Issuu

Research Paper

Education

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 3 | Issue : 7 | July 2017

STUDY OF MENTAL PRESSURE AND EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS

fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld ncko ,oa “kSf{kd miyfC/k dk v/;;u 1

Pradeep Kumar Tiwari | Dr. Satish Kumar Singh 1 2

Research Scholar, Department of Education, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road, Moradabad (U.P.) - 244102. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road, Moradabad (U.P.) – 244102.

ABSTRACT euq"; ,d lkekftd izk.kh gS vkSj vius vfLrRo ,oa fodkl ds fy, lnSo iz;Ru”khy jgrk gSA euq"; ds thou dks lgh fn”kk nsus ,oa lkFkZd cukus esa f”k{kk dh Hkwfedk vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSA f”k{kk ifjorZu ,oa laLd`fr ds gLrkUrj.k dk egRoiw.kZ lk/ku gSA f”k{kk gh euq'; dks vkn”kZ ukxfjd cukrh gS vkSj lekt rFkk ns”k dh fofHkUu leL;kvksa dk lek/kku miyC/k djkrh gSA blfy, jkT; vkSj dsUnz ljdkjsa Lora=rk ds ckn ls gh yxkrkj f”k{kk dks lHkh ukxfjdksa rd ig¡pkus ds fy, fofHkUu izdkj dh uhfr;ksa dks lapkfyr dj jgh gSaA lekt esa mRiUu gksus okyh fofHkUu dqjhfr;ksa vkSj vU;k; ls fuiVus ds fy, vko”;d gS fd lekt ds lHkh cPpsa f”k{kk xzg.k djsa vkSj muesa leL;kvksa dks le>us rFkk mudk lek/kku djus dh {kerk dk leqfpr fodkl gksA f”k{kk xzg.k djus ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk “kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld :i ls LoLFk gksuk vko”;d gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds lkekftd okrkoj.k] [kkuiku] “kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld LokLF;] :fp vkSj ekufld ncko vkfn lHkh dk izHkko Li'V :i ls fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA vr% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko ds izHkko dks le>us ds fy, lqYrkuiqj tuin ds ljdkjh b.Vj dkystkas ls 140 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk v/;;u losZ{k.k fof/k ds )kjk fd;k x;kA “kks/k vkadM+ksa ds fo”ys'k.k ds fy, MkW0 fot; y{eh rFkk Jqfr ujsu ds )kjk fufeZr ^^ruko ekiuh** dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds 10oha ds izkIrkad dks muds “kSf{kd miyfC/k ds :i esa fy;k x;kA v/;;u ds i”pkr~ “kks/kdrkZ us ik;k fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k muds ekufld ncko ls izHkkfor gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ vf/kd ekufld ncko okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k de ekufld ncko okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k dh vis{kk de gh gksrh gSA vk¡dM+ksa ds fo”ys'k.k ls Li'V gS fd “kgjh {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSA izeq[k “kCn% Ekkufld