The Geo Workbook part B

B

W.B. ten Brinke a.o.

www.

degeo-online .nl

workbook

1

havo/vwo English

edition

B workbook

1

havo/vwo English

edition

Authors / Editors drs. W.B. ten Brinke drs. Chr. de Jong drs. J.H.A. Padmos

2

Overview of The Geo 1-3 havo/vwo

Acknowledgements

978 9006 64158 5

Guide

978 9006 64159 2 978 9006 64160 8 978 9006 64162 2 978 9006 64163 9 978 9006 64165 3 978 9006 64166 0

Coursebook 1 havo/vwo Workbook 1 havo/vwo Coursebook 2 havo/vwo Workbook 2 havo/vwo Coursebook 3 havo/vwo Workbook 3 havo/vwo

The Geo workbook 1 hv is part of the geography method De Geo Geordend.

The founders of this method are Prof. R. Tamsma, H. Dragt and W.A. Hofland (since 1968) and J. Bos and Dr J. Hofker (since 1970).

www.degeo-online.nl

Design HollandseWerken / Marc Freriks, Zwolle Layout in2vorm / Gerard Makkinga, Barchem Cartographic drawings and graphs EMK, deventer www.emk.nl Translation Taalcentrum-VU, Amsterdam English-language editors Caroline Sitskoorn and Jan Padmos

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3

Content

Content 5 Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe

Start 4 §1 Influence of the Gulf Stream 5 §2 Relief and climate 8 §3 Europe: climate and vegetation 11 §4 In the Alps: the Rhône Valley 14 A different approach • Zoom in: Climate in the Netherlands 17 • Menu of options 19 Finish 21

6 The Netherlands in the world

22

Start 22 §1 Travelling: the Netherlands and abroad 23 §2 International contacts 26 §3 Schiphol - international hub 29 §4 Port of Rotterdam 32 A different approach • Zoom in: A trip through the Netherlands 35 • Menu of options 36 Finish 39

7 Natural disasters in Japan

4

40

Start 40 §1 Japan: country in the Ring of Fire 41 §2 The Great East Japan Disaster 45 §3 Talas rages over Japan 48 §4 Sources: Dealing with natural disasters 51 A different approach • Zoom in: Mystery on Sulawesi 54 • Menu of options 54 Finish 56

8 Spain: country and population

57

Start 57 §1 Sources: Focus on... Spain 58 §2 Viva España 62 §3 Too hot and too dry 65 §4 City of Gaudí 68 A different approach • Zoom in: Agua para todos (Water for everyone) 71 • Menu of options 72 Finish 74

Projects 77

4

Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe

5

Start

Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe 2

Main question How do you explain the climates and original natural vegetation in Europe?

a On the map of Europe in W2, mark the places with climate records. b In W2, write down what the record is for.

Choose from: wet, dry (2x), cold, warm, snow.

Subquestions §1 §2 §3 §4

1

W2

What is the influence of the Gulf Stream?

How does the relief affect the climate?

What are the characteristics of the climates in Europe, and how do they influence the natural vegetation?

What is the relationship between climate, relief and habitation in high mountainous regions?

Weatherrecords in Europe.

tic A tla n

Oc

ea

n

Read Start in your coursebook.

a Fill in the overview of climate records in W1. b Look at the photo. Which climate record does this photo belong to?

Black Sea

Mediterranean Sea

c How can you tell?

0

1,000

2,000 km

1 : 125,000,000

W1

1 Crkvice (Montenegro)

3 Astrakhan (Russia)

5 Säntis (Switzerland)

2 Ust-Shchugar (Urals)

4 Athens (Greece)

6 Almería (Spain)

Weather records.

Subject

Record

Where?

Drought

less than

Almería

200 mm rain

Astrakhan

Precipitation Temperature

3

Look through the chapter in your coursebook.

Find photos that most clearly show one of the following climate characteristics.

Figure drought cool summers cold winters A lot of precipitation

§1

5

Influence of the Gulf Stream

1 Influence of the Gulf Stream

§

1

Read From warm to cold in your coursebook and look at Figure 1.

W3

Climate zones in Europe.

a Describe the temperature differences between Northern and Southern Europe.

............... N

b Do the same for the differences between east and west.

c Which differences are due to latitude?

