venus Flytrap?

Don’t try to dig one up in the wilds of its native North Carolina. This act is considered a felony theft in several counties in that state. You can purchase a bulb online and plant it root side down with the top of the bulb even with the soil. Because it thrives in poor soil, don’t add fertilizer, as this will kill the plant. Use a mixture of sphagnum moss and sand for planting.

The bulb does need soil that is well-drained, and expect to give it 14 hours of sunlight every day. Don’t water it with tap water, as the chemicals found in that will also kill the plant. Use distilled water to provide moisture. Using a dome to keep its environment humid is also a bad idea. The best environment is one that imitates the plant’s natural habitat; however, even then, because it’s a swamp plant, it’s difficult to grow.

• The plant will produce white flowers in the Spring, but most growers pinch them off early because the flowers consume much of the energy needed to produce traps.

• How much will your Venus Flytrap eat? Just a few houseflies or small slugs a month is enough to keep it healthy. It’s not unusual for one of these plants to live up to 25 years!

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n . d e e e

• Use coffee filters to separate snacks in a dish, or to separate plates in a stack, particularly ones with gold paint or a raised pattern.

• “I did some spontaneous cleaning in my favorite black tank top. I ended up with a couple of small but noticeable bleach stains on the front.

My mother broke out a black Sharpie and colored the spots in. They are completely unnoticeable now. Thank goodness for moms, right?” — E.I. in South Carolina • “For pin holes in the wall, many people know the old renters trick to use white toothpaste to fill. Did you know that you also can use toothpaste to level slight dents? Apply toothpaste to the wall, filling the dent. Scrape a spatula or flat plastic card over the dent to remove any excess paste, leaving a flat spot. Wait for it to dry, and reapply if needed. This only works for small dents, like, say, the one left behind by a doorknob (oops!).” — M.W. in Washington • To make your own freezer gel packs, simply mix one part rubbing alcohol to two parts water. Use a freezer-safe plastic bag, add the mixture and close, being careful to release all the air from the bag. Take that bag and put it in another freezer-safe bag, and seal (in case the first bag leaks).

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King Features Weekly Service

February 27, 2017

t e

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• On March 17, 461 A.D., Saint Patrick -- Christian missionary, bishop and apostle of Ireland -- dies in Ireland. Much of what is known about his legendary life comes from the "Confessio," a book he wrote during his final years.

The first St. Patrick's Day parade was held not in Ireland, but in New York City in 1762.

• On March 18, 1852, businessmen Henry Wells and William Fargo join with other New York investors to create Wells, Fargo and Company to serve and profit from the economic boom in California. The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in 1849 spurred a huge demand for shipping.

• On March 13, 1781, astronomer William Hershel discovers Uranus, the first new planet to be found by use of a telescope. In 1986, the spacecraft Voyager 2 visited Uranus, discovering 10 additional moons to the five already known.

• On March 14, 1879, Albert Einstein is born in Germany. Einstein's theories of relativity drastically altered man's view of the universe, and his work in particle and energy theory ultimately helped make the atomic bomb.

• On March 19, 1916, eight Curtiss "Jenny" planes of the First Aero Squadron take off from Columbus, New Mexico, in the first combat air mission in U.S. history. The squadron flew in support of U.S. troops who invaded Mexico to capture Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa.

• On March 16, 1926, in Massachusetts, American Robert H. Goddard successfully launches the world's first liquid-fueled rocket. The 10foot rocket traveled for 2.5 seconds at a speed of about 60 mph.

• On March 15, 1972, "The Godfather" -- a three-hour epic chronicling the lives of an Italian-American crime family led by the powerful Vito Corleone (Marlon Brando) -- is released in theaters. "The Godfather" was adapted from the best-selling novel by Mario Puzo. © 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Welcome to the Rock It really made no sense at all. How could one of the greatest left fielders of all-time, one of the great base stealers in history (first all-time in efficiency, fifth all-time base stealer) and a seven-time All-Star be ignored for two decades by the powers that be, those baseball writers who hold the keys to Cooperstown.

But there it was before me in the paper that mid-January morning ...

Raines had finally been elected and I, who have written about Raines’ merits ad nauseam in this column, was set free. The fact that the Baseball Writers’ Association of America also took two of my other pro bono cases in Jeff Bagwell and Ivan Rodriguez made things only that much sweeter.

Then I had another question: What took them so long?

Bagwell and Rodriguez were painted with the steroid scandal tar brush, and that was the sole reason why they had to wait for induction.

Apparently, the unwritten rule for the BBWAA is that admitted or indicted steroid abusers (Barry Bonds, Mark McGwire, Sammy Sosa, Roger Clemens, Rafael Palmeiro, for instance) are to be banned; those who are suspected or gossiped about will have to wait a ballot or two to think about their sins in what is baseball’s version of purgatory. Now they are spotless, enshrined forever in upstate New York.

Raines, for historical reasons, will more than likely be remembered for two things: cocaine and collusion.

The standout, superstar high-school

athlete out of Sanford, Florida, flush with money for the first time in his life, decided to spend it on drugs ... cocaine, specifically. During the infamous Pittsburgh drug trials in 1985, Raines copped to the fact that he played many games high on coke, did coke in the clubhouse during games and even developed his headfirst slide in order to protect the eight ball he had in his back pocket.

The next year, he won the batting title, only the third switch hitter in history to do so. He led the league in on-base percentage (.413) and times on base (274). After that season, he was a free agent. The only clubs that showed any interest were ... none of them. Instead of the sound of ch-ching, he got the sleepy melody of crickets. Why? Because the owners of the league colluded together in order to keep salaries down.