ncko] “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|kFkhZ (Secondary level students) vkfnA izLrkouk% ekuo fodkl esa eu vkSj efLr"d ds fodkl dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA eu vkSj efLr"d dk LoLFk jgdj dk;Z djus dh {kerk cuk;s j[kuk gh ekufld LokLF; gSA ekufld LokLF; ds vHkko esa O;fDr dk fodkl dqafBr gks tkrk gS vkSj og lekt ij cks> cu tkrk gSA ekufld :i ls LoLFk O;fDr ogh gS tks Lo;a lq[kh gS] vius iM+ksfl;ksa esa 'kkafriwoZd jgrk gS] vius cPpksa dks LoLFk ukxfjd cukrk gS rFkk viuh 'kfDr ds vuq:i lekt ds fgr ds fy, Hkh dk;Z djrk gSA okLro esa “kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld :i ls LoLFk jgus ij gh O;fDr vius okrkoj.k ls lkeatL; LFkkfir djus esa lQy gks ldrk gSA ijUrq vkt dk ;qx ekufld ruko dk ;qx gSA cPpksa ls ysdj o`) rd gj balku fdlh u fdlh çdkj ds ekufld ruko ls xzLr fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA vkt vusdksa fo|kFkhZ O;ogkjkRed rFkk laosxkRed leL;kvksa ls tw> jgs gSa tks muds ekufld ,oa 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks Hkh çHkkfor dj jgh gSA 1999 esa ;wukbVsM LVsV~l ds ltZu tujy ¼U.S. Dept. of Health and Human services, 1999½ us vius v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij crk;k fd çR;sd ik¡p cPpksa esa ls ,d cPpk vius 'kSf{kd thou esa ekufld LokLF; lEcU/kh leL;kvksa ls xzLr gksrk gSA tc cPps ekufld :i ls vLoLFk gksrs gSa rks os çk;% fo|ky; esa yxkrkj mifLFkr ugha gks ikrsA os cPps vius x`g dk;Z dks Hkh iw.kZ djus esa dfBukbZ vuqHko djrs gSa rFkk vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk mudk lkeatL; Hkh Bhd rjg ls LFkkfir ugha gks ikrkA ;¡w rks vktdy fo|ky;ksa esa cgqr vf/kd i<+k;k tkrk gS ;k i<+uk iM+rk gS] ijUrq cgqr de lh[kk ;k le>k tkrk gSA blfy, fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ds ikB~;Øe dh O;oLFkk esa cky dsfUnzr n`f"Vdks.k dh vuqifLFkfr v[kjrh gSA ikB~;Øeksa dh fo"k; oLrq esa laxBu vkSj rkyesy dh deh gSA ;s dfe;k¡ Li"VrkSj ij jVus rFkk vi;kZIr le> dk dkj.k cu tkrh gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i ckydksa esa ekufld ruko rFkk ekufld vLoLFkrk mRiUu gksrh gSA vr% 'kks/kdrkZ us ;g vuqHko fd;k fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij mudss ekufld ncko dk çHkko iM+rk gSaA blfy, çLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa 'kks/kdrkZ us ;g tkuus dk ç;kl fd;k gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk çHkko iM+rk gS ;k ughaA vkSj “kgjh {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ,oa xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa D;k vUrj gSA leL;k dFku% fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld ncko ,oa “kSf{kd miyfC/k dk v/;;uA

