Can We Live Without Carbs?

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Food & Diabetes Around The World

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Can We Live Without Carbs?

ISSN 2564-2227 (digital) ISSN 2564-2219 (print)

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AGENDA

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THE ROUND TABLE

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FOCUS: Can We Live Without Carbs?

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MATH PROCESSES

12

CROSS-CURRICULAR: English

18

CROSS-CURRICULAR: Careers

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CROSS-CURRICULAR: Culinary Art

21

CROSS-CURRICULAR: Fashion.

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CROSS-CURRICULAR: Geo. & Business

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CROSS-CURRICULAR: History

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DISCOVERIES

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THE KEY TO KNOWLEDGE

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One Topic, One Concept

27

Words & Images

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QUOTES FOR THE BRAIN

29

Pause&Play

30

Artist Corner

36

IN REEL LIFE

37

Sources

44

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AGEN

AGENDA

SUGAR MUSEUMS

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AN ADVENTURE IN THE WORLD OF SUGAR! ➢ Where are they located? ➢ When were they built? ➢ Who built them? ➢ What is special about them? ➢ How can you visit the museum?

Carry out a research task on the museum of your choice.

DA S

UGAR

DAY 1

DAY 2

DAY 3

Zucker-Museum

L'Aventure du Sucre

(GERMANY)

(MAURITIUS)

SUGAR MUSEUM

Of Szerencs

DAY 4

DAY 5

DAY 6

Redpath Sugar Museum (CANADA)

Taiwan Sugar Museum

Sugar Heritage Centre

DAY 7

DAY 8

DAY 9

The Calheta Sugar Cane Mill

Suikermuseum Tienen

(PORTUGAL)

(BELGIUM)

Sugar Hill Children's Museum of Art & Storytelling

(AUSTRALIA)

(UNITED STATES)

DAY 10

DAY 11

DAY 12

Maison du Sucre d’Orge

Mexican Sugar Art Museum

LA MAISON DE LA CANNE

(FRANCE)

(MEXICO)

(MARTINIQUE)

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Why Do Celebrations Involve Eating © Think & Reach

People always include foods and drinks in their budget when they are organizing a birthday party, a wedding reception or any other major event.

To learn more about cultural celebrations, research: «celebrations around the world»

Why do people feel the need to include foods and drinks in celebrations?

I believe that…

In my opinion…

It’s fascinating!

I do not approve of…

I feel that…

As far as I’m concerned,…

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What I regret is…

On a personal note,…

It is unacceptable!

I personally believe that…

What matters to me is…

My idea, my feeling, my opinion is that…

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I agree that…

What really matters, is...

Join The Debate!

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Focus © Think & Reach Photo by nrd on Unsplash

DIABETES: FACTS Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to meet the body’s needs or the body does not use enough of the insulin produced.

Unfortunately, globally 1 in 5 people over the age of 65 (International Diabetes Federation). In 2019, the number of people with diabetes worldwide was 463 million, up from 108 million in 1980, and this number

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is predicted to skyrocket to more than 700 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation; World Health Organization).

Although the factors that influence the development of diabetes are different for everyone, factors such as rapid urbanization, an increase in sedentary behaviours (more sitting and less walking, biking, etc.), and changes in the foods we eat and how we eat them have significantly contributed to the overall increase in global diabetes cases (Hu 1249). occurrences of diabetes continue to rise, affecting

FOOD & DIABETES In many parts of the world, food has an important cultural meaning that goes beyond simply providing nutrition (Goody and Drago 44). The types of food we eat and the way food is prepared differs from country to country and these factors play a major role in our health and wellness.

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Focus

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ASIAN DIET © Think & Reach

For example, in many Asian countries, such as Taiwan, Singapore, and China, rice makes up 30% of people’s energy needs, which contributes to a higher risk of diabetes due to the high carbohydrate count and low nutritional value of refined rice (Mora and Golden 4). The diet in these countries also consists of other high-carbohydrate foods such as porridge, steamed buns, noodles, and thick, starchy soups, which all contribute to the area’s high rate of diabetes. Similarly, in south Asian countries such as India, common foods include rice, roti, flat breads, potatoes, and desserts such as sweet bread, most of which are prepared with large amounts of oil and salt (Mora and Golden 5). As a result of their love for carbohydrate heavy cuisines, Asian countries contribute to 60% of diabetes cases worldwide (Hu 1249).