2

Read G39 Climate zones in the Geo Guide and use Figure 2.9.

............... N

a In W3, fill in the latitudes and the names of the climate zones. b Colour the polar circle in red and mark the boundary of the subtropical zone in blue. Colour in the temperate zone. c Describe the location and characteristics of the temperate zone.

0

4

d Which climate zones is Europe in?

a What is the main difference between temperatures above land and temperatures above sea?

3

Read G38 Latitude and temperature in the Geo Guide.

a The sun’s rays do not give off much heat in the polar regions. Give two reasons.

1

2

b Use G38 to explain the temperature differences between Northern and Southern Europe.

Read G43 Temperatures above land and sea in the Geo Guide.

500 km

250

1 : 45,000,000

b What causes this?

5

Read G44 Onshore and offshore winds in the Geo Guide and use Figure 2.12.

Why does an onshore wind have a different effect in summer than in winter?

6

Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe

W4

Temperatures above land and sea. (wind direction)

A

5

c Why is the port of Hammerfest accessible for seagoing ships in winter?

sea

4 ºC

....... ºC

....... ºC

summer / winter

8

..................................................... wind

B

sea

16 ºC

I n the atlas, find the map De aarde Klimaatgebieden/Zeestromen (The Earth Climate Zones/Ocean Currents).

a Havana is near the Gulf of Mexico. What is the latitude of Havana? ....... ºC

....... ºC

summer / winter ..................................................... wind

C

sea

16 ºC

....... ºC

27 ºC

..................................................... wind

b Circle the regions that benefit from the Gulf Stream.

Western Europe

Canada

Greenland

Italy

Iceland

Southern Portugal

Eastern US (with New York)

Norway

c Why is the temperature of the Gulf Stream lower in Northern Norway than it is in the Gulf of Mexico?

6

Use Figure 2.12 in the Geo Guide.

a Put the temperatures in the correct places in W4. Choose from 20, 26, -2, 4, 16. Fill in onshore or offshore wind.

Choose from summer or winter. b In which drawings does the seawater have a moderating effect on the land temperature?

9

A different approach

Read The polar night and midsummer night in your coursebook. a Why doesn’t the sun rise in Hammerfest in winter?

c What happens if the wind is an offshore wind?

b Go to www.degeo-online.nl use Street View and webcam to describe the landscape of Hammerfest.

7

In your coursebook, read The Gulf Stream and westerly wind and The polar night and midsummer night.

a In winter it is warmer on the coasts of Western and Northern Europe than in the interior. Which two factors explain this?

c Use www.degeo-online.nl compare the winter and summer temperatures in Resolute, Canada (at 74° N) and Hammerfest.

1

2

b Why is it the other way round in summer?

d Why does Hammerfest belong to the temperate zone, rather than the polar region? Use the following terms in your answer: ocean current, Gulf Stream, onshore wind, westerly wind, polar circle.

§1

7

Influence of the Gulf Stream

Revision

11 Make the summary of §1 on www.degeo-online.nl.

10 Do the crossword puzzle.

W5

1 2 3 4 5

Crossword puzzle.

CLUES Across Temperature zone.

The sun doesn’t set for months.

The opposite of a land wind.

Even in summer it is too cold for trees.

Wind that blows away from the land.

Down 1 These are caused when the wind blows from the same direction for a long time.

2 What is the latitude at the polar circle called?

3 It is not very hot or very cold there.

4 Wind that blows from the sea towards the land.

5 It comes from Mexico.

6 Named after the tropics, but is located at temperate latitude.

7 Where you are at 66½° N? 8 What is the latitude at the equator called?

Things you should know and things you should be able to do CB • • • •

how latitude influences temperatures in Europe the climate zones of Europe how the Gulf Stream influences temperatures in Europe how onshore westerly winds influence temperatures in Europe

WB • W3: Climate zones in Europe • W4: Temperatures above land and sea • W5: Crossword puzzle GG • G38 Latitude and temperature

• G39 Climate Zones • G43 Temperatures above land and sea • G44 Onshore and offshore winds Terms Coursebook: climate zones, Gulf Stream, high latitude, latitude, low latitude, ocean current, onshore wind, polar circle, polar night, polar regions, subtropics, temperate zone Geo Guide: atmosphere, circle of latitude, climate zones, high latitude, land wind, latitude, low latitude, midsummer night, offshore wind, polar circle, polar night, polar regions, sea wind, subtropics, temperate zone, tropics www.degeo-online.nl

8

Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe

5

2 Relief and climate

ยง

1

Read G77 Relief in the Geo Guide.