Raines was re-signed to the Expos, missing out on the lucrative New York Yankee contract everyone thought he had coming his way. Can you imagine that? An outfield consisting of Tim Raines, Rickey Henderson and Dave Winfield? With Billy Martin managing Raines and Henderson to boot? That would have been a sight to see.

But Raines will be best remembered for being one of the premier players of not only his era, but alltime. Bill James ranks him as the 40th greatest position player of alltime. The record books remember him, too. He’s remembered for having an uncanny knack to win ballgames with grand slams and triples.

One also could point to his victory over drugs and the sportsmanlike conduct he displayed during his career.

Tim Raines, the “Rock” before they’re was a “Rock,” welcome to the Hall of Fame.

Mark Vasto is a veteran sportswriter who lives in New Jersey. © 2017 King Features Synd., Inc.

MISSION SWALLOWS

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Each year on March 19, the “Miracle of the Swallows” takes place at the San Juan Capistrano Mission in California’s Orange County. This week, Tidbits explores this fascinating phenomenon.

• The San Juan Capistrano Mission was founded in 1776 by Father Junipero Serra, a Spanish Franciscan priest, as a means of expanding the territorial boundaries of Spain, and to spread Christianity to the Native Americans of California.

By 1806, the mission was a shelter to more than 1,000 people, 10,000 head of cattle, and the Great Stone Church, the largest and most ornate structure of all of California’s nine missions. Situated near two rivers, the location provided plenty of insects for birds and the perfect place for swallows to build their mud nests each Spring.

• The Mission began to decline in 1812, following an earthquake and the Spanish government’s inability to keep it supplied with goods. The Great Stone Church was in need of preservation, and during the work, the swallows’ nests were removed. However, the birds merely diverted to other areas of San Juan Capistrano.

• The migratory American cliff swallows average just 5.1 in. in length, yet make the 6,000-mile flight from their winter home in Goya, Argentina, in just 30 days. The tiny birds depart Argentina on February 18, and arrive in California on March 19, St. Joseph’s Day. This feast day was dedicated to Joseph, husband of the Virgin Mary, in the 10th century, and falling in the midst of the Lenten season, it is a day of abstinence from meat. The swallows’ journey involves 15 hours of flight daily, from dawn until sunset, at a speed of about 18 mph. They fly at altitudes of more than 6,600 feet in order to take advantage of favorable tail winds, while avoiding predators at the same time. ...continued

MISSION SWALLOWS (cont.):

DIFFERENCES: 1. Car is different. 2. Poster is missing. 3. Collar is missing.

4. Headset is missing. 5. Tail is different. 6. Cuffs are missing. © 2017 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.

• The California community organized a festival around the swallows’ faithful return, ringing the Mission Answer: Dell. bells as soon as the birds were sighted. San Juan Capistrano even passed a city A VERY LARGE NUMBER ordinance prohibiting the destruction of any •nests.

Edward Kasner was a mathematician. In 1938 he was asked to come up with a name for a • Invery recent years, withthe thenumeral rapid urbanization of large number: one, followed southern California, the swallows have chosen by a hundred zeros. He asked his two young nephews name suggest. other siteswhat in the areathey for would their nests, such as overpasses and the underside of bridges.

• Nine-year-old Milton suggested a Restoname ration the Mission destroyed nests, out ofwork the at funnies.

A cartoon strip old character namedthe Barney was always very popular.

Milton which birds had made use of tochose start Barney’s last name for the number. new nests. After 200 years at the Mission, thouof announced swallows have madename a new in •sands Kasner the new forhome the big number next book, altering theclubhouse, spelling. the eaves in of his Vellano Country Club’s 50 miles north of the Mission’s ruins.

• Sixty years later, Larry Page and Sergey Brin developed a new internet engine.

• An expert ornithologist is search working on anOther ecosearch engines searched each webpage and logical plan, using recordings of mating calls, ranked them according to how many times a inspecific an attempt draw theonswallows the termtoappeared them, butback Pagetoand Mission.

Speakers situated behind statues play Brin designed their search engine to search for the calls,and hoping to lure to the thecourtship specific term then find outthem how many church. links there were that led back to that page, whichyear, resulted better search engine. 23rd, • Every on in thea morning of October •the They they the needed a name Daydecided of San Juan, swallows circlethat the reflected how many websites the community and begin their journey to search Goya, enginethey waswill searching.

They November took the name where arrive about 24th, of Edward Kasner’s very large number, only greeted by a local series of festivals there. Their they misspelled it slightly, so it ended up being preferred nesting the spot same in Goya Sancartoon Martin spelled exactly wayis the Square, where a monument to the swallows has character Barney spelled his last name. What’s been constructed. it called?

(Answer at bottom of page) FACTS • The musicalCOMPUTER group, The Ink Spots, had a hit on in 1940, “When the •the In charts 1981 Bill Gates with said, the “640song kb of memory Swallows Come Back to Capistrano.” After ought to be enough for anybody.” onstates the charts, it was later recorded •reaching Moore’s#4 Law that computer performance bydoubles severalevery others, including Glenn Miller, Guy 18 to 24 months, and ever since Lombardo, andbeen Pat true.

Boone. According to the 1971, this has lyrics, “that’s the day I pray you’ll come • HP, Google, Microsoft, andthat Apple were all back to me!” started in garages.

Answer: Google, from googol.

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