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“Cheese can help maintain healthy glucose levels.” (“The Benefits and Risks of Cheese for People with Diabetes”) To learn more about this topic, research: «cheese and diabetes»

HISPANIC DIET Similarly, the diet in Hispanic countries, such as Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic, is also carbohydrate heavy. The main foods eaten in these countries include rice, beans, and tortillas, which are often prepared with cooking oil and lard, increasing the amount of saturated fat in the diet (Mora and Golden 2). However, the high fat content of Hispanic food, it is also high in fiber, which can help decrease the diabetes risk.

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Focus

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© Think & Reach

United States all have diets that are high in carbohydrates and fat, and AMERICAN DIET consequently, in 2019, these countries had the highest diabetes worldwide at 116.4 Finally, we come to the American numbers diet. Due to its diverse population, million, 77 million, and 31 million, the diet in America is a combination respectively (IDF Atlas). of many different cuisines from around the world; however, foods Over the years, changes in our such as steaks, hamburgers, and diets, rapid urbanization, and the towards less active fries are considered typical tendency American fare (Kulkarni 190; lifestyles have made diabetes a Warner). Additionally, soul food, concern in every country in the especially developing which has African American roots, world, is commonly eaten by Americans countries, and with a steady rise in living in the southern USA or in cases predicted between now and areas with a low socioeconomic 2045, it appears the world will be status. The soul food diet is high in dealing with diabetes for many cholesterol and sodium and years to come. includes foods such as collard greens, starchy vegetables, rice, grits, muffins, biscuits, pasta, corn bread, fried and breaded meats, and whole milk or buttermilk (Kukarni 190–191).

Food and the significant rise in diabetes cases are undeniably connected. China, India, and the

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Italian Tortillini Photo by Aknazar Arysbek on Unsplash

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Focus

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EUROPEAN DIET © Think & Reach

“Over 33 million people in the EU suffer from diabetes. According to IDF (International Diabetes Federation) data, the absolute number of diabetics in the EU will rise from approximately 33 million in 2010 to 38 million in 2030.”

Spanish Paella Photo by Armando Brenlha on Unsplash

“Diabetes.”

European Commission, 2022, ec.europa.eu/info/research-andinnovation/research-area/health-research-andinnovation/diabetes_en. Accessed 20 Feb. 2022.

Swiss Fondue Photo by Angela Pham on Unsplash

French Quiche Photo by Angèle Kamp on Unsplash

German sausages Photo by Rich Smith on Unsplash

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Focus LIVING WITH DIABETES © Think & Reach

People living with diabetes need to manage their lifestyle carefully.

Some of their daily routine includes:

Daily exercise Planning and cooking their meals Staying hydrated Checking their blook sugar levels Avoiding stressful situations

(Mayo)

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Diabetic people could use some of the following cooking methods to manage their diet :

Grilling

Broiling

Pan-broiling

Simmering

Roasting

Sauteing

Poaching

Stewing

Foil Cooking

Braising (http://facebook.com/diabeticgourmetmagazine)

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M

ath Processes

MATH PROBL EMS

1

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Global occurrences of diabetes continue to rise, affecting 1 in 5 people over the age of 65 (International Diabetes Federation).

• What is the likelihood that older people in your area will have diabetes in ten years or so?

2

Asian countries, such as Taiwan, Singapore, and China, rice makes up 30% of people’s energy needs, which contributes to a higher risk of diabetes due to the high carbohydrate count and low nutritional value of refined rice (Mora and Golden 4).

• In a scenario where rice only made up 15% of Asians energy needs, what would the impact on diabetes be?

• How can you quantify (figures) that impact?

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3

The diet in Hispanic countries, such as Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic, is also carbohydrate heavy. The main foods eaten in these countries include rice, beans, and tortillas.

