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Research Paper

Political Science

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 3 | Issue : 6 | June 2017

CONSUMER PROTECTION:- PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS

miHkksDrk laj{k.k %& leL;k;sa vkSj lek/kku Dr. Suresh Chandra Bhatt Lecturer (Political Science), GIC Motinagar , Post office-Arjunpur , Distt-Nainital. ABSTRACT lekt esa izR;sd ,d miHkksDrk gSaA pkgs mldk O;olk;] vk;q] leqnk; ]rFkk /kkfeZd fopkj/kkjk dksbZ Hkh gksA vr% orZeku le; esa miHkksDrk vf/kdkj dks Lohd`r vU; ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa ls de ugh ekuk tk ldrkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fiNys nks n”kdksa ls miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa dks ysdj fo”oLrj ij fpark trkbZ tk jgh gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh oS”ohdj.k vkSj vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k ds ckn ,d u;h cktkj laLd`fr dk mn; gqvk gSA ,d cMs+ cktkj ds :i esa Hkkjr reke cgqjk'Vªh; dEifu;ksa ds fy, vkd'kZ.k dk dsUnz cu x;kA ,sls esa miHkksDrk fgrks dh j{kk ds fy, 1986 esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k dkuwu ykxw gqvkA ysfdu miHkksDrk lj{k.k dkuwuksa ds ckotwn Hkh Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa dks ysdj “kklu ls ysdj vke turk rd og tkx:drk ugh fn[kkbZ ns jgh gS tSls vesfjdk vkSj vU; fodflr jk'Vªksa esa gSAdkuwuks dk ypj gksuk vkSj Bhd izdkj ls fØ;kfUor uk gksuk miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds ekxZ cMh pqukSrh jgk gSA blds vfrfjDr vf”k{kk vkSj tkudkjh ds vHkko esa miHkksDrk “kks'k.k dk f”kdkj gks jgk gSAvr% vko”;drk tgkW miHkksDrk vkanksyu dks etcwr djus dh gSa ogh ,d etcwr ra= Hkh fodflr fd;k tkuk vko”;d gSA lekt esa izR;sd O;fDr ,d miHkksDrk gS] pkgs mldk O;olk;] vk;q] fyax] leqnk; rFkk /kkfed fopkj/kkjk dksbZ Hkh gksA ik'kk.k dky ls orZeku rd miHkksDrk ds mlds Lo:Ik esa ifjorZu tkjh gSA miHkksDrk ds oLrqfofu;e iz.kkyh ls gksrs gq, orZeku dky dh fo”kq) miHkksDrkoknh dky rd igq¡pus esa ,d yEck vkSj mrkj&p<+ko ls Hkjk le; mlus Hkksxk gSA bl nkSjku miHkksDrk ds :Ik esa mlds ljksdkjksa vkSj vko”;drkvksa esa Hkh vkewypwd ifjorZu vk;k gSA vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr ds ckn oLrqvksa ds fofu;e vkSj miHkksx ds rjhdksa ls euq'; thou esa ØkfUrdkjh ifjorZu vk;k vkSj ;g ifjorZu orZeku esa miHkksDrkoknh laLd`fr ds :Ik esa ifjyf{kr gqvk gSA 1990 ds Ik”pkr~ fo”o Lrj ij c<+rs] oS”ohdj.k vkSj vkfFkZd mnkjokn us miHkksDrk ds :Ik esa ekuo ds fy, dbZ rjg dh ijs”kkfu;k¡ [kM+h dj nh gSA ;gh dkj.k jgk gS fd fo”o Lrj ij miHkksDrk vf/kdkj dks Lohd`r vU; vf/kdkjksa ds leku egRo fn;k tkus yxk gSA ^^iw¡thokn O;oLFkk esa miHkksDrk dh vge~ Hkwfedk gS] D;ksafd os mRiknksa ds izfr tks vuqfØ;k viukrs gSa mlls gh lekt dh iwjh vFkZO;oLFkk dk Lo:Ik fu/kkZfjr gksrk gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa cktkj fu;af=r lektksa esa ewyHkwr izd`fr ;g gS fd ;gk¡ mRiknd ,oa miHkksDrk iwjh vFkZO;oLFkk dks pykus ds fy, nks ifg;ksa dh rjg dke djrs gSA exj O;ogkfjd :Ik esa miHkksDrk mRiknd dh rqyuk esa vf/kd vk/kkj iznku djrk gSA**1 oS”ohdj.k ds QyLo:Ik mRikndksa ds chp izfrLi/kkZ us ;fn miHkksDrk dks csgrj fodYi fn, rks lkFk gh equkQk dekus dh lksp j[kus okys mRikndksa us miHkksDrkvksa dks feykoVh de xq.koÙkk;qDr oLrq,¡ Hkh miyC/k djkbZ gSA vr% ,sls esa cktkjokn vkSj oS”ohdj.k ds bl dky esa miHkksDrk vf/kdkj vkSj muls laj{k.k ds Bksl mik; vkSj dkuwu dh vko”;drk izcyrk ls lkeus vk;h gSA ^^fo”oLrj ij miHkksDrk vkanksyu dk izkjfEHkd vesfjdk esa jkYQ ukMsj }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA ukMsj ds vkUnksyu ds QyLo:Ik 15 ekpZ 1962 dks vesfjdh dkaxzsl esa rRdkyhu jk'Vªifr tku ,WQ dSusMh }kjk miHkksDrk laj{k.k ij is”k fo/ks;d dks vuqeksfnr fd;k x;k Fkk blh dkj.k 15 ekpZ dks izfro'kZ fo”o miHkksDrk fnl ds :Ik esa euk;k tkrk gSA**2 blh nkSjku tkiku] Ýkal] teZuh] vkLVªsfy;k] eysf”k;k esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e esa eq[;r;k pkj fl)kUr lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS& 1- 2- 3- 4-