3.17:

a What is relief?

3.18:

b What relief forms are there in the Netherlands?

3

Read Landform and relief in Europe in your coursebook. Use a relief map of Europe in the atlas.

c Fill in the relief forms in the legend of W6. d In the cross-section in W6, draw in the heights of the four relief forms. e Colour in the figure according to the legend. f Fill in the terms plain and plateau in the correct places in W6.

2

Read G77 Relief in the Geo Guide and use Figures 3.15 to 3.18.

Each relief form has a typical landscape. In hilly landscapes you see many fields and meadows. Write down the characteristics of the photos.

3.15:

3.16:

W6

Relief.

a Why is Europe a peninsula?

b Describe a striking characteristic of the landform of Europe.

c In W7, mark the location of Mont Blanc with an X. d Fill in the names of the high mountain ranges.

1

2

3

4

5

6

e Use the atlas to find the lowlands of Western and Eastern Europe. In W7, colour or shade this in.

m

W7

3,000

High mountain ranges in Europe.

2,500

2,000

A

ti tlan

cO

ce

an

6

3

1,500

1,000

500

1

4 5

2

0 relief brown .................................................

yellow .................................................

orange .................................................

green .................................................

lowland 0

500 1 : 60,000,000

1,000 km

Med iterranea n Sea

high mountain range

9

Relief and climate

4

Find a map of Europe in the atlas.

6

a Write down the names of four large peninsulas in Europe.

1

2

3

4

Read Relief and precipitation and look at Figure 8.

Describe striking differences in precipitation.

b Write down the names of four large islands.

7

Read G49 Relief rainfall in the Geo Guide and use Figure 8 in your coursebook.

1

2

3

a In W8, fill in the place names Lillehammer and Sundsvall in the correct place under A and B. b Which two terms from G49 do 1 and 2 refer to?

4

1

c Which four large rivers have their source in the Alps?

2

1

2

c In W8, fill in the correct terms (from G49) in the boxes. d Use the terms in G49 to explain the differences in precipitation in Figure 8.

3

4

ยง2

5

Read Relief and temperature in your coursebook and look at Figure 8.

8

a Describe striking temperature differences.

Read Relief and precipitation in your coursebook. Find the map Europa Klimaat (Europe - Climate) in the atlas.

a Why is there more precipitation in Amsterdam than in Kiev?

b Explain those differences.

b Why does it rain a lot in Northern Spain? (Find a map of relief in Europe in the atlas.)

W8 2,000

c Write down another example of a region that has a lot of precipitation for the same reason as in question 8b.

Precipitation in Scandinavia.

m

1,500

9

1+2 1,000

500 A 0

B Mountains

A different approach

Use the internet and G77 Relief in the Geo Guide. a Find four photos that show the relief in Europe. Make a caption for each photo. Collect your photos in a digital file. b Find three examples of an indented coast. Collect your photos in a digital file.

10

Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe

5

11

Revision

a Make the summary of §2 on www.degeo-online.nl. b Test your knowledge of §2 on www.degeo-online.nl.

10 Use Things you should know and things you should be able to do to fill in W9.

W9

Relief and climate.

20

°C

koele summer ....................................

10 .....................

0 –10 winter

20

.....................

influence of.. ....................................

10 klimaatscheiding .................................... warme winter ....................................

°C

2,800 meter

..................... summer

klimaatscheiding .................................... warme winter .................................... koele summer .................................... °C

0

..................... .....................

mountains like... ....................................

–10

..................................... winter

summer

the higher ....................................

1.500 meter .....................

....................................

every m ....................................

°C colder ....................................

.....................................

mountains .....................................

.....................................

.....................................