• Find the percentage of carbs in each of the foods mentioned above.

• Compare the carbs value in each food: which ones have more carbs? Good carbs? Bad carbs?

Asian countries 4 contribute to 60% of diabetes cases worldwide (Hu 1249).

• Deconstruct the typical Asian diet and find the percentage of macronutrients that contribute to this high rate of diabetes.

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M

ath Processes

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5

© Think & Reach

In 2019, the number of people with diabetes worldwide was 463 million, up from 108 million in 1980, and this number is predicted to skyrocket to more than 700 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation; World Health Organization) • What was the annual rate of increase in diabetes from 1980 to 2019?

MATH PROBLEMS

Step 1 Interpret!

What are you being asked to do to solve the Math problem?

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M

ath Processes

MATH PROBLEMS

Step 2

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© Think & Reach

Division?

Subtraction?

Addition?

Multiplication?

➢ Review the Math concepts (Big Ideas) that relate to the Math problem you chose. ➢ Decide which Math skills (ex. Arithmetic skills) make more sense to you, in this context and think about the different ways you can apply them to solve the problem. ➢ Select the formulas you want to work with.

Apply!

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M

ath Processes

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MATH PROBLEMS

Step 3 © Think & Reach

Solve!

How are you using Math skills to solve the problem?

Step 4

How do you know?

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M

ath Processes

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MATH PROBLEMS

Step 5 © Think & Reach

Communicate!

You may use verbal , written , symbolic and/or visual representation to communicate your results.

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M

ath Processes

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MORE MATH PROBLEMS © Think & Reach

If the number of 463 million is predicted to skyrocket to more than 700 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation; World Health Organization)

• What will be the annual rate of increase in diabetes from 2021 to 2045?

1) Asian countries reduce their carbs intake by 15%.

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2) Asian countries reduce their carbs intake by 30%.

3) Asian countries reduce their carbs intake by 50%.

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© Think & Reach

The prefix “dia” comes from the Greek word “Dia”. It means through, throughout, or completely. Ex. Diachronic means over a period of time.

• To carry out a diagnosis (disease) means to completely identify a disease. Ex. A dialysis is the process of cleansing the blood by passing it through a special machine. (“Medical Definition of Dia-”) • Fill the word wall with other words made with the prefix “dia”. Add the definition of each word.

WORD WALL

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© Think & Reach

This food is delicious and nutritious.

1. Find words containing “NUTRI”. What do those words mean?

2. Make sentences in different tenses with each of those new words.

NUTRI

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“Dietitians use food and nutrition to help patients manage acute and chronic health concerns.” (“Learn about Being a Dietitian | Indeed.com”)

Photo by S O C I A L . C U T on Unsplash

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Dietetic technicians Public Health Educators Naturopathic Physicians

E! EXPLOR

• • • • •

What school and college/university courses do you have to take to become a dietitian?

What is the status of this profession in your country?

How does a dietitian become a clinical dietitian?

What is the average salary of a dietitian?

What is the future of that profession?

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CULINARy ART

© Think & Reach

Some of the best foods for diabetic people include:

Salmon, sardines, herring, anchovies, and mackerel.

Leaves and veggies like kale and spinach, broccoli.

Avocados

Beans Nuts

Garlic Eggs

Chia seeds

Flaxseeds

Strawberries

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Apple cider vinegar Squash

Extra vir olive gin oil

Why are these foods good for people with diabetes

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© Think & Reach

Silk fabric can be made with orange How does it work? peels.

What is the impact on the environment?

What other foods are used to make fabrics and/or fashion accessories?

Find out!

DESIGN SKILLS Think about an outfit you could make with the fabric described above. What would you make?

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• Where is insulin produced in the world?

• Who are the manufacturers?

biggest

insulin

© Think & Reach

• What percentage of the insulin market is controlled by the biggest insulin manufacturers?

• How much profit manufacturers make?

do

those

• How is insulin dispatched (regulations and transportation) in the rest of the world?

• What percentage of the world's insulin needs are met?