“kks/k ds mn~ns”;% “kks/k v/;;u ds fuEu mn~ns”; gSa & 1- fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA 2- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA 3- “kgjh {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA 4- f”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA 5- vf”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA 6- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj “kgjh {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa lEcU/k dk v/;;u djukA “kks/k ifjdYiuk,¡% mn~ns”;ksa ds vk/kkj ij fuEu ifjdYiukvksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k & 1- fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko ugh iM+rkA 2- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko ugh iM+rkA 3- “kgjh {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko ugh iM+rkA 4- f”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko ugh iM+rkA 5- vf”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko ugh iM+rkA

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International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

116

Research Paper E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 3 | Issue : 7 | July 2017 lkj.kh la[;k&1 6- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj “kgjh {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gksrkA ifj.kke ekud ØkfUrd lkFkZdrk la[;k ek/; Lohd`r@ pj fopyu vuqikr “kks/k v/;;u esa iz;qDr rduhdh “kCnksa dk Li"Vhdj.k% (N) (Mean) Lrj (C.R.) (S.D.) vLohd`r 1- “kSf{kd miyfC/k% “kSf{kd miyfC/k ls rkRi;Z f”k{k.k mn~ns”;ksa dh izkfIr ls gSA fo|kFkhZ “kSf{kd mn~ns”;ksa dks izkIr djus esa fdl lhek rd lQy gq, gSa] ;gh “kSf{kd 59 382-91 45-94 mudh “kSf{kd miyfC/k dks n”kkZrk gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa us fdl lhek rd viuh miyfC/k izHkko 59-38 vLohd`r ckSf)d ;ksX;rk dk fodkl fd;k gS] ;gh mudh miyfC/k dk lwpd gSA “kSf{kd iM+rk gSA ekufld 59 20-85 9-08 miyfC/k ls rkRi;Z Nk=ksa }kjk vftZr Kku] dkS”ky vkfn ;ksX;rk dh ek=k ls gSA ncko lqij ¼1967½ ds “kCnksa esa ^^,d miyfC/k ;k {kerk ijh{k.k ;g Kkr djus ds fy, (df=N +N – 2 = 59+59-2 = 116) iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS fd O;fDr us D;k vkSj fdruk lh[kk rFkk og dksbZ dk;Z fdruh Hkyh&Hkk¡fr dj ysrk gSA** mi;qZDr lkj.kh&2 esa xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj ekufld 2- ekufld ncko% ekufld ruko dk {ks= cgqr gh foLr`r gSA vkSj bl leL;k ij ncko ds e/;ekuksa ,oa ekud fopyuksa dks iznf”kZr fd;k x;k gSA bu U;kn”kksZ ds vc fnu izfrfnu /;ku nsus dh vko”;drk c<+rh tk jgh gSA vko”;drk ds ek/; Øe”k% 382-91 vkSj 20-85 izkIr gq, gSaA buds e/;ekuksa rFkk ekud fopyuksa dh vuq:i vuqdwyu u dj ikus ij ekufld ruko mRiUu gksrk gSA çLrqr x.kuk ds vk/kkj ij ØkfUrd vuqikr dk eku 59-38 gqvkA ;g eku Lora=rk ds va”k v/;;u esa ekufld ncko ls vk'k; ml my>u ;k ijs'kkuh ls gS tks fo|kFkhZ 116 ds 0-01 vkSj 0-05 fo”okl Lrjksa ij ØkfUrd vuqikr ds lkj.kh eku Øe”k% 1-65 vius v/;;u ds nkSjku rc vuqHko djrk gS tc og fdlh ifjfLFkfr esa okafNr vkSj 1-98 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fu/kkZfjr “kwU; ifjdYiuk dks fo”okl ds nksuksa Lrjksa ij Lrj dk dk;Z ugha dj ikrkA izk;% cPpksa esa ekufld ncko rc mRiUu gksrk gS vLohdkj dj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd tc og udkjkRed laosxksa ls xzflr gksrs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa cPps viuk ekufld miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko iM+rk gSA lUrqyu [kks nsrs gSa vkSj lgh fu.kZ; ugh ys ikrsA ifjdYiuk la[;k &2% ^^xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds “kks/k tula[;k ,oa lhekadu % ekufld ncko dk izHkko ugh iM+rk** çLrqr v/;;u esa mRrj izns”k f”k{kk ifj’kn }kjk lapkfyr lqYrkuiqj tuin ds ljdkjh b.Vj dkystksa esa v/;;ujr~ dsoy d{kk nl ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks gh fy;k x;k lkj.kh la[;k&2 gSA ekud ØkfUrd lkFkZdrk ifj.kke la[;k ek/; Lohd`r@ pj fopyu vuqikr “kks/k U;kn”kZ vkSj U;kn”kZ p;u fof/k % (N) (Mean) Lrj (S.D.) (C.R.) vLohd`r tc fdlh tula[;k ds fdlh pj dk fof”k’V eku Kkr djus ds fy, mldh dqN bdkbZ;ksa dks pquk tkrk gS rks pquus dh bl izfØ;k dks U;kn”kZu vkSj pqus gq, lewg “kSf{kd 59 382-91 45-94 dks U;kn”kZ dgk tkrk gSA izLrqr “kks/k losZ{k.k fof/k ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj ljy miyfC/k izHkko 59-38 vLohd`r ;kn`fPNd fof/k ls 140 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA izLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa iM+rk gSA ekufld 59 20-85 9-08 81 “kgjh {ks= ds fo|kFkhZ vkSj 59 xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kFkhZ ftlesa 76 f”kf{kr ncko vfHkHkkodksa vkSj 64 vf”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kFkhZ “kkfey gSaA 1