°C

meter 500 ..................... .....................................

meter 200 .....................

sea .....................................

land

0 meter

relief

Things you should know and things you should be able to do CB • the characteristics of landform and relief in Europe • how mountains can be a dividing line between two climates • three types of relationship: – between relief and temperature: the higher the altitude, the colder it gets – between relief and precipitation: relief rainfall and rain shadow – between onshore winds and the lack of relief: influence of the sea on the interior WB • W6: relief • W7: high mountain ranges in Europe • W8: precipitation in Scandinavia • W9: relief and climate

GG • G49 Relief rainfall • G77 Relief Terms Coursebook: glacier, Gulf Stream, high latitude, high mountain range, indented coast, lowland, onshore wind, peninsula, perpetual snow, rain shadow, relief, relief rainfall Geo Guide: high mountain range, hills, leeward side, lowland, low mountain range, plain, plateau, precipitation, rain shadow, relief, relief rainfall, windward side www.degeo-online.nl

§3

11

Europe: climate and vegetation

3 Europe: climate and vegetation

§

1

Read Sea climate and Continental climate in your coursebook.

W10

Temperatures in Moscow and De Bilt.

ºC

25

a Write down the two main characteristics of a sea climate.

1

2

De Bilt 20

Moscow

15

10

b Why doesn’t the Netherlands have a Mediterranean climate?

5

0

c What is the main characteristic of a continental climate?

−5

−10

j

2

Read Winter in Russia in your coursebook and look at the photo.

W11

How can you tell that this is a continental climate?

f

m

a

m

j

j

a

s

o

n

d month

Precipitation in Moscow and De Bilt.

mm 90 De Bilt 80

3

Use Figures 9 and 11 in your coursebook. Use G63 Climate chart in the Geo Guide.

a Use Figure 2.31 in the Geo Guide to revise the characteristics of a climate chart. b Fill in the temperature data of Figures 9 and 11 in W10.

Don’t forget the legend. c Put the precipitation figures in Figure 11 into W11. d Look at W10 and W11. What is the main difference between the two climates?

Moscow

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

4

Use Figures 9 and 10 in your coursebook.

a Compare the precipitation. What is the main difference?

b Compare the temperatures. What is the main difference?

0

j

f

m

a

m

j

j

a

s

o

n

d month

12

Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe

5

7

Use Figure 10 in your coursebook and read Sea climate.

5

Look at Figure 12 in your coursebook.

a What characteristic makes Figure 12 a tundra climate?

a Use the information in W12 to make a climate chart in W13. b Read Sea climate in your coursebook. Which climate does W13 show?

b Where does that climate occur in Europe?

c What two main things are the same as in Figure 10?

c What temperature factor causes this climate?

8

d What is the main difference from Figure 10?

In the Geo Guide, read G101 Deciduous forest, G102 Coniferous forest (taiga) and G103 Tundra.

Look at Figure 4.7 too.

a What is permafrost?

W12

Climate table for Almería.

month temperature °C precipitation mm

J F M A M J 12 13 15 16 19 23 23 21 15 20 14 10

month temperature °C precipitation mm

J 26 1

A 26 1

S 24 12

O 20 28

N 16 28

D 14 23

b The temperature has a strong influence on the vegetation.

Fill in the diagram in W14. c Why it is difficult to dig a deep hole in the tundra?

W13 120

Climate chart for Almería.

mm

ºC

9 30

Find the map Europa - Klimaat/Temperatuur in januari/juli (Europe - Climate/Temperatures in January/July) in the atlas.

100

25

a Describe the temperature differences between Moscow and London in January and July.

80

20

60

15

40

10

20

5

b What temperature is typical of the climate in Moscow?

0

j

f

m

a

m

j

j

a

s

o

n

d month

0

c Describe the temperature differences between Helsinki and Athens in summer and winter.

6

Read Continental climate and Tundra climate in your coursebook.

Describe the difference between a tundra climate and a continental climate.

d Explain those differences.

§3

13

Europe: climate and vegetation

W14

Climate and vegetation.

Characteristic

Climate

Vegetation

Where in figure 4.7?

Winter: colder than -3°C

Winter: warmer than -3°C

Summer: colder than 10°C

10 Find the map Oorspronkelijke plantengroei (Original Vegetation) on the map sheet Europa Fysisch milieu (Europe - Physical environment).

Use Figure 14 in your coursebook.

13 Make the summary of §3 on www.degeo-online.nl.

a What three types of original vegetation are there around Moscow?