Research facts about insulin and design an annotated map to communicate the results of your research.

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The history of insulin © Think & Reach

Insulin was discovered in 1889 by two researchers from Germany, Oskar Minkowski and Joseph Von Mering. (“The History of a Wonderful Thing We Call Insulin | ADA”)

• When was insulin first used in humans?

• How did the discovery of insulin evolve from 1889 to the present day?

Draw an annotated timeline illustrate your answers.

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to

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« Artificial Pancreas »

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Type 1 diabetics cannot rely on their pancreas anymore because it no longer produces insulin. This hormone, which is responsible for regulating blood sugar, could be replaced by the "artificial pancreas". For this innovation to be successful, a smart pump, a blood glucose sensor and an artificial intelligence system must be used. The artificial pancreas should therefore distribute insulin autonomously.

Berbedj, Loana. “Le CHU de La Réunion Expérimente Le Pancréas Artificiel Pour Traiter Le Diabète | Les Echos.” Les Echos, Les Echos, 2 Feb. 2021, https://www.lesechos.fr/pme-regions/outre-mer/le-chu-de-la-reunion-experimente-lepancreas-artificiel-pour-traiter-le-diabete-1286673.

Did You Know?

High blood sugar is linked to brain atrophy and shrinkage. (Roberts et al.)

To learn more about this topic, research: «High blood sugar and the brain»

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F THE ROLE O

PANCREA S © Think & Reach

We can live without some organs like the spleen, the appendix, the gallbladder...

But what about the pancreas?

➢ What is the role of pancreas in our body?

(Laliberte et al.) ➢ What biological & chemical mechanisms allow the pancreas to play that role? ➢ What happens when we In your country: • How many people had nondo not have a pancreas? essential organs removed Organ means “that with wich one works”. It comes from the Greek word organon, the Old English organe, and the Old French orgene. (“Definition of ORGAN”)

What Math Concepts and skills can you use to find these figures?

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• •

•

last year?

How many people need an organ transplant now?

How many people died last year because they did not have an organ donor?

How many of those people were women? Men? Girls?

Boys?

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One Topic, One Concept

GLUCOSE IN OUR BOD Y

Blood glucose is the sugar that travels in our bloodstream through our cells. Blood glucose or blood sugar is converted from the carbohydrates foods we eat.

© Think & Reach

Watson, Stephanie. “What Is Glucose?” WebMD, WebMD, 20 Aug. 2016, www.webmd.com/diabetes/glucose-diabetes.A

•

Which organs are negatively affected by high blood glucose in our body? Fill the graphic organizer below.

high blood glucose

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What does this mean? © Think & Reach Photo by Rebecca Freeman on Unsplash

Give me some sugar.

In groups!

Find the origin and meaning of each phrase.

Draw a picture to illustrate the phrases.

(“Sugar - Idioms by The Free Dictionary”)

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AT D

THIN

O

YOU

W K? H

© Think & Reach

“The lack of carbohydrates can make you a little crazy.

Read more at.” ― Tom Hardy – (brainyquotes.com)

“The biggest issue by far is that carbohydrates are absolutely at the cornerstone of all of our major degenerative conditions.” ― David Perlmutter (brainyquotes.com) “The science supporting the relationship between carbohydrates and dementia is quite exciting, as it paves the way for lifestyle changes that can profoundly affect a person's chances of remaining intact, at least from a brain perspective.” ― David Perlmutter (brainyquotes.com)

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“The food we eat goes beyond its macronutrients of carbohydrates, fat and protein. It's information. It interacts with and instructs our genome with every mouthful, changing genetic expression.”

― David Perlmutter (brainyquotes.com) “Our brain is essentially programmed to enjoy carbohydrates because they give us a sense of fullness and a rush of pleasure. When people go on low-carb diets, they start to almost subconsciously experience distress from eating carbohydrates.” ― Charles Duhigg (brainyquotes.com)

“It's not the fat that's making you fat: it's not understanding separating carbohydrates from protein and fat.” ― Suzanne Somers (brainyquotes.com)

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B

© Think & Reach

«Draw And Win!»