miHkksDrk lqj{kk djus dk vf/kdkj lwpuk izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj pquus dk vf/kdkj lquokbZ dk vf/kdkj

la;qDr jk'Vª ds egklfpo dks bu ekxZn”khZ fl)kUrksa dks lnL; jk'Vªksa dks viuk,a tkus gsrq ckrphr dk vf/kdkj fn;k x;kA** bu ekxZn”khZ fl)kUrksa us ,d O;kid uhfr :ijs[kk dk xBu fd;k ftlesa fuEufyf[kr {ks=ksa esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds fy, ljdkj }kjk fd;s tkus okys dk;ks± dh t:jr dh tkudkjh nh x;h& 1- 2- 3- 4- 5-

HkkSfrd lqj{kk miHkksDrk ds vkfFkZd fgrksa dh lqj{kk vkSj izksRlkgu miHkksDrk oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh lqj{kk vkSj xq.koÙkk ds ekud jkgr ikus ds fy, miHkksDrk dks l{ke cukus gsrq lk/ku fof”k'V {ks=ksa ¼Hkkstu] ikuh vkSj nokvksa½ ls lEcfU/kr lk/ku vkSj miHkksDrk f”k{kk vkSj lwpuk dk;ZØe**4

Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk vkUnksyu dh “kq:okr 1966 esa ts0vkj0Mh0 VkVk dh vxqokbZ esa dqN m|ksxifr;ksa }kjk eqEcbZ esa Qs;j izSfDVl ,lksfl,”ku dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk gqbZA 1974 esa ek/ko tks”kh }kjk iwuk esa xzkgd iapk;r dh LFkkiuk dhA /khjs&/khjs miHkksDrk ekxZn”khZ lkslk;Vh }kjk miHkksDrk tkx:drk] f”k{kk vkSj miHkksDrk vkUnksyu dks ns”k esa vkxs c<+k;k x;kA Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k gsrq Bksl dk;Z 1986 esa gqvkA tc iz/kkuea=h jktho xk¡/kh dh igy ij 09 fnlEcj 1986 dks miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e laln esa ikl gqvk vkSj iwjs ns”k esa ykxw gqvkA ckn esa 1993 vkSj 2002 esa blesa egRoiw.kZ lalks/ku fd;s x,A miHkksDrk laj{k.k dkuwu 1986 ls iwoZ Hkh Hkkjr esa miHkksDrkvksa ds laj{k.k gsrq dbZ dkuwu cuk;s x, ftuesa LorU=rk ls iwoZ cus dkuwuksa esa bafM;u iSuy dksM 1860] lsy vkWQ xqM~l ,DV 1930] Msatjl Mªx ,DV 1930 vkSj MªXl ,oa dkWLesfVd ,DV 1940 vkfn gSA LorU=rk ds Ik”pkr vkS|ksfxd fu;ked dkuwu 1951] Hkkjrh; ekud laLFkku ¼izek.k i=½ vf/kfu;e 1952] [kk| inkFkZ feykoVh jks/kh vf/kfu;e 1954] thou chek vf/kfu;e 1956] vko”;d oLrq vf/kfu;e 1955] gk;j ijpst vf/kfu;e 1972] jkT; iznw'k.k fu;a=.k cksMZ vf/kfu;e 1976] eksukiksyh ,aM jsLVªfDVo VªsM iSzfDVl vf/kfu;e 1969] fpVQ.M vf/kfu;e 1982] jsyos vf/kfu;e 1882] Hkkjrh; fo|qr vf/kfu;e 2003] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vf/kfu;e 2003] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vf/kfu;e 2000] LVS.MMZ vkWQ osV ,aM estlZ vf/kfu;e 1985] ;s lHkh dkuwu miHkksDrk fgrksa ds laj{k.k vkSj O;kikj esa lwfpr dk;e djus gsrq cuk;s x,A