1

2

3

CB

b What type of vegetation would you not expect in that climate (use Figure 14 in your coursebook)?

c What original vegetation is there east of Kiev?

d How can you explain this, when you look at the climate? Use Figure 14 in your coursebook.

11

Things you should know and things you should be able to do

A different approach

Use the text of §3 in your coursebook, and G100 Landscape zones: from warm to cold, G101 Deciduous forest, and G102 Coniferous forest (taiga) in the Geo Guide. You are going to find out about the characteristics of climates in Europe. To do this assignment, go to www.degeo-online.nl.

Revision 12 Which climate is described?

January temperature -4 °C July temperature 9.2 °C precipitation in July 12 mm January 2°C, July 18 °C January 6°C, July 24 °C precipitation per year 230 mm

• the characteristics of the main climates in Europe: – sea climate – continental climate – Mediterranean climate – tundra climate – dry climate • the relationship between climate and vegetation WB • W10 and W11: the difference between a sea climate and a continental climate • W13: dry climate GG • SKILLS G63 Climate chart • G100 Landscape zones: from warm to cold • G101 Deciduous forest • G102 Coniferous forest (taiga) • G103 Tundra Terms Coursebook: continental climate, dry climate, Mediterranean climate, onshore wind, polar regions, sea climate, tree line, tundra, tundra climate Geo Guide: coniferous forest belt, deciduous forest belt, heterogeneous forest, permafrost, subtropics, taiga, tundra www.degeo-online.nl

14

Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe

5

4 In the Alps: the Rhône Valley

§

1

Look at Figure 4.11 in the Geo Guide.

a How does habitation in Europe compare with other parts of the world?

f What is the link between Figures 19 and 20?

5

Look at Figure 19 or 20 in your coursebook.

b How do you explain habitation? Remember relief and climate.

a Where in Switzerland is the Rhône Valley?

b What lake does the Rhône flow into?

2

Read Habitation in Europe in your coursebook.

a Why do few people live in the Alps?

c Calculate the length of the Rhône Valley from the source to the big lake.

6

b Find another example of a sparsely populated region in Europe. You can use the Europa - Bevolking (Europe Population) map in the atlas.

3

Look at Figure 17 in your coursebook.

a Approximately how much precipitation is there per year?

a What two factors cause the differences between the valley and mountains?

c How is it similar to a tundra climate?

1

2

b What is special about the climate differences in the Alps?

b In what form does most of the precipitation fall?

Read The Rhône Valley in your coursebook.

7

Read The Rhône Valley in your coursebook.

a In W15 and W16, colour the temperature line in red. b Describe the temperature differences between W15 and W16.

4

Look at Figures 19 and 20 in your coursebook.

a What relief forms occur a lot in Switzerland?

b Where is the population density highest in Switzerland?

c What causes these differences? Look at the contour lines.

d Write down the correct climate name in the two charts.

(Look at §3 if you can’t remember the characteristics.)

8

c What is the relief like in that region?

I n your coursebook, read The Rhône Valley and use Figures 16 and 18.

a Describe the land use and habitation in Figure 16.

d Where is the population density lowest in Switzerland?

e What is the relief like in that region?

§4

15

In the Alps: the Rhône Valley

W15

W16

Climate chart for Sion.

altitude: 482 m mm

ºC

mm

ºC

25

70

60

20

60

20

50

15

50

15

40

10

40

10

30

5

30

5

20

0

20

0

10

−5

10

−5

−10

0

70

0

j

f

m

a

m

j

j

a

s

o

n

d month

b Describe the land use and habitation in Figure 18.

j

f

m

a

m

j

j

a

s

o

n

d month

25

−10

d What types of tourism are there in the side valleys of the Rhône Valley?

c Explain the differences.

10

A different approach

You are going to the Top of Europe on a train. How? Look on www.degeo-online.nl.

9

Use Figures 16 and 18 in your coursebook.

Read G42 Altitude belts in the Geo Guide and look at Figure 2.11.

a Compare Figure 16 with the drawing of the altitude belts.

Which two altitude belts can you see in Figure 16?

b What are the characteristics of the altitude belts in Figure 16?

c Compare Figure 18 with the drawing of the altitude belts.

What is the main altitude belt?

Climate chart for Zermatt.

altitude: 1,638 m

Revision 11 a In W17, fill in the following words on the lines in the figure itself and in the legend. land, sea, extensive, intensive, high mountain range, high, low b Fill in the numbers for the altitude belts in the correct circles in W17.