C

D

Person A quickly draws a food that is suitable for people with diabetes.

Person B guesses the food’s name and briefly explains why the food is suitable for diabetic people.

E Mimic a family doctor at work. Person A plays the role of a family doctor who is advising a patient who just found out that s/he is pre-diabetic. Then they switch roles and advise the pre-diabetic patient on what to do to reduce his or her blood sugar level.

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F •Game of Associations Person A names a cooking method diabetic people could use to manage their diet. Person B explains how the method works and Person C performs an action to illustrate the method. The three persons switch roles.

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Why are the following foods bad for diabetic people? a) Outline each image. b) On or next to each food, write a scientific explanation on how the consumption of the food impacts people with diabetics. c) cut out your puzzle and e) have someone assemble it. © Think & Reach

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Foods that are naturally sweet:

© Think & Reach (“Naturally Sweet Foods: The Most Satvik of All as per Ayurveda”) Thewordsearch.com, thewordsearch.com/puzzle/3336889/foods-that-are-naturally-sweet/downloadable/#google_vignette

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CRYPTOGRAM Cryptogram - The date palm Factors that influence the development of diabetes

© Think & Reach

Decode the message.

Each letter in the phrase has been replaced with a random letter or number.

Try to decode the message. https://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogram/result

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Palm – Hidden Message Diabetes and Lifestyle Hidden Message

© Think & Reach

This puzzle is a word search puzzle that has a hidden message in it.

First find all the words in the list.

Words can go in any direction and share letters as well as cross over each other.

Once you find all the words. Copy the unused letters starting in the top left corner into the blanks to reveal the hidden message. https://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/hidden-message/result

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Palm – Hiddenthe Message Unscramble tiles Insulin

© Think & Reach https://www.puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/letter-tiles/result

Unscramble the tiles to reveal a message.

Each tile is used only once.

Use spacing, punctuation and common words to find adjacent tiles.

Some words may be split into two lines. https://www.puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/letter-tiles/result

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Use your talent to send a cultural message to people from your community and beyond.

Email your creative piece to connect@thinkandreach.com to have it published in: Think & Reach Magazine.

© Think & Reach

Paint or draw a message about a healthy eating habits.

Create A Rhythm!

Create and present a choreography on the impact of unhealthy eating habits.

Create and present a play on health challenges.

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1

CHOOSE A

How does regular Exercise impact blood sugar levels?

QUES TION © Think & Reach

Why should People with diabetes drink a lot of water?

4

3 How does

fiber intake help manage diabetes?

6

8

What is the role of chromium and magnesium in a diabetic diet?

10

9

How do stress levels impact blood sugar levels?

Can a No-Carb diet help reverse diabetes?

2

5 How good is berberine for diabetes?

7 Eating low-glycemic-

index foods: is it the solution for people with diabetes?

What happens when a diabetic person does not get enough sleep?

What is the relationship between cinnamon extract and insulin?

11

Should people with diabetes drink apple cider vinegar?

Use the Scientific Method to conduct an inquiry and find answers.

To learn more about the Scientific Method, look up: «Scientific Method» on the Internet.

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Authentic Performance Task 1 © Think & Reach

oal ole

udience ituation erformance tandards

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Authentic Performance Task 2 © Think & Reach

oal ole

udience ituation erformance tandards

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Authentic Performance Task 3 © Think & Reach

oal ole

udience ituation erformance tandards

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Authentic Performance Task 4 © Think & Reach

oal ole

udience ituation erformance tandards

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Authentic Performance Task 5 © Think & Reach

oal ole

udience ituation erformance tandards

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Authentic Performance Task 6 © Think & Reach

oal ole

udience ituation erformance tandards

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SOURCES Unsplash. “Photo by Sam Moqadam on Unsplash.” Unsplash.com, unsplash.com/photos/eJS829agC88.

Accessed 18 Feb. 2022.

Unsplash. “Photo by Nrd on Unsplash.” Unsplash.com, unsplash.com/photos/TaCipAi3f58. Accessed 18 Feb. 2022.