“kks/k v/;;u dh fof/k vkSj “kks/k midj.k% izLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa losZ{k.k fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA “kks/k vkadM+ksa ds fo”ys'k.k ds fy, MkW0 fot; y{eh rFkk Jqfr ukjsu ds )kjk fufeZr ^^ruko ekiuh** dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds 10oha ds izkIrkad dks muds “kSf{kd miyfC/k ds :i esa fy;k x;k gSA “kks/k lkaf[;dh% izLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa e/;eku] izekf.kd fopyu] ØkfUrd vuqikr vkSj Vh ijh{k.k ds fy, lkFkZdrk Lrj 0-05 dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA “kks/k vkadM+ksa dk lkj.kh;u vkSj vFkkZiu%

(df=N1+N2 – 2 = 59+59-2 = 116)

mi;qZDr lkj.kh&2 esa xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj ekufld ncko ds e/;ekuksa ,oa ekud fopyuksa dks iznf”kZr fd;k x;k gSA bu U;kn”kksZ ds ek/; Øe”k% 382-91 vkSj 20-85 izkIr gq, gSaA buds e/;ekuksa rFkk ekud fopyuksa dh x.kuk ds vk/kkj ij ØkfUrd vuqikr dk eku 59-38 gqvkA ;g eku Lora=rk ds va”k 116 ds 0-01 vkSj 0-05 fo”okl Lrjksa ij ØkfUrd vuqikr ds lkj.kh eku Øe”k% 1-65 vkSj 1-98 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fu/kkZfjr “kwU; ifjdYiuk dks fo”okl ds nksuksa Lrjksa ij vLohdkj dj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko iM+rk gSA ifjdYiuk la[;k&3% ^^“kgjh {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko ugh iM+rk**

U;kn”kZ fooj.k

lkj.kh la[;k&3

Gender Rural Urban Educated Parents Uneducated Parents Total Boys

Girls

Total

140

G. Total

140

xzkQ }kjk vkadM+ksa dk fu:i.k

pj “kSf{kd miyfC/k ekufld ncko

la[;k

ek/;

ekud fopyu

(N)

(Mean)

(S.D.)

395-76

51-44

ØkfUrd lkFkZdrk ifj.kke Lohd`r@ vuqikr Lrj (C.R.) vLohd`r 64-97

17-99

9-61

izHkko vLohd`r iM+rk gSA

(df=N1+N2– 2 = 81+81-2 = 160)

ifjdYiuk la[;k&1% ^^fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko ugh iM+rk**

mi;qZDr lkj.kh&3 esa “kgjh {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj muds ekufld ncko ds e/;ekuksa ,oa ekud fopyuksa dks iznf”kZr fd;k x;k gSA bu U;kn”kksZ ds ek/; Øe”k% 395-76 vkSj 17-99 izkIr gq, gSaA buds e/;ekuksa rFkk ekud fopyuksa dh x.kuk ds vk/kkj ij ØkfUrd vuqikr dk eku 64-97 izkIr gqvk gSA ;g eku Lora=rk ds va”k 160 ds 0-01 vkSj 0-05 fo”okl Lrjksa ij ØkfUrd vuqikr ds lkj.kh eku Øe”k% 1-65 vkSj 1-96 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fu/kkZfjr “kwU; ifjdYiuk dks fo”okl ds nksuksa Lrjksa ij vLohdkj dj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd “kgjh {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko iM+rk gSA ifjdYiuk la[;k&4% ^^f”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko ugh iM+rk**

117

International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 3 | Issue : 7 | July 2017 “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gksrk gSA

lkj.kh la[;k&4 pj “kSf{kd miyfC/k ekufld ncko

la[;k

ek/;

(N)

(Mean)

406-03

ekud ØkfUrd lkFkZdrk fopyu vuqikr Lrj (S.D.)