Altitude belts: 1 perpetual snow 2 alpine meadow 3 deciduous forest 4 rocky belt 5 coniferous forest 12 Make the summary of §4 on www.degeo-online.nl.

16

Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe

W17

Mountain and valley.

Things you should know and things you should be able to do CB • the natural conditions that make most of Europe fit for habitation • the natural conditions that make it difficult to live on high mountain ranges • that there are important differences between the climate and relief of mountains and valleys • describe and explain how those differences affect land use and habitation WB • compare the climate charts in W15 and W16 • W17: mountain and valley

GG • G41 Altitude belts • Figure 4.11 Terms Coursebook: agriculture, alpine meadow, altitude belts, continental climate, glacial river, high mountain range, lowland, mountainous climate, population density, relief, sea climate, tourism, tundra climate Geo Guide: alpine meadow, altitude belts, coniferous forest belt, deciduous forest belt, perpetual snow, rocky belt, tree line www.degeo-online.nl

5

17

A different approach | Zoom in

A Zoom in

Climate in the Netherlands

Do this assignment in a group of two or three. You are going to look at the weather in your own surroundings. First, you are going to describe and explain the differences in the Netherlands.

1

2

Go to www.degeo-online.nl and find the site with the KNMI climate atlas. ind the following maps under the subject F Temperature.

– Average temperature. N.B. In the box Kies kaart (Choose map), select “jaar” (year).

– Average number of summer days – Average number of frost days – Average number of days with a hard frost a Save each map in a computer file. Type in the answers to the questions, or write them down below. b For each map, describe the differences between the parts of the Netherlands.

– Average annual temperature

c Explain the differences using the following sections in the Geo Guide: G43 Temperatures above land and sea G44 Onshore and offshore winds G45 Ocean currents

3

– Average number of summer days

– Average number of days with a hard frost

Under the subject Neerslag & verdamping (Precipitation & evaporation), find the map Gemiddelde hoeveelheid neerslag (Average amount of precipitation).

a Describe the differences between regions.

b Explain the differences using a relief map in the atlas and G49 Relief rainfall in the Geo Guide.

– Average number of frost days

18

Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe

4

I n W18, W19 and W20, make a climate passport for where you live.

a First, mark your hometown in W18. b Fill in the details for your hometown in W19. c Now fill in W20.

W19 A: average annual temperature

8,5

9

9,5

10

minimum

W18

The Netherlands.

11

11,5 °C

900

950

1.000 mm

maximum

700

750

800

minimum

IJs

0

No

Enschede

Utrecht Rotterdam

maximum

r Zwolle

The Hague

850

C: number of summer days (above 25°C)

ee

rt h

Sea

se

lm

Amsterdam

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40 days

40

50

60

70

80 days

D: number of frost days (below 0°C)

0

10

20

30

Nijmegen GERMANY

Breda Eindhoven

W20

Temperature, precipitation, summer days, frost days.

Average temperature: BELGIUM 25

10,5

B: average precipitation per year

Groningen

0

5

Compared to the rest of the country

50 km

1 : 3,000,000

Precipitation per year: Compared to the rest of the country

Things you should know and things you should be able to do WB

Number of summer days:

• describe and explain climate differences in the Netherlands • describe the climate of your hometown

Compared to the rest of the country

GG • G43 Temperatures above land and sea • G44 Onshore and offshore winds • G45 Ocean currents • G49 Relief rainfall www.degeo-online.nl

Number of days with frost: Compared to the rest of the country

19

Zoom A different in | Keuzemenu approach | Menu of options

A Menu of options W21

Straight through the Alps.

4,000

m 0

25

50 km

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

n ila

co

M

Le c

le y aV al

ra z

Ad d

sg M

on te

Di

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St .M

or

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k ec nd La

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Pa Gar rte m nk isc irc hZu hen gs pi tz e

0

W22

A Relief and climate in the Alps

In metres in metres Munich 515 St. Moritz 1,833 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 708 Monte Disgrazia 3,678 Zugspitze 2,978 Adda valley 240 Landeck 818 Lecco 214 Silvretta 3,411 Milan 211

1 Read Option A in your coursebook and look at Source 2.

2 Use the information in W22 to make a cross-section from Munich to Milan in W21.

3 Use G49 Relief rainfall in the Geo Guide. a Colour in charts W23A to W23C. b Write the correct names above them. Choose Milan or Zugspitze. c Give the location of the climate charts in W21.