1- {kfr izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj 2- LoPN okrkoj.k dk vf/kdkj 3- ewyHkwr vko”;drkvksa tSls thou] Hkkstu vkSj vkokl izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj**3

1986 dk miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e miHkksDrkvksa dks vuqfpr Ø; vkSj “kks'k.k ds f[kykQ izHkkoh vkSj dq”ky mipkj miyC/k djkrk gSA ^^vf/kfu;e lHkh oLrqvksa vkSj lsok pkgs os futh lkoZtfud ;k ljdkjh {ks= dh gksa ij ykxw gksrk gSA c”krsZ dh og dsUnz ljdkj }kjk vk/kdkfjd ctV esa fo”ks'k vf/klwpuk }kjk eqDr uk dj fn;k x;k gksA vf/kfu;e miHkksDrkvksa ds fy, igys ls ekStwnk dkuwuksa esa ,d lq/kkj gS D;ksafd ;g {kfriwfrZ izd`fr dk gS tcfd vU; dkuwu ewyr% n.M vk/kkfjr gSa vkSj mlls fo”ks'k fLFkfr;ksa esa jkgr iznku djus ;ksX; cuk;k x;k gSA**5 bl dkuwu ds rgr mipkj vU; dkuwuksa ds vfrfjDr gSA ;g dkuwu ekStwn vU; dkuwuksa dk yksi ugha djrkA

miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds fy, 09 vizSy 1985 ,d mYys[kuh; fnu gS tc la;qDr jk'Vª la?k dh egklHkk }kjk miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds fy, ekxZn”khZ fl)kUrksa dks ekU;rk nhA

miHkksDrk laj{k.k dk dkuwu miHkksDrkvksa ds Ng vf/kdkjksa dks lqjf{kr djrk gS ftlesa lqj{kk dk vf/kdkj] pquko dk vf/kdkj] viuh ckr dgus dk vf/kdkj]

^^vesfjdh jk'Vªifr }kjk blesa miHkksDrk f”k{kk dk vf/kdkj ckn esa vkSj tksM+k x;kA dqN le; Ik”pkr~ blesa rhu vU; vf/kdkj lekfgr fd;s x,&