(C.R.)

49-70

izHkko iM+rk gSA

67 76

ifj.kke Lohd`r@ vLohd`r

9-59

vLohd`r

(df = N1+N2– 2 = 76+76 - 2 = 150)

mi;qZDr lkj.kh&4 esa f”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj muds ekufld ncko ds e/;ekuksa ,oa ekud fopyuksa dks iznf”kZr fd;k x;k gSA bu U;kn”kksZ ds ek/; Øe”k% 406-03 vkSj 17 izkIr gq, gSaA buds e/;ekuksa rFkk ekud fopyuksa dh x.kuk ds vk/kkj ij ØkfUrd vuqikr dk eku 67 izkIr gqvkA tks fd Lora=rk ds va”k 150 ds 0-01 vkSj 0-05 fo”okl Lrjksa ij ØkfUrd vuqikr ds lkj.kh eku Øe”k% 1-65 vkSj 1-96 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fu/kkZfjr “kwU; ifjdYiuk dks fo”okl ds nksuksa Lrjksa ij vLohdkj dj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd f”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko iM+rk gSA ifjdYiuk la[;k&5% ^^vf”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko ugh iM+rk**

fu’d’kZZ% mijksDr ifjdYiukvksa ds ifj.kke ¼Lohd`r vFkok vLohd`r½ ds vk/kkj ij izLrqr “kks/k v/;;u ds fuEu fu’d’kZ fudkys x;s gSa& Ÿ

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko iM+rk gSA vFkkZr~ vf/kd ekufld ncko okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k de ekufld ncko okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k dh vis{kk de gksrh gSA

vk¡dM+ksa ds fo”ys’k.k ds vk/kkj ij ik;k x;k fd xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij mu fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld ncko dk izHkko ik;k tkrk gSA

“kgjh {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij mu fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld ncko dk vlj iM+rk gSA vFkkZr~ de ekufld ncko okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vf/kd ekufld ncko okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k dh vis{kk mPp Lrj dh gksrh gSA

f”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa vkSj vf”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij Hkh muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko iM+rk gSA

xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj “kgjh {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha ik;k x;kA blfy, “kgjh rFkk xzkeh.k nksuksa gh {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k mPp ;k fuEu gksus ds fy, muds vkfFkZd] ikfjokfjd] “kkjhfjd rFkk lkekftd dkjd gh mRrjnk;h gksrs gSaA

lkj.kh la[;k&5 pj “kSf{kd miyfC/k ekufld ncko

la[;k

ek/;

(N)

(Mean)

371-72

ekud fopyu (S.D.)

ØkfUrd lkFkZdrk ifj.kke Lohd`r@ vuqikr Lrj (C.R.) vLohd`r

42-46 64-60

21-80

8-70

izHkko vLohd`r iM+rk gSA

mi;qZDr lkj.kh&5 esa vf”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj muds ekufld ncko ds e/;ekuksa ,oa ekud fopyuksa dks iznf”kZr fd;k x;k gSA x.kuk djus ij bu vk¡dM+ksa ds ek/; Øe”k% 371-72 vkSj 21-80 izkIr gq, gSaA buds e/;ekuksa rFkk ekud fopyuksa dh x.kuk ds vk/kkj ij ØkfUrd vuqikr dk eku 6460 izkIr gqvkA ;g eku Lora=rk ds va”k 126 ds 0-01 vkSj 0-05 fo”okl Lrjksa ij ØkfUrd vuqikr ds lkj.kh eku Øe”k% 1-65 vkSj 1-96 ls vf/kd gSA vr% fu/kkZfjr “kwU; ifjdYiuk dks fo”okl ds nksuksa Lrjksa ij vLohdkj dj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd vf”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj muds ekufld ncko dk izHkko iM+rk gSA ifjdYiuk la[;k&6% ^^xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj “kgjh {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gksrk** lkj.kh la[;k&6

xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k “kgjh {ks=ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k

la[;k

ek/;

(N)

(Mean)

382-91

ekud ØkfUrd fopyu vuqikr (S.D.)