W23A, B, C

Altitude.

The climate in the Alps.

B: the climate in............................................

A: the climate in Munich mm

ºC

mm

ºC

C: the climate in............................................ mm

ºC

30

225

200

25

200

25

20

175

20

175

20

150

15

150

15

150

15

125

10

125

10

125

10

100

5

100

5

100

5

75

0

75

0

75

0

50

−5

50

−5

50

−5

25

−10

25

−10

25

−10

−15

0

−15

0

30

225

200

25

175

225

0

j

f

m a m j

j

a s o

n d month

j

f

m a m j

j

a s o

n d month

j

f

m a m j

j

a s o

n d month

30

−15

20

Climate and Natural Landscape in Europe

C Habitation in mountainous regions

d Look at the climate chart for Milan. Compare it with the chart for Munich. What is the same? Explain.

1 Read Option C in your coursebook and look at the three maps in Source 4.

2 Fill in: north-east, south-west.

5

e Compare the precipitation in Munich and Milan with the precipitation on Zugspitze. Explain the difference.

The

of Bolivia is at a low altitude.

The

of Bolivia is at a high altitude.

3 Compare maps A and B. What do you notice if you look at the altitude of the towns/cities?

B What is the climate like?

1 Read Option B in your coursebook and look at Source 3.

2 In W24, read the statements about places A to F. Then find out where to put the letters in W25. Use the sections about climate factors in the Geo Guide. There is an overview in W26.

W24

Climates compared.

Town A is warmer than town B. There is more precipitation in A than in D. F is colder than D. The average annual temperature is higher in C than in F. F has the most precipitation.

C is more influenced by the sea than D. C is warmer in winter than E.

In low-lying areas, the population density is

4 Compare maps A and C. Are the tropical rainforests in the low or high part of Bolivia?

Can you explain this?

5 What is the difference between the population distribution in Bolivia and Switzerland? (Figures 19 and 20 in ยง4 of your coursebook.)

W25

What is the climate like?

sea prevailing wind direction town/city

60ยบ N

contour line

1 Read Option D in your coursebook and look at Source 5.

2 Go to www.degeo-online.nl to test your knowledge of the climate and landscapes in Europa.

400 m 800

D Quiz: climates and landscapes in Europe

m

1,200

m 1,600 m

W26

50ยบ N

Climate factors.

G38 Latitude and temperature G39 Climate Zones G43 Temperatures above land and sea G44 Onshore and offshore winds G45 Ocean currents G49 Relief rainfall

21

Zoom in | Keuzemenu Finish

Finish Look and learn questions

Terms

1 Look at Figure 21 in the Finish in your coursebook. a Which climate can you see in the photo?

2 Fill in the numbers of the correct terms and words in W27.

1 population density 9 Mediterranean Sea 2 dry 10 coniferous forest 3 high mountain range 11 permafrost 4 lowland 12 relief 5 land 13 taiga 6 leeward 14 tundra 7 sea 15 windward 8 deciduous tree 16 Gulf Stream

b Describe a characteristic that tells you this.

W27

Terms from Chapter 5. plain and plateau

perpetual snow + glaciers hills

indented coast

rocky belt

low mountain range

relief

alpine meadow – tree line altitude belts

form

EUROPE

belt deciduous forest belt

people: low peninsula

climate

not much precipitation

latitude

polar regions

temperate zone

climate

high latitude

climate

climate (warm, dry summers)

subtropics

sea climate

(= ocean current)

influence on temperature

offshore wind

onshore wind

near the sea

far from the sea

mountains

decreasing sea influence

climate dividing line

not much

lot of influence

climate

climate

original vegetation

belt

agriculture

heterogeneous forest (coniferous forest belt) flat + fertile soils

high population density

tundra

above tree line

high mountain range in the valleys: sea and continental climate

relief rainfall on

side

rain shadow on

side

no sea influence

continental climate

B

W.B. ten Brinke a.o.

www.

degeo-online .nl

workbook

1

havo/vwo English

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