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Research Paper E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 3 | Issue : 6 | June 2017 izeq[k flQkfj”kksa vkSj lq>ko& fuokj.k dk vf/kdkj vkSj miHkksDrk f”k{kk dk vf/kdkjA miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 1- orZeku miHkksDrk dkuwuksa dks vf/kd etcwr cukuk rkfd miHkksDrk f”kdk;rksa 1986 ds ykxw gksus ds ckn Hkkjr esa dsUnz ls ysdj ftykLrj rd miHkksDrk f”kdk;r dk Rofjr funku gks ldsA ra= LFkkfir gqvk gSA orZeku esa ns”k esa 621 ftyk miHkksDrk Qksje 32 jkT; Qksje vkSj ,d dsUnzh; miHkksDrk Qksje dk;Z dj jgk gSA ,d l”kDr dkuwu ds Ik”pkr Hkh 2- vlaxfBr {ks= ds O;kikj ij fu;a=.k gsrq mik; djukA ;g dguk dh Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k Bhd izdkj ls gks ik jgk gS csekuh gksxkA vkt Hkh Hkkjr vesfjdk vkfn vU; fodflr ns”kksa dh rqyuk esa miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa 3- miHkksDrk gsYiykbuksa esa o`f) dj mldk izlkj c<+kukA ds fØ;kUo;u ds ekeys esa dkQh fiNM+k gSaA Hkkjr esa oLrqvksa esa feykoV] vf/kd dher olwyuk] fuEu xq.koÙkk ;qDr mRiknksa dk cM+s iSekus ij izlkj gks jgk gSA Hkkjr 4- miHkksDrk tkx:drk gsrq tufiz; izpkj lk/kuksa ls iz;kl djukA esa vf/kdka”k mi;ksX; oLrq,sa vlaxfBr {ks= esa mRikfnr gksrh gS ftu ij Bhd izdkj ls eksfuVfjax ugha gks ikrhA [kk| inkFkks± esa feykoV dk ,d cM+k ra= fodflr gS 5- Ldwy Lrj ij miHkksDrk dkuwuksa dh tkudkjh ikB~;Øe esa lfEefyr djukA ftlls miHkksDrk LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd mRikn [kjhnus ij foo”k gSA blds vfrfjDr Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds le{k fuEufyf[kr pqukSfr;k¡ gSa& 6- miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e dh vf/kd dkjxj cukukA 1½ miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e xyr O;kikfjd uhfr;ksa dks jksdus esa lQy ugha gks ik;k gS ;|fi vf/kfu;e esa ifjHkkf'kr djrs gq, dgk x;k gS fd viuh oLrqvksa lUnHkZ: ds mi;ksx ,oa fuxZr djus ;k lsokvksa dks cspus ds fy, fdlh Hkh rjg dh 1. ikaMs;] jktsUnz fgUnw dkWyst ubZ fnYyh] Human right gender & environment v/;k; 10] miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e vkSj f”kdk;r fuokj.k rU= www.sol.du.ac /kks[ksckth dh dk;Zokgh dks xyr dk;Zokgh ekuk tk;sxkA** xyr O;kikfjd xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k miHkksDrk vius Kku ds vk/kkj ij dbZ xyr O;kikfjd 2- miHkksDrk laj{k.k hi.m.wikipedia.org xfrfof/k;ksa dks vius fgrksa ds f[kykQ ikrs gSaA ,slh xfrfof/k;k¡ cM+h la[;k esa gks 3- tks”kh] ih.ds. consumer protection law, page- 2 western law house meerut 2008 jgh gSA**6 1986 ds miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e esa bulds fo'k; esa Hkh Bksl 4- MkW. diwj] miHkksDrk vf/kdkj ,oa f”kdk;r fuokj.kA www.wikibook.org O;k[;k dk vHkko gS ftlls miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa dk laj{k.k bl lEcU/k esa Bhd izdkj ls ugha gks ik jgk gSA 5- ikaMs;] jktsUnz fgUnw dkWyst ubZ fnYyh] Human right gender & environment v/;k; 10] miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e vkSj f”kdk;r fuokj.k rU= www.sol.du.ac

2½ miHkksDrk f”k{kk ,d ,slk lk/ku gS ftlds }kjk dkQh gn rd miHkksDrk “kks'k.k esa eqfDr ik ldrk gSA Hkkjr esa 1986 ds miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr miHkksDrk f”k{kk dks O;kid egRo nsrs gq, dsUnzh; jkT; ,oa ftyk Lrj ij xfBr miHkksDrk ifj'knksa dks miHkksDrk f”k{kk ;k tkx:drk okys dk;ZØe pyk;s tkus dh O;oLFkk dh x;h gSA ijUrq miHkksDrk tkx:drk dk;ZØe tehuh Lrj rd ugha igq¡p ik;s gSaA vf/kdka”k miHkksDrk tkudkjh ds vHkko esa “kks'k.k dk f”kdkj gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa vkcknh dk ,d cM+k fgLlk vf”kf{kr gS bl oxZ dks miHkksDrk vf/kdkjksa ds izfr tkx:d djuk cM+h pqukSrh gs] ;gh oxZ gS tks miHkksDrk ds :Ik esa T;knk “kksf'kr gksrk gSA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa miHkksDrk fo”ks'kdj tkudkjh ds vHkko esa “kks'k.k dk f”kdkj gksrk gSA fuEu ntsZ dh oLrq,¡ mRikndksa }kjk csph tkrh gSaA vr% miHkksDrk vkUnksyu dks izR;sd miHkksDrk rd igq¡pkuk vHkh Hkh ,d pqukSrh gSA

6- mijksDr vU; lUnHkZ iqLrdsa 1.

