Hemagglutination Assay (HA)

HemagglutinationAssay(HA)

Certainvirusescanagglutinatetheredbloodcellsinsidespecificanimals, whichisdefinedasviralhemagglutination.Ahemagglutinationassay(HA) isdesignedtospeculateavirusinthetestedmaterialsandtestwhether thisreactionisspecific.However,theabilityofavirustoagglutinatered bloodcellscanbeinhibitedbycorrespondingparticularantibodies,which leadstothedevelopmentofhemagglutinationinhibitionassay(HAI). ThroughtheHA-HAItest,aknownserumcanbeusedtoidentifyunknown viruses,andknownvirusescanalsobeappliedtodetectthecontentsof correspondingantibodiesandtitrateantibodiesintheunknownserum.

Hemagglutinationassayisusedincombinationwithinteractionstocreate visiblenetworksthatindicaterelativeviralandantiviralantibody concentrations.

Hemagglutinationassayisamaturemethodwidelyusedintheinfluenza vaccine,diagnostic,andsurveillancecommunitiestomeasurevirusand antibodytitersandmonitorinfluenzasubtypes.Hemagglutinationoccurs whenthehemagglutininproteinonthesurfaceoftheinfluenzavirusbinds tosialicacidonredbloodcells(RBCs).Similarly,withasufficientnumberof

virusesandredbloodcells,thevirusparticlesactasbridgingagentsto createanetworkoflinkedRBCs,therebycausinghemagglutination. Hemagglutinationassayisthemostcommonlyusedmethodforinfluenza virus,adenovirus,rabiesvirus,andmanyothermicro-organismsdetection. Itisthebasisofawiderangeofveterinaryandlifesciencediagnosticassay.

CreativeDiagnosticsprovidesantiviraltestingandcustomizedearly detectionsolutionsforotherlifesciencecompaniesworkinginthefieldof antiviralandinfectiousdiseasediagnosis.Weofferdifferentopportunities tomeettheneedsofourclients,includingawiderangeofanti-virustesting options(e.g.,hemagglutinationassay),aswellasopportunitiestoestablish cooperativeefforts.

OurProcedures

OurFeatures

 Wechooseaplatetypethatcanclearlydistinguishbetweenpositive andnegativeagglutination,whichmayvarydependingonthetypeofred bloodcell.Forexample,whenusinguntreatedredbloodcellsforanalysis,a U-shapedplateissometimesusedinsteadofaV-shapedplate.

 Weusetrypsinizedglutaraldehyde-fixedrabbitredbloodcells becausetrypsintreatmentmakesthecellsmoresensitivetoagglutination, andglutaraldehydefixationallowsthecellstobestoredforlongperiods(>1 month).

 Weextensivelyuseerythrocytesfromdifferentspecies(chicken, guineapig,goose,horse,cow,sheep,rabbit,andhumantypesA,B,AB,and O)andusereferencestandardstostandardizetheexperiment

 Becausetheaggregationcapacityofredbloodcellsdecreasesover time,inordertoensuretherepeatabilityoftheresults,wepreparefresh redbloodcellseverytime.

 HAanalysisissimpleandusesrelativelyinexpensiveandcommonly usedinstrumentsandsupplies,andresultscanbeprovidedwithinhours.

However,thismethodhasbeenwellverifiedinmanylaboratoriesallover theworldandhasacertaindegreeofcredibility,comparability,and standardization.

OurCapabilities

 Adenovirus

 Influenzavirus(IFV)

 Newcastlediseasevirus(NDV)

 Rabiesvirus(RABV)

(Othervirusesormicroorganismsmaybeavailableonrequest)

Wecombineinfectionandanalyticalexpertisetoprovideourclientswith themostpowerfulportfolioofantiviralandantimicrobialinvitrotesting services.Facinganincreasingdemandfornewantiviralandantimicrobial compoundsforthetreatmentofinfectiousdiseases,CreativeDiagnostics cantestthesecompoundsinvitrotodeterminetheirpotentialefficacyin vivomodels.