(C.R.)

45-94 &1-55

395-76

51-44

“kSf{kd fufgrkFkZ lq>ko% izLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa dsoy lqYrkuiqj tuin ds ljdkjh b.Vj dkystksa esa v/;;ujr~ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks gh fy;k x;k gSA Hkfo’; esa ;g “kks/k jkT; vFkok e.My Lrj ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA

(df = N1+N2– 2 = 64+64 - 2 = 126)

vr% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k dks c<+kus ds fy, f”k{kdksa ds lkFk&lkFk ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dks Hkh viuk mRrjnkf;Ro fuHkkuk gksxk ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa vius mUufr ds iFk ij lqpk: :i ls pyus esa l{ke gks ldsA

izLrqr “kks/k v/;;u xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa] “kgjh {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa] f”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa rFkk vf”kf{kr vfHkHkkodksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ks ij vk/kkfjr gSA Hkfo’; esa bls tkfr] /keZ vFkok lkekftd /kkfeZd fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSA

izLrqr “kks/k esa dsoy “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj ekufld ncko dks gh fy;k x;k gSA Hkfo’; esa vU; pjksa dks Hkh v/;;u ds fy, “kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA

lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph% 1. vLFkkuk] fofiu] vLFkkuk] fuf/k ,oa JhokLro] fot;k ¼2008½- “kSf{kd vuqlU/kku ,oa lkaf[;dh] vkxjk % vxzoky ifCyds”kUlA 2. ikBd] ih0 Mh0 ¼2016½- f”k{kk euksfoKku] vkxjk&2 % vxzoky ifCyds”kUlA 3. ik.Ms;] jke ldy ¼2013½- f”k{kkeuksfoKku] esjB % vkj0 yky cqd fMiksA

ifj.kke lkFkZdrk Lohd`r@ Lrj vLohd`r dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSA

Lohd`r

(df = N1+N2– 2 = 59+81 - 2 = 138)

mi;qZDr lkj.kh&6 esa xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj “kgjh {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/;ekuksa ,oa ekud fopyuksa dks iznf”kZr fd;k x;k gSA bu vk¡dM+ksa ds ek/; Øe”k% 382-91 vkSj 395-76 izkIr gq, gSaA buds e/;ekuksa rFkk ekud fopyuksa dh x.kuk ds vk/kkj ij ØkfUrd vuqikr dk eku &1-55 izkIr gqvkA ;g eku Lora=rk ds va”k 138 ds 0-01 vkSj 0-05 fo”okl Lrjksa ij ØkfUrd vuqikr ds lkj.kh eku Øe”k% 1-65 vkSj 1-96 ls de gSA vr% fu/kkZfjr “kwU; ifjdYiuk dks fo”okl ds nksuksa Lrjksa ij Lohdkj dj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k vkSj “kgjh {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

4. oekZ] çhrh ,oa JhokLro] Mh- ,u- ¼2010½- cky euksfoKku% cky fodkl- vkxjk&2% vxzoky ifCyds”kUlA 5. ljhu] “kf”kdyk ,oa ljhu] vatuh ¼2014½- “kSf{kd vuqla/kku fof/k;k¡] vkxjk % vxzoky ifCyds”kUlA 6. fla?ky] vuqiek vkSj dqyJs'B] ,l0 ih0 ¼2014½- “kSf{kd rduhdh ds ewy vk/kkj] vkxjk % vxzoky ifCyds”kUlA 7. lqij] Mh0 Lkh0 ¼1957½- n lkbdksykWth vkWQ n dSfj;lZ] U;w;kdZ % gkiZj ,.M cznlZA csclkbV~l% 8.

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10. www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/10352/13/13_ bibliography.pdf

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