Dr. Paranjape vinay n, consumer protection law in india, centre law agency Allahabad 2010.

Tripathi S.C., The consumer protection act. central law publication Allahabad 2011.

Chaudhary R.N.P., consumer protection law, provision and procedure, Deep production new Delhi 2005.

3½ ?kVrkSyh vkSj ek=k ls de fudyuk Hkkjrh; miHkksDrk cktkj dh ,d cM+h leL;k gSA ;|fi Hkkjr esa ?kVrkSyh ds lUnHkZ esa LVS.MMZ vkWQ osV vkSj estj vf/kfu;e 1985 vkSj fof/kd eki vf/kfu;e 2009 gS] vkSj miHkksDrk ekeyksa ds ea=ky; ds v/khu ckV eki foHkkx dh LFkkiuk Hkh dh x;h gSA blds ckotwn Hkh ljdkjh ra= dh ykijokgh ls ?kVrkSyh dh leL;k T;ksa dh R;ksa cuh gqbZ gSA miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 1986 ds vUrxZr Hkh ?kVrkSyh ds fo:) f”kdk;r dk izko/kku gSA ?kVrkSyh dh leL;k ls fuiVus esa ljdkjh ra= dks vf/kd pqlr cuk;k tkuk furkar vko”;d gSA 4½ Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds le{k ,d cM+h pqukSrh ;g gS fd Hkkjr esa cktkj dk ,d cM+k oxZ vlaxfBr {ks= ls lEcfU/kr gSA QqVdj lCth foØsrk] jsM+h okys] Bsyh okys] Qsjh okys O;kikjh vlaxfBr {ks= ls vkrs gSaA vlaxfBr {ks= ds bl O;kikj ij jksd yxk ikuk cgqr eqf”dy gSA ,sls fuEu xq.koÙkk okyk mRikn csprs gSa ftudh bdkbZ;k¡ iathd`r ugha gSA ,sls mRiknksa dks fcuk yscy ds cktkj esa cspk tkrk gS ftlesa xyr [kk| lkexzh ekuo LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd gSA bl izdkj ds vlaxfBr cktkj esa oLrq Ø; djus ij miHkksDrk dks j”khn Hkh izkIr ugha gksrhA vr% vlaxfBr {ks= ds mRiknksa ls miHkksDrk “kks'k.k dks jksd ikuk nq'dj gks jgk gSA jlhn ds vHkko esa miHkksDrk dkuwu dk lgkjk Hkh ugha ys ldrkA 5½ Hkkjr esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds le{k ,d pqukSrh ;g Hkh gS fd dbZ mRiknksa }kjk fuEu xq.koÙkk ds mRikn tkus igpkus czkaM ls feyrs tqyrs j[ks tkrs gSaA miHkksDrk dbZ ckj bl ij /;ku ugha ns ikrkA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa bl izdkj ds mRikn vf/kdka”k ek=k esa nqdkuksa esa ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA bl izdkj ds mRiknksa esa [kjkc xq.koÙkk okys mRiknksa ds lEcU/k esa miHkksDrk tku dj Hkh dqN ugha dj ikrk vkSj mldk mi;ksx mldh etcwjh cu tkrh gSA bl izdkj ds mRiknksa ds lEcU/k esa miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e esa cgqr dqN mipkj izkIr ugha gSA 6½ orZeku le; esa VsyhekdsZfVax vkSj vkWuykbu “kkWfiax dkQh izpfyr gks jgk gSA ,slh f”kdk;rsa cgqrk;r esa izkIr gks jgh gSa fd miHkksDrkvksa dks foKkiu esa iznf”kZr mRikn dh txg de xq.koÙkk okyk mRikn dEifu;ksa }kjk miyC/k djk fn;k tkrk gSA mRiknksa dh fMyhojh esa Hkh nks'k jgrk gSA vr% O;kikj ds bl u, {ks= ds lEcU/k esa mfpr izko/kku miHkksDrk laj{k.k dkuwu esa fd;s tkus gksaxsA

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