Unsplash. “Photo by Adam Bartoszewicz on Unsplash.” Unsplash.com, unsplash.com/photos/7OzRWWBS6d4. Accessed 18 Feb. 2022.

© Think & Reach

“Reading Horizons.” Readinghorizons.com, 2019, www.readinghorizons.com/reading-strategies/list-ofreading-strategies.

Roberts, R. O., et al. “Association of Type 2 Diabetes with Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Impairment.” Neurology, vol. 82, no. 13, 19 Mar. 2014, pp. 1132–1141, 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000269. Accessed 11 Oct. 2019.

Laliberte, Marissa, et al. “9 Organs You Can Actually Live Without.” Reader’s Digest, www.readersdigest.ca/health/healthy-living/what-organs-can-you-live-without/.

“Definition of ORGAN.” Merriam-Webster.com, 2019, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/organ.

Watson, Stephanie. “What Is Glucose?” WebMD, WebMD, 20 Aug. 2016, www.webmd.com/diabetes/glucose-diabetes.

“Naturally Sweet Foods: The Most Satvik of All as per Ayurveda.” Ayurvedum, 23 Apr. 2019, www.ayurvedum.com/sweet-food/. Accessed 19 Feb. 2022.

“Download Word Search on Foods That Are Naturally Sweet.” Thewordsearch.com, thewordsearch.com/puzzle/3336889/foods-that-are-naturallysweet/downloadable/#google_vignette. Accessed 20 Feb. 2022. https://www.puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogram/result https://www.puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/hidden-message/result https://www.puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/letter-tiles/result “The Benefits and Risks of Cheese for People with Diabetes.” Healthline, 23 Oct. 2017, www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/cheese#benefits. Accessed 20 Feb. 2022.

“Diabetes.” European Commission, 2022, ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/research-area/healthresearch-and-innovation/diabetes_en. Accessed 20 Feb. 2022.

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SOURCES Fruit Logistica 2022 | Tong Engineering. tongengineering.com/events/fruit-logistica-2022/. Accessed 23 Feb. 2022.

Unsplash. “Photo by Aknazar Arysbek on Unsplash.” Unsplash.com, unsplash.com/photos/NWP187_Bya4.

Accessed 20 Feb. 2022.

Unsplash. “Photo by Rich Smith on Unsplash.” Unsplash.com, unsplash.com/photos/15tRu0OgPUk. Accessed 20 Feb. 2022.

© Think & Reach

Unsplash. “Photo by Angèle Kamp on Unsplash.” Unsplash.com, unsplash.com/photos/MQIX_RR3D5Q. Accessed 20 Feb. 2022.

Unsplash. “Photo by Angela Pham on Unsplash.” Unsplash.com, unsplash.com/photos/vo7GGTh6sXM. Accessed 20 Feb. 2022.

Mayo Clinic. “Diabetes Management: How Lifestyle, Daily Routine Affect Blood Sugar.” Mayo Clinic, 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-management/art-20047963. http://facebook.com/diabeticgourmetmagazine. “Diabetic Cooking: Methods for a Healthier Diabetic Diet | Diabetic Gourmet Magazine.” Diabetic Gourmet Magazine, 25 Jan. 2017, diabeticgourmet.com/articles/Diabetic-Cooking-Diabetic-Diet.

Warner, Jennifer. American Diet Ups Your Risk of Diabetes: Eating too Much High-Fat Meat, not Enough Fish, Contributing to Diabetes Epidemic. WebMD, 23 Jun. 2003, https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/news/20030620/american-diet-ups-your-risk-of-diabetes.

“Worldwide Toll of Diabetes.” IDF Diabetes Atlas, https://diabetesatlas.org/en/sections/worldwide-toll- of-diabetes.html.

Unsplash. “Photo by Benjamin Lizardo on Unsplash.” Unsplash.com, unsplash.com/photos/ZlFwCWSU7Rc. Accessed 22 Feb. 2022.

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© Think & Reach Photo by Laura Cortesi on Unsplash

Morocco Photo by Teddy Charti on Unsplash

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